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<!doctype html><html><head><title>‪Eric Cornell‬ - ‪Google Scholar‬</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="referrer" content="always"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"><link rel="canonical" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&hl=en"><meta name="description" content="‪JILA Fellow and Adjoint Professor of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST‬ - ‪‪Cited by 46,146‬‬ - ‪AMO physics‬ - ‪precision metrology‬ - ‪ultracold atoms‬"><meta property="og:description" content="‪JILA Fellow and Adjoint Professor of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST‬ - ‪‪Cited by 46,146‬‬ - ‪AMO physics‬ - ‪precision metrology‬ - ‪ultracold atoms‬"><meta property="og:title" content="Eric Cornell"><meta property="og:image" 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id="gs_md_err" style="display:none">The system can't perform the operation now. Try again later.</div><div id="gs_md_s"></div><div data-h="0" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds"><div id="gsc_md_hist" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_hist-t" data-wfc="gsc_md_hist-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_hist-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_hist" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_hist-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Citations per year</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_hist-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gsc_md_hist{width:80%;max-width:386px;}#gsc_md_hist_c{position:relative;width:100%;}</style><div id="gsc_md_hist_c"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="600" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cbyd" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cbyd-t" data-cid="gsc_md_cbyd_l" data-wfc="gsc_md_cbyd-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cbyd-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cbyd" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cbyd-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Duplicate citations</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cbyd-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><form id="gsc_md_cbyd_f" action="/citations?hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&view_op=list_works" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="s" value=""><div class="gs_md_lbl">The following articles are merged in Scholar. Their <a id="gsc_md_cbyd_c" href="javascript:void(0)">combined citations</a> are counted only for the first article.</div><div id="gsc_md_cbyd_l"></div></form></div></div></div><div data-h="600" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cbym" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cbym-t" data-cid="gsc_md_cbym_l" data-wfc="gsc_md_cbym-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cbym-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cbym" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cbym-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Merged citations</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cbym-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><div class="gs_md_lbl">This "Cited by" count includes citations to the following articles in Scholar. The ones marked <span id="gsc_md_cbym_s">*</span> may be different from the article in the profile.</div><div id="gsc_md_cbym_l" data-act="/citations?hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&view_op=list_works"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="900" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cod" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi gsc_cod_lc" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cod-t" data-cid="gsc_cods_res" data-wfc="gsc_md_cod-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cod-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cod" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cod-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"><span id="gsc_cod_t"><span id="gsc_cod_tadd">Add co-authors</span><span id="gsc_cod_tedit">Co-authors</span><a id="gsc_cod_trev" href="javascript:void(0)" data-txt="Review" data-lim="Limit reached"></a></span></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gsc_cod_done" aria-label="Add co-authors" disabled class="gs_btnDNW gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cod-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><div id="gsc_cods_urls" class="gsc_cods_hide" data-ls="" data-lc="/citations?view_op=list_colleagues&hl=en&json=&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ" data-sa=""></div><form id="gsc_cods_save" action="" method="POST"><input type="hidden" name="colleague_add"><input type="hidden" name="colleague_del"></form><div id="gsc_cods_res"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="800" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gs_md_cita-d-t" data-cid="gs_md_cita-l" data-wfc="gs_md_cita-d-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_md_cita-d-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gs_md_cita-d-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gs_md_cita-b-save" aria-label="Save" class="gs_btnDNW gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gs_md_cita-d-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gs_md_cita-d{width:90%;max-width:1000px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_md_cita-d{width:100%;max-width:none;}#gs_md_cita-d .gs_md_prg{min-height:600px;}</style><div id="gs_md_cita-l" aria-live="assertive"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="0" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_fol" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_fol-t" data-wfc="gsc_md_fol-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_fol-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_fol" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_fol-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Follow</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_fol-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><form method="post" id="gsc_fol_f" action="/citations?hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&view_op=list_works"><input type="hidden" name="xsrf" value="ADIE8skAAAAAZ0QgDQhkhmieuhwGOOgY-014BFA"><input type="hidden" name="user" value="smkK3i8AAAAJ"><div id="gsc_fol_inp"></div><div id="gsc_fol_cb"><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_a" role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" data-s="0" class="gs_cb_gen gs_in_cb"><span class="gs_lbl">New articles by this author</span><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></a></div><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_c" role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" data-s="0" class="gs_cb_gen gs_in_cb"><span class="gs_lbl">New citations to this author</span><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></a></div><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_r" role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" data-s="0" class="gs_cb_gen gs_in_cb"><span class="gs_lbl">New articles related to this author's research</span><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></a></div></div><div id="gsc_fol_email"><label id="gsc_fol_ml" for="gsc_fol_m">Email address for updates</label><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="email_for_op" value="" id="gsc_fol_m" maxlength="100" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div></div><div class="gs_md_btns"><button type="submit" id="gsc_fol_b" disabled class=" gs_btn_act gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">Done</span></span></button></div></form></div></div></div><div id="gs_hdr_drw" class="gs_md_ulr gs_md_ds" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" data-shd="gs_hdr_drs" data-wfc="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" data-cfc="gs_hdr_mnu"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_in"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_top"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_drw" aria-label="Options" class="gs_btnMNT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><a id="gs_hdr_drw_lgo" href="/schhp?hl=en" aria-label="Homepage"></a></div><div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/citations?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnPRO gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My profile</span></a><a href="/scholar?scilib=1&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnL gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My library</span></a><a href="/citations?view_op=metrics_intro&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnJ 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href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_mnu" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_drw" class="gs_btnMNT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><a id="gs_hdr_lgo" class="" href="/schhp?hl=en" aria-label="Homepage"></a><div id="gs_hdr_md"><div id="gs_hdr_srch"><form id="gs_hdr_frm" action="/citations"><input type=hidden name="view_op" value="search_authors"><input type=hidden name="hl" value="en"><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="mauthors" value="" id="gs_hdr_tsi" placeholder="Search profiles" size="50" maxlength="2048" autocapitalize="off" aria-label="Search"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div><span id="gs_hdr_tsc"><span class="gs_ico gs_ico_X"></span></span><button type="submit" id="gs_hdr_tsb" name="btnG" aria-label="Search" class="gs_btnG gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></form></div></div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_sre" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_frm" aria-label="Search" class="gs_btnTSB gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><div id="gs_hdr_act"><a id="gs_hdr_act_s" href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.com/schhp%3Fhl%3Den">Sign in</a></div></div><style>#gs_alrt{position:fixed;bottom:48px;left:16px;max-width:384px;z-index:1250;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#e2e2e2;background:#333;text-align:left;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);visibility:hidden;transform-origin:center;transform:scale(0.8,0.8) translate(0,100%);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt{bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;max-width:none;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,100%);}#gs_alrt.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,0);}#gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .067s;}#gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .084s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .084s;}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .1s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}#gs_alrt_m{display:block;padding:16px;}#gs_alrt_l{display:block;padding:8px;margin:0 8px 0 -8px;border-radius:3px;color:#fcc934;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;}#gs_alrt_l:hover{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.05)}#gs_alrt_l:active{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}#gs_alrt_l:empty{display:none}#gs_alrt_m a{padding:8px 0;color:#e2e2e2;text-decoration:underline;}#gs_alrt_m a:active{color:#f6aea9}</style><form action="" method="post" id="gs_alrt"><span id="gs_alrt_m"></span><span id="gs_alrt_h"></span><a id="gs_alrt_l" href="javascript:void(0)" class="gs_fm_s" data-fm="gs_alrt"></a></form><div id="gs_bdy"><div id="gs_bdy_sb" role="navigation"><div id="gs_bdy_sb_in"></div></div><div id="gs_bdy_ccl" role="main"><div id="gsc_bdy" class="gs_scl" data-tab="gsc_prf_t-art" data-usv=""><div class="gsc_rsb" role="navigation"><a id="gsc_rsb_gpl" class="gsc_rsb_s" href="/citations?hl=en">Get my own profile</a><div class="gsc_rsb_s gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_rsb_cit" role="region" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-cit"><h3 class="gsc_rsb_header"><span class="gsc_rsb_title">Cited by</span><button type="button" id="gsc_hist_opn" class=" gs_btn_flat gs_btn_flact gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu gsc_rsb_action"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">View all</span></span></button></h3><table id="gsc_rsb_st"><thead><tr><th class="gsc_rsb_sth"></th><th class="gsc_rsb_sth">All</th><th class="gsc_rsb_sth">Since 2019</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="This is the number of citations to all publications. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of new citations in the last 5 years to all publications.">Citations</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">46146</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">9225</td></tr><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="h-index is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h new citations in the last 5 years.">h-index</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">76</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">46</td></tr><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="i10-index is the number of publications with at least 10 citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of publications that have received at least 10 new citations in the last 5 years.">i10-index</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">120</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">88</td></tr></tbody></table><style>.gsc_g_t{position:absolute;bottom:0;color:#777;font-size:11px;}.gsc_g_a{position:absolute;bottom:13px;width:15px;background:#777;}.gsc_g_a:hover,.gsc_g_a:focus,.gsc_g_a:active{text-decoration:none;cursor:default;}.gsc_g_al{position:absolute;bottom:15px;left:7px;color:#222;background:white;font-size:11px;padding:1px;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1px;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;}.gsc_g_a:hover .gsc_g_al,.gsc_g_a:focus .gsc_g_al,.gsc_g_a:active .gsc_g_al{visibility:visible;opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}#gsc_md_hist{max-width:1030px;}.gsc_md_hist_w{position:relative;overflow:hidden;margin-right:43px;}.gs_md_bdy .gsc_md_hist_w,.gs_el_ph .gsc_md_hist_w,.gs_el_ta .gsc_md_hist_w{overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:16px;}.gsc_md_hist_b{position:relative;height:174px;width:100%;}.gsc_md_hist_b .gsc_g_a{bottom:auto;}.gsc_md_hist_b .gsc_g_t{bottom:auto;top:161px;}.gsc_md_hist_b:after{position:absolute;right:984px;content:"\00A0";}.gsc_g_hist_x{position:relative;margin-right:45px;}.gsc_g_hist_xl{position:absolute;right:8px;width:35px;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_g_hist_xl,.gs_el_ph .gsc_g_hist_xl{right:16px;}.gsc_g_hist_wrp{padding-top:32px;position:relative;}.gs_el_ta .gsc_g_hist_wrp,.gs_el_ph .gsc_g_hist_wrp{padding-right:8px;}.gs_md_bdy .gsc_g_hist_wrp{border-top:0;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_bdy .gsc_g_hist_wrp:after,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gsc_g_hist_wrp:after,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ta .gsc_g_hist_wrp:after{display:block;content:"";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:0;left:0;width:20px;height:100%;background-image:linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),rgba(255,255,255,1) 80%);}.gsc_g_x,.gsc_g_xt{position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;width:100%;text-align:right;}.gsc_g_x{border-bottom:1px solid #eee;}.gsc_g_xtl{position:absolute;color:#777;}.gsc_g_gtr{position:absolute;}.gsc_g_a:last-child .gsc_g_al{right:0;left:auto;}</style><div class="gsc_g_hist_wrp" dir="rtl"><div class="gsc_g_hist_x"><div class="gsc_g_x" style="top:160px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:0px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:80px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:120px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:40px;"></div></div><div class="gsc_g_hist_xl"><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:153px;">0</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:-7px;">2100</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:73px;">1050</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:113px;">525</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:33px;">1575</div></div><div class="gsc_md_hist_w"><div class="gsc_md_hist_b"><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:931px">1995</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:899px">1996</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:867px">1997</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:835px">1998</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:803px">1999</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:771px">2000</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:739px">2001</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:707px">2002</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:675px">2003</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:643px">2004</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:611px">2005</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:579px">2006</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:547px">2007</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:515px">2008</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:483px">2009</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:451px">2010</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:419px">2011</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:387px">2012</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:355px">2013</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:323px">2014</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:291px">2015</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:259px">2016</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:227px">2017</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:195px">2018</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:163px">2019</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:131px">2020</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:99px">2021</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:67px">2022</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:35px">2023</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:3px">2024</span><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:936px;top:149px;height:11px;z-index:30"><span class="gsc_g_al">154</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:904px;top:129px;height:31px;z-index:29"><span class="gsc_g_al">407</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:872px;top:110px;height:50px;z-index:28"><span class="gsc_g_al">665</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:840px;top:89px;height:71px;z-index:27"><span class="gsc_g_al">937</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:808px;top:72px;height:88px;z-index:26"><span class="gsc_g_al">1161</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:776px;top:68px;height:92px;z-index:25"><span class="gsc_g_al">1216</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:744px;top:47px;height:113px;z-index:24"><span class="gsc_g_al">1496</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:712px;top:23px;height:137px;z-index:23"><span class="gsc_g_al">1800</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:680px;top:29px;height:131px;z-index:22"><span class="gsc_g_al">1723</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:648px;top:25px;height:135px;z-index:21"><span class="gsc_g_al">1774</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:616px;top:19px;height:141px;z-index:20"><span class="gsc_g_al">1855</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:584px;top:28px;height:132px;z-index:19"><span class="gsc_g_al">1743</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:552px;top:14px;height:146px;z-index:18"><span class="gsc_g_al">1927</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:520px;top:1px;height:159px;z-index:17"><span class="gsc_g_al">2091</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:488px;top:16px;height:144px;z-index:16"><span class="gsc_g_al">1899</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:456px;top:10px;height:150px;z-index:15"><span class="gsc_g_al">1974</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:424px;top:30px;height:130px;z-index:14"><span class="gsc_g_al">1713</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:392px;top:13px;height:147px;z-index:13"><span class="gsc_g_al">1931</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:360px;top:23px;height:137px;z-index:12"><span class="gsc_g_al">1804</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:328px;top:33px;height:127px;z-index:11"><span class="gsc_g_al">1667</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:296px;top:41px;height:119px;z-index:10"><span class="gsc_g_al">1571</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:264px;top:26px;height:134px;z-index:9"><span class="gsc_g_al">1762</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:232px;top:42px;height:118px;z-index:8"><span class="gsc_g_al">1553</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:200px;top:46px;height:114px;z-index:7"><span class="gsc_g_al">1506</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:168px;top:42px;height:118px;z-index:6"><span class="gsc_g_al">1557</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:136px;top:50px;height:110px;z-index:5"><span class="gsc_g_al">1456</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:104px;top:44px;height:116px;z-index:4"><span class="gsc_g_al">1530</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:72px;top:45px;height:115px;z-index:3"><span class="gsc_g_al">1511</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:40px;top:38px;height:122px;z-index:2"><span class="gsc_g_al">1605</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:8px;top:41px;height:119px;z-index:1"><span class="gsc_g_al">1566</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_s gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_rsb_mnd" role="region" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-mnd"><div class="gsc_rsb_header gsc_rsb_m_header"><div class="gsc_rsb_m_title">Public access</div><a href="/citations?view_op=list_mandates&hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ" id="gsc_lwp_mndt_lnk">View all</a></div><div class="gsc_rsb_hm gs_ota gs_oph"><button type="button" onclick="window.location='/citations?view_op\x3dlist_mandates\x26hl\x3den\x26user\x3dsmkK3i8AAAAJ'" class=" gs_btn_flat gs_btn_flact gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">View all</span></span></button></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m"><div class="gsc_rsb_m_a"><span>18 articles</span></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_na"><div class="gs_gray">0 articles</div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_bar"><div class="gsc_rsb_m_bar_na" style="width:0%"></div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_a"><span>available</span></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_na"><span class="gs_gray">not available</span></div><div class="gsc_rsb_m_desc">Based on funding mandates</div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_lcl" role="main" id="gsc_prf_w"><div id="gsc_prf"><a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" id="gsc_prf_btnf" class="gsc_prf_btn gsc_prf_btn_top gs_btnFA gsc_prf_btn_act"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gsc_prf_btn_lbl">Follow</span></a><div id="gsc_prf_pu"><div id="gsc_prf_pua" class="gs_rimg"><style>#gsc_prf_pup-img{width:97px;height:128px;}@media print{#gs_top #gsc_prf_pup-img{width:60pt;height:80pt;}}</style><img alt="Eric Cornell" sizes="print 60px,97px" src="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citpid=1" id="gsc_prf_pup-img" srcset="https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citpid=1 97w,https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/citations?view_op=medium_photo&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citpid=1 194w"></div></div><div id="gsc_prf_i"><div id="gsc_prf_inw"><div id="gsc_prf_in">Eric Cornell</div></div><div class="gsc_prf_il">JILA Fellow and Adjoint Professor of Physics, <a href="/citations?view_op=view_org&hl=en&org=10680603084482565841" class="gsc_prf_ila">University of Colorado</a> and NIST</div><div class="gsc_prf_il" id="gsc_prf_ivh">Verified email at jila.colorado.edu - <a href="http://jilawww.colorado.edu/bec/CornellGroup/" rel="nofollow" class="gsc_prf_ila">Homepage</a></div><div class="gsc_prf_il" id="gsc_prf_int"><a href="/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:amo_physics" class="gsc_prf_inta gs_ibl">AMO physics</a><a href="/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:precision_metrology" class="gsc_prf_inta gs_ibl">precision metrology</a><a href="/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:ultracold_atoms" class="gsc_prf_inta gs_ibl">ultracold atoms</a></div></div></div></div><div id="gsc_prf_t_wrp" role="navigation"><div id="gsc_prf_t" role="tablist"><a id="gsc_prf_t-art" class="gsc_prf_tab" href="javascript:void(0)" role=tab aria-controls="gsc_art" aria-selected="true">Articles</a><a id="gsc_prf_t-cit" class="gsc_prf_tab" href="javascript:void(0)" role="tab" aria-controls="gsc_rsb_cit">Cited by</a><a id="gsc_prf_t-mnd" class="gsc_prf_tab" href="javascript:void(0)" role="tab" aria-controls="gsc_rsb_mnd">Public access</a></div></div><div class="gsc_lcl gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_art" 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href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=smkK3i8AAAAJ:ipzZ9siozwsC" class="gsc_a_at">Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor</a><div class="gs_gray">MH Anderson, JR Ensher, MR Matthews, CE Wieman, EA Cornell</div><div class="gs_gray">science 269 (5221), 198-201<span class="gs_oph">, 1995</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=10087780088030827615,10092953175012197183" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">12326</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">1995</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=smkK3i8AAAAJ:xtRiw3GOFMkC" class="gsc_a_at">Vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate</a><div class="gs_gray">MR Matthews, BP Anderson, PC Haljan, DS Hall, CE Wieman, EA Cornell</div><div class="gs_gray">Physical Review Letters 83 (13), 2498<span class="gs_oph">, 1999</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=8446670388829700921" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">2538</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">1999</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=smkK3i8AAAAJ:wbdj-CoPYUoC" class="gsc_a_at">Production of two overlapping Bose-Einstein condensates by sympathetic cooling</a><div class="gs_gray">CJ Myatt, EA Burt, RW Ghrist, EA Cornell, CE Wieman</div><div class="gs_gray">Physical Review Letters 78 (4), 586<span class="gs_oph">, 1997</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=1973512770073701578" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">1760</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">1997</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=smkK3i8AAAAJ:blknAaTinKkC" class="gsc_a_at">Nobel Lecture: Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute gas, the first 70 years and some recent experiments</a><div class="gs_gray">EA Cornell, CE Wieman</div><div class="gs_gray">Reviews of Modern Physics 74 (3), 875<span class="gs_oph">, 2002</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=7793840250337114421" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">1420</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2002</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=smkK3i8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=smkK3i8AAAAJ:mB3voiENLucC" class="gsc_a_at">Stable <svg class="gs_fsvg" aria-label="85Rb" width="36px" height="14px" style="vertical-align:-1px;"><g transform="matrix(0.01700, 0.00000, 0.00000, 0.01700, 0.00000, 14.07077)"><g><g><g><g><g transform="translate(0.00000, -362.89200)"><g><path transform="scale(0.34180, -0.34180)" d="M 111 315 Q 111 444 199 538 T 420 688 L 350 729 Q 271 776 222 851 T 174 1014 Q 174 1117 234 1196 T 388 1318 T 582 1360 Q 676 1360 770 1326 T 927 1221 T 989 1053 Q 989 947 917 870 T 735 741 L 852 672 Q 909 639 955 589 T 1027 479 T 1053 350 Q 1053 232 984 143 T 806 6 T 582 -41 Q 469 -41 361 -1 T 182 120 T 111 315 Z M 242 315 Q 242 231 291 166 T 419 67 T 582 33 Q 710 33 816 96 T 922 279 Q 922 338 884 390 T 795 471 L 496 645 Q 426 613 368 564 T 276 453 T 242 315 Z M 395 938 L 664 782 Q 754 829 813 897 T 872 1053 Q 872 1123 829 1178 T 719 1263 T 582 1292 Q 517 1292 450 1271 T 337 1205 T 291 1092 Q 291 1000 395 938 Z "/><path transform="matrix(0.34180, 0.00000, 0.00000, -0.34180, 398.60800, 0.00000)" d="M 227 223 Q 267 136 354 84 T 537 33 Q 643 33 709 85 T 803 221 T 831 412 Q 831 504 815 587 T 748 731 T 606 791 Q 526 791 472 771 T 388 726 T 330 668 T 289 633 H 266 Q 245 638 240 659 V 1337 Q 240 1347 247 1353 T 264 1360 H 272 Q 356 1326 434 1310 T 594 1294 Q 675 1294 754 1310 T 915 1360 H 922 Q 932 1360 939 1353 T 946 1337 V 1317 Q 946 1309 940 1303 Q 860 1211 747 1159 T 514 1108 Q 415 1108 322 1133 V 758 Q 438 856 606 856 Q 724 856 822 794 T 977 630 T 1034 410 Q 1034 313 993 229 T 880 84 T 720 -9 T 539 -41 Q 434 -41 338 7 T 186 140 T 129 332 Q 129 376 160 407 T 236 438 Q 281 438 311 407 T 342 332 Q 342 286 311 254 T 236 223 H 227 Z "/></g></g></g></g></g><g transform="translate(797.21600, 0.00000)"><path transform="scale(0.48828, -0.48828)" d="M 68 0 V 72 Q 279 72 279 137 V 1262 Q 279 1327 68 1327 V 1399 H 711 Q 826 1399 952 1357 T 1164 1231 T 1249 1028 Q 1249 942 1197 874 T 1065 761 T 901 696 Q 993 664 1062 594 T 1145 434 L 1174 252 Q 1194 129 1216 68 T 1313 8 Q 1377 8 1408 67 T 1440 197 Q 1440 204 1446 209 T 1460 215 H 1479 Q 1499 215 1499 188 Q 1499 132 1477 78 T 1413 -10 T 1315 -45 Q 1167 -45 1060 28 T 954 244 V 426 Q 954 528 883 601 T 709 674 H 463 V 137 Q 463 72 674 72 V 0 H 68 Z M 463 727 H 682 Q 852 727 941 795 T 1030 1028 Q 1030 1191 942 1259 T 682 1327 H 567 Q 530 1327 509 1324 T 476 1306 T 463 1262 V 727 Z "/><path transform="matrix(0.48828, 0.00000, 0.00000, -0.48828, 736.10999, 0.00000)" d="M 213 0 V 1212 Q 213 1267 196 1291 T 149 1321 T 53 1327 V 1399 L 356 1421 V 780 Q 390 818 435 846 T 533 890 T 639 905 Q 731 905 809 868 T 946 766 T 1036 616 T 1069 442 Q 1069 318 1008 211 T 843 40 T 614 -23 Q 536 -23 463 17 T 342 123 L 272 0 H 213 Z M 362 201 Q 396 126 460 78 T 602 31 Q 708 31 773 92 T 865 246 T 891 442 Q 891 615 846 705 Q 826 745 791 779 T 714 832 T 625 852 Q 543 852 473 808 T 362 692 V 201 Z "/></g></g></g></svg> Bose-Einstein Condensates with Widely Tunable Interactions</a><div class="gs_gray">SL Cornish, NR Claussen, JL Roberts, EA Cornell, CE Wieman</div><div class="gs_gray">Physical Review Letters 85 (9), 1795<span class="gs_oph">, 2000</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=15282953996757671512" 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279 Q 922 338 884 390 T 795 471 L 496 645 Q 426 613 368 564 T 276 453 T 242 315 Z M 395 938 L 664 782 Q 754 829 813 897 T 872 1053 Q 872 1123 829 1178 T 719 1263 T 582 1292 Q 517 1292 450 1271 T 337 1205 T 291 1092 Q 291 1000 395 938 Z "/><path transform="matrix(0.34180, 0.00000, 0.00000, -0.34180, 398.60800, 0.00000)" d="M 227 223 Q 267 136 354 84 T 537 33 Q 643 33 709 85 T 803 221 T 831 412 Q 831 504 815 587 T 748 731 T 606 791 Q 526 791 472 771 T 388 726 T 330 668 T 289 633 H 266 Q 245 638 240 659 V 1337 Q 240 1347 247 1353 T 264 1360 H 272 Q 356 1326 434 1310 T 594 1294 Q 675 1294 754 1310 T 915 1360 H 922 Q 932 1360 939 1353 T 946 1337 V 1317 Q 946 1309 940 1303 Q 860 1211 747 1159 T 514 1108 Q 415 1108 322 1133 V 758 Q 438 856 606 856 Q 724 856 822 794 T 977 630 T 1034 410 Q 1034 313 993 229 T 880 84 T 720 -9 T 539 -41 Q 434 -41 338 7 T 186 140 T 129 332 Q 129 376 160 407 T 236 438 Q 281 438 311 407 T 342 332 Q 342 286 311 254 T 236 223 H 227 Z "/></g></g><g transform="translate(0.00000, 247.21700)"></g></g></g><g transform="translate(797.21600, 0.00000)"><g><g transform="translate(0.00000, 247.21700)"></g></g></g><g transform="translate(847.21600, 0.00000)"><path transform="scale(0.48828, -0.48828)" d="M 100 0 Q 80 0 80 27 Q 81 32 84 44 T 92 64 T 106 72 Q 231 72 281 86 Q 307 95 319 141 L 600 1266 Q 604 1286 604 1294 Q 604 1316 580 1319 Q 541 1327 432 1327 Q 412 1327 412 1354 Q 413 1359 416 1371 T 424 1391 T 438 1399 H 1059 Q 1133 1399 1213 1382 T 1360 1328 T 1470 1231 T 1513 1090 Q 1513 987 1445 906 T 1273 770 T 1071 694 Q 1151 665 1202 601 T 1253 455 Q 1253 444 1252 438 T 1251 426 L 1235 244 Q 1233 204 1231 176 T 1229 131 Q 1229 75 1245 41 T 1311 8 Q 1375 8 1423 67 T 1487 197 Q 1496 215 1507 215 H 1526 Q 1546 215 1546 188 Q 1531 129 1498 76 T 1416 -11 T 1309 -45 Q 1189 -45 1104 8 T 1020 176 Q 1020 219 1028 252 L 1073 434 Q 1081 459 1081 492 Q 1081 577 1023 625 T 879 674 H 627 L 492 133 Q 487 116 487 104 Q 487 83 512 80 Q 551 72 659 72 Q 680 72 680 45 Q 673 16 669 8 T 645 0 H 100 Z M 639 727 H 866 Q 1089 727 1202 840 Q 1254 892 1284 972 T 1315 1133 Q 1315 1209 1270 1252 T 1160 1311 T 1016 1327 H 879 Q 823 1327 805 1317 T 772 1257 L 639 727 Z "/></g></g></g></g><path transform="matrix(0.48828, 0.00000, 0.00000, -0.48828, 1614.22205, 0.00000)" d="M 354 -23 Q 230 -23 161 74 T 92 301 Q 92 320 101 375 T 111 444 L 309 1239 Q 317 1274 319 1294 Q 319 1327 186 1327 Q 166 1327 166 1354 Q 167 1359 170 1372 T 179 1392 T 195 1399 L 471 1421 Q 496 1421 496 1395 L 344 791 Q 460 905 578 905 Q 665 905 727 859 T 821 738 T 852 578 Q 852 479 813 373 T 707 177 T 548 32 T 354 -23 Z M 358 31 Q 428 31 489 89 T 588 221 Q 629 303 664 443 T 700 668 Q 700 741 669 796 T 573 852 Q 499 852 431 797 T 313 668 L 256 436 Q 223 307 221 229 Q 221 152 254 91 T 358 31 Z "/></g></g></svg></a><div class="gs_gray">JL Roberts, NR Claussen, JP Burke Jr, CH Greene, EA Cornell, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Physical Review Letters 81 (23), 5109<span 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