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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Мазмуну</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башына кайтуу</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Колдонулган_адабияттар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Колдонулган_адабияттар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Колдонулган адабияттар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Колдонулган_адабияттар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмуну" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Падыша</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Башка тилдеги макалага өтүү. 92 тилде жеткиликтүү" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 тил</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – африкаанча" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – немисче (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="немисче (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تسار – арабча" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تسار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تسار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – астурийче" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ar" title="Çar – азербайжанча" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تزار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تزار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – беларусча" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – болгарча" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জার – бангладешче" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бангладешче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – боснийче" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – каталончо" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – чехче" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Патша – чувашча" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патша" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – датча" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – немисче" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τσάρος – грекче" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσάρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – англисче" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caro" title="Caro – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Caro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – испанча" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – эстончо" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – баскча" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تزار – фарсча" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaari" title="Tsaari – финче" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tsaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – французча" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – батыш фризче" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыш фризче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – шотладиялык гелча" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотладиялык гелча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – галисияча" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%A8" title="צאר – ивритче" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ивритче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="त्सार – хиндиче" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्सार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хиндиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – хорватча" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1r" title="Cár – венгерче" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ցար – армянча" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – индонезияча" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caro" title="Caro – идочо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Caro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – италиянча" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA" title="ツァーリ – жапончо" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツァーリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – жаванизче" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="жаванизче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცარი – грузинче" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Патша – казакча" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Патша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%A5%B4" title="차르 – корейче" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ar" title="Çar – курдча" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzar" title="Tzar – латынча" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tzar" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caras" title="Caras – литовчо" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Caras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовчо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cars" title="Cars – латышча" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Царсь – мокшача" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Царсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – македончо" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="സാർ – малайаламча" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малайаламча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Царь – монголчо" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Царь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголчо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="झार – маратиче" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – малайча" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تزار – мазандераниче" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تزار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандераниче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="जार – непалча" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – голландча" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – норвежче (нинорск)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежче (нинорск)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – норвежче (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежче (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzar" title="Tzar – окситанча" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tzar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – полякча" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полякча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="زار روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زار روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τσάρος – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τσάρος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czar" title="Czar – португалча" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Czar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aar" title="Țar – румынча" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Царь – орусча" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Царь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Царь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – сицилийче" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – шотландча" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – серб-хорват" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1r" title="Cár – словакча" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – словенче" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari" title="Cari – албанча" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Cari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – сербче" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – шведче" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – суахиличе" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахиличе" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ซาร์ – тайча" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ar" title="Çar – түркчө" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түркчө" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Патша – татарча" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патша" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – украинче" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زار – урдуча" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урдуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar" title="Sar – өзбекче" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa_ho%C3%A0ng" title="Sa hoàng – вьетнамча" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sa hoàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – варайча" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" title="沙皇 – "У" диалектинде (Кытай)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="沙皇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name=""У" диалектинде (Кытай)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" title="沙皇 – кытайча" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙皇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa-h%C3%B4ng" title="Sa-hông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sa-hông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" title="沙皇 – кантончо" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙皇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44356#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка тилдерге шилтемени түзөтүү" class="wbc-editpage">Шилтемелерди түзөтүү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Аталыш мейкиндиктери"> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Бул баракты түзөтүү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Түзөтүү</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Барактын кодун түзөтүү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Булагын түзөтүү</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0&action=history" title="Барактын тарыхы [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Тарыхын кароо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Аспап кутусу" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ky" dir="ltr"><p><b>Падыша</b>, бадыша, пааша, шаа — <a href="/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%C2%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="«Манас» эпосу">«Манас» эпосунда</a> бийлик титулу жана ушундай титулу бар каармандарга карата айтылган эпитет. Бул термин кыргыздар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орто Азия">Орто Азия</a>га келгенден кийин гана коңшу элдерден кабыл алынып «кан» деген титулга синоним катарында колдонула баштаган. П. титулу <a href="/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%C2%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="«Манас» эпосу">«Манас» эпосуна</a> кирип, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Манас баатыр">Манаска</a> титулдук эпитет маанисинде көркөм каражат милдетин аткарып калган. Бирок, тарыхый болгон феодалдык П-лардын коомдук абалы менен эпостордун башкы каармандарынын ушул аракеттерин салыштырып караганда алардын ортосунда идеялык жалпылык болбогондугу айкын көрүнөт. Ал эми <a href="/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%C2%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="«Манас» эпосу">«Манас» эпосунда</a> «кан» деген титулдук эпитет кандай мааниде колдонулуп, кандай эпикалык милдет аткарып турса П. «султан», «төрө» деген титулдук наамдарды да ошол эле мааниде кабыл алып, алар аркылуу <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Манас баатыр">Манас</a> баатырдын мамлекет тибине биригип, баш кошкон кыргыз элинин улугу, эң жогорку башкаруучу абалы атайын белгиленет. Бирок, эпосто идеалдаштырылган анын бөтөнчө, артыкчылык абалы башкача айтканда падышалык титул жалаң <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Манас баатыр">Манаска</a> таандык деген түшүнүк берилбейт. П. титулу мүнөздөмө эпитет маанисинде Манастан башка негизги оң, терс каармандарга карата сейрек болсо да колдонулат. Мисалы, кытай кандарынын башкы каны — Эсенкан «Падышадан үч кайта Келген киши жоголду» (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сагымбай Орозбак уулу (Орозбаков) (мындай барак жок)">Сагымбай Орозбаков,</a> 2. 13), «Кетте пааша Алооке» (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сагымбай Орозбак уулу (Орозбаков) (мындай барак жок)">Сагымбай Орозбаков,</a> 2. 170), — деп эпостун поэтикалык стилине ылайык бадыша, пааша, шаа формасында айтылган бул титулдук эпитеттин мааниси каармандардын индивидуалдуулук, типтик өзгөчөлүк, образдагы орчундуу белгини так ачып берүү мүмкүнчүлүгү менен байланышкан. Демек, <a href="/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%C2%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="«Манас» эпосу">«Манас» эпосунун</a> башкы жана негизги оң, терс каармандарына карата колдонулган П. эпитети ал каармандардын өзгөчө бир белгисин тактоо аркылуу алардын образынын таамай мүнөздөлүшү үчүн шарт түзүү өзгөчөлүгүнө ээ титулдук эпитеттин бири. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Колдонулган_адабияттар"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Колдонулган адабияттар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Колдонулган адабияттар‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Колдонулган адабияттар"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%22%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%22_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title=""Манас" энциклопедиясы">"Манас" энциклопедиясы</a>/Мамлекеттик тил жана энциклопедия борбору. Бишкек: Кыргыз энциклопедиясынын Башкы редакциясы, - 1995. 1-т. - 440 б. 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