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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Academische loopbaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academische_loopbaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transhumanisme_en_windturbines_met_waterstof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transhumanisme_en_windturbines_met_waterstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Transhumanisme en windturbines met waterstof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transhumanisme_en_windturbines_met_waterstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erkenning" 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Burdon Sanderson Haldane</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 44 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جون هولدين – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون هولدين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جون هولدين – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون هولدين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جان هالدین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان هالدین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Холдейн – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Холдейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8._%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="জে. বি. এস. হ্যালডেন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জে. বি. এস. হ্যালডেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="J. B. S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="J. B. S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="J. B. S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جان هالدین – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان هالدین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="J. B. S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="J. B. S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ג'ון הלדיין – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון הלדיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="J. B. S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.B.S._Haldane" title="J.B.S. Haldane – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="J.B.S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E3%83%BBB%E3%83%BBS%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" title="J・B・S・ホールデン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="J・B・S・ホールデン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ ბერდონ სარდენსონ ჰოლდეინი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ ბერდონ სარდენსონ ჰოლდეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86._%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF._%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D._%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೆ. ಬಿ. ಎಸ್. ಹಾಲ್ಡೇನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆ. ಬಿ. ಎಸ್. ಹಾಲ್ಡೇನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%B2%84%EB%93%A0_%EC%83%8C%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A8_%ED%99%80%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B8" title="존 버든 샌더슨 홀데인 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 버든 샌더슨 홀데인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86.%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D._%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BB" title="ജെ.ബി.എസ്. ഹാൽഡേൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെ.ബി.എസ്. ഹാൽഡേൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျွန် ဘာဒန် ဆန်ဒါဆန် ဟောလဒိန်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျွန် ဘာဒန် ဆန်ဒါဆန် ဟောလဒိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.B.S._Haldane" title="J.B.S. Haldane – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="J.B.S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87._%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF._%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%B8._%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜେ. ବି. ଏସ. ହାଲଡେନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜେ. ବି. ଏସ. ହାଲଡେନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B.S._Haldane" title="John B.S. Haldane – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John B.S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%89%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جان هالډین – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جان هالډین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="J. B. S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Холдейн, Джон Бёрдон Сандерсон – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холдейн, Джон Бёрдон Сандерсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जे बि एस् हाल्डेन् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जे बि एस् हाल्डेन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.B.S._Haldane" title="J.B.S. Haldane – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="J.B.S. Haldane" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane" title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Burdon Sanderson Haldane" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.B.S._Haldane" title="J.B.S. Haldane – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="J.B.S. 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text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">John Burdon Sanderson Haldane </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:JBS_Haldane,_circa_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="J.B.S. Haldane in 1914." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/JBS_Haldane%2C_circa_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="265" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="265" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">J.B.S. Haldane in 1914.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Algemene informatie </th></tr> <tr> <th>Volledige naam </th> <td colspan="2">John Burdon Sanderson Haldane </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboren </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/5_november" title="5 november">5 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oxford_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Oxford (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Oxford</a> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van het Verenigd Koninkrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigd Koninkrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overleden </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1_december" title="1 december">1 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>, <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van India"><img alt="Vlag van India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Beroep(en) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">geneticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolutiebiologie" title="Evolutiebiologie">evolutiebioloog</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bekend van </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Moderne_synthese" title="Moderne synthese">moderne synthese</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John Burdon Sanderson Haldane</b> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Oxford (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_november" title="5 november">5 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_december" title="1 december">1 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engels</a>-<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiaas</a> <a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">geneticus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Evolutiebiologie" title="Evolutiebiologie">evolutiebioloog</a>. Hij was samen met <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a> een van de grondleggers van de <a href="/wiki/Populatiegenetica" title="Populatiegenetica">populatiegenetica</a>. </p><p>Haldane liet zich aanspreken met <i>Jack</i>, maar gebruikte <i>J.B.S.</i> standaard als <a href="/wiki/Pseudoniem" title="Pseudoniem">auteursnaam</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academische_loopbaan">Academische loopbaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Academische loopbaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Academische loopbaan"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Marcello_Siniscalco_(standing)_and_J.B.S._Haldane_in_Andra_Pradesh,_India,_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Marcello_Siniscalco_%28standing%29_and_J.B.S._Haldane_in_Andra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_1964.jpg/260px-Marcello_Siniscalco_%28standing%29_and_J.B.S._Haldane_in_Andra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Marcello_Siniscalco_%28standing%29_and_J.B.S._Haldane_in_Andra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_1964.jpg/390px-Marcello_Siniscalco_%28standing%29_and_J.B.S._Haldane_in_Andra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Marcello_Siniscalco_%28standing%29_and_J.B.S._Haldane_in_Andra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_1964.jpg/520px-Marcello_Siniscalco_%28standing%29_and_J.B.S._Haldane_in_Andra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="3232" /></a><figcaption>Haldane (zittend) met <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcello_Siniscalco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcello Siniscalco (de pagina bestaat niet)">Marcello Siniscalco</a> (staand) in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> in 1964.</figcaption></figure> <p>Haldane werkte tussen 1919 en 1922 op het <i>New College</i> van de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Universiteit van Oxford</a> (waar hij zelf studeerde) voor hij overstapte naar het <i>Trinity College</i> van de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Cambridge" title="Universiteit van Cambridge">Universiteit van Cambridge</a>, waar hij <i>reader</i> werd (een functie tussen <a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">lector</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hoogleraar" title="Hoogleraar">hoogleraar</a>). Daar bleef hij negen jaar aan om er onderzoek te doen naar <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzymen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">genetica</a>. </p><p>Haldane werd vervolgens hoogleraar genetica aan het <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Londen" title="Universiteit van Londen">Universiteit van Londen</a> en later hoogleraar <a href="/wiki/Biometrie" title="Biometrie">biometrie</a>. Daar zou hij blijven tot hij in 1957 <a href="/wiki/Emigratie" title="Emigratie">emigreerde</a> naar <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> en daar <a href="/wiki/Staatsburger" class="mw-redirect" title="Staatsburger">staatsburger</a> (in 1961) werd. </p><p>Een van Haldanes studenten, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a>, werd later eveneens een grote naam in de <a href="/wiki/Wetenschap" title="Wetenschap">wetenschap</a>. </p><p>Haldane werd vooral bekend door zijn werk op het gebied van de <a href="/wiki/Wiskundig" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiskundig">wiskundige</a> theorie van de <a href="/wiki/Evolutieleer" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutieleer">evolutie</a>. Haldanes bijdragen aan de studie naar de <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">menselijke</a> genetica en de populatiegenetica droegen bij aan wat later de <a href="/wiki/Moderne_synthese" title="Moderne synthese">moderne synthese</a> in de biologie zou gaan heten, het verbinden van de <a href="/wiki/Erfelijkheidsleer" class="mw-redirect" title="Erfelijkheidsleer">erfelijkheidsleer</a>, evolutietheorie en <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">paleontologie</a>. Daarnaast heeft hij belangrijke bijdragen geleverd aan de humane fysiologie. </p><p>Hij verrichtte niet alleen baanbrekend onderzoek, hij stond ook bekend als een begaafd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetenschapspopularisatie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wetenschapspopularisatie (de pagina bestaat niet)">wetenschapspopularisator</a>. Hij gaf bijvoorbeeld een introductie in <i><a href="/wiki/Experiments_in_the_Revival_of_Organisms" title="Experiments in the Revival of Organisms">Experiments in the Revival of Organisms</a></i>, een <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Russische</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_(cinematografie)" title="Film (cinematografie)">film</a> uit 1940. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transhumanisme_en_windturbines_met_waterstof">Transhumanisme en windturbines met waterstof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Transhumanisme en windturbines met waterstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Transhumanisme en windturbines met waterstof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haldane had voor die tijd vergaande opvattingen over manieren om de mens door genetische aanpassingen te verbeteren en kan achteraf als <a href="/wiki/Transhumanisme" title="Transhumanisme">transhumanist</a> worden gezien. Daarnaast lanceerde hij het idee om met windmolens waterstof te produceren <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiek">Politiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Politiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haldane was <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> en <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">marxist</a> en hij was enige tijd lid van de Britse communistische partij<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ook steunde hij de anti-Francostrijders (republikeinen) gedurende de <a href="/wiki/Spaanse_burgeroorlog" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaanse burgeroorlog">Spaanse burgeroorlog</a>. Zijn politieke opvattingen waren in 1957 aanleiding voor hem Engeland te verlaten en naar India te emigreren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erkenning">Erkenning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Erkenning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Erkenning"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haldane werd in 1932 verkozen tot <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> en kreeg in 1952 de <a href="/wiki/Darwin_Medal" title="Darwin Medal">Darwin Medal</a>. Vier jaar later kreeg hij de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huxley_Memorial_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huxley Memorial Medal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Huxley Memorial Medal</a> van het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Anthropological_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Anthropological Institute (de pagina bestaat niet)">Royal Anthropological Institute</a>. Onder zijn overige nationale en internationale erkenningen waren onder meer de Weldon Memorial Prize van de Universiteit van Oxford en de <a href="/wiki/Darwin-Wallace_Medal" title="Darwin-Wallace Medal">Darwin-Wallace Medal</a> in 1958 van de <a href="/wiki/Linnean_Society_of_London" title="Linnean Society of London">Linnean Society of London</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bibliografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Daedalus; or, Science and the Future</i> (1924)</li> <li><i>A Mathematical Theory of Natural and Artificial Selection</i> (1924)</li> <li><i>Callinicus: A Defence of Chemical Warfare</i> (1925)</li> <li><i>The Last Judgment</i> (1927)</li> <li><i>Possible Worlds and Other Essays</i> (1927)</li> <li><i>Animal Biology</i> (1927, met <a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a>)</li> <li><i>Science & Ethics</i> (1928)</li> <li><i>Enzymes</i> (1930)</li> <li><i>The Inequality of Man and Other Essays</i> (1932)</li> <li><i>The Causes of Evolution</i> (1933)</li> <li><i>Science and Human Life</i> (1933)</li> <li><i>Fact and Faith</i> (1934, voor de <a href="/wiki/Thinker%27s_Library" title="Thinker's Library">Thinker's Library</a>)</li> <li><i>Science and the Supernatural: Correspondence with Arnold Lunn</i> (1935)</li> <li><i>My Friend Mr Leakey</i> (1937, op kinderen gericht)</li> <li><i>The Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences</i> (1938)</li> <li><i>Heredity and Politics</i> (1938)</li> <li><i>Science and You</i> (1939)</li> <li><i>Science and Everyday Life</i> (1940)</li> <li><i>Science in Peace and War</i> (1940)</li> <li><i>New Paths in Genetics</i> (1941)</li> <li><i>Science Advances</i> (1947)</li> <li><i>What is Life</i> (1947)</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/JBSHaldane.htm">Vigyanprasar.gov.in - JBS Haldane</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/9013975">9013975</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1265608">XX1265608</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12277889q">cb12277889q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12277889q">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" title="Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519647106706">981058519647106706</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0198535X?l=en">DA0198535X</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119013436">119013436</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121357277">0000 0001 2135 7277</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50018602">n50018602</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=49250">49250</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00522327">00522327</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2004236692&CON_LNG=ENG">mzk2004236692</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36173536">36173536</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462890805171">987007462890805171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000002237589">a0000002237589</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_en_Universitaire_bibliotheek_Zagreb" title="Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb">Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000064778&local_base=nsk10">000064778</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069136149">069136149</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003341655">02-A003341655</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=UFIV044999">UFIV044999</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/250589">250589</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ft8mtc">w6ft8mtc</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031594352">031594352</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1223944">1223944</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61606828">61606828</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/61606828">61606828</a></li></ul></div></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=4107">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-B-S-Haldane">[2]</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721014821/https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-B-S-Haldane">Gearchiveerd</a> op 21 juli 2023.</span> 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