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<li id="toc-Transgender_individuals_in_South_Korean_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transgender_individuals_in_South_Korean_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Transgender individuals in South Korean society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transgender_individuals_in_South_Korean_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resident_Registration_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resident_Registration_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Resident Registration System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resident_Registration_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policies_(Article_92-6)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policies_(Article_92-6)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Policies (Article 92-6)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policies_(Article_92-6)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transgender_individuals_in_the_military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transgender_individuals_in_the_military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Transgender individuals in the military</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transgender_individuals_in_the_military-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transgender individuals in the military subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transgender_individuals_in_the_military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Body_examinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Countries allowing gay personnel to serve"><img alt="Countries allowing gay personnel to serve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg/100px-Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg/150px-Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg/200px-Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="1402" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people_and_military_service" title="Category:LGBTQ people and military service">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people and military service">LGBT people and<br />military service</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>General articles</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_unions_and_military_policy" title="Same-sex unions and military policy">Same-sex unions and military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_military_and_veteran_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT military and veteran organizations">LGBT military and veteran organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender people and military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Intersex people and military service</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>By country</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Australian_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Israeli_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country" title="Sexual orientation and military service by country">LGB service by country</a></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_Canadian_military" title="Sexual orientation and the Canadian military">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_Netherlands" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation in the United States military">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>Trans service by country</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">United States</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_Israeli_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender personnel in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>Intersex service by country</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="Template:LGBT people and military service"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="Template talk:LGBT people and military service"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT people and military service"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The issue of <b>transgender people and military service in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></b> is a complex topic, regarding <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bodily_autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodily autonomy">bodily autonomy</a>. Currently, transgender women are excluded from the military of South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transgender_individuals_in_South_Korean_society">Transgender individuals in South Korean society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Transgender individuals in South Korean society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Transgender self-identification visibly emerged in the 2000s after Korean singer <a href="/wiki/Harisu" title="Harisu">Harisu</a> publicly came out as a transgender woman.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there was a dramatic emergence in the 2000s, transgender identity can be traced back to the 1950s. In earlier history, transgender identity was referred to as <i>yeojangnamja</i>, which translates to "men in women's clothes", and <i>jungseong</i>, which translates to "gender neutral".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resident_Registration_System">Resident Registration System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Resident Registration System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Resident Registration System establishes three parts of a citizen's legal identification: their birthday, place of origin, and gender. Gender is a binary code of 1 and 3, indicating male, or 2 and 4, indicating female.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals who have transitioned can petition to have their number changed.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who are unable to change their legal gender and ID number can face problems, such as finding work and accessing services.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, a court ruled that transgender individuals did not need to have <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery">sex reassignment surgeries</a> to legally change their gender.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, requests by transgender individuals to change their Family Register number to reflect their gender were filed.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, few were actually granted.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously, transgender individuals who wished to legally change their <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a> had to provide proof they were unmarried, did not have minor children, and had parental consent, regardless of their age.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on November 24, 2022, the South Korean Supreme Court ruled that having minor children is no longer a valid reason to deny an individual a legal sex status change.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another step in legal gender change is a medical and psychological examination.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Courts rely almost exclusively on this examination to proceed with the change<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Medical examinations and treatment are not covered by <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a>, and few facilities offer specific treatment for transgender people.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This creates barriers for transgender individuals who do not have enough money to pay for examinations or gender affirming surgery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policies_(Article_92-6)"><span id="Policies_.28Article_92-6.29"></span>Policies (Article 92-6)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Policies (Article 92-6)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Korea does not allow <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_couples" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex couples">same sex couples</a> to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">marry</a> or <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">adopt children</a>, and there are no laws that prevent workplace discrimination or <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crimes</a> against LGBT+ individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the South Korean military criminalizes same-sex relations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Section 6 of Article 92 in the Korean Military Penal Code considers sex acts that occur between two individuals of the same gender to be molestation, even with consent,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is punishable for up to two years.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Korean Constitutional Court reviewed Article 92 in 2002 and 2011 and found its content to be constitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Korean government supports Article 92 in that it maintains discipline among the predominantly male military.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 92-6 does not explicitly reference transgender people. However, this policy has the potential to impact transgender individuals who have yet to have gender reassignment surgery (GRS). For example, a <a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">heterosexual</a> transgender women who hasn't had GRS. </p><p>In 2005, eight soldiers were discharged for being gay.<sup id="cite_ref-booted_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booted-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In cases like these, sexuality is determined by doctor diagnosis and testimony from fellow soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-booted_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booted-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, 32 men were charged with sodomy after military authorities began an investigation to crack down on "homosexual activities" amongst soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included the use of Article 92–6 to sentence two male soldiers who had sex while off-base and off-duty.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in April 2022, the Supreme Court reversed their convictions on the grounds that criminalizing same-sex acts that occur off-base and off-duty would deny the soldiers their "rights to nondiscrimination, equality, dignity... and [pursuit of] happiness."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transgender_individuals_in_the_military">Transgender individuals in the military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transgender individuals in the military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Service in the South Korean military became mandatory for all male citizens in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because South Korea is technically still at war with North Korea, attempts to end mandatory military service continue to be denied.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to cultural <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a> Timothy Gitzen, this is called a "<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> binary."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, men ages 18 to 35 must spend a minimum of 21 months in active duty.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body_examinations">Body examinations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Body examinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At age 19, male citizens have their bodies closely examined by the <a href="/wiki/Military_Manpower_Administration" title="Military Manpower Administration">Military Manpower Administration (MMA)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physical and psychological examination work together to determine how "suitable" an individual is for military service.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the MMA has accused individuals of identifying as transgender in order to evade conscription.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some physicians suspected individuals were claiming to be transgender in order to be exempt from active duty.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reportedly asked these individuals to undergo surgical procedures, such as an <a href="/wiki/Orchiectomy" title="Orchiectomy">orchiectomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Draft Physical Examination in 1978 introduced "sexual perversion," later called "<a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender identity disorder">gender identity disorder</a>," to determine physical and mental disabilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> If trans people have already been examined by medical professionals, they have to provide either a court decision or their entire <a href="/wiki/Physical_examination" title="Physical examination">physical examination</a> report thus far that proves that they are, in fact, transgender.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transgender_women">Transgender women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Transgender women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conscription into the military is determined by the gender code within an individual's Resident Registration Number (RRN).<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transgender women who have not legally changed their RRN will be conscripted into the military to serve as "men".<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the high cost of surgeries, many trans women cannot be exempt by way of legal gender change.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another way to gain exemption from active duty is to be diagnosed with "severe gender identity disorder" by a military doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "disorder" is classified as either mild or severe.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the MMA has previously charged women with identifying as transgender in order to evade conscription, several transgender women report feeling compelled to "undergo irreversible surgeries," such as an <a href="/wiki/Orchiectomy" title="Orchiectomy">orchiectomy</a>, which is the removal of the testicles.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2012 and 2015, 104 transgender women were exempt based on "<a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicle</a> loss" and only 21 transgender women were exempt from service based on gender identity disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trans women serving as "men" are assigned to second eligible conscription status, also known as <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> exemption, in the military.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Byun_Hui-su" title="Byun Hui-su">Byun Hui-su</a> was a transgender woman who transitioned during their time in the South Korean military.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 22, 2020, they were discharged after undergoing gender reassignment surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2021, the 23-year-old was found dead in their home.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Korean court later found this discharge to be unlawful and discriminatory. The court made no further remarks about transgender individuals serving in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transgender_men">Transgender men</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transgender men"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Transgender men are not required to undergo a physical examination and are automatically exempt from active duty as the MMA considers them "disabled and impaired."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Article 136 of the Enforcement Decree of the Military Service Act, they are assigned to the second eligible conscription status which is reserved for individuals such as convicts and orphans.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A transgender man who has not changed his legal gender will still be considered a "female," will not be conscripted, and is barred from volunteering to serve as a "man" in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27I+will+continue+to+fight%27%3A+South+Korea%27s+first+transgender+soldier+vows+to+oppose+dismissal+%26%23124%3B+Reuters+Video&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fvideo%2Fwatch%2Fi-will-continue-to-fight-south-koreas-fi-idOVBX9G5EZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+personnel+in+the+South+Korean+military" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51204323">"Transgender soldier to sue military over dismissal"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 22 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korea+Legislation+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Enforcement+Decree+of+the+Military+Service+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felaw.klri.re.kr%2Feng_service%2FlawView.do%3Fhseq%3D39170%26lang%3DENG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+personnel+in+the+South+Korean+military" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01525.x">"Psychological Burdens are associated with young male transsexuals in Korea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/11/asia/south-korea-lgbt-military/index.html">"Dozens arrested as South Korean military conducts 'gay witch-hunt'" CNN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://queerasia.com/2017/09/15/overview-of-lgbtq-activism-in-south-korea/">Overview of LGBTQ Activism In South Korea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CAT/Shared%20Documents/KOR/INT_CAT_CSS_KOR_27029_E.pdf">Rainbow Action Against Sexual Minority discrimination."Human Rights Violations on the Basis of Sexual Orietation, Gender Identity and HIV Status in the Republic of Korea"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004144627/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CAT/Shared%20Documents/KOR/INT_CAT_CSS_KOR_27029_E.pdf">Archived</a> 4 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.equaldex.com/region/south-korea">LGBT Rights in South Korea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2012/12/10/166878499/transgender-woman-finds-acceptance-in-south-korea">Transgender Woman Finds Acceptance In South Korea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27443062/The_Normalization_of_Universal_Male_Conscription_in_South_Korean_Society_and_the_State_Regulation_of_Draft_Evasion_and_Conscientious_Objection_1950_1993?source=swp_share">"The Normalization of Universal Male Conscription in South Korean Society and the State Regulation of Draft Evasion and Conscientious Objection"</a></li></ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBT_topics_in_South_Korea516" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBT_in_South_Korea" title="Template:LGBT in South Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBT_in_South_Korea" title="Template talk:LGBT in South Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT_in_South_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT in South Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBT_topics_in_South_Korea516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">LGBT topics in South Korea</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in South Korea">LGBT history in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in South Korea">LGBT rights in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights in South Korea">Transgender rights in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in South Korea">Recognition of same-sex unions in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in South Korea">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homo_Hill" title="Homo Hill">Homo Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kkonminam" title="Kkonminam">Kkonminam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_representation_in_South_Korean_film_and_television" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT representation in South Korean film and television">Representation in film and television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chingusai" title="Chingusai">Chingusai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_for_LGBT_Human_Rights_of_Korea" title="Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea">Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daegu_Queer_Culture_Festival" title="Daegu Queer Culture Festival">Daegu Queer Culture Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Queer_Film_Festival" title="Korea Queer Film Festival">Korea Queer Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Queer_Culture_Festival" title="Seoul Queer Culture Festival">Seoul Queer Culture Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_health_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT health in South Korea">LGBT health in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the South Korean military">Sexual orientation and gender identity in the South Korean military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_ideation_in_South_Korean_LGBT_youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide ideation in South Korean LGBT youth">Suicide ideation in South Korean LGBT youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender in South Korea">Transgender in South Korea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transgender personnel in the South Korean military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/48px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/64px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South 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gender identity in the Australian military">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Israeli_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientation and military service">Sexual orientation</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country" title="Sexual orientation and military service by country">by country</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_Canadian_military" title="Sexual orientation and the Canadian military">In Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_Netherlands" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the Netherlands">In the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation in the United States military">In the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sexual orientation and the military of 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title="Transgender personnel in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Intersex people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in the United States">In the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Australia">In Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Israel">Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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