CINXE.COM
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2024 - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2024 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6bddecc3-8144-4e45-ba93-994b3930702c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Project","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":4,"wgPageName":"Wikipedia:Today's_featured_article/December_2024","wgTitle":"Today's featured article/December 2024","wgCurRevisionId":1178221154,"wgRevisionId":1178221154,"wgArticleId":74959719,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia Today's featured article archives"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wikipedia:Today's_featured_article/December_2024","wgRelevantArticleId":74959719,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive": false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2024 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-4 ns-subject mw-editable page-Wikipedia_Today_s_featured_article_December_2024 rootpage-Wikipedia_Today_s_featured_article skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Wikipedia%3AToday%27s+featured+article%2FDecember+2024" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3AToday%27s+featured+article%2FDecember+2024" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Wikipedia%3AToday%27s+featured+article%2FDecember+2024" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3AToday%27s+featured+article%2FDecember+2024" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Today's featured article/December 2024</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=enwiki&page=Wikipedia%3AToday%27s+featured+article%2FDecember+2024" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-project" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024" title="View the project page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Project page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&oldid=1178221154" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWikipedia%3AToday%2527s_featured_article%2FDecember_2024"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWikipedia%3AToday%2527s_featured_article%2FDecember_2024"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wikipedia%3AToday%27s_featured_article%2FDecember_2024&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article">Wikipedia:Today's featured article</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:TFAA"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TFAA&redirect=no">WP:TFAA</a></span></li></ul></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article">Today's featured article</a> archive</b></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2004" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2005" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2006" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2007" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2008" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2009" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2010" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2011" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2012" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2013" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2014" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2014">2014</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2015" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2016" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2017" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2018" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2019" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2020" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2021" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2022" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2023" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2024"><b>2024</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/2025">2025</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/January_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/January 2024">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/February_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 2024">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/March_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 2024">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/April_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 2024">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/May_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/May 2024">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/June_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/June 2024">June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/July_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/July 2024">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/August_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/August 2024">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/September_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 2024">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/October_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/October 2024">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/November_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/November 2024">November</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">December</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248671473">.mw-parser-output .tfarticle-archive{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#f1f4fd);border:1px solid #A3B1BF}.mw-parser-output .tfarticle-archive .sidebar-content{text-align:left;font-size:112%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks tfarticle-archive"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FApages" title="Template:FApages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FApages" title="Template talk:FApages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FApages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FApages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_content" title="Wikipedia:Featured content">Featured content:</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">Featured articles</a> ←</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists" title="Wikipedia:Featured lists">Featured lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures">Featured pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics">Featured topics</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates" title="Wikipedia:Featured article candidates">Featured article candidates (FAC)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_article_criteria" title="Wikipedia:Featured article criteria">Featured article criteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Featured_log" title="Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Featured log">Featured article log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_article_statistics" title="Wikipedia:Featured article statistics">Featured article statistics</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_article_review" title="Wikipedia:Featured article review">Featured article review (FAR)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Former_featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Former featured articles">Former featured articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unreviewed_featured_articles/2020" title="Wikipedia:Unreviewed featured articles/2020">Unreviewed featured articles/2020</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article">Today's featured article (TFA)</a></b>: </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">This month's queue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About Today's featured article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/recent_TFAs" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/recent TFAs">Recent TFAs and statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/requests" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/requests">Current TFA requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/requests/pending" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/requests/pending">Potential TFA requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article_oddities" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article oddities">TFA oddities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/Most_viewed" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/Most viewed">Most viewed TFAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles_that_haven%27t_been_on_the_Main_Page" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles that haven't been on the Main Page">Featured articles yet to appear as TFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Lourdes/TFAhistorylink" title="User:Lourdes/TFAhistorylink">Script to track TFA recent changes</a></li></ul> <p><b>Featured article tools:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mentoring_for_FAC" title="Wikipedia:Mentoring for FAC">Mentoring for FAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_Wikipedians_by_featured_article_nominations" title="Wikipedia:List of Wikipedians by featured article nominations">Nominators of featured articles promoted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:Featured articles">Recent changes to featured articles</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinks random-page-in-category"><a class="external text" href="https://RandomInCategory.toolforge.org/Featured_articles?site=en.wikipedia.org">Random featured article</a></span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256396092">.mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#d8e0ff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}}</style> <table class="toccolours floatnone" style="text-align:center;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr class="calendar-purple" style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/November_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/November 2024"><<</a> </td> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Today's featured articles for December 2024 </a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/January_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/January 2025">>></a> </td></tr> <tr class="calendar-purple" style="border: none;"> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Sunday">Su </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Monday">Mo </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Tuesday">Tu </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Wednesday">We </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Thursday">Th </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Friday">Fr </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Saturday">Sa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_1,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 1, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_3,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 3, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_4,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 4, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_5,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 5, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_6,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 6, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>6</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_7,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 7, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>7</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_8,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 8, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_9,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 9, 2024"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_10,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 10, 2024">10</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_11,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 11, 2024">11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_12,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 12, 2024">12</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_13,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 13, 2024">13</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_14,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 14, 2024">14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_15,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 15, 2024">15</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_16,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 16, 2024">16</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_17,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 17, 2024">17</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_18,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 18, 2024">18</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_19,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 19, 2024">19</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_20,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 20, 2024">20</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_21,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 21, 2024">21</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_22,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 22, 2024">22</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_23,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 23, 2024">23</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_24,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 24, 2024">24</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_25,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 25, 2024">25</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_26,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 26, 2024">26</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_27,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 27, 2024">27</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_28,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 28, 2024">28</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_29,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 29, 2024">29</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_30,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 30, 2024">30</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_31,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 31, 2024">31</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <hr/> <p><b>December 1</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benty_grange_helm.jpg" title="Benty Grange helmet"><img alt="Benty Grange helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benty_grange_helm_crop.png/160px-Benty_grange_helm_crop.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benty_grange_helm_crop.png/240px-Benty_grange_helm_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benty_grange_helm_crop.png/320px-Benty_grange_helm_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="1517" data-file-height="1389"/></a></span></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_boar_helmet" title="Germanic boar helmet">boar-crested helmet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> origin, from the 7th century. It was excavated by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bateman_(antiquary)" title="Thomas Bateman (antiquary)">Thomas Bateman</a> in 1848 from a burial mound at the <a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange" title="Benty Grange">Benty Grange</a> farm in <a href="/wiki/Monyash" title="Monyash">Monyash</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>. The grave had probably been looted by the time of Bateman's excavation, but still contained the helmet and other high-status objects suggestive of a richly furnished burial, such as the <a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_hanging_bowl" title="Benty Grange hanging bowl">fragmentary remains of a hanging bowl</a>. The ornate helmet was constructed by covering the outside of an iron framework with plates of horn and the inside with cloth or leather, now decayed. It would have provided some protection against weapons, but may have also been intended for ceremonial use. It was the first Anglo-Saxon helmet to be discovered; others have been <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">found at Sutton Hoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coppergate_Helmet" title="Coppergate Helmet">at York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Helmet" title="Pioneer Helmet">at Wollaston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shorwell_helmet" title="Shorwell helmet">at Shorwell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_helmet" title="Staffordshire helmet">in Staffordshire</a>. The Benty Grange helmet is displayed at <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Weston_Park_Museum" title="Weston Park Museum">Weston Park Museum</a>, which purchased it from Bateman's estate in 1893. (<b><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1908_Irish_representative_peer_election" title="January 1908 Irish representative peer election">January 1908 Irish representative peer election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicidal_Tour" title="Suicidal Tour">Suicidal Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cane_Hill" title="Battle of Cane Hill">Battle of Cane Hill</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_1,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 1, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_1,_2024" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 1, 2024">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_1,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_1,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_1,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 2</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 132px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WeyesBloodHamSmth131123_(1_of_38)_(53331891033)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ichiko Aoba"><img alt="Ichiko Aoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/WeyesBloodHamSmth131123_%281_of_38%29_%2853331891033%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/132px-WeyesBloodHamSmth131123_%281_of_38%29_%2853331891033%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/WeyesBloodHamSmth131123_%281_of_38%29_%2853331891033%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/198px-WeyesBloodHamSmth131123_%281_of_38%29_%2853331891033%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/WeyesBloodHamSmth131123_%281_of_38%29_%2853331891033%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/264px-WeyesBloodHamSmth131123_%281_of_38%29_%2853331891033%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="1709"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Ichiko Aoba</div></div> </div> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Windswept_Adan" title="Windswept Adan">Windswept Adan</a></b></i> is the seventh studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Ichiko_Aoba" title="Ichiko Aoba">Ichiko Aoba</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, released on 2 December 2020 by her label, Hermine. The <a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept album</a> follows the story of a young girl who is sent away by her family to the fictional island of Adan. Aoba and composer Taro Umebayashi wrote, <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arranged</a>, and produced the music for the album, which was preceded by one <a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">single</a>, "Porcelain". <i>Windswept Adan</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">chamber folk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">psychedelic folk</a> album with elements of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a>. Marking a departure from Aoba's earlier minimalist instrumentation, it includes a <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wind_chime" title="Wind chime">wind chimes</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">string arrangements</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vocal_music" title="Vocal music">vocal</a> performances. The album received widespread critical acclaim for its arrangements, instrumentation, and <a href="/wiki/Worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding">worldbuilding</a>. Upon its release, the album debuted at number 82 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan_Hot_Albums" title="Billboard Japan Hot Albums"><i>Billboard Japan</i> Hot Albums</a> chart and number 88 on the <a href="/wiki/Oricon_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Albums Chart">Oricon Albums Chart</a>. Aoba supported the album with her first international tour between August and October 2022. (<b><a href="/wiki/Windswept_Adan" title="Windswept Adan">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1908_Irish_representative_peer_election" title="January 1908 Irish representative peer election">January 1908 Irish representative peer election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicidal_Tour" title="Suicidal Tour">Suicidal Tour</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 2, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 3</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 212px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PlayStation (console)"><img alt="PlayStation (console)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg/212px-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg/318px-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg/424px-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="2400"/></a></span></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game console</a> developed and marketed by <a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment#History" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>. It was released in Japan on 3 December 1994, and most of the world in 1995. Sony began developing it after a failed venture with <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">a CD-ROM add-on</a> in the early 1990s. The console was primarily designed by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi">Ken Kutaragi</a> and his team in Japan, while additional development was outsourced in the United Kingdom. An emphasis on <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D polygon graphics</a> was placed at the forefront of the console's design. The PlayStation signalled Sony's rise to power in the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a>. It received acclaim and sold strongly; in less than a decade, it became the first computer entertainment platform to ship over 100 million units. Its use of <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact discs</a> heralded the game industry's transition from <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">cartridges</a>. The PlayStation's success led to a <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">line of successors</a>, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> in 2000. (<b><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Windswept_Adan" title="Windswept Adan">Windswept Adan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1908_Irish_representative_peer_election" title="January 1908 Irish representative peer election">January 1908 Irish representative peer election</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_3,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 3, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_3,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 3, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_3,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_3,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_3,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 4</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 273px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KARE_NBC_11_Minneapolis,_Minnesota_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/KARE_NBC_11_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota_Logo.svg/273px-KARE_NBC_11_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="273" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/KARE_NBC_11_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota_Logo.svg/410px-KARE_NBC_11_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/KARE_NBC_11_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota_Logo.svg/546px-KARE_NBC_11_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3753" data-file-height="988"/></a></span></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/KARE_(TV)" title="KARE (TV)">KARE</a></b> (channel 11) is a <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a> licensed to <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, United States, an <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> affiliate. Channel 11 began service in 1953, originally affiliated with <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>. It presented several notable children's shows in its early years. After <a href="/wiki/Time_Inc." title="Time Inc.">Time Inc.</a> purchased the station in 1957, ABC switched affiliates, leaving channel 11 to become an <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">independent station</a> that broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a> baseball team, movies, and syndicated programs. By the late 1970s, WTCN was one of the nation's most financially successful independent stations. On March 5, 1979, channel 11 became an NBC affiliate but struggled with its revamped newscasts. Between 1983 and 1987, the station moved from last to first in late news ratings, battling <a href="/wiki/WCCO-TV" title="WCCO-TV">WCCO</a> for two decades. It changed call signs twice in that period, to WUSA in 1985 and KARE in 1986, when Gannett moved the WUSA call sign to <a href="/wiki/WUSA_(TV)" title="WUSA (TV)">its Washington, D.C., station.</a> More recently, as of 2022, the station has been a second-place finisher in local news. (<b><a href="/wiki/KARE_(TV)" title="KARE (TV)">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation (console)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windswept_Adan" title="Windswept Adan">Windswept Adan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_4,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 4, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_4,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 4, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_4,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_4,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_4,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 5</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 120px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mimodactylus_skeletal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Skeletal diagram of Mimodactylus"><img alt="Skeletal diagram of Mimodactylus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mimodactylus_skeletal.png/120px-Mimodactylus_skeletal.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mimodactylus_skeletal.png/180px-Mimodactylus_skeletal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mimodactylus_skeletal.png/240px-Mimodactylus_skeletal.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1466"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Skeletal diagram of <i>Mimodactylus</i></div></div> </div> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mimodactylus" title="Mimodactylus">Mimodactylus</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ornithocheiromorpha" title="Ornithocheiromorpha">istiodactyliform</a> <a href="/wiki/Pterosaur" title="Pterosaur">pterosaur</a> that lived in what is now Lebanon during the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, 95 million years ago. The only known specimen was discovered in a <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> quarry near the town of <a href="/wiki/Hjoula" title="Hjoula">Hjoula</a>. The owner of the quarry allowed the specimen to be <a href="/wiki/Fossil_preparation" title="Fossil preparation">prepared</a> by researchers, and it was donated to the <a href="/wiki/MIM_Museum" title="MIM Museum">MIM Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>. In 2019, the researchers named the new genus and species <i><b>Mimodactylus libanensis</b></i>; referring to the MIM Museum, with the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word <i>daktylos</i> for "digit", and the <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> refers to Lebanon. The well-preserved <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype specimen</a> is the first complete pterosaur from the Afro-Arabian continent (which consisted of the then joined <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>), and the third pterosaur fossil known from Lebanon. The marine deposits of Hjoula are late <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> in age and are well-known for fish fossils. The holotype specimen is comparatively small, with a wingspan of 1.32 metres (4.3 ft), and was probably young. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mimodactylus" title="Mimodactylus">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KARE_(TV)" title="KARE (TV)">KARE (TV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation (console)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windswept_Adan" title="Windswept Adan">Windswept Adan</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_5,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 5, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_5,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 5, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_5,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_5,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_5,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 6</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 135px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mtl_dec6_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plaque at École Polytechnique de Montréal commemorating the victims"><img alt="Plaque at École Polytechnique de Montréal commemorating the victims" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mtl_dec6_plaque.jpg/135px-Mtl_dec6_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mtl_dec6_plaque.jpg/203px-Mtl_dec6_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mtl_dec6_plaque.jpg/270px-Mtl_dec6_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1286"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Plaque at <a href="/wiki/Polytechnique_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Polytechnique Montréal"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">École Polytechnique de Montréal</span></span></a> commemorating the victims</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre" title="École Polytechnique massacre">École Polytechnique massacre</a></span></span></b> was an <a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">antifeminist</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shooting</a> that occurred on December 6, 1989, at the <a href="/wiki/Polytechnique_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Polytechnique Montréal"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">École Polytechnique de Montréal</span></span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>. Fourteen women were murdered; another ten women and four men were injured. The perpetrator, <a href="/wiki/Marc_L%C3%A9pine" title="Marc Lépine">Marc Lépine</a> entered a mechanical engineering class and separated the male and female students, ordering the men to leave. He shot all nine women in the room, killing six. The shooter then moved throughout the building, killing eight more women and wounding students before fatally shooting himself. The massacre is regarded as <a href="/wiki/Misogynist_terrorism" title="Misogynist terrorism">misogynist terrorism</a> and representative of wider societal violence against women. In response to the massacre, the Canadian legislature passed more stringent <a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">gun control laws</a>. It also led to policy changes in emergency services protocols for shootings, such as police intervening immediately to reduce casualties. The anniversary of the massacre is commemorated annually as <a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Remembrance_and_Action_on_Violence_Against_Women" title="National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women">White Ribbon Day</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre" title="École Polytechnique massacre">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimodactylus" title="Mimodactylus">Mimodactylus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KARE_(TV)" title="KARE (TV)">KARE (TV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation (console)</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_6,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 6, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_6,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 6, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_6,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_6,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_6,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 7</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 121px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AWM008314Arthur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arthur pictured in 1941"><img alt="Arthur pictured in 1941" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AWM008314Arthur.jpg/121px-AWM008314Arthur.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AWM008314Arthur.jpg/182px-AWM008314Arthur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AWM008314Arthur.jpg/242px-AWM008314Arthur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="401"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Arthur pictured in 1941</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Arthur" title="Wilfred Arthur">Wilfred Arthur</a></b> (7 December 1919 – 23 December 2000) was a <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">fighter ace</a> and senior officer of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> (RAAF) during World War II. Commonly known as "Woof", he was credited with ten aerial victories and led combat formations at <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wing_(military_unit)" title="Wing (military unit)">wing</a> level, becoming the youngest <a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">group captain</a> in RAAF's history. Arthur first saw action in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Middle East</a> and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a> for shooting down four aircraft in a single <a href="/wiki/Sortie" title="Sortie">sortie</a>. He was then posted to <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea</a>, where he received the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a> for continuing to lead an attack after discovering his guns were inoperable. As <a href="/wiki/Wing_leader" title="Wing leader">wing leader</a> of <a href="/wiki/No._71_Wing_RAAF" title="No. 71 Wing RAAF">No. 71 Wing</a>, he was severely burned in a runway collision. Upon recovery, he was posted to the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> and played a leading part in the <a href="/wiki/Morotai_Mutiny" title="Morotai Mutiny">Morotai Mutiny</a> when eight RAAF officers attempted to resign. Following his discharge, he pursued business interests in Australia and Vietnam, before settling in <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>, Northern Territory. (<b><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Arthur" title="Wilfred Arthur">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre" title="École Polytechnique massacre">École Polytechnique massacre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimodactylus" title="Mimodactylus">Mimodactylus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KARE_(TV)" title="KARE (TV)">KARE (TV)</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_7,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 7, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_7,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 7, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_7,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_7,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_7,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 8</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 121px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taylor_Swift_2009_MTV_VMA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swift with her 2009 trophy for Best Female Video, won for the video of this song."><img alt="Swift with her 2009 trophy for Best Female Video, won for the video of this song." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Taylor_Swift_2009_MTV_VMA.jpg/121px-Taylor_Swift_2009_MTV_VMA.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Taylor_Swift_2009_MTV_VMA.jpg/182px-Taylor_Swift_2009_MTV_VMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Taylor_Swift_2009_MTV_VMA.jpg/242px-Taylor_Swift_2009_MTV_VMA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Swift</a> with her <a href="/wiki/2009_MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="2009 MTV Video Music Awards">2009</a> trophy for <a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" title="MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video">Best Female Video</a>, won for the video of this song.</div></div> </div> <p>"<b><a href="/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me" title="You Belong with Me">You Belong with Me</a></b>" is the third single from <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>'s second studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Fearless_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Fearless (Taylor Swift album)">Fearless</a></i> (2008). <a href="/wiki/Big_Machine_Records" title="Big Machine Records">Big Machine Records</a> released the song to radio on April 20, 2009. Swift and <a href="/wiki/Liz_Rose" title="Liz Rose">Liz Rose</a> wrote the lyrics, which discuss unrequited love. Swift and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Chapman_(record_producer)" title="Nathan Chapman (record producer)">Nathan Chapman</a> produced the track, which has a <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">country pop</a> production. The song was nominated in three categories at the <a href="/wiki/52nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="52nd Annual Grammy Awards">2010 Grammy Awards</a>, reached the top 10 on several charts and received <a href="/wiki/List_of_music_recording_certifications" title="List of music recording certifications">certifications</a> in Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand. The song peaked at number two on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">RIAA</a> certified it as <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">seven-times platinum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_White" title="Roman White">Roman White</a> directed the song's music video, which stars Swift in two roles. The video won <a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" title="MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video">Best Female Video</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2009_MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="2009 MTV Video Music Awards">MTV Video Music Awards</a>, where Swift's acceptance was interrupted by <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>. Following a <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift_masters_dispute" title="Taylor Swift masters dispute">2019 dispute</a> about the ownership of Swift's back catalog, she <a href="/wiki/Re-recording_(music)" title="Re-recording (music)">re-recorded</a> the song as "<b>You Belong with Me (Taylor's Version)</b>" for her album <i><a href="/wiki/Fearless_(Taylor%27s_Version)" title="Fearless (Taylor's Version)">Fearless (Taylor's Version)</a></i> (2021). (<b><a href="/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me" title="You Belong with Me">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Arthur" title="Wilfred Arthur">Wilfred Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre" title="École Polytechnique massacre">École Polytechnique massacre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimodactylus" title="Mimodactylus">Mimodactylus</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_8,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 8, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_8,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 8, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_8,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_8,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_8,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 9</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 123px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golding_Bird.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golding Bird pictured in 1840"><img alt="Golding Bird pictured in 1840" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Golding_Bird.jpg/123px-Golding_Bird.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Golding_Bird.jpg/185px-Golding_Bird.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Golding_Bird.jpg/246px-Golding_Bird.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="463"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Golding Bird pictured in 1840</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Golding_Bird" title="Golding Bird">Golding Bird</a></b> (9 December 1814 – 27 October 1854) was a medical doctor who researched the chemistry of urine and <a href="/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease" title="Kidney stone disease">kidney stones</a>. From 1836, he lectured at <a href="/wiki/Guy%27s_Hospital" title="Guy's Hospital">Guy's Hospital</a> and published a textbook on science for medical students called <i>Elements of Natural Philosophy</i>. Bird was innovative in the medical use of electricity, designing his own equipment and bringing medical <a href="/wiki/Electrotherapy" title="Electrotherapy">electrotherapy</a> into the mainstream. He invented a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Daniell_cell" title="Daniell cell">Daniell cell</a> in 1837, making key discoveries in <a href="/wiki/Electrometallurgy" title="Electrometallurgy">electrometallurgy</a>. Bird also designed a flexible <a href="/wiki/Stethoscope" title="Stethoscope">stethoscope</a>, and in 1840 published the first description of one. In 1842, he was the first to describe <a href="/wiki/Hyperoxaluria" title="Hyperoxaluria">oxaluria</a>, a condition which leads to the formation of a particular kind of stone, and published a comprehensive paper on urinary deposits in 1844. A devout Christian, Bird believed Bible study and prayer were just as important to medical students as their studies. He founded the Christian Medical Association, although it did not become active until after his death. (<b><a href="/wiki/Golding_Bird" title="Golding Bird">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me" title="You Belong with Me">You Belong with Me</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Arthur" title="Wilfred Arthur">Wilfred Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre" title="École Polytechnique massacre">École Polytechnique massacre</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_9,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 9, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_9,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 9, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_9,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_9,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_9,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 10</b> </p><p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Shovel_Knight_Showdown" title="Shovel Knight Showdown">Shovel Knight Showdown</a></b></i> is a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">fighting video game</a> developed and published by <a href="/wiki/Yacht_Club_Games" title="Yacht Club Games">Yacht Club Games</a>. It is an <a href="/wiki/Expansion_pack" title="Expansion pack">add-on</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Platformer" title="Platformer">platform game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Shovel_Knight" title="Shovel Knight">Shovel Knight</a></i>. Players battle using one fighter among twenty characters, each with various movesets and fighting styles. <a href="/wiki/Game_mechanics#Game_mode" title="Game mechanics">Modes</a> include "Treasure Clash", to collect the most gems, and a "free for all" <a href="/wiki/Deathmatch_(video_games)" title="Deathmatch (video games)">battle to death</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Narrative_of_video_games" title="Narrative of video games">story mode</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">single player</a> battles against <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_video_games" title="Artificial intelligence in video games">AI</a>-controlled opponents across several <a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">stages</a> before facing a <a href="/wiki/Boss_(video_games)" title="Boss (video games)">boss</a>. Completing this mode with each fighter allows the player to unlock new stages and characters. Yacht Club Games envisioned <i>Showdown</i> as a small <a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">minigame</a> similar to modes in <i><a href="/wiki/Mega_Man_7" title="Mega Man 7">Mega Man 7</a></i> (1995) and <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros._3" title="Super Mario Bros. 3">Super Mario Bros. 3</a></i> (1988). The developers gradually built a more expansive title which they compared to a <a href="/wiki/Party_game" title="Party game">party game</a>. <i>Showdown</i> was released for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a> on December 10, 2019. It received average reviews on release, with praise towards its characters and multiplayer gameplay, but many reviewer's criticized the single-player mode for its <a href="/wiki/Game_balance" title="Game balance">difficulty balancing</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Shovel_Knight_Showdown" title="Shovel Knight Showdown">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golding_Bird" title="Golding Bird">Golding Bird</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me" title="You Belong with Me">You Belong with Me</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Arthur" title="Wilfred Arthur">Wilfred Arthur</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_10,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 10, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_10,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 10, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_10,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_10,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_10,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 11</b> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a></b> (born 18 February 1929) is a British author. His publications have included cookery books and works on history, but he is best known for his <a href="/wiki/Spy_fiction" title="Spy fiction">spy novels</a>. He had several jobs before writing his first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_IPCRESS_File" title="The IPCRESS File">The IPCRESS File</a></i>, in 1962; it was a critical and commercial success. He wrote several spy novels featuring the same central character, an unnamed <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working-class</a> intelligence officer. Between 1962 and 1966 Deighton was the food correspondent for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i> and drew <a href="/wiki/Cookstrip" title="Cookstrip">cookstrips</a>—black and white graphic recipes with a limited number of words. A selection of these was collected and published in 1965 as <i><a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton%27s_Action_Cook_Book" title="Len Deighton's Action Cook Book">Len Deighton's Action Cook Book</a></i>, the first of five cookery books he wrote. Other topics of non-fiction include military history. Many of his books have been best sellers and he has been favourably compared with <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>. Deighton's fictional work is marked by a complex narrative structure, extensive research and an air of verisimilitude. Several of his works have been adapted for film and radio. (<b><a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shovel_Knight_Showdown" title="Shovel Knight Showdown">Shovel Knight Showdown</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golding_Bird" title="Golding Bird">Golding Bird</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me" title="You Belong with Me">You Belong with Me</a>"</li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_11,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 11, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_11,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 11, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_11,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_11,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_11,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 12</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 323px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polynomial2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polynomial equation studied in elementary algebra"><img alt="Polynomial equation studied in elementary algebra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Polynomial2.svg/323px-Polynomial2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="323" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Polynomial2.svg/485px-Polynomial2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Polynomial2.svg/646px-Polynomial2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="96"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_equation" title="Algebraic equation">Polynomial equation</a> studied in <a href="/wiki/Elementary_algebra" title="Elementary algebra">elementary algebra</a></div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a></b> is the branch of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> that studies certain abstract systems, known as <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_structure" title="Algebraic structure">algebraic structurea</a>, and the manipulation of statements within these systems. <a href="/wiki/Elementary_algebra" title="Elementary algebra">Elementary algebra</a> generalizes <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic">arithmetic</a> by using variables in addition to numbers. It covers methods of transforming equations to <a href="/wiki/Equation_solving" title="Equation solving">solve</a> them by isolating variables. <a href="/wiki/Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">Linear algebra</a> examines <a href="/wiki/System_of_linear_equations" title="System of linear equations">systems of several linear equations</a> and techniques to determine for which values all equations in a system are true at the same time. <a href="/wiki/Abstract_algebra" title="Abstract algebra">Abstract algebra</a> investigates algebraic structures, which consist of a <a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)" title="Set (mathematics)">set</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_object" title="Mathematical object">objects</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Operation_(mathematics)" title="Operation (mathematics)">operations</a> defined on that set. It distinguishes algebraic structures, such as <a href="/wiki/Group_(mathematics)" title="Group (mathematics)">groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_(mathematics)" title="Ring (mathematics)">rings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Field_(mathematics)" title="Field (mathematics)">fields</a>, based on their number of operations and the <a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">laws they follow</a>. Algebraic methods were first studied in ancient times to solve specific problems. As algebra evolved, it became increasingly abstract and generalized, leading to many applications in other branches of mathematics and the <a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">empirical sciences</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shovel_Knight_Showdown" title="Shovel Knight Showdown">Shovel Knight Showdown</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golding_Bird" title="Golding Bird">Golding Bird</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_12,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 12, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_12,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 12, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_12,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_12,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_12,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 13</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 121px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_made_of_silk,_Alexander_McQueen,_Savage_Beauty.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pink frock coat from the collection"><img alt="Pink frock coat from the collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_made_of_silk%2C_Alexander_McQueen%2C_Savage_Beauty.jpg/121px-Coat_made_of_silk%2C_Alexander_McQueen%2C_Savage_Beauty.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_made_of_silk%2C_Alexander_McQueen%2C_Savage_Beauty.jpg/182px-Coat_made_of_silk%2C_Alexander_McQueen%2C_Savage_Beauty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_made_of_silk%2C_Alexander_McQueen%2C_Savage_Beauty.jpg/242px-Coat_made_of_silk%2C_Alexander_McQueen%2C_Savage_Beauty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="900"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Pink frock coat from the collection</div></div> </div> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims" title="Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims">Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims</a></b></i> is the first collection by British designer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_McQueen" title="Alexander McQueen">Alexander McQueen</a>, produced for his <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Master's degree in the United Kingdom">master's degree</a> in fashion at <a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins" title="Central Saint Martins">Central Saint Martins</a> (CSM) art school. Inspired by the victims of <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Victorian_fashion" title="Victorian fashion">fashion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_erotica" title="Victorian erotica">erotica</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom#19th_century" title="Prostitution in the United Kingdom">prostitution practices</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, the collection was presented on the runway at <a href="/wiki/London_Fashion_Week" title="London Fashion Week">London Fashion Week</a> on 16 March 1992. Editor <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Blow" title="Isabella Blow">Isabella Blow</a> was fascinated by the <a href="/wiki/Fashion_show" title="Fashion show">runway show</a> and insisted on purchasing the entire collection, and became McQueen's friend and <a href="/wiki/Muse_(person)" title="Muse (person)">muse</a>. <i>Jack the Ripper</i> remains an object of critical analysis for its violent concept and styling. McQueen continued the narrative and aesthetic tendencies from <i>Jack the Ripper</i>, producing collections inspired by <a href="/wiki/Macabre" title="Macabre">macabre</a> aspects of history, art, and his own life. Items from <i>Jack the Ripper</i>, most notably a pink <a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">frock coat</a> with a thorn print (<i>shown</i>) , have appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty" title="Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty">Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty</a></i> (2011 and 2015) and <i>Isabella Blow: Fashion Galore!</i> (2013). (<b><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims" title="Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shovel_Knight_Showdown" title="Shovel Knight Showdown">Shovel Knight Showdown</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_13,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 13, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_13,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 13, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_13,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_13,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_13,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 14</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surveyor_3-Apollo_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astronaut Pete Conrad studies the Surveyor 3 probe on the surface of the Moon"><img alt="Astronaut Pete Conrad studies the Surveyor 3 probe on the surface of the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Surveyor_3-Apollo_12.jpg/150px-Surveyor_3-Apollo_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Surveyor_3-Apollo_12.jpg/225px-Surveyor_3-Apollo_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Surveyor_3-Apollo_12.jpg/300px-Surveyor_3-Apollo_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2627"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Astronaut Pete Conrad studies the Surveyor 3 probe on the surface of the Moon</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></b> (November 14–24, 1969) was the second crewed landing on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. The sixth crewed mission in the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>, it was launched by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Commander <a href="/wiki/Pete_Conrad" title="Pete Conrad">Charles "Pete" Conrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions#Lunar_Module_Pilot" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Lunar Module Pilot</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bean" title="Alan Bean">Alan Bean</a> walked on the Moon while <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions#Command_Module_Pilot" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Command Module Pilot</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr." title="Richard F. Gordon Jr.">Richard Gordon</a> remained in orbit. Launched on a rainy day, Apollo 12 was twice struck by <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a>; the outward journey otherwise saw few problems. On November 19, Conrad and Bean landed close to the <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">Surveyor 3</a> probe. This meant NASA could plan missions expecting that astronauts could land close to target. Conrad and Bean carried <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package" title="Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package">a group of nuclear-powered instruments</a>, and the first color television camera taken by an Apollo mission to the surface, but the picture was lost after Bean accidentally pointed the camera at the Sun and its sensor burned out. Conrad and Bean visited Surveyor 3 and <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3#Retrieved_parts" title="Surveyor 3">removed parts</a> for return to Earth. The Apollo 12 mission safely returned to Earth on November 24. (<b><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Full article...</a></b>) </p><p><br/> </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims" title="Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims">Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_14,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 14, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_14,_2024" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 14, 2024">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_14,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_14,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_14,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 15</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 141px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Centennial_half_dollar_obverse.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Obverse of the half dollar"><img alt="Obverse of the half dollar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar_obverse.jpeg/141px-Texas_Centennial_half_dollar_obverse.jpeg" decoding="async" width="141" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar_obverse.jpeg/212px-Texas_Centennial_half_dollar_obverse.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar_obverse.jpeg/282px-Texas_Centennial_half_dollar_obverse.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2950" data-file-height="2890"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Obverse of the half dollar</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Texas Centennial half dollar">Texas Centennial half dollar</a></b> was struck by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">U.S. Bureau of the Mint</a> from 1934 to 1938. It features an eagle and the Lone Star of Texas on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a> (<i>shown</i>), while the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">reverse</a> is a complex scene with the winged goddess <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">Victory</a>. Proposed by the <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a> as a fundraiser for the 100th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">Texas independence from Mexico</a>, the coin was approved by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> in 1933. It was designed by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Pompeo_Coppini" title="Pompeo Coppini">Pompeo Coppini</a>, and, after initial rejection by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_of_Fine_Arts" title="United States Commission of Fine Arts">Commission of Fine Arts</a>, the designs were approved and the coins entered production at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> in October 1934. The first coins to reach the public were sold by auction in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a> on December 15, 1934. Profits from the coins helped finance the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Science_and_Natural_History_Museum" title="Texas Science and Natural History Museum">Texas Memorial Museum</a> in Austin. Most 1934-dated coins went unsold and were sent back to the Mint. Smaller issues took place each year through 1938. Despite the relative lack of sales, the issue is popular with collectors, with the coins gradually gaining in value. (<b><a href="/wiki/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Texas Centennial half dollar">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims" title="Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims">Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_15,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 15, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_15,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 15, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_15,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_15,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_15,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 16</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 125px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apocalypse_of_Peter_Akhmim_Plate_vii.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A Greek fragment of the Apocalypse of Peter"><img alt="A Greek fragment of the Apocalypse of Peter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Apocalypse_of_Peter_Akhmim_Plate_vii.png/125px-Apocalypse_of_Peter_Akhmim_Plate_vii.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Apocalypse_of_Peter_Akhmim_Plate_vii.png/188px-Apocalypse_of_Peter_Akhmim_Plate_vii.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Apocalypse_of_Peter_Akhmim_Plate_vii.png/250px-Apocalypse_of_Peter_Akhmim_Plate_vii.png 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1794"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">A Greek fragment of the Apocalypse of Peter</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></b> is an <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">apocryphal text</a> of the 2nd century. It is the earliest-written extant work depicting a Christian account of <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">hell</a> in detail. The work describes a divine vision experienced by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> through <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a>. It delves into a vision of the afterlife (<i><a href="/wiki/Katabasis" title="Katabasis">katabasis</a></i>), and details both heavenly bliss for the righteous and infernal punishments for the damned. The punishments are graphically described and loosely correspond to "<a href="/wiki/Eye_for_an_eye" title="Eye for an eye">an eye for an eye</a>": blasphemers are hung by their tongues; liars have their lips cut off; callous rich people are pierced by stones and are dressed in filthy rags; and so on. While the Apocalypse of Peter influenced other <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christian</a> works, it eventually came to be considered inauthentic and was not included in the standard <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon#New_Testament" title="Biblical canon">canon of the New Testament</a>. Still, it influenced later works wherein the protagonist takes a tour of the realms of the afterlife, including the <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Paul" title="Apocalypse of Paul">Apocalypse of Paul</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Texas Centennial half dollar">Texas Centennial half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims" title="Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims">Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_16,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 16, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_16,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 16, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_16,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_16,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_16,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 17</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 114px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:From_the_QM5_td_(2022-09-12)_006_-_1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas"><img alt="1271 Avenue of the Americas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/From_the_QM5_td_%282022-09-12%29_006_-_1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg/114px-From_the_QM5_td_%282022-09-12%29_006_-_1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/From_the_QM5_td_%282022-09-12%29_006_-_1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg/171px-From_the_QM5_td_%282022-09-12%29_006_-_1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/From_the_QM5_td_%282022-09-12%29_006_-_1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg/228px-From_the_QM5_td_%282022-09-12%29_006_-_1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472"/></a></span></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">1271 Avenue of the Americas</a></b> is a 48-story skyscraper on <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Avenue" title="Sixth Avenue">Sixth Avenue</a>, between <a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a> and <a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a> streets, in the <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Harrison" title="Wallace Harrison">Wallace Harrison</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harrison_%26_Abramovitz" title="Harrison & Abramovitz">Harrison, Abramovitz, and Harris</a>, the building was developed between 1956 and 1960 as part of <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>. The building's eight-story base partially wraps around its 48-story main shaft. The <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade" title="Façade">facade</a> comprises glass panels between limestone columns. The lobby has white-marble and stainless-steel walls, and red-burgundy glass ceilings; there is artwork by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Josef Albers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Glarner" title="Fritz Glarner">Fritz Glarner</a>, and Francis Brennan. The ground floor also includes storefronts. Each of the upper floors covers 28,000 sq ft (2,600 m<sup>2</sup>), with the offices arranged around the core. Construction started in May 1957; the building was <a href="/wiki/Topping_out" title="Topping out">topped out</a> during November 1958, and the occupants took possession in late 1959. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a> designated the lobby as a city landmark in 2002. (<b><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Texas Centennial half dollar">Texas Centennial half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_17,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 17, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_17,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 17, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_17,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_17,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_17,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 18</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 127px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Neal_by_Sarah_Miriam_Peale_1823_Portland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Author John Neal"><img alt="Author John Neal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Neal_by_Sarah_Miriam_Peale_1823_Portland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/127px-John_Neal_by_Sarah_Miriam_Peale_1823_Portland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Neal_by_Sarah_Miriam_Peale_1823_Portland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/191px-John_Neal_by_Sarah_Miriam_Peale_1823_Portland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Neal_by_Sarah_Miriam_Peale_1823_Portland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/254px-John_Neal_by_Sarah_Miriam_Peale_1823_Portland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="2391"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Author John Neal</div></div> </div> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/American_Writers" title="American Writers">American Writers</a></b></i> is an 1824–25 work of literary criticism by American writer and critic <a href="/wiki/John_Neal_(writer)" title="John Neal (writer)">John Neal</a>. Published by <i><a href="/wiki/Blackwood%27s_Magazine" title="Blackwood's Magazine">Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine</a></i>, it is the first history of American literature and the first substantial work of criticism concerning US authors. Using no reference materials, Neal made multiple factually inaccurate claims about many of the 120+ authors covered. Scholars nevertheless praise the staying power of Neal's opinions, many of which are reflected by other critics decades later. Neal also argued American literature relied too much on British precedent and had failed to develop its own voice. Neal wrote the series in London under an English pseudonym, which convinced few readers. American Writers was well received in the UK but drew considerable ire in the US, particularly from <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a>. Neal was met with hostility and a fistfight on an 1827 visit to his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>; he relocated there and remained until his death forty-nine years later. (<b><a href="/wiki/American_Writers" title="American Writers">Full article...</a></b>) </p><p><br/> </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">1271 Avenue of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Texas Centennial half dollar">Texas Centennial half dollar</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_18,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 18, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_18,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 18, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_18,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_18,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_18,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 19</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Niobe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SMS_Niobe.jpg/120px-SMS_Niobe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SMS_Niobe.jpg/180px-SMS_Niobe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SMS_Niobe.jpg/240px-SMS_Niobe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5736" data-file-height="4496"/></a></span> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/SMS_Niobe" title="SMS Niobe">SMS <i>Niobe</i></a></b> (launched 1899) was a <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruiser</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gazelle-class_cruiser" title="Gazelle-class cruiser"><i>Gazelle</i> class</a>, built for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">German Imperial Navy</a>. <i>Niobe</i> was armed with ten <a href="/wiki/10.5_cm_SK_L/40_naval_gun" title="10.5 cm SK L/40 naval gun">10.5 cm (4.1 in) guns</a> and had a top speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph). The ship served as a <a href="/wiki/Flotilla_leader" title="Flotilla leader">flotilla leader</a> for <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a>, a scout for the fleet, and a station ship with the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Squadron" title="East Asia Squadron">East Asia Squadron</a>. When <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> commenced <i>Niobe</i> helped defend Germany's <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> coast. One of the cruisers permitted Germany by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, <i>Niobe</i> was modernized, but was sold in 1925 to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a> (later Yugoslavia). Renamed <i>Dalmacija</i> the vessel served until April 1941, when she was captured by the Italians. Renamed again as <i>Cattaro</i>, she served until the Italian surrender in September 1943. Seized by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germans</a>, she was used in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> until 19 December 1943, when she ran aground on the island of <a href="/wiki/Silba" title="Silba">Silba</a>, and was destroyed by British <a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">motor torpedo boats</a>. <i>(<b><a href="/wiki/SMS_Niobe" title="SMS Niobe">This article</a></b> is part of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics">featured topic</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics/Ships_of_the_Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics/Ships of the Royal Yugoslav Navy">Ships of the Royal Yugoslav Navy</a></b>.)</i> </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Writers" title="American Writers">American Writers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">1271 Avenue of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_19,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 19, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_19,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 19, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_19,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_19,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_19,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 20</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 129px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaston_Bussi%C3%A8re_-_La_charge_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phants_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charge of the Carthaginian war elephants as envisaged by Gaston Bussière in 1920."><img alt="Charge of the Carthaginian war elephants as envisaged by Gaston Bussière in 1920." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Gaston_Bussi%C3%A8re_-_La_charge_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phants_%28cropped%29.jpg/129px-Gaston_Bussi%C3%A8re_-_La_charge_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phants_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Gaston_Bussi%C3%A8re_-_La_charge_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phants_%28cropped%29.jpg/194px-Gaston_Bussi%C3%A8re_-_La_charge_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phants_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Gaston_Bussi%C3%A8re_-_La_charge_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phants_%28cropped%29.jpg/258px-Gaston_Bussi%C3%A8re_-_La_charge_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phants_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1921" data-file-height="2262"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Charge of the Carthaginian war elephants as envisaged by Gaston Bussière in 1920.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(240_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)">Battle of the Bagradas River</a></b> was fought in 240 BC in what is now north-east <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> between a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a> army led by <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca" title="Hamilcar Barca">Hamilcar Barca</a> and a rebel force led by <a href="/wiki/Spendius" title="Spendius">Spendius</a>. Carthage was fighting a coalition of <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutinous</a> soldiers and rebellious African cities in the <a href="/wiki/Mercenary_War" title="Mercenary War">Mercenary War</a>, which had started late the previous year in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a>. Hamilcar left Carthage and evaded a rebel blockade by crossing the Bagradas River (the modern <a href="/wiki/Medjerda_River" title="Medjerda River">Medjerda River</a>) at its mouth. Two rebel armies marched towards the Carthaginians. When they came into sight Hamilcar ordered a feigned <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">retreat</a>. The rebels broke ranks to chase the Carthaginians and this impetuous pursuit caused them to fall into disorder. Once the rebels had closed, the Carthaginians turned and charged them. The rebels broke and were <a href="/wiki/Rout" title="Rout">routed</a>. The Carthaginians pursued, killing or capturing many of the rebels and taking a bridge over the Bagradas. This victory gave Hamilcar freedom to manoeuvre and the operational initiative. <i>(<b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(240_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)">This article</a></b> is part of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics">featured topic</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics/Mercenary_War" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics/Mercenary War">Mercenary War</a></b>.)</i> </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Niobe" title="SMS Niobe">SMS <i>Niobe</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Writers" title="American Writers">American Writers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">1271 Avenue of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_20,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 20, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_20,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 20, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_20,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_20,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_20,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 21</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 166px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zborowski_in_the_driving_seat_of_Chitty_Bang_Bang_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Chitty Bang Bang 1", a model for the car in the book."><img alt=""Chitty Bang Bang 1", a model for the car in the book." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Zborowski_in_the_driving_seat_of_Chitty_Bang_Bang_1.jpg/166px-Zborowski_in_the_driving_seat_of_Chitty_Bang_Bang_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Zborowski_in_the_driving_seat_of_Chitty_Bang_Bang_1.jpg/249px-Zborowski_in_the_driving_seat_of_Chitty_Bang_Bang_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Zborowski_in_the_driving_seat_of_Chitty_Bang_Bang_1.jpg/332px-Zborowski_in_the_driving_seat_of_Chitty_Bang_Bang_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1139"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">"Chitty Bang Bang 1", a model for the car in the book.</div></div> </div> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang" title="Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang">Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car</a></b></i> is a children's story written by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a> and illustrated by <a href="/wiki/John_Burningham" title="John Burningham">John Burningham</a>. It was initially published in three volumes, the first of which was released on 22 October 1964, before being published as one book. The story concerns the exploits of Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang—a car with hidden powers and abilities—and its owners, the Pott family. Fleming, better known as the creator of <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(literary_character)" title="James Bond (literary character)">James Bond</a>, took his inspiration for the subject from a series of <a href="/wiki/Aero-engined_car" title="Aero-engined car">aero-engined</a> racing cars called "<a href="/wiki/Chitty_Bang_Bang" title="Chitty Bang Bang">Chitty Bang Bang</a>" (<i>shown</i>), built by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Zborowski" title="Louis Zborowski">Louis Zborowski</a> in the early 1920s. Fleming wrote the book while convalescing after having had a major heart attack; he had created the story as a bedtime story for his son, Caspar. Fleming did not live to see <i>Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang</i> published; he died of a heart attack on 11 August 1964. The story was loosely adapted as a 1968 film <a href="/wiki/Chitty_Chitty_Bang_Bang" title="Chitty Chitty Bang Bang">of the same name</a> and the film was later adapted <a href="/wiki/Chitty_Chitty_Bang_Bang_(musical)" title="Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (musical)">as a stage musical</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang" title="Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(240_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)">Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Niobe" title="SMS Niobe">SMS <i>Niobe</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Writers" title="American Writers">American Writers</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_21,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 21, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_21,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 21, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_21,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_21,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_21,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 22</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 99px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grabmaljohannes13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Antipope John XXIII"><img alt="Tomb of Antipope John XXIII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grabmaljohannes13.jpg/99px-Grabmaljohannes13.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grabmaljohannes13.jpg/149px-Grabmaljohannes13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grabmaljohannes13.jpg/198px-Grabmaljohannes13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="2421"/></a></span></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Tomb of Antipope John XXIII">Tomb of Antipope John XXIII</a></b> was created by <a href="/wiki/Donatello" title="Donatello">Donatello</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelozzo" title="Michelozzo">Michelozzo</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Florence_Baptistery" title="Florence Baptistery">Florence Baptistery</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">the Duomo</a>. It was commissioned after <a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">Antipope John XXIII</a>'s death on December 22, 1419, and completed during the 1420s, establishing it as one of the early landmarks of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Florence#Renaissance" title="History of Florence">Renaissance Florence</a>. John XXIII had a long history of cooperation with Florence, which had viewed him as the legitimate pontiff during the <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a>. Its design included figures of the <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">three Virtues</a> in <a href="/wiki/Niche_(architecture)" title="Niche (architecture)">niches</a>, John XXIII's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">family arms</a>, a gilded bronze <a href="/wiki/Effigy" title="Effigy">recumbent effigy</a> laid out above an inscription-bearing <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">Madonna and Child</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Lunette" title="Lunette">half-lunette</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">canopy</a>. At its completion, the monument was the tallest sculpture in Florence. The tomb monument was the first of several collaborations between Donatello and Michelozzo; attribution of each design element to the artists, as well as interpretations of its design and <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, have been debated by art historians. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Tomb of Antipope John XXIII">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang" title="Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang">Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(240_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)">Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Niobe" title="SMS Niobe">SMS <i>Niobe</i></a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_22,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 22, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_22,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 22, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_22,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_22,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_22,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 23</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 192px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dog_crania_oberkassel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skull remains of the Bonn-Oberkassel dog"><img alt="Skull remains of the Bonn-Oberkassel dog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dog_crania_oberkassel.jpg/192px-Dog_crania_oberkassel.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dog_crania_oberkassel.jpg/288px-Dog_crania_oberkassel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dog_crania_oberkassel.jpg/384px-Dog_crania_oberkassel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3946" data-file-height="2092"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Skull remains of the Bonn-Oberkassel dog</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Oberkassel_dog" title="Bonn–Oberkassel dog">Bonn–Oberkassel dog</a></b> was a <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Late Paleolithic</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 12,000 BCE</span>) dog whose partial skeletal remains were found buried alongside two humans in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, Germany. Initially identified as a wolf upon its discovery in 1914, its remains were later separated and lost within the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>'s collections. These were reunited in the late 1970s, and the animal was re-identified as an early <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">domestic dog</a> and dated to the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d_Interstadial" title="Bølling–Allerød Interstadial">Late Glacial Interstadial</a>. It likely suffered and survived <a href="/wiki/Canine_distemper" title="Canine distemper">canine distemper</a> as a puppy, a disease with an almost 100% fatality rate in wild dogs and wolves. The puppy's survival likely required intensive care from humans, including food, water, and regular cleaning. This may show a close emotional bond between the humans and the dog, and possibly that it was regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pet</a> — perhaps by the humans it was buried alongside. The dog died aged around 7.5 months for unclear reasons; it may have died from natural causes, or have been <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">sacrificed</a> to be buried alongside the humans. (<b><a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Oberkassel_dog" title="Bonn–Oberkassel dog">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Tomb of Antipope John XXIII">Tomb of Antipope John XXIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang" title="Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang">Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(240_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)">Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_23,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 23, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_23,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 23, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_23,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_23,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_23,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 24</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 159px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The aftermath of the bombing"><img alt="The aftermath of the bombing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG/159px-1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG" decoding="async" width="159" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG/239px-1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG/318px-1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2930" data-file-height="2275"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">The aftermath of the bombing</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing" title="1964 Brinks Hotel bombing">Brinks Hotel bombing</a></b> in <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Saigon</a> occurred on December 24, 1964, during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. Two <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a> operatives detonated a car bomb under the hotel, which housed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> officers. The explosion killed two Americans and injured approximately 60. The Viet Cong commanders had two objectives: to demonstrate their ability to strike in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> should the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> decide to launch air raids against <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, and to show the South Vietnamese that the Americans could not be relied upon for protection. The bombing prompted debate within United States President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>'s administration. Most of his advisers favored retaliatory bombing of North Vietnam and the introduction of American combat troops, while Johnson preferred the existing strategy of training the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Army of the Republic of Vietnam">Army of the Republic of Vietnam</a> to protect South Vietnam from the Viet Cong. In the end, Johnson decided not to take retaliatory action. (<b><a href="/wiki/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing" title="1964 Brinks Hotel bombing">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Oberkassel_dog" title="Bonn–Oberkassel dog">Bonn–Oberkassel dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Tomb of Antipope John XXIII">Tomb of Antipope John XXIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang" title="Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang">Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_24,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 24, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_24,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 24, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_24,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_24,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_24,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 25</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 140px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meghan_Trainor_-_Macy%27s_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trainor in 2014"><img alt="Trainor in 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meghan_Trainor_-_Macy%27s_2014.jpg/140px-Meghan_Trainor_-_Macy%27s_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meghan_Trainor_-_Macy%27s_2014.jpg/210px-Meghan_Trainor_-_Macy%27s_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meghan_Trainor_-_Macy%27s_2014.jpg/280px-Meghan_Trainor_-_Macy%27s_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="2479"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Trainor in 2014</div></div> </div> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Trainor_Christmas" title="A Very Trainor Christmas">A Very Trainor Christmas</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Christmas album</a> by <a href="/wiki/Meghan_Trainor" title="Meghan Trainor">Meghan Trainor</a>. Honest OG Recording and <a href="/wiki/Epic_Records" title="Epic Records">Epic Records</a> released it on October 30, 2020. Trainor co-wrote the album with her brothers, Ryan and Justin, among others. It features artists such as <a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seth_MacFarlane" title="Seth MacFarlane">Seth MacFarlane</a>, Trainor's cousins and her father. The album covers Christmas standards such as "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Beginning_to_Look_a_Lot_Like_Christmas" title="It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas">It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas</a>" (1951) and "<a href="/wiki/Last_Christmas" title="Last Christmas">Last Christmas</a>" (1984), as well as six original recordings. Trainor promoted <i>A Very Trainor Christmas</i> with public appearances and televised performances, and by the release of Trainor and MacFarlane's cover of "<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>" (1942), which reached number one on the <a href="/wiki/Adult_Contemporary_(chart)" title="Adult Contemporary (chart)">Adult Contemporary</a> chart. Critical commentary for the album was generally positive; it reached number seven on the US <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Christmas_Holiday_charts#Top_Holiday_Albums" title="Billboard Christmas Holiday charts">Top Holiday Albums</a> chart. A deluxe edition was released on October 29, 2021, followed by a new version of the album on October 11, 2024. <i>(<b><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Trainor_Christmas" title="A Very Trainor Christmas">This article</a></b> is part of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics">featured topic</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics/Meghan_Trainor_albums" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics/Meghan Trainor albums">Meghan Trainor albums</a></b>.)</i> </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing" title="1964 Brinks Hotel bombing">1964 Brinks Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Oberkassel_dog" title="Bonn–Oberkassel dog">Bonn–Oberkassel dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Tomb of Antipope John XXIII">Tomb of Antipope John XXIII</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_25,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 25, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_25,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 25, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_25,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_25,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_25,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 26</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 117px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tony_Cascarino.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tony Cascarino, the club's leading scorer in 1984–85"><img alt="Tony Cascarino, the club's leading scorer in 1984–85" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tony_Cascarino.jpg/117px-Tony_Cascarino.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tony_Cascarino.jpg/176px-Tony_Cascarino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tony_Cascarino.jpg/234px-Tony_Cascarino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="376"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Cascarino" title="Tony Cascarino">Tony Cascarino</a>, the club's leading scorer in 1984–85</div></div> </div> <p>During <b><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Gillingham_F.C._season" title="1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season">Gillingham F.C.'s 1984–85 season</a></b>, they competed in the <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Third_Division" title="Football League Third Division">Football League Third Division</a>, the third tier of the <a href="/wiki/English_football_league_system" title="English football league system">English football league system</a>. It was the 53rd season in which <a href="/wiki/Gillingham_F.C." title="Gillingham F.C.">Gillingham</a> competed in <a href="/wiki/English_Football_League" title="English Football League">the Football League</a>, and the 35th since they were <a href="/wiki/Re-election_(Football_League)" title="Re-election (Football League)">voted back into the league</a> in 1950. Gillingham started the season with five wins in the first seven games and were challenging for a place in the top three of the <a href="/wiki/Ranking" title="Ranking">league table</a>, which would result in <a href="/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation" title="Promotion and relegation">promotion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division" title="Football League Second Division">Second Division</a>. The team's performances then declined, and by November they were in mid-table. They won 12 out of 16 games to go back up to second place, before a poor run in March meant that they again dropped out of the promotion places. Gillingham finished the season fourth in the table, missing promotion by one place. They also competed in three <a href="/wiki/Single-elimination_tournament" title="Single-elimination tournament">knock-out competitions</a>, winning no trophies, but won three times to reach the fourth round of the <a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_FA_Cup" title="1984–85 FA Cup">1984–85 FA Cup</a> before losing. The team played 56 competitive matches, and won 30. (<b><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Gillingham_F.C._season" title="1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Trainor_Christmas" title="A Very Trainor Christmas">A Very Trainor Christmas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing" title="1964 Brinks Hotel bombing">1964 Brinks Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Oberkassel_dog" title="Bonn–Oberkassel dog">Bonn–Oberkassel dog</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_26,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 26, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_26,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 26, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_26,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_26,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_26,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 27</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 116px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baba_Ra%C3%BAl_Ca%C3%B1izares.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Palo priest and his ritual objects"><img alt="A Palo priest and his ritual objects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Baba_Ra%C3%BAl_Ca%C3%B1izares.jpg/116px-Baba_Ra%C3%BAl_Ca%C3%B1izares.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Baba_Ra%C3%BAl_Ca%C3%B1izares.jpg/174px-Baba_Ra%C3%BAl_Ca%C3%B1izares.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Baba_Ra%C3%BAl_Ca%C3%B1izares.jpg/232px-Baba_Ra%C3%BAl_Ca%C3%B1izares.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1110"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">A Palo priest and his ritual objects</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></b> is an <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">African diasporic religion</a> that developed in Cuba during the late 19th or early 20th century. It draws heavily upon the traditional <a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo religion</a> of Central Africa, and from <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> and from <a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a>. Central to Palo is the <i>nganga</i>, usually made from an iron cauldron. Many <i>nganga</i> are regarded as material manifestations of ancestral or nature deities known as <i>mpungu</i>. The <i>nganga</i> may contain a wide range of objects, among the most important being sticks and human remains, the latter called <i>nfumbe</i>. In Palo, the presence of the <i>nfumbe</i> means that the spirit of that dead person inhabits the <i>nganga</i> and serves the possessor. The <i>nganga</i> is "fed" with the blood of <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">sacrificed animals</a> and other offerings. Palo is most heavily practiced in eastern Cuba although it is found throughout the island and abroad, including in other parts of the Americas such as Venezuela, Mexico, and the United States. Palo adherents have faced problems with police for <a href="/wiki/Grave_robbery" title="Grave robbery">grave robbery</a> to procure human bones. (<b><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Gillingham_F.C._season" title="1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season">1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Trainor_Christmas" title="A Very Trainor Christmas">A Very Trainor Christmas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing" title="1964 Brinks Hotel bombing">1964 Brinks Hotel bombing</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_27,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 27, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_27,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 27, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_27,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_27,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_27,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 28</b> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mylonas" title="George E. Mylonas">George E. Mylonas</a></b> (1898 – 1988) was a Greek <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologist</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Aegean_civilization" title="Aegean civilization">Aegean prehistory</a>. He excavated widely, particularly at <a href="/wiki/Olynthus" title="Olynthus">Olynthus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Eleusis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>, where he made the first archaeological study and publication of <a href="/wiki/Grave_Circle_B,_Mycenae" title="Grave Circle B, Mycenae">Grave Circle B</a>, the earliest known monumentalized burials at the site. Mylonas was born in <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a>, then part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and received an elite education. In 1924, he began working for the <a href="/wiki/American_School_of_Classical_Studies_at_Athens" title="American School of Classical Studies at Athens">American School of Classical Studies at Athens</a>. He took part in excavations at <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemea" title="Nemea">Nemea</a> and Olynthus under its auspices. He studied and taught at universities in Greece and the United States. He was prominent in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Society_of_Athens" title="Archaeological Society of Athens">Archaeological Society of Athens</a> and in efforts to conserve the monuments of the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a>. He had co-responsibility for the excavation of Mycenae's Grave Circle B in the early 1950s, and from 1957 until 1985 he excavated on the citadel of the site. His excavations at Mycenae have been credited with bringing coherence to the site. (<b><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mylonas" title="George E. Mylonas">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo (religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Gillingham_F.C._season" title="1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season">1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Trainor_Christmas" title="A Very Trainor Christmas">A Very Trainor Christmas</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_28,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 28, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_28,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 28, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_28,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_28,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_28,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 29</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 119px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juchi_Khan_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A modern statue of Jochi"><img alt="A modern statue of Jochi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Juchi_Khan_%28cropped%29.JPG/119px-Juchi_Khan_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="119" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Juchi_Khan_%28cropped%29.JPG/179px-Juchi_Khan_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Juchi_Khan_%28cropped%29.JPG/238px-Juchi_Khan_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1546"/></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">A modern statue of Jochi</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1182</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1225</span>) was a prince in the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>. For many months before his birth, his mother <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rte" title="Börte">Börte</a> had been a captive of the <a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit tribe</a>, one of whom forcibly married and raped her. Although there was thus considerable doubt over his parentage, Börte's husband <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> considered Jochi his son and treated him accordingly. Many Mongols, most prominently Börte's next son <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai</a>, disagreed; these tensions eventually caused Jochi's exclusion from the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">line of succession</a>. After Genghis founded the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> in 1206, he entrusted Jochi with nine thousand warriors and a large territory in the west of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Mongol heartland</a>; Jochi campaigned extensively to extend Mongol power in the region. He also commanded an army during the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire</a>, but during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gurganj" title="Siege of Gurganj">Siege of Gurganj</a> in 1221, tensions arose between him and his family. They were still estranged when Jochi died of ill health <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1225</span>. His descendants continued to rule his territories, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mylonas" title="George E. Mylonas">George E. Mylonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo (religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Gillingham_F.C._season" title="1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season">1984–85 Gillingham F.C. season</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_29,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 29, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_29,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 29, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_29,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_29,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_29,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 30</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 135px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papuan_Mountain_Pigeon_RWD6_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mountain Pigeon"><img alt="Mountain Pigeon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Papuan_Mountain_Pigeon_RWD6_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Papuan_Mountain_Pigeon_RWD6_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Papuan_Mountain_Pigeon_RWD6_%28cropped%29.jpg/203px-Papuan_Mountain_Pigeon_RWD6_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Papuan_Mountain_Pigeon_RWD6_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Papuan_Mountain_Pigeon_RWD6_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2756" data-file-height="2944"/></a></span></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mountain_pigeon" title="Mountain pigeon">Mountain pigeons</a></b> are four <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of birds in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i>Gymnophaps</i> in the pigeon <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbidae</a>. They are found on islands in eastern <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, where they inhabit hill and <a href="/wiki/Montane_ecosystems#Montane_forests" title="Montane ecosystems">montane forest</a>. Medium-sized pigeons with long tails and wings, they are 33–38.5 cm (13.0–15.2 in) long and weigh 259–385 g (9.1–13.6 oz). They mostly have dull grey, white, or chestnut-brown plumage, their most distinctive feature being bright red skin around the eyes. Males and females mostly look alike, but the <a href="/wiki/Papuan_mountain_pigeon" title="Papuan mountain pigeon">Papuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pale_mountain_pigeon" title="Pale mountain pigeon">pale mountain pigeons</a> show slight <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a>. They are <a href="/wiki/Sociality" title="Sociality">social</a> and are usually seen in <a href="/wiki/Flock_(birds)" title="Flock (birds)">flocks</a> of 10–40 birds, although some species can form flocks of more than 100. The genus was originally <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> by the Italian zoologist <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Salvadori" title="Tommaso Salvadori">Tommaso Salvadori</a> in 1874 and currently contains the Papuan, <a href="/wiki/Seram_mountain_pigeon" title="Seram mountain pigeon">Seram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buru_mountain_pigeon" title="Buru mountain pigeon">Buru</a>, and pale mountain pigeons. Mountain pigeons inhabit trees and feed on a wide variety of fruit. All four species are listed as being of <a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species">least concern</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mountain_pigeon" title="Mountain pigeon">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mylonas" title="George E. Mylonas">George E. Mylonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo (religion)</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_30,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 30, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_30,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 30, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_30,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_30,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_30,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <p><b>December 31</b> </p> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 188px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minneapolis_Skyline_looking_south.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Minneapolis_Skyline_looking_south.jpg/188px-Minneapolis_Skyline_looking_south.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Minneapolis_Skyline_looking_south.jpg/282px-Minneapolis_Skyline_looking_south.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Minneapolis_Skyline_looking_south.jpg/376px-Minneapolis_Skyline_looking_south.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4828" data-file-height="2672"/></a></span></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></b> is a city in and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hennepin_County,_Minnesota" title="Hennepin County, Minnesota">Hennepin County, Minnesota</a>, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Minnesota" title="List of cities in Minnesota">most populous city</a> as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>. Located in the state's center near the eastern border, it occupies both banks of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippi_River" title="Upper Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and adjoins <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a>, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Twin Cities</a>, a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. Minneapolis is known for cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Minneapolis is abundant in water, with <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Minneapolis" title="List of lakes in Minneapolis">thirteen lakes</a>, wetlands, the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, creeks, and waterfalls. The city's public park system is connected by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rounds_National_Scenic_Byway" title="Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway">Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota people</a> originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. For a time in the 19th century, Minneapolis was the lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis</a>, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. Minneapolis has a political landscape dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_pigeon" title="Mountain pigeon">Mountain pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mylonas" title="George E. Mylonas">George E. Mylonas</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist plainlinks metadata noprint" style="margin:0.5em 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_31,_2024" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 31, 2024">view</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Today%27s_featured_article/December_31,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 31, 2024 (page does not exist)">talk</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_31,_2024&action=edit">edit</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_31,_2024&action=history">history</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_31,_2024&action=watch">watch</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐864bbfd546‐2jlwm Cached time: 20241201000233 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.086 seconds CPU time usage: 0.919 seconds Real time usage: 1.356 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8381/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 489281/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 45431/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 58/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 238888/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.331/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23337346/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1066.863 1 -total 100.00% 1066.863 1 Template:TFA_archive 70.98% 757.245 31 Template:TFA_archive/day 31.33% 334.235 27 Template:Main_page_image/TFA 30.86% 329.212 27 Template:Main_page_image 18.04% 192.439 1 Wikipedia:Today's_featured_article/December_6,_2024 13.67% 145.878 3 Template:Lang 11.05% 117.889 27 Template:Str_number/trim 9.27% 98.891 1 Template:Sidebar 8.61% 91.903 27 Template:If_empty --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:74959719:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241201000233 and revision id 1178221154. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&oldid=1178221154">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&oldid=1178221154</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Today%27s_featured_article_archives" title="Category:Wikipedia Today's featured article archives">Wikipedia Today's featured article archives</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 October 2023, at 08:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-pmdzr","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.086"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.919","walltime":"1.356","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8381,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":489281,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":45431,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":58,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":238888,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1066.863 1 -total","100.00% 1066.863 1 Template:TFA_archive"," 70.98% 757.245 31 Template:TFA_archive/day"," 31.33% 334.235 27 Template:Main_page_image/TFA"," 30.86% 329.212 27 Template:Main_page_image"," 18.04% 192.439 1 Wikipedia:Today's_featured_article/December_6,_2024"," 13.67% 145.878 3 Template:Lang"," 11.05% 117.889 27 Template:Str_number/trim"," 9.27% 98.891 1 Template:Sidebar"," 8.61% 91.903 27 Template:If_empty"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.331","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23337346,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-864bbfd546-2jlwm","timestamp":"20241201000233","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>