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class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Actions</div> Automate any workflow </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"codespaces","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"codespaces_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/codespaces"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M3.5 3.75C3.5 2.784 4.284 2 5.25 2h13.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 18.75 13H5.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75Zm-2 12c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 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0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M1.5 4.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v12.5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" 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data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 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<label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="custom-scopes-dialog-title" aria-describedby="custom-scopes-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow 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API for Web Pages\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-lifecycle-api-for-web-pages\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Lifecycle API for Web Pages\" href=\"#lifecycle-api-for-web-pages\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLink to spec: \u003ca href=\"https://wicg.github.io/page-lifecycle/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://wicg.github.io/page-lifecycle/\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMotivation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-motivation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Motivation\" href=\"#motivation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor detailed motivation see \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.ejq0luje6eyb\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ethis doc\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith large numbers of web apps (and tabs) running, critical resources such as memory, CPU, battery, network etc easily get oversubscribed, leading to a bad end user experience.\nApplication lifecycle is a key way that modern OS' manage resources. On Android, iOS and also more recent Windows versions, apps can be started and stopped at will by the platform. This lets the platform streamline and re-allocate resources where they best benefit the user.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn the web, we’ve tackled this with one-off features eg. reactive tab-discarding in extreme memory pressure - which can break websites.\nWhile this is okay in the short term, in the long term it is important to incorporate first class support in the web platform, create the right incentive structure for web developers, and allow the system to proactively reallocate resources and avoid getting into extreme resource situations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor a platform to support application lifecycle, it needs to both:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eprovide developers with signals about transitions between the lifecycle states\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eprovide lifecycle-compatible APIs that allow key capabilities to work even when the app is backgrounded or stopped.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe web ecosystem lacks a clear lifecycle. This proposal attempts to define what the lifecycle of a web page is and add necessary extensions to enable supporting two important system interventions necessary for resource re-allocation:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTab discarding for memory saving\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCPU stopping for battery saving\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhereas mobile platforms have rich service-bound APIs that allow apps to deliver their experience when backgrounded, most of the web platform's capabilities are tab-coupled. Audio for instance only works when the tab is alive, so when a tab is killed in the background that plays audio, there is no way to keep that tab playing sound. A \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.5kyzj3e4880y\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003elist of background use-cases is here\u003c/a\u003e. In an ideal world, web apps would be able to deliver the experience they want to their users, without having to rely on their page always being resident and running on the machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLifecycle States\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-lifecycle-states\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Lifecycle States\" href=\"#lifecycle-states\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/blob/master/LifecycleStates.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/raw/master/LifecycleStates.png\" alt=\"Lifecycle States\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor details on the app lifecycle states and definitions see \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.edtdhepwctwy\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ethis doc\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis proposal formalizes states for FROZEN and DISCARDED.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eLifecycle State\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eVisibility\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDeveloper Expectation\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSystem Interventions\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFROZEN\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically HIDDEN frames will be FROZEN. It is possible for visible frames to be FROZEN\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHand off for background work and stop execution. Teardown and release resources. Report to analytics\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCPU suspension: stop CPU after N minutes based on resource constraints\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDISCARDED\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically FROZEN frames will be moved to DISCARDED. It is possible for PASSIVE frames to be DISCARDED\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSystem has discarded background tab to reclaim memory. If user revisits tab, this will reload the tab.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTab discarding for memory saving: fully unloaded, no memory consumption.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLifecycle states apply to frames: both toplevel and nested.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhen a background tab is transitioned to FROZEN, the entire frame tree will be consistently moved to FROZEN\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnd-of-life scenarios\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-end-of-life-scenarios\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: End-of-life scenarios\" href=\"#end-of-life-scenarios\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere are 3 high level scenarios for “end-of-life”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e1. System Exit (Interventions)\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-1-system-exit-interventions\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 1. System Exit (Interventions)\" href=\"#1-system-exit-interventions\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe system moves the app to FROZEN state and stops CPU usage, or the system moves the app to DISCARDED state and discards the app to reclaim memory. Handling this is in-scope for this proposal.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor detailed Scenarios and Requirements, see the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.rsruvllnv993\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003elist here\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn system exit, there is no guaranteed callback at the (very) time of system exit. This is consistent with mobile platforms (Android and iOS): in Android onPause is the guaranteed callback for user exit, on iOS the equivalent is willResignActive.\nOn Android and iOS the system kills background apps that were previously stopped / frozen; corresponding callbacks have already fired and there is no callback before system kill.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e2. User Exit\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-2-user-exit\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 2. User Exit\" href=\"#2-user-exit\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe user may close the tab (foreground or background) or navigate away OR on mobile, swipe the app away from task switcher. The user may background the app by minimizing the window OR on mobile by going to the homescreen and task switcher.\u003cbr\u003e\nOn user exit, the browser should \u003cstrong\u003eguarantee\u003c/strong\u003e that \u003cem\u003eone\u003c/em\u003e callback will fire and finish, before the app is torn down.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor categories of work that happen in end-of-life see the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.qftifuoc2315\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003elist of End-of-life use-cases here\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e3. Unexpected Termination\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-3-unexpected-termination\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 3. Unexpected Termination\" href=\"#3-unexpected-termination\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eApps can get killed in scenarios where it is not possible to deliver a callback, such as OOM crashes, OS kills the process under memory pressure, crashes or hangs due to browser bugs, device runs out of battery etc. Therefore it is possible for apps to transition from any state to TERMINATED without any callback being fired.\\\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is not possible to have a guaranteed callback execute in most of these scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMVP API\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-mvp-api\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: MVP API\" href=\"#mvp-api\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/blob/master/LifecycleCallbacks.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/raw/master/LifecycleCallbacks.png\" alt=\"Lifecycle Callbacks\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe following changes are included in the MVP:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e is fired to signal transition to FROZEN.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eonresume\u003c/code\u003e is fired to signal transition out of FROZEN. This will be used to undo what was done in \u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e above.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn DISCARDED -\u0026gt; ACTIVE, an attribute called \u003ccode\u003ewasDiscarded\u003c/code\u003e is added to the Document. This will be used to restore view state , when the user revisits a discarded tab.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e is also fired before transition to BFCACHE (before \u003ccode\u003epagehide\u003c/code\u003e is fired) and \u003ccode\u003eonresume\u003c/code\u003e is also fired on transition out of BFCACHE (after \u003ccode\u003epageshow\u003c/code\u003e is fired).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSuggestion for implementers: before moving app to DISCARDED it is recommended to run \u003ccode\u003ebeforeunload\u003c/code\u003e handler and if it returns string (i.e. needs to show modal dialog) then the tab discard should be omitted, to prevent risk of data loss.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReusing existing callbacks vs. Adding new callbacks\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-reusing-existing-callbacks-vs-adding-new-callbacks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Reusing existing callbacks vs. Adding new callbacks\" href=\"#reusing-existing-callbacks-vs-adding-new-callbacks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA previous version of this proposal reused pagehide / pageshow callbacks.\nWith the requirement that visible and occluded (ACTIVE \u0026amp; PASSIVE) frames can be FROZEN (not just HIDDEN frames), the cons really outweighed the pros of reusing. For detailed pros and cons see \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.5l9dky87m2l0\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhy add new callbacks at all?\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-why-add-new-callbacks-at-all\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Why add new callbacks at all?\" href=\"#why-add-new-callbacks-at-all\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhy cannot web apps simply use existing callbacks to deal with FROZEN and DISCARDED states?\nThe callbacks are necessary for several reasons:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTeardown and setup of expensive resources such as IDB and Web Locks\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMany apps rely on unload handler and no further callbacks are fired after onfreeze if the page is discarded. onfreeze provides a final callback for this need.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApps that often have multiple tabs open, such as Google Docs, need to coordinate app state across these tabs. Such apps rely on getting a callback before the page goes away, eg. Google Docs needs to release their (custom) lock.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinal communication to the server\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlatform predictability and transparency in the face of freezing \u0026amp; discarding interventions becoming the norm. Specifically helping:\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytics\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTesting story\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor details see \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.s64wegvpugn9\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ethis section of detailed doc\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAPI\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-api\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: API\" href=\"#api\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdditions to Document interface:\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-additions-to-document-interface\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Additions to Document interface:\" href=\"#additions-to-document-interface\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"partial interface Document {\n attribute EventHandler onfreeze;\n attribute EventHandler onresume;\n readonly attribute boolean wasDiscarded;\n};\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epartial interface Document {\n attribute EventHandler onfreeze;\n attribute EventHandler onresume;\n readonly attribute boolean wasDiscarded;\n};\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eHandling transition to FROZEN:\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-handling-transition-to-frozen\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Handling transition to FROZEN:\" href=\"#handling-transition-to-frozen\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"function handleFreeze(e) {\n // Handle transition to FROZEN\n}\ndocument.addEventListener(\u0026quot;freeze\u0026quot;, handleFreeze);\n\nOR\ndocument.onfreeze = function() { … }\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efunction handleFreeze(e) {\n // Handle transition to FROZEN\n}\ndocument.addEventListener(\"freeze\", handleFreeze);\n\nOR\ndocument.onfreeze = function() { … }\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNOTE: subsequently the app may get discarded, without firing another callback.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eHandling transition out of FROZEN:\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-handling-transition-out-of-frozen\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Handling transition out of FROZEN:\" href=\"#handling-transition-out-of-frozen\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"function handleResume(e) {\n // handle state transition FROZEN -\u0026gt; ACTIVE\n}\ndocument.addEventListener(\u0026quot;resume\u0026quot;, handleResume);\n\nOR\ndocument.onresume = function() { … }\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efunction handleResume(e) {\n // handle state transition FROZEN -\u0026gt; ACTIVE\n}\ndocument.addEventListener(\"resume\", handleResume);\n\nOR\ndocument.onresume = function() { … }\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eHandling of discarding, on next load:\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-handling-of-discarding-on-next-load\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Handling of discarding, on next load:\" href=\"#handling-of-discarding-on-next-load\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// If the tab was previously discarded, get the persisted state for the\n// client ID of the discarded tab:\nif (document.wasDiscarded) {\n getPersistedState(self.lastClientId);\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e// If the tab was previously discarded, get the persisted state for the\n// client ID of the discarded tab:\nif (document.wasDiscarded) {\n getPersistedState(self.lastClientId);\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePotential future addition\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-potential-future-addition\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Potential future addition\" href=\"#potential-future-addition\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn the future, if frame-level freezing (i.e. freeze specific frames within a page) is pursued, then the API could be enhanced to indicate which frame tree is frozen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// Indicate what is frozen exactly:\n// a. partial frame tree starting with current frame\n// b. partial frame tree starting with an ancestor frame\n// c. entire page in background\n// d. ...\nenum FrameLevel { ... };\n\ninterface FreezeEvent {\n readonly attribute FrameLevel frameLevel;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e// Indicate what is frozen exactly:\n// a. partial frame tree starting with current frame\n// b. partial frame tree starting with an ancestor frame\n// c. entire page in background\n// d. ...\nenum FrameLevel { ... };\n\ninterface FreezeEvent {\n readonly attribute FrameLevel frameLevel;\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCallbacks in State Transition Scenarios\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-callbacks-in-state-transition-scenarios\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Callbacks in State Transition Scenarios\" href=\"#callbacks-in-state-transition-scenarios\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA. System stops (CPU suspension) background tab; user revisits\u003cbr\u003e\n[HIDDEN] -------------\u0026gt; \u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e [FROZEN]\u003cbr\u003e\n--(user revisit)----\u0026gt; \u003ccode\u003eonresume\u003c/code\u003e [ACTIVE]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eB. System discards frozen tab; user revisits\u003cbr\u003e\n(previously called \u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e----\u0026gt; [FROZEN]\u003cbr\u003e\n----(tab discard)----\u0026gt; [DISCARDED]\u003cbr\u003e\n--(user revisit)----\u0026gt; [LOADING] -\u0026gt; (\u003ccode\u003eDocument::wasDiscarded\u003c/code\u003e is set) [ACTIVE]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eC. System discards background tab; user revisits\u003cbr\u003e\n[HIDDEN] ---(tab discard)------\u0026gt;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e [FROZEN] ---(system tab discard)---\u0026gt; [DISCARDED]\u003cbr\u003e\n--(user revisit)----\u0026gt; [LOADING] -\u0026gt; (\u003ccode\u003eDocument::wasDiscarded\u003c/code\u003e is set) [ACTIVE]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eState Transition\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eLifecycle Callback\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTrigger\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eExpected Developer Action\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eACTIVE -\u0026gt; HIDDEN\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eonvisibilitychange (hidden)\u003c/code\u003e (already exists)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDesktop: tab is in background, or window is fully hidden; Mobile: user clicks on task switcher or homescreen\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estop UI work; persist app state; report to analytics\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHIDDEN -\u0026gt; ACTIVE\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eonvisibilitychange (visible)\u003c/code\u003e (already exists)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUser revisits background tab\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eundo what was done above; report to analytics\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHIDDEN -\u0026gt; FROZEN\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSystem initiated CPU suspension; OR user navigate with bfcache\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ereport to analytics; teardown, release resources; hand off for background work and stop execution. Save transient UI state in case app is moved to DISCARDED.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFROZEN -\u0026gt; ACTIVE\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eonresume\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003euser revisits FROZEN tab or navigates back (bfcache)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eundo what was done above; report to analytics\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFROZEN -\u0026gt; DISCARDED\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(no callback)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSystem initiated tab-discard\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(no advance warning here)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDISCARDED -\u0026gt; ACTIVE\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(\u003ccode\u003eDocument::wasDiscarded\u003c/code\u003e is set)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003euser revisits tab after system tab discard\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003erestore transient UI state\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRestrictions and Capabilities in proposed callbacks\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-restrictions-and-capabilities-in-proposed-callbacks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Restrictions and Capabilities in proposed callbacks\" href=\"#restrictions-and-capabilities-in-proposed-callbacks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf excessive work is performed in the \u003ccode\u003eonfreeze\u003c/code\u003e callback fired on FROZEN, there is a cost to this in terms of resource consumption i.e. CPU, network.\nWe need to strike a balance between enabling the system to move the app to FROZEN for conserving resources AND enabling the app to take action without consuming excessive resources in these callbacks.\nTo accomplish this, the following will apply to the callback:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003enetwork activity will be disallowed, except for fetch keep-alive. This will allow final communication with server as well as meet needs of analytics.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eupper time limit of 500ms (total wall time) will be imposed. If the time limit is exceeded, the page will be discarded (instead of being FROZEN)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elegitimate async work like writing to IndexedDB will be supported. Current proposal for supporting this is here: \u003ca class=\"issue-link js-issue-link\" data-error-text=\"Failed to load title\" data-id=\"313064357\" data-permission-text=\"Title is private\" data-url=\"https://github.com/w3c/IndexedDB/issues/234\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/w3c/IndexedDB/issues/234/hovercard\" href=\"https://github.com/w3c/IndexedDB/issues/234\"\u003ew3c/IndexedDB#234\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGuarantess for end-of-life callbacks\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-guarantess-for-end-of-life-callbacks\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Guarantess for end-of-life callbacks\" href=\"#guarantess-for-end-of-life-callbacks\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat should be the “guaranteed” callback for the Web?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe should align with the mobile model (Android and iOS) on the web. For this we need to ensure the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eon user exit: only one callback is guaranteed to fire and complete\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eon system exit: above callback should have already fired, yet another callback is not guaranteed to fire (guarantee is simply not possible in many cases)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor #1, ideally all apps will transition through PASSIVE state before they can be killed and potentially we could, in the future, introduce a new callback here -- that is guaranteed.\nIn practice though, there is already a callback that is \"somewhat guaranteed\" - this is onvisibilitychange (there are bugs in browsers, causing it to not fire in some cases, and it is not really guaranteed on mobile).\nFor instance on mobile web, if the user goes to the homescreen OR task-switcher and then swipes away, then onvisibilitychange (with visibilityState being set to hidden) will fire (on homescreen, task-switcher) no other callback is fired on swipe (unload, pagehide etc).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNOTE\u003c/strong\u003e: On Android onvisibilitychange is called from the onStop method of Activity lifecycle which is NOT guaranteed to fire. If we added a callback for transition to PASSIVE (in the future), then it could be called from onPause method of Activity lifecycle - which is guaranteed to fire. Therefore adding a callback for PASSIVE state would be helpful for Android.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhile unload callback is widely used, it is fundamentally unreliable, for instance it does not fire on mobile if user goes to task-switcher and then swipes. There are currently no plans to make unload more reliable. (The long term vision is to replace it with declarative APIs for desktop)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor #2, callback for FROZEN state is not guaranteed on user exit scenarios.\nOn system exit scenarios, typically FROZEN callback (at least onvisibilitychange for sure) would have already fired previously BUT there is no guarantee that FROZEN callback \u003cem\u003emust\u003c/em\u003e have fired.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFurther Reading\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-further-reading\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Further Reading\" href=\"#further-reading\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor details on the following topics see the Master Doc:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.9u8nhnl3oez\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePersisting Transient View State\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.gam3mhyangg4\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHandling of Web Workers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.w3vi1ouug35y\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHandling Background Work and role of Service Worker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.5l9dky87m2l0\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAlternative Considered: reusing existing callbacks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.s64wegvpugn9\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAlternative Considered: no new callbacks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://webkit.org/blog/427/webkit-page-cache-i-the-basics/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWhat is bfcache?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"Lifecycle API for Web Pages","anchor":"lifecycle-api-for-web-pages","htmlText":"Lifecycle API for Web Pages"},{"level":2,"text":"Motivation","anchor":"motivation","htmlText":"Motivation"},{"level":3,"text":"Lifecycle States","anchor":"lifecycle-states","htmlText":"Lifecycle States"},{"level":3,"text":"End-of-life scenarios","anchor":"end-of-life-scenarios","htmlText":"End-of-life scenarios"},{"level":4,"text":"1. System Exit (Interventions)","anchor":"1-system-exit-interventions","htmlText":"1. System Exit (Interventions)"},{"level":4,"text":"2. User Exit","anchor":"2-user-exit","htmlText":"2. User Exit"},{"level":4,"text":"3. Unexpected Termination","anchor":"3-unexpected-termination","htmlText":"3. Unexpected Termination"},{"level":2,"text":"MVP API","anchor":"mvp-api","htmlText":"MVP API"},{"level":3,"text":"Reusing existing callbacks vs. Adding new callbacks","anchor":"reusing-existing-callbacks-vs-adding-new-callbacks","htmlText":"Reusing existing callbacks vs. Adding new callbacks"},{"level":3,"text":"Why add new callbacks at all?","anchor":"why-add-new-callbacks-at-all","htmlText":"Why add new callbacks at all?"},{"level":3,"text":"API","anchor":"api","htmlText":"API"},{"level":4,"text":"Additions to Document interface:","anchor":"additions-to-document-interface","htmlText":"Additions to Document interface:"},{"level":4,"text":"Handling transition to FROZEN:","anchor":"handling-transition-to-frozen","htmlText":"Handling transition to FROZEN:"},{"level":4,"text":"Handling transition out of FROZEN:","anchor":"handling-transition-out-of-frozen","htmlText":"Handling transition out of FROZEN:"},{"level":4,"text":"Handling of discarding, on next load:","anchor":"handling-of-discarding-on-next-load","htmlText":"Handling of discarding, on next load:"},{"level":4,"text":"Potential future addition","anchor":"potential-future-addition","htmlText":"Potential future addition"},{"level":3,"text":"Callbacks in State Transition Scenarios","anchor":"callbacks-in-state-transition-scenarios","htmlText":"Callbacks in State Transition Scenarios"},{"level":3,"text":"Restrictions and Capabilities in proposed callbacks","anchor":"restrictions-and-capabilities-in-proposed-callbacks","htmlText":"Restrictions and Capabilities in proposed callbacks"},{"level":3,"text":"Guarantess for end-of-life callbacks","anchor":"guarantess-for-end-of-life-callbacks","htmlText":"Guarantess for end-of-life callbacks"},{"level":3,"text":"Further Reading","anchor":"further-reading","htmlText":"Further Reading"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FWICG%2Fpage-lifecycle"}},{"displayName":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","repoName":"page-lifecycle","refName":"main","path":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","preferredFileType":"code_of_conduct","tabName":"Code of 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16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Link to spec: <a href="https://wicg.github.io/page-lifecycle/" rel="nofollow">https://wicg.github.io/page-lifecycle/</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Motivation</h2><a id="user-content-motivation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Motivation" href="#motivation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For detailed motivation see <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.ejq0luje6eyb" rel="nofollow">this doc</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">With large numbers of web apps (and tabs) running, critical resources such as memory, CPU, battery, network etc easily get oversubscribed, leading to a bad end user experience. Application lifecycle is a key way that modern OS' manage resources. On Android, iOS and also more recent Windows versions, apps can be started and stopped at will by the platform. This lets the platform streamline and re-allocate resources where they best benefit the user.</p> <p dir="auto">On the web, we’ve tackled this with one-off features eg. reactive tab-discarding in extreme memory pressure - which can break websites. While this is okay in the short term, in the long term it is important to incorporate first class support in the web platform, create the right incentive structure for web developers, and allow the system to proactively reallocate resources and avoid getting into extreme resource situations.</p> <p dir="auto">For a platform to support application lifecycle, it needs to both:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>provide developers with signals about transitions between the lifecycle states</li> <li>provide lifecycle-compatible APIs that allow key capabilities to work even when the app is backgrounded or stopped.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The web ecosystem lacks a clear lifecycle. This proposal attempts to define what the lifecycle of a web page is and add necessary extensions to enable supporting two important system interventions necessary for resource re-allocation:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Tab discarding for memory saving</li> <li>CPU stopping for battery saving</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Whereas mobile platforms have rich service-bound APIs that allow apps to deliver their experience when backgrounded, most of the web platform's capabilities are tab-coupled. Audio for instance only works when the tab is alive, so when a tab is killed in the background that plays audio, there is no way to keep that tab playing sound. A <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.5kyzj3e4880y" rel="nofollow">list of background use-cases is here</a>. In an ideal world, web apps would be able to deliver the experience they want to their users, without having to rely on their page always being resident and running on the machine.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Lifecycle States</h3><a id="user-content-lifecycle-states" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Lifecycle States" href="#lifecycle-states"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/blob/master/LifecycleStates.png"><img src="https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/raw/master/LifecycleStates.png" alt="Lifecycle States" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">For details on the app lifecycle states and definitions see <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.edtdhepwctwy" rel="nofollow">this doc</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">This proposal formalizes states for FROZEN and DISCARDED.</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Lifecycle State</th> <th>Visibility</th> <th>Developer Expectation</th> <th>System Interventions</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>FROZEN</td> <td>Typically HIDDEN frames will be FROZEN. It is possible for visible frames to be FROZEN</td> <td>Hand off for background work and stop execution. Teardown and release resources. Report to analytics</td> <td>CPU suspension: stop CPU after N minutes based on resource constraints</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DISCARDED</td> <td>Typically FROZEN frames will be moved to DISCARDED. It is possible for PASSIVE frames to be DISCARDED</td> <td>System has discarded background tab to reclaim memory. If user revisits tab, this will reload the tab.</td> <td>Tab discarding for memory saving: fully unloaded, no memory consumption.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Lifecycle states apply to frames: both toplevel and nested.</li> <li>When a background tab is transitioned to FROZEN, the entire frame tree will be consistently moved to FROZEN</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">End-of-life scenarios</h3><a id="user-content-end-of-life-scenarios" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: End-of-life scenarios" href="#end-of-life-scenarios"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">There are 3 high level scenarios for “end-of-life”.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">1. System Exit (Interventions)</h4><a id="user-content-1-system-exit-interventions" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 1. System Exit (Interventions)" href="#1-system-exit-interventions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The system moves the app to FROZEN state and stops CPU usage, or the system moves the app to DISCARDED state and discards the app to reclaim memory. Handling this is in-scope for this proposal.<br> For detailed Scenarios and Requirements, see the <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.rsruvllnv993" rel="nofollow">list here</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">On system exit, there is no guaranteed callback at the (very) time of system exit. This is consistent with mobile platforms (Android and iOS): in Android onPause is the guaranteed callback for user exit, on iOS the equivalent is willResignActive. On Android and iOS the system kills background apps that were previously stopped / frozen; corresponding callbacks have already fired and there is no callback before system kill.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">2. User Exit</h4><a id="user-content-2-user-exit" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 2. User Exit" href="#2-user-exit"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The user may close the tab (foreground or background) or navigate away OR on mobile, swipe the app away from task switcher. The user may background the app by minimizing the window OR on mobile by going to the homescreen and task switcher.<br> On user exit, the browser should <strong>guarantee</strong> that <em>one</em> callback will fire and finish, before the app is torn down.</p> <p dir="auto">For categories of work that happen in end-of-life see the <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.qftifuoc2315" rel="nofollow">list of End-of-life use-cases here</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">3. Unexpected Termination</h4><a id="user-content-3-unexpected-termination" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 3. Unexpected Termination" href="#3-unexpected-termination"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Apps can get killed in scenarios where it is not possible to deliver a callback, such as OOM crashes, OS kills the process under memory pressure, crashes or hangs due to browser bugs, device runs out of battery etc. Therefore it is possible for apps to transition from any state to TERMINATED without any callback being fired.\</p> <p dir="auto">It is not possible to have a guaranteed callback execute in most of these scenarios.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">MVP API</h2><a id="user-content-mvp-api" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: MVP API" href="#mvp-api"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/blob/master/LifecycleCallbacks.png"><img src="https://github.com/spanicker/web-lifecycle/raw/master/LifecycleCallbacks.png" alt="Lifecycle Callbacks" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">We following changes are included in the MVP:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>onfreeze</code> is fired to signal transition to FROZEN.</li> <li><code>onresume</code> is fired to signal transition out of FROZEN. This will be used to undo what was done in <code>onfreeze</code> above.</li> <li>On DISCARDED -> ACTIVE, an attribute called <code>wasDiscarded</code> is added to the Document. This will be used to restore view state , when the user revisits a discarded tab.</li> <li><code>onfreeze</code> is also fired before transition to BFCACHE (before <code>pagehide</code> is fired) and <code>onresume</code> is also fired on transition out of BFCACHE (after <code>pageshow</code> is fired).</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Suggestion for implementers: before moving app to DISCARDED it is recommended to run <code>beforeunload</code> handler and if it returns string (i.e. needs to show modal dialog) then the tab discard should be omitted, to prevent risk of data loss.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Reusing existing callbacks vs. Adding new callbacks</h3><a id="user-content-reusing-existing-callbacks-vs-adding-new-callbacks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Reusing existing callbacks vs. Adding new callbacks" href="#reusing-existing-callbacks-vs-adding-new-callbacks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A previous version of this proposal reused pagehide / pageshow callbacks. With the requirement that visible and occluded (ACTIVE & PASSIVE) frames can be FROZEN (not just HIDDEN frames), the cons really outweighed the pros of reusing. For detailed pros and cons see <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.5l9dky87m2l0" rel="nofollow">here</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Why add new callbacks at all?</h3><a id="user-content-why-add-new-callbacks-at-all" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Why add new callbacks at all?" href="#why-add-new-callbacks-at-all"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Why cannot web apps simply use existing callbacks to deal with FROZEN and DISCARDED states? The callbacks are necessary for several reasons:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Teardown and setup of expensive resources such as IDB and Web Locks</li> <li>Many apps rely on unload handler and no further callbacks are fired after onfreeze if the page is discarded. onfreeze provides a final callback for this need. <ul dir="auto"> <li>Apps that often have multiple tabs open, such as Google Docs, need to coordinate app state across these tabs. Such apps rely on getting a callback before the page goes away, eg. Google Docs needs to release their (custom) lock.</li> <li>Final communication to the server</li> </ul> </li> <li>Platform predictability and transparency in the face of freezing & discarding interventions becoming the norm. Specifically helping: <ul dir="auto"> <li>Analytics</li> <li>Testing story</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">For details see <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.s64wegvpugn9" rel="nofollow">this section of detailed doc</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">API</h3><a id="user-content-api" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: API" href="#api"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Additions to Document interface:</h4><a id="user-content-additions-to-document-interface" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Additions to Document interface:" href="#additions-to-document-interface"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="partial interface Document { attribute EventHandler onfreeze; attribute EventHandler onresume; readonly attribute boolean wasDiscarded; };"><pre class="notranslate"><code>partial interface Document { attribute EventHandler onfreeze; attribute EventHandler onresume; readonly attribute boolean wasDiscarded; }; </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Handling transition to FROZEN:</h4><a id="user-content-handling-transition-to-frozen" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Handling transition to FROZEN:" href="#handling-transition-to-frozen"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="function handleFreeze(e) { // Handle transition to FROZEN } document.addEventListener("freeze", handleFreeze); OR document.onfreeze = function() { … }"><pre class="notranslate"><code>function handleFreeze(e) { // Handle transition to FROZEN } document.addEventListener("freeze", handleFreeze); OR document.onfreeze = function() { … } </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">NOTE: subsequently the app may get discarded, without firing another callback.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Handling transition out of FROZEN:</h4><a id="user-content-handling-transition-out-of-frozen" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Handling transition out of FROZEN:" href="#handling-transition-out-of-frozen"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="function handleResume(e) { // handle state transition FROZEN -> ACTIVE } document.addEventListener("resume", handleResume); OR document.onresume = function() { … }"><pre class="notranslate"><code>function handleResume(e) { // handle state transition FROZEN -> ACTIVE } document.addEventListener("resume", handleResume); OR document.onresume = function() { … } </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Handling of discarding, on next load:</h4><a id="user-content-handling-of-discarding-on-next-load" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Handling of discarding, on next load:" href="#handling-of-discarding-on-next-load"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// If the tab was previously discarded, get the persisted state for the // client ID of the discarded tab: if (document.wasDiscarded) { getPersistedState(self.lastClientId); }"><pre class="notranslate"><code>// If the tab was previously discarded, get the persisted state for the // client ID of the discarded tab: if (document.wasDiscarded) { getPersistedState(self.lastClientId); } </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Potential future addition</h4><a id="user-content-potential-future-addition" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Potential future addition" href="#potential-future-addition"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In the future, if frame-level freezing (i.e. freeze specific frames within a page) is pursued, then the API could be enhanced to indicate which frame tree is frozen.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// Indicate what is frozen exactly: // a. partial frame tree starting with current frame // b. partial frame tree starting with an ancestor frame // c. entire page in background // d. ... enum FrameLevel { ... }; interface FreezeEvent { readonly attribute FrameLevel frameLevel; }"><pre class="notranslate"><code>// Indicate what is frozen exactly: // a. partial frame tree starting with current frame // b. partial frame tree starting with an ancestor frame // c. entire page in background // d. ... enum FrameLevel { ... }; interface FreezeEvent { readonly attribute FrameLevel frameLevel; } </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Callbacks in State Transition Scenarios</h3><a id="user-content-callbacks-in-state-transition-scenarios" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Callbacks in State Transition Scenarios" href="#callbacks-in-state-transition-scenarios"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">A. System stops (CPU suspension) background tab; user revisits<br> [HIDDEN] -------------> <code>onfreeze</code> [FROZEN]<br> --(user revisit)----> <code>onresume</code> [ACTIVE]</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">B. System discards frozen tab; user revisits<br> (previously called <code>onfreeze</code>----> [FROZEN]<br> ----(tab discard)----> [DISCARDED]<br> --(user revisit)----> [LOADING] -> (<code>Document::wasDiscarded</code> is set) [ACTIVE]</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">C. System discards background tab; user revisits<br> [HIDDEN] ---(tab discard)------><br> <code>onfreeze</code> [FROZEN] ---(system tab discard)---> [DISCARDED]<br> --(user revisit)----> [LOADING] -> (<code>Document::wasDiscarded</code> is set) [ACTIVE]</p> </li> </ul> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>State Transition</th> <th>Lifecycle Callback</th> <th>Trigger</th> <th>Expected Developer Action</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>ACTIVE -> HIDDEN</td> <td><code>onvisibilitychange (hidden)</code> (already exists)</td> <td>Desktop: tab is in background, or window is fully hidden; Mobile: user clicks on task switcher or homescreen</td> <td>stop UI work; persist app state; report to analytics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HIDDEN -> ACTIVE</td> <td><code>onvisibilitychange (visible)</code> (already exists)</td> <td>User revisits background tab</td> <td>undo what was done above; report to analytics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HIDDEN -> FROZEN</td> <td><code>onfreeze</code></td> <td>System initiated CPU suspension; OR user navigate with bfcache</td> <td>report to analytics; teardown, release resources; hand off for background work and stop execution. Save transient UI state in case app is moved to DISCARDED.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FROZEN -> ACTIVE</td> <td><code>onresume</code></td> <td>user revisits FROZEN tab or navigates back (bfcache)</td> <td>undo what was done above; report to analytics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FROZEN -> DISCARDED</td> <td>(no callback)</td> <td>System initiated tab-discard</td> <td>(no advance warning here)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DISCARDED -> ACTIVE</td> <td>(<code>Document::wasDiscarded</code> is set)</td> <td>user revisits tab after system tab discard</td> <td>restore transient UI state</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Restrictions and Capabilities in proposed callbacks</h3><a id="user-content-restrictions-and-capabilities-in-proposed-callbacks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Restrictions and Capabilities in proposed callbacks" href="#restrictions-and-capabilities-in-proposed-callbacks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If excessive work is performed in the <code>onfreeze</code> callback fired on FROZEN, there is a cost to this in terms of resource consumption i.e. CPU, network. We need to strike a balance between enabling the system to move the app to FROZEN for conserving resources AND enabling the app to take action without consuming excessive resources in these callbacks. To accomplish this, the following will apply to the callback:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>network activity will be disallowed, except for fetch keep-alive. This will allow final communication with server as well as meet needs of analytics.</li> <li>upper time limit of 500ms (total wall time) will be imposed. If the time limit is exceeded, the page will be discarded (instead of being FROZEN)</li> <li>legitimate async work like writing to IndexedDB will be supported. Current proposal for supporting this is here: <a class="issue-link js-issue-link" data-error-text="Failed to load title" data-id="313064357" data-permission-text="Title is private" data-url="https://github.com/w3c/IndexedDB/issues/234" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/w3c/IndexedDB/issues/234/hovercard" href="https://github.com/w3c/IndexedDB/issues/234">w3c/IndexedDB#234</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Guarantess for end-of-life callbacks</h3><a id="user-content-guarantess-for-end-of-life-callbacks" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Guarantess for end-of-life callbacks" href="#guarantess-for-end-of-life-callbacks"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>What should be the “guaranteed” callback for the Web?</strong></p> <p dir="auto">We should align with the mobile model (Android and iOS) on the web. For this we need to ensure the following:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li>on user exit: only one callback is guaranteed to fire and complete</li> <li>on system exit: above callback should have already fired, yet another callback is not guaranteed to fire (guarantee is simply not possible in many cases)</li> </ol> <p dir="auto">For #1, ideally all apps will transition through PASSIVE state before they can be killed and potentially we could, in the future, introduce a new callback here -- that is guaranteed. In practice though, there is already a callback that is "somewhat guaranteed" - this is onvisibilitychange (there are bugs in browsers, causing it to not fire in some cases, and it is not really guaranteed on mobile). For instance on mobile web, if the user goes to the homescreen OR task-switcher and then swipes away, then onvisibilitychange (with visibilityState being set to hidden) will fire (on homescreen, task-switcher) no other callback is fired on swipe (unload, pagehide etc).</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>NOTE</strong>: On Android onvisibilitychange is called from the onStop method of Activity lifecycle which is NOT guaranteed to fire. If we added a callback for transition to PASSIVE (in the future), then it could be called from onPause method of Activity lifecycle - which is guaranteed to fire. Therefore adding a callback for PASSIVE state would be helpful for Android.</p> <p dir="auto">While unload callback is widely used, it is fundamentally unreliable, for instance it does not fire on mobile if user goes to task-switcher and then swipes. There are currently no plans to make unload more reliable. (The long term vision is to replace it with declarative APIs for desktop)</p> <p dir="auto">For #2, callback for FROZEN state is not guaranteed on user exit scenarios. On system exit scenarios, typically FROZEN callback (at least onvisibilitychange for sure) would have already fired previously BUT there is no guarantee that FROZEN callback <em>must</em> have fired.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Further Reading</h3><a id="user-content-further-reading" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Further Reading" href="#further-reading"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For details on the following topics see the Master Doc:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.9u8nhnl3oez" rel="nofollow">Persisting Transient View State</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.gam3mhyangg4" rel="nofollow">Handling of Web Workers</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.w3vi1ouug35y" rel="nofollow">Handling Background Work and role of Service Worker</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.5l9dky87m2l0" rel="nofollow">Alternative Considered: reusing existing callbacks</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuS6ff4Fd4igZgL50LDS8MeROVrOfkN13RbiP2nTT9I/edit#heading=h.s64wegvpugn9" rel="nofollow">Alternative Considered: no new callbacks</a></li> <li><a href="https://webkit.org/blog/427/webkit-page-cache-i-the-basics/" rel="nofollow">What is bfcache?</a></li> </ul> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="bn0ojMZZbjR0Y+OiZP+UqpaIM62uqSiAZg1lQwnPp0EsUxkTy8UWc5JGrK1N5o81AE/BIZnKVRbpKwDdG4gK5Q==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> Lifecycle API to support system initiated discarding and freezing </p> <div class="my-3 d-flex flex-items-center"> <svg 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</div> <h3 class="sr-only">Resources</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:readme"}" href="#readme-ov-file"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book mr-2"> <path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path> </svg> Readme </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">License</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="#License-1-ov-file" class="Link--muted" 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3.88 11 3 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L2.178 4.5H1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.234a.249.249 0 0 0 .125-.033l1.288-.737c.265-.15.564-.23.869-.23h.984V.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm2.945 8.477c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L13 6.327Zm-10 0c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L3 6.327Z"></path> </svg> View license </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Code of conduct</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="#coc-ov-file" class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:code of conduct"}" > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-of-conduct mr-2"> <path d="M8.048 2.241c.964-.709 2.079-1.238 3.325-1.241a4.616 4.616 0 0 1 3.282 1.355c.41.408.757.86.996 1.428.238.568.348 1.206.347 1.968 0 2.193-1.505 4.254-3.081 5.862-1.496 1.526-3.213 2.796-4.249 3.563l-.22.163a.749.749 0 0 1-.895 0l-.221-.163c-1.036-.767-2.753-2.037-4.249-3.563C1.51 10.008.007 7.952.002 5.762a4.614 4.614 0 0 1 1.353-3.407C3.123.585 6.223.537 8.048 2.24Zm-1.153.983c-1.25-1.033-3.321-.967-4.48.191a3.115 3.115 0 0 0-.913 2.335c0 1.556 1.109 3.24 2.652 4.813C5.463 11.898 6.96 13.032 8 13.805c.353-.262.758-.565 1.191-.905l-1.326-1.223a.75.75 0 0 1 1.018-1.102l1.48 1.366c.328-.281.659-.577.984-.887L9.99 9.802a.75.75 0 1 1 1.019-1.103l1.384 1.28c.295-.329.566-.661.81-.995L12.92 8.7l-1.167-1.168c-.674-.671-1.78-.664-2.474.03-.268.269-.538.537-.802.797-.893.882-2.319.843-3.185-.032-.346-.35-.693-.697-1.043-1.047a.75.75 0 0 1-.04-1.016c.162-.191.336-.401.52-.623.62-.748 1.356-1.637 2.166-2.417Zm7.112 4.442c.313-.65.491-1.293.491-1.916v-.001c0-.614-.088-1.045-.23-1.385-.143-.339-.357-.633-.673-.949a3.111 3.111 0 0 0-2.218-.915c-1.092.003-2.165.627-3.226 1.602-.823.755-1.554 1.637-2.228 2.45l-.127.154.562.566a.755.755 0 0 0 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viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-note mr-2"> <path d="M0 3.75C0 2.784.784 2 1.75 2h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM3.5 6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h7a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-7a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm.75 2.25h4a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Custom properties</span> </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Stars</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/WICG/page-lifecycle/stargazers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>154</strong> stars </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/WICG/page-lifecycle/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>22</strong> watching </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/WICG/page-lifecycle/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>12</strong> forks </a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FWICG%2Fpage-lifecycle&report=WICG+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" hidden> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <include-fragment src="/WICG/page-lifecycle/used_by_list" accept="text/fragment+html"> </include-fragment> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/WICG/page-lifecycle/graphs/contributors" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center"> Contributors <span title="6" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">6</span> </a></h2> <include-fragment src="/WICG/page-lifecycle/contributors_list?count=6&current_repository=page-lifecycle&items_to_show=6" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading contributors"> <ul 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1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details> </template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div> </div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> </body> </html>