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African land snails</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: giant African land snails"> <meta name="keywords" content="giant African land snails"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="giant African land snails"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3595</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: giant African land snails</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3595</span> Effect of Moringa Oleifera on Liveweight Reproductive Tract Dimention of Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Abiona">J. A. Abiona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Fabinu"> O. O. Fabinu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Ehimiyein"> O. O. Ehimiyein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Ladokun"> A. O. Ladokun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O.%20Abioja"> M. O. Abioja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Daramola"> J. O. Daramola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20E.%20Oke"> O. E. Oke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Osinowo"> O. A. Osinowo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20M.%20Onagbesan"> O. M. Onagbesan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted on the effect of Moringa oleifera on liveweight and reproductive tract dimension of Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata). Thirty two snails (32) with weight range of 100 – 150 g were used for this study. Eight snails (8) were subjected to each of the four treatments which were: Concentrate only, concentrate + 100g of Moringa oleifera, concentrate + 200g of Moringa oleifera and concentrate + 300g of Moringa oleifera. Parameters monitored were: Shell length, shell width, shell circumference and weekly live weight. Reproductive tract dimension taken include: Organ weight (ORGWT), reproductive tract weight (REPTWT), reproductive tract length (REPTLNT), ovo-tesis weight (OVOWT), edible part weight (EDPTWT), albumen weight (ALBWT) and albumen length (ALBLNT). Shell dimensions and the live weight were measured and recorded on a weekly basis with a tape rule and a sensitive weighing scale. After nine weeks, six snails were randomly selected from each treatment and dissected. Their reproductive tracts were removed and dimensions were taken. The result showed that ORGWT, OVOWT, ALBWT, ALBLNT, REPTLNT and REPTWT were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by different levels of Moringa oleifera inclusions with concentrate. However, Moringa oleifera inclusion with concentrate at different levels had significant effect (P<0.001) on Live weight, shell length and shell diameters of the animal. Snails given 300 g of Moringa oleifera per kilogramme of concentrate gave the highest live weight and shell length together with shell diameter. It was however recommended from this study that inclusion of Moringa oleifera leave meal into snail feed at 300 g per kg of concentrate would enhance live weight and shell parameters (length and width). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20tract" title="reproductive tract">reproductive tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20African%20land%20snails" title=" giant African land snails"> giant African land snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oleifera" title=" Moringa oleifera"> Moringa oleifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=live%20weight" title=" live weight"> live weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20dimension" title=" shell dimension"> shell dimension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15605/effect-of-moringa-oleifera-on-liveweight-reproductive-tract-dimention-of-giant-african-land-snail-archachatina-marginata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3594</span> Influence of Season, Temperature, and Photoperiod on Growth of the Land Snail Helix aperta</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Benbellil-Tafoughalt">S. Benbellil-Tafoughalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Koene"> J. M. Koene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Growth strategies are often plastic and influenced by environmental conditions. Terrestrial gastropods are particularly affected by seasonal and climatic variables, and growth rate and size at maturity are key traits in their life history. Therefore, we investigated juvenile growth of Helix aperta snails under four combinations of temperature and photoperiod using two sets of young snails, born in the laboratory from adults collected in either the autumn (aestivating snails) or spring (active snails). Parental snails were collected from Bakaro (Northeastern Algeria). Higher temperature increased adult size and reduced time to reproduction. Long day photoperiod also increased the final body weight, but had no effect on the length of the growth period. The season of birth had significant effects on length of the growth period and weight of hatchings, whereas this weight difference disappeared by adulthood. The spring snails took less time to develop and reached similar adult body weight as the autumn snails. These differences may be due to differences in egg size or quality between the snails from different seasons. More rapid growth in spring snails results in larger snails entering aestivation, a period with size-related mortality in this species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title="growth">growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A9lix%20aperta" title=" Hélix aperta"> Hélix aperta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoperiod" title=" photoperiod"> photoperiod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25190/influence-of-season-temperature-and-photoperiod-on-growth-of-the-land-snail-helix-aperta" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3593</span> Galawaste Meal as Dietary Supplement in Practical Diets for African Giant Catfish Clarias Gariepinus Burchell 1822 Fingerlings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20O.%20Fakunmoju">G. O. Fakunmoju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20Fakunmoju"> F. A. Fakunmoju </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth response of African giant catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with varying levels of Galawaste based diet, 300 clarias gariepinus fingerlings with mean body weight 10 ± 0.1g were assigned to five (treatment levels in which Gala waste meal replaced maize at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% respectively in a completely randomized design. The trial fish were fed at 5% body weight daily for a period of 84 days. Data collected showed that body weight gain increased with an increase gala waste meal in the diet (P<0.05). The similar observation was recorded for feed intake but there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in feed conversion ratio among the treatments. All the fish fed the test ingredients performed better than the control groups hence, Gala waste meal could be recommended as a dietary supplement in the diet of African Giant Catfish. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galawaste%20meal" title="Galawaste meal">Galawaste meal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20gariepinus" title=" Clarias gariepinus"> Clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replacement" title=" replacement"> replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diets" title=" diets"> diets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16679/galawaste-meal-as-dietary-supplement-in-practical-diets-for-african-giant-catfish-clarias-gariepinus-burchell-1822-fingerlings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3592</span> The Potential Effect of Sexual Selection on the Distal Genitalia Variability of the Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Land Snail Helix aperta in Bejaia/Kabylia/Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benbellil-Tafoughalt%20Saida">Benbellil-Tafoughalt Saida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tababouchet%20Meriem"> Tababouchet Meriem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sexual selection is the most supported explanation for genital extravagance occurring in animals. In promiscuous species, population density, as well as climate conditions, may act on the sperm competition intensity, one of the most important mechanism of post-copulatory sexual selection. The present study is empirical testing of sexual selection's potential role on genitalia variation in the simultanuously hermaphroditic land snail Helixaperta (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). The purpose was to detect the patterns as well as the origin of the distal genitalia variability and especially to test the potential effect of sexual selection. The study was performed on four populations, H. aperta, different in habitat humidity regimes and presenting variable densities, which were mostly low. The organs of interest were those involved in spermatophore production, reception, and manipulation. We examined whether the evolution of those organs is connected to sperm competition intensity which is traduced by both population density and microclimate humidity. We also tested the hypothesis that those organs evolve in response to shell size. The results revealed remarkable differences in both snails’ size and organs lengths between populations. In most cases, the length of genitalia correlated positively to snails’ body size. Interestingly, snails from the more humid microclimate presented the highest mean weight and shell dimensions comparing to those from the less humid microclimate. However, we failed to establish any relation between snail densities and any of the measured genitalia traits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilization%20pouch" title="fertilization pouch">fertilization pouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helix%20aperta" title=" helix aperta"> helix aperta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20snails" title=" land snails"> land snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproduction" title=" reproduction"> reproduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sperm%20storage" title=" sperm storage"> sperm storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spermatheca" title=" spermatheca"> spermatheca</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142724/the-potential-effect-of-sexual-selection-on-the-distal-genitalia-variability-of-the-simultaneously-hermaphroditic-land-snail-helix-aperta-in-bejaiakabyliaalgeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3591</span> Surveying Coastal Society Perception on Giant Sea Wall Jakarta Development Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Asfari">Ammar Asfari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faizah%20Finur%20Fithriah"> Faizah Finur Fithriah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shighia%20Ajeng%20Savitri"> Shighia Ajeng Savitri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia held an important role for the country, that is being the city where central government is located. But its topographic character which categorized as lowland area is causing an ultimate trouble. With average height of 7 meters above the sea level, flood keeps occurring in this city. On the other hand, water exploitation that caused land subsidence and sea-levels increasing by global warming make it even worse. Giant Sea Wall Development is a project created by Jakarta’s government to overcome flood, which is inspired by Saemangeum Dam in South Korea. For further planning, Giant Sea Wall is planned to be water reservoir for Jakarta’s inhabitants. This research’s aim is to fully understand the knowledge and opinion of people living in North Jakarta (Jakarta’s Coastal Area) on Giant Sea Wall development planning using qualitative method analysis with descriptive approach. The result of this research will be one of the determining factors in Giant Sea Wall Jakarta development planning continuance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20approach" title="descriptive approach">descriptive approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giant%20Sea%20Wall%20Jakarta" title=" Giant Sea Wall Jakarta"> Giant Sea Wall Jakarta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20method%20analysis" title=" qualitative method analysis"> qualitative method analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society%20perception" title=" society perception"> society perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55034/surveying-coastal-society-perception-on-giant-sea-wall-jakarta-development-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3590</span> An Academic Theory on a Sustainable Evaluation of Achatina Fulica Within Ethekwini, KwaZulu-Natal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibusiso%20Trevor%20Tshabalala">Sibusiso Trevor Tshabalala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Lubbe"> Samuel Lubbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vince%20Vuledzani%20Ndou"> Vince Vuledzani Ndou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dependency on chemicals has had many disadvantages in pest management control strategies. Such genetic rodenticide resistance and secondary exposure risk are what is currently being experienced. Emphasis on integrated pest management suggests that to control future pests, early intervention and economic threshold development are key starting points in crop production. The significance of this research project is to help establish a relationship between Giant African Land Snail (Achatina Fulica) solution extract, its shell chemical properties, and farmer’s perceptions of biological control in eThekwini Municipality Agri-hubs. A mixed design approach to collecting data will be explored using a trial layout in the field and through interviews. The experimental area will be explored using a split-plot design that will be replicated and arranged in a randomised complete block design. The split-plot will have 0, 10, 20 and 30 liters of water to one liter of snail solution extract. Plots were 50 m² each with a spacing of 12 m between each plot and a plant spacing of 0.5 m (inter-row) ‘and 0.5 m (intra-row). Trials will be irrigated using sprinkler irrigation, with objective two being added to the mix every 4-5 days. The expected outcome will be improved soil fertility and micro-organisms population proliferation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20african%20land%20snail" title="giant african land snail">giant african land snail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20pest%20management" title=" integrated pest management"> integrated pest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20rodenticide%20resistance" title=" genetic rodenticide resistance"> genetic rodenticide resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20future%20pests" title=" control future pests"> control future pests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20chemical%20properties" title=" shell chemical properties"> shell chemical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155715/an-academic-theory-on-a-sustainable-evaluation-of-achatina-fulica-within-ethekwini-kwazulu-natal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3589</span> Impact of Bacillus subtilis Exotoxins on Fecundity, Sex Hormones and Release of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20Youssef">Alaa A. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20El-Emam"> Mohamed A. El-Emam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Momeana%20B.%20Mahmoud"> Momeana B. Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20%20Ragheb"> Mona Ragheb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by a parasitic trematode worm called Schistosoma. Biological control of the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma is one of the promising methods for eliminating this disease in Egypt. The molluscicidal activity of exotoxins secreted from Bacillus subtilis bacteria was studied. The effect of these exotoxins was studied on the fecundity of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni; the fecundity includes the reproductive rate (R0) of B. alexandrina snails and levels of sex hormones (progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol). Moreover, the cercarial production of S. mansoni was determined. The results showed a significant reduction in the egg-laying capacity of the treated snails after exposure to sublethal concentrations ( LC10 and LC25) of B. Subtilis exotoxins; this reduction reached 70% at LC25. Moreover, B. Subtilis exotoxins' significantly suppressed the cercarial production of B. alexandrina snails. It is concluded that the exotoxins of Bacillus subtilis bacteria play an important role in the interference of the Schistosomiasis transmission, hence should be applied in the strategy of schistosomiasis control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schistosomiasis" title="schistosomiasis">schistosomiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biomphalaria%20alexandrina%20snails" title=" Biomphalaria alexandrina snails"> Biomphalaria alexandrina snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20bacteria" title=" Bacillus subtilis bacteria"> Bacillus subtilis bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecundity" title=" fecundity"> fecundity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20hormones" title=" sex hormones"> sex hormones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111495/impact-of-bacillus-subtilis-exotoxins-on-fecundity-sex-hormones-and-release-of-schistosoma-mansoni-cercariae-in-biomphalaria-alexandrina-snails" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3588</span> Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S-Transferase and Catalase Activities in the Land Snail Helix aspersa Exposed to Thiamethoxam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ait%20Hamlet%20Smina">Ait Hamlet Smina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bensoltane%20Samira"> Bensoltane Samira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djekoun%20Mohamed"> Djekoun Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berrebbah%20Houria"> Berrebbah Houria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Algeria, the use of insecticides and other phytosanitary products are considerably spreading with the development of agriculture. But, the analyses of the residues of pesticides are not systematically made. In this context, we estimated through an experimental study, the effect of a neonicotinoid insecticide, the thiamethoxam which is used as a commercial preparation on the land snail Helix aspersa. This snail is one of the most abundant gastropod in North-East Algeria. Little information is available in the literature concerning the study of the biochemical markers of mollusks which are exposed to insecticides and especially, thiamethoxam.In this work, adult snails Helix aspersa were used to estimate the effect of a neonicotinoid insecticide (thiamethoxam) on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities in this gastropod after a treatment of 6 weeks. During this period, snails were exposed by ingestion and contact to fresh lettuce leaves which were soaked with an insecticide solution. The thiamethoxam test solutions were 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, which are lower or equal to the concentrations that are applied in field. The results showed that the enzymatic activities of AChE and GST and CAT increased significantly with a dose-dependent manner. These results confirmed the toxic effect of thiamethoxam on snails exposed to the lettuce contaminated with this neonicotinoid insecticide, likely to be used as biomarker of exposure, at first to thiamethoxam then to other insecticides belonging to the same chemical family, currently present in the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helix%20aspersa" title="helix aspersa">helix aspersa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide" title=" insecticide"> insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiamethoxam" title=" thiamethoxam"> thiamethoxam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AChE" title=" AChE"> AChE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GST" title=" GST"> GST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAT" title=" CAT "> CAT </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13086/evaluation-of-acetylcholinesterase-glutathione-s-transferase-and-catalase-activities-in-the-land-snail-helix-aspersa-exposed-to-thiamethoxam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3587</span> Studies on the Emergence Pattern of Cercariae from Fresh Water Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Kakulte">V. R. Kakulte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20N.%20Gaikwad"> K. N. Gaikwad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence pattern of different types of cercariae form three snail hosts Melania tuberculata, Lymnea auricularia Viviparous bengalensis has been studied in detail. In natural emerging method the snails (2 to 3 at a time) were kept in separate test tube. This was constant source of living cercariae naturally emerging from the snails. The sunlight and artificial light play an important positive role in stimulating the emergence of cercariae has been observed. The effect of light and dark on the emission pattern of cercariae has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cercariae" title="cercariae">cercariae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snail%20host" title=" snail host"> snail host</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergence%20pattern" title=" emergence pattern"> emergence pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastropoda" title=" gastropoda"> gastropoda</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13767/studies-on-the-emergence-pattern-of-cercariae-from-fresh-water-snails-mollusca-gastropoda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3586</span> The Role of the Gut Microbiome of Marine Invertebrates in the Degradation of Complex Algal Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchen%20LI">Yuchen LI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martyn%20Kurr"> Martyn Kurr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Golyshin"> Peter Golyshin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological invasion is a global problem. Invasive species can threaten local ecosystems by competing for resources, consuming local species, and reproducing faster than natives. Sargassum muticum is an invasive algae in the UK. It negatively impacts local algae through overshading and can cause reductions in local biodiversity. One possibility for its success is herbivore release. According to the Enemy Release Hypothesis, invasives are less impacted by local herbivores than natives. In many species, gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbes have been found as a key factor in food preference and similar mechanisms may exist in the relationship between local consumers and S. muticum. Some populations of native Littorina snails accept S. muticum as a food source, while others avoid it. This project aims to establish the relationship between GI tract microbes and the feeding preferences of L. littorea, when offered both native algae and S. muticum. Individuals of L. littorea from a site invaded by S. muticum around 18 years ago were compared to those from an un-invaded site nearby. Sargassum-experienced snails are more likely to consume it than those naïve, and pronounced differences were found in the GI-tract microbial communities through 16S (prokaryote) and 18S (eukaryote) sequencing. Sargassum-naïve snails were then exposed to a faecal pellets from experienced snails to ‘inoculate’ them with microbes from the exposed snails. Preliminary results suggest these faecal-pellet-exposed but otherwise Sargassum-naïve snails subsequently begun consuming S. muticum. It is unclear if these results are due to genuine changes in GI-tract microbes or through some other mechanism, such as behavioural responses to chemical cues in the faecal pellets, but these results are nevertheless of significance for invasive ecology, suggesting that foraging preferences for an invasive prey type are malleable and possibly programmable in laboratory settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20algae" title="invasive algae">invasive algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20snails" title=" sea snails"> sea snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiome" title=" gut microbiome"> gut microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title=" biocontrol"> biocontrol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170395/the-role-of-the-gut-microbiome-of-marine-invertebrates-in-the-degradation-of-complex-algal-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3585</span> Cercarial Diversity in Freshwater Snails from Selected Freshwater Bodies and Its Implication for Veterinary and Public Health in Kaduna State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Muhammad%20Abdulkadir">Fatima Muhammad Abdulkadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20B.%20Maikaje"> D. B. Maikaje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20A.%20Umar"> Y. A. Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study conducted to determine cercariae diversity and prevalence of trematode infection in freshwater snails from six freshwater bodies selected by systematic random sampling in Kaduna State was carried from January 2013 to December 2013. Freshwater snails and cercariae harvested from the study sites were morphologically identified. A total of 23,823 freshwater snails were collected from the six freshwater bodies: Bagoma dam, Gimbawa dam, Kangimi dam, Kubacha dam, Manchok water intake and Saminaka water intake. The observed freshwater snail species were: <em>Melanoides tuberculata, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus globosus</em>, <em>Lymnaea natalensis</em>, <em>Physa</em> sp., <em>Cleopatra bulimoides</em>, <em>Bellamya</em> <em>unicolor</em> and <em>Lanistes varicus</em>. The freshwater snails were exposed to artificial bright light from a 100 Watt electric bulb in the laboratory to induce cercarial shedding. Of the total freshwater snails collected, 10.55% released one or more types of cercariae. Seven morphological types of cercariae were shed by six freshwater snail species namely: Brevifurcate-apharyngeate distome, Amphistome, Gymnocephalus, Longifurcate-pharyngeate monostome, Longifurcate-pharyngeate distome, Echinostome and Xiphidio cercariae. Infection was monotype in most of the freshwater snails collected; however, Physa species presented a mixed infection with Gymnocephalus and Longifurcate-pharyngeate distome cercariae. B. globosus and B. pfeifferi were the most preferred intermediate hosts with the prevalence of 13.48% and 13.46%, respectively. The diversity and prevalence of cercariae varied among the six freshwater bodies with Manchok water intake having the highest infestation (14.3%) and the least recorded in Kangimi dam (3.9%). There was a correlation trend between the number of freshwater snails and trematode infection with Manchok exhibiting the highest and Bagoma none. The highest cercarial diversity was observed in B. pfeifferi and B. globosus with four morphotypes each, and the lowest was in M. tuberculata with one morphotype. The general distribution of freshwater snails and the trematode cercariae they shed suggests the risk of human and animals to trematodiasis in Manchok community. Public health education to raise awareness on individual and communal action that may control snail breeding sites, prevent transmission and provide access to treatment should be intensified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cercariae" title="Cercariae">Cercariae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater%20snails" title=" freshwater snails"> freshwater snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trematodiasis" title=" trematodiasis"> trematodiasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84264/cercarial-diversity-in-freshwater-snails-from-selected-freshwater-bodies-and-its-implication-for-veterinary-and-public-health-in-kaduna-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3584</span> Effects of Benzo(k)Fluoranthene, a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Marine Gastropod Morula Granulata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacky%20Bhagat">Jacky Bhagat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baban%20S%20Ingole"> Baban S Ingole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, in vivo experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of a toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo(k)fluoranthene (B[k]F), on marine gastropod, Morula granulata collected from Goa, west coast of India. Snails were exposed to different concentrations of B(k)F (1, 10, 25 and 50 µg/L) for 96 h. The genotoxic effects were evaluated by measuring DNA strand breaks using alkaline comet assay and oxidative stress were measured with the help of battery of biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Concentration-dependent increase in percentage tail DNA (TDNA) was observed in snails exposed to B(k)F. Exposure concentrations above 1 µg/L of B(k)F, showed significant increase in SOD activity and LPO value in snails. After 96 h, SOD activity were found to be doubled for 50 µg/L of B(k)F with reference to control. Significant increase in CAT and GST activity was observed at all exposure conditions at the end of the exposure time. Our study showed that B(k)F induces oxidative stress in snails which further lead to genotoxic damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzo%28k%29fluoranthene" title="benzo(k)fluoranthene">benzo(k)fluoranthene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comet%20assay" title=" comet assay"> comet assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastropod" title=" gastropod"> gastropod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39775/effects-of-benzokfluoranthene-a-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-on-dna-damage-and-oxidative-stress-in-marine-gastropod-morula-granulata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3583</span> Carbendazim Toxicity and Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E in African Giant Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Omonona">A. O. Omonona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Jarikre"> T. A. Jarikre </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increase specialization in agriculture and use of pesticides may inadvertently cause ecosystem degradation and eventually loss of biodiversity. The populations of numerous wildlife species have undergone a precipitous decline. Many of these problems have been attributed directly to habitat loss and over exploitation resulting from unregulated pesticide uses. Carbendazim a broad spectrum benzimidazole fungicide and a metabolite of benomyl, is used to control plant disease in cereals and fruit. The effect of carbendazim exposure and the ameliorative effect of tocopherol (vitamin E) were assessed on African giant rat AGR. Hematological, biochemical and histological changes were used to determine the health condition of the animals exposed to pesticide. Sixteen AGR were stabilized, weighed and then divided into four experimental groups (A to D). Two groups were pretreated with vitamin. Group A was exposed to carbendazim only, B- carbendazim + vitamin, C- vitamin only, and D- blank (control). Packed cell volume PCV was estimated by the microhematocrit method, Leucocyte and Platelet counts were determined using the hemocytometric method. Cholinesterase (AchE) and markers of oxidative stress were quantified, and tissue changes examined microscopically. There were no behavioral changes observed in the animals, but there was a decrease in body weight and abortion after 23 days of exposure to carbendazim. There was significant differences in the packed cell volume, the hemoglobin concentration and the red blood cell counts (p < 0.05). The increases in malonyl aldehyde MDA was significant (p < 0.05) in the pesticide intoxicated rats compared to control. Vitamin E supplementation reduced MDA level significantly (p < 0.05). There was a sharp remarkable decrease in acetylcholinesterase levels in the pesticide intoxicated rats (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation normalise the AchE levels comparable to that in control. Grossly, the vital organs appeared normal in the pesticide exposed and control groups except moderate pulmonary congestion. Microscopically, there was severe diffuse hepatocellular swelling in carbendazim exposed group. The severity of hepatocellular injury was reduced in the rats with vitamin E. This study ascertained the toxic effect of carbendazim and antioxidative properties of vitamins in the Africa giant rat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20giant%20rat" title="African giant rat">African giant rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbendazim" title=" carbendazim"> carbendazim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26567/carbendazim-toxicity-and-ameliorative-effect-of-vitamin-e-in-african-giant-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3582</span> Influence of Water Physicochemical Properties and Vegetation Type on the Distribution of Schistosomiasis Intermediate Host Snails in Nelson Mandela Bay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prince%20S.%20Campbell">Prince S. Campbell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janine%20B.%20Adams"> Janine B. Adams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melusi%20Thwala"> Melusi Thwala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeoluwa%20Oyedele"> Opeoluwa Oyedele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20E.%20Melariri"> Paula E. Melariri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Schistosomiasis is an infectious water-borne disease that holds substantial medical and veterinary importance and is transmitted by Schistosoma flatworms. The transmission and spread of the disease are geographically and temporally confined to water bodies (rivers, lakes, lagoons, dams, etc.) inhabited by its obligate intermediate host snails and human water contact. Human infection with the parasite occurs via skin penetration subsequent to exposure to water infested with schistosome cercariae. Environmental factors play a crucial role in the spread of the disease, as the survival of intermediate host snails is dependent on favourable conditions. These factors include physical and chemical components of water, including pH, salinity, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, water hardness, total dissolved solids, and velocity, as well as biological factors such as predator-prey interactions, competition, food availability, and the presence and density of aquatic vegetation. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of the water bodies, vegetation type, distribution, and habitat presence of the snail intermediate host. A quantitative cross-sectional research design approach was employed in this study. Eight sampling sites were selected based on their proximity to residential areas. Snails and water physicochemical properties were collected over different seasons for 9 months. A simple dip method was used for surface water samples and measurements were done using multiparameter meters. Snails captured using a 300 µm mesh scoop net and predominant plant species were gathered and transported to experts for identification. Vegetation composition and cover were visually estimated and recorded at each sampling point. Data was analysed using R software (version 4.3.1). A total of 844 freshwater snails were collected, with Physa genera accounting for 95.9% of the snails. Bulinus and Biomphalaria snails, which serve as intermediate hosts for the disease, accounted for (0.9%) and (0.6%) respectively. Indicator macrophytes such as Eicchornia crassipes, Stuckenia pectinate, Typha capensis, and floating macroalgae were found in several water bodies. A negative and weak correlation existed between the number of snails and physicochemical properties such as electrical conductivity (r=-0.240), dissolved oxygen (r=-0.185), hardness (r=-0.210), pH (r=-0.235), salinity (r=-0.242), temperature (r=-0.273), and total dissolved solids (r=-0.236). There was no correlation between the number of snails and turbidity (r=-0.070). Moreover, there was a negative and weak correlation between snails and vegetation coverage (r=-0.127). Findings indicated that snail abundance marginally declined with rising physicochemical concentrations, and the majority of snails were located in regions with less vegetation cover. The reduction in Bulinus and Biomphalaria snail populations may also be attributed to other factors, such as competition among the snails. Snails of the Physa genus were abundant due to their noteworthy resilience in difficult environments. These snails have the potential to function as biological control agents in areas where the disease is endemic, as they outcompete other snails, including schistosomiasis intermediate host snails. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediate%20host%20snails" title="intermediate host snails">intermediate host snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20properties" title=" physicochemical properties"> physicochemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schistosomiasis" title=" schistosomiasis"> schistosomiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20type" title=" vegetation type"> vegetation type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192147/influence-of-water-physicochemical-properties-and-vegetation-type-on-the-distribution-of-schistosomiasis-intermediate-host-snails-in-nelson-mandela-bay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3581</span> Molluscicidal Effect of Cassia occidentalis and Physalis angulata Leaf Extract in the Elimination of Water Snail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Karamba">Haruna Karamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafisa%20Muhammad%20Danyaro"> Nafisa Muhammad Danyaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study describe the action of natural latex (extract) of two sub-aquatic macrophytes plants i.e., Cassia occidentalis and Physalis angulata which were tested against two water snail species; Bulinus globusus and Lymnaea natalensis, the intermediate host of Bilharziasis (chistosomiasis) in the tropical countries. Bilherziasis is a disease prevalent and endermic to tropical Africa, seriously undermining health status of Nigerian youth. The easiest way to eradicate the disease is to eliminate the secondary host of the pathogen, chistosoma species. Therefore we carried out a research to investigate the molluscicidal effect of the leaf extract of C. occidentalis and P. angulata on mortality rate of B. globusus and L. natalensis water snails using pond water in the laboratory of science laboratory department of Kano State Polytechnic, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty juveniles’ snails were collected from Jakara Dam in the Northeastern part of Kano, Nigeria. The snails were put inside a plastic container and transported immediately to the laboratory where they were transferred into reservoir tank containing pond water and kept for 48 hours to get acclimatized with laboratory environment. Twelve water bathes 2/3 filled with pond water were prepared and kept in the laboratory. Leaf extract of the plants were obtained by blending and homogenizing the leaf tissue from which the extract were obtained and prepared in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm, in addition to 0 ppm, which served as control. Ten snails were placed in each of the twelve water bathes. Six water bathes for the species of C. accidentalis extract and other six for P. angulata. The treatment combinations were maintained for 2 days after which the number of living snails present in each water bathes were counted and subsequently at 2 days intervals. The result indicated that extracts from both plants were lethal to the snails as concentration of the extract increases particularly mortality rate was highest at 40 and 50 ppm. Conclusively the toxicity of the extracts from these plants proven lethal to snails and hence can be used as molluscicides for cheap and easy method of eliminating water snails and therefore reducing the incidence of Bilharziasis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schistosomiasis" title="schistosomiasis">schistosomiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilharziasis" title=" bilharziasis"> bilharziasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulinus%20globusus" title=" Bulinus globusus"> Bulinus globusus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lymnea%20natalensis" title=" Lymnea natalensis"> Lymnea natalensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Physalis%20angulata" title=" Physalis angulata"> Physalis angulata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassia%20occidentalis" title=" Cassia occidentalis"> Cassia occidentalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kano" title=" Kano"> Kano</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22277/molluscicidal-effect-of-cassia-occidentalis-and-physalis-angulata-leaf-extract-in-the-elimination-of-water-snail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3580</span> Molecular Epidemiology of Egyptian Biomphalaria Snail: The Identification of Species, Diagnostic of the Parasite in Snails and Host Parasite Relationship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20M.%20Abu%20El%20Einin">Hanaa M. Abu El Einin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20T.%20Sharaf%20El-%20Din"> Ahmed T. Sharaf El- Din</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomphalaria snails play an integral role in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for human schistosomiasis. Two species of Biomphalaria were reported from Egypt, Biomphalaria alexandrina and Biomphalaria glabrata, and later on a hybrid of B. alexandrina and B. glabrata was reported in streams at Nile Delta. All were known to be excellent hosts of S. mansoni. Host-parasite relationship can be viewed in terms of snail susceptibility and parasite infectivity. The objective of this study will highlight the progress that has been made in using molecular approaches to describe the correct identification of snail species that participating in transmission of schistosomiasis, rapid diagnose of infection in addition to susceptibility and resistance type. Snails were identified using of molecular methods involving Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Polymerase Chain Reaction, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) and Species - specific- PCR. Molecular approaches to diagnose parasite in snails from Egypt: Nested PCR assay and small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Also RAPD PCR for study susceptible and resistance phenotype. The results showed that RAPD- PCR, PCR-RFLP and species-specific-PCR techniques were confirmed that: no evidence for the presence of B. glabrata in Egypt, All Biomphalaria snails collected identified as B. alexandrina snail i-e B alexandrinia is a common and no evidence for hybridization with B. glabrata. The adopted specific nested PCR assay revealed much higher sensitivity which enables the detection of S. mansoni infected snails down to 3 days post infection. Nested PCR method for detection of infected snails using S. mansoni fructose -1,6- bisphosphate aldolase (SMALDO) primer, these primers are specific only for S. mansoni and not cross reactive with other schistosomes or molluscan aldolases Nested PCR for such gene is sensitive enough to detect one cercariae. Genetic variations between B. alexandrina strains that are susceptible and resistant to Schistosoma infec¬tion using a RAPD-PCR showed that 39.8% of the examined snails collected from the field were resistant, while 60.2% of these snails showed high infection rates. In conclusion the genetics of the intermediate host plays a more important role in the epidemiological control of schistosomiasis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomphalaria" title="biomphalaria">biomphalaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20differentiation" title=" molecular differentiation"> molecular differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasite%20detection" title=" parasite detection"> parasite detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schistosomiasis" title=" schistosomiasis"> schistosomiasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49460/molecular-epidemiology-of-egyptian-biomphalaria-snail-the-identification-of-species-diagnostic-of-the-parasite-in-snails-and-host-parasite-relationship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3579</span> Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on Soil Quality Using the Land Snail Cantareus apertus as Bioindicator of Heavy Metals Accumulation in The Bejaia Region (Northeastern Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benbelil-Tafoughalt%20Saida">Benbelil-Tafoughalt Saida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tababouchet%20Meriem"> Tababouchet Meriem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal of this study was to investigate the impact of anthropogenic activities on soil quality using the land snail Cantareusapertus as a bioindicator of heavy metal accumulation. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc were measured in various body organs, viz: viscera and foot of the land snail Cantareusapertus. The snails were collected from two different sites in the Bejaia region (Northeastern Algeria), exposed to different sources of contamination by trace metals. The first sampling site is an urban areas, and the second is characterized by heavy industry, a potential source of soil pollution via heavy metal contamination. The concentrations of heavy metal in all viscera and foot samples were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Bioconcentration of the trace metals Cu, Zn, and Cd varied between the viscera and the foot with the viscera having the highest concentration (µgg-1) of all metals than the foots; Cu, 2.03 – 5.8 (Viscera), 0.05 – 3.30 (Foot), Zn, 23.64 – 45.02 (Viscera), 1.87 – 15.15 (Foot) and Cd, 0.36 – 15.26 (Viscera), 0.18 – 13.73 (Foot), which suggest that ingestion may be the main uptake route of these essential metals. On the other hand, the levels of heavy metals varied significantly among the sampling area (P<0.001). in fact, in the foots as well as in the viscera, the concentrations of all studied metals is significantly higher in the snails sampled from sites closest to potential sources of pollution compared to those collected from urban areas characterized by moderate pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropogenic%20activities" title="anthropogenic activities">anthropogenic activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bioconcentration" title=" Bioconcentration"> Bioconcentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cantareus%20apertus" title=" Cantareus apertus"> Cantareus apertus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title=" trace metals"> trace metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142721/impact-of-anthropogenic-activities-on-soil-quality-using-the-land-snail-cantareus-apertus-as-bioindicator-of-heavy-metals-accumulation-in-the-bejaia-region-northeastern-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3578</span> A Conceptual Stakeholder Engagement Model for Change Management in the South African Public Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokgata%20Matjie">Mokgata Matjie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibo%20Mayime"> Sibo Mayime</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 4IR brought with it an inevitable need for change in all organisations, regardless of sector. As a member of the global community, South African organisations are bound to experience the 4IR pressure, and the need to digitize becomes unavoidable. The South African government sector has various departments, of which one of them is the land administration solely responsible for the registration, management, and maintenance of the property registry of South Africa. For the past many years, the registration of deeds was done manually, ranging from 7-10 days, with lots and loads of paperwork handled manually by conveyancers and Registry Clerks. Some information might get lost during the registration period, thus delaying the whole process. This conceptual paper proposes ways to digitalize the land administration office by consulting all relevant literature and ultimately developing a theoretical change management framework for all public sector organisations in South Africa. Change is inevitable, but careful consideration is necessary in terms of consulting all relevant stakeholders for their buy-in and successful implementation of digitalization. The developed framework will serve as a theoretical basis for the empirical research envisaged as a PhD study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholders" title="stakeholders">stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engagement" title=" engagement"> engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20management" title=" change management"> change management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20administration" title=" land administration"> land administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalisation" title=" digitalisation"> digitalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20African%20public%20sector" title=" South African public sector"> South African public sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168423/a-conceptual-stakeholder-engagement-model-for-change-management-in-the-south-african-public-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3577</span> Cryptic Diversity: Identifying Two Morphologically Similar Species of Invasive Apple Snails in Peninsular Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suganiya%20Rama%20Rao">Suganiya Rama Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoon-Yen%20Yow"> Yoon-Yen Yow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thor-Seng%20Liew"> Thor-Seng Liew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyamala%20%20Ratnayeke"> Shyamala Ratnayeke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Invasive snails in the genus Pomacea have spread across Southeast Asia including Peninsular Malaysia. Apart from significant economic costs to wetland crops, very little is known about the snails’ effects on native species, and wetland function through their alteration of macrophyte communities. This study was conducted to establish diagnostic characteristics of Pomacea species in the Malaysian environment using genetic and morphological criteria. Snails were collected from eight localities in northern and central regions of Peninsular Malaysia. The mitochondrial COI gene of 52 adult snails was amplified and sequenced. Maximum likelihood analysis was used to analyse species identity and assess phylogenetic relationships among snails from different geographic locations. Shells of the two species were compared using geometric morphometric analysis and covariance analyses. Shell height accounted for most of the observed variation between P. canaliculata and P. maculata, with the latter possessing a smaller mean ratio of shell height: aperture height (p < 0.0001) and shell height to shell width (give p < 0.0001). Genomic and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of two monophyletic taxa, P. canaliculata and P. maculata, in Peninsular Malaysia samples. P. maculata co-occurred with P. canaliculata in 5 localities, but samples from 3 localities contained only P. canaliculata. This study is the first to confirm the presence of two of the most invasive species of Pomacea in Peninsular Malaysia using a genomic approach. P. canaliculata appears to be the more widespread species. Despite statistical differences, both quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics demonstrate much interspecific overlap and intraspecific variability; thus morphology alone cannot reliably verify species identity. Molecular techniques for distinguishing between these two highly invasive Pomacea species are needed to understand their specific ecological niches and develop effective protocols for their management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pomacea%20canaliculata" title="Pomacea canaliculata">Pomacea canaliculata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pomacea%20maculata" title=" Pomacea maculata"> Pomacea maculata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20species" title=" invasive species"> invasive species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylog%20enetic%20analysis" title=" phylog enetic analysis"> phylog enetic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20morphometric%20analysis" title=" geometric morphometric analysis "> geometric morphometric analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68955/cryptic-diversity-identifying-two-morphologically-similar-species-of-invasive-apple-snails-in-peninsular-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3576</span> Snails and Fish as Pollution Biomarkers in Lake Manzala and Laboratory C: Laboratory Exposed Snails to Chemical Mixtures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20M.%20M.%20El-Khayat">Hanaa M. M. El-Khayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Abdel-Hamid"> Hoda Abdel-Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadria%20M.%20A.%20Mahmoud"> Kadria M. A. Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20S.%20Gaber"> Hanan S. Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda"> Hoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Abu%20Taleb"> M. A. Abu Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20E.%20Flefel"> Hassan E. Flefel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Snails are considered as suitable diagnostic organisms for heavy metal–contaminated sites. <em>Biomphalaria alexandrina</em> snails are used in this work as pollution bioindicators after exposure to chemical mixtures consisted of heavy metals (HM); zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb); and persistent organic pollutants; Decabromodiphenyl ether 98% (D) and Aroclor 1254 (A). The impacts of these tested chemicals, individual and mixtures, on liver and kidney functions, antioxidant enzymes, complete blood picture, and tissue histology were studied. Results showed that Cu was proved to be the highly toxic against snails than Zn and Pb where LC<sub>50</sub> values were 1.362, 213.198 and 277.396 ppm, respectively. Also, <em>B. alexandrina</em> snails exposed to the mixture of HM (¼ LC<sub>5</sub> Cu, Pb and Zn) showed the highest bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in their whole tissue, the most significant increase in AST, ALT & ALP activities and the highest significant levels of total protein, albumin and globulin. Results showed significant alterations in CAT activity in snail tissue extracts while snail samples exposed to most experimental tests showed significant increase in GST activity. Snail samples that exposed to HM mixtures showed a significant decrease in total hemocytes count while snail samples that exposed to mixtures containing A & D showed a significant increase in total hemocytes and Hyalinocytes. Histopathological alterations in snail samples exposed to individual HM and their mixtures for 4 weeks showed degeneration, edema, hyper trophy and vaculation in head-foot muscle, degeneration and necrotic changes in the digestive gland and accumulation in most tested organs. Also, the hermaphrodite gland showed mature ova with irregular shape and reduction in sperm number. In conclusion, the resulted damage and alterations in <em>B. alexandrina</em> studied parameters can be used as bioindicators to the presence of pollutants in its habitats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biomphalaria" title="Biomphalaria">Biomphalaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zn" title=" Zn"> Zn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu" title=" Cu"> Cu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pb" title=" Pb"> Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AST" title=" AST"> AST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALT" title=" ALT"> ALT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALP" title=" ALP"> ALP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20protein%20albumin" title=" total protein albumin"> total protein albumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globulin" title=" globulin"> globulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAT" title=" CAT"> CAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58803/snails-and-fish-as-pollution-biomarkers-in-lake-manzala-and-laboratory-c-laboratory-exposed-snails-to-chemical-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3575</span> The Politics of Land Grabbing in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esayas%20Geleta">Esayas Geleta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within the last two decades in many sub-Saharan African countries, a large-scale acquisition (lease, concession, outright purchase) of extensive areas of farmland commonly labeled as ‘idle’ and ‘under-utilized’ has resulted in displacement and dispossession and dispossession without ‘compensation.’ This paper seeks to critically illustrate the processes and the consequences of the ‘land grabbing project’ in Ethiopia. Drawing on the theory of participatory development and empirical studies undertaken in Ethiopia, the paper elucidates the power dynamics that influence how and why dislocation and dispossession occur. The paper then demonstrates why the land-grabbing project, which was hugely supported by many international organizations, has largely failed in Ethiopia. Through a critical analysis of the process of ‘land grabbing’ in Ethiopia, the paper contributes to a more adequate and critical understanding of contemporary land deals and their social and environmental consequences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20grabbing" title="land grabbing">land grabbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispossession" title=" dispossession"> dispossession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162266/the-politics-of-land-grabbing-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3574</span> Giant Filiform Polyposis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Mimicking Colorectal Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Dennison">Godwin Dennison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Cooper"> Edwin Cooper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Theobald"> George Theobald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Dalton"> Richard Dalton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report an unusual case of giant filiform polyposis in a patient with ulcerative colitis, causing a large stricture in the colon. A 62-year-old man was referred to the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme with a positive Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). He was known to have UC for 30 years. A CT scan showed a 9 cm stricture in the transverse colon suspicious of malignancy. A colonoscopy was attempted three times, and biopsies confirmed features of ulcerative colitis. A laparoscopic assisted transverse colectomy (Left hemicolectomy) was performed, and the histology revealed giant filiform polyposis. This should be considered in a UC patient presenting with signs of obstruction mimicking a carcinoma. Whilst it is a benign condition, because of the size of the lesion, it often causes obstruction, and surgery is indicated to relieve symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20inflammatory%20polyposis" title="giant inflammatory polyposis">giant inflammatory polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filiform%20polyposis" title=" filiform polyposis"> filiform polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067/giant-filiform-polyposis-in-a-patient-with-ulcerative-colitis-mimicking-colorectal-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3573</span> Resistance of African States Against the African Court on Human and People Rights (ACPHR)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayyoub%20Jamali">Ayyoub Jamali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At the first glance, it seems that the African Court on Human and People’s Rights has achieved a tremendous development in the protection of human rights in Africa. Since its first judgement in 2009, the court has taken a robust approach/ assertive stance, showing its strength by finding states to be in violation of the Africana Charter and other human rights treaties. This paper seeks to discuss various challenges and resistance that the Court has faced since the adoption of the Founding Protocol to the Establishment of the African Court on Human and People’s Rights. The outcome of the paper casts shadow on the legitimacy and effectiveness of the African Court as the guarantor of human rights within the African continent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20Court%20on%20Human%20and%20People%E2%80%99s%20Rights" title="African Court on Human and People’s Rights">African Court on Human and People’s Rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20Union" title=" African Union"> African Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20regional%20human%20rights%20system" title=" African regional human rights system"> African regional human rights system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliance" title=" compliance"> compliance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120714/resistance-of-african-states-against-the-african-court-on-human-and-people-rights-acphr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3572</span> Impact of Lined and Unlined Water Bodies on the Distribution and Abundance of Fresh Water Snails in Certain Governorates in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahed%20Mohamed%20Ismail">Nahed Mohamed Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayomy%20Mostafa"> Bayomy Mostafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdel%20Kader"> Ahmed Abdel Kader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohamed%20Azzam"> Ahmed Mohamed Azzam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of lining watercourses on the distribution and abundance of fresh water snails at two Egyptian governorates, Baheria (new reclaimed area) and Giza was studied. Seasonal survey in lined and unlined sites during two successive years was carried out. Samples of snails and water were collected from each examined site and the ecological conditions were recorded. The collected snails from each site were placed in plastic aquaria and transferred to the laboratory, where they were sorted out, identified, counted and examined for natural infection. The size frequency distribution was calculated for each snail species. Results revealed that snails were represented in all examined watercourses (lined and unlined) at the two tested habitats by 14 species. (Biomphalaria alexandrina, B. glabrata, Bulinus truncatus, Physa acuta. Helisoma duryi, Lymnaea natalensis, Planorbis planorbis, Cleopatra bulimoids, Lanistes carinatus, Bellamya unicolor, Melanoides tuberculata, Theodoxus nilotica, Succinia cleopatra and Gabbiella senaarensis). During spring, the percentage of live (45%) and dead (55%) snail species was extremely highly significant lower (p>0.001) in lined water bodies compared to the unlined ones (93.5% and 6.5%, respectively) in the examined sites at Baheria. At Giza, the percentage values of live snail species from all lined watercourses (82.6% and 60.2%, during winter and spring, respectively) was significantly lower (p>0.05 & p>0.01) than those in unlined ones (91.1% and 79%, respectively). Size frequency distribution of snails collected from the lined and unlined water bodies at Baheria and Giza governorates during all seasons revealed that during survey, snail populations were stable and the recruitment of young to adult was continuing for some species, where the recruits were observed with adults. However, there was no sign of small snails occurrence in case of B. glabrata and B. alexandrina during autumn, winter and spring and disappear during summer at Giza. Meanwhile they completely absent during all seasons at Baheria Governorate. Chemical analysis of some heavy metals of water samples collected from lined and unlined sites from Baheria and Giza governorates during autumn, winter and spring were approximately as the same in both lined and unlined water bodies. However, Zn and Fe were higher in lined sites (0.78±0.37and 17.4 ± 4.3, respectively) than that of unlined ones (0.4±0.1 and 10.95 ± 1.93, respectively) and Cu was absent in both lined and unlined sites during summer at Baheria governorate. At Giza, Cu and Pb were absent and Fe were higher in lined sites (4.7± 4.2) than that of unlined ones (2.5 ± 1.4) during summer. Statistical analysis showed that no significant difference in all physico-chemical parameters of water in lined and unlined water bodies at the two tested habitats during all seasons. However, it was found that the water conductivity and TDS showed a lower mean values in lined sites than those of unlined ones. Thus, the present obtained data support the concept of utilizing environmental modification such as lining of water courses to help in minimizing the population density of certain vector snails and consequently reduce the transmission of snails born diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lining" title="lining">lining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20water" title=" fresh water"> fresh water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snails" title=" snails"> snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watercourses" title=" watercourses"> watercourses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49502/impact-of-lined-and-unlined-water-bodies-on-the-distribution-and-abundance-of-fresh-water-snails-in-certain-governorates-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3571</span> Political Economy of Development Induced Re-Territorialization: A South African Uppercut</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Lekshmi">K. Lekshmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Land becomes a predominant constituent of transitional justice paradigm subsequent to the apartheid inspired land grabs and conflict induced forceful evictions in South Africa effecting land encroachment, expropriation, and alienation. In this pretext, post-Apartheid regime initiated land reconciliation measures which presume to overcome the politically appropriated historical injustices in conjunction with reconstructing transitional justice. As land grabs became one of the quintessential repercussions followed by ethnic cleansing in South Africa, it is prominent to study how land reconciliation becomes necessary in imparting transitional justice to the victims. The study also looks into the nature of developmental pattern after re- territorialization process in a post-conflict country like South Africa and, tries to look how re-territorialization process construed the functional distribution of income vis-a-vis income inequality in particular. Further the paper attempts to study how far land distribution and equal access as part of the land reconciliation process juxtaposed the principle of restitution. Research methodology applied is empirical followed by analytical research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20reconciliation" title=" land reconciliation"> land reconciliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transitional%20justice" title=" transitional justice"> transitional justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20inequality%20and%20displacement" title=" income inequality and displacement"> income inequality and displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-territorialization" title=" re-territorialization"> re-territorialization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76546/political-economy-of-development-induced-re-territorialization-a-south-african-uppercut" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3570</span> Biomphalaria alexandrina Snail as a Bio-Indicator of Pollution With Manganese Metal and Its Effect on Physiological, Immunological, Histopathological Parameters and Larvicidal Potencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20M.%20Ibrahim">Amina M. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abdel-Haleem"> Ahmed A. Abdel-Haleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20G.%20Taha"> Rania G. Taha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal pollution results in many dangerous consequences to the environment and human health due to the bioaccumulation in their tissues. The present study aims to measure the bioaccumulation factor of the Manganese (Mn) heavy metal in Biomphlaria alexandrina snails' tissues and water samples. The present results showed the concentration of Mn heavy metal in water (87.5 mg/l) and its bioaccumulation factor in Helisoma duryi tissue was higher than that in tissues of Physa acuta and B. alexandrina snails. Results showed that 87.5 mg/l Mn concentration had miracidial and cercaricidal activities. Also, this concentration decreased the mean total number of the hemocytes after exposure for 24h or 48h, while increased both the mean mortality and phagocytic indices of the hemocytes of exposed snails. It caused alterations in the cytomorphology of the hemocytes of exposed snails after 24 or 48h, where, the granulocytes had irregular cell membrane, and forming pseudopodia. Besides, both levels of Testosterone (T) and Estradiol (E) were increased after exposure to 87.5mg/l Mn metal compared to the control group. Also, it increased MDA (Malonaldehyde) and TAC (Total antioxidant capacity) contents, while, decreased SOD (superoxide dismutase). Besides, it caused great histopathological damages in both hermaphrodite and digestive glands, represented in the degeneration of the gonadal, digestive, secretory cells and the connective tissues. Therefore, B. alexandrina might be used as sensitive bio-indicator of pollution with Mn heavy metal to avoid ethics rules; beside they are easily available and large in number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese%20metal" title="manganese metal">manganese metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20alexandrina" title=" B. alexandrina"> B. alexandrina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hormonal%20alterations" title=" hormonal alterations"> hormonal alterations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175666/biomphalaria-alexandrina-snail-as-a-bio-indicator-of-pollution-with-manganese-metal-and-its-effect-on-physiological-immunological-histopathological-parameters-and-larvicidal-potencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3569</span> Ecological Studies on Bulinus truncatus Snail the Intermediate Host of Schistosoma haematobium, in White Nile State, Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hussein%20Eltoum%20Salih">Mohammed Hussein Eltoum Salih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted in four villages, namely: Jadeed, Alandraba, Um Gaar, and EL Shetabe in the White Nile State Sudan, to determine the ecological factors; water vegetations, physical and chemical properties of the water in Snails habitat. Bulinus truncatus, which act as an intermediate host for S. haematobium, were collected from water bodies adjacent to study villages where the residents were suspected to swim, and humans get in contact with water for various purposes. Water samples from the stretches were collected and then measured for parameters that are indicative of the quality of water and sustaining the survival of snails and would confirm even further if the contact between humans and water had taken place. The parameters measured included water conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, calcium, and magnesium content. Also, a single water sample from each contact site was collected for microbiological tests. The result revealed that the B. truncatus showed that these animals were fewer and free of infection and their sites of the collection were dense with different plant species making them suitable to harbor snails. Moreover, the results of microbial tests showed that there was higher bacterial contamination. Also, physical and chemical analysis of water sample of contact sites revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in water pH, calcium, and magnesium content between sites of study villages, and these were discussed in relation to factors suitable for the intermediate hosts and thus for the transmission of the S. haematobium disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title="health">health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitology" title=" parasitology"> parasitology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schistosoma" title=" Schistosoma"> Schistosoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snails" title=" snails"> snails</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128949/ecological-studies-on-bulinus-truncatus-snail-the-intermediate-host-of-schistosoma-haematobium-in-white-nile-state-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3568</span> Determination of Selected Engineering Properties of Giant Palm Seeds (Borassus Aethiopum) in Relation to Its Oil Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasheed%20Amao%20Busari">Rasheed Amao Busari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Ibrahim"> Ahmed Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The engineering properties of giant palms are crucial for the reasonable design of the processing and handling systems. The research was conducted to investigate some engineering properties of giant palm seeds in relation to their oil potential. The ripe giant palm fruit was sourced from some parts of Zaria in Kaduna State and Ado Ekiti in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The mesocarps of the fruits collected were removed to obtain the nuts, while the collected nuts were dried under ambient conditions for several days. The actual moisture content of the nuts at the time of the experiment was determined using KT100S Moisture Meter, with moisture content ranged 17.9% to 19.15%. The physical properties determined are axial dimension, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, true and bulk densities, porosity, angles of repose, and coefficients of friction. The nuts were measured using a vernier caliper for physical assessment of their sizes. The axial dimensions of 100 nuts were taken and the result shows that the size ranges from 7.30 to 9.32cm for major diameter, 7.2 to 8.9 cm for intermediate diameter, and 4.2 to 6.33 for minor diameter. The mechanical properties determined were compressive force, compressive stress, and deformation both at peak and break using Instron hydraulic universal tensile testing machine. The work also revealed that giant palm seed can be classified as an oil-bearing seed. The seed gave 18% using the solvent extraction method. The results obtained from the study will help in solving the problem of equipment design, handling, and further processing of the seeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20palm%20seeds" title="giant palm seeds">giant palm seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20properties" title=" engineering properties"> engineering properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20potential" title=" oil potential"> oil potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20giant%20palm%20fruit" title=" and giant palm fruit"> and giant palm fruit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171478/determination-of-selected-engineering-properties-of-giant-palm-seeds-borassus-aethiopum-in-relation-to-its-oil-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3567</span> The African Notion of Moral Personhood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meshandren%20Naidoo">Meshandren Naidoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Personhood is an important philosophical and ethical device that belies many major ethical and legal issues. The concept of African personhood is often overlooked, however, given the decolonization projects occurring in Africa, it is important to consider this view. African personhood, as opposed to Western personhood, is not individualistic in nature. The latter is predominantly Kantian and based on the notion that all persons have equal moral due to their capacity for a reason, whereas communitarianism is central to an African conception of personhood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20philosophy" title="African philosophy">African philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethics" title=" bioethics"> bioethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personhood" title=" personhood"> personhood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153396/the-african-notion-of-moral-personhood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3566</span> Mapping the Land Use Changes in Cultivation Areas of Maize and Soybean from 2006 to 2017 in North West and Free State Provinces, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ngcinela">S. Ngcinela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mushunje"> A. Mushunje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Taruvinga"> A. Taruvinga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Mutengwa"> C. S. Mutengwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Masehela"> T. S. Masehela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is high demand and competing needs when it comes to land use practices. Several factors contribute to this trend, for example, the ever-increasing human population, the need to produce more food than before, and the expansion of industrial and agricultural areas. This paper, focused on the cultivation patterns, land use change over time, of maize and soybean (i.e. both genetically modified and non-genetically modified) in two South African provinces to establish their land cover changes over time. From a global context, genetically modified crops have been advocated by some to be saving land – due to more yield over small cultivation area(s); while other argue and even criticise their cultivation as they take up more land, replace other crops or are the expense of natural (pristine) vegetation. The study quantified and mapped land used for the cultivation of maize and soybean from 2006 to 2017 in Free State and North West provinces, using ArcGIS. The results show both provinces to have minimal expansion or change in cultivation area for both maize and soybean between 2006 and 2017. The results further indicate that both maize and soybean cultivation areas in these provinces, did not expand beyond the current agricultural areas (space), and did not encroach onto new land areas. This suggests that both maize and soybean, do not currently pose a threat to the surrounding landscape and are not in direct coemption with other neighboring land use practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crops" title=" crops"> crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation" title=" cultivation"> cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetically%20modified" title=" genetically modified"> genetically modified</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158126/mapping-the-land-use-changes-in-cultivation-areas-of-maize-and-soybean-from-2006-to-2017-in-north-west-and-free-state-provinces-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20African%20land%20snails&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20African%20land%20snails&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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