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It was through his initiatives in England in 1732 that the British government authorized the establishment of its first new colony in North America in more than five decades. Later that year he led […]" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="New Georgia Encyclopedia" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-09-19T20:37:00+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2010" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1358" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@gahumanities" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="12 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/","url":"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/","name":"James Oglethorpe - New Georgia Encyclopedia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001.jpg","datePublished":"2003-12-02T16:14:19+00:00","dateModified":"2022-09-19T20:37:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/#primaryimage","url":"https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001.jpg","contentUrl":"https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001.jpg","width":2010,"height":1358,"caption":"The Creek Indians meet with James Oglethorpe. 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https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-420x315.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-120x90.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-107x80.jpg 107w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-800x600.jpg 800w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-300x225@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-1024x768@2x.jpg 2048w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-1440x1080@2x.jpg 2880w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-697x523@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-420x315@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-120x90@2x.jpg 240w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-107x80@2x.jpg 214w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-800x600@2x.jpg 1600w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small" alt="Geography & Environment" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-300x225.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-697x523.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-420x315.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-120x90.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-107x80.jpg 107w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-800x600.jpg 800w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-300x225@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-1024x768@2x.jpg 2048w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-1440x1080@2x.jpg 2880w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-697x523@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-420x315@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-120x90@2x.jpg 240w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-107x80@2x.jpg 214w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/okefenokee-swamp-with-moss-and-lily-pads_001-800x600@2x.jpg 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript> </a> </div> <div class="mm-topics-item-text"> <h3 class="mm-topics-item-title"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/geography-environment/">Geography & Environment</a> </h3> </div> </li> <li class="mm-topics-item"> <div class="mm-topics-item-image"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/government-politics/" tabindex="-1"> <img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small perfmatters-lazy" alt="Government & Politics" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small" alt="Government & Politics" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-general-assembly_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript> </a> </div> <div class="mm-topics-item-text"> <h3 class="mm-topics-item-title"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/government-politics/">Government & Politics</a> </h3> </div> </li> <li class="mm-topics-item"> <div class="mm-topics-item-image"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/history-archaeology/" tabindex="-1"> <img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small perfmatters-lazy" alt="History & Archaeology" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small" alt="History & Archaeology" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/etowah-mounds_003-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript> </a> </div> <div class="mm-topics-item-text"> <h3 class="mm-topics-item-title"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/history-archaeology/">History & Archaeology</a> </h3> </div> </li> <li class="mm-topics-item"> <div class="mm-topics-item-image"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/people/" tabindex="-1"> <img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small perfmatters-lazy" alt="People" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small" alt="People" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/lucy-craft-laney-portrait_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript> </a> </div> <div class="mm-topics-item-text"> <h3 class="mm-topics-item-title"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/people/">People</a> </h3> </div> </li> <li class="mm-topics-item"> <div class="mm-topics-item-image"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/science-medicine/" tabindex="-1"> <img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small perfmatters-lazy" alt="Science & Medicine" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small" alt="Science & Medicine" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgiacetus-museum-view_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript> </a> </div> <div class="mm-topics-item-text"> <h3 class="mm-topics-item-title"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/science-medicine/">Science & Medicine</a> </h3> </div> </li> <li class="mm-topics-item"> <div class="mm-topics-item-image"> <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/topics/sports-outdoor-recreation/" tabindex="-1"> <img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small perfmatters-lazy" alt="Sports & Outdoor Recreation" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small" alt="Sports & Outdoor Recreation" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/atlanta-fulton-county-stadium_001-90x68.jpg 90w, 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Jackson</a>, University of Georgia</span></div><div class="article-dates"><span class="article-dates-posted">Originally published Dec 2, 2003</span><span class="article-dates-updated">Last edited Jul 21, 2020</span></div> </div> </div>  <div class="article-wrap has-stickynav "> <div class="article-main"> <div class="container"> <div class="article-content popover-links"> <p>As visionary, social reformer, and military leader, James Oglethorpe conceived of and implemented his plan to establish the colony of Georgia. It was through his initiatives in England in 1732 that the British government authorized the establishment of its first new colony in North America in more than five decades. Later that year he led the expedition of colonists that landed in <a href="/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/savannah/">Savannah</a> early in 1733. Oglethorpe spent most of the next decade in Georgia, where he directed the economic and political development of the new colony, defended it militarily, and continued to generate support and recruit <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/colonial-immigration/">settlers</a> in England and other parts of Europe.</p> <section class="block block-simple-image align-center wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter" data-image-id="14051"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="786" height="1000" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="James Oglethorpe" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007.jpg 786w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-236x300.jpg 236w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-697x887.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-420x534.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-71x90.jpg 71w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-63x80.jpg 63w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-472x600.jpg 472w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-71x90@2x.jpg 142w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-63x80@2x.jpg 126w" sizes="(max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px" /> <div class="nge-captions"> <figcaption>James Oglethorpe</figcaption> <figcaption class="nge-credit-text">Courtesy of <a href='https://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/'>Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia</a>.</figcaption> </div> </figure> </section> <p>James Edward Oglethorpe was born on December 22, 1696, in London, England; he was the tenth and last child of Eleanor and Theophilus Oglethorpe. Though frequently in London, the Oglethorpes maintained a large family estate in Godalming, a small Surrey town near London. Here at Westbrook Manor (later the Meath Home) young Oglethorpe grew up. His father owned other property in Godalming and the neighboring town of Haslemere, and the rent from these gave the Oglethorpes a comfortable life. Both Theophilus and Eleanor had long been interested in politics, and in 1698 voters of Haslemere elected Theophilus to the House of Commons. All three of his sons—including Oglethorpe—would later hold this seat.</p> <p>Little is known about Oglethorpe’s boyhood, but in 1714 he was admitted to Corpus Christi College at Oxford University. The excitement of Europe’s defense against the advancing Turks led him to drop out of school to enroll in a military academy in France. He subsequently traveled to Austria, where he became an aide to Prince Eugene of Savoy. After a victorious campaign against the Turks, Oglethorpe returned to England, where he reentered Corpus Christi. Although he never graduated, the college did award him a special M.A. in 1731.</p> <section class="block block-simple-image align-center wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter" data-image-id="14049"> <img decoding="async" width="668" height="1024" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='668'%20height='1024'%20viewBox='0%200%20668%201024'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-large size-large perfmatters-lazy" alt="James Oglethorpe" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-668x1024.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-668x1024.jpg 668w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-196x300.jpg 196w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-705x1080.jpg 705w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-697x1068.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-420x644.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-59x90.jpg 59w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-52x80.jpg 52w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-392x600.jpg 392w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005.jpg 1182w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-420x644@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-59x90@2x.jpg 118w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-52x80@2x.jpg 104w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-392x600@2x.jpg 784w" data-sizes="(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="668" height="1024" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-668x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="James Oglethorpe" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-668x1024.jpg 668w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-196x300.jpg 196w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-705x1080.jpg 705w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-697x1068.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-420x644.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-59x90.jpg 59w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-52x80.jpg 52w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-392x600.jpg 392w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005.jpg 1182w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-420x644@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-59x90@2x.jpg 118w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-52x80@2x.jpg 104w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-392x600@2x.jpg 784w" sizes="(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px" /></noscript> <div class="nge-captions"> <figcaption>James Oglethorpe</figcaption> <figcaption class="nge-credit-text">Courtesy of Oglethorpe University</figcaption> </div> </figure> </section> <p>After a brief sojourn with academics, Oglethorpe returned to Godalming. In 1722 he successfully ran for Parliament, occupying a seat in the House of Commons previously held by his father and two older brothers. Here Oglethorpe devoted his energies to Britain’s national and international interests.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Prison Reform</h3> <p>In 1729 James Oglethorpe’s life was to change. The previous year, one of his friends, Robert Castell, was jailed in London’s Fleet Prison because of his debts. At the time, inmates were forced to pay prison staff fees for decent room and board. Unable to pay, Castell was thrown into a cell with a prisoner who had <a href="/articles/science-medicine/smallpox/">smallpox</a>. Castell’s death from the disease led Oglethorpe to launch a national campaign to reform England’s prisons. Named chairman of a parliamentary committee to investigate the jails, Oglethorpe saw firsthand the horrible conditions, abuses, and extortion prisoners faced. He also was alarmed that so many British citizens faced jail for no other reason than indebtedness.</p> <p>As a result of the investigation a number of steps were taken to reform London’s prisons. Oglethorpe’s efforts to expose and correct prison abuses gained him national attention, and he became widely regarded as one of Britain’s most active humanitarians. Prison reform did not, however, solve the plight of the large number of poor people in England. Oglethorpe and several colleagues from the jails committee, notably John Lord Viscount Percival (later the first earl of Egmont), began exploring the possibility of creating a new colony in America. They believed that if given a chance, England’s “worthy poor” could be transformed into farmers, merchants, and artisans. But strict rules would be needed to prevent the class divisions that plagued English society. Thus, all the settlers would work their own land, with <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-colonial-georgia/">slavery</a> and large landholdings specifically prohibited.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Georgia’s Founding</h3> <p>Although charity had been the initial motivation for the Georgia movement, by 1732 military and economic considerations were the principal factors. As a result of Oglethorpe’s persuasive arguments, King George II in 1732 granted a charter for creating Georgia and named Oglethorpe as one of twenty-one <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/trustee-georgia-1732-1752/">Trustees</a> to govern the new colony.</p> <p>As the Trustees began interviewing potential colonists, they looked for carpenters, tailors, bakers, farmers, merchants, and others with the skills necessary for the colony’s success. By this time any ideas of Georgia’s being a haven for debtors in English prisons had long vanished—and not one formerly jailed debtor was among the first colonists selected. Georgia’s founders thought that the colony’s climate would be suitable to the production of valuable silk, <a href="/articles/business-economy/grapes-and-wine/">wine</a>, and other Mediterranean-type commodities. The Trustees imagined the colony as a place where settlers could achieve a comfortable living rather than an enormous personal fortune, which was associated with plantation life in other parts of British America.</p> <p>In November 1732 a total of 114 men, women, and children gathered at Gravesend on the River Thames to set sail for the new colony of Georgia. Oglethorpe understood that Georgia’s charter prohibited him from holding office, owning land, or receiving a salary in the new colony, yet he gave up the comforts of home to accompany the first boatload of Georgia settlers.</p> <p>After several delays they boarded the <i>Anne</i> for a two-month journey across the Atlantic. Following a brief visit in Charleston, the colonists proceeded to Port Royal, South Carolina’s southernmost outpost. While they rested, Oglethorpe and a band of Carolina Rangers went ahead to look for a place to settle. Some seventeen miles inland from the mouth of the <a href="/articles/geography-environment/savannah-river/">Savannah River</a>, they found Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the south bank of the river. Oglethorpe immediately struck up a friendship with the Yamacraw chief, <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/tomochichi-ca-1644-1739/">Tomochichi</a>, thus beginning a long and close relationship between the two.</p> <p>On February 12, 1733, Oglethorpe returned to Yamacraw Bluff with the Georgia colonists. With the help of <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/colonial-military/">militia</a> and enslaved African Americans from South Carolina, the pine forest was quickly cleared, and Oglethorpe laid out a <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/savannah-city-plan/">plan</a> for the new town of Savannah. His distinctive pattern of streets, ten-house “tythings,” and public squares soon became a reality. Identical clapboard houses built on identical lots, plus restrictions on how much land could be owned and an outright prohibition on slavery, were testimony to the Trustees’ desire to produce a classless society—one in which each head of household worked his own land. This egalitarian ideal was not fully realized, however, in that women were not allowed to own land in the new colony. The Trustees based this policy on the assumption that each plot of land requried a male worker (and armed defender). </p> <section class="block block-simple-image align-center wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter" data-image-id="8528"> <img decoding="async" width="1024" height="861" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='1024'%20height='861'%20viewBox='0%200%201024%20861'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-large size-large perfmatters-lazy" alt="Savannah City Plan, 1734" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1024x861.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-300x252.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1284x1080.jpg 1284w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-40x34.jpg 40w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-697x586.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-420x353.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-107x90.jpg 107w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-95x80.jpg 95w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-713x600.jpg 713w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1024x861@2x.jpg 2048w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-300x252@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1284x1080@2x.jpg 2568w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-40x34@2x.jpg 80w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-697x586@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-420x353@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-107x90@2x.jpg 214w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-95x80@2x.jpg 190w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-713x600@2x.jpg 1426w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="861" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1024x861.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="Savannah City Plan, 1734" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-300x252.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1284x1080.jpg 1284w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-40x34.jpg 40w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-697x586.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-420x353.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-107x90.jpg 107w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-95x80.jpg 95w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-713x600.jpg 713w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1024x861@2x.jpg 2048w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-300x252@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-1284x1080@2x.jpg 2568w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-40x34@2x.jpg 80w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-697x586@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-420x353@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-107x90@2x.jpg 214w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-95x80@2x.jpg 190w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/savannah-city-plan_001-713x600@2x.jpg 1426w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></noscript> <div class="nge-captions"> <figcaption>Savannah City Plan, 1734</figcaption> <figcaption class="nge-credit-text">Courtesy of <a href='https://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/'>Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries</a>.</figcaption> </div> </figure> </section> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leadership in the New Colony</h3> <p>Living up to the motto of Georgia’s Trustees—<i>Non sibi sed aliis</i> (Not for self, but for others)—Oglethorpe worked tirelessly on behalf of the colony during the initial months. Sometimes violating Trustee policy, Oglethorpe permitted <a href="/articles/arts-culture/judaism-and-jews/">Jews</a>, <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/salzburgers/">Lutheran Salzburgers</a>, and other persecuted religious minorities to settle in Georgia. On the matter of importing enslaved Africans from any source, Oglethorpe never wavered in wholly opposing slavery in Georgia. With respect to Georgia’s Indians, he had an enlightened policy, always respecting their customs, language, and needs. Land cessions were always agreed to by treaty according to proper Indian custom. Also, Oglethorpe actively sought to protect the Indians from unscrupulous white traders.</p> <section class="block block-simple-image align-center wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter" data-image-id="8701"> <img decoding="async" width="1024" height="692" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='1024'%20height='692'%20viewBox='0%200%201024%20692'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-large size-large perfmatters-lazy" alt="Oglethorpe with Creek Indians" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-1024x692.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-1024x692.jpg 1024w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x203.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-1599x1080.jpg 1599w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-697x471.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-420x284.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-133x90.jpg 133w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-118x80.jpg 118w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-888x600.jpg 888w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001.jpg 2010w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x203@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-697x471@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-420x284@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-133x90@2x.jpg 266w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-118x80@2x.jpg 236w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-888x600@2x.jpg 1776w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="692" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-1024x692.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="Oglethorpe with Creek Indians" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-1024x692.jpg 1024w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x203.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-1599x1080.jpg 1599w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-697x471.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-420x284.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-133x90.jpg 133w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-118x80.jpg 118w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-888x600.jpg 888w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001.jpg 2010w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x203@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-697x471@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-420x284@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-133x90@2x.jpg 266w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-118x80@2x.jpg 236w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-888x600@2x.jpg 1776w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></noscript> <div class="nge-captions"> <figcaption>Oglethorpe with Creek Indians</figcaption> <figcaption class="nge-credit-text">Courtesy of <a href='https://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/'>Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries</a>.</figcaption> </div> </figure> </section> <p>Oglethorpe had come to Georgia with no formal title other than Trustee. Although he could not hold office, Oglethorpe was clearly the leader of the colony, subject to instructions and rules promulgated by the Trustees back in London. In recognition of his role, he is almost universally regarded as Georgia’s first <a href="/articles/government-politics/governor/">governor</a>.</p> <p>Despite its charitable origins, Georgia was also a military buffer designed to protect Britain’s southern colonies. As the Spanish military presence in St. Augustine, Florida, grew, Oglethorpe’s dream that Georgia would become an ideal agrarian society began to fade. The threat of invasion heightened, and Oglethorpe focused his efforts on the defense of Georgia. Because support from the Trustees and Parliament had never been sufficient, Oglethorpe had mortgaged his landholdings back in England to finance the colony’s needs. Although he hoped that Parliament would repay his rising debts, he fully realized that he could lose everything. Oglethorpe believed in the cause of Georgia—and as long as he had anything that he could mortgage to raise money for the colony, he was not going to give up.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Military Leadership</h3> <p>Oglethorpe returned to London on several occasions to lobby the Trustees and Parliament for funding to build forts in Georgia. During a visit in 1737 Oglethorpe convinced King George II to appoint him as a colonel in the army and give him a regiment of British soldiers to take back to Georgia. Interestingly, Oglethorpe was a civilian at this time, with only limited military experience (primarily as an aide to Prince Eugene). Nevertheless, he got what he wanted: rank in the regular army and a regiment. Oglethorpe also was given the title of “General and Commander in Chief of all and singular his Majesty’s provinces of Carolina and Georgia.” This has led to confusion as to whether Oglethorpe was now a colonel or a general. In terms of military rank in the British army, he was a colonel. During the pending hostilities with Spain, however, Oglethorpe also held a brevet (or temporary) field commission as general in order to command all allied forces (Carolina Rangers, Indian allies, etc.). Only in September 1743, however, was Oglethorpe actually promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the British army.</p> <section class="block block-simple-image align-center wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter" data-image-id="14050"> <img decoding="async" width="798" height="1024" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='798'%20height='1024'%20viewBox='0%200%20798%201024'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-large size-large perfmatters-lazy" alt="James Oglethorpe" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-798x1024.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-798x1024.jpg 798w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-234x300.jpg 234w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-842x1080.jpg 842w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-697x894.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-420x539.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-70x90.jpg 70w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-62x80.jpg 62w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-468x600.jpg 468w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003.jpg 1377w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-420x539@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-70x90@2x.jpg 140w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-62x80@2x.jpg 124w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-468x600@2x.jpg 936w" data-sizes="(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="798" height="1024" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-798x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="James Oglethorpe" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-798x1024.jpg 798w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-234x300.jpg 234w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-842x1080.jpg 842w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-697x894.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-420x539.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-70x90.jpg 70w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-62x80.jpg 62w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-468x600.jpg 468w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003.jpg 1377w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-420x539@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-70x90@2x.jpg 140w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-62x80@2x.jpg 124w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_003-468x600@2x.jpg 936w" sizes="(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px" /></noscript> <div class="nge-captions"> <figcaption>James Oglethorpe</figcaption> <figcaption class="nge-credit-text">Courtesy of <a href='https://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/'>Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia</a>.</figcaption> </div> </figure> </section> <p>After the <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/war-of-jenkins-ear/">War of Jenkins’ Ear</a> erupted in 1739, Oglethorpe was ready to take the initiative. In 1740 he assembled an invasion force consisting of his regiment, Indian allies, Carolina Rangers, and several ships in the Royal Navy. His goal was the Spanish fortress at St. Augustine. Unfortunately, the siege failed and the allied force fell apart, forcing a dejected Oglethorpe back to <a href="/articles/geography-environment/st-simons-island/">St. Simons Island</a> to await the Spanish counterattack that would surely follow.</p> <p>The Spanish invasion of Georgia came in July 1742. Ships bearing thousands of Spanish troops landed on the south end of St. Simons Island. Back at <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/fort-frederica/">Fort Frederica</a>, which was still under construction, Oglethorpe rallied his forces for battle. In a critical skirmish known as the Battle of Gully Hole Creek, Oglethorpe’s forces turned back a Spanish advance force. As they pursued the retreating Spaniards down the trail, Oglethorpe halted his force at the edge of a <a href="/articles/geography-environment/tidal-marshes/">marsh</a>. Here he positioned his men to await the counterattack by the main Spanish army. Oglethorpe then took temporary leave of his force to return to Fort Frederica, which he feared was under naval attack. Finding no such assault underway, Oglethorpe left to rejoin his men at the marsh. Meanwhile, Spanish troops had already arrived but were turned back after a brief but fierce fight. Ironically, Oglethorpe arrived just after the conclusion of what would become known as the <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/battle-of-bloody-marsh/">Battle of Bloody Marsh</a>. This loss helped persuade Spanish commanders to withdraw to St. Augustine. Never again would Spanish forces mount an offensive against Britain’s colonies on the East Coast of America. As a result, Oglethorpe was a national hero in England, and King George II promoted him to brigadier general in His Majesty’s Army.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Return to England</h3> <p>In 1743 Oglethorpe led one more unsuccessful attempt to take the Spanish fortress at St. Augustine. While he pondered his future, Oglethorpe suddenly received word that he had to return to London. After the Florida invasion an unhappy officer in his regiment had made some serious allegations of misconduct against Oglethorpe, and the War Office in London wanted the general to answer those charges. Also, Oglethorpe needed Parliament to repay him for his substantial personal loans on Georgia’s behalf.</p> <p>In 1744 a special board of general officers discharged all allegations that had been made against the general. That same year Parliament voted to reimburse Oglethorpe—so both his honor and fortune had been preserved.</p> <p>To this point Oglethorpe had lived his life almost solely for others, but that was to change. In London the popular hero met Elizabeth Wright, a recent heiress. They married in September 1744 and settled at Cranham Hall, her inherited estate in the small Essex town of Cranham, seventeen miles east of London.</p> <p>Much of their social life was spent in London, where Oglethorpe became friends with Samuel Johnson, James Boswell, Oliver Goldsmith, and other well-known men and women of the time. In 1745 Oglethorpe resumed his military career after the invasion of forces attempting to place the Stuart Pretender, Bonnie Prince Charlie, on the British throne. He was ordered to take a force to the north of England to engage the invaders, but because of controversy centering upon his strategy in the campaign, Oglethorpe was subjected to a court martial. Once again, he was totally exonerated.</p> <section class="block block-simple-image align-center wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter" data-image-id="11341"> <img decoding="async" width="678" height="1024" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='678'%20height='1024'%20viewBox='0%200%20678%201024'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-large size-large perfmatters-lazy" alt="James Oglethorpe" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-678x1024.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-678x1024.jpg 678w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-199x300.jpg 199w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-715x1080.jpg 715w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-697x1053.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-420x634.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-60x90.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-53x80.jpg 53w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-397x600.jpg 397w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002.jpg 1291w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-199x300@2x.jpg 398w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-420x634@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-60x90@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-53x80@2x.jpg 106w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-397x600@2x.jpg 794w" data-sizes="(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="678" height="1024" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-678x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="James Oglethorpe" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-678x1024.jpg 678w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-199x300.jpg 199w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-715x1080.jpg 715w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-697x1053.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-420x634.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-60x90.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-53x80.jpg 53w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-397x600.jpg 397w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002.jpg 1291w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-199x300@2x.jpg 398w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-420x634@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-60x90@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-53x80@2x.jpg 106w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-397x600@2x.jpg 794w" sizes="(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px" /></noscript> <div class="nge-captions"> <figcaption>James Oglethorpe</figcaption> <figcaption class="nge-credit-text">Courtesy of <a href='https://georgiahistory.com/'>Georgia Historical Society</a>.</figcaption> </div> </figure> </section> <p>Oglethorpe continued to serve on the Board of Trustees of Georgia. Despite his opposition, however, the Trustees gradually relaxed their restrictions on land ownership, inheritance, rum, and slavery. As a result, the general’s attendance on the board declined. By 1750 Georgia’s founder was no longer involved with the board at all. The grand experiment was over, and the few remaining Trustees voted to return their charter to govern Georgia, which subsequently became a <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/royal-georgia-1752-1776/">royal colony</a>.</p> <p>Oglethorpe remained in Parliament until 1754, when he was defeated in a bid for reelection. Eventually he became the senior general in the British army, but never again would he serve on active duty (though there is a popular legend that with the outbreak of the <a href="/articles/history-archaeology/revolutionary-war-in-georgia/">American Revolution</a> [1775-83], Oglethorpe was asked to command a British force—an offer he declined). The general did have one final experience on the field of battle. In the 1750s he left England quietly to fight in Europe with his old friend Field Marshal James Keith in the Seven Years’ War (1756-63). Because of possible implications of a British general’s involvement in a war against France, however, Oglethorpe served under fictitious names.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Later Life</h3> <p>Oglethorpe returned to England in 1760 to live the life of a gentleman. He and Elizabeth divided their time between their country estate and their London town house on Lower Grosvenor Street. Though they never had children, by all accounts James and Elizabeth enjoyed an active social life entertaining friends and many of the <a href="/articles/arts-culture/literature-overview/">literary</a> and artistic figures of the day.</p> <p>Oglethorpe eventually lived to see the colony that he founded become part of the United States of America. Though the historical record is silent as to how he felt about the American Revolution, it is known that on June 4, 1785, Oglethorpe met with John Adams, the first U.S. ambassador to Great Britain, and expressed “great esteem and regard for America.”</p> <p>After a brief illness Oglethorpe died on June 30, 1785—just six months shy of his eighty-ninth birthday. He was buried in a vault beneath the chancel floor of the Parish Church of All Saints, which stands immediately adjacent to Cranham Hall. Upon her death two years later, Elizabeth was interred in the same tomb.</p> <p>Georgians still remember James Edward Oglethorpe in many ways. His name adorns <a href="/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/oglethorpe-county/">Oglethorpe County</a>, two towns (including <a href="/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/oglethorpe/">Oglethorpe</a>), <a href="/articles/education/oglethorpe-university/">Oglethorpe University</a>, and numerous schools, streets, parks, and businesses. In paying tribute to Oglethorpe, however, Georgians can perhaps best honor his memory by remembering him as a man who wouldn’t quit and who lived by the simple but profound philosophy that life is not about self, but about others.</p> </div> <div class="article-meta article-meta-footer"> <div class="article-authors"><strong class="article-authors-label">Author</strong><span class="article-authors-name"><a href=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/authors/edwin-jackson/">Edwin L. Jackson</a>, University of Georgia</span></div><div class="article-dates"><span class="article-dates-posted">Originally published Dec 2, 2003</span><span class="article-dates-updated">Last edited Jul 21, 2020</span></div> </div> <footer class="article-footer">  <div class="footer-block citation"> <header class="footer-block-header citation-header"> <h3 class="footer-block-heading">Cite this Article</h3> <div class="citation-selector"> <a class="citation-selector-active" data-reveal="citation-selector-options" aria-label="Select Citation Style" aria-expanded="false" > Style: <strong class="citation-standard">Chicago</strong> <svg aria-hidden="true" width="11" height="6" viewBox="0 0 11 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Chevron down</title> <path opacity="0.5" d="M-2.71255e-07 0.630242C-2.64371e-07 0.472761 0.0643584 0.315279 0.193703 0.189167C0.452406 -0.0630561 0.856225 -0.0630561 1.11428 0.189167L5.492 4.45724L9.88539 0.189167C10.1441 -0.0630558 10.5479 -0.0630558 10.806 0.189167C11.0647 0.441391 11.0647 0.835095 10.806 1.08669L5.96014 5.81115C5.83079 5.93726 5.66926 6 5.50774 6C5.3298 6 5.16827 5.93725 5.05533 5.81115L0.2095 1.08669C0.0643775 0.9452 -2.78139e-07 0.787724 -2.71255e-07 0.630242Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </a> <div class="overflow citation-selector-options" aria-hidden="true"> <a class="overflow-link active" href="#" data-id="citation-chicago"><span class="overflow-link-text">Chicago</span></a> <a class="overflow-link inactive" href="#" data-id="citation-apa"><span class="overflow-link-text">APA</span></a> <a class="overflow-link inactive" href="#" data-id="citation-mla"><span class="overflow-link-text">MLA</span></a> </div> </div> </header> <div class="footer-block-content citation-content"> <div class="citation-style citation-chicago active" data-id="citation-chicago"> <p>Jackson, Edwin. "James Oglethorpe." New Georgia Encyclopedia, last modified Jul 21, 2020. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/</p> </div> <div class="citation-style citation-apa" data-id="citation-apa"> <p>Jackson, E. L. (2003). James Oglethorpe. In <em>New Georgia Encyclopedia</em>. Retrieved Jul 21, 2020, from https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/</p> </div> <div class="citation-style citation-mla" data-id="citation-mla"> <p>Jackson, Edwin. "James Oglethorpe." <em>New Georgia Encyclopedia</em>, 02 December 2003, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/.</p> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="footer-block resources tabs-container"> <header class="footer-block-header resources-header"> <h3 class="footer-block-heading">Further Reading</h3> <ul role="tablist" class="resources-tabs tabs"> <li id="tab-resources-list-offline" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="resources-list-offline" tabindex="-1" class="tab " data-id="resources-list-offline" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="19" viewBox="0 0 18 19" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Literature</title> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.65 0.5H9.45C10.1944 0.5 10.8 1.10562 10.8 1.85V2.84223C10.8068 2.17649 11.3069 1.6005 11.9855 1.51718L14.6654 1.18812C15.4042 1.09739 16.0791 1.62467 16.1698 2.36352L17.9247 16.6562C18.0155 17.3951 17.4882 18.07 16.7494 18.1607L14.0695 18.4897C13.3306 18.5804 12.6557 18.0531 12.565 17.3142L10.8101 3.02164C10.8038 2.97071 10.8005 2.92008 10.8 2.86992V17.15C10.8 17.8944 10.1944 18.5 9.45 18.5H7.65C7.30451 18.5 6.98903 18.3694 6.75 18.1551C6.51097 18.3694 6.19549 18.5 5.85 18.5H1.35C0.605616 18.5 0 17.8944 0 17.15V3.65C0 2.90562 0.605616 2.3 1.35 2.3H5.85C6.00775 2.3 6.15915 2.32745 6.3 2.3774V1.85C6.3 1.10562 6.90562 0.5 7.65 0.5ZM1.35 17.6H5.85C6.09812 17.6 6.3 17.3981 6.3 17.15V3.65C6.3 3.40188 6.09812 3.2 5.85 3.2H1.35C1.10188 3.2 0.9 3.40188 0.9 3.65V17.15C0.9 17.3981 1.10188 17.6 1.35 17.6ZM9.45 17.6C9.69812 17.6 9.9 17.3981 9.9 17.15V1.85C9.9 1.60188 9.69812 1.4 9.45 1.4H7.65C7.40188 1.4 7.2 1.60188 7.2 1.85V17.15C7.2 17.3981 7.40188 17.6 7.65 17.6H9.45ZM2.3766 5.89979H4.95004C5.19855 5.89979 5.40004 5.6983 5.40004 5.44979C5.40004 5.20128 5.19855 4.99979 4.95004 4.99979H2.3766C2.12809 4.99979 1.9266 5.20128 1.9266 5.44979C1.9266 5.6983 2.12809 5.89979 2.3766 5.89979ZM12.0952 2.41049C11.8489 2.44072 11.6732 2.66569 11.7034 2.91195L13.4583 17.2046C13.4885 17.4509 13.7135 17.6267 13.9598 17.5964L16.6396 17.2674C16.8859 17.2372 17.0617 17.0122 17.0315 16.7659L15.2766 2.47323C15.2463 2.22697 15.0213 2.05119 14.7751 2.08142L12.0952 2.41049ZM13.3175 4.98082L14.2109 4.87113C14.4576 4.84084 14.633 4.61635 14.6027 4.36967C14.5724 4.12298 14.3479 3.94757 14.1012 3.97786L13.2079 4.08754C12.9612 4.11783 12.7858 4.34236 12.816 4.58901C12.8463 4.83567 13.0709 5.01111 13.3175 4.98082Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Literature</span> </li> <li id="tab-resources-list-online" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="resources-list-online" tabindex="0" class="tab active" data-id="resources-list-online" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="16" height="17" viewBox="0 0 16 17" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Computer</title> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.2 0.900024H14.8C15.4617 0.900024 16 1.43835 16 2.10002V12.5C16 13.1617 15.4617 13.7 14.8 13.7H10.6472L11.2 14.8056C11.3268 15.0592 11.4584 15.2395 11.5271 15.3133C11.6983 15.3586 11.8245 15.5146 11.8245 15.7C11.8245 15.921 11.6455 16.1 11.4246 16.1H4.57543C4.35453 16.1 4.17543 15.921 4.17543 15.7C4.17543 15.5146 4.30168 15.3586 4.47293 15.3133C4.54163 15.2394 4.67322 15.0591 4.8 14.8056L5.35278 13.7H1.2C0.538325 13.7 0 13.1617 0 12.5V2.10002C0 1.43835 0.538325 0.900024 1.2 0.900024ZM14.8 1.70002H1.2C0.97945 1.70002 0.8 1.87947 0.8 2.10002V9.70002H15.2V2.10002C15.2 1.87947 15.0205 1.70002 14.8 1.70002ZM10.5561 15.3C10.5315 15.2552 10.5076 15.2095 10.4845 15.1634L9.75283 13.7H6.24723L5.51555 15.1634C5.49248 15.2095 5.4685 15.2552 5.4439 15.3H10.5561ZM1.2 12.9H14.8C15.0205 12.9 15.2 12.7206 15.2 12.5V10.5H0.8V12.5C0.8 12.7206 0.97945 12.9 1.2 12.9ZM7.59987 12.0998H8.39987C8.62079 12.0998 8.79987 11.9207 8.79987 11.6998C8.79987 11.4788 8.62079 11.2998 8.39987 11.2998H7.59987C7.37897 11.2998 7.19987 11.4788 7.19987 11.6998C7.19987 11.9207 7.37897 12.0998 7.59987 12.0998Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Online</span> </li> </ul> </header> <div class="footer-block-content resources-content tabs-content"> <ul class="resources-list resources-list-offline tab-content " data-id="resources-list-offline" id="resources-list-offline" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-resources-list-offline" aria-hidden="true" > <li class="resource"> <div class="resource-text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rodney M. Baine, ed. </span><a href="https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/publications-of-james-edward-oglethorpe"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Publications of James Edward Oglethorpe</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994; reissue, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2021).</span></p> </div> </li> <li class="resource"> <div class="resource-text"> <p>Harvey H. Jackson and Phinizy Spalding, eds., <a href="http://www.ugapress.org/index.php/books/forty_years_of_diversity/"><i>Forty Years of Diversity: Essays on Colonial Georgia</i></a> (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984).</p> </div> </li> <li class="resource"> <div class="resource-text"> <p>John C. Inscoe, ed., <i>James Edward Oglethorpe: New Perspectives on His Life and Legacy</i> (Savannah: Georgia Historical Society, 1997).</p> </div> </li> <li class="resource"> <div class="resource-text"> <p>Phinizy Spalding, <i>Oglethorpe in America</i> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977).</p> </div> </li> <li class="resource"> <div class="resource-text"> <p>Phinizy Spalding and Edwin L. Jackson, <i>James Edward Oglethorpe: A New Look at Georgia’s Founder</i> (Athens: Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia, 1988).</p> </div> </li> <li class="resource"> <div class="resource-text"> <p>Phinizy Spalding and Harvey H. Jackson, eds., <i>Oglethorpe in Perspective: Georgia’s Founder after Two Hundred Years</i> (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1989).</p> </div> </li> <li class="resource"> <div class="resource-text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">James Edward Oglethorpe, </span><a href="https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/some-account-of-the-design-of-the-trustees-for-establishing-colonys-in-america"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some Account of the Design of the Trustees for Establishing Colonys in America</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, ed. Rodney M. Blaine and Phinizy Spalding (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990; reissue, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2021).</span></p> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="resources-list resources-list-online tab-content active" data-id="resources-list-online" id="resources-list-online" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-resources-list-online" aria-hidden="false" > <li class="resource"> <span class="resource-badge">Partner</span> <a class="resource-link" href="http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ugapressbks_ugp9780820334394" >UGA Press History Ebook Project: A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia, by E.Merton Coulter and Albert B. Saye</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <span class="resource-badge">Partner</span> <a class="resource-link" href="http://wabe.org/post/day-history-general-oglethorpe-stakes-claim-yamacraw-bluff" >WABE: This Day in History: General Oglethorpe Stakes a Claim at Yamacraw Bluff</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=9e761506-da94-430c-9a2f-bb4a3987fc54" >Georgia Historical Society: James Edward Oglethorpe Autograph and Print</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=70729b3c-fdc9-4426-9617-0fe14280a4d8" >Georgia Historical Society: James Edward Oglethorpe Papers</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=96f30966-3d86-43b7-b730-796071472deb" >Georgia Historical Society: Oglethorpe Monument Commission Papers</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=775405e4-4737-4713-9a21-c06293365b6e" >Georgia Historical Society: Oglethorpe's Regiment Muster Roll</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=8a915278-cd9b-4a36-925c-c5e7eee46971" >Georgia Historical Society: James Edward Oglethorpe and Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf Letters</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=c048c490-9f36-44da-b120-641419a896ec" >Georgia Historical Society: John McQueen Deeds and Letters</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=e8946404-14a5-44c8-8349-7533e335e203" >Georgia Historical Society: The Gem</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=f62cef7b-c4ae-4800-9e7d-ebe37ec418fb" >Georgia Historical Society: Gentleman's Magazine and Thomas Lediard Articles on Georgia History</a> </li> <li class="resource"> <a class="resource-link" href="https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=f6e8ea5b-b0ee-41f1-98cc-38ac0602f178" >Georgia Historical Society: American Jewish Archives Collection on Georgia History</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="footer-block article-related"> <header class="footer-block-header"> <h3 class="footer-block-heading">Related Articles</h3> </header> <div class="footer-block-content teasers"> <div class="article-related-items teasers-items"> <div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/trustee-georgia-1732-1752/' 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19.9809 17.4184 20.0009 17.5004 20.0009C17.6024 20.0009 17.7044 19.9689 17.7904 19.9079C17.9454 19.7969 18.0244 19.6069 17.9934 19.4179L17.0354 13.6716L20.8536 9.85336C20.9866 9.72135 21.0336 9.52634 20.9766 9.34733C20.9196 9.16832 20.7676 9.03732 20.5826 9.00632L14.8333 8.04826L12.4471 3.27601C12.3631 3.10701 12.1891 3 12.0001 3C11.8111 3 11.6381 3.10701 11.5531 3.27601L9.16697 8.04826L3.41767 9.00632C3.23266 9.03732 3.08065 9.16932 3.02365 9.34733C2.96664 9.52534 3.01465 9.72135 3.14665 9.85336L6.96485 13.6716L6.0068 19.4179C5.9748 19.6069 6.05381 19.7969 6.20981 19.9079C6.36582 20.0189 6.57083 20.0319 6.73884 19.9399L12.0001 17.0707L17.2614 19.9399ZM12.2395 16.0619C12.1655 16.0209 12.0825 16.0009 12.0005 16.0009C11.9185 16.0009 11.8364 16.0209 11.7614 16.0619L7.1622 18.57L7.99325 13.5828C8.01925 13.4228 7.96725 13.2608 7.85324 13.1467L4.54007 9.83357L9.58233 8.99353C9.74034 8.96653 9.87535 8.86652 9.94735 8.72352L12.0005 4.6173L14.0536 8.72352C14.1256 8.86652 14.2606 8.96753 14.4186 8.99353L19.4608 9.83357L16.1477 13.1467C16.0327 13.2608 15.9807 13.4238 16.0077 13.5828L16.8387 18.57L12.2395 16.0619Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <h3 class="icon-header-title">Featured Content</h3> </div> <div class="teasers-items"> <div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/harriet-powers-1837-1910/' tabindex='-1'><img width="300" height="169" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='300'%20height='169'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20169'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-wide-large size-thumb-wide-large wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Harriet Powers" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-300x169.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-300x169.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-90x51@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-90x51.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-300x169@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-180x101@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /><noscript><img width="300" height="169" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-300x169.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-wide-large size-thumb-wide-large wp-post-image" alt="Harriet Powers" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-300x169.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-90x51@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-90x51.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-300x169@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bible-quilt_001-180x101@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class='teaser-text'> <h4 class='teaser-title'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/harriet-powers-1837-1910/'>Harriet Powers</a> </h4><span class='teaser-meta'>Artists</span> </div> </div><div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/' tabindex='-1'><img width="300" height="169" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='300'%20height='169'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20169'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-wide-large size-thumb-wide-large wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="James Oglethorpe" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x169.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x169.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-90x51@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-90x51.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x169@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-180x101@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /><noscript><img width="300" height="169" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x169.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-wide-large size-thumb-wide-large wp-post-image" alt="James Oglethorpe" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x169.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-90x51@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-90x51.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-300x169@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/oglethorpe-and-creeks_001-180x101@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class='teaser-text'> <h4 class='teaser-title'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785/'>James Oglethorpe</a> </h4><span class='teaser-meta'>Colonial Figures</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-trending teasers"> <div class="teasers-header icon-header"> <span class="icon-header-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Trending</title> <path d="M19.341 5.35189C19.1612 5.22069 18.9432 5.21413 18.7774 5.3356L15.265 6.61008C15.0236 6.78647 14.9673 7.17462 15.1404 7.47662C15.3134 7.77862 15.6487 7.8808 15.8887 7.70343L17.7683 7.17529L14.5011 14.2353C14.3498 14.5552 13.9495 14.6954 13.644 14.5341L10.6126 12.9286C9.82448 12.5111 8.84264 12.7876 8.37893 13.5582L4.75115 19.5901C4.58685 19.8631 4.65456 20.262 4.90174 20.4817C5.04155 20.6059 5.20787 20.6455 5.35666 20.6076C5.47056 20.5786 5.5738 20.5034 5.64522 20.3848L9.273 14.3529C9.46161 14.038 9.9277 13.9074 10.2487 14.078L13.2801 15.6836C14.0921 16.1134 15.0448 15.7823 15.4489 14.9278L18.8933 7.55029L19.6246 9.18733C19.6246 9.18733 20.0782 9.69599 20.3746 9.73544C20.4336 9.74417 20.5958 9.74903 20.6491 9.73544C20.8636 9.68082 21.0217 9.46487 21.0275 9.18733L19.6246 5.95465C19.6293 5.71569 19.5185 5.48237 19.3387 5.35117L19.341 5.35189Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <h3 class="icon-header-title">Trending</h3> </div> <div class="teasers-items teasers-small teasers-stacked"> <div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/freedom-singers/' tabindex='-1'><img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Freedom Singers" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-300x230.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1024x785.jpg 1024w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1409x1080.jpg 1409w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-697x534.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-420x322.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-117x90.jpg 117w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-104x80.jpg 104w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-783x600.jpg 783w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-300x230@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1024x785@2x.jpg 2048w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1409x1080@2x.jpg 2818w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-697x534@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-420x322@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-117x90@2x.jpg 234w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-104x80@2x.jpg 208w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-783x600@2x.jpg 1566w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image" alt="Freedom Singers" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-300x230.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1024x785.jpg 1024w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1409x1080.jpg 1409w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-697x534.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-420x322.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-117x90.jpg 117w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-104x80.jpg 104w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-783x600.jpg 783w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-300x230@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1024x785@2x.jpg 2048w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-1409x1080@2x.jpg 2818w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-697x534@2x.jpg 1394w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-420x322@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-117x90@2x.jpg 234w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-104x80@2x.jpg 208w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/albany-movement_001-783x600@2x.jpg 1566w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class='teaser-text'> <h4 class='teaser-title'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/freedom-singers/'>Freedom Singers</a> </h4><span class='teaser-meta'>Country & Folk</span> </div> </div><div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/country-music-overview/' tabindex='-1'><img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Country Music" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-300x228.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-420x319.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-119x90.jpg 119w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-105x80.jpg 105w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001.jpg 640w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-300x228@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-119x90@2x.jpg 238w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-105x80@2x.jpg 210w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image" alt="Country Music" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-300x228.jpg 300w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-420x319.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-119x90.jpg 119w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-105x80.jpg 105w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001.jpg 640w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-300x228@2x.jpg 600w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-119x90@2x.jpg 238w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wsb-barn-dance_001-105x80@2x.jpg 210w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class='teaser-text'> <h4 class='teaser-title'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/country-music-overview/'>Country Music</a> </h4><span class='teaser-meta'>Country & Folk</span> </div> </div><div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/' tabindex='-1'><img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Georgia Guidestones" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image" alt="Georgia Guidestones" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/georgia-guidestones_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class='teaser-text'> <h4 class='teaser-title'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/'>Georgia Guidestones</a> </h4><span class='teaser-meta'>Sites & Museums</span> </div> </div><div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/deportation-of-roswell-mill-women/' tabindex='-1'><img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Deportation of Roswell Mill Women" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image" alt="Deportation of Roswell Mill Women" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/roswell-mill-women_002-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class='teaser-text'> <h4 class='teaser-title'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/deportation-of-roswell-mill-women/'>Deportation of Roswell Mill Women</a> </h4><span class='teaser-meta'>Civil War & Reconstruction Events</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-updated teasers"> <div class="teasers-header icon-header"> <span class="icon-header-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Clock</title> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.8918 13.3796C21.2601 11.0051 20.6813 8.62863 19.2622 6.68841C17.8431 4.7482 15.7543 3.47737 13.3792 3.10825C11.0046 2.73989 8.62816 3.3187 6.6887 4.73724C4.74925 6.15577 3.47766 8.24518 3.10853 10.6203C2.73941 12.9954 3.31898 15.3713 4.73808 17.3115C6.15718 19.2517 8.24602 20.5226 10.6211 20.8917C12.9962 21.2608 15.3721 20.6812 17.3124 19.2621C19.2526 17.843 20.5234 15.7542 20.8918 13.3796ZM5.50113 16.7534C2.88044 13.1704 3.66336 8.12344 7.24642 5.50275C10.8295 2.88206 15.8764 3.66498 18.4971 7.24804C21.1178 10.8311 20.3349 15.878 16.7518 18.4987C13.1687 21.1194 8.12182 20.3365 5.50113 16.7534ZM17.3897 13.8614C17.6289 13.9669 17.7373 14.2467 17.6317 14.4858L17.6325 14.4853C17.527 14.7244 17.2472 14.8328 17.008 14.7273L11.8094 12.4325C11.8065 12.4311 11.8038 12.4298 11.8012 12.4285C11.7985 12.4273 11.7958 12.426 11.793 12.4246C11.7898 12.4234 11.7873 12.4216 11.7841 12.4205C11.7696 12.4135 11.7553 12.4052 11.7418 12.3963C11.7412 12.396 11.7407 12.3957 11.7401 12.3954C11.7388 12.3947 11.7373 12.3938 11.7356 12.3926C11.7207 12.3835 11.7074 12.3733 11.6948 12.3626C11.6945 12.3622 11.6939 12.3618 11.6933 12.3613C11.6927 12.3609 11.6921 12.3605 11.6918 12.3601C11.6787 12.3485 11.665 12.3363 11.6534 12.3236L11.6529 12.3229C11.6407 12.3094 11.6293 12.2955 11.6187 12.281L11.6187 12.2809C11.612 12.2718 11.6058 12.2634 11.5999 12.2536C11.5989 12.2515 11.5975 12.2492 11.5962 12.247C11.5948 12.2447 11.5935 12.2425 11.5925 12.2403C11.5912 12.2377 11.5897 12.2353 11.5882 12.2329C11.5867 12.2304 11.5852 12.228 11.5839 12.2254L11.5756 12.2092L11.5701 12.1968C11.5691 12.1937 11.5677 12.1905 11.5662 12.1872C11.565 12.1845 11.5638 12.1817 11.5627 12.1787L11.5577 12.1671L11.5512 12.1485C11.5505 12.146 11.5498 12.1439 11.5491 12.1417C11.5485 12.1396 11.5478 12.1375 11.5471 12.135C11.5458 12.1312 11.5448 12.1275 11.5439 12.1239C11.5433 12.1214 11.5426 12.1189 11.5419 12.1165C11.541 12.1125 11.5402 12.1086 11.5393 12.1048C11.5378 12.0981 11.5364 12.0917 11.5352 12.085L11.5342 12.0788C11.5322 12.0696 11.531 12.06 11.5298 12.0503C11.5296 12.0492 11.5295 12.0479 11.5294 12.0465C11.5292 12.0451 11.5291 12.0437 11.5289 12.0427C11.5277 12.033 11.5265 12.0233 11.5266 12.0139C11.5268 12.0126 11.5263 12.0118 11.5265 12.0105L11.4287 7.27559C11.4232 7.01448 11.6309 6.79798 11.892 6.7924C12.1531 6.78682 12.3696 6.99459 12.3752 7.2557L12.4669 11.6887L17.3897 13.8614Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <h3 class="icon-header-title">Updated Recently</h3> </div> <div class="teasers-items teasers-small teasers-stacked"> <div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/townsend-prize-for-fiction/' tabindex='-1'><img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Townsend Prize for Fiction" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image" alt="Townsend Prize for Fiction" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Townsend-Prize_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class='teaser-text'> <h4 class='teaser-title'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/townsend-prize-for-fiction/'>Townsend Prize for Fiction</a> </h4><span class='teaser-meta'>5 days ago</span> </div> </div><div class='teaser'> <div class='teaser-image'> <a href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/business-economy/bernie-marcus/' tabindex='-1'><img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Bernie Marcus" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bernie-marcus_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bernie-marcus_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bernie-marcus_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, 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data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fiddlin-john-carson_001-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fiddlin-john-carson_001-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fiddlin-john-carson_001-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fiddlin-john-carson_001-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fiddlin-john-carson_001-60x45@2x.jpg 120w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fiddlin-john-carson_001-180x135@2x.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/fiddlin-john-carson_001-60x45.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image" alt="Fiddlin’ John 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href='https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/third-day/' tabindex='-1'><img width="60" height="45" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='60'%20height='45'%20viewBox='0%200%2060%2045'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumb-full-small size-thumb-full-small wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy" alt="Third Day" decoding="async" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/m-2207-60x45.jpg" data-srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/m-2207-60x45.jpg 60w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/m-2207-90x68@2x.jpg 180w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/m-2207-90x68.jpg 90w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/m-2207-60x45@2x.jpg 120w" data-sizes="(max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /><noscript><img width="60" height="45" 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By the time Oglethorpe and his Georgia colonists arrived in 1733, relations between the Creeks and the English were already well established and centered mainly on trade.</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of <a href='https://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/'>Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" data-id="credit-list-terms" id="credit-list-terms-2" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-terms-2" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="mediamodal-terms"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource should be submitted to the Hargrett Manuscript and Rare Book Library at the University of Georgia. "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":14720,"10":2,"11":4,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial","16":12}">The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource should be submitted to the <a href="https://libraries.uga.edu/hargrett/research/permission">Hargrett Manuscript and Rare Book Library at the University of Georgia</a>. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <div class="mediamodal-main"> <div class="mediamodal-media" data-id="14051"> <img width="786" height="1000" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007.jpg" class="swiper-lazy attachment-bg size-bg" alt="James Oglethorpe" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007.jpg 786w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-236x300.jpg 236w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-697x887.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-420x534.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-71x90.jpg 71w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-63x80.jpg 63w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-472x600.jpg 472w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-71x90@2x.jpg 142w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_007-63x80@2x.jpg 126w" sizes="(max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px" /> </div> <div class="mediamodal-info tabs-container"> <header> <h2 class="mediamodal-title">James Oglethorpe</h2> </header> <ul role="tablist" class="mediamodal-tabs tabs"> <li id="tab-credit-list-detail-3" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="credit-list-detail-3" tabindex="0" class="tab active" data-id="credit-list-detail" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Info</title> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9 1.57556C13.0942 1.57556 16.4255 4.90686 16.4255 9.00109C16.4246 13.0944 13.0942 16.4257 9 16.4257C4.90577 16.4257 1.57447 13.0953 1.57447 9.00016C1.57447 4.90593 4.90484 1.57556 9 1.57556ZM9 0.75C4.44314 0.75 0.75 4.44407 0.75 9C0.75 13.5569 4.44407 17.25 9 17.25C13.5569 17.25 17.25 13.5559 17.25 9C17.25 4.44407 13.5559 0.75 9 0.75ZM9.81387 5.62582C9.81387 6.71175 8.18545 6.71175 8.18545 5.62582C8.18545 4.5399 9.81387 4.5399 9.81387 5.62582ZM9.57729 7.5498H8.42241V13.1898H9.57729V7.5498Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Details</span> </li> <li id="tab-credit-list-terms-3" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="credit-list-terms-3" tabindex="-1" class="tab" data-id="credit-list-terms" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Citation</title> <g opacity="0.699997"> <path d="M2.76841 4.59556C2.53502 4.59556 2.3456 4.78498 2.3456 5.01836V13.4744C2.3456 13.7078 2.53502 13.8972 2.76841 13.8972H12.07C12.4091 13.8972 12.9148 13.6604 13.1321 13.4L16.2778 9.62521C16.446 9.42311 16.446 9.06881 16.2778 8.86755L13.1321 5.09278C12.9148 4.83233 12.4091 4.59556 12.07 4.59556H2.76841ZM12.07 14.7428H2.76841C2.06909 14.7428 1.5 14.1737 1.5 13.4744V5.01836C1.5 4.31905 2.06909 3.74996 2.76841 3.74996H12.07C12.6653 3.74996 13.401 4.09497 13.7815 4.55159L16.9272 8.32637C17.3576 8.84218 17.3576 9.65058 16.9272 10.1672L13.7815 13.942C13.401 14.3995 12.6645 14.7437 12.07 14.7437V14.7428Z" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Terms of Use</span> </li> </ul> <div class="mediamodal-tabs-content tabs-content"> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content active" data-id="credit-list-detail" id="credit-list-detail-3" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-detail-3" aria-hidden="false" > <div class="mediamodal-caption"> <p>James Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, was a forward-thinking visionary who demonstrated great skill as a social reformer and military leader. This portrait is a copy of Oglethorpe University's oval portrait of Oglethorpe, which was painted in 1744. The portrait was discovered in England by Thornwell Jacobs and brought back to Atlanta to hang in the president's office at Oglethorpe University.</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of <a href='https://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/'>Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" data-id="credit-list-terms" id="credit-list-terms-3" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-terms-3" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="mediamodal-terms"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource may need to be submitted to the Digital Library of Georgia. "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":14720,"10":2,"11":4,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial","16":12}">The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource may need to be submitted to the <a href="https://dlg.usg.edu/about/policy">Digital Library of Georgia</a>. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <div class="mediamodal-main"> <div class="mediamodal-media" data-id="11342"> <img width="843" height="1080" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_001-843x1080.jpg" class="swiper-lazy attachment-bg size-bg" alt="James Oglethorpe" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_001-843x1080.jpg 843w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_001-234x300.jpg 234w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_001-800x1024.jpg 800w, 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viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Citation</title> <g opacity="0.699997"> <path d="M2.76841 4.59556C2.53502 4.59556 2.3456 4.78498 2.3456 5.01836V13.4744C2.3456 13.7078 2.53502 13.8972 2.76841 13.8972H12.07C12.4091 13.8972 12.9148 13.6604 13.1321 13.4L16.2778 9.62521C16.446 9.42311 16.446 9.06881 16.2778 8.86755L13.1321 5.09278C12.9148 4.83233 12.4091 4.59556 12.07 4.59556H2.76841ZM12.07 14.7428H2.76841C2.06909 14.7428 1.5 14.1737 1.5 13.4744V5.01836C1.5 4.31905 2.06909 3.74996 2.76841 3.74996H12.07C12.6653 3.74996 13.401 4.09497 13.7815 4.55159L16.9272 8.32637C17.3576 8.84218 17.3576 9.65058 16.9272 10.1672L13.7815 13.942C13.401 14.3995 12.6645 14.7437 12.07 14.7437V14.7428Z" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Terms of Use</span> </li> </ul> <div class="mediamodal-tabs-content tabs-content"> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content active" data-id="credit-list-detail" id="credit-list-detail-4" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-detail-4" aria-hidden="false" > <div class="mediamodal-caption"> <p>James Oglethorpe, a leader in the British movement to found a new colony in America, set sail for the new world on November 17, 1732, accompanied by Georgia's first settlers.</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of <a href='https://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/'>Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" data-id="credit-list-terms" id="credit-list-terms-4" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-terms-4" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="mediamodal-terms"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource should be submitted to the Hargrett Manuscript and Rare Book Library at the University of Georgia. "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":14720,"10":2,"11":4,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial","16":12}">The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource should be submitted to the <a href="https://libraries.uga.edu/hargrett/research/permission">Hargrett Manuscript and Rare Book Library at the University of Georgia</a>. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <div class="mediamodal-main"> <div class="mediamodal-media" data-id="14049"> <img width="705" height="1080" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-705x1080.jpg" class="swiper-lazy attachment-bg size-bg" alt="James Oglethorpe" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-705x1080.jpg 705w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-196x300.jpg 196w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-668x1024.jpg 668w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-697x1068.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-420x644.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-59x90.jpg 59w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-52x80.jpg 52w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-392x600.jpg 392w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005.jpg 1182w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-420x644@2x.jpg 840w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-59x90@2x.jpg 118w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-52x80@2x.jpg 104w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_005-392x600@2x.jpg 784w" sizes="(max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px" /> </div> <div class="mediamodal-info tabs-container"> <header> <h2 class="mediamodal-title">James Oglethorpe</h2> </header> <ul role="tablist" class="mediamodal-tabs tabs"> <li id="tab-credit-list-detail-5" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="credit-list-detail-5" tabindex="0" class="tab active" data-id="credit-list-detail" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Info</title> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9 1.57556C13.0942 1.57556 16.4255 4.90686 16.4255 9.00109C16.4246 13.0944 13.0942 16.4257 9 16.4257C4.90577 16.4257 1.57447 13.0953 1.57447 9.00016C1.57447 4.90593 4.90484 1.57556 9 1.57556ZM9 0.75C4.44314 0.75 0.75 4.44407 0.75 9C0.75 13.5569 4.44407 17.25 9 17.25C13.5569 17.25 17.25 13.5559 17.25 9C17.25 4.44407 13.5559 0.75 9 0.75ZM9.81387 5.62582C9.81387 6.71175 8.18545 6.71175 8.18545 5.62582C8.18545 4.5399 9.81387 4.5399 9.81387 5.62582ZM9.57729 7.5498H8.42241V13.1898H9.57729V7.5498Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Details</span> </li> <li id="tab-credit-list-terms-5" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="credit-list-terms-5" tabindex="-1" class="tab" data-id="credit-list-terms" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Citation</title> <g opacity="0.699997"> <path d="M2.76841 4.59556C2.53502 4.59556 2.3456 4.78498 2.3456 5.01836V13.4744C2.3456 13.7078 2.53502 13.8972 2.76841 13.8972H12.07C12.4091 13.8972 12.9148 13.6604 13.1321 13.4L16.2778 9.62521C16.446 9.42311 16.446 9.06881 16.2778 8.86755L13.1321 5.09278C12.9148 4.83233 12.4091 4.59556 12.07 4.59556H2.76841ZM12.07 14.7428H2.76841C2.06909 14.7428 1.5 14.1737 1.5 13.4744V5.01836C1.5 4.31905 2.06909 3.74996 2.76841 3.74996H12.07C12.6653 3.74996 13.401 4.09497 13.7815 4.55159L16.9272 8.32637C17.3576 8.84218 17.3576 9.65058 16.9272 10.1672L13.7815 13.942C13.401 14.3995 12.6645 14.7437 12.07 14.7437V14.7428Z" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Terms of Use</span> </li> </ul> <div class="mediamodal-tabs-content tabs-content"> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content active" data-id="credit-list-detail" id="credit-list-detail-5" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-detail-5" aria-hidden="false" > <div class="mediamodal-caption"> <p>James Oglethorpe, along with a twenty-one-member Board of Trustees, founded the colony of Georgia in 1733 and directed its development for nearly a decade. Although the board appointed Anglican clergy to the new colony, Oglethorpe welcomed settlers of a variety of religious persuasions.</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of Oglethorpe University</p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" data-id="credit-list-terms" id="credit-list-terms-5" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-terms-5" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="mediamodal-terms"> <p>The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. 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13.5559 17.25 9C17.25 4.44407 13.5559 0.75 9 0.75ZM9.81387 5.62582C9.81387 6.71175 8.18545 6.71175 8.18545 5.62582C8.18545 4.5399 9.81387 4.5399 9.81387 5.62582ZM9.57729 7.5498H8.42241V13.1898H9.57729V7.5498Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Details</span> </li> <li id="tab-credit-list-terms-6" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="credit-list-terms-6" tabindex="-1" class="tab" data-id="credit-list-terms" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Citation</title> <g opacity="0.699997"> <path d="M2.76841 4.59556C2.53502 4.59556 2.3456 4.78498 2.3456 5.01836V13.4744C2.3456 13.7078 2.53502 13.8972 2.76841 13.8972H12.07C12.4091 13.8972 12.9148 13.6604 13.1321 13.4L16.2778 9.62521C16.446 9.42311 16.446 9.06881 16.2778 8.86755L13.1321 5.09278C12.9148 4.83233 12.4091 4.59556 12.07 4.59556H2.76841ZM12.07 14.7428H2.76841C2.06909 14.7428 1.5 14.1737 1.5 13.4744V5.01836C1.5 4.31905 2.06909 3.74996 2.76841 3.74996H12.07C12.6653 3.74996 13.401 4.09497 13.7815 4.55159L16.9272 8.32637C17.3576 8.84218 17.3576 9.65058 16.9272 10.1672L13.7815 13.942C13.401 14.3995 12.6645 14.7437 12.07 14.7437V14.7428Z" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Terms of Use</span> </li> </ul> <div class="mediamodal-tabs-content tabs-content"> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content active" data-id="credit-list-detail" id="credit-list-detail-6" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-detail-6" aria-hidden="false" > <div class="mediamodal-caption"> <p>James Oglethorpe defended the new colony of Georgia militarily, holding the titles of general and commander in chief.</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of <a href='https://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/'>Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" 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Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource may need to be submitted to the Digital Library of Georgia. "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":14720,"10":2,"11":4,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial","16":12}">The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource may need to be submitted to the <a href="https://dlg.usg.edu/about/policy">Digital Library of Georgia</a>. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <div class="mediamodal-main"> <div class="mediamodal-media" data-id="11341"> <img width="715" height="1080" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-715x1080.jpg" class="swiper-lazy attachment-bg size-bg" alt="James Oglethorpe" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-715x1080.jpg 715w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-199x300.jpg 199w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe_002-678x1024.jpg 678w, 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9.00109C16.4246 13.0944 13.0942 16.4257 9 16.4257C4.90577 16.4257 1.57447 13.0953 1.57447 9.00016C1.57447 4.90593 4.90484 1.57556 9 1.57556ZM9 0.75C4.44314 0.75 0.75 4.44407 0.75 9C0.75 13.5569 4.44407 17.25 9 17.25C13.5569 17.25 17.25 13.5559 17.25 9C17.25 4.44407 13.5559 0.75 9 0.75ZM9.81387 5.62582C9.81387 6.71175 8.18545 6.71175 8.18545 5.62582C8.18545 4.5399 9.81387 4.5399 9.81387 5.62582ZM9.57729 7.5498H8.42241V13.1898H9.57729V7.5498Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Details</span> </li> <li id="tab-credit-list-terms-7" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="credit-list-terms-7" tabindex="-1" class="tab" data-id="credit-list-terms" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Citation</title> <g opacity="0.699997"> <path d="M2.76841 4.59556C2.53502 4.59556 2.3456 4.78498 2.3456 5.01836V13.4744C2.3456 13.7078 2.53502 13.8972 2.76841 13.8972H12.07C12.4091 13.8972 12.9148 13.6604 13.1321 13.4L16.2778 9.62521C16.446 9.42311 16.446 9.06881 16.2778 8.86755L13.1321 5.09278C12.9148 4.83233 12.4091 4.59556 12.07 4.59556H2.76841ZM12.07 14.7428H2.76841C2.06909 14.7428 1.5 14.1737 1.5 13.4744V5.01836C1.5 4.31905 2.06909 3.74996 2.76841 3.74996H12.07C12.6653 3.74996 13.401 4.09497 13.7815 4.55159L16.9272 8.32637C17.3576 8.84218 17.3576 9.65058 16.9272 10.1672L13.7815 13.942C13.401 14.3995 12.6645 14.7437 12.07 14.7437V14.7428Z" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Terms of Use</span> </li> </ul> <div class="mediamodal-tabs-content tabs-content"> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content active" data-id="credit-list-detail" id="credit-list-detail-7" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-detail-7" aria-hidden="false" > <div class="mediamodal-caption"> <p>Georgians have honored founder James Oglethorpe by naming a county, two cities, a university, and numerous schools, streets, parks, and businesses for him.</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of <a href='https://georgiahistory.com/'>Georgia Historical Society</a>, Georgia Historical Society collection of portraits, #GHS 1361-AF-327.</p> <p><a href='https://7063.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=eae932a7-b698-4a39-a01b-05eb2d83ce26' class='external-source'> View on partner site <svg aria-hidden="true" width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 0 11 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M10.2143 1.34099L5.77797 5.77691C5.62377 5.92569 5.37921 5.92373 5.22748 5.772C5.07574 5.62027 5.07377 5.37575 5.22257 5.22156L9.65889 0.785641H6.67859C6.46153 0.785641 6.28573 0.609859 6.28573 0.392821C6.28573 0.175782 6.46153 0 6.67859 0H10.6071C10.7113 0 10.8114 0.0412455 10.8851 0.1149C10.9588 0.188554 11 0.288721 11 0.392815V4.32102C11 4.53806 10.8242 4.71384 10.6071 4.71384C10.3901 4.71384 10.2143 4.53806 10.2143 4.32102V1.34099ZM3.14288 1.57128H1.17759C0.527408 1.57128 0 2.09668 0 2.7468V9.82448C0 10.4726 0.533304 11 1.18004 11H8.24755C8.56086 11 8.86139 10.8763 9.08237 10.6548C9.30384 10.4334 9.42809 10.1329 9.4276 9.81958V7.85698V7.85747C9.4276 7.64044 9.2518 7.46465 9.03474 7.46465C8.81817 7.46465 8.64188 7.64044 8.64188 7.85747V9.82007V9.81958C8.64237 9.92466 8.60112 10.0248 8.52697 10.099C8.45282 10.1731 8.35215 10.2144 8.24755 10.2144H1.18003C0.964458 10.2134 0.789137 10.0401 0.785705 9.82449V2.74681C0.785705 2.53125 0.961013 2.35693 1.17758 2.35693H3.14287C3.35993 2.35693 3.53572 2.18114 3.53572 1.96411C3.53572 1.74707 3.35993 1.57129 3.14287 1.57129L3.14288 1.57128Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg><br /> </a></p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" data-id="credit-list-terms" id="credit-list-terms-7" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-terms-7" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="mediamodal-terms"> <p>The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for 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All requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource must be submitted to <a href="https://georgiahistory.com/research-the-collection/image-and-document-reproductions/">Georgia Historical Society</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <div class="mediamodal-main"> <div class="mediamodal-media" data-id="18113"> <img width="824" height="894" data-src="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933.jpg" class="swiper-lazy attachment-bg size-bg" alt="James Oglethorpe Stamp" decoding="async" srcset="https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933.jpg 824w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-277x300.jpg 277w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-697x756.jpg 697w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-420x456.jpg 420w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-83x90.jpg 83w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-74x80.jpg 74w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-553x600.jpg 553w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-277x300@2x.jpg 554w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-83x90@2x.jpg 166w, https://bunny-wp-pullzone-cjamrcljf0.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/james-oglethorpe-stamp-1933-74x80@2x.jpg 148w" sizes="(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px" /> </div> <div class="mediamodal-info tabs-container"> <header> <h2 class="mediamodal-title">James Oglethorpe Stamp</h2> </header> <ul role="tablist" class="mediamodal-tabs tabs"> <li id="tab-credit-list-detail-8" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="credit-list-detail-8" tabindex="0" class="tab active" data-id="credit-list-detail" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Info</title> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9 1.57556C13.0942 1.57556 16.4255 4.90686 16.4255 9.00109C16.4246 13.0944 13.0942 16.4257 9 16.4257C4.90577 16.4257 1.57447 13.0953 1.57447 9.00016C1.57447 4.90593 4.90484 1.57556 9 1.57556ZM9 0.75C4.44314 0.75 0.75 4.44407 0.75 9C0.75 13.5569 4.44407 17.25 9 17.25C13.5569 17.25 17.25 13.5559 17.25 9C17.25 4.44407 13.5559 0.75 9 0.75ZM9.81387 5.62582C9.81387 6.71175 8.18545 6.71175 8.18545 5.62582C8.18545 4.5399 9.81387 4.5399 9.81387 5.62582ZM9.57729 7.5498H8.42241V13.1898H9.57729V7.5498Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Details</span> </li> <li id="tab-credit-list-terms-8" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="credit-list-terms-8" tabindex="-1" class="tab" data-id="credit-list-terms" > <span class="tab-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Citation</title> <g opacity="0.699997"> <path d="M2.76841 4.59556C2.53502 4.59556 2.3456 4.78498 2.3456 5.01836V13.4744C2.3456 13.7078 2.53502 13.8972 2.76841 13.8972H12.07C12.4091 13.8972 12.9148 13.6604 13.1321 13.4L16.2778 9.62521C16.446 9.42311 16.446 9.06881 16.2778 8.86755L13.1321 5.09278C12.9148 4.83233 12.4091 4.59556 12.07 4.59556H2.76841ZM12.07 14.7428H2.76841C2.06909 14.7428 1.5 14.1737 1.5 13.4744V5.01836C1.5 4.31905 2.06909 3.74996 2.76841 3.74996H12.07C12.6653 3.74996 13.401 4.09497 13.7815 4.55159L16.9272 8.32637C17.3576 8.84218 17.3576 9.65058 16.9272 10.1672L13.7815 13.942C13.401 14.3995 12.6645 14.7437 12.07 14.7437V14.7428Z" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="tab-label">Terms of Use</span> </li> </ul> <div class="mediamodal-tabs-content tabs-content"> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content active" data-id="credit-list-detail" id="credit-list-detail-8" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-detail-8" aria-hidden="false" > <div class="mediamodal-caption"> <p>The U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp featuring Georgia founder James Oglethorpe for the state's bicentennial anniversary in 1933.</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of Smithsonian National Postal Museum</p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" data-id="credit-list-terms" id="credit-list-terms-8" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-terms-8" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="mediamodal-terms"> <p>The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. 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To the Hon[orable] Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America. This View of the Town of Savannah is humbly dedicated by their Honours Obliged and most Obedient Servant, Peter Gordon."</p> </div> <div class="mediamodal-credit"> <p>Courtesy of <a href='https://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/'>Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mediamodal-tab-content tab-content" data-id="credit-list-terms" id="credit-list-terms-9" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-credit-list-terms-9" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="mediamodal-terms"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. 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