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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymology and names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_and_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_and_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultivation and uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_and_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Plum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruim" title="Pruim – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pruim" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82" title="برقوق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برقوق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerolla" title="Cerolla – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cerolla" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD-%C3%A1" title="Lí-á – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lí-á" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruna" title="Pruna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pruna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirinen" title="Eirinen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eirinen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blomme_(frugt)" title="Blomme (frugt) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blomme (frugt)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%CA%BCil_na%CA%BCat%C5%82%CA%BCo%CA%BCiitsoh" title="Chʼil naʼatłʼoʼiitsoh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chʼil naʼatłʼoʼiitsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploom" title="Ploom – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ploom" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Δαμάσκηνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δαμάσκηνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugna" title="Brugna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Brugna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciruela" title="Ciruela – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciruela" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruno_(frukto)" title="Pruno (frukto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pruno (frukto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirg%C3%BCela" title="Cirgüela – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cirgüela" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okaran" title="Okaran – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Okaran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88" title="آلو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prune" title="Prune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prom" title="Prom – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Prom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluma" title="Pluma – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pluma" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbis" title="Plumbis – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Plumbis" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80_(%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A3)" title="Սալոր (միրգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սալոր (միրգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="आलू बुख़ारा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आलू बुख़ारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pruno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem" title="Prem – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%B3ma" title="Plóma – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Plóma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A3" title="שזיף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שזיף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum" title="Plum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Plum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ಲಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಲಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B2%D8%B1" title="ٲر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٲر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mplamu" title="Mplamu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mplamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbalango" title="Mbalango – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mbalango" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Кайналы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кайналы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirguela" title="Zirguela – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Zirguela" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunum" title="Prunum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Prunum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C5%ABme" title="Plūme – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plūme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slyva" title="Slyva – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Slyva" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="പ്ലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്ലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="आलुबुखार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आलुबुखार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="بلام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سیتی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سیتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum" title="Plum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Plum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameixa" title="Ameixa – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ameixa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Чавга – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чавга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciruela" title="Ciruela – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ciruela" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruim_(vrucht)" title="Pruim (vrucht) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pruim (vrucht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruna" title="Pruna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pruna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olxo%CA%BBri" title="Olxoʻri – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Olxoʻri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਲੂ ਬੁਖ਼ਾਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਲੂ ਬੁਖ਼ਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minowad" title="Minowad – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Minowad" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="آلو بخارا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آلو بخارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D9%87" title="آلوچه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آلوچه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameixa" title="Ameixa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ameixa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82)" title="Слива (фрукт) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слива (фрукт)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sunsuli" title="sunsuli – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sunsuli" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploum" title="Ploum – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ploum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbulla" title="Kumbulla – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kumbulla" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunu_(fruttu)" title="Prunu (fruttu) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Prunu (fruttu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum" title="Plum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Plum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88" title="آلو بخارو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آلو بخارو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Шљива – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шљива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ljiva" title="Šljiva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šljiva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="கொத்துப்பேரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொத்துப்பேரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilban" title="Xilban – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Xilban" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afurmas" title="Afurmas – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Afurmas" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Караҗимеш – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Караҗимеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="พลัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%84%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᏆᏄᎾᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏆᏄᎾᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik" title="Erik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82)" title="Слива (фрукт) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Слива (фрукт)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%DB%81" title="آلوچہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آلوچہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makmaenj" title="Makmaenj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Makmaenj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%ADn" title="Mận – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mận" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluum" title="Pluum – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pluum" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Plum">reviewed</a> on <i>19 March 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Edible fruit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Plum_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Plum (disambiguation)">Plum (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Plumtree" redirects here. For the Canadian band, see <a href="/wiki/Plumtree_(band)" title="Plumtree (band)">Plumtree (band)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Plumtree_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Plumtree (disambiguation)">Plumtree (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plums_African_Rose_-_whole,_halved_and_slice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Plums_African_Rose_-_whole%2C_halved_and_slice.jpg/250px-Plums_African_Rose_-_whole%2C_halved_and_slice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Plums_African_Rose_-_whole%2C_halved_and_slice.jpg/330px-Plums_African_Rose_-_whole%2C_halved_and_slice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Plums_African_Rose_-_whole%2C_halved_and_slice.jpg/500px-Plums_African_Rose_-_whole%2C_halved_and_slice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>African Rose plums (<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> or <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> plum).</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>plum</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> of some species in <a href="/wiki/Prunus_subg._Prunus" title="Prunus subg. Prunus"><i>Prunus</i> subg. <i>Prunus</i></a><i>.</i> Dried plums are often called <a href="/wiki/Prune" title="Prune">prunes</a>, though in the United States they may be labeled as 'dried plums', especially during the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oxford_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plum_blossom_on_the_first_day_of_spring_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1214413.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Plum_blossom_on_the_first_day_of_spring_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1214413.jpg/250px-Plum_blossom_on_the_first_day_of_spring_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1214413.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Plum_blossom_on_the_first_day_of_spring_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1214413.jpg/330px-Plum_blossom_on_the_first_day_of_spring_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1214413.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Plum_blossom_on_the_first_day_of_spring_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1214413.jpg/500px-Plum_blossom_on_the_first_day_of_spring_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1214413.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Plum flowers</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zeleni_plodovi.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zeleni_plodovi.2.jpg/250px-%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zeleni_plodovi.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zeleni_plodovi.2.jpg/330px-%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zeleni_plodovi.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zeleni_plodovi.2.jpg/500px-%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zeleni_plodovi.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a><figcaption>Plum unripe fruits</figcaption></figure> <p>Plums are likely to have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans, with origins in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">East European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasian mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. They were brought to <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> from Asia, and their cultivation has been documented in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Plums are a diverse group of species, with trees reaching a height of 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) when pruned. The fruit is a <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a>, with a firm and juicy flesh. </p><p><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> is the largest producer of plums, followed by <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. Japanese or Chinese plums dominate the fresh fruit market, while European plums are also common in some regions. Plums can be eaten fresh, dried to make prunes, used in <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">jams</a>, or fermented into <a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">wine</a> and distilled into <a href="/wiki/Fruit_brandy" title="Fruit brandy">brandy</a>. Plum kernels contain <a href="/wiki/Cyanogenic_glycosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanogenic glycosides">cyanogenic glycosides</a>, but the oil made from them is not commercially available. </p><p>In terms of <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutrition</a>, raw plums are 87% water, 11% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 1% protein, and less than 1% fat. They are a moderate source of vitamin C but do not contain significant amounts of other <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plums are likely to have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of the most abundantly cultivated species are not found in the wild, only around human settlements: <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_domestica" title="Prunus domestica">Prunus domestica</a></i> has been traced to East European and Caucasian mountains, while <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina">Prunus salicina</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_simonii" title="Prunus simonii">Prunus simonii</a></i> originated in China. Plum remains have been found in <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> age archaeological sites along with olives, grapes and figs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ken_Albala" title="Ken Albala">Ken Albala</a>, plums originated in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were brought to Britain from Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An article on plum tree cultivation in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> (southern Spain) appears in <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-%27Awwam" title="Ibn al-'Awwam">Ibn al-'Awwam</a>'s 12th-century agricultural work, <i>Book on Agriculture</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plum cultivation is recorded in medieval monasteries in England. A garden with 'ploumes' and 'bulaces' is referred to by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Chaucer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cultivation of plums increased during the 17th and 18th centuries. During this period <a href="/wiki/Greengage" title="Greengage">greengages</a> were given their English name and the <a href="/wiki/Mirabelle_plum" title="Mirabelle plum">Mirabelle plum</a> became firmly established.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advances in the development of new varieties in England were made by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rivers_(nurseryman)" title="Thomas Rivers (nurseryman)">Thomas Rivers</a>. Two examples of River's work are the varieties Early Rivers and Czar. Both are still esteemed. The fame of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_plum" title="Victoria plum">Victoria plum</a>, first sold in 1844, has been put down to good marketing rather than any inherent quality.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_names">Etymology and names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology and names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name plum derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">plume</i></span> "plum, plum tree", borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic language">Germanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a>, derived from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">prūnum</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">προῦμνον</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">proumnon</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> itself believed to be a loanword from an unknown language of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eol_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 18th century, the word <i>plum</i> was used to indicate "something sweet or agreeable", probably in reference to tasty fruit pieces in <a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">desserts</a>, as in the word sugar-plum.<sup id="cite_ref-eol_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plums are a diverse group of species. The commercially important plum trees are medium-sized, usually pruned to 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) height. The tree is of medium hardiness.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without pruning, the trees can reach 12 metres (39 ft) in height and spread across 10 metres (33 ft). They blossom in different months in different parts of the world; for example, in about January in Taiwan and early April in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fruits are usually of medium size, between 2–7 centimetres (0.79–2.76 in) in diameter, globose to oval. The flesh is firm and juicy. The fruit's peel is smooth, with a natural waxy surface that adheres to the flesh. The plum is a <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a>, meaning its fleshy fruit surrounds a single hard <a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">fruitstone</a> which encloses the fruit's seed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation_and_uses">Cultivation and uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultivation and uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Different plum cultivars</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0163.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese or Chinese plum"><img alt="Japanese or Chinese plum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0163.jpg/250px-16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0163.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0163.jpg/500px-16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0163.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japanese or Chinese plum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Damson_plum_fruit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Damsons (European plum)"><img alt="Damsons (European plum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damson_plum_fruit.jpg/330px-Damson_plum_fruit.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damson_plum_fruit.jpg/500px-Damson_plum_fruit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damson_plum_fruit.jpg/960px-Damson_plum_fruit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1068" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Damsons (European plum)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slivka.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prune plums (European plum)"><img alt="Prune plums (European plum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Slivka.JPG/240px-Slivka.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Slivka.JPG/360px-Slivka.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Slivka.JPG/480px-Slivka.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prune plums (European plum)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 133.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 131.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_domestica_%27Reine_Victoria%27.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victoria plums (European plum)"><img alt="Victoria plums (European plum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Prunus_domestica_%27Reine_Victoria%27.jpg/250px-Prunus_domestica_%27Reine_Victoria%27.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Prunus_domestica_%27Reine_Victoria%27.jpg/330px-Prunus_domestica_%27Reine_Victoria%27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Prunus_domestica_%27Reine_Victoria%27.jpg/500px-Prunus_domestica_%27Reine_Victoria%27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victoria plums (European plum)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greengages_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greengages (European plum)"><img alt="Greengages (European plum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greengages_0.jpg/250px-Greengages_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greengages_0.jpg/500px-Greengages_0.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greengages (European plum)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirabellen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mirabelles (European plum)"><img alt="Mirabelles (European plum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mirabellen.jpg/240px-Mirabellen.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mirabellen.jpg/360px-Mirabellen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mirabellen.jpg/480px-Mirabellen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mirabelles (European plum)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherry_plums.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Myrobalan or cherry plums"><img alt="Myrobalan or cherry plums" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cherry_plums.jpg/250px-Cherry_plums.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cherry_plums.jpg/500px-Cherry_plums.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Myrobalan or cherry plums</div> </li> </ul> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center;"> <caption>Plum (and sloe) production, 2020<br /><small>millions of tonnes</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Production </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>6.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>0.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>0.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>0.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>0.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>0.33 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td><b>World</b></td> <td><b>12.23</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Source: <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">UN Food and Agriculture Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-fao_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Plums, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">192 kJ (46 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">11.42 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">9.92 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.4 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.28 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.7 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 17 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div>190 μg</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">73 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.028 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.026 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.417 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.135 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.029 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 5 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 9.5 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.26 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 6.4 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.17 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 7 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.052 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 16 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 157 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.1 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">87 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216204807/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09279&format=Full">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Japanese or Chinese plums are large and juicy with a long shelf life and therefore dominate the fresh fruit market. They are usually clingstone and not suitable for making prunes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are cultivars of <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina">Prunus salicina</a></i> or its hybrids. The cultivars developed in the US are mostly hybrids of <a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina"><i>P. salicina</i></a> with <a href="/wiki/Prunus_simonii" title="Prunus simonii"><i>P. simonii</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasifera" title="Prunus cerasifera"><i>P. cerasifera</i></a>. Although these cultivars are often called Japanese plums, two of the three parents (<i>P. salicina</i> and <i>P. simonii</i>) originated from China and one (<i>P. cerasifera</i>) from Eurasia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prune.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prune.JPG/250px-Prune.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prune.JPG/330px-Prune.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prune.JPG/500px-Prune.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Prune, a dried plum</figcaption></figure> <p>In some parts of Europe, European plum (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_domestica" title="Prunus domestica">Prunus domestica</a></i>) is also common in fresh fruit market. It has both dessert (eating) or culinary (cooking) <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>, which include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damson" title="Damson">Damson</a> (purple or black skin, green flesh, clingstone, astringent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prune_plum" title="Prune plum">Prune plum</a> (usually oval, freestone, sweet, fresh eaten or used to make prunes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greengage" title="Greengage">Greengage</a> (firm, green flesh and skin even when ripe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabelle_Plum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirabelle Plum">Mirabelle</a> (dark yellow, predominantly grown in northeast <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_plum" title="Victoria plum">Victoria</a> (yellow flesh with a red or mottled skin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellowgage_(plum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellowgage (plum) (page does not exist)">Yellowgage</a> or golden plum (similar to greengage, but yellow)</li></ul> <p>In West Asia, myrobalan plum or cherry plum (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasifera" title="Prunus cerasifera">Prunus cerasifera</a></i>) is also widely cultivated. In Russia, apart from these three commonly cultivated species, there are also many cultivars resulting from hybridization between Japanese plum and myrobalan plum, known as Russian plum (<a href="/wiki/Prunus_%C3%97_rossica" title="Prunus × rossica"><i>Prunus</i> × <i>rossica</i></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When it flowers in the early spring, a plum tree will be covered in <a href="/wiki/Blossom" title="Blossom">blossoms</a>, and in a good year approximately 50% of the flowers will be pollinated and become plums. Flowering starts after 80 <a href="/wiki/Growing_degree_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Growing degree day">growing degree days</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the weather is too dry, the plums will not develop past a certain stage, but will fall from the tree while still tiny, green buds, and if it is unseasonably wet or if the plums are not harvested as soon as they are ripe, the fruit may develop a fungal condition called <a href="/wiki/Monilinia_fructicola" title="Monilinia fructicola">brown rot</a>. Brown rot is not toxic, and some affected areas can be cut out of the fruit, but unless the rot is caught immediately, the fruit will no longer be edible. Plum is used as a food plant by the <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> of some <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a>, including <a href="/wiki/November_moth" title="November moth">November moth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willow_beauty" title="Willow beauty">willow beauty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Short-cloaked_moth" title="Short-cloaked moth">short-cloaked moth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The taste of the plum fruit ranges from sweet to tart; the skin itself may be particularly tart. It is juicy and can be eaten fresh or used in <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a>-making or other recipes. Plum juice can be fermented into <a href="/wiki/Plum_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum wine">plum wine</a>. In central England, a cider-like alcoholic beverage known as <a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">plum jerkum</a> is made from plums. Dried, salted plums are used as a snack, sometimes known as <i><a href="/wiki/Saladitos" title="Saladitos">saladito</a></i> or <i>salao</i>. Various flavors of dried plum are available at Chinese grocers and specialty stores worldwide. They tend to be much drier than the standard prune. Cream, <a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">ginseng</a>, spicy, and salty are among the common varieties. <a href="/wiki/Licorice" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice">Licorice</a> is generally used to intensify the flavor of these plums and is used to make salty plum drinks and toppings for <a href="/wiki/Slush_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slush (beverage)">shaved ice</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Chhoah-peng" title="Chhoah-peng">baobing</a></i>. Pickled plums are another type of preserve available in Asia and international specialty stores. The Japanese variety, called <i><a href="/wiki/Umeboshi" title="Umeboshi">umeboshi</a></i>, is often used for rice balls, called <i>onigiri</i> or <i>omusubi</i>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Ume" class="mw-redirect" title="Ume">ume</a></i>, from which <i>umeboshi</i> are made, is more closely related, however, to the <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricot</a> than to the plum. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, plum is converted into an alcoholic drink named <i><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">slivovitz</a></i> (plum brandy, called in Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin or Serbian <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ljivovica" class="mw-redirect" title="Šljivovica">šljivovica</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large number of plums, of the Damson variety, are also grown in Hungary, where they are called <i>szilva</i> and are used to make <i><a href="/wiki/Lekvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lekvar">lekvar</a></i> (a plum paste jam), <i><a href="/wiki/Palinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Palinka">palinka</a></i> (traditional fruit brandy), plum dumplings, and other foods. In Romania, 80% of the plum production is used to create a similar brandy, called <i><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">țuică</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-prod_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prod-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with many other members of the <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">rose family</a>, plum kernels contain <a href="/wiki/Glycosides#Cyanogenic_glycosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycosides">cyanogenic glycosides</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Amygdalin" title="Amygdalin">amygdalin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prune kernel oil is made from the fleshy inner part of the pit of the plum. Though not available commercially, the wood of plum trees is used by hobbyists and other private woodworkers for musical instruments, knife handles, inlays, and similar small projects.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, global production of plums (data combined with <a href="/wiki/Sloe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloe">sloes</a>) was 12.6 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by China with 56% of the world total (table).<sup id="cite_ref-fao_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> were secondary producers.<sup id="cite_ref-fao_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raw plums are 87% water, 11% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">carbohydrates</a>, 1% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and less than 1% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). In a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>100-gram (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-ounce) reference serving, raw plums supply 192 kilojoules (46 kilocalories) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a> and are a moderate source only of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a> (12% <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>), with no other <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a> in significant content (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prunus_subg._Prunus" title="Prunus subg. Prunus">Prunus subg. Prunus</a></div> <p>The numerous species of <a href="/wiki/Prunus_subg._Prunus" title="Prunus subg. Prunus"><i>Prunus</i> subg. <i>Prunus</i></a> are classified into many sections, but not all of them are called plums. Plums include species of sect. <i>Prunus</i> and sect. <i>Prunocerasus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume">P. mume</a></i> of sect. <i>Armeniaca</i>. Only two plum species, the hexaploid European plum (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_domestica" title="Prunus domestica">Prunus domestica</a></i>) and the diploid Japanese plum (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina">Prunus salicina</a></i> and hybrids), are of worldwide commercial significance. The origin of <i>P. domestica</i> is uncertain but may have involved P. cerasifera and possibly P. spinosa as ancestors. Other species of plum variously originated in Europe, Asia and America.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prunus_sect._Prunus" title="Prunus sect. Prunus">Sect. <i><b>Prunus</b></i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> plums) – leaves in bud rolled inwards; flowers 1–3 together; fruit smooth, often wax-bloomed </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Scientific name</th> <th>Common name</th> <th>Distribution</th> <th>Cytology </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_brigantina_img-000182269O.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prunus_brigantina_img-000182269O.jpg/120px-Prunus_brigantina_img-000182269O.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prunus_brigantina_img-000182269O.jpg/250px-Prunus_brigantina_img-000182269O.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2783" data-file-height="2942" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_brigantina" title="Prunus brigantina">P. brigantina</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Briançon plum, Briançon apricot, marmot plum</td> <td>Europe</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rote_Kirschpflaumen_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Rote_Kirschpflaumen_01.jpg/120px-Rote_Kirschpflaumen_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Rote_Kirschpflaumen_01.jpg/180px-Rote_Kirschpflaumen_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Rote_Kirschpflaumen_01.jpg/240px-Rote_Kirschpflaumen_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasifera" title="Prunus cerasifera">P. cerasifera</a></i></td> <td>cherry plum, myrobalan plum</td> <td>Southeast Europe and Western Asia</td> <td>2n=16,(24) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_cocomilia" title="Prunus cocomilia">P. cocomilia</a></i></td> <td>Italian plum</td> <td>Albania, Croatia, Greece, southern Italy (including Sicily), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and western Turkey</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emma_Leppermann_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Emma_Leppermann_1.jpg/120px-Emma_Leppermann_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Emma_Leppermann_1.jpg/180px-Emma_Leppermann_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Emma_Leppermann_1.jpg/240px-Emma_Leppermann_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_domestica" title="Prunus domestica">P. domestica</a></i> (species of most "plums" and "<a href="/wiki/Prune" title="Prune">prunes</a>")</td> <td></td> <td>Europe</td> <td>2n=16, 48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Damson_plum_fruit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damson_plum_fruit.jpg/120px-Damson_plum_fruit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damson_plum_fruit.jpg/250px-Damson_plum_fruit.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1068" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Damson" title="Damson">P. domestica ssp. insititia</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damson" title="Damson">damsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bullace" title="Bullace">bullaces</a></td> <td>Asia</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_blood_plums_on_tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/3_blood_plums_on_tree.jpg/120px-3_blood_plums_on_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/3_blood_plums_on_tree.jpg/180px-3_blood_plums_on_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/3_blood_plums_on_tree.jpg/240px-3_blood_plums_on_tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="1771" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina">P. salicina</a></i></td> <td>Chinese plum</td> <td>China</td> <td>2n=16,(24) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_simonii.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of Prunus simonii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Prunus_simonii.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="68" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_simonii" title="Prunus simonii">P. simonii</a></i> (widely cultivated in North China)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>China</td> <td>2n=16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg/120px-Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg/180px-Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg/240px-Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_spinosa" title="Prunus spinosa">P. spinosa</a></i></td> <td>blackthorn or sloe</td> <td>Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa</td> <td>2n=4x=32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_Vachuschtii_(Fruit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Prunus_Vachuschtii_%28Fruit%29.jpg/120px-Prunus_Vachuschtii_%28Fruit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Prunus_Vachuschtii_%28Fruit%29.jpg/180px-Prunus_Vachuschtii_%28Fruit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Prunus_Vachuschtii_%28Fruit%29.jpg/240px-Prunus_Vachuschtii_%28Fruit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_vachuschtii" title="Prunus vachuschtii">P. vachuschtii</a></i></td> <td>Alucha</td> <td>Caucasus</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Prunus_sect._Prunocerasus" title="Prunus sect. Prunocerasus">Sect. <i><b>Prunocerasus</b></i></a> (<a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> plums) – leaves in bud folded inwards; flowers 3–5 together; fruit smooth, often wax-bloomed </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Scientific name</th> <th>Common Name</th> <th>Distribution</th> <th>Cytology </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_alleghaniensis" title="Prunus alleghaniensis">P. alleghaniensis</a></i></td> <td>Allegheny plum</td> <td>the Appalachian Mountains from New York to Kentucky and North Carolina, plus the Lower Peninsula of Michigan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_americana_(16236067093a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Prunus_americana_%2816236067093a%29.jpg/120px-Prunus_americana_%2816236067093a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Prunus_americana_%2816236067093a%29.jpg/250px-Prunus_americana_%2816236067093a%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_americana" title="Prunus americana">P. americana</a></i></td> <td>American plum</td> <td>North America from Saskatchewan and Idaho south to New Mexico and east to Québec, Maine and Florida</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ripening_Chickasaw_Plum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ripening_Chickasaw_Plum.JPG/120px-Ripening_Chickasaw_Plum.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ripening_Chickasaw_Plum.JPG/250px-Ripening_Chickasaw_Plum.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_angustifolia" title="Prunus angustifolia">P. angustifolia</a></i></td> <td>Chickasaw plum</td> <td>Florida west as far as New Mexico and California</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_gracilis" title="Prunus gracilis">P. gracilis</a></i></td> <td>Oklahoma plum</td> <td>Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg/120px-Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg/250px-Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_hortulana" title="Prunus hortulana">P. hortulana</a></i></td> <td>Hortulan plum</td> <td>Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_maritima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Prunus_maritima.jpg/120px-Prunus_maritima.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Prunus_maritima.jpg/180px-Prunus_maritima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Prunus_maritima.jpg/240px-Prunus_maritima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_maritima" title="Prunus maritima">P. maritima</a></i></td> <td>Beach plum</td> <td>East Coast of the United States, from Maine south to Maryland</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_mexicana-fruits-leaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Prunus_mexicana-fruits-leaves.jpg/120px-Prunus_mexicana-fruits-leaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Prunus_mexicana-fruits-leaves.jpg/250px-Prunus_mexicana-fruits-leaves.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_mexicana" title="Prunus mexicana">P. mexicana</a></i></td> <td>Mexican plum</td> <td>central United States and Northern Mexico</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_murrayana" title="Prunus murrayana">P. murrayana</a></i></td> <td>Murray's plum</td> <td>Texas</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_nigra_5444371.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Prunus_nigra_5444371.jpg/120px-Prunus_nigra_5444371.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Prunus_nigra_5444371.jpg/250px-Prunus_nigra_5444371.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2214" data-file-height="2214" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_nigra" title="Prunus nigra">P. nigra</a></i></td> <td>Canada plum, Black plum</td> <td>eastern North America from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota and southeastern Manitoba, and south as far as Connecticut, Illinois, and Iowa</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_%C3%97_orthosepala" title="Prunus × orthosepala">P. × orthosepala</a></i> (<i>P. americana</i> × <i>P. angustifolia</i>)</td> <td></td> <td>southern and central United States</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg/120px-Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg/250px-Prunus_armeniaca_E1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_reverchonii" class="mw-redirect" title="Prunus reverchonii">P. reverchonii</a></i></td> <td>Thicket plum</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Creek_plum22.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Creek_plum22.png/120px-Creek_plum22.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Creek_plum22.png/180px-Creek_plum22.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Creek_plum22.png/240px-Creek_plum22.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="324" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_rivularis" title="Prunus rivularis">P. rivularis</a></i></td> <td>River plum, Creek plum,Wildgoose plum</td> <td>California, Arkansas, southern Illinois, south-eastern Kansas, Kentucky, northern Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, south-western Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_subcordata_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Prunus_subcordata_2.jpg/120px-Prunus_subcordata_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Prunus_subcordata_2.jpg/250px-Prunus_subcordata_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_subcordata" title="Prunus subcordata">P. subcordata</a></i></td> <td>Klamath, Oregon, or Sierra plum</td> <td>California and western and southern Oregon</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_texana" title="Prunus texana">P. texana</a></i></td> <td>Texas plum, Sand plum, Peachbush plum</td> <td>central and western Texas</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_umbellata_UGA1120568.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Prunus_umbellata_UGA1120568.jpg/120px-Prunus_umbellata_UGA1120568.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Prunus_umbellata_UGA1120568.jpg/250px-Prunus_umbellata_UGA1120568.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2038" data-file-height="3057" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_umbellata" title="Prunus umbellata">P. umbellata</a></i></td> <td>Hog plum, Flatwoods plum, Sloe plum</td> <td>United States from Virginia, south to Florida, and west to Texas</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Sect. <i><b>Armeniaca</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>) – leaves in bud rolled inwards; flowers very short-stalked; fruit velvety; treated as a distinct subgenus by some authors </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Scientific name</th> <th>Common Name</th> <th>Distribution</th> <th>Cytology </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_mume_fruits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Prunus_mume_fruits.jpg/120px-Prunus_mume_fruits.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Prunus_mume_fruits.jpg/250px-Prunus_mume_fruits.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume">P. mume</a></i></td> <td>Chinese plum, Japanese apricot</td> <td>Western Asia</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In certain parts of the world, some fruits are called plums and are quite different from fruits known as plums in Europe or the Americas. For example, <a href="/wiki/Bouea_macrophylla" title="Bouea macrophylla">marian plums</a> are popular in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, otherwise also known as <i>gandaria</i>, <i>plum mango</i>, <i>ma-praang</i>, <i>ma-yong</i>, <i>ramania</i>, <i>kundang</i>, <i>rembunia</i> or <i>setar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example is the <a href="/wiki/Loquat" title="Loquat">loquat</a>, also known as Japanese plum and Japanese medlar, as well as <i>nispero</i>, <i>bibassier</i> and <i>wollmispel</i> elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Asia and Southeast Asia, <a href="/wiki/Jambul" class="mw-redirect" title="Jambul">Jambul</a>, a fruit from tropical tree in family <a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a>, is similarly sometimes referred to 'damson plums', and it is different from damson plums found in Europe and Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jambul is also called as <i>Java plum</i>, <i>Malabar plum</i>, <i>Jaman</i>, <i>Jamun</i>, <i>Jamblang</i>, <i>Jiwat</i>, <i>Salam</i>, <i>Duhat</i>, <i>Koeli</i>, <i>Jambuláo</i> or <i>Koriang</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sloe or blackthorn, Prunus spinosa"><img alt="Sloe or blackthorn, Prunus spinosa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg/120px-Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg/180px-Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg/240px-Closeup_of_blackthorn_aka_sloe_aka_prunus_spinosa_sweden_20050924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sloe or blackthorn, <i>Prunus spinosa</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:970718-DriedGoldenPlum-IMG_7527-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried yellow plums"><img alt="Dried yellow plums" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/970718-DriedGoldenPlum-IMG_7527-2.jpg/120px-970718-DriedGoldenPlum-IMG_7527-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/970718-DriedGoldenPlum-IMG_7527-2.jpg/250px-970718-DriedGoldenPlum-IMG_7527-2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried yellow plums</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Amber_Plum_DS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black Amber Plum (Japanese or Chinese plum)"><img alt="Black Amber Plum (Japanese or Chinese plum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Black_Amber_Plum_DS.jpg/120px-Black_Amber_Plum_DS.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Black_Amber_Plum_DS.jpg/250px-Black_Amber_Plum_DS.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3426" data-file-height="2284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Black Amber Plum (Japanese or Chinese plum)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zreli_plodovi_(2022).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stanley plum variety"><img alt="Stanley plum variety" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zreli_plodovi_%282022%29.JPG/90px-%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zreli_plodovi_%282022%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zreli_plodovi_%282022%29.JPG/135px-%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zreli_plodovi_%282022%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zreli_plodovi_%282022%29.JPG/180px-%C5%A0ljiva_Stanley_-_zreli_plodovi_%282022%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stanley plum variety</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasifera" title="Prunus cerasifera">Cherry plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree" title="Fruit tree">Fruit tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree_forms" title="Fruit tree forms">Fruit tree forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree_propagation" title="Fruit tree propagation">Fruit tree propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree_pruning" title="Fruit tree pruning">Fruit tree pruning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plum_cultivars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of plum cultivars">List of plum cultivars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plum_dishes" title="List of plum dishes">List of plum dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluot" title="Pluot">Pluot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plum" title="Sugar plum">Sugar plum</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delightedcooking.com/what-is-the-difference-between-prunes-and-dried-plums.htm">"What is the Difference Between Prunes and Dried Plums?"</a>. <i>Delighted Cooking</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delighted+Cooking&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Difference+Between+Prunes+and+Dried+Plums%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delightedcooking.com%2Fwhat-is-the-difference-between-prunes-and-dried-plums.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160925134919/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/prune">"Prune"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/prune">the original</a> on September 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prune&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionaries%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fprune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJules_Janick1998" class="citation book cs1">Jules Janick, ed. (1998). <i>Horticultural Reviews (Volume 23)</i>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471254454" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471254454"><bdi>978-0471254454</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horticultural+Reviews+%28Volume+23%29&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0471254454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJules_Janick2005" class="citation web cs1">Jules Janick (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/NEWCROP/pdfs/origins-fruit-growing-breeding.pdf">"The origins of fruits, fruit growing and fruit breeding"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Purdue University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521204917/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/pdfs/origins-fruit-growing-breeding.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+fruits%2C+fruit+growing+and+fruit+breeding&rft.pub=Purdue+University&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Jules+Janick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hort.purdue.edu%2FNEWCROP%2Fpdfs%2Forigins-fruit-growing-breeding.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpangenberg2006" class="citation journal cs1">Spangenberg; et al. (January 2006). "Chemical analyses of organic residues in archaeological pottery from Arbon Bleiche". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>33</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2005.05.013">10.1016/j.jas.2005.05.013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Chemical+analyses+of+organic+residues+in+archaeological+pottery+from+Arbon+Bleiche&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=2006-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2005.05.013&rft.au=Spangenberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlbala2011" class="citation book cs1">Albala, Ken (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&q=lavash+originated+iran&pg=PA240"><i>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37626-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37626-9"><bdi>978-0-313-37626-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Cultures+of+the+World+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37626-9&rft.aulast=Albala&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTo6c_PJWRgC%26q%3Dlavash%2Boriginated%2Biran%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLyle2010" class="citation book cs1">Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/560560606"><i>The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: How to Find, Identify, and Cook Them</i></a> (2nd ed.). 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Translated by J.-J. Clement-Mullet. Paris: A. Franck. pp. 319–321 (ch. 7 - Article 42). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/780050566">780050566</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+livre+de+l%27agriculture+d%27Ibn-al-Awam+%28kitab-al-felahah%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=319-321+%28ch.+7+-+Article+42%29&rft.pub=A.+Franck&rft.date=1864&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F780050566&rft.aulast=Ibn+al-%27Awwam&rft.aufirst=Ya%E1%B8%A5y%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flelivredelagric00algoog%2Fpage%2Fn14%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span> (pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lelivredelagric00algoog/page/n427/mode/1up">319</a>–321 (Article XLII)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2014). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/">"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TABLE+4-7+Comparison+of+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+This+Report+to+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+the+2005+DRI+Report&rft.pages=120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545428%2Ftable%2Ftab_4_7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span> In: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStallingsHarrisonOria2019" class="citation book cs1">Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+State+Magazine&rft.atitle=Plums&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmagazine.wsu.edu%2F2017%2F08%2F07%2Fplums%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoonprakobByrne2003" class="citation journal cs1">Boonprakob, U.; Byrne, D.H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.622.51">"Species composition of Japanese plum founding clones as revealed by RAPD markers"</a>. <i>Acta Horticulturae</i> (622): <span class="nowrap">473–</span>476. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17660%2Factahortic.2003.622.51">10.17660/actahortic.2003.622.51</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0567-7572">0567-7572</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Horticulturae&rft.atitle=Species+composition+of+Japanese+plum+founding+clones+as+revealed+by+RAPD+markers&rft.issue=622&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E473-%3C%2Fspan%3E476&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17660%2Factahortic.2003.622.51&rft.issn=0567-7572&rft.aulast=Boonprakob&rft.aufirst=U.&rft.au=Byrne%2C+D.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17660%2FActaHortic.2003.622.51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEremin2006" class="citation journal cs1">Eremin, G.V. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9274159">"<i>Prunus rossica</i> (Rosaceae), a new hybridogenous species"</a>. <i>Botanicheskii Zhurnal</i>. <b>91</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">1405–</span>1410.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanicheskii+Zhurnal&rft.atitle=Prunus+rossica+%28Rosaceae%29%2C+a+new+hybridogenous+species&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1405-%3C%2Fspan%3E1410&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Eremin&rft.aufirst=G.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elibrary.ru%2Fitem.asp%3Fid%3D9274159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212003/http://www.bioed.org/ECOS/inquiries/inquiries/PhenologyofFlowers.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212003/http://www.bioed.org/ECOS/inquiries/inquiries/PhenologyofFlowers.pdf</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioed.org/ECOS/inquiries/inquiries/PhenologyofFlowers.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioed.org%2FECOS%2Finquiries%2Finquiries%2FPhenologyofFlowers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Skinner (1984), Chinery (2007), and see references in Savela (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrowell_and_Guymon1973" class="citation journal cs1">Crowell and Guymon (1973). 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Cele mai multe fructe folosesc la ţuică și palincă</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurrows,_G.E.Tyrl,_R.J.2012" class="citation book cs1">Burrows, G.E.; Tyrl, R.J. (2012). "Rosaceae Juss.". <i>Toxic Plants of North America</i>. 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Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">571–</span>621. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-0763-9_15">10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441907639" title="Special:BookSources/9781441907639"><bdi>9781441907639</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Plum&rft.btitle=Plum+%28Handbook+of+Plant+Breeding%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E571-%3C%2Fspan%3E621&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4419-0763-9_15&rft.isbn=9781441907639&rft.au=Bruce+L.+Topp&rft.au=Dougal+M.+Russell&rft.au=Michael+Neum%C3%BCller&rft.au=Marco+A.+Dalb%C3%B3&rft.au=Weisheng+Liu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011161">"Prunus simonii in Flora of China @ efloras.org"</a>. efloras.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103212455/http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011161">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prunus+simonii+in+Flora+of+China+%40+efloras.org&rft.pub=efloras.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efloras.org%2Fflorataxon.aspx%3Fflora_id%3D2%26taxon_id%3D200011161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab777e/ab777e00.htm">"Under-Utilized Tropical Fruits of Thailand (see Part 1, section 3)"</a>. FAO, United Nations. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715213406/http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab777e/ab777e00.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Under-Utilized+Tropical+Fruits+of+Thailand+%28see+Part+1%2C+section+3%29&rft.pub=FAO%2C+United+Nations&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F004%2Fab777e%2Fab777e00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723230636/http://nassau.ifas.ufl.edu/horticulture/fruit/loquat.html">"Japanese Plum - Loquat"</a>. University of Florida, Nassau County Extension, Horticulture. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nassau.ifas.ufl.edu/horticulture/fruit/loquat.html">the original</a> on 23 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+Plum+-+Loquat&rft.pub=University+of+Florida%2C+Nassau+County+Extension%2C+Horticulture&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnassau.ifas.ufl.edu%2Fhorticulture%2Ffruit%2Floquat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._Morton1987" class="citation web cs1">J. Morton (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/loquat.html">"Loquat"</a>. University of Purdue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134930/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/loquat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Loquat&rft.pub=University+of+Purdue&rft.date=1987&rft.au=J.+Morton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hort.purdue.edu%2Fnewcrop%2Fmorton%2Floquat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html">"Jambolan"</a>. Purdue University. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120910032549/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-09-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jambolan&rft.pub=Purdue+University&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hort.purdue.edu%2Fnewcrop%2Fmorton%2Fjambolan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plum#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:plum">plum</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plums" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Plums">Plums</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Plum" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Plum">Plum</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li></ul> </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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