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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Uranus orbiter. For the Titan orbiter, see <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_(Titan_orbiter)" title="Oceanus (Titan orbiter)">Oceanus (Titan orbiter)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">OCEANUS (Origins and Composition of the Exoplanet Analog Uranus System)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uranus_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Uranus_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/330px-Uranus_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Uranus_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/500px-Uranus_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Uranus_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/520px-Uranus_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="830" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ice_giant" title="Ice giant">ice giant</a> planet, was photographed in real color by <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> in January 1986</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Reconnaissance</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>/JPL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">≥1.5 years<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">≈3,939 kg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Service_life#BOL_and_EOL" title="Service life">BOL mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">≈2,000 kg<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">≈1,110 kg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">290 W<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">2030 (suggested)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> 511 or <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital insertion</th><td class="infobox-data">2041</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits</th><td class="infobox-data">≥14 (proposed)<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>OCEANUS</b> (<b>Origins and Composition of the Exoplanet Analog Uranus System</b>) is a mission concept conceived in 2016 and presented in 2017 as a potential future contestant as a <a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers program</a> mission to the planet <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept was developed in a different form by the astronautical engineering students of <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> during the 2017 NASA/JPL Planetary Science Summer School.<sup id="cite_ref-Purdue_design_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purdue_design-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCEANUS is an orbiter, which would enable a detailed study of the structure of the planet's <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> and interior structure that would not be possible with a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_flyby" title="Planetary flyby">flyby</a> mission.<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_2017_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the required technology development and planetary orbital dynamics, the concept suggests a launch in August 2030 on an <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> 511 rocket and entering Uranus' orbit in 2041.<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCEANUS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_V(401)_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atlas_V%28401%29_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg/250px-Atlas_V%28401%29_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atlas_V%28401%29_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg/330px-Atlas_V%28401%29_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atlas_V%28401%29_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg/500px-Atlas_V%28401%29_launches_with_LRO_and_LCROSS_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="2651" /></a><figcaption>Atlas V, proposed for OCEANUS, shown here launching the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> into space</figcaption></figure> <p>Ice giant sized planets are the most common type of planet according to <i>Kepler</i> data. The little data available on <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ice_giant" title="Ice giant">ice giant</a> planet, come from ground-based observations and the single flyby of the <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> spacecraft, so its exact composition and structure are essentially unknown, as are its internal heat flux, and the causes of its unique magnetic fields and extreme <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">axial tilt</a> or obliquity,<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it a compelling target for exploration according to the <a href="/wiki/Planetary_Science_Decadal_Survey" title="Planetary Science Decadal Survey">Planetary Science Decadal Survey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_2017_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary science objectives of OCEANUS are to study Uranus' interior structure, magnetosphere, and the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Uranus" title="Atmosphere of Uranus">Uranian atmosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The required mission budget is estimated at $1.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission concept has not been formally proposed to NASA's <a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers program</a> for assessment and funding. The mission is named after <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a>, the Greek god of the ocean; he was son of the <a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Greek god Uranus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_and_propulsion">Power and propulsion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCEANUS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Power and propulsion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/60px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/120px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since Uranus is extremely distant from the Sun (20 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>), and relying on solar power is not possible past Jupiter, the orbiter is proposed to be powered by three <a href="/wiki/Multi-mission_radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator">multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generators</a> (MMRTG),<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_2017_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a type of <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">radioisotope thermoelectric generator</a>. As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OCEANUS&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there was enough plutonium available to NASA to fuel three more MMRTG like the one used by the <i>Curiosity</i> rover, one of which was already committed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance</a></i> rover.<sup id="cite_ref-Plutonium_stockpile_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plutonium_stockpile-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blastr_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blastr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other two have not been assigned to any specific mission or program,<sup id="cite_ref-blastr_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blastr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and could be available by late 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Plutonium_stockpile_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plutonium_stockpile-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second possible option for powering the spacecraft other than a plutonium powered RTG would be a small nuclear reactor powered by uranium, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kilopower" title="Kilopower">Kilopower</a> system in development as of 2019. </p><p>The trajectory to Uranus would require a Jupiter <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a>, but such alignments are calculated to be rare in the 2020s and 2030s, so the launch windows will be scant and narrow.<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_2017_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To overcome this problem two Venus <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assists</a> (in November 2032 and August 2034) and one Earth gravity assist (October 2034) are planned along with the use of <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">solar-electric propulsion</a> within 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical Unit">AU</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The science phase would take place from a highly elliptical orbit and perform a minimum of 14 orbits.<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If launching in 2030, reaching Uranus would occur 11 years later, in 2041,<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it would use two <a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">bipropellant engines</a> for orbital insertion.<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternatively, the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> rocket could be used for a shorter cruise time,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it would result in a faster approach velocity, making <a href="/wiki/Orbit_insertion" title="Orbit insertion">orbit insertion</a> more challenging, especially since the density of <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Uranus" title="Atmosphere of Uranus">Uranus' atmosphere</a> is unknown to plan for safe <a href="/wiki/Aerobraking" title="Aerobraking">aerobraking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blastr_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blastr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Payload">Payload</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCEANUS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Payload"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OCEANUS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/OCEANUS.jpg/250px-OCEANUS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/OCEANUS.jpg/330px-OCEANUS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/OCEANUS.jpg/500px-OCEANUS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Schematic of the OCEANUS probe</figcaption></figure> <p>The 12.5 kg scientific payload would include instruments for a detailed study of the magnetic fields and to determine Uranus' global <a href="/wiki/Physical_geodesy" title="Physical geodesy">gravity field</a>: <sup id="cite_ref-Elder_2017_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>UMAG</b> (Uranus Magnetometer) – is a <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_magnetometer" title="Spacecraft magnetometer">magnetometer</a> to study the <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> and constrain models for <a href="/wiki/Dynamo_theory" title="Dynamo theory">dynamo generation</a>.</li> <li><b>GAIA</b> (Gravity and Atmospheric Instrument Antenna) – it would utilize the on-board communications antenna, transmitting in both <a href="/wiki/X_band" title="X band">X band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">Ka band</a> frequencies for radio science that would allow mapping Uranus' global gravity field.</li> <li><b>UnoCam</b> (Uranus' Juno Cam) – is a visible light, color camera to detect navigation hazards in Uranus' ring system and to provide context and panoramic images.</li> <li><b>URSULA</b> (Understanding Real Structure of the Uranian Laboratory of Atmosphere) – an atmospheric probe that would be jettisoned into the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Uranus" title="Atmosphere of Uranus">atmosphere of Uranus</a> just before orbit insertion. It would descend under a parachute and measure the <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gas</a> abundances, <a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">isotopic ratios</a>, temperature, pressure, vertical wind profiles, cloud composition and density,<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_2017_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> via a <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass spectrometer">mass spectrometer</a>, atmospheric structure instrument, <a href="/wiki/Nephelometer" title="Nephelometer">nephelometer</a> and ultra-stable oscillator. The total mass of the probe's instruments is about 127 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCEANUS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Uranus" title="Exploration of Uranus">Exploration of Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere_of_Uranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetosphere of Uranus">Magnetosphere of Uranus</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Uranus mission proposals</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MUSE_(spacecraft)" title="MUSE (spacecraft)">MUSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe" title="Uranus Orbiter and Probe">Uranus Orbiter and Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Pathfinder" title="Uranus Pathfinder">Uranus Pathfinder</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCEANUS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibcode_2017LPI....48.1583B_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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M; Elder, C. M; Blum, L. W; Chilton, H. T; Chopra, A; Chu, C; Das, A; Delgado, A; Fulton, J; Jozwiak, L; Khayat, A; Landis, M. E; Molaro, J. L; Slipski, M; Valencia, S; Watkins, J; Young, C. L; Budney, C. J; Mitchell, K. L (2017). 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Uranus" title="Atmosphere of Uranus">Atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Uranus" title="Climate of Uranus">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Dark_Spot" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranus Dark Spot">Dark Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Rings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">Major moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Discovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kuiper" title="Gerard Kuiper">Gerard Kuiper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Elliot" title="James L. Elliot">James L. Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uranus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Uranus-crossing minor planets">Uranus-crossing minor planets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration" title="Co-orbital configuration">Co-orbitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranus trojan">Trojans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(687170)_2011_QF99" title="(687170) 2011 QF99"><span class="nowrap">2011 QF<sub>99</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(636872)_2014_YX49" title="(636872) 2014 YX49"><span class="nowrap">2014 YX<sub>49</sub></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83982_Crantor" title="83982 Crantor">83982 Crantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(472651)_2015_DB216" title="(472651) 2015 DB216">(472651) 2015 DB216</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Uranus" title="Exploration of Uranus">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> (1986 flyby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a></i> (2029, flyby 2045)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MUSE_(spacecraft)" title="MUSE (spacecraft)">MUSE</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">OCEANUS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe" title="Uranus Orbiter and Probe">Uranus Orbiter and Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Pathfinder" title="Uranus Pathfinder">Uranus Pathfinder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_in_fiction" title="Uranus in fiction">Fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Uranus" title="Category:Uranus">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA_Planetary_Missions_Program_Office395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Template:Planetary Missions Program Office"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Template talk:Planetary Missions Program Office"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Planetary Missions Program Office"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA_Planetary_Missions_Program_Office395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Planetary Missions Program Office</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Discovery_program395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Opportunity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express#Scientific_instruments" title="Mars Express">ASPERA-3</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)#New_Exploration_of_Tempel_1_(NExT)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">NExT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Mineralogy_Mapper" title="Moon Mineralogy Mapper">Moon Mineralogy Mapper</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo#Mercury_Planetary_Orbiter" title="BepiColombo">Strofio</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_Exploration#Scientific_payload" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian Moons Exploration">MEGANE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png/80px-NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png/120px-NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png/160px-NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Finalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mission 12 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hopper" title="Comet Hopper">Comet Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Mare_Explorer" title="Titan Mare Explorer">Titan Mare Explorer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selection_of_Discovery_Mission_13_and_14" title="Selection of Discovery Mission 13 and 14">Mission 13 and 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Object_Camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-Earth Object Camera">NEOCam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mission 15 and 16 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Io_Volcano_Observer" title="Io Volcano Observer">Io Volcano Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_(spacecraft)" title="Trident (spacecraft)">Trident</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">JET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">LIFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANTIS_(spacecraft)" title="MANTIS (spacecraft)">MANTIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">PADME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_Surveyor" title="Phobos Surveyor">Phobos Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple_(spacecraft)" title="Whipple (spacecraft)">Whipple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Frontiers_program395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Missions8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:176px">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/120px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/250px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="746" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Finalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mission 2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mission 3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Atmospheric_and_Geochemical_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer">SAGE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mission 4 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Nucleus_Dust_and_Organics_Return" title="Comet Nucleus Dust and Organics Return">CONDOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous,_Sample_Acquisition,_Investigation,_and_Return" title="Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return">CORSAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">ELF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Signatures_and_Habitability" title="Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability">ELSAH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus_(Titan_orbiter)" title="Oceanus (Titan orbiter)">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPRITE_(spacecraft)" title="SPRITE (spacecraft)">SPRITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_situ_Composition_Investigations" title="Venus In situ Composition Investigations">VICI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Atmospheric_and_Geochemical_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer">VISAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Origins_Explorer" title="Venus Origins Explorer">VOX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Solar_System_Exploration_program395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office#Solar_System_Exploration" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Solar System Exploration program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Missions8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:176px">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">JUICE instruments</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><u>Underline</u> indicates active current missions</li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicate missions yet to launch</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure 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