CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="31039219-1d97-4549-9551-dbd0a9b33f9e" tb-donotmove></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static.medicaldesignbriefs.com/templates/mdb_2018/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/templates/mdb_2018/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://static.medicaldesignbriefs.com/templates/mdb_2018/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://static.medicaldesignbriefs.com/templates/mdb_2018/images/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/templates/mdb_2018/images/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/templates/mdb_2018/images/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#dc643b"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit-pro.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://olytics.omeda.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://px.ads.linkedin.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://snap.licdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://agent.extrawatch.com"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/templates/mdb_2018/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" integrity="sha512-nff3aWZDIDxg0tWNzmHpVJBIYzeNKxD4MoBEEkbkMiS5E+xdfuInyttVoJSbSWn5clseSEQrzufa8Bl8rXvN9A==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="keywords" content="Test & Measurement"> <meta name="author" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta property="og:description" content="Explore medical device and software-testing tools, technologies, and standards. "> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta value="twitter:site" content="@TechBriefsMag"> <meta name="description" content="Explore medical device and software-testing tools, technologies, and standards. "> <title>Testing | Technical Briefs, Medical Design Engineering News - Medical Design Briefs</title> <link href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/mdb/topic/design-testing/testing" rel="canonical"> <style>/** * Critical CSS created by criticalcss.com * file: /css/critical/tags-topic.css' * createdAt : 2024-11-21T09:26:14.000Z * resultStatus : GOOD * originalSize : 294811 * size : 0 * validationStatus : GOOD */ @charset "UTF-8";@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wWw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh6UVSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}:root{--bs-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-purple:#6f42c1;--bs-pink:#d63384;--bs-red:#dc3545;--bs-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-green:#198754;--bs-teal:#20c997;--bs-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-black:#000;--bs-white:#fff;--bs-gray:#6c757d;--bs-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-gray-100:#f8f9fa;--bs-gray-200:#e9ecef;--bs-gray-300:#dee2e6;--bs-gray-400:#ced4da;--bs-gray-500:#adb5bd;--bs-gray-600:#6c757d;--bs-gray-700:#495057;--bs-gray-800:#343a40;--bs-gray-900:#212529;--bs-primary:#324a98;--bs-secondary:#6c757d;--bs-success:#198754;--bs-info:#0dcaf0;--bs-warning:#ffc107;--bs-danger:#e60000;--bs-light:#f8f9fa;--bs-dark:#212529;--bs-inverse:#fff;--bs-navbar:#dadcde;--bs-navitem:#fff;--bs-lightgray:#e9ecef;--bs-color-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-color-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-color-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-color-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-color-red:#dc3545;--bs-color-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-color-teal:#20c997;--bs-color-green:#198754;--bs-color-pink:#d63384;--bs-color-black:#000;--bs-color-white:#fff;--bs-color-gray:#6c757d;--bs-color-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-cache:#6610f2;--bs-notice:#0dcaf0;--bs-topic:#bd3911;--bs-advertising:#ffc107;--bs-primary-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-secondary-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-success-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-info-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-warning-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-danger-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-light-rgb:248,249,250;--bs-dark-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-inverse-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-navbar-rgb:218,220,222;--bs-navitem-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-lightgray-rgb:233,236,239;--bs-color-indigo-rgb:102,16,242;--bs-color-cyan-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-color-blue-rgb:13,110,253;--bs-color-orange-rgb:253,126,20;--bs-color-red-rgb:220,53,69;--bs-color-yellow-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-color-teal-rgb:32,201,151;--bs-color-green-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-color-pink-rgb:214,51,132;--bs-color-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-color-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-color-gray-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-color-gray-dark-rgb:52,58,64;--bs-cache-rgb:102,16,242;--bs-notice-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-topic-rgb:189,57,17;--bs-advertising-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-body-color-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-body-bg-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-font-sans-serif:"Lato",sans-serif;--bs-font-monospace:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--bs-gradient:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));--bs-body-font-family:Lucida Bright,Lucidabright,Lucida Serif,Lucida,Palatino,Times New Roman,Times,serif;--bs-body-font-size:1rem;--bs-body-font-weight:400;--bs-body-line-height:1.5;--bs-body-color:#212529;--bs-body-bg:#fff;--bs-border-width:1px;--bs-border-style:solid;--bs-border-color:#ced4da;--bs-border-color-translucent:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175);--bs-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-border-radius-sm:0.25rem;--bs-border-radius-lg:0.5rem;--bs-border-radius-xl:1rem;--bs-border-radius-2xl:2rem;--bs-border-radius-pill:50rem;--bs-link-color:#bd3911;--bs-link-hover-color:rgb(151.2, 45.6, 13.6);--bs-code-color:#d63384;--bs-highlight-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4)}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:border-box}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:root{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--bs-body-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-body-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-body-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-body-line-height);color:var(--bs-body-color);text-align:var(--bs-body-text-align);background-color:var(--bs-body-bg);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;padding-top:150px}hr{margin:1rem 0;color:inherit;border:0;border-top:1px solid #6c757d;opacity:.25}h1,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;color:#bd3911}h1{font-size:calc(1.325rem + .9vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h1{font-size:2rem}}h3{font-size:calc(1.3rem + .6vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h3{font-size:1.75rem}}h4{font-size:calc(1.275rem + .3vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h4{font-size:1.5rem}}h5{font-size:1.25rem}h6{font-size:1rem}p{margin-top:0}ol,ul{padding-left:2rem;margin-top:0}ol,p,ul{margin-bottom:1rem}a{color:var(--bs-link-color);text-decoration:none}img{vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;height:auto}label{display:inline-block}button{border-radius:0;text-transform:none;margin:0;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}input{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper,::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute,::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-text,::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding:0}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}iframe{border:0}.container,.container-fluid{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}@media (min-width:1400px){.container{max-width:1320px}}.features .story .item-wrapper,.row{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:calc(-1*var(--bs-gutter-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x));margin-left:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x))}.features .story .item-wrapper>*,.row>*{flex-shrink:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-top:var(--bs-gutter-y)}.col{flex:1 0 0%}.col-1{flex:0 0 auto;width:8.33333333%}.col-2,.col-3{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-3{width:25%}.col-5{flex:0 0 auto;width:41.66666667%}.col-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.col-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-12,.features .story .item-wrapper>div{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}.g-0{--bs-gutter-x:0;--bs-gutter-y:0}@media (min-width:576px){.col-sm-5,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image{flex:0 0 auto;width:41.66666667%}.col-sm-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-sm-7,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title{flex:0 0 auto;width:58.33333333%}.col-sm-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}}@media (min-width:768px){.col-md-5{flex:0 0 auto;width:41.66666667%}.col-md-6,.features .story{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-md-7{flex:0 0 auto;width:58.33333333%}#ntb-tags-level-topic .marquee>div:first-child{flex:0 0 auto;width:75%}.col-md-12,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-lg-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-lg-5{flex:0 0 auto;width:41.66666667%}.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:58.33333333%}.col-lg-8{width:66.66666667%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-xl-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-xl-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:.375rem;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.form-control::-webkit-date-and-time-value{height:1.5em}.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:#6c757d;opacity:1}.form-floating{position:relative}.form-floating>.form-control{height:calc(3.5rem + 2px);line-height:1.25;padding:1rem .75rem}.form-floating>label{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding:1rem .75rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:start;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid transparent;transform-origin:0 0}.form-floating>.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill{padding-top:1.625rem;padding-bottom:.625rem}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill~label{opacity:.65;transform:scale(.85) translateY(-.5rem) translateX(.15rem)}.input-group{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.input-group>.form-floating{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;min-width:0}.input-group .btn{position:relative;z-index:2}.input-group:not(.has-validation)>.form-floating:not(:last-child)>.form-control{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.input-group>:not(:first-child):not(.dropdown-menu):not(.valid-tooltip):not(.valid-feedback):not(.invalid-tooltip):not(.invalid-feedback){margin-left:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.btn{color:var(--bs-btn-color);background-color:var(--bs-btn-bg);--bs-btn-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-btn-padding-y:0.375rem;--bs-btn-font-size:1rem;--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-line-height:1.5;--bs-btn-color:#212529;--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-width:1px;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-btn-disabled-opacity:0.65;--bs-btn-focus-box-shadow:0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(var(--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb), .5);display:inline-block;padding:var(--bs-btn-padding-y) var(--bs-btn-padding-x);font-family:var(--bs-btn-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-btn-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-btn-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-btn-line-height);text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:var(--bs-btn-border-width) solid var(--bs-btn-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-btn-border-radius);background-image:var(--bs-gradient);box-shadow:var(--bs-btn-box-shadow)}.btn-primary{--bs-btn-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-border-color:#324a98;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(42.5, 62.9, 129.2);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:81,101,167;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(37.5, 55.5, 114);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#324a98}.btn-primary,.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-color:#fff;--bs-btn-hover-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#fff}.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-border-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(91.8, 99.45, 106.25);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:130,138,145;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(81, 87.75, 93.75);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#6c757d}.btn-link{--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-active-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-active-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-disabled-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:none;--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:199,87,53;text-decoration:none;background-image:none}.btn-sm{--bs-btn-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-btn-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-btn-font-size:0.875rem;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.25rem}.fade:not(.show){opacity:0}.collapse:not(.show){display:none}.nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:#6c757d;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav-link{display:block;padding:var(--bs-nav-link-padding-y) var(--bs-nav-link-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-nav-link-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-nav-link-font-weight);color:var(--bs-nav-link-color)}.nav-fill .nav-item{flex:1 1 auto;text-align:center}.nav-fill .nav-item .nav-link{width:100%}.navbar{--bs-navbar-padding-x:0;--bs-navbar-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);--bs-navbar-active-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end:1rem;--bs-navbar-brand-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba%280, 0, 0, 0.55%29' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-focus-width:0.25rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-navbar-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-padding-x);background-image:var(--bs-gradient);font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}.navbar>.container,.navbar>.container-fluid{display:flex;flex-wrap:inherit;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-brand{padding-top:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);padding-bottom:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);margin-right:var(--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-brand-font-size);color:var(--bs-navbar-brand-color);white-space:nowrap}.navbar-nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-navbar-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-navbar-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:var(--bs-navbar-disabled-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.navbar-collapse{flex-basis:100%;flex-grow:1;align-items:center}.navbar-toggler{padding:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size);line-height:1;color:var(--bs-navbar-color);background-color:transparent;border:var(--bs-border-width) solid var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius)}@media (min-width:576px){.navbar-expand-sm{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav{flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x);padding-left:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x)}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-collapse{display:flex!important;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-toggler{display:none}}body:before{display:none}.navbar-dark{--bs-navbar-color:#324a98;--bs-navbar-hover-color:#4d4d4f;--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);--bs-navbar-active-color:#324a98;--bs-navbar-brand-color:#324a98;--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:#324a98;--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:transparent;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:none}.breadcrumb{display:flex;list-style:none;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x:0;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom:0;--bs-breadcrumb-font-size:0.75rem;--bs-breadcrumb-bg:transparent;--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color:#6c757d;--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color:#6c757d;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y) var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom);font-size:var(--bs-breadcrumb-font-size);background-color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-bg);border-radius:var(--bs-breadcrumb-border-radius)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x);color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color);content:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider, "|")}.breadcrumb-item.active{color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color)}.alert{--bs-alert-bg:transparent;--bs-alert-padding-x:1rem;--bs-alert-padding-y:1rem;--bs-alert-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-alert-color:inherit;--bs-alert-border-color:transparent;--bs-alert-border:1px solid var(--bs-alert-border-color);--bs-alert-border-radius:0.375rem;position:relative;padding:var(--bs-alert-padding-y) var(--bs-alert-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-alert-margin-bottom);color:var(--bs-alert-color);background-color:var(--bs-alert-bg);border:var(--bs-alert-border);border-radius:var(--bs-alert-border-radius)}.alert-heading{color:inherit}.alert-link{font-weight:700}.alert-dismissible{padding-right:3rem}.alert-dismissible .btn-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:2;padding:1.25rem 1rem}.alert-primary,.alert-secondary{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-primary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-primary .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-secondary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-secondary .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-native,.alert-success,.alert-validation{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-native .alert-link,.alert-success .alert-link,.alert-validation .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-info,.alert-warning{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-info{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5)}.alert-info .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-warning{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-warning .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-danger,.alert-error{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-danger .alert-link,.alert-error .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-light{--bs-alert-color:rgb(99.2, 99.6, 100);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(253.6, 253.8, 254);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(252.9, 253.2, 253.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-light .alert-link{color:#4f5050}.alert-cleanup,.alert-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.8, 22.2, 24.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.6, 211.4, 212.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.4, 189.6, 190.8);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cleanup .alert-link,.alert-dark .alert-link{color:#101214}.alert-inverse{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-inverse .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-inverse,.alert-navbar,.alert-navitem{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-navbar{--bs-alert-color:rgb(87.2, 88, 88.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(247.6, 248, 248.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(243.9, 244.5, 245.1)}.alert-navbar .alert-link{color:#464647}.alert-navitem{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-navitem .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-lightgray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(93.2, 94.4, 95.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.6, 251.2, 251.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.4, 249.3, 250.2)}.alert-lightgray .alert-link{color:#4b4c4c}.alert-color-indigo,.alert-lightgray{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-advertising,.alert-color-indigo{--bs-alert-color:rgb(61.2, 9.6, 145.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(224.4, 207.2, 252.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(209.1, 183.3, 251.1)}.alert-color-indigo .alert-link{color:#310874}.alert-color-cyan{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-cyan .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-color-blue,.alert-criticalcss{--bs-alert-color:rgb(7.8, 66, 151.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 226, 254.6);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 211.5, 254.4);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-blue .alert-link,.alert-criticalcss .alert-link{color:#063579}.alert-color-orange{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cache,.alert-color-orange{--bs-alert-color:rgb(151.8, 75.6, 12);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(254.6, 229.2, 208);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(254.4, 216.3, 184.5)}.alert-color-orange .alert-link{color:#793c0a}.alert-color-red{--bs-alert-color:rgb(132, 31.8, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(248, 214.6, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(244.5, 194.4, 199.2);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-red .alert-link{color:#6a1921}.alert-cdnjs,.alert-color-yellow{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-cdnjs .alert-link,.alert-color-yellow .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-cdnjs,.alert-color-teal,.alert-color-yellow{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-teal,.alert-topic{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.2, 120.6, 90.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.4, 244.2, 234.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.1, 238.8, 223.8)}.alert-color-teal .alert-link{color:#0f6048}.alert-color-green{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-green .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-cloudinary,.alert-color-pink{--bs-alert-color:rgb(128.4, 30.6, 79.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(246.8, 214.2, 230.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(242.7, 193.8, 218.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cloudinary .alert-link,.alert-color-pink .alert-link{color:#67183f}.alert-color-black{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-black .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-color-white{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white;background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-white .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-color-gray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-color-gray-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(31.2, 34.8, 38.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214.4, 215.6, 216.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(194.1, 195.9, 197.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray-dark .alert-link{color:#191c1f}.alert-cache{--bs-alert-color:rgb(61.2, 9.6, 145.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(224.4, 207.2, 252.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(209.1, 183.3, 251.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cache .alert-link{color:#310874}.alert-notice{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5)}.alert-notice .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-advertising,.alert-notice,.alert-topic{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-topic{--bs-alert-color:rgb(113.4, 34.2, 10.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(241.8, 215.4, 207.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(235.2, 195.6, 183.6)}.alert-topic .alert-link{color:#5b1b08}.alert-advertising{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-advertising .alert-link{color:#523e02}.btn-close{box-sizing:content-box;width:1em;height:1em;padding:.25em;color:#000;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='%23000'%3e%3cpath d='M.293.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586 14.293.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 .293 1.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e") center/1em auto no-repeat;border:0;border-radius:.375rem;opacity:.5}.modal{--bs-modal-zindex:1055;--bs-modal-width:500px;--bs-modal-padding:1rem;--bs-modal-margin:0.5rem;--bs-modal-bg:#fff;--bs-modal-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-modal-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-border-radius:0.5rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-modal-inner-border-radius:calc(0.5rem - 1px);--bs-modal-header-padding-x:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding-y:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding:1rem 1rem;--bs-modal-header-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-header-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-title-line-height:1.5;--bs-modal-footer-gap:0.5rem;--bs-modal-footer-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-footer-border-width:1px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:var(--bs-modal-zindex);display:none;width:100%;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:var(--bs-modal-margin)}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transform:translate(0,-50px)}.modal-content{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;color:var(--bs-modal-color);background-color:var(--bs-modal-bg);background-clip:padding-box;border:var(--bs-modal-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-modal-border-radius);box-shadow:var(--bs-modal-box-shadow);outline:0}.modal-header{display:flex;flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-modal-header-padding);border-bottom:var(--bs-modal-header-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-header-border-color);border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius)}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:var(--bs-modal-title-line-height)}.modal-body{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-modal-padding)}@media (min-width:576px){.modal{--bs-modal-margin:1.75rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)}.modal-dialog{max-width:var(--bs-modal-width);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.modal-sm{--bs-modal-width:300px}}.offcanvas{--bs-offcanvas-zindex:1045;--bs-offcanvas-width:400px;--bs-offcanvas-height:30vh;--bs-offcanvas-padding-x:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-padding-y:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-bg:#fff;--bs-offcanvas-border-width:1px;--bs-offcanvas-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:var(--bs-offcanvas-zindex);display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-width:100%;color:var(--bs-offcanvas-color);visibility:hidden;background-color:var(--bs-offcanvas-bg);background-clip:padding-box;outline:0;box-shadow:var(--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow)}.offcanvas.offcanvas-start{top:0;left:0;width:var(--bs-offcanvas-width);border-right:var(--bs-offcanvas-border-width) solid var(--bs-offcanvas-border-color);transform:translateX(-100%)}.offcanvas-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)}.offcanvas-header .btn-close{padding:calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y)*.5) calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)*.5);margin-top:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x));margin-bottom:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y))}.offcanvas-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.offcanvas-body{flex-grow:1;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x);overflow-y:auto}.fixed-top{position:fixed;right:0;left:0;z-index:1030;top:0}.float-start{float:left!important}.float-end{float:right!important}.d-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-block{display:block!important}.d-flex{display:flex!important}.d-none{display:none!important}.position-relative{position:relative!important}.border{border:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-secondary{--bs-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important;border-color:rgba(var(--bs-secondary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important}.w-33{width:33.3333%!important}.w-50{width:50%!important}.w-75{width:75%!important}.w-100{width:100%!important}.mw-100{max-width:100%!important}.flex-nowrap{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.align-content-center{align-content:center!important}.mx-0{margin-right:0!important;margin-left:0!important}.mx-auto{margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}.my-0{margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important}.my-1,.navbar-side-item p{margin-top:.25rem!important;margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.my-2{margin-top:.5rem!important;margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.my-3{margin-top:1rem!important;margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mt-0{margin-top:0!important}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem!important}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title h6,.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.mt-4{margin-top:1.5rem!important}.mt-5{margin-top:3rem!important}.me-1{margin-right:.25rem!important}.me-2{margin-right:.5rem!important}.me-3{margin-right:1rem!important}.me-4{margin-right:1.5rem!important}.me-auto{margin-right:auto!important}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.mb-1{margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.features .story,.mb-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.mb-3{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mb-4{margin-bottom:1.5rem!important}.mb-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.ms-0{margin-left:0!important}.ms-1{margin-left:.25rem!important}.ms-2{margin-left:.5rem!important}.ms-3{margin-left:1rem!important}.ms-auto{margin-left:auto!important}.p-0{padding:0!important}.px-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.px-4{padding-right:1.5rem!important;padding-left:1.5rem!important}.py-0{padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important}.pt-0{padding-top:0!important}.pt-1{padding-top:.25rem!important}.pt-5{padding-top:3rem!important}.pe-0{padding-right:0!important}.pe-5{padding-right:3rem!important}.pb-1{padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.pb-2{padding-bottom:.5rem!important}.navbar-side-item p,.ps-0{padding-left:0!important}.ps-3{padding-left:1rem!important}.ps-5{padding-left:3rem!important}.features .story,.text-start{text-align:left!important}.text-center{text-align:center!important}.text-uppercase{text-transform:uppercase!important}.text-primary{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-reset{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:inherit!important}.bg-inverse,.bg-navbar{--bs-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgba(var(--bs-inverse-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}.bg-navbar{background-color:rgba(var(--bs-navbar-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}@media (min-width:576px){.d-sm-block{display:block!important}.d-sm-none{display:none!important}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title h6,.mt-sm-0{margin-top:0!important}.mt-sm-4{margin-top:1.5rem!important}.features .story,.mb-sm-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.px-sm-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.ps-sm-0{padding-left:0!important}.ps-sm-2{padding-left:.5rem!important}.form-inline .form-control{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width:768px){.d-md-block{display:block!important}.d-md-flex{display:flex!important}.d-md-none{display:none!important}.mt-md-0{margin-top:0!important}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title h6,.mt-md-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.features .story,.mb-md-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}}@media (min-width:992px){.d-lg-block{display:block!important}.d-lg-flex{display:flex!important}.d-lg-none{display:none!important}.pe-lg-2{padding-right:.5rem!important}}@media (min-width:1200px){.d-xl-block{display:block!important}}h5 a,h6 a{color:#bd3911}form{font-family:Lato,sans-serif}[role=button]{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button{font-family:Lato,sans-serif!important}.nav-link{font-size:16px;text-transform:uppercase}.nav-bottom .nav-link{font-size:11px;height:100%;letter-spacing:.1em}.nav-bottom li{border-left:1px solid #fff}.nav-bottom li:last-child{border-right:1px solid #fff}@media (max-width:767.98px){.navbar{border-bottom:10px solid #dadcde}body{padding-top:85px}}.navbar-brand img{max-width:none;max-height:65px}.navbar-side{padding:0;list-style:none}.navbar-side a{color:#212529}.navbar-side h6{color:#bd3911;text-transform:uppercase}.navbar-side h6 a{color:#bd3911}.navbar-side hr{border-color:#495057;margin-left:1rem}.navbar-side-item{padding-left:1rem}.menu-side-sections>div li:first-of-type,.navbar-side-item p:first-of-type{margin-top:1.25rem}.navbar-side-item a{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}.navbar-toggler{padding:.75rem!important}.navbar-toggler-left{position:absolute}.breadcrumb{text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Lato,sans-serif}.alert{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:smaller}.alert-heading{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:lighter}@media (min-width:576px){.container{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}.blur-up{filter:blur(3px)}.min-h-2{min-height:2rem}.min-h-3{min-height:3rem}html{scroll-padding-top:100px}.panel-heading h6:after{font-family:"Arial Black",Arial,sans-serif;content:"–";float:right;color:#4d4d4f;padding:0 5px;font-size:1.2rem}.panel-heading .collapsed h6:after{content:"+"}.tb-mediagroup{background-color:#fff;padding:5px 0;color:#000}.tb-mediagroup a{color:#000}.story-list a,.tb-mediagroup .panel-heading h6:after,footer nav a{color:#212529}@media (max-width:575.98px){.navbar-brand img{max-width:90%}body:before{content:"xs"}}@media (min-width:576px) and (max-width:767.98px){body:before{content:"sm"}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991.98px){body:before{content:"md"}}@media (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199.98px){body:before{content:"lg"}}@media (min-width:1200px) and (max-width:1399.98px){#menu-top-hubs ul{width:1140px}body:before{content:"xl"}}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1200px}@media (min-width:1400px){#menu-top-hubs ul{width:1320px}body:before{content:"xxl"}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1400px;margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}}.hidden,.printmessage{display:none}#secondary-stories img{max-width:100%}.hub-overline,.section-overline{color:#bd3911}.hub-overline,.overline,.section-overline{text-transform:uppercase;width:100%}.overline{color:#324a98;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-size:.75rem}.section-overline{border-top:4px solid #bd3911;padding-top:.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem;text-align:left}@media (max-width:575.98px){.hub-overline{font-size:1.75rem}}.feature-grid img,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image img,.features .story .item-wrapper>div img{width:100%}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image{align-items:center}#ntb-tags-level-topic .grid-features{margin-bottom:1rem}.object-fit-contain{-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}#ntb-tags-index .item-wrapper{border-top:1px solid #495057;padding:1rem 1rem .75rem}#ntb-tags-index .item-wrapper:first-child{border:0;padding-top:0}.story-list h4{border-top:4px solid #bd3911;padding-top:.5rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;color:#bd3911}.story-list h6{font-size:.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:0}.story-list p{font-size:.875rem;border-bottom:1px solid #495057;padding-bottom:.5rem;line-height:1.2}.story-list p:last-of-type{border:0}.story-list img{width:80px;height:45px}.story-min-height{min-height:2.6rem}@media (max-width:991.98px){.story-min-height{min-height:1px}}.bxslider{margin:0;padding:0;min-height:250px}ul.bxslider{list-style:none}ul.bxslider li{width:175px}.followus-link{color:#495057;text-decoration:none;font-size:1.5rem}.followus-link:after{display:inline-block;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem;content:"|"}.followus-link:last-child:after{content:""}</style> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https:\/\/www.medicaldesignbriefs.com\/","base":"","baseFull":"https:\/\/www.medicaldesignbriefs.com\/"},"csrf.token":"d1c80af7718501bcf1feac61a5baa1e6","system.keepalive":{"interval":3600000,"uri":"\/component\/ajax\/?format=json"}}</script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2019 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ window.customElements.define('joomla-hidden-mail', class extends HTMLElement { constructor() { super(); this.newElement = ''; this.base = ''; } /** * Lifecycle */ disconnectedCallback() { this.innerHTML = ''; } /** * Lifecycle */ connectedCallback() { this.base = `${this.getAttribute('base')}/`; if (this.getAttribute('is-link') === '1') { this.newElement = document.createElement('a'); this.newElement.setAttribute('href', `mailto:${this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('first'))}@${this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('last'))}`); // Get all of the original element attributes, and pass them to the link [].slice.call(this.attributes).forEach((attribute, index) => { const { nodeName } = this.attributes.item(index); if (nodeName) { // We do care for some attributes if (['is-link', 'is-email', 'first', 'last', 'text'].indexOf(nodeName) === -1) { const { nodeValue } = this.attributes.item(index); this.newElement.setAttribute(nodeName, nodeValue); } } }); } else { this.newElement = document.createElement('span'); } if (this.getAttribute('text')) { let innerStr = this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('text')); innerStr = innerStr.replace('src="images/', `src="${this.base}images/`).replace('src="media/', `src="${this.base}media/`); this.newElement.innerHTML = Joomla.sanitizeHtml(innerStr); } else { this.newElement.innerText = `${window.atob(this.getAttribute('first'))}@${window.atob(this.getAttribute('last'))}`; } // Remove class and style Attributes this.removeAttribute('class'); this.removeAttribute('style'); // Remove the noscript message this.innerText = ''; // Display the new element this.appendChild(this.newElement); } static b64DecodeUnicode(str) { return decodeURIComponent(Array.prototype.map.call(atob(str), c => `%${`00${c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)}`.slice(-2)}`).join('')); } }); /* end /media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail.min.js */ </script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ /** * Keepalive javascript behavior * * Used for keeping the session alive * * @package Joomla.JavaScript * @since 3.7.0 */ if (!window.Joomla) { throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised'); } const keepAliveOptions = Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive'); const keepAliveInterval = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.interval ? parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval, 10) : 45 * 1000; let keepAliveUri = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.uri ? keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g, '&') : ''; // Fallback in case no keepalive uri was found. if (keepAliveUri === '') { const systemPaths = Joomla.getOptions('system.paths'); keepAliveUri = `${systemPaths ? `${systemPaths.root}/index.php` : window.location.pathname}?option=com_ajax&format=json`; } setInterval(() => fetch(keepAliveUri, { method: 'POST' }), keepAliveInterval); /* end /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js */ </script> <script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async tb-donotmove></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDB :: All Articles [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=0&topic_tag=0&nav_cluster=65&nav_tag=0&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDB [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=46&topic_tag=&nav_cluster=65&nav_tag=&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="next" href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/testing?start=0"> <noscript tb-donotmove> <img class="nolazyload" height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=228022071752970&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>  <script tb-donotmove>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MSN5FV9'); </script>  </head> <body>  <noscript tb-donotmove > <iframe src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MSN5FV9" height = "0" width = "0" style = "display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe > </noscript >  <header class="header"> <div class="header-container container-fluid fixed-top p-0"> <nav class="header-nav navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark bg-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <button class="hamburger navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-left d-sm-none d-block" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#HamburgerSidebar" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> </button> <div id="hamburger-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse d-md-block d-none"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto"> <li class="nav-item active"> <a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars me-2"></i>Menu </a></li></ul></div> <a href="/" class="navbar-brand ps-sm-0 ps-5 mx-auto"> <img class="logolarge d-none d-md-block nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/mdb/template/site-logo_tag.png" alt="Medical Design Briefs" height="65"/> <img class="logosmall d-md-none nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/mdb/template/site-logo.png" alt="Medical Design Briefs"/> </a> <div id="newsmag-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse"><ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto"> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link" href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#cb-form">LOGIN</a></li> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link" href="/account/registration">SIGN UP</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" id="search-side-button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </a></li></ul></div></div> </nav> <nav class="main-nav bg-navbar navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark main-nav nav-fill py-0"> <div class="main-nav-container container mx-auto px-0"><div id="menu-top-hubs"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav nav-bottom flex-nowrap d-md-flex d-none mx-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/mdb/topic/materials-manufacturing">Materials & Manufacturing</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/mdb/topic/design-testing">Design & Testing</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/mdb/topic/sensors-wearables">Sensors & Wearables</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/mdb/topic/electronics-software">Electronics & Software</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/mdb/topic/robotics-automation">Robotics & Automation</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/mdb/topic/iomt-connectivity">IoMT & Connectivity</a></li></ul></div></div> <div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" style="position: relative"> <div id="toast_container" style="position: absolute; top: 40px; right: 5px; z-index: 10"></div></div> </nav></div><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="HamburgerSidebar" aria-labelledby="HamburgerSidebarLabel"> <div class="offcanvas-header"> <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="HamburgerSidebarLabel"></h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div> <div class="offcanvas-body px-0 pt-0"> <div class="search-container w-100 ps-3"><form id="searchform" action="/mdb/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group pe-5"> <div class="form-floating"> <input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search" id="searchbox" class="form-control" value=""> <label for="searchbox">Search</label></div> <button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="$('#searchform').submit()"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form></div> <ul class="navbar-side nav-bar"><div class="menu-side-sections row me-1"> <div class="navbar-side-item col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/techbriefs">Tech Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/tv/medical">Tech Briefs TV</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/webcasts">Webinars</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/webcasts/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/markets">Markets</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/features">Features</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/stories/blog">Medical Blog</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/stories">Stories</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/stories/trivia">Trivia Questions</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/events">Events</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/sponsored/ask-the-expert">Ask the Expert</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/mdb/stories/quiz">Quizzes</a></li></div></div><div id="sidebar-accordion" class="navbar-side-item" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"><div id="menu-side-hubs"> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/mdb/topic/materials-manufacturing">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-1446" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-1446" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-1446"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-1446" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-1446"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping">Manufacturing & Prototyping</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/materials-manufacturing/custom-contract-manufacturing">Custom & Contract Manufacturing</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/materials-manufacturing/materials-adhesives-coatings">Materials, Adhesives & Coatings</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/materials-manufacturing/tubing-extrusion">Tubing/Extrusion</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing">Design & Testing</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-1447" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-1447" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-1447"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-1447" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-1447"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/testing">Testing</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/design-engineering">Design/Engineering</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/packaging-sterilization">Packaging/Sterilization</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/fda-regulatory">FDA/Regulatory</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/markets">Markets</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/mdb/topic/sensors-wearables">Sensors & Wearables</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-1448" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-1448" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-1448"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-1448" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-1448"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/sensors-wearables/sensors">Sensors</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/sensors-wearables/wearables">Wearables</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/mdb/topic/electronics-software">Electronics & Software</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-1533" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-1533" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-1533"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-1533" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-1533"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/electronics-software/electronics">Electronics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/electronics-software/software">Software</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/electronics-software/optics-photonics">Optics/Photonics</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/mdb/topic/robotics-automation">Robotics & Automation</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-1449" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-1449" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-1449"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-1449" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-1449"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/robotics-automation/robotics">Robotics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/robotics-automation/automation-controls">Automation & Controls</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/robotics-automation/mechanical-components">Mechanical Components</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/mdb/topic/iomt-connectivity">IoMT & Connectivity</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-1451" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-1451" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-1451"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-1451" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-1451"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/iomt-connectivity/iomt-iot">IoMT/IoT</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/iomt-connectivity/connectivity">Connectivity</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/mdb/topic/iomt-connectivity/ar-ai">AR/AI</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="menu-side-explore row mt-2 me-1 tb-mediagroup"> <div class="explore-title col-10 navbar-side-item"> <h6 class="my-2">Explore SAE Media Group</h6></div> <div id="explore-heading" class="col-2 navbar-side-item panel-heading" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed mt-1" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#explore-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="explore-collapse"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="explore-collapse" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="explore-heading"> <div class="explore-wrapper col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/">Tech Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://createthefuturecontest.com">Create the Future Design Contest</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/tb/spinoff">NASA Spinoffs</a></li></div></div></div><div class="col-12 px-0"> <li class="me-3"> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52067-doc-9517" class="side-link w-75"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1730735058/sites/mdb/covers/MDB-2024-11.jpg' class='w-50 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a></p> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52067-doc-9517" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p></li> <li> <p><a href="/mdb/magazine/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Magazine Archives</a></p></li> <li> <p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=MDBland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></p></li></div><div class="menu-side-followus mb-5"> <hr class="ms-0 me-4 my-1"> <div class="followus-wrapper my-3"> <div class="title-wrapper"> <h6 class="mb-0">FOLLOW US</h6></div> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <p class="text-primary"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=facebook&username=MedicalDesignBriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=twitter&username=MedicalBriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=instagram&username=mdbmagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div></div></div></ul></div></div></header> <section id="print-only-message" class="printmessage"> <h6><img data-src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/mdb/template/print-logo_tag.png" class="printlogo lazyload"/></h6> </section> <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="SAE Media Group"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com"/> <span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/templates/tbmg/images/tbmg_logo.png"/> <meta itemprop="width" content="210"/> <meta itemprop="height" content="50"/> </span> </span><div class="container"><nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/mdb/topic/design-testing"><span itemprop="name">Design & Testing</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span> Testing</span></li></ol> </nav><div id="system-message-container"></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_1800x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_1800x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1800,450]],div_id:'GAM_pos_11_modid_389',target_pos:'11',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_11_modid_389' class=""></div></div></div><div id="ntb-tags-level-topic"><div class="marquee row px-0"> <div class="col"> <h6 class="hub-overline"> Design & Testing</h6> <h1 class="hub-overline d-inline-block mb-0"> Testing</h1></div> <div class="w-100 mt-2"></div> <div class="topics-label col-xl-1 col-sm-2 col-12"> <p class="text-uppercase text-primary"> Topics:</p></div> <div class="topics-list col"> <ul class="breadcrumb pt-0 mb-0"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/testing/test-inspection-equipment">Test & Inspection Equipment</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/testing/testing-procedures">Testing Procedures</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/testing/metrology">Metrology</a></li></ul></div> <div class="w-100"></div> <div class="col"> <p class="sans-serif mt-0 mb-3"> Explore articles that will help you test your medical devices and software. Validation techniques include environmental monitoring, biocompatibility testing, packaging validation, and sterilization services.</p></div> <div class="sponsor-box col-3 pt-1"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_200x75',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_200x75',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[200,75]],div_id:'GAM_pos_10_modid_427',target_pos:'10',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_10_modid_427' class=""></div></div></div></div></div><section id="secondary-stories" class="mw-100"> <div class="grid-features row"> <div class="left-column col-lg-8 col-md-7"> <div class="feature-grid"><div class="features row"><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51554-inside-story-0924?m=1493"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1725935912/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51554/mdb-0924-insidestory-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Inside Story: Medical</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51554-inside-story-0924?m=1493">Inside Story: Trends in Packaging and Sterilization</a></h5></div></div></div><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51495-new-products-and-services-mdb-0924?m=1493"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1725721477/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51495/mdb-0924-p46_fig7r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51495-new-products-and-services-mdb-0924?m=1493">New Products and Services</a></h5></div></div></div><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51488-addressing-challenges-in-primary-packaging-testing-for-medical-devices?m=1493"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1725765116/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51488/mdb-0924-p39_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Test & Measurement</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51488-addressing-challenges-in-primary-packaging-testing-for-medical-devices?m=1493">Addressing Challenges in Primary Packaging Testing for Medical Devices</a></h5></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="right-column col-lg-4 col-md-5 d-md-block d-none"><div class="story-list row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Top Stories</h4><div class="top-stories-box story-list"> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/51871-making-bandages-from-artificial-spider-silk"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730200825/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51871/20241023_medical_design_story1_feature_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51871-making-bandages-from-artificial-spider-silk" alt="Making Bandages from Artificial Spider Silk"> Making Bandages from Artificial Spider Silk</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/52020-implantable-device-prevents-death-from-opioid-overdose"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730928396/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52020/20241107_medical_design_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52020-implantable-device-prevents-death-from-opioid-overdose" alt="Implantable Device Prevents Death from Opioid Overdose"> Implantable Device Prevents Death from Opioid Overdose</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/51952-an-inside-look-at-designing-drug-delivery-pumps"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730568792/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51952/103024_mdb_podcast_adobe_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51952-an-inside-look-at-designing-drug-delivery-pumps" alt="An Inside Look at Designing Drug-Delivery Pumps"> An Inside Look at Designing Drug-Delivery Pumps</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/51702-noninvasive-method-first-to-continually-measure-true-blood-pressure"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728094566/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51702/mdb-1024-p48_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Wearables</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51702-noninvasive-method-first-to-continually-measure-true-blood-pressure" alt="Noninvasive Method First to Continually Measure True Blood Pressure"> Noninvasive Method First to Continually Measure True Blood Pressure</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/51853-emerging-trends-in-drug-delivery"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729273236/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51853/102224-mdb-podcast_trends_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Design</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51853-emerging-trends-in-drug-delivery" alt="Emerging Trends in Drug Delivery"> Emerging Trends in Drug Delivery</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/51852-pens-and-autoinjectors-as-drug-delivery-options"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729272913/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51852/101824-mdb-podcast_pen_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51852-pens-and-autoinjectors-as-drug-delivery-options" alt="Pens and Autoinjectors as Drug-Delivery Options"> Pens and Autoinjectors as Drug-Delivery Options</a></p></div></div></div></div></div> </section> <section id="sponsored-content"> <div class="mid-sponsor" id="mid-sponsor"><div class="ntb-bxslider row mb-0"> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">White Papers</h4></div> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-prev"></span></h3></div> <div id="bxs-default" class="bxs-default hidden align-content-center col-sm-10 px-sm-0 col-12 px-4 my-0"> <ul class="bxslider"> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49912-doc-9225" alt="Understanding Standard Conditions In Flow Measurement"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1705733733/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/OKeefe_Understanding-Standard-Conditions-In-Flow-Measurement.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49912-doc-9225" alt="Understanding Standard Conditions In Flow Measurement">Understanding Standard Conditions In Flow...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52072-doc-9518" alt="The Role of Single Board Computers in Advancing Medical Technology"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1732038854/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Kontron_The-Role-of-Single-Board-Computers.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Electronics & Computers</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52072-doc-9518" alt="The Role of Single Board Computers in Advancing Medical Technology">The Role of Single Board Computers in Advancing...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/45689-doc-8680" alt="Demystifying Ball Spline Specs"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1650913615/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/NB-Corporation_Demystifying-Ball-Spline-Specs.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Motion Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/45689-doc-8680" alt="Demystifying Ball Spline Specs">Demystifying Ball Spline Specs</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51154-doc-9399" alt="Get the Inside Story on Implantable Medical Devices"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1722092733/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Eurofins_Inside-Story-on-Implantable-Medical-Devices.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51154-doc-9399" alt="Get the Inside Story on Implantable Medical Devices">Get the Inside Story on Implantable Medical...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/47347-doc-8891" alt="Producing a Superior Roller Guide"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1672318841/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/NB-Corporation_Producing-a-Superior-Roller-Guide.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Robotics, Automation & Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/47347-doc-8891" alt="Producing a Superior Roller Guide">Producing a Superior Roller Guide</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/39161-doc-8168" alt="OEM Peristaltic Pump Solutions for Engineers"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1647156785/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Watson-Marlow_OEM-Peristaltic-Pump-Solutions-for-Engineers.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/39161-doc-8168" alt="OEM Peristaltic Pump Solutions for Engineers">OEM Peristaltic Pump Solutions for Engineers</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50088-doc-9249" alt="Reusable Advices For Reusable Medical Devices eBook"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1707840351/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Nelson-Labs_Reusable-Advices-for-Reusable-Medical-Devices.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50088-doc-9249" alt="Reusable Advices For Reusable Medical Devices eBook">Reusable Advices For Reusable Medical Devices...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/48005-doc-8969" alt="Drive Systems for Medical and Laboratory Equipment"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1725731176/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Faulhaber_Drive-Systems-for-Medical-and-Laboratory-Equipment-2024.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/48005-doc-8969" alt="Drive Systems for Medical and Laboratory Equipment">Drive Systems for Medical and Laboratory Equipment</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50185-doc-9246" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 4: Matching Technical Expertise in Equipment and Software Applications"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1708992709/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Flexan_Manufacturing-Transfers-for-Medtech-Innovators-Part4.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50185-doc-9246" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 4: Matching Technical Expertise in Equipment and Software Applications">Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51146-doc-9397" alt="eBook: Top Adhesives for Medical Device Applications"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1721747661/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Master-Bond_Top-Adhesives-for-Medical-Device-Applications.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51146-doc-9397" alt="eBook: Top Adhesives for Medical Device Applications">eBook: Top Adhesives for Medical Device...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49173-doc-9143" alt="Motor Calculations for Coreless Brush DC Motors"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1695898617/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Faulhaber_Motor-Calculations-for-Coreless-Brush-DC-Motors.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Motion Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49173-doc-9143" alt="Motor Calculations for Coreless Brush DC Motors">Motor Calculations for Coreless Brush DC Motors</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50184-doc-9254" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 3: Making a Move"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1708992030/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Flexan_Manufacturing-Transfers-for-Medtech-Innovators-Part3.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50184-doc-9254" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 3: Making a Move">Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50961-doc-9371" alt="5 Key Considerations to Achieve a Superior Medical Connector Design"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1718448929/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Ametek-EMC_5 Key-Considerations-to-Achieve-a-Superior-Medical-Connector-Design.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50961-doc-9371" alt="5 Key Considerations to Achieve a Superior Medical Connector Design">5 Key Considerations to Achieve a Superior...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51624-doc-9477" alt="Design Considerations for EMI Shielding in Medical Applications"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1726937607/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Avnet-TE_EMI-Shielding-Design-Considerations.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51624-doc-9477" alt="Design Considerations for EMI Shielding in Medical Applications">Design Considerations for EMI Shielding in...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51901-doc-9503" alt="10 Things You Should Do Before You Validate Your Next Package"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1730259620/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/DDL_10-Things-You-Should-Do-Before-You-Validate-Your-Next-Package.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51901-doc-9503" alt="10 Things You Should Do Before You Validate Your Next Package">10 Things You Should Do Before You Validate Your...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50938-doc-9366" alt="A Faster Route to Custom-Design Molecular Diagnostic Instruments"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1717953567/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Tecan_A-Faster-Route-to-Custom-Design-Molecular-Diagnostic-Instruments.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Robotics, Automation & Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50938-doc-9366" alt="A Faster Route to Custom-Design Molecular Diagnostic Instruments">A Faster Route to Custom-Design Molecular...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51972-doc-9505" alt="How to Improve Machine Performance with Multi-Axis Motion System Error Budgeting"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1730466400/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Aerotech_How-to-Improve-Machine-Performance-with-Multi-Axis-Motion-System-Error-Budgeting.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51972-doc-9505" alt="How to Improve Machine Performance with Multi-Axis Motion System Error Budgeting">How to Improve Machine Performance with...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52007-doc-9509" alt="Mitigating Risks in Medical Device Manufacturing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1730881931/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Aerotech_Mitigating-Risks-in-Medical-Device-Manufacturing.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52007-doc-9509" alt="Mitigating Risks in Medical Device Manufacturing">Mitigating Risks in Medical Device Manufacturing</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51075-doc-9389" alt="Beyond Science Fiction: Realizing the Potential of Robotic-Assisted Surgery"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1720286445/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Kontron_Beyond-Science-Fiction.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51075-doc-9389" alt="Beyond Science Fiction: Realizing the Potential of Robotic-Assisted Surgery">Beyond Science Fiction: Realizing the Potential...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50769-doc-9353" alt="Holistic Approach Shortens Cycle Times for Orthopedic Implants"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1716829145/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/GF-Machining_Manufacturing-of-Femoral-Knee-Implants.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50769-doc-9353" alt="Holistic Approach Shortens Cycle Times for Orthopedic Implants">Holistic Approach Shortens Cycle Times for...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49563-doc-9183" alt="How to Select the Proper Pin for Your Application"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1701453155/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Spirol_How-to-Select-the-Proper-Pin-for-Your-Application.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49563-doc-9183" alt="How to Select the Proper Pin for Your Application">How to Select the Proper Pin for Your Application</a></h6></li></ul></div> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-next"></span></h3></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_12_modid_419',target_pos:'12',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_12_modid_419' class=""></div></div></div></div> </section> <section id="secondary-stories" class="mw-100"> <div class="lower-stories row mt-sm-4 mt-0"> <div class="left-column col-lg-8 col-md-7 col-12"> <div class="section-header"> <div> <h4 class="section-overline mb-4">Latest Briefs & News</h4></div></div><div class="item-list"><div id="ntb-tags-index"> <div id="topic-cluster-id" class="d-none">46</div> <div id="topic-tag-id" class="d-none"></div> <div id="nav-cluster-id" class="d-none">65</div> <div id="nav-tag-id" class="d-none"></div> <div id="show-future" class="d-none">0</div> <div id="page-start" class="d-none">0</div> <div id="page-limit" class="d-none">30</div> <div ><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51901-doc-9503?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1730259620/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/DDL_10-Things-You-Should-Do-Before-You-Validate-Your-Next-Package.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51901-doc-9503?m=1493">10 Things You Should Do Before You Validate Your Next Package</a></h5> Before you set out to validate a medical device package design or process, you have to do your homework. You need to understand what is critical so you build the proper foundation....<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/51901-doc-9503?m=1493" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div id="f2_51239" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51239-combination-products-cross-roads-of-device-and-pharmacological-agent-delivery?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1724418459/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51239/adobestock_257690032_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51239-combination-products-cross-roads-of-device-and-pharmacological-agent-delivery?m=1493">Combination Products: Cross-roads of Device and Pharmacological Agent Delivery</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51239" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The combination of drugs, devices, and/or biological products creates a unique intersection of disciplines within the medical device and pharmaceutical industries....</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> NASA Spinoff: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51457-seeing-is-communicating?m=1493">Seeing Is Communicating</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51457" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The Eyegaze Edge system developed in collaboration with NASA is an eye-tracking technology that makes 'talking' possible for people who can’t.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_51457" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51457-seeing-is-communicating?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1726635366/sites/tb/articles/2024/features/TB-1024-spinoff-fig1.png' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> NASA Spinoff: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51235-space-station-germ-testing-improves-wastewater-monitoring?m=1493">Space Station Germ Testing Improves Wastewater Monitoring</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51235" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A technology developed for NASA to identify pathogens inside spacecraft turned out to be beneficial for wastewater surveillance on Earth.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_51235" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51235-space-station-germ-testing-improves-wastewater-monitoring?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725433641/sites/tb/features-16x9/51235/tb-0924-spinoff-fig4_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51310-video-spotlight-on-products-and-services-mdb-0824?m=1493">Video Spotlight on Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51310" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See which products and services the video spotlight is on, including Dotmatics, an integrated scientific informatics platform that supports research and development activities; an autoinjector testing system featuring precise measurement and control capabilities; BD’s Physiojet disposable autoinjector; testing software that takes over the test sequence with determination of the results; Stevanto Group’s technology centers; and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_51310" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51310-video-spotlight-on-products-and-services-mdb-0824?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1723376678/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51310/abbvie_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-glasses me-1"></i> Features: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51283-enabling-cdmo-success-through-intelligent-testing-capabilities?m=1493">Enabling CDMO Success Through Intelligent Testing Capabilities</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51283" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> While mechanical testing may play a small role in the total scope of CDMO competencies, a poorly equipped solution can result in significant issues with time management, data integrity, and root cause analysis. Investing in highly capable testing systems should be considered a long-term investment and serve to showcase a commitment to quality for potential clients. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_51283" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51283-enabling-cdmo-success-through-intelligent-testing-capabilities?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1723283179/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51283/mdb-0824-p5-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Tech Talks: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div id="f2_51007" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51007-instrument-building-101-design-your-solution-for-forensic-testing?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1720424667/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51007/shutterstock_1307102251_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51007-instrument-building-101-design-your-solution-for-forensic-testing?m=1493">Instrument Building 101: Design Your Solution for Forensic Testing</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51007" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Designing a solution for forensic testing instruments involves a complex system including a long list of hardware, software, firmware, consumables, and chemistries working...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51154-doc-9399?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1722092733/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Eurofins_Inside-Story-on-Implantable-Medical-Devices.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51154-doc-9399?m=1493">Get the Inside Story on Implantable Medical Devices</a></h5> Get expert insights from Eurofins Medical Device Testing! Discover biocompatibility expertise with Eurofins’ experts as they answer key questions on implantable devices. Ensure rapid...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/51154-doc-9399?m=1493" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Tech Talks: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div id="f2_50925" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50925-handling-unexpected-biocompatibility-test-results-in-medical-device-development?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1718603744/sites/mdb/features-16x9/50925/shutterstock_649070965_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50925-handling-unexpected-biocompatibility-test-results-in-medical-device-development?m=1493">Handling Unexpected Biocompatibility Test Results in Medical Device Development</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_50925" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Getting unexpected or failing test results for any biocompatibility test can feel like the end of the line for a medical device. As a vital step in device...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Materials</h6></div> <div class="item-wo-image ps-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50701-video-spotlight-on-products-and-services-mdb-0524?m=1493">Video Spotlight on Products and Services</a></h5> <div> <div class="item-introtext"> See which products and services the video spotlight is on, including a static testing system from Instron, the SIGMA Laser Stent and Tube Cutting System, medical micro molding services from AccuMold, sterilization solutions and lab testing and advisory services from Sotera Health, electric linear actuators from Thomson, nitinol components from Confluent Medical, and Interpower's power cords.</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50475-product-of-the-month-mdb-0424?m=1493">Product of the Month</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_50475" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the product of the month: Canon Medical Components' chip-on-tip video borescope camera for a diverse range of inspection applications. The SV-2000 delivers full-color, high-resolution video inspections and image capture in tight spaces.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_50475" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50475-product-of-the-month-mdb-0424?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1712140317/sites/mdb/features-16x9/50475/mdb-0424-p31_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50213-new-products-and-services-mdb-0324?m=1493">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_50213" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services, including Instron's precision specimen loader, Lumedel's fiberoptic collimating lenses, Fume hoods from HEMCO, a lithium coin cell holder for maximizing PC board capacity from Keystone Electronics, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_50213" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50213-new-products-and-services-mdb-0324?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1709443457/sites/mdb/features-16x9/50213/mdb-0324-p39_fig6r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49988-new-products-and-services-mdb-0224?m=1493">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49988" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services, including precision injection molding from Medbio; Covestro's Makrolon 3638 polycarbonate; laser processing systems from Amada Weld Tech; biocompatible adhesives, sealants, and potting materials from EpoxySet; brushless ECX speed motors from maxon; and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49988" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49988-new-products-and-services-mdb-0224?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1706877361/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49988/mdb-0224-p64_fig6r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49979-opo-lasers-putting-optical-components-to-the-test?m=1493">OPO Lasers: Putting Optical Components to the Test</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49979" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) lasers test optical fibers and components to characterize the spectral response of optical components. Now, these tunable pulsed lasers are being used to facilitate a range of tests at different wavelengths to qualify and quantify the performance of optical components such as fiber optic strands, filters, lenses, and coated mirrors.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49979" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49979-opo-lasers-putting-optical-components-to-the-test?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1706841390/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49979/mdb-0224-p51_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49912-doc-9225?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1705733733/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/OKeefe_Understanding-Standard-Conditions-In-Flow-Measurement.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49912-doc-9225?m=1493">Understanding Standard Conditions In Flow Measurement</a></h5> Gas flow measurement is usually expressed in volumetric units such as cubic feet, cubic liters, or cubic centimeters per time. Since gases are compressible fluids, the total mass contained...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/49912-doc-9225?m=1493" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49788-new-products-and-services-0124mdb?m=1493">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49788" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services, including an ultrathin cable module for single-use endoscopes from Omnivision, CUI Inc's dc-dc converter, Vision Engineering's stereo microscopes, Henkel's expanded portfolio for wearables, SupplyOne's packaging solutions, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49788" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49788-new-products-and-services-0124mdb?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1704292929/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49788/mdb-0124-p38_fig6r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49653-product-focus-test-and-measurement-2023?m=1493">Product Focus: Test & Measurement</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49653" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The product focus is on test and measurement, specifically Mahr's digital caliper line, Marposs' high-performance 3D measuring system, new oscilloscopes from RIGOL, and Spectrum Instrumentation's digital pulse generator.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49653" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49653-product-focus-test-and-measurement-2023?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1701928176/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49653/mdb-1223-p28_fig2r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48862-more-holistic-and-efficient-testing-of-ppe?m=1493">New Device Enables More Holistic and Efficient Testing of PPE</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_48862" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A team at Sandia National Laboratories has developed a faster and more comprehensive way of testing personal protective equipment, or PPE. The basic principle: modeling a device...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_48862" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48862-more-holistic-and-efficient-testing-of-ppe?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1692825104/sites/mdb/features-16x9/48862/20230823_medical_design_story4_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Inside Story: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49691-inside-story-mdb-0623?m=1493">Inside Story: Validating Your Sterilization Process</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49691" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> To find out more about sterile product development and registration, MDB recently spoke with Elizabeth Sydnor, Director of Microbiology of Eurofins Medical Device Testing (Lancaster, PA). Read the interview.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49691" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49691-inside-story-mdb-0623?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1705767941/sites/mdb/articles/2023/features/MDB-0623-insidestory-fig1.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_421',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_421' class=""></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Supplements: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48512-summer-2023-resource-guide?m=1493">Summer 2023 Resource Guide</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_48512" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In our summer edition of the MDB Resource Guide, learn about new cleaning requirements and find the right company to match your medical-design needs.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_48512" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48512-summer-2023-resource-guide?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1688120413/sites/mdb/features-16x9/48512/mdb-0623-sr-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48317-new-products-and-services-0623?m=1493">New Products And Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_48317" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services, including servo motor drives, leak testing equipment, rupture disk product selection, an automated regrinding system, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_48317" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48317-new-products-and-services-0623?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1686366314/sites/mdb/features-16x9/48317/mdb-0623-p35_fig7r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> News: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47944-fda-pilot-program-supports-streamlined-regulatory-submission-processes-for-medical-device-manufacturers?m=1493">FDA Pilot Program Supports Streamlined Regulatory Submission Processes for Medical Device Manufacturers</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47944" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The current U.S. regulatory framework for medical devices under the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) includes extensive...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47944" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47944-fda-pilot-program-supports-streamlined-regulatory-submission-processes-for-medical-device-manufacturers?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1687226559/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47944/fda-asca-adobestock_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Inside Story: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49692-inside-story-mdb-0323?m=1493">Inside Story: Developing a Package Performance Testing Plan</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49692" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> To find out more about the expertise required to develop a testing plan for package performance testing, MDB recently spoke with Sunny Modi, Director of Package Testing for Eurofins Medical Device Testing in Lancaster, PA.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49692" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49692-inside-story-mdb-0323?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1705768222/sites/mdb/articles/2023/features/MDB-0323-insidestory-fig1.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47672-new-products-and-services-mdb-0323?m=1493">New Products & Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47672" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The new products and services for March 2023, including pressure sensors, coaxial cable assemblies, a pressure switch, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47672" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47672-new-products-and-services-mdb-0323?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1680095759/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47672/mdb-0323-p39_fig6n_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Connectivity</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47512-new-products-and-services-mdb-0223?m=1493">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47512" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services from Medical Design & Manufacturing (MD&M) West, including a leak test instrument, a brushless DC motor, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47512" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47512-new-products-and-services-mdb-0223?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1679014728/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47512/mdb-0223-p63_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-glasses me-1"></i> Features: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47506-eliminating-rabbit-testing-in-the-year-of-the-rabbit-alternatives-for-animal-testing-in-2023?m=1493">Eliminating Rabbit Testing in the Year of the Rabbit: Alternatives for Animal Testing in 2023 </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47506" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In recent years, ethical concerns over the use of live animals in testing have been increasing, particularly for cases not directly related to advancing human health.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47506" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47506-eliminating-rabbit-testing-in-the-year-of-the-rabbit-alternatives-for-animal-testing-in-2023?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1696272372/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47506/mdb-0223-p16_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Supplements: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47484-medical-design-briefs-2021-technology-leaders?m=1493">Medical Design Briefs: 2021 Technology Leaders</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47484" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Learn about the medical manufacturers and cutting-edge applications that stood out in 2021.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47484" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47484-medical-design-briefs-2021-technology-leaders?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1685565261/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47484/mdb-techleaders-2021-cover_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Supplements: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47475-medical-design-briefs-2022-technology-leaders?m=1493">Medical Design Briefs: 2022 Technology Leaders</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47475" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Learn about the medical manufacturers and cutting-edge applications that stood out in 2022.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47475" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47475-medical-design-briefs-2022-technology-leaders?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1685532325/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47475/mdb-techleaders-2022-cover_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Inside Story: Packaging & Sterilization</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49693-inside-story-mdb-0123?m=1493">Inside Story: Establishing Safe EO Residual Levels for Medical Devices</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49693" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> To find out more about the expertise required to establish safe EO Residual levels for medical devices, Medical Design Briefs recently spoke with Leonard Harris, Manager, Chemistry and Container Testing for Eurofins Medical Device Testing (Lancaster, PA).</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49693" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49693-inside-story-mdb-0123?m=1493"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1705772502/sites/mdb/articles/2023/features/MDB-0123-insidestory-fig1.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mt-4"> <a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing/testing?start=0"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary "> MORE STORIES<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></div></div></div></div> <div class="right-column col-lg-4 col-md-5 col-12 mt-md-0 mt-4"><div class="row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Ask the Expert</h4> <div class="ntb-asktheexpert"> <h6>Ralph Bright on the Power of Power Cords</h6> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_3:4,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1593634190/sites/mdb/articles/2020/sponsored/asktheexpert/ralph_bright.jpg' class='float-start w-33 me-2 mb-1 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /><p>Understanding power system components and how to connect them correctly is critical to meeting regulatory requirements and designing successful electrical products for worldwide markets. Interpower’s Ralph Bright defines these requirements and explains how to know which cord to select for your application.</p> <a href="/component/content/article/36279-ask-the-expert-ralph-bright-on-the-power-of-power-cords"> <button class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase"> Read More  <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></div></div></div> <div class="story-list row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Webcasts</h4><div class="webinars-box story-list"> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728721385/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51616/enedo-a-guide-to-selecting-power-supplies_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> Upcoming Webinars: Electronics & Computers</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51616-a-guide-to-selecting-power-supplies-for-medical-equipment"> A Guide to Selecting Power Supplies for Medical Equipment</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730288828/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51806/cpc-benefits-of-streamlining_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Materials</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51806-benefits-of-streamlining-fluid-connections-in-medical-applications"> Benefits of Streamlining Fluid Connections in Medical Applications</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729692857/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51665/shutterstock_649070965_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Materials</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51665-the-power-of-the-wear-study-in-medical-device-development"> The Power of the Wear Study in Medical Device Development</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730568792/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51952/103024_mdb_podcast_adobe_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51952-an-inside-look-at-designing-drug-delivery-pumps"> An Inside Look at Designing Drug-Delivery Pumps</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729664250/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51868/cpc-benefits-of-streamlining_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Wearables</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51868-addressing-connectivity-and-performance-in-connected-care-iot-devices"> Addressing Connectivity and Performance in Connected Care IoT Devices</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729273236/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51853/102224-mdb-podcast_trends_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Design</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51853-emerging-trends-in-drug-delivery"> Emerging Trends in Drug Delivery</a></p></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_21_modid_404',target_pos:'21',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_21_modid_404' class=""></div></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_398',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_398' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Inside Story</h4> <div class="ntb-asktheexpert"> <h6>Inside Story: Selecting and Implementing Automation Solutions</h6> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_3:4,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1704480562/sites/mdb/articles/2023/features/MDB-0723-insidestory-fig1.jpg' class='float-start w-33 me-2 mb-1 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /><p>To find out more about selecting and implementing automation solutions, MDB recently spoke with Dave McMorrow, Technical Director, MMT Automation and Michael Wall, Technical Director, Somex Automation, an MMT company.</p> <a href="/component/content/article/49491-inside-story-july-2023"> <button class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase"> Read More  <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_300x150_125x125_234x60',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_300x150_125x125_234x60',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[300,150],[125,125],[234,60]],div_id:'GAM_pos_31_modid_400',target_pos:'31',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_31_modid_400' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_23_modid_402',target_pos:'23',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_23_modid_402' class=""></div></div></div></div></div> </section></div> <div class="row mt-5"></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_13_modid_403',target_pos:'13',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_13_modid_403' class=""></div></div></div><div class="ntb-bxslider row mb-0"> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Videos</h4></div> <div class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-tbtvrelated-prev"></span></h3></div> <div id="bxs-tbtvrelated" class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden align-content-center col-sm-10 px-sm-0 col-12 px-4 my-0"> <ul class="bxslider"> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50194-what-the-aerospace-industry-can-learn-from-the-automotive-sector"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1709071094/sites/tb/features-16x9/50194/what-the-aerospace-industry-can-learn_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50194-what-the-aerospace-industry-can-learn-from-the-automotive-sector">What the Aerospace Industry Can Learn from the...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/48883-mars-sample-return-aims-to-return-mars-samples"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1693327020/sites/tb/features-16x9/48883/heaviest-mars-spacecraft_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/48883-mars-sample-return-aims-to-return-mars-samples">Mars Sample Return Aims to Return Mars Samples</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51383-ev-accelerator-interview-with-dana-parmenter-of-csa"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1724428057/sites/tb/features-16x9/51383/keysight-ev-accelerators_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Energy</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51383-ev-accelerator-interview-with-dana-parmenter-of-csa">EV Accelerator interview with Dana Parmenter of...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51543-ingaas-imaging-solutions-for-industrial-applications"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1725768208/sites/tb/features-16x9/51543/hamamatsu-ingaas-animation_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51543-ingaas-imaging-solutions-for-industrial-applications">InGaAs Imaging Solutions for Industrial...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49113-fuel-cell-testing-made-easy-by-ea-elektro-automatik"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1695314845/sites/tb/features-16x9/49113/fuel-testing-made-easy_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Energy</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49113-fuel-cell-testing-made-easy-by-ea-elektro-automatik">Fuel Cell Testing Made Easy by EA...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50599-greater-precision-rigidity-loads-in-less-space"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1714517428/sites/tb/features-16x9/50599/nb-greater-precision_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50599-greater-precision-rigidity-loads-in-less-space">Greater Precision, Rigidity & Loads in Less Space</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51907-autonomous-robot-monitors-hard-to-reach-crops"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1730222406/sites/tb/features-16x9/51907/corn-monitoring-robot_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51907-autonomous-robot-monitors-hard-to-reach-crops">Autonomous Robot Monitors Hard-to-Reach Crops</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/46923-nanoprecise-distance-and-thickness-measurements"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1724650572/sites/tbtv/youtube/46923_OzLtMNQXuQc.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Robotics, Automation & Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/46923-nanoprecise-distance-and-thickness-measurements">Nanoprecise Distance and Thickness Measurements</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50316-charging-into-the-future-with-ev-battery-testing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1710663420/sites/tb/features-16x9/50316/tuv-charging-into-the-future_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Power</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50316-charging-into-the-future-with-ev-battery-testing">Charging into the Future with EV Battery Testing</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51236-testing-recording-equipment-for-x-59s-future-supersonic-flights"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1722873122/sites/tb/features-16x9/51236/nasa-tests-ground-recording-equipment_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51236-testing-recording-equipment-for-x-59s-future-supersonic-flights">Testing Recording Equipment for X-59’s Future...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49341-emerging-trends-in-validation-of-electronic-systems"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1697789977/sites/tb/features-16x9/49341/pico-technologies-expert-insight_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Electronics & Computers</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49341-emerging-trends-in-validation-of-electronic-systems">Emerging Trends in Validation of Electronic...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50571-best-practices-for-testing-and-validating-electronic-systems"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1713891528/sites/tb/features-16x9/50571/pico-best-practices_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Software</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50571-best-practices-for-testing-and-validating-electronic-systems">Best Practices for Testing and Validating...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50767-manta-ray-uuv-prototypes-complete-in-water-testing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1716568148/sites/tb/features-16x9/50767/manta-ray-2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50767-manta-ray-uuv-prototypes-complete-in-water-testing">Manta Ray UUV Prototypes Complete In-Water Testing</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50702-ev-accelerator-interview-with-charlie-abend-of-vw"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1715186279/sites/tb/features-16x9/50702/ev-accelerator-interview-vw_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50702-ev-accelerator-interview-with-charlie-abend-of-vw">EV Accelerator interview with Charlie Abend of VW</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/48777-ensure-blood-line-tubing-quality"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1691698529/sites/tb/features-16x9/48777/marposs-ensure-blood-line-tubing-quality_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/48777-ensure-blood-line-tubing-quality">Ensure Blood Line Tubing Quality</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49526-ni-sharpens-its-hil-expertise-with-support-of-autonomous-racing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1700036276/sites/tb/features-16x9/49526/ni-sharpens_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49526-ni-sharpens-its-hil-expertise-with-support-of-autonomous-racing">NI Sharpens Its HIL Expertise With Support of...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49632-surface-independent-distance-measurements-with-submicron-precision"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1701469354/sites/tb/features-16x9/49632/confocal-chromatic-sensors_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Sensors/Data Acquisition</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49632-surface-independent-distance-measurements-with-submicron-precision">Surface-Independent Distance Measurements With...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51432-boom-supersonic-completes-second-flight-of-xb-1-demonstrator"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1724909665/sites/tb/features-16x9/51432/082924-tb-tv_xb1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51432-boom-supersonic-completes-second-flight-of-xb-1-demonstrator">Boom Supersonic Completes Second Flight of XB-1...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49306-3-technologies-to-detect-viruses-and-bacteria"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1697076348/sites/tb/features-16x9/49306/1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49306-3-technologies-to-detect-viruses-and-bacteria">3 Technologies to Detect Viruses and Bacteria</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/46236-3d-laser-scanners-for-inline-quality-inspection"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1683887568/sites/tb/features-16x9/46236/micro-epsilon_3d-scanner_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Robotics, Automation & Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/46236-3d-laser-scanners-for-inline-quality-inspection">3D Laser Scanners for Inline Quality Inspection</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50405-from-vision-to-innovation---with-dspace-solutions-for-aerospace"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1711614188/sites/tb/features-16x9/50405/vision-to-innovation_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Defense</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50405-from-vision-to-innovation---with-dspace-solutions-for-aerospace">From Vision to Innovation – with dSPACE...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51148-tuev-sueds-jonathan-drew-on-the-ever-changing-test-lab-landscape"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1721760578/sites/tb/features-16x9/51148/ever-changing-test-lab-landscape_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51148-tuev-sueds-jonathan-drew-on-the-ever-changing-test-lab-landscape">TÜV SÜD’s Jonathan Drew on the Ever-Changing...</a></h6></div></li></ul></div> <div class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-tbtvrelated-next"></span></h3></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_14_modid_420',target_pos:'14',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_14_modid_420' class=""></div></div></div><footer><div class="newsmatrix-hubheadlines mt-5 sans-serif row"> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-1 col-lg-3 col-6 order-lg-5"> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/stories/blog" rel="nofollow">Medical Blog</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52004-gen-ai-isnt-ready-for-medical-devices"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731073851/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52004/mdb-1124-p7_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52004-gen-ai-isnt-ready-for-medical-devices">Gen AI Isn’t Ready (for Medical Devices)</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51995-from-the-editor-mdb-1124">From the Editor - Study: Use of Recalled Products Does Not Equal Future Loyalty</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51697-from-the-editor-mdb-1024">From the Editor: A Breakthrough in Remote Surgical Robotics</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-2 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/topic/materials-manufacturing" rel="nofollow">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51806-benefits-of-streamlining-fluid-connections-in-medical-applications"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1730288828/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51806/cpc-benefits-of-streamlining_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51806-benefits-of-streamlining-fluid-connections-in-medical-applications">Benefits of Streamlining Fluid Connections in Medical Applications</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51665-the-power-of-the-wear-study-in-medical-device-development">The Power of the Wear Study in Medical Device Development</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52005-videos-of-the-month-mdb-1124">Videos of the Month</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-3 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/topic/design-testing" rel="nofollow">Design & Testing</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52002-product-focus-manufacturing-assembly-equipment-1124"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731082207/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52002/mdb-1124-p46_fig2r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52002-product-focus-manufacturing-assembly-equipment-1124">Product Focus: Manufacturing/Assembly Equipment</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51998-implantable-miniature-brain-machine-interface-offers-low-power-usage">Implantable Miniature Brain-Machine Interface Offers Low Power Usage</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51985-medevice-silicon-valley-an-md-m-event">MEDevice Silicon Valley, an MD&M Event</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-4 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/topic/sensors-wearables" rel="nofollow">Sensors & Wearables</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51999-high-tech-bandages-could-fend-off-infections-improve-healing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731081553/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51999/mdb-1124-p44_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51999-high-tech-bandages-could-fend-off-infections-improve-healing">High-Tech Bandages Could Fend Off Infections, Improve Healing</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51994-a-band-aid-for-the-heart-new-3d-printing-method-makes-this-and-much-more-possible">A Band-Aid for the Heart? New 3D Printing Method Makes This, and Much More,...</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51992-how-printed-electronics-are-transforming-healthcare">How Printed Electronics Are Transforming Healthcare</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-5 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/topic/electronics-software" rel="nofollow">Electronics & Software</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52006-product-of-the-month-mdb-1124"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731082032/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52006/mdb-1124-p46_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52006-product-of-the-month-mdb-1124">Product of the Month</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52001-new-products-and-services-mdb-1124">New Products and Services</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51993-exploring-electrosurgery-current-trends-and-challenges">Exploring Electrosurgery: Current Trends and Challenges</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-6 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/topic/robotics-automation" rel="nofollow">Robotics & Automation</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52080-miniature-robots-can-navigate-through-3d-matrix"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732048612/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52080/20241120_medical_design_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52080-miniature-robots-can-navigate-through-3d-matrix">Miniature Robots Can Navigate Through 3D Matrix</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52000-medical-podcasts-1124">Medical Podcasts</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51991-finger-pouch-actuator-improves-rehab-gloves">Finger Pouch Actuator Improves Rehab Gloves</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-7 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/topic/iomt-connectivity" rel="nofollow">IoMT & Connectivity</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51984-optimizing-biopharma-workflows-integrating-ai-to-enhance-research-and-discovery"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731076034/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51984/mdb-1124-p21_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51984-optimizing-biopharma-workflows-integrating-ai-to-enhance-research-and-discovery">Optimizing Biopharma Workflows: Integrating AI to Enhance Research and...</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51880-trivia-103024">Cybersecurity</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51480-how-quantum-computing-will-impact-healthcare-data-encryption">How Quantum Computing Will Impact Healthcare Data Encryption </a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-8 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/mdb/features/articles" rel="nofollow">Features</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51982-inside-the-oem-johnson-johnson-medtech"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731075276/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51982/mdb-1124-p10_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51982-inside-the-oem-johnson-johnson-medtech">Inside the OEM: Johnson & Johnson MedTech</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51983-how-to-design-reliable-low-power-wearable-medicine-injectors">How to Design Reliable, Low-Power Wearable Medicine Injectors </a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51685-transdermal-technology-designing-the-worlds-first-seven-day-patch-for-alzheimers">Transdermal Technology: Designing the World’s First Seven-Day Patch for...</a></p></div></div><hr class="border-top border-primary"> <nav id="footernav" class="sans-serif"> <div class="footer-bottom row"> <div class="left-column col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/about">About</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/">Tech Briefs</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://status.saemediagroup.com/">Service Status</a></p></div><div id="cb-form" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm mt-5" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Sign In</h5> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button></div> <div class="modal-body"> <form action="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/account/login" method="post" id="login-form" class="form-inline cbLoginForm" data-bs-target="#cb-form"> <input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_comprofiler"/> <input type="hidden" name="view" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="op2" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="return" value="B:aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWVkaWNhbGRlc2lnbmJyaWVmcy5jb20vbWRiL3RvcGljL2Rlc2lnbi10ZXN0aW5nL3Rlc3Rpbmc="/> <input type="hidden" name="message" value="0"/> <input type="hidden" name="loginfrom" value="loginmodule"/> <input type="hidden" name="d1c80af7718501bcf1feac61a5baa1e6" value="1" /> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="username" type="text" class="form-control col-8" id="inputUserName" placeholder="Username"> <label for="inputUserName">Username or Email</label></div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="passwd" type="password" class="form-control col-8" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> <label for="inputPassword">Password</label></div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-12 mb-3">Submit <i class="fas fa-sign-in ms-2"></i></button> <a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/account/forgot-login" class="col-12"> <i class="fas fa-unlock-alt me-2"></i> Forgot Login? </a> <div class="posttext cb_template cb_template_default"> <p><i>By submitting your personal information, you agree that SAE Media Group and carefully selected industry sponsors of this content may contact you and that you have read and agree to the <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may reach us at <a href="mailto:privacy@saemediagroup.com">privacy@saemediagroup.com</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may unsubscribe at any time.</i></p></div></form></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mid-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/mdb/subscription-services">Subscriber Services</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/mdb/feedback">Feedback</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/company-directory">Contact Us</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/mdb/sitemap">Site Map</a></p></div></div> <div class="right-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com">Advertise</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/cookie-usage-statement">Cookie Usage</a></p></div><p class="menu-footer-followus my-2"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=facebook&username=MedicalDesignBriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=twitter&username=MedicalBriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767&service_nickname=instagram&username=mdbmagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div> </nav> <div class="row mb-5"> <div class="copyright col-12"> <p class="font-italic small">© 2009-2024 SAE Media Group</p></div></div> </footer></div><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg=="></script><script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" defer tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg=="></script><script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { var cl = cloudinary.Cloudinary.new({ cloud_name: "tbmg" }); cl.config({ defaultBreakpoints: [100,200,400,500,800,1000,1200], responsive_use_breakpoints: true, }); cl.responsive(); }); var match_md_max = window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)"); $(function () { var tooltipTriggerList = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]')) var tooltipList = tooltipTriggerList.map(function (tooltipTriggerEl) { return new bootstrap.Tooltip(tooltipTriggerEl) }) }); </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js" as="script"/> <meta name="shareaholic:site_id" content="522f4331bb8588162f964362d440d767"/> <script data-cfasync="false" async src="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { // olytics 3.0 window.olytics || (window.olytics = []), window.olytics.methods = ["fire", "confirm"], window.olytics.factory = function (i) { return function () { var t = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return t.unshift(i), window.olytics.push(t), window.olytics } }; for (var i = 0; i < window.olytics.methods.length; i++) { var method = window.olytics.methods[i]; window.olytics[method] = window.olytics.factory(method) } olytics.load = function (i) { if (!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")) { window.a = window.olytics; var t = document.createElement("script"); t.async = !0, t.id = "olyticsImport", t.type = "text/javascript"; var o = ""; void 0 !== i && void 0 !== i.oid && (o = i.oid), t.setAttribute("data-oid", o), t.src = "https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js", t.addEventListener("load", function (t) { for (olytics.initialize({Olytics: i}); window.a.length > 0;) { var o = window.a.shift(), s = o.shift(); olytics[s] && olytics[s].apply(olytics, o) } }, !1); var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) } }, olytics.load({oid: "c1d61b8c10b7440fb3c59fe5b6424a6b"}); }); </script><noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3077140&fmt=gif" class="nolazyload"/> </noscript>  <script src="https://static.medicaldesignbriefs.com/media/system/js/core.min.js?37ffe4186289eba9c5df81bea44080aff77b9684"></script> <script src="https://static.medicaldesignbriefs.com/media/vendor/webcomponentsjs/js/webcomponents-bundle.min.js?2.8.0" nomodule defer></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bxslider/4.2.17/jquery.bxslider.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-LaBO0tZh1+6Ebk+EnHt/WsGM0UnmkCXfQ1rfhGmpa5MXUdslNuSSELBRcteHKz4k4ny+Op10Ax2fPoTNq+VcUg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/mdb_2018/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-nff3aWZDIDxg0tWNzmHpVJBIYzeNKxD4MoBEEkbkMiS5E+xdfuInyttVoJSbSWn5clseSEQrzufa8Bl8rXvN9A=="/> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ=="></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w=="/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/>  <script> var GAM_breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'');window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting('sitepage',['MDB/Testing']).setTargeting('site',["MDB"]).setTargeting('menu_route',["mdb\/topic\/design-testing\/testing"]).setTargeting('menu_topics',["Test & Measurement"]).setTargeting('menu_tags',[""]).setTargeting('topic',["Testing"]).setTargeting('hub',["Design & Testing"]);googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();googletag.pubads().setCentering(true);googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(false);googletag.enableServices();});$(function(){function ntb_google_ad_manager_build(item){item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);if(item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){var item=this;var item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);size_mapping=[];if(item.size_mapping.length){size_mapping=googletag.sizeMapping();item.size_mapping.forEach(function(size_map){size_mapping.addSize(size_map.view,size_map.map);});size_mapping.build();} var targetSlot=googletag.defineSlot(item.slot,item.slot_ad_sizes,item.div_id).setTargeting('pos',[item.target_pos]).defineSizeMapping(size_mapping);if(item.slot_ad_empty==='default'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='collapse'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true,true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='expand'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(false);} targetSlot.addService(googletag.pubads());googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(event){if(event.slot===targetSlot&&event.isEmpty){item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');googletag.destroySlots(event.slot);}});googletag.enableServices();}.bind(item));} else{item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');}} function ntb_google_ad_manager_display(item){if(item.display_all||item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){item=this;googletag.display(item.div_id);}.bind(item));}} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_build(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_display(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);}}); /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';if(!window.Joomla){throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised');} var keepAliveOptions=Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive');var keepAliveInterval=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.interval?parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval,10):45*1000;var keepAliveUri=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.uri?keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g,'&'):'';if(keepAliveUri===''){var systemPaths=Joomla.getOptions('system.paths');keepAliveUri=(systemPaths?systemPaths.root+"/index.php":window.location.pathname)+"?option=com_ajax&format=json";} setInterval(function(){return fetch(keepAliveUri,{method:'POST'});},keepAliveInterval);})(); /*! inlined from /media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';function _inheritsLoose(subClass,superClass){subClass.prototype=Object.create(superClass.prototype);subClass.prototype.constructor=subClass;_setPrototypeOf(subClass,superClass);} function _getPrototypeOf(o){_getPrototypeOf=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.getPrototypeOf.bind():function _getPrototypeOf(o){return o.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(o);};return _getPrototypeOf(o);} function _setPrototypeOf(o,p){_setPrototypeOf=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf.bind():function _setPrototypeOf(o,p){o.__proto__=p;return o;};return _setPrototypeOf(o,p);} function _isNativeReflectConstruct(){if(typeof Reflect==="undefined"||!Reflect.construct)return false;if(Reflect.construct.sham)return false;if(typeof Proxy==="function")return true;try{Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean,[],function(){}));return true;}catch(e){return false;}} function _construct(Parent,args,Class){if(_isNativeReflectConstruct()){_construct=Reflect.construct.bind();}else{_construct=function _construct(Parent,args,Class){var a=[null];a.push.apply(a,args);var Constructor=Function.bind.apply(Parent,a);var instance=new Constructor();if(Class)_setPrototypeOf(instance,Class.prototype);return instance;};} return _construct.apply(null,arguments);} function _isNativeFunction(fn){return Function.toString.call(fn).indexOf("[native code]")!==-1;} function _wrapNativeSuper(Class){var _cache=typeof Map==="function"?new Map():undefined;_wrapNativeSuper=function _wrapNativeSuper(Class){if(Class===null||!_isNativeFunction(Class))return Class;if(typeof Class!=="function"){throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function");} if(typeof _cache!=="undefined"){if(_cache.has(Class))return _cache.get(Class);_cache.set(Class,Wrapper);} function Wrapper(){return _construct(Class,arguments,_getPrototypeOf(this).constructor);} Wrapper.prototype=Object.create(Class.prototype,{constructor:{value:Wrapper,enumerable:false,writable:true,configurable:true}});return _setPrototypeOf(Wrapper,Class);};return _wrapNativeSuper(Class);} window.customElements.define('joomla-hidden-mail',function(_HTMLElement){_inheritsLoose(_class,_HTMLElement);function _class(){var _this;_this=_HTMLElement.call(this)||this;_this.newElement='';_this.base='';return _this;} var _proto=_class.prototype;_proto.disconnectedCallback=function disconnectedCallback(){this.innerHTML='';};_proto.connectedCallback=function connectedCallback(){var _this2=this;this.base=this.getAttribute('base')+"/";if(this.getAttribute('is-link')==='1'){this.newElement=document.createElement('a');this.newElement.setAttribute('href',"mailto:"+this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('first'))+"@"+this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('last')));[].slice.call(this.attributes).forEach(function(attribute,index){var _this2$attributes$ite=_this2.attributes.item(index),nodeName=_this2$attributes$ite.nodeName;if(nodeName){if(['is-link','is-email','first','last','text'].indexOf(nodeName)===-1){var _this2$attributes$ite2=_this2.attributes.item(index),nodeValue=_this2$attributes$ite2.nodeValue;_this2.newElement.setAttribute(nodeName,nodeValue);}}});}else{this.newElement=document.createElement('span');} if(this.getAttribute('text')){var innerStr=this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('text'));innerStr=innerStr.replace('src="images/',"src=\""+this.base+"images/").replace('src="media/',"src=\""+this.base+"media/");this.newElement.innerHTML=Joomla.sanitizeHtml(innerStr);}else{this.newElement.innerText=window.atob(this.getAttribute('first'))+"@"+window.atob(this.getAttribute('last'));} this.removeAttribute('class');this.removeAttribute('style');this.innerText='';this.appendChild(this.newElement);};_class.b64DecodeUnicode=function b64DecodeUnicode(str){return decodeURIComponent(Array.prototype.map.call(atob(str),function(c){return"%"+("00"+c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2);}).join(''));};return _class;}(_wrapNativeSuper(HTMLElement)));})(); /*! inlined from /media/mod_ntb_bxslider/js/global.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var bxs_update;var bxs_config=[];bxs_breakpoint=function(){breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'')||'lg';if(breakpoint==='none'){breakpoint='lg';} return breakpoint;};bxs_create=function(name,swaps){var id='bxs-'+name;var bp=bxs_breakpoint();bxs_config[name]={id:id,bp:bp,swaps:swaps,settings:{auto:true,stopAutoOnClick:true,pause:5000,pager:false,minSlides:swaps[bp].slides,maxSlides:swaps[bp].slides,moveSlides:swaps[bp].slides,slideMargin:swaps[bp].margin,slideWidth:swaps[bp].width,nextSelector:'#'+id+'-next',prevSelector:'#'+id+'-prev',nextText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-right"></i>',prevText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-left"></i>',randomStart:true,adaptiveHeight:true,shrinkItems:true,touchEnabled:false,}};};$(function(){bxs_activate=function(name){bxs_config[name].bxslider=$('#'+bxs_config[name].id+' .bxslider').bxSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);bxs_update(name);$(window).resize(function(){bxs_update(name);});} bxs_update=function(name){var current_bp=bxs_breakpoint();if(current_bp!==bxs_config[name].bp){bxs_config[name].bp=current_bp;var swaps=bxs_config[name].swaps;bxs_config[name].settings.minSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.maxSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.moveSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.slideMargin=swaps[current_bp].margin;bxs_config[name].settings.slideWidth=swaps[current_bp].width;bxs_config[name].bxslider.reloadSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);} $('.'+bxs_config[name].id).removeClass('hidden');bxs_config[name].bxslider.redrawSlider();};});$(function(){olytics.fire({behaviorId:'3671H9128356A9M',category:"Testing",tag:"Test & Measurement",pageType:"index",contentType:"topic"})});!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');fbq('init','228022071752970');fbq('track','PageView');!function(s,a,e,v,n,t,z){if(s.saq)return;n=s.saq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!s._saq)s._saq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='1.0';n.queue=[];t=a.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;z=a.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(t,z)}(window,document,'script','https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com/events.js');saq('ts','3GYZ_Va41jnx_uqfPcLCuQ');var match_md_max=window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)");bxs_create('default',{xxl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},xl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},lg:{slides:4,margin:32,width:256},md:{slides:3,margin:35,width:256},sm:{slides:3,margin:10,width:256},xs:{slides:2,margin:10,width:256}});$(function(){bxs_activate('default');});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_51239>a').appendTo('#f1_51239');}else{$('#f1_51239>a').appendTo('#f2_51239');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_51457>a').appendTo('#f1_51457');}else{$('#f1_51457>a').appendTo('#f2_51457');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_51235>a').appendTo('#f1_51235');}else{$('#f1_51235>a').appendTo('#f2_51235');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_51310>a').appendTo('#f1_51310');}else{$('#f1_51310>a').appendTo('#f2_51310');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_51283>a').appendTo('#f1_51283');}else{$('#f1_51283>a').appendTo('#f2_51283');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_51007>a').appendTo('#f1_51007');}else{$('#f1_51007>a').appendTo('#f2_51007');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_50925>a').appendTo('#f1_50925');}else{$('#f1_50925>a').appendTo('#f2_50925');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_50475>a').appendTo('#f1_50475');}else{$('#f1_50475>a').appendTo('#f2_50475');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_50213>a').appendTo('#f1_50213');}else{$('#f1_50213>a').appendTo('#f2_50213');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_49988>a').appendTo('#f1_49988');}else{$('#f1_49988>a').appendTo('#f2_49988');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_49979>a').appendTo('#f1_49979');}else{$('#f1_49979>a').appendTo('#f2_49979');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_49788>a').appendTo('#f1_49788');}else{$('#f1_49788>a').appendTo('#f2_49788');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_49653>a').appendTo('#f1_49653');}else{$('#f1_49653>a').appendTo('#f2_49653');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_48862>a').appendTo('#f1_48862');}else{$('#f1_48862>a').appendTo('#f2_48862');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_49691>a').appendTo('#f1_49691');}else{$('#f1_49691>a').appendTo('#f2_49691');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_48512>a').appendTo('#f1_48512');}else{$('#f1_48512>a').appendTo('#f2_48512');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_48317>a').appendTo('#f1_48317');}else{$('#f1_48317>a').appendTo('#f2_48317');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_47944>a').appendTo('#f1_47944');}else{$('#f1_47944>a').appendTo('#f2_47944');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_49692>a').appendTo('#f1_49692');}else{$('#f1_49692>a').appendTo('#f2_49692');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_47672>a').appendTo('#f1_47672');}else{$('#f1_47672>a').appendTo('#f2_47672');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_47512>a').appendTo('#f1_47512');}else{$('#f1_47512>a').appendTo('#f2_47512');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_47506>a').appendTo('#f1_47506');}else{$('#f1_47506>a').appendTo('#f2_47506');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_47484>a').appendTo('#f1_47484');}else{$('#f1_47484>a').appendTo('#f2_47484');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_47475>a').appendTo('#f1_47475');}else{$('#f1_47475>a').appendTo('#f2_47475');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_49693>a').appendTo('#f1_49693');}else{$('#f1_49693>a').appendTo('#f2_49693');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});bxs_create('tbtvrelated',{xxl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},xl:{slides:4,margin:20,width:224},lg:{slides:3,margin:10,width:260},md:{slides:3,margin:5,width:200},sm:{slides:2,margin:30,width:215},xs:{slides:2,margin:10,width:275}});$(function(){bxs_activate('tbtvrelated');});$(function(){$('#cb-form').on('shown.bs.modal',function(){$('#inputUserName').focus();})}); /*! inlined from /templates/mdb_2018/js/custom.min.js by ntb_minifier */ $(window).scroll(function(){if($(document).scrollTop()>50){$("nav").addClass("shrink");$(".logolarge").addClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".logosmall").removeClass("d-md-none");$(".add").hide()}else{$("nav").removeClass("shrink");$(".logosmall").addClass("d-md-none");$(".logolarge").removeClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".add").show()}});var _extraWatchParams=_extraWatchParams||[];_extraWatchParams.projectId='eed06b3a-9b31-4a14-a667-1115812e9f4e';(function(){var ew=document.createElement('script');ew.type='text/javascript';ew.async=true;ew.src='https://agent.extrawatch.com/agent/js/ew.js';var s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(ew,s);})();_linkedin_partner_id="3077140";window._linkedin_data_partner_ids=window._linkedin_data_partner_ids||[];window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);(function(l){if(!l){window.lintrk=function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])};window.lintrk.q=[]} var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];var b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=true;b.src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(b,s);})(window.lintrk); </script> </body> </html>