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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" > 18 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_(1939)" title="تسلسل أحداث الحرب العالمية الثانية في عام (1939) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسلسل أحداث الحرب العالمية الثانية في عام (1939)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hronologija_Drugog_svjetskog_rata_(1939)" title="Hronologija Drugog svjetskog rata (1939) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hronologija Drugog svjetskog rata (1939)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie_des_Zweiten_Weltkrieges#1939" title="Chronologie des Zweiten Weltkrieges – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chronologie des Zweiten Weltkrieges" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Cronolog%C3%ADa_de_la_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial_(1939)" title="Anexo:Cronología de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Cronología de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempolinio_de_la_Dua_Mondmilito_(1939)" title="Tempolinio de la Dua Mondmilito (1939) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tempolinio de la Dua Mondmilito (1939)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerraren_kronologia_(1939)" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerraren kronologia (1939) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bigarren Mundu Gerraren kronologia (1939)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B9)" title="جدول زمانی جنگ جهانی دوم (۱۹۳۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول زمانی جنگ جهانی دوم (۱۹۳۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C_(1939%EB%85%84)" title="제2차 세계 대전 연표 (1939년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 세계 대전 연표 (1939년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urutan_waktu_Perang_Dunia_II_(1939)" title="Urutan waktu Perang Dunia II (1939) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Urutan waktu Perang Dunia II (1939)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologia_della_seconda_guerra_mondiale_(1939)" title="Cronologia della seconda guerra mondiale (1939) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cronologia della seconda guerra mondiale (1939)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otr%C4%81_pasaules_kara_hronolo%C4%A3ija_(1939)" title="Otrā pasaules kara hronoloģija (1939) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Otrā pasaules kara hronoloģija (1939)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_gebeurtenissen_tijdens_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog:_1939" title="Lijst van gebeurtenissen tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog: 1939 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van gebeurtenissen tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog: 1939" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1939%E5%B9%B4)" title="第二次世界大戦の年表 (1939年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第二次世界大戦の年表 (1939年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologia_da_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial_(1939)" title="Cronologia da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cronologia da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_(1939_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Хроника Второй мировой войны (1939 год) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хроника Второй мировой войны (1939 год)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_(1939)" title="ลำดับเหตุการณ์สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง (1939) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลำดับเหตุการณ์สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง (1939)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%AAn_bi%E1%BB%83u_Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_th%E1%BB%A9_hai_(1939)" title="Niên biểu Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai (1939) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Niên biểu Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai (1939)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8_(1939%E5%B9%B4)" title="第二次世界大战年表 (1939年) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二次世界大战年表 (1939年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1077322#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">List of significant events occurring during World War II in 1939</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timeline_of_World_War_II_1939_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Timeline_of_World_War_II_1939_collage.jpg/220px-Timeline_of_World_War_II_1939_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Timeline_of_World_War_II_1939_collage.jpg/330px-Timeline_of_World_War_II_1939_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Timeline_of_World_War_II_1939_collage.jpg/440px-Timeline_of_World_War_II_1939_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>1939, clockwise from top left: <a href="/wiki/Captain_Juutilainen" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Juutilainen">Captain Juutilainen</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kollaa" title="Battle of Kollaa">Battle of Kollaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Courageous_(50)" title="HMS Courageous (50)">HMS Courageous (50)</a> (pictured) sunk by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-29_(1936)" title="German submarine U-29 (1936)">U-29</a>, Hitler reviews a <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> victory parade following the successful invasion of Poland, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">sigma</a> Army soldiers at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">Battle of Changsha</a> </figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945 onwards</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By topic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_Battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World War II Battles">Battles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By theatre</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">Battle of Europe air operations</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Eastern_Front_of_World_War_II" title="Timeline of the Eastern Front of World War II">Eastern Front</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Manhattan_Project" title="Timeline of the Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom home front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_surrender_of_Axis_forces_at_the_end_of_World_War_II" title="Timeline of the surrender of Axis forces at the end of World War II">Surrender of the Axis armies</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_timelines" title="Template talk:WWII timelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_timelines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII timelines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Navigation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Campaigns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Equipment</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_II" title="Historiography of World War II">Historiography</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TopicTOC-World_War_II" title="Template:TopicTOC-World War II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TopicTOC-World_War_II" title="Template talk:TopicTOC-World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TopicTOC-World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TopicTOC-World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> This is a timeline of events of World War II in 1939 from the start of the war on 1 September 1939. For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_preceding_World_War_II" title="Timeline of events preceding World War II">timeline of events preceding World War II</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> on 1 September 1939 brought many countries into the war. This event, and the declaration of war by France and Britain two days later, mark the beginning of World War II. After the declaration of war, Western Europe saw minimal land and air warfare, leading to this time period being termed the "<a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a>". At sea, this time period saw the opening stages of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a>. In eastern Europe, however, the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">agreement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany</a> signed on 23 August opened the way in September for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet Union's invasion of eastern Poland</a>, which was <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Frontier_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Soviet Frontier Treaty">divided between the two countries</a> before the end of the month. The Soviet Union began a new military offensive by <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">invading Finland</a> at the end of November. The war in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">reached a stalemate</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">increasing clashes between Japan and the Soviet Union</a> ended when the two parties agreed in September on a ceasefire. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1119456059">.mw-parser-output .tocnumber{display:none}.mw-parser-output #toc ul,.mw-parser-output .toc ul{line-height:1.5em;list-style:none;margin:.3em 0 0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist #toc ul ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist .toc ul ul{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097603156">.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center{clear:none}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center .toc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-right{clear:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-none{clear:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist horizontal-toc"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="September">September</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: September">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ww2_allied_axis_1939_sep.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ww2_allied_axis_1939_sep.PNG/300px-Ww2_allied_axis_1939_sep.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ww2_allied_axis_1939_sep.PNG/450px-Ww2_allied_axis_1939_sep.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ww2_allied_axis_1939_sep.PNG/600px-Ww2_allied_axis_1939_sep.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>The Allies and Axis powers at the dawn of the German/Soviet invasion of Poland</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1 September <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> are involved in the early stages of the third year of armed conflict between them during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. The war is in what will be known as the "Second Period", which begins after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wuhan" title="Battle of Wuhan">fall of Wuhan</a> in October 1938 and ends in December 1941 with <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>. This conflict will eventually be swept up into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> when Japan joins the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> and China joins the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitter2013173-1">[1]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> starts at 4:45 a.m. when the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_battleships_of_Germany" title="List of battleships of Germany">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/SMS_Schleswig-Holstein" title="SMS Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> opens fire on the <a href="/wiki/Westerplatte" title="Westerplatte">Polish military transit depot</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Westerplatte" title="Battle of Westerplatte">Westerplatte</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, but the attack is repulsed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKochanski201259-2">[2]</a> At the same time the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">attacks several targets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a>, among them <a href="/wiki/Wielu%C5%84" title="Wieluń">Wieluń</a>, the first town in the war to be <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wielu%C5%84" title="Bombing of Wieluń">carpet bombed by the Germans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKochanski201261–62-3">[3]</a> Shortly before 6:00 a.m., the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">German Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Border" title="Battle of the Border">passes the Polish border</a> in great numbers from north and south, together with <a href="/wiki/Slovak_invasion_of_Poland" title="Slovak invasion of Poland">Slovak units</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011195-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart197028–29-5">[5]</a></li> <li>In the same day, the Free City of Danzig is <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> by Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaierRohdeStegemannUmbreit1991103-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Resisters <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Polish_Post_Office_in_Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense of the Polish Post Office in Danzig">entrenched in Danzig's Polish Post Office</a> are overwhelmed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKochanski201259-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> cites alleged Polish border attacks that happened during the <a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkell200776-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a> as a reason for war during his <a href="/wiki/1_September_1939_Reichstag_speech" title="1 September 1939 Reichstag speech">1 September 1939 Reichstag speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoorhouse201916–17-8">[8]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Italian government</a> announces that it will maintain a condition of "<a href="/wiki/Non-belligerent" title="Non-belligerent">non-belligerence</a>" in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Felice1996670–674-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a> immediately declare their neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrecherWilkenfeld1997393-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199384-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Portugal</a> proclaims that it will remain neutral in the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginbogin2009126-12">[12]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a> passes an emergency military <a href="/wiki/Budget" title="Budget">budget</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuroselle2004409-13">[13]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">War Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hore-Belisha" title="Leslie Hore-Belisha">Leslie Hore-Belisha</a> orders the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> to begin the general <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManchester1988519-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">In a mass evacuation effort</a> (code named "operation Pied Piper") the British authorities relocate 1,473,000 children and adults from the cities to the countryside. The adults involved were teachers, people with disabilities and their helpers, mothers with preschool children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelshman201043–47-15">[15]</a></li> <li>Acting on account of their governments, the ambassadors of <a href="/wiki/Interwar_France" title="Interwar France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Britain</a> demand the German government to cease all hostile activities and to withdraw its troops from Poland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaierRohdeStegemannUmbreit1991103-6">[6]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> sends an appeal to all <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> powers involved in the crisis asking them to abstain from bombing civilian and unfortified cities. Germany's <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, answers immediately assuring the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Germany" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Germany">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Comstock_Kirk" title="Alexander Comstock Kirk">Alexander C. Kirk</a> that the Luftwaffe will only attack military targets. The British <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> also promises to abide to the request, as does Poland's ambassador to the US <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Antoni_Potocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerzy Antoni Potocki">Jerzy Antoni Potocki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOvery2013237-16">[16]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a> initiate the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tannenberg" title="Operation Tannenberg">Operation Tannenberg</a> in Poland, which would kill around 20,000 selected Poles in two months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewing2022141–142-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(wartime)" title="Blackout (wartime)">Wartime blackouts</a> are put in place throughout Britain, Germany and France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiggam20181-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldoliKnapp201270-19">[19]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak State</a> suspends the country's <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStahel2018114-20">[20]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>2 September <ul><li>Right after Britain, the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a> also approves an emergency war budget.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuroselle2004411-21">[21]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1937%E2%80%931939)" title="National Government (1937–1939)">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">French</a> governments agree on issuing an ultimatum to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> the following day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuroselle2004414-22">[22]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss government</a> proceeds to a general mobilization of its forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz198019-23">[23]</a></li> <li>The Irish State's <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> approves a <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">state of emergency</a>, paving the way to legislation that vastly enhances the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">government</a>'s powers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood201030-24">[24]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> begins its general <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander2002320-25">[25]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>3 September <ul><li>At 9:00 a.m. the British ambassador to Berlin <a href="/wiki/Nevile_Henderson" title="Nevile Henderson">Nevile Henderson</a> is instructed by the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> to deliver an ultimatum to Germany which expired without answer at 11:00 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrazmowska2004181-26">[26]</a></li> <li>At 11:15 a.m. <a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="British Standard Time">British Standard Time</a> (BST) the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war on Germany (1939)">announces to the public that Britain is at war with Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECull199633-27">[27]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Service_(Armed_Forces)_Act_1939" title="National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939">National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939</a> is approved and enforces <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conscription in the United Kingdom">full conscription</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> on all able-bodied males between 18 and 41 resident in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroad2006223-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowson1997178-29">[29]</a></li> <li>In Britain, Chamberlain forms a new <a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_war_ministry" title="Chamberlain war ministry">war ministry</a> with a smaller and more powerful <a href="/wiki/War_cabinet" title="War cabinet">war cabinet</a> within composed of nine <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a> (Chamberlain, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Sir Samuel Hoare</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Sir John Simon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Lord Halifax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hore-Belisha" title="Leslie Hore-Belisha">Leslie Hore-Belisha</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Wood" title="Kingsley Wood">Kingsley Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernle_Chatfield,_1st_Baron_Chatfield" title="Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield">Lord Chatfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hankey,_1st_Baron_Hankey" title="Maurice Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey">Lord Hankey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill1991104–105-30">[30]</a></li> <li>During its first meeting, Britain's war cabinet appoints general <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside,_1st_Baron_Ironside" title="Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside">Sir Edmund Ironside</a> as head of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Imperial General Staff</a> and general <a href="/wiki/John_Vereker,_6th_Viscount_Gort" title="John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort">Viscount Gort</a> head of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOvery2010104-31">[31]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">British Viceroy</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Lord Linlithgow</a> also declares war on Germany without consulting <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian nationalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells2014177-32">[32]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a> declares that the country is at war with Germany due to Britain's choice, and a similar war declaration against Germany is made by <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>'s government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney201835-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> declares war on Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHigh201024-34">[34]</a></li> <li>At 12:00 p.m. the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Government</a> delivers a similar final ultimatum to Germany which at 5:00 p.m. also expires unanswered, <a href="/wiki/French_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)" title="French declaration of war on Germany (1939)">thus bringing France in the war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamthwaite201194-35">[35]</a></li> <li>Within hours of the British declaration of War, <a href="/wiki/SS_Athenia_(1922)" title="SS Athenia (1922)">SS Athenia</a>, a British cruise ship en route from <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, UK, to <a href="/wiki/Montreal,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal, Quebec">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_maritime_disasters_in_World_War_II" title="List of maritime disasters in World War II">is torpedoed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">German submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-30_(1936)" title="German submarine U-30 (1936)">U-30</a> 250 miles (400 km) Northwest of Ireland. 112 passengers and crew members are killed. The "<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a>" starts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley20193–4-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1939)" title="Bloody Sunday (1939)">"Bloody Sunday"</a>: accused of having shot at Polish troops, about 1,000 <a href="/wiki/German_minority_in_Poland" title="German minority in Poland">ethnic German civilians</a> are killed in the Polish city of <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaierRohdeStegemannUmbreit1991138-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> declares the nation's neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood20101-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a> declare their neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrecherWilkenfeld1997393-10">[10]</a></li> <li>German authorities order U-boats to immediately take action against all British ships, but sparing French ships and in strict observance of <a href="/wiki/Prize_(law)" title="Prize (law)">prize rules</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair200074-39">[39]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Navy" title="Polish Navy">Polish</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/ORP_Wicher_(1928)" title="ORP Wicher (1928)">ORP Wicher</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">minelayer</a> <a href="/wiki/ORP_Gryf_(1936)" title="ORP Gryf (1936)">ORP Gryf</a> are sunk in the Polish port of <a href="/wiki/Hel,_Poland" title="Hel, Poland">Hel</a> by the Luftwaffe, making them the first warships to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_September_1939" title="List of shipwrecks in September 1939">sunk in the war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201921-40">[40]</a></li> <li>In Britain's first military action, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">Bomber Command</a> sends out 27 planes to bomb the Kriegsmarine, but they turn back before having been able to find any targets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolland2016117–118-41">[41]</a> Overnight ten <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Whitley" title="Armstrong Whitworth Whitley">Whitleys</a> made the first of many 'nickel raids' in <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> in which the planes dropped propaganda leaflets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelve2005162-42">[42]</a></li> <li>Further answering to Roosevelt's plea the British and French present a joint formal declaration stating that the Allied bombers would attack only military targets unless Germany begins indiscriminate civilian bombings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOvery2013237-16">[16]</a></li> <li>Poland permits <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> to create a <a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Legion" title="Czech and Slovak Legion">Czechoslovak Legion</a> to fight Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011195-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>4 September <ul><li>In Poland the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="3rd Army (Wehrmacht)">Third German Army</a> from <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a> links with units from German <a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a>, thus covering the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Danzig Corridor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaierRohdeStegemannUmbreit1991103-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In the first British raid of the war, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>'s send 15 <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim">Blenheim</a> bombers to launch a bombing raid on the German fleet in the <a href="/wiki/Heligoland_Bight" title="Heligoland Bight">Heligoland Bight</a>. They target the German pocket-battleship <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Scheer" title="German cruiser Admiral Scheer">Admiral Scheer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Emden" title="German cruiser Emden">Emden</a> anchored off <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a>. Seven aircraft are lost in the attack and, although the Admiral Scheer is hit three times, all of the bombs fail to explode.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolland2016118-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr2013227–229-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobuyuki_Abe" title="Nobuyuki Abe">Nobuyuki Abe</a> sends a formal note to all belligerents and neutrals announcing it would remain neutral and "avoid becoming involved" in the European conflict; instead it will concentrate on "settling the China incident".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMauch201198-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">caudillo</a> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> states that he will observe "strict neutrality" in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWylie2002246-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> proclaims its neutrality in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199384-11">[11]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Imperial State of Iran</a> officially announces its intention to remain neutral in the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAboul-EneinAboul-Enein2013105-47">[47]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South African</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Hertzog" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Hertzog">Barry Hertzog</a> motion to remain neutral in the war is defeated in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(South_Africa)" title="House of Assembly (South Africa)">Assembly</a> 80 votes against 67. At this point, Hertzog goes to the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Duncan_(South_African_politician)" title="Patrick Duncan (South African politician)">Patrick Duncan</a> and asks him to call a new election, which Duncan refuses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney201835-33">[33]</a></li> <li>The first advance parties of the British Expeditionary Force arrive in France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmalley201517-48">[48]</a></li> <li>After the sinking of the Athenia Hitler forbids any attack on passenger ships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair200068-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infamous_Decade" title="Infamous Decade">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Brazil)" title="Estado Novo (Brazil)">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a> proclaim their intention to remain neutral in the European war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphreys2016190-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelazquez-Flores2022103-51">[51]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>5 September <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Registration_Act_1939" title="National Registration Act 1939">National Registration Act 1939</a> is passed in Britain permitting to establish a register on the whole population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney2018236-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Duncan calls on the politician <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a> to attempt to form a Cabinet and replace Hertzog as Prime Minister of South Africa, which he successfully does.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney201835-33">[33]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> states its neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWylie2002222-53">[53]</a></li> <li>The British freighter <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Bosnia_(1928)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Bosnia (1928) (page does not exist)">SS Bosnia</a> becomes the first merchant ship sunk in the battle of the Atlantic when it gets targeted off the coast of Portugal by the U-boat <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-47_(1938)" title="German submarine U-47 (1938)">U-47</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201527–28-54">[54]</a></li> <li>The United States publicly declares neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels201636-55">[55]</a></li> <li>Following the administration's declaration of neutrality, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">American President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> orders to put together a <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Patrol" title="Neutrality Patrol">Neutrality Patrol</a> which must observe and report any belligerent forces by patrolling the United States Atlantic coast and the Caribbean.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison200114–15-56">[56]</a></li> <li>Following a mutual request by <a href="/wiki/Argentina_during_World_War_II" title="Argentina during World War II">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931973)" title="Presidential Republic (1925–1973)">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela_during_World_War_II" title="Venezuela during World War II">Venezuela</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panama during World War II (page does not exist)">Panama</a> sends invitations for a <a href="/wiki/Panama_Conference" title="Panama Conference">conference of American foreign ministers</a> to be held at <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> on the current war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphreys201643-57">[57]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> cuts its <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="Germany–Iraq relations">diplomatic relations with Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESassoon201210-58">[58]</a></li> <li>Britain terminates its <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)#Diplomatic_recognition" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">diplomatic recognition of Slovakia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirschbaum2007xlii-59">[59]</a></li> <li>Germany's <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> makes clear <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">that no hostile actions against Romania</a> will be tolerared by the Reich.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000108-60">[60]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>6 September <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, now under Prime Minister Jan Smuts, declares war on Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStultz197461-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWylie2002222-53">[53]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a> cuts its <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Egypt–Germany relations">diplomatic ties with Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorewood2005169-62">[62]</a></li> <li>In the so-called <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barking_Creek" title="Battle of Barking Creek">battle of Barking Creek</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a> incident, due to the misidentification as hostile of an incoming team of eleven <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hurricanes</a>, two aircraft are shot down and the first British <a href="/wiki/Fighter_pilot" title="Fighter pilot">fighter pilot</a> killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay201043-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoughRichards199066–67-64">[64]</a></li> <li>In southern Poland The <a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="14th Army (Wehrmacht)">14th German army</a> takes Kraków virtually unopposed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaierRohdeStegemannUmbreit1991107-65">[65]</a></li> <li>As a protection against U-boats, the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> orders the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoy</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201514-66">[66]</a></li> <li>The British fleet starts the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)">naval blockade on shipping</a> directed to Germany by the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Patrol" title="Northern Patrol">Northern Patrol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllemanPaine2006122-67">[67]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Crown_Council_of_Romania" title="Crown Council of Romania">Crown Council of Romania</a> votes in favour of the country's neutrality in the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000108-60">[60]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>7 September: France's commander in chief <a href="/wiki/Army_general_(France)" title="Army general (France)">general</a> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gamelin" title="Maurice Gamelin">Maurice Gamelin</a> begins <a href="/wiki/Saar_Offensive" title="Saar Offensive">a limited offensive</a> into the German <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> territory involving <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_divisions_in_World_War_II" title="List of French divisions in World War II">ten divisions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200475-68">[68]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>8 September <ul><li>Britain establishes the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Food" title="Minister of Food">Ministry of Food</a> to monitor the supply and distribution of food.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201525-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">Roosevelt proclaims</a> "a limited national emergency", increasing military spending and expanding the size of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels201637-70">[70]</a></li> <li>The Germans begin what will be the systematic mining of the British waters by the mining of <a href="/wiki/Portland_Harbour" title="Portland Harbour">Portland Harbour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair200083-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Britain formally announces that <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a> is to be considered a territory under <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">German occupation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmetana2008171-72">[72]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>10 September <ul><li>After passing both <a href="/wiki/18th_Canadian_Parliament" title="18th Canadian Parliament">Houses</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canadian parliament</a> by unanimous consent <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">W. L. Mackenzie King</a> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_declaration_of_war_on_Germany" title="Canadian declaration of war on Germany">declares war on Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney201835-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> is hit for the first time by <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Warsaw_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Warsaw in World War II">bombing raids</a>. In just that single day twelve raids target the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKochanski201262-73">[73]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_World_War_II" title="List of submarines of World War II">first submarine</a> is sunk in the conflict when the <a href="/wiki/British_T-class_submarine" title="British T-class submarine">British submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Triton_(N15)" title="HMS Triton (N15)">HMS Triton</a> sinks the British <a href="/wiki/Odin-class_submarine" title="Odin-class submarine">submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Oxley" title="HMS Oxley">HMS Oxley</a> mistaking her for a U-Boat, leaving only two survivors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor201240-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair200074-39">[39]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>11 September <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Lord Linlithgow</a> announces to the two houses of the Indian Legislature (the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(India)" title="Council of State (India)">Council of State</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a>) that the plans for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Federation of India</a> will be postponed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon201560-75">[75]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a> cuts its <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Germany–Saudi Arabia relations">diplomatic relations with Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAboul-EneinAboul-Enein2013133-76">[76]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a> <a href="/wiki/Refik_Saydam" title="Refik Saydam">Refik Saydam</a> informs the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Parliament</a> that <a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Turkey</a> will remain neutral for the time being.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2016390-77">[77]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>12 September <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gamelin" title="Maurice Gamelin">General Gamelin</a> orders to halt to the French <a href="/wiki/Saar_Offensive" title="Saar Offensive">Saar Offensive</a> into Germany after having taken only a handful of villages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200475-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Ribbentrop demands from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Romanian government</a> to immediately interrupt the free passage of war supplies to Poland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000111-78">[78]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>13 September <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> suffers its first casualties in <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Protectorate_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="French Protectorate in Morocco">Morocco</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Pluton" title="French cruiser Pluton">minelaying cruiser Pluton</a> explodes due to an accident killing 215 people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr201364-79">[79]</a></li> <li>The Polish submarine <a href="/wiki/ORP_Orze%C5%82_(1938)" title="ORP Orzeł (1938)">ORP Orzeł</a> enters for repairs <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> harbour in neutral Estonia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr201353-80">[80]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>14 September <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Army_(Japan)" title="Eleventh Army (Japan)">Eleventh Army</a> moving from <a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a> and supported by divisions from <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> begins a major offensive to take the Chinese city of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">Changsha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacri2012166-81">[81]</a></li> <li>British Destroyers escorting the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ark_Royal_(91)" title="HMS Ark Royal (91)">HMS Ark Royal</a> sink the <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-39_(1938)" title="German submarine U-39 (1938)">U-39</a> after the U-boat's attack against the <a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_carriers_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy">carrier</a> failed. It was the first sinking of a German U-boat in WW II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201922-82">[82]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83linescu_cabinet" title="Călinescu cabinet">Romanian cabinet</a> under intense German pressure decides that the Polish military and civilian leaderships would be interned if they were to evacuate in Romania.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000111-78">[78]</a></li> <li>Romanian authorities drastically limit the passage through the country of war materials to be sent to Poland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000111-78">[78]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>15 September <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Kingdom of Bulgaria</a> formally announces its neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWylie2002202-83">[83]</a></li> <li>The Estonian authorities intern the Polish submarine <a href="/wiki/ORP_Orze%C5%82_(1938)" title="ORP Orzeł (1938)">ORP Orzeł</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199388-84">[84]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German Army</a> complete the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1939)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1939)">encirclement of Warsaw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody200443-85">[85]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>16 September <ul><li>The first <a href="/wiki/HX_convoys" title="HX convoys">eastbound transatlantic convoy</a> sets sail from <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, Canada, towards <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, UK. 357 such HX convoys will follow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201986-86">[86]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">recognizes</a> <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> the Slovak State.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011195–196-87">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Romania" title="List of heads of government of Romania">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a> <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Germany–Romania relations">offers to the Germans a deal</a> where in exchange for providing Romanians with captured Polish weapons, they would guarantee to give much <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry_in_Romania" title="Petrochemical industry in Romania">larger amounts of oil</a> and wheat so as to meet Germany's war needs for the years to come.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000109-88">[88]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>17 September <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">invades Poland from the east</a>, occupying the territory east of the <a href="/wiki/Curzon_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Curzon line">Curzon line</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> and Eastern <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Central_Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia (Central Europe)">Galicia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwanstonSwanston201039-89">[89]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_carriers_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft carriers of World War II">British aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Courageous_(50)" title="HMS Courageous (50)">HMS Courageous</a> is torpedoed and sunk by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-29_(1936)" title="German submarine U-29 (1936)">U-29</a> on patrol off the coast of Ireland, causing the death of 514 aboard; it represented the first major warship to be sunk in the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201922-82">[82]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>18 September <ul><li>The Polish government and the High Command leave Poland for <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> where they are immediately <a href="/wiki/Interned" class="mw-redirect" title="Interned">interned</a>, including the President <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Mo%C5%9Bcicki" title="Ignacy Mościcki">Ignacy Mościcki</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rydz-%C5%9Amig%C5%82y" title="Edward Rydz-Śmigły">Edward Rydz-Śmigły</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoorhouse2019226–227-90">[90]</a></li> <li>Russian forces reach <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brest-Litovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Brest-Litovsk">Brest-Litovsk</a>.</li> <li>The Polish submarine <a href="/wiki/Orze%C5%82_incident" title="Orzeł incident">ORP Orzeł escapes</a> from internment and leaves the <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> bay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199388-84">[84]</a></li> <li>The Soviet <a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">news agency</a> <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a> accuses the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Estonia" title="Government of Estonia">Estonian government</a> of having deliberately permitted the Orzeł of escaping internment and also alleges the existence of other Polish submarines hidden in other <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199388-84">[84]</a></li> <li>The French Army completes its sixteen-day long mobilization.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander2002320-25">[25]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>19 September <ul><li>The German and Soviet armies link up near <a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest Litovsk</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)">People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR</a> <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> informs the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Estonia_to_Russia" title="List of ambassadors of Estonia to Russia">Estonian Minister in Moscow</a> <a href="/wiki/August_Rei" title="August Rei">August Rei</a> that the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Fleet</a> will search for the Orzeł throughout the Baltic, including in Estonian <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199388-84">[84]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>20 September: The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">violate Estonia's airspace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarulis1959149-91">[91]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>21 September: Romanian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a> is <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Assassination of Armand Călinescu">assassinated</a> by members of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">revolutionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascist</a> group.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000110-92">[92]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>22 September: The <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Estonia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)">Estonian Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Selter" title="Karl Selter">Karl Selter</a> is invited to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> to sign a previously discussed Soviet-Estonian <a href="/wiki/Trade_agreement" title="Trade agreement">trade agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarulis1959149-91">[91]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>23 September: The Estonian government decides to send Karl Selter to Moscow following the Soviet request.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199389-93">[93]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>24 September <ul><li>The 6th and 13th Divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> drive the Chinese <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> out of the <a href="/wiki/Xiangjiang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangjiang River">Xiangjiang River</a> area during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">Battle of Changsha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDreyer2013236–237-94">[94]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer_der_Unterseeboote" title="Führer der Unterseeboote">Führer der Unterseeboote</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a> greatly relaxes prize rules ordering the sinking without warning of merchant ships that send signals by radio and the attack on smaller Allied passenger ships. He also opens the war on French shipping.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201540-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair200095–96-96">[96]</a></li> <li>In Moscow Molotov asks from the Estonian delegation a mutual assistance pact which would give the Soviets naval and air bases. If the Soviet Union doesn't get military bases in Estonia, it will be compelled “to use force against Estonia”.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe199389-93">[93]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>25 September <ul><li>At the opening in <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> of the Pan-American conference of ministers of foreign affairs the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Under Secretary of State">U.S. Under Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Sumner_Welles" title="Sumner Welles">Sumner Welles</a> asks for their support of a Patrol Zone covering the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison200114–15-56">[56]</a></li> <li>Soviet air activity in Estonia. Soviet troops along the Estonian border include 600 tanks, 600 aircraft and 160 000 men.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>26 September <ul><li>Following a massive artillery bombardment, the Germans launch a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1939)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1939)">major infantry assault on the centre of Warsaw</a>.</li> <li>Russian bombers seen in the Tallinn sky.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> attacks the <a href="/wiki/Home_Fleet" title="Home Fleet">Home Fleet</a> between <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Skaggerak" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaggerak">Skaggerak</a> with limited success; on the occasion a <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_18" title="Dornier Do 18">Dornier Do 18</a> is shot down by a <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Skua" title="Blackburn Skua">Blackburn Skua</a> from the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal, making it the first German plane shot down by the British.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201924-97">[97]</a> <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWragg200766-98">[98]</a></li> <li>Hitler orders the <a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_cruiser" title="Deutschland-class cruiser">pocket battleships</a> <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Deutschland" title="German cruiser Deutschland">Deutschland</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Graf_Spee" title="German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee">Admiral Graf Spee</a> to go on a long-range rampage in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> against <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">allied</a> <a href="/wiki/Losses_during_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Losses during the Battle of the Atlantic">shipping</a>, the former going to the Northern Atlantic and the latter to the Southern.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESymonds201819-99">[99]</a></li> <li>The Japanese army successfully crosses the <a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting Lake</a>, thus cutting by more than half the distance from the army's target, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Chinese</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDreyer2013237-100">[100]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>27 September: In the first military operations by the German Army in Western Europe, guns on the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a> open up on villages behind French <a href="/wiki/Maginot_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Maginot line">Maginot line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwanstonSwanston201044-101">[101]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>28 September <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Frontier_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Soviet Frontier Treaty">German–Soviet Frontier Treaty</a> is signed by Molotov and Ribbentrop. The secret protocol specifies the details of partition of Poland originally defined in <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> (August 23, 1939) and adds Lithuania to the Soviet Union sphere of interest.</li> <li>The remaining Polish army and militia in the centre of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> capitulate to the Germans.</li> <li>Soviet troops mass by the Latvian border. Latvian air space violated.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> signs a <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Estonian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty">10-year Mutual Assistance Pact</a> with the Soviet Union, which allows the Soviets to have 30 000-men military bases in Estonia. As a gift in return Stalin promises to respect Estonian independence.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Argetoianu_cabinet" title="Argetoianu cabinet">new government</a> is formed in Romania under the leadership of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Constantin Argetoianu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000111-78">[78]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>30 September: <a href="/wiki/Captain_at_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain at sea">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Wilhelm_Langsdorff" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Wilhelm Langsdorff">Langsdorff</a>'s Admiral Graf Spee <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">sinks its first merchant ship</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_(United_Kingdom)" title="Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">freighter</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Clement" title="SS Clement">SS Clement</a> while off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESymonds201819–20-102">[102]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="October">October</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: October">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1 October <ul><li>The Chinese <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> at Changsha begins a counteroffensive that targets the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Imperial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Imperial Army">Japanese army</a>'s overextended lines of communication.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacri2012167-103">[103]</a></li> <li>Latvian representatives negotiate with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Molotov</a>. Soviets threaten an occupation by force if they do not get military bases in Latvia.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>2 October <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Security_Zone" title="Pan-American Security Zone">Declaration of Panama</a> is approved by the American republics. Belligerent activities should not take place within waters adjacent to the American continent. A neutrality zone of some 300 miles (480 km) in breadth is to be patrolled by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison200114–15-56">[56]</a></li> <li>In the name of a yet to be put in place <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak provisional government</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Osusk%C3%BD" title="Štefan Osuský">Štefan Osuský</a>, signs a deal with the French government for the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak army">Czechoslovak army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011195-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>3 October <ul><li>British forces move to take over part of the frontier defenses manned by French troops.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmalley201519-104">[104]</a></li> <li>Lithuanians meet <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Molotov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Stalin offers <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> the city of <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> (in Poland) in return for allowing Soviet military bases in Lithuania. The Lithuanians are reluctant.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>4 October: The <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of France during World War II">French forces</a> retreat from the <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> in Germany, and return behind the <a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200475-68">[68]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>5 October <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> signs a <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Latvian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty">10-year Mutual Assistance Pact</a> with the Soviet Union, which allows the Soviets to have 25,000 men in military bases in Latvia. Stalin promises to respect Latvian independence.</li> <li>Reacting to the news that <a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_cruiser" title="Deutschland-class cruiser">German surface raiders</a> are targeting commercial shipping, the British <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff">First Sea Lord</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Pound" title="Dudley Pound">Dudley Pound</a> orders the creation of eight hunting forces together with the French to scout the Atlantic and destroy the surface raiders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford201413–14-105">[105]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>6 October: Polish resistance in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Polish September Campaign</a> comes to an end. <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> <a href="/wiki/6_October_1939_Reichstag_speech" title="6 October 1939 Reichstag speech">speaks before the Reichstag</a>, declaring a desire for a conference with Britain and France to restore peace.</li></ul> <ul><li>8 October: in a major victory the Chinese army inflicts heavy losses to the Japanese at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">Changsha</a> forcing them to retreat to Yueyang.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDreyer2013237-100">[100]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>9 October <ul><li>Germany issues orders (<a href="/wiki/Case_Yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Case Yellow">Case Yellow</a>) to prepare for the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, France, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Deutschland" title="German cruiser Deutschland">German cruiser Deutschland</a> seizes the American freighter <a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Flint_(1919)" title="SS City of Flint (1919)">SS City of Flint</a> and its crew, accusing them of <a href="/wiki/Contraband" title="Contraband">contraband</a>. Led by a <a href="/wiki/Prize_crew" title="Prize crew">prize crew</a> the ship is ordered to go to Germany, causing a diplomatic incident with the United States and igniting American public opinion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199645-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2012135–136-107">[107]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>10 October <ul><li>The last of Poland's military surrenders to the Germans.</li> <li>The leaders of the German navy suggest to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> they need to occupy <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>.</li> <li>British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> formally declines Hitler's peace offer in a speech held in the <a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">House of Commons</a>.</li> <li>Lithuania signs a <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty" title="Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty">15-year Mutual Assistance Pact</a> with the Soviet Union, which allows the Soviets to have 20,000 men in military bases in Lithuania. In a secret protocol, Vilnius is made Lithuanian territory.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>11 October <ul><li>An estimated 158,000 British troops are now in France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II of Romania</a> unsuccessfully asks from Germany to permit former Polish president <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Mo%C5%9Bcicki" title="Ignacy Mościcki">Ignacy Mościcki</a> to leave Romania for <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000112-108">[108]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>12 October <ul><li>French Premier <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Édouard Daladier</a> declines Hitler's offer of peace.</li> <li>Finland's representatives meet Stalin and Molotov in Moscow. Soviet Union demands Finland give up a military base near <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> and exchange some Soviet and Finnish territories to protect <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> against Great Britain or the eventual future threat of Germany.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>13 October: In the midst of the night the <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-47_(1938)" title="German submarine U-47 (1938)">U-47</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Prien" title="Günther Prien">Günther Prien</a> infiltrates <a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a> and sinks the British <a href="/wiki/List_of_battleships_of_World_War_II" title="List of battleships of World War II">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royal_Oak_(08)" title="HMS Royal Oak (08)">HMS Royal Oak</a>, killing 833 crewmen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201922-82">[82]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>14 October <ul><li>Finns meet Stalin again. Stalin tells them that "an accident" might happen between Finnish and Soviet troops, if the negotiations last too long.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The submarine <a href="/wiki/ORP_Orze%C5%82_(1938)" title="ORP Orzeł (1938)">ORP Orzeł</a> completes its voyage reaching the east coast of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr201353-80">[80]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>16 October: The Luftwaffe made its first air raid on Britain when it sent a dozen <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Junkers Ju 88</a> after ships off <a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a>, in particular the <a href="/wiki/List_of_battlecruisers_of_World_War_II" title="List of battlecruisers of World War II">battlecruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hood" title="HMS Hood">HMS Hood</a>. The raid was unsuccessful, failing to land any hits while the group commander <a href="/wiki/Helmuth_Pohle" title="Helmuth Pohle">Helmuth Pohle</a> was shot down.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201924-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr2013238–240-109">[109]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>17 October <ul><li>The Luftwaffe launches a new raid on Britain, this time targeting the British fleet anchored at <a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a>, again with limited success, with only the <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">decommissioned</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Iron_Duke_(1912)" title="HMS Iron Duke (1912)">HMS Iron Duke</a> being hit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201924-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr2013240–241-110">[110]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak National Committee</a> is put in place in Paris by <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> with the goal of creating an internationally recognized government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmetana2008180-111">[111]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>18 October: <ul><li>First Soviet forces enter Estonia. During the Umsiedlung, 12,600 <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a> leave Estonia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> starts deporting Jews from Austria and Czechoslovakia into Poland, executing the <a href="/wiki/Nisko_Plan" title="Nisko Plan">Nisko Plan</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>19 October: Portions of Poland are formally inducted into Germany; the first Jewish <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">ghetto</a> is <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Ghetto" title="Lublin Ghetto">established at Lublin</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>20 October <ul><li>The "<a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a>": French troops settle in the Maginot line's dormitories and tunnels; the British build new fortifications along the "gap" between the Maginot line and the Channel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>'s first <a href="/wiki/Summi_Pontificatus" title="Summi Pontificatus">encyclical</a> condemns racism and dictatorships.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Germany_to_Romania" title="List of ambassadors of Germany to Romania">Germany's minister to Romania</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Fabricius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Fabricius (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Fabricius</a> unsuccessfully attempts to coax Romania in renouncing to the guarantee given in March by Britain to support them if invaded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000106-112">[112]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>21 October <ul><li>Registration begins in the United Kingdom in order to conscript all able-bodied males between 18 and 23.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowson1997178-29">[29]</a></li> <li>The German prize crew anchors the SS City of Flint in <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8" title="Tromsø">Tromsø</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, but are immediately ordered to limit their stay to less than twenty-four hours.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2012136-113">[113]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>23 October: The seized freighter City of Flint reaches <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Here the prize crew is forced to leave the ship, but the latter is not given permission to leave.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2012136–137-114">[114]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>26 October <ul><li>Germany annexes the former Polish regions of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciechan%C3%B3w" title="Ciechanów">Ciechanow</a> (Zichenau), part of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> and creates two new administrative districts, <a href="/wiki/Danzig-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig-West Prussia">Danzig-West Prussia</a> and Posen (later called <a href="/wiki/Wartheland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wartheland">District Wartheland</a> or Warthegau); the areas of occupied Poland not annexed directly by Germany or by the Soviet Union are placed under a German civilian administration called the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">Generalgouvernement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HE1939-115">[115]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Prime Minister of the Slovak State</a> <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Jozef Tiso</a> is elected President by the Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStahel2018114–115-116">[116]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>27 October <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> announces its neutrality in the present conflict.</li> <li>Jozef Tiso appoints <a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Tuka" title="Vojtech Tuka">Vojtech Tuka</a> Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirschbaum2007296-117">[117]</a></li> <li>The City of Flint is permitted to leave under the control of its prize crew despite the angry protests of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">Roosevelt administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2012137-118">[118]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>28 October <ul><li>Hitler, worried on one side by the protests received by the American and <a href="/wiki/Nygaardsvold%27s_Cabinet" title="Nygaardsvold's Cabinet">Norwegian governments</a>, and on the other by the danger of losing a warship with such a prestigious name, orders the Deutschland to return home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr2013251-119">[119]</a></li> <li>The anniversary of the birth of the <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a> is signed throughout the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> by a large number anti-Nazi protests. The German intervention causes the death of a demonstrator and the wounding of the student <a href="/wiki/Jan_Opletal" title="Jan Opletal">Jan Opletal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020124–125-120">[120]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>30 October: The British government releases a report on concentration camps being built in Europe for Jews and anti-Nazis.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>31 October: As Germany plans for an attack on France, German Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein" title="Erich von Manstein">Erich von Manstein</a> proposes that Germany should attack through the <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a> rather than through Belgium – the expected attack route.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="November">November</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: November">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1 November: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> annexes the eastern parts of occupied Poland into the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>1–2 November: The German physicist <a href="/wiki/Hans_Ferdinand_Mayer" title="Hans Ferdinand Mayer">Hans Ferdinand Mayer</a> compiles, while on a trip to <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Report" title="Oslo Report">Oslo Report</a>, containing important German secret military information.<a href="#cite_note-Hastings2.1-122">[122]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>3 November <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> again negotiate new borders. Finns mistrust Stalin's aims and refuse to give up territory breaking their defensive line.</li> <li>The seized City of Flint anchors at <a href="/wiki/Haugesund" title="Haugesund">Haugesund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, claiming medical reasons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2012138-123">[123]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>4 November <ul><li>Roosevelt signs into law the amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Acts_of_the_1930s" title="Neutrality Acts of the 1930s">Neutrality Act</a>: belligerents may buy arms from the United States, but on a strictly <a href="/wiki/Cash_and_carry_(World_War_II)" title="Cash and carry (World War II)">cash and carry</a> basis, banning the use of American ships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels201642-124">[124]</a></li> <li>Hans Mayer sends an anonymous letter to the British <a href="/wiki/Naval_attach%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval attaché">Naval attaché</a> in Oslo, Captain Hector Boyer, asking if the British wants information from Germany on present and future German weapons. If the answer is positive he requires that confirmation be given by a small change of the German version of the BBC World Service, which is done.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBollinger201142–43-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams201320-126">[126]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">German University in Prague</a> loses its autonomy and becomes a <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Universities in Nazi Germany">Reichsuniversität</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125-127">[127]</a></li> <li>The anchorage in Haugesund is judged a violation of international law by Norwegian authorities that during the night <a href="/wiki/HNoMS_Olav_Tryggvason" title="HNoMS Olav Tryggvason">board the ship</a> freeing the ship and interning the Germans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2012138-123">[123]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>5 November: Hans Mayer sends anonymously his report to the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_Kingdom,_Oslo" title="Embassy of the United Kingdom, Oslo">British Embassy in Norway</a>; from there it was sent for evaluation to <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Whitehall</a>, where it attracted the attention of <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Victor_Jones" title="Reginald Victor Jones">Reginald Victor Jones</a>, Assistant Director of Intelligence to the Air Ministry, despite the skepticism of many who suspected it being a German plant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBollinger201142–43-125">[125]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagiellonian_University_lecture_room_No._56_trap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jagiellonian_University_lecture_room_No._56_trap.jpg/220px-Jagiellonian_University_lecture_room_No._56_trap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jagiellonian_University_lecture_room_No._56_trap.jpg/330px-Jagiellonian_University_lecture_room_No._56_trap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jagiellonian_University_lecture_room_No._56_trap.jpg/440px-Jagiellonian_University_lecture_room_No._56_trap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_Krakau" title="Sonderaktion Krakau">Sonderaktion Krakau</a> begins when the Nazis detain 184 academics at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a> lecture room No. 66</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>6 November: <a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_Krakau" title="Sonderaktion Krakau">Sonderaktion Krakau</a>: In Krakow, Nazis detain and deport university professors to concentration camps.</li></ul> <ul><li>8 November: Hitler escapes a bomb blast in a Munich beerhall, where he was speaking on the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a> of 1923. British bombers coincidentally bomb Munich.</li></ul> <ul><li>9 November <ul><li>At an Anglo-French meeting held in <a href="/wiki/Varennes-en-Argonne" title="Varennes-en-Argonne">Varennes</a> general Gamelin obtains the approval of the <a href="/wiki/French_war_planning_1920%E2%80%931940" title="French war planning 1920–1940">Dyle plan</a>, a strategy meant to keep the war out of France if Hitler <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">invaded Belgium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmalley201520–21-128">[128]</a></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Venlo_incident" title="Venlo incident">Venlo incident</a>, British <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">Secret Intelligence Service</a> officers <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Payne_Best" title="Sigismund Payne Best">Sigismund Payne Best</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Stevens" title="Richard Henry Stevens">Richard Henry Stevens</a> fall victims to a <a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a> operation: at <a href="/wiki/Venlo" title="Venlo">Venlo</a> in neutral <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, they are abducted by a group of German <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a> officers and brought to Germany.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>12 November: The <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> student <a href="/wiki/Jan_Opletal" title="Jan Opletal">Jan Opletal</a> dies as a result of wounds inflicted by German authorities, causing vast anger and resentment among Czechs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125-127">[127]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>13 November <ul><li>Negotiations between Finland and Soviet Union break down. Finns suspect that Germans and Russians have agreed to include Finland in the Soviet sphere of influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr2013248-130">[130]</a></li> <li>The first British destroyer lost in the war is <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blanche_(H47)" title="HMS Blanche (H47)">HMS Blanche</a>, sunk by a minefield laid by an U-boat close to the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans20107-131">[131]</a></li> <li>The Deutschland arrives home at <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gotenhafen</a>, after having only sunk two ships and caught one.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199644–45-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr2013248-130">[130]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>14 November: The <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> moves to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>15 November: Jan Opletal's funeral sparks new demonstrations in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> against the police.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGildeaWarringWieviorka2006132-133">[133]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>16 November <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Marine" title="Oberkommando der Marine">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">German Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_admiral" title="Grand admiral">Grossadmiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Raeder" title="Erich Raeder">Erich Raeder</a> orders his U-boats to sink without warning all Allied merchant ships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManchester1988565-134">[134]</a></li> <li>Angered by the recent protests in Prague, Hitler summons to Berlin the <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_political_office-holders_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a> and his <a href="/wiki/SS_and_police_leader" title="SS and police leader">Higher SS and Police Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a> making clear that unless the issue is dealt with rightaway the city will be razed to the ground.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHauner2008150-135">[135]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>17 November <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> is blamed for bombs set off in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</li> <li>The Czechoslovak National Committee is recognized by the French government but only as “representative of Czechoslovaks abroad”.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011195-4">[4]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Students%27_Day" title="International Students' Day">raids the Czech student buildings in Prague</a> and arrests 1,900 students. Nine are shot (including historian <a href="/wiki/Josef_Matou%C5%A1ek_(historian)" title="Josef Matoušek (historian)">Josef Matoušek</a>) while 1,000 were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen concentration camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHauner2008150-135">[135]</a></li> <li>Hitler orders to close all Czech universities and colleges for three years and to hand the buildings to the German authorities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125–126-136">[136]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>20 November: The <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> and German U-boats start mining the Thames estuary.</li></ul> <ul><li>21 November <ul><li>The new German strategy of planting <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">magnetic mines</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British seas</a> obtains its first major success when a mine planted by the <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-52_(1938)" title="German submarine U-52 (1938)">U-52</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> put the <a href="/wiki/Town-class_cruiser_(1936)" title="Town-class cruiser (1936)">light cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS Belfast</a> out of service until the autumn of 1942.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201923-137">[137]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Scharnhorst-class_battleship" title="Scharnhorst-class battleship">German battleships</a> <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Gneisenau" title="German battleship Gneisenau">Gneisenau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Scharnhorst" title="German battleship Scharnhorst">Scharnhorst</a> are sent out to relieve pressure on the Admiral Graf Spee by bringing havoc on the shipping routes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199645-106">[106]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>22 November <ul><li>The Luftwaffe drops in the mud an intact magnetic mine off <a href="/wiki/Shoeburyness" title="Shoeburyness">Shoeburyness</a> at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a>. Once salvaged, Admiralty scientists invented <a href="/wiki/Degaussing" title="Degaussing">degaussing</a> that greatly decreased the danger represented by magnetic mines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManchester1988570-138">[138]</a></li> <li>In opposition to the Chechoslovak National Committee, <a href="/wiki/Milan_Hod%C5%BEa" title="Milan Hodža">Milan Hodža</a> founds in Paris the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Council" title="Slovak National Council">Slovak National Council</a> with him as Chairman and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Pr%C3%ADdavok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Prídavok (page does not exist)">Peter Prídavok</a> as secretary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011197-139">[139]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>23 November <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Scharnhorst-class_battleship" title="Scharnhorst-class battleship">German battleships</a> <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Gneisenau" title="German battleship Gneisenau">Gneisenau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Scharnhorst" title="German battleship Scharnhorst">Scharnhorst</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_November_1939" title="List of shipwrecks in November 1939">sink</a> the British <a href="/wiki/List_of_cruisers_of_World_War_II" title="List of cruisers of World War II">armed merchant cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Rawalpindi" title="HMS Rawalpindi">HMS Rawalpindi</a> between <a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II" title="Iceland in World War II">Iceland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201923-137">[137]</a> About 270 crewmen die, while only 38 survive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert201189-140">[140]</a></li> <li>Polish Jews are ordered to wear <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a> armbands.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>24 November: Japan announces the capture of <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a> in southern China.</li></ul> <ul><li>26 November <ul><li>The Soviets stage the <a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Mainila" title="Shelling of Mainila">shelling of Mainila</a>, Soviet artillery shells a field near the Finnish border, accusing Finns of killing Soviet troops.</li> <li>Germany and Slovakia sign a border treaty which assigns to the latter the Polish parts of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rva_County" title="Árva County">Orava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spi%C5%A1" title="Spiš">Spiš</a> together with the territories <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_border_conflicts#World_War_II" title="Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts">taken by Poland in 1938</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJesenský201494-141">[141]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>29 November: The USSR breaks off diplomatic relations with Finland.</li></ul> <ul><li>30 November: The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> attacks <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in what would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="December">December</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1 December: Russia continues its war against Finland; <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Helsinki_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Helsinki in World War II">Helsinki is bombed</a>. In the first two weeks of the month, the Finns retreat to the <a href="/wiki/Mannerheim_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannerheim line">Mannerheim line</a>, an outmoded defensive line just inside the southern border with Russia.</li></ul> <ul><li>2 December: The Red Army takes <a href="/wiki/Pechengsky_District" title="Pechengsky District">Petsamo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>4 December: The British <a href="/wiki/Nelson-class_battleship" title="Nelson-class battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Nelson_(28)" title="HMS Nelson (28)">HMS Nelson</a> is incapacitated for six months by yet another magnetic mine left this time by the <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-52_(1938)" title="German submarine U-52 (1938)">U-52</a> off <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ewe" title="Loch Ewe">Loch Ewe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201923-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert201192-144">[144]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>5 December: The Russian invaders begin heavy attacks on the Mannerheim line. The Battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kollaa" title="Battle of Kollaa">Kollaa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suomussalmi" title="Battle of Suomussalmi">Suomussalmi</a> begin.</li></ul> <ul><li>7 December: Italy, Norway and Denmark again declare their neutrality in the Russo-Finnish war. Sweden proclaims "non-belligerency", by which it could extend military support to Finland, without formally taking part in the war.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>11 December: The Russians meet with several tactical defeats by the Finnish army.</li></ul> <ul><li>12 December: The escorting destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Duchess_(H64)" title="HMS Duchess (H64)">HMS Duchess</a> sinks after a collision with the battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Barham_(04)" title="HMS Barham (04)">HMS Barham</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Mull_of_Kintyre" title="Mull of Kintyre">Mull of Kintyre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" title="North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)">North Channel</a> with the loss of 137 men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr201366–67-146">[146]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>13 December: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Plate" title="Battle of the River Plate">battle of the River Plate</a> off <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, Uruguay. The Royal Navy's hunting group F, composed of three cruisers (<a href="/wiki/HMS_Exeter_(68)" title="HMS Exeter (68)">Exeter</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ajax_(22)" title="HMS Ajax (22)">Ajax</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Achilles" title="HMNZS Achilles">Achilles</a>), <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Plate" title="Battle of the River Plate">attacks off the estuary of the River Plate</a> the German warship <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Graf_Spee" title="German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee">Admiral Graf Spee</a> and heavily damages it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201926–27-147">[147]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>14 December <ul><li>The Admiral Graf Spee, badly damaged, anchors in the port of <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, appealing to international law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201927-148">[148]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> is expelled from the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in response to the Soviet invasion of Finland on November 30.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>15 December: Soviet Army assaults <a href="/wiki/Solovyovo,_Priozersky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Solovyovo, Priozersky District, Leningrad Oblast">Taipale</a>, Finland during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taipale" title="Battle of Taipale">Battle of Taipale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-150">[150]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>17 December: The Admiral Graf Spee is forced by <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> to leave Montevideo harbor; given freedom of choice by Berlin, the ship's Kapitän zur See, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Langsdorff" title="Hans Langsdorff">Hans Langsdorff</a>, orders the scuttlling of the vessel just outside the harbour. The ship's captain and its crew are interned by <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentinian</a> authorities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201548–50-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201928-152">[152]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>18 December <ul><li>The first Canadian troops arrive in Europe.</li> <li>Germany defeats Britain in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Heligoland_Bight_(1939)" title="Battle of the Heligoland Bight (1939)">Battle of the Heligoland Bight</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>20 December <ul><li>Captain <a href="/wiki/Hans_Langsdorff" title="Hans Langsdorff">Hans Langsdorff</a> commits suicide in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201550-153">[153]</a></li> <li>The Czechoslovak National Committee is recognized in a limited form by the British government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011195-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>24 December: Ignoring German objections, Romanian King <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a> permits former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Polish President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Mo%C5%9Bcicki" title="Ignacy Mościcki">Ignacy Mościcki</a> to leave with his family Romania for Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynes2000112-108">[108]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>27 December: The first Indian troops arrive in France.</li></ul> <ul><li>28 December <ul><li>The British <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Food_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Food (United Kingdom)">Minister of Food</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Morrison,_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil">W.S. Morrison</a> announced that starting January 8, rationing would be expanded to include butter, bacon, ham and sugar.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li>While patrolling the <a href="/wiki/Butt_of_Lewis" title="Butt of Lewis">Butt of Lewis</a> the British battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Barham_(04)" title="HMS Barham (04)">HMS Barham</a> is damaged by the German <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-30_(1936)" title="German submarine U-30 (1936)">U-30</a> and put out of service for four months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201922–23-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2000125-156">[156]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>31 December: German Propaganda Minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> makes a radio address reviewing the official Nazi version of the events of 1939. No predictions were made for 1940 other than saying that the next year "will be a hard year, and we must be ready for it."<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">Timeline of World War II (1940)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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p. 565. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHauner2008150-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHauner2008150_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHauner2008150_135-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHauner2008">Hauner 2008</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125–126-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowhurst2020125–126_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrowhurst2020">Crowhurst 2020</a>, pp. 125–126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201923-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201923_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201923_137-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201923_137-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2019">Mawdsley 2019</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManchester1988570-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManchester1988570_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManchester1988">Manchester 1988</a>, p. 570. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011197-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeichKováčBrown2011197_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTeichKováčBrown2011">Teich, Kováč & Brown 2011</a>, p. 197. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert201189-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert201189_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilbert2011">Gilbert 2011</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJesenský201494-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJesenský201494_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJesenský2014">Jesenský 2014</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Historical Atlas of World War Two. 2010. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Atlas+of+World+War+Two&rft.pages=41&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=30">"The Winter War"</a>. WW II Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151014052100/http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=30">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WW+II+Database&rft.atitle=The+Winter+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2db.com%2Fbattle_spec.php%3Fbattle_id%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert201192-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert201192_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilbert2011">Gilbert 2011</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Wangel, Carl Axel, Sveriges militära beredskap 1939–1945 (Swedish),1982, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarr201366–67-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaarr201366–67_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaarr2013">Haarr 2013</a>, pp. 66–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201926–27-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201926–27_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2019">Mawdsley 2019</a>, pp. 26–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201927-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201927_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2019">Mawdsley 2019</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1939/391214a.html">"LEAGUE OF NATIONS' EXPULSION OF THE U.S.S.R."</a> League of Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150624231802/http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1939/391214a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-06-24. Retrieved 2010-06-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LEAGUE+OF+NATIONS%27+EXPULSION+OF+THE+U.S.S.R.&rft.pub=League+of+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fpolicy%2F1939%2F391214a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-150"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/event/timeline/1939/">"1939 Timeline"</a>. WW2DB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817223029/http://ww2db.com/event/timeline/1939">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2011-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1939+Timeline&rft.pub=WW2DB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2db.com%2Fevent%2Ftimeline%2F1939%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201548–50-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201548–50_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDimbleby2015">Dimbleby 2015</a>, pp. 48–50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201928-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201928_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2019">Mawdsley 2019</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201550-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimbleby201550_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDimbleby2015">Dimbleby 2015</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarrah1939" class="citation news cs1">Darrah, David (December 29, 1939). "Britain Extends Food Rations to Meat and Sugar". <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Daily Tribune">Chicago Daily Tribune</a>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Britain+Extends+Food+Rations+to+Meat+and+Sugar&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1939-12-29&rft.aulast=Darrah&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201922–23-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley201922–23_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2019">Mawdsley 2019</a>, pp. 22–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2000125-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2000125_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlair2000">Blair 2000</a>, p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/goeb21.htm">"The New Year 1939/40"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Calvin_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin College">Calvin College</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107055411/http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/goeb21.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Calvin+College&rft.atitle=The+New+Year+1939%2F40&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.calvin.edu%2Fgerman-propaganda-archive%2Fgoeb21.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboul-EneinAboul-Enein2013" class="citation book cs1">Aboul-Enein, Youssef; Aboul-Enein, Basil (2013). The Secret War for the Middle East: The Influence of Axis and Allied Intelligence Operations During World War II. Annapolis, MY: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61251-309-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61251-309-6"><bdi>978-1-61251-309-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+War+for+the+Middle+East%3A+The+Influence+of+Axis+and+Allied+Intelligence+Operations+During+World+War+II&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+MY&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-61251-309-6&rft.aulast=Aboul-Enein&rft.aufirst=Youssef&rft.au=Aboul-Enein%2C+Basil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamthwaite2011" class="citation book cs1">Adamthwaite, Anthony P. (2011) [1st pub. 1977]. The Making of the Second World War. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90716-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90716-3"><bdi>978-0-415-90716-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90716-3&rft.aulast=Adamthwaite&rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2002" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Martin S. (2002) [1st pub. 1992]. The Republic in Danger: General Maurice Gamelin and the Politics of French defence, 1933-1940. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52429-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52429-6"><bdi>0-521-52429-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+in+Danger%3A+General+Maurice+Gamelin+and+the+Politics+of+French+defence%2C+1933-1940&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-52429-6&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Martin+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldoliKnapp2012" class="citation book cs1">Baldoli, Claudia; Knapp, Andrew (2012). Forgotten Blitzes: France and Italy Under Allied Air Attack, 1940–1945. London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8581-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8581-5"><bdi>978-1-4411-8581-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Blitzes%3A+France+and+Italy+Under+Allied+Air+Attack%2C+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-8581-5&rft.aulast=Baldoli&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft.au=Knapp%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeevor2012" class="citation book cs1">Beevor, Antony (2012). The Second World War. New York: Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-08407-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-08407-9"><bdi>978-0-316-08407-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-316-08407-9&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair2000" class="citation book cs1">Blair, Clay (2000) [1st pub. 1996]. Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942. New York: Modern Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-64032-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-64032-0"><bdi>0-679-64032-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+U-Boat+War%3A+The+Hunters%2C+1939%E2%80%931942&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-679-64032-0&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBollinger2011" class="citation book cs1">Bollinger, Martin (2011). Warriors and Wizards: The Development and Defeat of Radio-Controlled Glide Bombs of the Third Reich. Annapolis, MY: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781612510026" title="Special:BookSources/9781612510026"><bdi>9781612510026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warriors+and+Wizards%3A+The+Development+and+Defeat+of+Radio-Controlled+Glide+Bombs+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+MY&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781612510026&rft.aulast=Bollinger&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrecherWilkenfeld1997" class="citation book cs1">Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997). A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-10806-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-10806-9"><bdi>0-472-10806-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Study+of+Crisis&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-472-10806-9&rft.aulast=Brecher&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Wilkenfeld%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewing2022" class="citation book cs1">Brewing, Daniel (2022). In the Shadow of Auschwitz German Massacres against Polish Civilians, 1939–1945. Berghahn Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781800730892" title="Special:BookSources/9781800730892"><bdi>9781800730892</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+Auschwitz+German+Massacres+against+Polish+Civilians%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Berghahn+Book&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781800730892&rft.aulast=Brewing&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroad2006" class="citation book cs1">Broad, Roger (2006). Conscription in Britain, 1939-1964: The Militarisation of a Generation. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-714-65701-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-714-65701-8"><bdi>0-714-65701-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscription+in+Britain%2C+1939-1964%3A+The+Militarisation+of+a+Generation&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-714-65701-8&rft.aulast=Broad&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2012" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Francis M. (2012). Athenia Torpedoed: The U-Boat Attack that Ignited the Battle of the Atlantic. Annapolis, MY: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-148-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-148-8"><bdi>978-1-59114-148-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athenia+Torpedoed%3A+The+U-Boat+Attack+that+Ignited+the+Battle+of+the+Atlantic&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+MY&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-148-8&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Francis+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowhurst2020" class="citation book cs1">Crowhurst, Patrick (2020) [2013]. Hitler and Czechoslovakia in World War II: Domination and Retaliation. London: Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8577-2304-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8577-2304-8"><bdi>978-0-8577-2304-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+and+Czechoslovakia+in+World+War+II%3A+Domination+and+Retaliation&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-8577-2304-8&rft.aulast=Crowhurst&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowe1993" class="citation book cs1">Crowe, David M. (1993). The Baltic States And The Great Powers: Foreign Relations, 1938-1940. <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, CO</a> & Oxford, UK: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-0481-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-0481-4"><bdi>0-8133-0481-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States+And+The+Great+Powers%3A+Foreign+Relations%2C+1938-1940&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO+%26+Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8133-0481-4&rft.aulast=Crowe&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowson1997" class="citation book cs1">Crowson, N. J. (1997). Facing Fascism: The Conservative Party and the European Dictators, 1935 -1940. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-15315-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-15315-8"><bdi>0-415-15315-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facing+Fascism%3A+The+Conservative+Party+and+the+European+Dictators%2C+1935+-1940&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-415-15315-8&rft.aulast=Crowson&rft.aufirst=N.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCull1996" class="citation book cs1">Cull, Nicholas John (1996). Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign Against American "Neutrality" in World War II. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511150-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511150-8"><bdi>0-19-511150-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+War%3A+The+British+Propaganda+Campaign+Against+American+%22Neutrality%22+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-511150-8&rft.aulast=Cull&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2016" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Roger (2016). Franklin D. Roosevelt: The War Years, 1939-1945. Urbana, IL - Chicago, IL - Springfield, IL: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03952-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03952-2"><bdi>978-0-252-03952-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franklin+D.+Roosevelt%3A+The+War+Years%2C+1939-1945&rft.place=Urbana%2C+IL+-+Chicago%2C+IL+-+Springfield%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-252-03952-2&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Felice1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Felice, Renzo (1996) [1st pub. 1981]. Mussolini il duce: Lo Stato totalitario, 1936-1940 (in Italian). Torino: Einaudi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-06-13997-5" title="Special:BookSources/88-06-13997-5"><bdi>88-06-13997-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mussolini+il+duce%3A+Lo+Stato+totalitario%2C+1936-1940&rft.place=Torino&rft.pub=Einaudi&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=88-06-13997-5&rft.aulast=De+Felice&rft.aufirst=Renzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaney2018" class="citation book cs1">Delaney, Douglas E. (2018) [1st pub. 2017]. The Imperial Army Project: Britain and the Land Forces of the Dominions and India, 1902-1945. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870446-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870446-1"><bdi>978-0-19-870446-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Army+Project%3A+Britain+and+the+Land+Forces+of+the+Dominions+and+India%2C+1902-1945&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870446-1&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Douglas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelve2005" class="citation book cs1">Delve, Ken (2005). Bomber Command 1936-1968: An Operational & Historical Record. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84415-183-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84415-183-2"><bdi>1-84415-183-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bomber+Command+1936-1968%3A+An+Operational+%26+Historical+Record&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-84415-183-2&rft.aulast=Delve&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimbleby2015" class="citation book cs1">Dimbleby, Jonathan (2015). The Battle of the Atlantic: How the Allies Won the War. London: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-97211-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-97211-3"><bdi>978-0-241-97211-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+the+Atlantic%3A+How+the+Allies+Won+the+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-241-97211-3&rft.aulast=Dimbleby&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDreyer2013" class="citation book cs1">Dreyer, Edward L. (2013) [1st pub. 1995]. China at war, 1901-1949. Abingdon, UK & New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05125-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05125-6"><bdi>978-0-582-05125-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+at+war%2C+1901-1949&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-582-05125-6&rft.aulast=Dreyer&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuroselle2004" class="citation book cs1">Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste (2004) [1st pub. 1985]. France and the Nazi Threat: The Collapse of French Diplomacy 1932-1939 [La Décadence 1932-1939]. New York, NY: Enigma Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-929631-15-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-929631-15-5"><bdi>978-1-929631-15-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+and+the+Nazi+Threat%3A+The+Collapse+of+French+Diplomacy+1932-1939&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Enigma+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-929631-15-5&rft.aulast=Duroselle&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllemanPaine2006" class="citation book cs1">Elleman, Bruce A.; Paine, S.C.M., eds. (2006). Naval Blockades and Seapower: Strategies and counter-strategies,1805-2005. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-35466-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-35466-8"><bdi>0-415-35466-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Blockades+and+Seapower%3A+Strategies+and+counter-strategies%2C1805-2005&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-35466-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2010" class="citation book cs1">Evans, A. S. (2010). Destroyer Down: An Account of HM Destroyer Losses, 1939–1945. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-270-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-270-0"><bdi>978-1-84884-270-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destroyer+Down%3A+An+Account+of+HM+Destroyer+Losses%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-270-0&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2011" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Martin (2011) [1st pub. 1983]. Winston S. Churchill: Finest Hour, 1939-1941. Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0916308292" title="Special:BookSources/978-0916308292"><bdi>978-0916308292</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winston+S.+Churchill%3A+Finest+Hour%2C+1939-1941&rft.place=Hillsdale%2C+MI&rft.pub=Hillsdale+College+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0916308292&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGildeaWarringWieviorka2006" class="citation book cs1">Gildea, Robert; Warring, Anette; Wieviorka, Olivier, eds. (2006). Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: Daily Life in Occupied Europe. Oxford, UK: Berg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-181-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-181-4"><bdi>978-1-84520-181-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surviving+Hitler+and+Mussolini%3A+Daily+Life+in+Occupied+Europe&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-181-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaarr2013" class="citation book cs1">Haarr, Geirr H. (2013). The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe, September 1939 - April 1940. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-140-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-140-3"><bdi>978-1-84832-140-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gathering+Storm%3A+The+Naval+War+in+Northern+Europe%2C+September+1939+-+April+1940&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-140-3&rft.aulast=Haarr&rft.aufirst=Geirr+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauner2008" class="citation book cs1">Hauner, Milan (2008) [1st pub. 1983]. Hitler: A Chronology of His Life and Time (2nd ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-58449-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-58449-5"><bdi>978-0-230-58449-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%3A+A+Chronology+of+His+Life+and+Time&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-58449-5&rft.aulast=Hauner&rft.aufirst=Milan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2000" class="citation book cs1">Haynes, Rebecca (2000). Romanian Policy towards Germany, 1936–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1949-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1949-6"><bdi>978-1-4039-1949-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romanian+Policy+towards+Germany%2C+1936%E2%80%9340&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-1949-6&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigh2010" class="citation book cs1">High, Steven, ed. (2010). Occupied St John's: a social history of a city at war, 1939–1945. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3750-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3750-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-3750-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Occupied+St+John%27s%3A+a+social+history+of+a+city+at+war%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Montreal+%26+Kingston&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-3750-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1991" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Christopher (1991). Cabinet decisions on foreign policy: The British experience, October 1938 -June 1941. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-39195-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-39195-4"><bdi>0-521-39195-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cabinet+decisions+on+foreign+policy%3A+The+British+experience%2C+October+1938+-June+1941&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-521-39195-4&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2016" class="citation book cs1">Holland, James (2016) [1st pub. 2015]. The War in the West - A New History: Volume 1: Germany Ascendant 1939-1941. London: Corgi Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780552169202" title="Special:BookSources/9780552169202"><bdi>9780552169202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+in+the+West+-+A+New+History%3A+Volume+1%3A+Germany+Ascendant+1939-1941&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Corgi+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780552169202&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoughRichards1990" class="citation book cs1">Hough, Richard; Richards, Denis (1990) [1st pub. 1989]. The Battle of Britain: The Greatest Air Battle of World War II (W. W. Norton, NY ed.). Hodder & Staughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30734-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30734-4"><bdi>978-0-393-30734-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Britain%3A+The+Greatest+Air+Battle+of+World+War+II&rft.edition=W.+W.+Norton%2C+NY&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Staughton&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-393-30734-4&rft.aulast=Hough&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Richards%2C+Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys2016" class="citation book cs1">Humphreys, R. A. (2016) [1st pub. 1981]. Latin America and the Second World War: Volume 1, 1939-1942. London, UK & New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-8821-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-8821-7"><bdi>978-1-4742-8821-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America+and+the+Second+World+War%3A+Volume+1%2C+1939-1942&rft.place=London%2C+UK+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-8821-7&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2004" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Julian (2004) [1st pub. 2003]. The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280550-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280550-9"><bdi>0-19-280550-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+France%3A+The+Nazi+Invasion+of+1940&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-280550-9&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffery2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Jeffery_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Jeffery (historian)">Jeffery, Keith</a> (2010). MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9183-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9183-2"><bdi>978-0-7475-9183-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MI6%3A+The+History+of+the+Secret+Intelligence+Service%2C+1909%E2%80%931949&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-9183-2&rft.aulast=Jeffery&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesenský2014" class="citation book cs1">Jesenský, Marcel (2014). The Slovak–Polish Border, 1918–1947. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-44964-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-44964-1"><bdi>978-1-137-44964-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slovak%E2%80%93Polish+Border%2C+1918%E2%80%931947&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-44964-1&rft.aulast=Jesensk%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2010" class="citation book cs1">Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher; Keay, John; Keay, Julia (2010) [1st pub. 1983]. The London Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-4925-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-4925-2"><bdi>978-1-4050-4925-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+London+Encyclopaedia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4050-4925-2&rft.aulast=Weinreb&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Hibbert%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Keay%2C+John&rft.au=Keay%2C+Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirschbaum2007" class="citation book cs1">Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (2007) [1st pub. 1999]. Historical Dictionary of Slovakia (2nd ed.). Lanham, MY: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5535-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5535-9"><bdi>978-0-8108-5535-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Slovakia&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5535-9&rft.aulast=Kirschbaum&rft.aufirst=Stanislav+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKochanski2012" class="citation book cs1">Kochanski, Halik (2012). The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06814-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06814-8"><bdi>978-0-674-06814-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eagle+Unbowed%3A+Poland+and+the+Poles+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-674-06814-8&rft.aulast=Kochanski&rft.aufirst=Halik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddell_Hart1970" class="citation book cs1">Liddell Hart, B. H. (1970). The History of the Second World War. London: Pan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-93564-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-93564-6"><bdi>0-304-93564-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-304-93564-6&rft.aulast=Liddell+Hart&rft.aufirst=B.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLightbody2004" class="citation book cs1">Lightbody, Bradley (2004). The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-64458-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-64458-1"><bdi>0-203-64458-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War%3A+Ambitions+to+Nemesis&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-203-64458-1&rft.aulast=Lightbody&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacri2012" class="citation book cs1">Macri, Franco David (2012). Clash of Empires in South China: The Allied Nations' Proxy War with Japan, 1935-1941. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700618774" title="Special:BookSources/9780700618774"><bdi>9780700618774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clash+of+Empires+in+South+China%3A+The+Allied+Nations%27+Proxy+War+with+Japan%2C+1935-1941&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780700618774&rft.aulast=Macri&rft.aufirst=Franco+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManvellFraenkell2007" class="citation book cs1">Manvell, Roger; Fraenkell, Heinrich (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fO6Ow6jJA28C">Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career</a>. Skyhorse Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60239-178-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60239-178-9"><bdi>978-1-60239-178-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heinrich+Himmler%3A+The+SS%2C+Gestapo%2C+His+Life+and+Career&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-60239-178-9&rft.aulast=Manvell&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Fraenkell%2C+Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfO6Ow6jJA28C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaierRohdeStegemannUmbreit1991" class="citation book cs1">Maier, Klaus A.; Rohde, Horst; Stegemann, Bernd; Umbreit, Umbreit (1991). Germany's Initial Conquests in Europe [Die Errichtung der Hegemonie auf dem europäischen Kontinent]. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 2. Translated by McMurry, Dean; Osers, Ewald. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822885-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822885-6"><bdi>0-19-822885-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany%27s+Initial+Conquests+in+Europe&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-822885-6&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Klaus+A.&rft.au=Rohde%2C+Horst&rft.au=Stegemann%2C+Bernd&rft.au=Umbreit%2C+Umbreit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManchester1988" class="citation book cs1">Manchester, William (1988). The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone, 1932–1940. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-54512-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-54512-0"><bdi>0-316-54512-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Lion%3A+Winston+Spencer+Churchill%3A+Alone%2C+1932%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Co.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-316-54512-0&rft.aulast=Manchester&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauch2011" class="citation book cs1">Mauch, Peter (2011). Sailor Diplomat: Nomura Kichisaburō and the Japanese-American War. Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68417-506-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68417-506-2"><bdi>978-1-68417-506-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sailor+Diplomat%3A+Nomura+Kichisabur%C5%8D+and+the+Japanese-American+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA+%26+London&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-68417-506-2&rft.aulast=Mauch&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMawdsley2019" class="citation book cs1">Mawdsley, Evan (2019). The War for the Seas: A Maritime History of World War II. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19019-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19019-9"><bdi>978-0-300-19019-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+for+the+Seas%3A+A+Maritime+History+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19019-9&rft.aulast=Mawdsley&rft.aufirst=Evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2015" class="citation book cs1">Menon, V. P. (2015) [1st pub. 1957]. Transfer of Power in India. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7937-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7937-3"><bdi>978-1-4008-7937-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transfer+of+Power+in+India&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-7937-3&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=V.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1996" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Nathan (1996). War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511038-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511038-2"><bdi>0-19-511038-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+at+Sea%3A+A+Naval+History+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-511038-2&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitter2013" class="citation book cs1">Mitter, Rana (2013). Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937–1945. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-89425-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-89425-3"><bdi>978-0-618-89425-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Ally%3A+China%27s+World+War+II%2C+1937%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-618-89425-3&rft.aulast=Mitter&rft.aufirst=Rana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoorhouse2019" class="citation book cs1">Moorhouse, Roger (2019). First to Fight: The Polish War 1939. London: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781473548220" title="Special:BookSources/9781473548220"><bdi>9781473548220</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+to+Fight%3A+The+Polish+War+1939&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781473548220&rft.aulast=Moorhouse&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorewood2005" class="citation book cs1">Morewood, Steven (2005). The British Defence of Egypt 1935–1940: Conflict Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean. Abingdon, UK: Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-49512-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-49512-8"><bdi>0-203-49512-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Defence+of+Egypt+1935%E2%80%931940%3A+Conflict+Crisis+in+the+Eastern+Mediterranean&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-203-49512-8&rft.aulast=Morewood&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison2001" class="citation book cs1">Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001) [1st pub. 1947]. The Battle of the Atlantic, September 1939-May 1943. Champaign, IL: Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-06963-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-06963-3"><bdi>0-252-06963-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+the+Atlantic%2C+September+1939-May+1943&rft.place=Champaign%2C+IL&rft.pub=Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-252-06963-3&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvery2010" class="citation book cs1">Overy, Richard (2010) [1st pub. 2009]. The 1939: Countdown to War. London: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-04130-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-04130-8"><bdi>978-0-141-04130-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1939%3A+Countdown+to+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-141-04130-8&rft.aulast=Overy&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvery2013" class="citation book cs1">Overy, Richard (2013). The Bombing War: Europe, 1939-1945. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-92782-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-92782-4"><bdi>978-0-141-92782-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bombing+War%3A+Europe%2C+1939-1945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-141-92782-4&rft.aulast=Overy&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrazmowska2004" class="citation book cs1">Prazmowska, Anita (2004) [1st pub. 1987]. Britain, Poland and the Eastern Front, 1939. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52938-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52938-7"><bdi>0-521-52938-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%2C+Poland+and+the+Eastern+Front%2C+1939&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-52938-7&rft.aulast=Prazmowska&rft.aufirst=Anita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedford2014" class="citation book cs1">Redford, Duncan (2014). A History of the Royal Navy: World War II. London: I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-546-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-546-4"><bdi>978-1-78076-546-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Royal+Navy%3A+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-546-4&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReginbogin2009" class="citation book cs1">Reginbogin, Herbert R. (2009) [1st pub. 2006]. Faces of Neutrality: A Comparative Analysis of the Neutrality of Switzerland and other Neutral Nations during WW II [Der Vergleich]. Translated by Seeberger, Ulrike; Britten, Jane. Berlin, Germany: Lit verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-1914-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-1914-9"><bdi>978-3-8258-1914-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faces+of+Neutrality%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis+of+the+Neutrality+of+Switzerland+and+other+Neutral+Nations+during+WW+II&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Lit+verlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-1914-9&rft.aulast=Reginbogin&rft.aufirst=Herbert+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSassoon2012" class="citation book cs1">Sassoon, Joseph (2012) [1st pub. 1987]. Economic Policy in Iraq, 1932-1950. Abingdon, UK: Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3305-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3305-3"><bdi>978-0-7146-3305-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Policy+in+Iraq%2C+1932-1950&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-3305-3&rft.aulast=Sassoon&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1980" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, Urs (1980). The Eye Of The Hurricane: Switzerland In World War Two. <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, CO</a>: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89158-766-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89158-766-7"><bdi>0-89158-766-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eye+Of+The+Hurricane%3A+Switzerland+In+World+War+Two&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-89158-766-7&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2016" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Stanford J. (2016) [1st pub. 1993]. Turkey and the Holocaust: Turkey's Role in Rescuing Turkish and European Jewry from Nazi Persecution, 1933–1945. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-13043-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-13043-6"><bdi>978-1-349-13043-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+and+the+Holocaust%3A+Turkey%27s+Role+in+Rescuing+Turkish+and+European+Jewry+from+Nazi+Persecution%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-349-13043-6&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Stanford+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmalley2015" class="citation book cs1">Smalley, Edward (2015). The British Expeditionary Force, 1939-40. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49419-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49419-1"><bdi>978-1-137-49419-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Expeditionary+Force%2C+1939-40&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-137-49419-1&rft.aulast=Smalley&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmetana2008" class="citation book cs1">Smetana, Vít (2008). In the Shadow of Munich: British Policy towards Czechoslovakia from the Endorsement to the Renunciation of the Munich Agreement (1938–1942). Prague: Carolinum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-246-2819-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-246-2819-6"><bdi>978-80-246-2819-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+Munich%3A+British+Policy+towards+Czechoslovakia+from+the+Endorsement+to+the+Renunciation+of+the+Munich+Agreement+%281938%E2%80%931942%29&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Carolinum+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-80-246-2819-6&rft.aulast=Smetana&rft.aufirst=V%C3%ADt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahel2018" class="citation book cs1">Stahel, David, ed. (2018). Joining Hitler's Crusade: European Nations and the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-51034-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-51034-6"><bdi>978-1-316-51034-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joining+Hitler%27s+Crusade%3A+European+Nations+and+the+Invasion+of+the+Soviet+Union%2C+1941&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-316-51034-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStultz1974" class="citation book cs1">Stultz, Newell M. (1974). Afrikaner Politics in South Africa, 1934-1948. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-02452-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-02452-4"><bdi>0-520-02452-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afrikaner+Politics+in+South+Africa%2C+1934-1948&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-520-02452-4&rft.aulast=Stultz&rft.aufirst=Newell+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanstonSwanston2010" class="citation book cs1">Swanston, Alexander; Swanston, Malcolm (2010) [1st pub. 2008]. The Historical Atlas of World War II. Edison, NJ: Chartwell Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-785-82702-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-785-82702-3"><bdi>978-0-785-82702-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Atlas+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Edison%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Chartwell+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-785-82702-3&rft.aulast=Swanston&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Swanston%2C+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymonds2018" class="citation book cs1">Symonds, Craig L. (2018). World War II at Sea: A Global History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190243678" title="Special:BookSources/9780190243678"><bdi>9780190243678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+at+Sea%3A+A+Global+History&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780190243678&rft.aulast=Symonds&rft.aufirst=Craig+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarulis1959" class="citation book cs1">Tarulis, Albert N. (1959). Soviet Policy toward the Baltic States, 1918-1940. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/470247033">470247033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Policy+toward+the+Baltic+States%2C+1918-1940&rft.place=Notre+Dame%2C+IN&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470247033&rft.aulast=Tarulis&rft.aufirst=Albert+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeichKováčBrown2011" class="citation book cs1">Teich, Mikuláš; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D., eds. (2011). Slovakia in History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521802536" title="Special:BookSources/9780521802536"><bdi>9780521802536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovakia+in+History&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780521802536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2014" class="citation book cs1">Wells, Anne Sharp (2014). Historical Dictionary of World War II: The War against Germany and Italy. Lanham, MY - Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5457-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5457-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-5457-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+World+War+II%3A+The+War+against+Germany+and+Italy&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MY+-+Plymouth%2C+UK&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5457-4&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Anne+Sharp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelazquez-Flores2022" class="citation book cs1">Velazquez-Flores, Rafael (2022). Principled Pragmatism in Mexico's Foreign Policy: Variables and Assumptions. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-99572-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-99572-0"><bdi>978-3-030-99572-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principled+Pragmatism+in+Mexico%27s+Foreign+Policy%3A+Variables+and+Assumptions&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-3-030-99572-0&rft.aulast=Velazquez-Flores&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelshman2010" class="citation book cs1">Welshman, John (2010). Churchill's Children: The Evacuee Experience in Wartime Britain. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957441-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957441-4"><bdi>978-0-19-957441-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+Children%3A+The+Evacuee+Experience+in+Wartime+Britain&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-957441-4&rft.aulast=Welshman&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiggam2018" class="citation book cs1">Wiggam, Marc (2018). The Blackout in Britain and Germany, 1939-1945. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75470-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75470-3"><bdi>978-3-319-75470-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackout+in+Britain+and+Germany%2C+1939-1945&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-319-75470-3&rft.aulast=Wiggam&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Allan (2013). Operation Crossbow: The Untold Story of the Search for Hitler's Secret Weapons. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409051732" title="Special:BookSources/9781409051732"><bdi>9781409051732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Crossbow%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+the+Search+for+Hitler%27s+Secret+Weapons&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781409051732&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2010" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Ian S. (2010). Britain, Ireland and the Second World War. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2327-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2327-3"><bdi>978-0-7486-2327-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%2C+Ireland+and+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+UK&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2327-3&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ian+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWragg2007" class="citation book cs1">Wragg, David (2007). Sink the French: The French Navy After the Fall of France 1940. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-522-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-522-4"><bdi>978-1-84415-522-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sink+the+French%3A+The+French+Navy+After+the+Fall+of+France+1940&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-522-4&rft.aulast=Wragg&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWylie2002" class="citation book cs1">Wylie, Neville, ed. (2002). European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents during the Second World War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64358-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64358-9"><bdi>0-521-64358-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Neutrals+and+Non-Belligerents+during+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-64358-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+World+War+II+%281939%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">Keelhaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim">Osoaviakhim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Paperclip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></li> <li>Sexual violence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li>Vietnam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li>German prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></li> <li>Soviet prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go">Ichi-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Pointblank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte">Bodenplatte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War 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