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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vardanes I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I_van_Parti%C3%AB" title="Vardanes I van Partië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vardanes I van Partië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вардан (Партия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вардан (Партия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I_de_P%C3%A0rtia" title="Vardanes I de Pàrtia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vardanes I de Pàrtia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardan%C3%A9s" title="Vardanés – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vardanés" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes" title="Vardanes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vardanes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βαρδάνης Α΄ της Παρθίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαρδάνης Α΄ της Παρθίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I_de_Partia" title="Vardanes I de Partia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vardanes I de Partia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I.a" title="Vardanes I.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vardanes I.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="وردان یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وردان یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardan%C3%A8s_Ier_de_Parthie" title="Vardanès Ier de Parthie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vardanès Ier de Parthie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%A4%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_1%EC%84%B8" title="바르다네스 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바르다네스 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D6%87" title="Վարդան Ա Պարթև – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարդան Ա Պարթև" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardan_I._Partski" title="Vardan I. Partski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vardan I. Partski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardane_I" title="Vardane I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vardane I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვარდანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარდანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Vardan%C3%A9sz_p%C3%A1rtus_kir%C3%A1ly" title="I. Vardanész pártus király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Vardanész pártus király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="وردان اول اشکانی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="وردان اول اشکانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vardanes I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B91%E4%B8%96" title="ヴァルダネス1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァルダネス1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I_av_Partia" title="Vardanes I av Partia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vardanes I av Partia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I%C3%A8r" title="Vardanes Ièr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vardanes Ièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardanes_I" title="Wardanes I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wardanes I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vardanes I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_I" title="Вардан I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вардан I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardan_I." title="Vardan I. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vardan I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardan_I_od_Partije" title="Vardan I od Partije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vardan I od Partije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vardanes I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_I" title="Вардони I – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вардони I" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Vardanes" title="I. Vardanes – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Vardanes" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_I_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Вардан I (цар Парфії) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вардан I (цар Парфії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanes_I_c%E1%BB%A7a_Parthia" title="Vardanes I của Parthia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vardanes I của Parthia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Vardanes I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Vardanes_I_(cropped,_2),_Seleucia_mint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coin_of_Vardanes_I_%28cropped%2C_2%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg/220px-Coin_of_Vardanes_I_%28cropped%2C_2%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coin_of_Vardanes_I_%28cropped%2C_2%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg/330px-Coin_of_Vardanes_I_%28cropped%2C_2%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Coin_of_Vardanes_I_%28cropped%2C_2%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Coin of Vardanes I, <a href="/wiki/Seleucia" title="Seleucia">Seleucia</a> mint</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">King of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">40 – 46</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotarzes II of Parthia">Gotarzes II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">46</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid dynasty of Parthia">Arsacid dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vardanes I</b> was a king of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> from 40 to 46 AD. He was the heir apparent of his father <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 12–40</span>), but had to continually fight against his brother <a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotarzes II of Parthia">Gotarzes II</a>, a rival claimant to the throne. Vardanes' short reign ended when he was assassinated while hunting at the instigation of a party of Parthian nobles . </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardanes_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Vardanes" (also spelled Bardanes) is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> attestation of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Iranian" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Iranian">Middle Iranian</a> name <i>Wardān</i>, meaning "rose". The name is transliterated in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> as <i>Ordanes</i> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ὀρδάνης</span></span> and <i>Ordones</i> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ὀρδώνης</span></span>, and in <a href="/wiki/Hatran_Aramaic" title="Hatran Aramaic">Hatran Aramaic</a> as wrdn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcato201855_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcato201855-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardanes_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 40 AD</span>, Vardanes' father and reigning <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 12–40</span>) died, entrusting his realm to Vardanes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the throne was seized by <a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II" title="Gotarzes II">Gotarzes II</a>, an adopted son of Artabanus II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201632_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201632-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gotarzes had another of his brothers, Artabanus, along with his wife and child, executed shortly after.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An uproar against this execution shortly followed, with an appeal being sent to Vardanes, who took Gotarzes by surprise and defeated him, after travelling 375 miles in two days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TAC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vardanes was supported by the governors of the neighbouring Parthian provinces, and quickly gained control over most of the Parthian realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TAC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Seleucia" title="Seleucia">Seleucia</a>, which had been in rebellion since 35 AD, did not acknowledge Vardanes, who then besieged the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukonin1983720_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukonin1983720-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the long siege of Seleucia resulted in Gotarzes gaining the upper hand in the conflict, allowing him to raise a new force and drive off Vardanes, who fled to <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A contemporary bust of a Parthian king was discovered at the ancient court of the <a href="/wiki/Yuezhis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuezhis">Yuezhis</a> (early <a href="/wiki/Kushans" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushans">Kushans</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Khalchayan" title="Khalchayan">Khalchayan</a>, Bactria, suggesting that this may represent Vardanes as he sought refuge, and possibly an alliance, at the Yuezhi court.<sup id="cite_ref-SPL58_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPL58-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenia</a> suffered turmoil, when its <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia#Early_Arsacids" title="Arsacid dynasty of Armenia">Arsacid</a> king <a href="/wiki/Orodes_of_Armenia" title="Orodes of Armenia">Orodes</a>, the brother of Vardanes, was deposed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 41–54</span>), who appointed the <a href="/wiki/Pharnavazid_dynasty" title="Pharnavazid dynasty">Pharnavazid</a> prince <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_of_Armenia" title="Mithridates of Armenia">Mithridates</a> in his stead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198376_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198376-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just before Vardanes and Gotarzes clashed in battle, they reached an accord after Gotarzes informed Vardanes of a conspiracy being planned against them by a prominent group. Under the accord Vardanes was to keep his crown, while Gotarzes became the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania">Hyrcania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198376_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198376-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllerbrock202151_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllerbrock202151-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 42, Vardanes forced Seleucia to submit to the Parthians again after a rebellion of seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He significantly reduced the autonomy of the city and removed its privilege to mint its own coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukonin1983720_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukonin1983720-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, the Greek philosopher <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyana" title="Apollonius of Tyana">Apollonius of Tyana</a> visited the court of Vardanes, who provided him with the protection of a caravan as he travelled to the realm of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthians">Indo-Parthians</a>. When Apollonius reached Indo-Parthia's capital <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a>, his caravan leader read Vardanes' official letter, perhaps written in Parthian, to an Indian official who treated Apollonius with great hospitality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar200726_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar200726-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Encouraged by his recent triumphs, Vardanes prepared to invade and reconquer Armenia, but ultimately abandoned his plans, due to threats of war from the Roman governor of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Vibius_Marsus" title="Gaius Vibius Marsus">Gaius Vibius Marsus</a>, and the renewed conflict with Gotarzes, who had terminated their accord.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vardanes defeated Gotarzes on the Erindes, a river situated on the <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Media</a>-Hyrcania border. He then proceeded to conquer the remaining Parthian provinces, reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Aria_(region)" title="Aria (region)">Aria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198376_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198376-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 46</span> he was assassinated while hunting at the instigation of a party of Parthian nobles, who feared that their status might become endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017131_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017131-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardanes_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcato201855-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcato201855_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarcato2018">Marcato 2018</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198375-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198375_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBivar1983">Bivar 1983</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201632-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201632_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlbrycht2016">Olbrycht 2016</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TAC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TAC_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAC_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0078%3Abook%3D11%3Achapter%3D8">11.8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELukonin1983720-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukonin1983720_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukonin1983720_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLukonin1983">Lukonin 1983</a>, p. 720.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2017178_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2017">Dąbrowa 2017</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPL58-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SPL58_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrenet2022" class="citation book cs1">Grenet, Frantz (2022). <i>Splendeurs des oasis d'Ouzbékistan</i>. Paris: Louvre Editions. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8412527858" title="Special:BookSources/978-8412527858"><bdi>978-8412527858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Splendeurs+des+oasis+d%27Ouzb%C3%A9kistan&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Louvre+Editions&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-8412527858&rft.aulast=Grenet&rft.aufirst=Frantz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198376-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198376_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198376_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198376_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBivar1983">Bivar 1983</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllerbrock202151-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllerbrock202151_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllerbrock2021">Ellerbrock 2021</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregoratti2017">Gregoratti 2017</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2012">Dąbrowa 2012</a>, p. 183; <a href="#CITEREFLukonin1983">Lukonin 1983</a>, p. 720</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar200726-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar200726_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBivar2007">Bivar 2007</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017131-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017131_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregoratti2017">Gregoratti 2017</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardanes_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_works">Ancient works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardanes_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_(Tacitus)" title="Annals (Tacitus)">Annals</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_works">Modern works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardanes_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBivar1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Bivar, A.D.H. (1983). "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids". In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i></a>. Vol. 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20092-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20092-X"><bdi>0-521-20092-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Political+History+of+Iran+Under+the+Arsacids&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E99&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-521-20092-X&rft.aulast=Bivar&rft.aufirst=A.D.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKo_RafMSGLkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBivar2007" class="citation cs2">Bivar, A.D.H. (2007), "Gondophares and the Indo-Parthians", in Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh and Sarah Stewart (ed.), <i>The Age of the Parthians: The Ideas of Iran</i>, vol. 2, London & New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., in association with the London Middle East Institute at SOAS and the British Museum, pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>36, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-406-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-406-0"><bdi>978-1-84511-406-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gondophares+and+the+Indo-Parthians&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Parthians%3A+The+Ideas+of+Iran&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+%26+Co+Ltd.%2C+in+association+with+the+London+Middle+East+Institute+at+SOAS+and+the+British+Museum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-406-0&rft.aulast=Bivar&rft.aufirst=A.D.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDąbrowa2012" class="citation book cs1">Dąbrowa, Edward (2012). "The Arsacid Empire". In <a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, Touraj</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190101051501/https://books.google.dk/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ&pg"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-987575-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-987575-7"><bdi>978-0-19-987575-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ">the original</a> on 1 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arsacid+Empire&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Iranian+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E432&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-987575-7&rft.aulast=D%C4%85browa&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK-poAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDąbrowa2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dąbrowa, Edward (2017). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/35960477">"Tacitus on the Parthians"</a></span>. <i>Electrum</i>: <span class="nowrap">171–</span>189.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrum&rft.atitle=Tacitus+on+the+Parthians&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E171-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=D%C4%85browa&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F35960477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllerbrock2021" class="citation book cs1">Ellerbrock, Uwe (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pFEXEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Parthians: The Forgotten Empire</i></a>. Oxford: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0367481902" title="Special:BookSources/978-0367481902"><bdi>978-0367481902</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parthians%3A+The+Forgotten+Empire&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0367481902&rft.aulast=Ellerbrock&rft.aufirst=Uwe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpFEXEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregoratti2017" class="citation book cs1">Gregoratti, Leonardo (2017). "The Arsacid Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=unTjswEACAAJ"><i>King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE)</i></a>. UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780692864401" title="Special:BookSources/9780692864401"><bdi>9780692864401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arsacid+Empire&rft.btitle=King+of+the+Seven+Climes%3A+A+History+of+the+Ancient+Iranian+World+%283000+BCE+-+651+CE%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E236&rft.pub=UCI+Jordan+Center+for+Persian+Studies&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780692864401&rft.aulast=Gregoratti&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DunTjswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukonin1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lukonin, V.G. (1983). "Political, Social and Administrative Institutions: Taxes and Trade". In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y7IHmyKcPtYC"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i></a>. Vol. 3(2): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">681–</span>746. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24693-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24693-8"><bdi>0-521-24693-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Political%2C+Social+and+Administrative+Institutions%3A+Taxes+and+Trade&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E681-%3C%2Fspan%3E746&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-521-24693-8&rft.aulast=Lukonin&rft.aufirst=V.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy7IHmyKcPtYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcato2018" class="citation book cs1">Marcato, Enrico (2018). <i>Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra</i>. Digital Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788869692314" title="Special:BookSources/9788869692314"><bdi>9788869692314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Names+in+the+Aramaic+Inscriptions+of+Hatra&rft.pub=Digital+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9788869692314&rft.aulast=Marcato&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlbrycht2016" class="citation book cs1">Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2016). "Dynastic Connections in the Arsacid Empire and the Origins of the House of Sāsān". In Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Pendleton, Elizabeth J.; Alram, Michael; Daryaee, Touraj (eds.). <i>The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion</i>. Oxbow Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781785702082" title="Special:BookSources/9781785702082"><bdi>9781785702082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dynastic+Connections+in+the+Arsacid+Empire+and+the+Origins+of+the+House+of+S%C4%81s%C4%81n&rft.btitle=The+Parthian+and+Early+Sasanian+Empires%3A+Adaptation+and+Expansion&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781785702082&rft.aulast=Olbrycht&rft.aufirst=Marek+Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vardanes_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlbrycht2012" class="citation journal cs1">Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/31826819">"The Political-Military Strategy of Artabanos/Ardawān II in AD 34–371"</a>. <i>Anabasis. Studia Classica et Orientalia</i>: <span class="nowrap">215–</span>237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anabasis.+Studia+Classica+et+Orientalia&rft.atitle=The+Political-Military+Strategy+of+Artabanos%2FArdaw%C4%81n+II+in+AD+34%E2%80%93371&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E237&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Olbrycht&rft.aufirst=Marek+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F31826819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlbrycht2014" class="citation journal cs1">Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9955926">"The Genealogy of Artabanos II (AD 8/9–39/40), King of Parthia"</a>. <i>Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica</i>: <span class="nowrap">92–</span>97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5604%2F20842937.1134333">10.5604/20842937.1134333</a> (inactive 2 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellanea+Anthropologica+et+Sociologica&rft.atitle=The+Genealogy+of+Artabanos+II+%28AD+8%2F9%E2%80%9339%2F40%29%2C+King+of+Parthia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5604%2F20842937.1134333&rft.aulast=Olbrycht&rft.aufirst=Marek+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9955926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlbrycht2015" class="citation journal cs1">Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12173945">"Arsacid Iran and the nomads of Central Asia – Ways of cultural transfer"</a>. <i>Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology</i>: <span class="nowrap">333–</span>390.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bonn+Contributions+to+Asian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Arsacid+Iran+and+the+nomads+of+Central+Asia+%E2%80%93+Ways+of+cultural+transfer&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E333-%3C%2Fspan%3E390&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Olbrycht&rft.aufirst=Marek+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12173945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVardanes+I" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Vardanes I </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid Empire">Arsacid dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 46</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parthian_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parthian monarchs">King of the Parthian Empire</a> </b><br />40–46 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotarzes II of Parthia">Gotarzes II</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_the_Parthian_Empire_(247_BC_–_224_AD)139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parthian_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parthian monarchs">Rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> <small>(247 BC – 224 AD)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsaces_I_of_Parthia" title="Arsaces I of Parthia">Arsaces I</a> <small>(247–217 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsaces_II_of_Parthia" title="Arsaces II of Parthia">Arsaces II</a> <small>(217–191 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapatius" title="Priapatius">Priapatius</a> <small>(191–170 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_I" title="Phraates I">Phraates I</a> <small>(170/168–165/164 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates I of Parthia">Mithridates I</a> <small>(165/4–132 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates II</a> <small>(132–127 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_I_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus I of Parthia">Artabanus I</a> <small>(127–124 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates II of Parthia">Mithridates II</a> <small>(124–91 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_I" title="Gotarzes I">Gotarzes I</a> <small>(91–87/80 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates III of Parthia">Mithridates III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(87–80 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_I_of_Parthia" title="Orodes I of Parthia">Orodes I</a> <small>(80–75 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces of Parthia">Sinatruces</a> <small>(75–69 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_III" title="Phraates III">Phraates III</a> <small>(69–57 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_IV_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates IV of Parthia">Mithridates IV</a> <small>(57–54 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_II" title="Orodes II">Orodes II</a> <small>(57–37 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_I" title="Pacorus I">Pacorus I</a> <small>(39 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV" title="Phraates IV">Phraates IV</a> <small>(37–2 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Tiridates II of Parthia">Tiridates II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(32 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa</a> <small>(2 BC–4 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_V" title="Phraates V">Phraates V</a> <small>(2 BC–4 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a> <small>(4–6 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a> <small>(6–12 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> <small>(12–35 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Parthia" title="Tiridates III of Parthia">Tiridates III</a> <small>(35–36 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> <small>(36–38/41 AD)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vardanes I</a> <small>(40–46 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II" title="Gotarzes II">Gotarzes II</a> <small>(40–51 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meherdates" title="Meherdates">Meherdates</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(49–51 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonones_II" title="Vonones II">Vonones II</a> <small>(51 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Parthia" title="Vologases I of Parthia">Vologases I</a> <small>(51–78 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardanes_II" title="Vardanes II">Vardanes II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(55–58 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> <small>(78–110 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_II_of_Parthia" title="Vologases II of Parthia">Vologases II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(78–80 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_III_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus III of Parthia">Artabanus III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(79–81 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(109–129 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_III_of_Parthia" title="Vologases III of Parthia">Vologases III</a> <small>(110–147 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthamaspates_of_Parthia" title="Parthamaspates of Parthia">Parthamaspates</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(116–117 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_II_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces II of Parthia">Sinatruces II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(116 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates V of Parthia">Mithridates V</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(129–140 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a> <small>(147–191 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroes_II" title="Osroes II">Osroes II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(191 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_V" title="Vologases V">Vologases V</a> <small>(191–208 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_VI" title="Vologases VI">Vologases VI</a> <small>(208–228 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_IV_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus IV of Parthia">Artabanus IV</a> <small>(213–224 AD)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> usurpers or rival claimants</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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