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searchaux" style="display:none">1636-37 painting by Peter Paul Rubens</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Pallas and Arachne</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Pallas und Arachne</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubens_Arachne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rubens_Arachne.jpg/300px-Rubens_Arachne.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rubens_Arachne.jpg/450px-Rubens_Arachne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rubens_Arachne.jpg/600px-Rubens_Arachne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1636-37</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">Oil on wood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Movement</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">26.67 cm × 38.1 cm (10.50 in × 15.0 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a><sup id="cite_ref-bookAN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookAN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Collection of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Infantado" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Infantado">Duke of Infantado</a> <br />Collection of the Duc de Pastrana <br />Collection of the Duc d'Osuna <br />Collection of Michel van Galder <br />Newhouse Galleries by 1958 <br />Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1958-present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Accession</th><td class="infobox-data">Accessioned May 14, 1958</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vmfa.museum/piction/6027262-8059131/">www<wbr />.vmfa<wbr />.museum<wbr />/piction<wbr />/6027262-8059131<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Pallas and Arachne</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Pallas und Arachne</i>), also known as <i><b>Minerva Punishing Arachne</b></i> and occasionally referred to as <i><b>Arachne Punished by Pallas</b></i>, is an oil-on-board <a href="/wiki/Oil_study" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil study">oil study</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> completed in 1636 or 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-book2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was a study for one of the series of paintings Rubens and his workshop painted for the <a href="/wiki/Torre_de_la_Parada" title="Torre de la Parada">Torre de la Parada</a>, which is now lost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallas_and_Arachne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The painting depicts the story from <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> of the weaving contest between the god <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> and the mortal <a href="/wiki/Arachne" title="Arachne">Arachne</a>. In the original myth, Athena challenges Arachne and loses, but Athena punishes Arachne anyway for insulting the gods by not recognizing the divine source of Athena's artistic skill and for creating a more beautiful work than her own. </p><p>In the background of the canvas hangs a partially-visible tapestry of <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Europa_(Titian)" title="The Rape of Europa (Titian)">The Rape of Europa</a></i> which, according to Ovid's version of the story, was the theme of the tapestry woven by Arachne during the contest with Athena.<sup id="cite_ref-journalIRISH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalIRISH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallas_and_Arachne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rubens's <i>Pallas and Arachne</i> was copied by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Mart%C3%ADnez_del_Mazo" title="Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo">Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo</a>, the Spanish Baroque painter and son-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>. Velázquez positioned Mazo's copy of <i>Pallas and Arachne</i> behind him during his composition of <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Meninas" title="Las Meninas">Las Meninas</a></i>, which he paired with another painting about different contest of the arts between gods and mortals (<i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_as_Victor_over_Pan" title="Apollo as Victor over Pan">Apollo as Victor over Pan</a></i>). The copy of <i>Pallas and Arachne</i> was then painted into the background of the scene in <i>Las Meninas</i>, which would go on to be one of the most recognized and analyzed canvases in the history of <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">western art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A copy by Rubens of Velázquez's favorite work, Titian's <i>The Rape of Europa</i>, was owned by The Royal Collection of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a>. The work can be seen in the background of <i>Pallas and Arachne</i>, which in turn can be seen in the background of <i>Las Meninas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-journalIRISH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalIRISH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallas_and_Arachne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bookAN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bookAN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNagel2017" class="citation book cs1">Nagel, Andrew (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TYrDwAAQBAJ&q=%22pallas+and+arachne%22+%22virginia+museum+of+fine+arts%22&pg=PA182"><i>Subject as Aporia in Early Modern Art</i></a>. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754664932" title="Special:BookSources/9780754664932"><bdi>9780754664932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subject+as+Aporia+in+Early+Modern+Art&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Routledge+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780754664932&rft.aulast=Nagel&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1TYrDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522pallas%2Band%2Barachne%2522%2B%2522virginia%2Bmuseum%2Bof%2Bfine%2Barts%2522%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallas+and+Arachne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-book2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToohey2014" class="citation book cs1">Toohey, Peter (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ququBAAAQBAJ&q=pallas+and+arachne+rubens&pg=PT142"><i>Jealousy</i></a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18968-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18968-1"><bdi>978-0-300-18968-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jealousy&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18968-1&rft.aulast=Toohey&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DququBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpallas%2Band%2Barachne%2Brubens%26pg%3DPT142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallas+and+Arachne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldenbourg1921" class="citation book cs1">Oldenbourg, Ralph (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i589AQAAMAAJ&q=pallas+and+arachne+rubens&pg=PA385"><i>The Work of Rubens: Abridged from Adolf Rosenberg, 4th Edition</i></a>. New York: Brentano's. p. 385. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754664932" title="Special:BookSources/9780754664932"><bdi>9780754664932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Work+of+Rubens%3A+Abridged+from+Adolf+Rosenberg%2C+4th+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=Brentano%27s&rft.date=1921&rft.isbn=9780754664932&rft.aulast=Oldenbourg&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di589AQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dpallas%2Band%2Barachne%2Brubens%26pg%3DPA385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallas+and+Arachne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-journalIRISH-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-journalIRISH_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journalIRISH_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemport2011" class="citation journal cs1">Remport, Eglantina (2011). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I usually first see a play as a picture': Lady Gregory and the Visual Arts". <i>Irish University Review</i>. <b>41</b> (2011): 42–58. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24576099">24576099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+University+Review&rft.atitle=%27I+usually+first+see+a+play+as+a+picture%27%3A+Lady+Gregory+and+the+Visual+Arts&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2011&rft.pages=42-58&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24576099%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Remport&rft.aufirst=Eglantina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallas+and+Arachne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivermore2017" class="citation book cs1">Livermore, Ann (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KrbbF9jZtdcC&q=%22pallas+and+arachne%22+rubens&pg=PA97"><i>Artists and Aesthetics in Spain</i></a>. London: Tamesis Books Limited. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7293-0294-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7293-0294-4"><bdi>978-0-7293-0294-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artists+and+Aesthetics+in+Spain&rft.place=London&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Tamesis+Books+Limited&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7293-0294-4&rft.aulast=Livermore&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKrbbF9jZtdcC%26q%3D%2522pallas%2Band%2Barachne%2522%2Brubens%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallas+and+Arachne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/artist/las_meninas.html">"Velázquez's Las Meninas"</a>. SUNY Oneonta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vel%C3%A1zquez%27s+Las+Meninas&rft.pub=SUNY+Oneonta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femployees.oneonta.edu%2Ffarberas%2Farth%2Farth200%2Fartist%2Flas_meninas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallas+and+Arachne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKRKrpz09Fk">Las Meninas: Is This The Best Painting In History?</a> Published Jan 20, 2016. Accessed June 21, 2019.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Peter_Paul_Rubens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Template:Peter Paul Rubens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Template talk:Peter Paul Rubens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peter Paul Rubens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peter_Paul_Rubens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Paintings<br />and drawings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Descent_from_the_Cross_(Rubens,_1600%E2%80%931602)" title="The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1600–1602)">The Descent from the Cross</a></i> (Siegen; 1600–1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leda_and_the_Swan_(Rubens)" title="Leda and the Swan (Rubens)">Leda and the Swan</a></i> (1601, 1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Deposition_(Rubens)" title="The Deposition (Rubens)">The Deposition</a> </i>(1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_in_a_Circle_of_Friends_from_Mantua" title="Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua">Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua</a></i> (1602–1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Portrait_of_the_Duke_of_Lerma" title="Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma">Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma</a> </i>(1603)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Young_Woman_(Rubens)" title="Portrait of a Young Woman (Rubens)">Portrait of a Young Woman</a></i> (1603)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_and_Omphale_(Rubens)" title="Hercules and Omphale (Rubens)">Hercules and Omphale</a></i> (1603)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus_and_Democritus_(Rubens)" title="Heraclitus and Democritus (Rubens)">Heraclitus and Democritus</a></i> (1603)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child_(Rubens)" title="Virgin and Child (Rubens)">Virgin and Child</a></i> (c. 1604)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Phaeton_(Rubens)" title="The Fall of Phaeton (Rubens)">The Fall of Phaeton</a></i> (c. 1604/1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Christ_(Rubens)" title="The Baptism of Christ (Rubens)">The Baptism of Christ</a></i> (1604–1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gonzaga_Family_in_Adoration_of_the_Holy_Trinity" title="The Gonzaga Family in Adoration of the Holy Trinity">The Gonzaga Family in Adoration of the Holy Trinity</a></i> (1604–1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_(Rubens)" title="Transfiguration (Rubens)">Transfiguration</a></i> (1604–1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Circumcision_(Rubens)" title="The Circumcision (Rubens)">The Circumcision</a></i> (1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marchesa_Brigida_Spinola-Doria" title="Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria">Portrait of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria</a></i> (1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Maria_di_Antonio_Serra" title="Portrait of Maria di Antonio Serra">Portrait of Maria di Antonio Serra</a></i> (1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Noblewoman_with_an_Attendant" title="Portrait of a Noblewoman with an Attendant">Portrait of a Noblewoman with an Attendant</a></i> (1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Giovanni_Carlo_Doria_on_Horseback" title="Portrait of Giovanni Carlo Doria on Horseback">Portrait of Giovanni Carlo Doria on Horseback</a></i> (1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_della_Vallicella" title="Madonna della Vallicella">Madonna della Vallicella</a></i> (1606–1608)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Susanna_and_the_Elders_(Rubens)" title="Susanna and the Elders (Rubens)">Susanna and the Elders</a></i> (1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Head_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_Presented_to_Salome" title="The Head of Saint John the Baptist Presented to Salome">The Head of Saint John the Baptist Presented to Salome</a></i> (c. 1609)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Rubens,_Madrid)" title="Adoration of the Magi (Rubens, Madrid)">Adoration of the Magi</a></i> (Madrid; 1609 and 1628–29)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samson_and_Delilah_(Rubens)" title="Samson and Delilah (Rubens)">Samson and Delilah</a></i> (1609–1610)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honeysuckle_Bower" title="Honeysuckle Bower">Honeysuckle Bower</a> </i>(1609–1610)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Virgin_(Rubens)" title="Coronation of the Virgin (Rubens)">Coronation of the Virgin</a></i> (1609–1611)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juno_and_Argus" title="Juno and Argus">Juno and Argus</a></i> (1610)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elevation_of_the_Cross_(Rubens)" title="The Elevation of the Cross (Rubens)">Raising of the Cross</a></i> (1610–1611)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Saint_Paul_(Rubens,_London)" title="The Conversion of Saint Paul (Rubens, London)">Conversion of Saint Paul</a></i> (London; 1610–1612)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents_(Rubens)" title="Massacre of the Innocents (Rubens)">Massacre of the Innocents</a></i> (c. 1611)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Frigida" title="Venus Frigida">Venus Frigida</a></i> (1611)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Bound_(Rubens)" title="Prometheus Bound (Rubens)">Prometheus Bound</a> </i>(1611–1612)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Philosophers" title="The Four Philosophers">The Four Philosophers</a></i> (1611–1612)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_(Rubens,_Antwerp)" title="Resurrection (Rubens, Antwerp)">Antwerp Resurrection</a></i> (1611–1612)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Rubens)" title="Visitation (Rubens)">Visitation</a></i> (c. 1611–1615)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Charity_(Rubens)" title="Roman Charity (Rubens)">Roman Charity</a></i> (1612)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_Homo_(Rubens)" title="Ecce Homo (Rubens)">Ecce Homo</a></i> (1612)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Descent_from_the_Cross_(Rubens,_1612%E2%80%931614)" title="The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612–1614)">Descent from the Cross</a></i> (Antwerp; 1612–1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Teresa_of_%C3%81vila%27s_Vision_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit">Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit</a></i> (Rotterdam; 1612–1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Teresa_of_%C3%81vila%27s_Vision_of_the_Holy_Spirit_(Cambridge)" title="Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit (Cambridge)">Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit</a></i> (Cambridge; c. 1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tribute_Money_(Rubens)" title="The Tribute Money (Rubens)">The Tribute Money</a></i> (1612–1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defeat_of_Sennacherib" title="The Defeat of Sennacherib">The Defeat of Sennacherib</a></i> (1612–1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Continents" title="The Four Continents">The Four Continents</a></i> (1610s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Giving_the_Keys_to_Saint_Peter_(Rubens)" title="Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter (Rubens)">Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter</a></i> (1612–1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Commander" title="Portrait of a Commander">Portrait of a Commander</a></i> (1613)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crowning_of_the_Virtuous_Hero" title="The Crowning of the Virtuous Hero">The Crowning of the Virtuous Hero</a></i> (1613–1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredulity_of_Saint_Thomas_(Rubens)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (Rubens)">The Incredulity of Saint Thomas</a></i> (1613–1615)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Adonis_(Rubens)" title="The Death of Adonis (Rubens)">The Death of Adonis</a></i> (1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_and_Adonis_(Rubens,_1614)" title="Venus and Adonis (Rubens, 1614)">Venus and Adonis</a></i> (1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Sebastian_(Rubens)" title="St Sebastian (Rubens)">St Sebastian</a></i> (c. 1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Mary_and_Saint_Francis_Saving_the_World_from_Christ%27s_Anger" title="The Virgin Mary and Saint Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger">The Virgin Mary and Saint Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger</a></i> (c. 1614)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_the_Basket_(Rubens)" title="Madonna of the Basket (Rubens)">Madonna della Cesta</a></i> (1615)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ixion,_King_of_the_Lapiths,_Deceived_by_Juno,_Who_He_Wished_to_Seduce" title="Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce">Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce</a></i> (1615)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_Lions%27_Den_(Rubens)" title="Daniel in the Lions' Den (Rubens)">Daniel in the Lions' Den</a></i> (1615)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacchanalia_(Rubens)" title="Bacchanalia (Rubens)">Bacchanalia</a></i> (c. 1615)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Statue_of_Ceres" title="A Statue of Ceres">A Statue of Ceres</a></i> (c. 1615)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hippopotamus_and_Crocodile_Hunt" title="The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt">The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt</a></i> (1615–1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tiger_Hunt" title="The Tiger Hunt">The Tiger Hunt</a></i> (1615–1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_and_Saint_Ambrose_(Rubens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosius and Saint Ambrose (Rubens)">Theodosius and Saint Ambrose</a></i> (1615–1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Boar_Hunt_(Rubens,_Marseille)" title="The Wild Boar Hunt (Rubens, Marseille)">The Wild Boar Hunt</a></i> (1615–1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Resurrection_of_Christ_(Rubens,_Florence)" title="The Resurrection of Christ (Rubens, Florence)">Florence Resurrection</a></i> (1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_and_Child_Surrounded_by_the_Holy_Innocents" title="The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents">The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents</a></i> (1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erichthonius_Discovered_by_the_Daughters_of_Cecrops_(Rubens)" title="Erichthonius Discovered by the Daughters of Cecrops (Rubens)">Erichthonius Discovered by the Daughters of Cecrops</a></i> (c. 1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_and_Fox_Hunt" title="The Wolf and Fox Hunt">The Wolf and Fox Hunt</a></i> (c. 1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_and_Leopard_Hunt" title="The Lion and Leopard Hunt">The Lion and Leopard Hunt</a></i> (c. 1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romulus_and_Remus_(Rubens)" title="Romulus and Remus (Rubens)">Romulus and Remus</a></i> (1615–1616)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_St._Francis_Xavier_(Rubens)" title="Miracles of St. Francis Xavier (Rubens)">Miracles of St. Francis Xavier</a></i> (1616–1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen_Triptych" title="Saint Stephen Triptych">Saint Stephen Triptych</a></i> (1616–1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Women_with_a_Candle" title="Two Women with a Candle">Two Women with a Candle</a></i> (1616–1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Descent_from_the_Cross_(Rubens,_1617)" title="The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1617)">Descent from the Cross</a></i> (Lille; 1616–1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meeting_Between_Abraham_and_Melchizedek_(Rubens)" title="The Meeting Between Abraham and Melchizedek (Rubens)">The Meeting Between Abraham and Melchizedek</a></i> (1616–1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_and_the_Penitent_Sinners" title="Christ and the Penitent Sinners">Christ and the Penitent Sinners</a></i> (1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_and_Rhea_Silvia" title="Mars and Rhea Silvia">Mars and Rhea Silvia</a></i> (1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_with_the_Fall_of_Man" title="The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man">The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man</a></i> (1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Last_Judgement_(Rubens)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Last Judgement (Rubens)">The Great Last Judgement</a></i> (1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Bearded_Man" title="A Bearded Man">A Bearded Man</a></i> (c. 1617–18)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Rubens,_Lyon)" title="Adoration of the Magi (Rubens, Lyon)">Adoration of the Magi</a></i> (Lyon; 1617–1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Senses_(series)" title="The Five Senses (series)">The Five Senses</a></i> (1617–1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Satyrs" title="Two Satyrs">Two Satyrs</a></i> (1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(Rubens)" title="Medusa (Rubens)">Medusa</a></i> (1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Daughters_of_Leucippus" title="The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus">The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus</a></i> (c. 1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Triumphant_over_Sin_and_Death_(Rubens)" title="Christ Triumphant over Sin and Death (Rubens)">Christ Triumphant over Sin and Death</a></i> (c. 1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Rubens)" title="The Prodigal Son (Rubens)">The Prodigal Son</a></i> (1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Union_of_Earth_and_Water" title="The Union of Earth and Water">The Union of Earth and Water</a></i> (c. 1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tigress_with_Her_Cubs" title="Tigress with Her Cubs">Tigress with Her Cubs</a></i> (attributed; 1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mucius_Scaevola_before_Lars_Porsenna" title="Mucius Scaevola before Lars Porsenna">Mucius Scaevola before Lars Porsenna</a></i> (c. 1618–1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_in_the_House_of_Simon_the_Pharisee_(Rubens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee (Rubens)">Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee</a></i> (1618–1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Boar_Hunt_(Rubens,_Dresden)" title="The Wild Boar Hunt (Rubens, Dresden)">The Wild Boar Hunt</a></i> (1618–1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalene_in_Ecstasy" title="St Mary Magdalene in Ecstasy">St Mary Magdalene in Ecstasy</a></i> (1619–1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Small_Last_Judgement_(Rubens)" title="The Small Last Judgement (Rubens)">The Small Last Judgement</a></i> (1619)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Saint_Paul_(Rubens,_Berlin)" title="The Conversion of Saint Paul (Rubens, Berlin)">Conversion of Saint Paul</a></i> (1620s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_Damned" title="The Fall of the Damned">The Fall of the Damned</a></i> (c. 1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_Philemon_and_Baucis" title="Landscape with Philemon and Baucis">Landscape with Philemon and Baucis</a></i> (c. 1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_in_Armor" title="Portrait of a Young Man in Armor">Portrait of a Young Man in Armor</a></i> (c. 1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_and_the_Dragon_(Rubens)" title="Saint George and the Dragon (Rubens)">Saint George and the Dragon</a></i> (c. 1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perseus_Freeing_Andromeda_(Rubens)" title="Perseus Freeing Andromeda (Rubens)">Perseus Freeing Andromeda</a></i> (1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saints_Dominic_and_Francis_Saving_the_World_from_Christ%27s_Anger" title="Saints Dominic and Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger">Saints Dominic and Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger</a></i> (1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Orithyia_by_Boreas" title="The Rape of Orithyia by Boreas">The Rape of Orithyia by Boreas</a></i> (1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_on_the_Cross_(Rubens)" title="Christ on the Cross (Rubens)">Christ on the Cross</a></i> (1620)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Graces_(Rubens,_Florence)" title="The Three Graces (Rubens, Florence)">The Three Graces</a></i> (Florence; 1620–1623)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Brant_(drawing)" title="Isabella Brant (drawing)">Isabella Brant</a></i> (c. 1621)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_Hunt_(Rubens)" title="The Lion Hunt (Rubens)">The Lion Hunt</a></i> (1621)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici_cycle" title="Marie de' Medici cycle">Marie de' Medici cycle</a></i> (1621–1630)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Susanna_Lunden" title="Portrait of Susanna Lunden">Portrait of Susanna Lunden</a></i> (1622)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perseus_and_Andromeda_(Rubens)" title="Perseus and Andromeda (Rubens)">Perseus and Andromeda</a></i> (c. 1622)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Constantine" title="The History of Constantine">The History of Constantine</a></i> (1622–1625)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_(Rubens,_London)" title="Self-Portrait (Rubens, London)">Self-Portrait</a></i> (1623)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Saint_Bavo" title="The Conversion of Saint Bavo">The Conversion of Saint Bavo</a></i> (1623–1624)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diana_and_Her_Nymphs_Leaving_for_the_Hunt" title="Diana and Her Nymphs Leaving for the Hunt">Diana and Her Nymphs Leaving for the Hunt</a></i> (1623–1624)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Rubens,_Antwerp)" title="Adoration of the Magi (Rubens, Antwerp)">Adoration of the Magi</a></i> (Antwerp; 1624)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reconciliation_of_Esau_and_Jacob" title="The Reconciliation of Esau and Jacob">The Reconciliation of Esau and Jacob</a></i> (1624)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Appointing_Saint_Roch_as_Patron_Saint_of_Plague_Victims" title="Christ Appointing Saint Roch as Patron Saint of Plague Victims">Christ Appointing Saint Roch as Patron Saint of Plague Victims</a></i> (1623–1626)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Infanta_Isabella_Clara_Eugenia_(Rubens)" title="Portrait of Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia (Rubens)">Portrait of Infante Isabella Clara Eugenia</a></i> (1625)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_portrait_of_George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Lost portrait of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Portrait of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham</a></i> (c. 1625)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_the_Virgin_(Rubens,_Antwerp)" title="Assumption of the Virgin (Rubens, Antwerp)">Assumption of the Virgin</a></i> (Antwerp; 1625–1626)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_and_the_Hermit" title="Angelica and the Hermit">Angelica and the Hermit</a></i> (c. 1626–1628)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_at_the_Battle_of_Ivry" title="Henry IV at the Battle of Ivry">Henry IV at the Battle of Ivry</a></i> (1627)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumphal_Entry_of_Henry_IV_into_Paris" title="The Triumphal Entry of Henry IV into Paris">The Triumphal Entry of Henry IV into Paris</a></i> (1627)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annunciation_(Rubens)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Annunciation (Rubens)">The Annunciation</a></i> (1627–1628)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Rubens)" title="The Fall of Man (Rubens)">The Fall of Man</a></i> (1628–1629)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Europa_(Rubens)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rape of Europa (Rubens)">The Rape of Europa</a></i> (1628–1629)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Protecting_Peace_from_Mars" title="Minerva Protecting Peace from Mars">Minerva Protecting Peace from Mars</a></i> (1629–1630)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cimon_and_Pero_(Rubens)" title="Cimon and Pero (Rubens)">Cimon and Pero</a></i> (1630)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(Rubens)" title="Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (Rubens)">Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</a></i> (c. 1630)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crowning_of_Saint_Catherine" title="The Crowning of Saint Catherine">The Crowning of Saint Catherine</a></i> (1631)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ildefonso_Altarpiece" title="Ildefonso Altarpiece">The Ildefonso Altarpiece</a></i> (1630–1631)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper_(Rubens)" title="Last Supper (Rubens)">Last Supper</a></i> (1630–1631)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_on_the_Island_of_the_Phaecians" title="Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians">Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians</a></i> (1630–1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Finding_of_Erichthonius" title="The Finding of Erichthonius">The Finding of Erichthonius</a></i> (1632–1634)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rainbow_Landscape_(1632%E2%80%931635)" title="The Rainbow Landscape (1632–1635)">The Rainbow Landscape</a></i> (Saint Petersburg; 1632–1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Love_(Rubens)" title="The Garden of Love (Rubens)">The Garden of Love</a></i> (c. 1633)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Rubens,_Cambridge)" title="Adoration of the Magi (Rubens, Cambridge)">Adoration of the Magi</a></i> (Cambridge; 1634)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba_at_the_Fountain" title="Bathsheba at the Fountain">Bathsheba at the Fountain</a></i> (c. 1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Villagers" title="The Dance of the Villagers">The Dance of the Villagers</a></i> (1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helena_Fourment_with_Her_Son_Frans" title="Helena Fourment with Her Son Frans">Helena Fourment with Her Son Frans</a></i> (1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_and_Adonis_(Rubens,_1635)" title="Venus and Adonis (Rubens, 1635)">Venus and Adonis</a></i> (New York; 1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_the_Church_(Rubens)" title="The Triumph of the Church (Rubens)">The Triumph of the Church</a></i> (1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Feast_of_Venus_(Rubens)" title="The Feast of Venus (Rubens)">The Feast of Venus</a></i> (1635–1636)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deucalion_and_Pyrrha_(Rubens)" title="Deucalion and Pyrrha (Rubens)">Deucalion and Pyrrha</a></i> (1636–1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Feast_of_Herod_(Rubens)" title="The Feast of Herod (Rubens)">The Feast of Herod</a></i> (1635–1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_F%C3%AAte_(Rubens)" title="The Village Fête (Rubens)">The Village Fête</a></i> (1635–1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mercury_and_Argus_(Rubens)" title="Mercury and Argus (Rubens)">Mercury and Argus</a></i> (1635–1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hercules%27s_Dog_Discovers_Purple_Dye" title="Hercules's Dog Discovers Purple Dye">Hercules's Dog Discovers Purple Dye</a></i> (c. 1636)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helena_Fourment_with_Children" title="Helena Fourment with Children">Helena Fourment with Children</a></i> (1636)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_View_of_Het_Steen_in_the_Early_Morning" title="A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning">A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning</a></i> (1636)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(Rubens)" title="Saturn (Rubens)">Saturn</a></i> (1636)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rainbow_Landscape_(1636)" title="The Rainbow Landscape (1636)">The Rainbow Landscape</a></i> (London; 1636)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pallas and Arachne</a></i> (1636–1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Het_Pelsken" title="Het Pelsken">Het Pelsken</a></i> (1636–1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_the_Virgin_(Rubens,_Vienna)" title="Assumption of the Virgin (Rubens, Vienna)">Assumption of the Virgin</a></i> (Vienna; c. 1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_the_Milky_Way" title="The Birth of the Milky Way">The Birth of the Milky Way</a></i> (c. 1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consequences_of_War" title="Consequences of War">Consequences of War</a></i> (c. 1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_in_the_Garden_of_the_Hesperides" title="Hercules in the Garden of the Hesperides">Hercules in the Garden of the Hesperides</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Deianira_Listens_to_Fame" title="Deianira Listens to Fame">Deianira Listens to Fame</a></i> (1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Graces_(Rubens,_Madrid)" title="The Three Graces (Rubens, Madrid)">The Three Graces</a></i> (Madrid; 1636–1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Ganymede_(Rubens)" title="The Rape of Ganymede (Rubens)">The Rape of Ganymede</a></i> (1636–1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diana_and_Callisto_(Rubens)" title="Diana and Callisto (Rubens)">Diana and Callisto</a></i> (1637–1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helena_Fourment_with_a_Carriage" title="Helena Fourment with a Carriage">Helena Fourment with a Carriage</a></i> (1638)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_(Rubens,_Vienna)" title="Self-Portrait (Rubens, Vienna)">Self-Portrait</a></i> (Vienna; 1638–1639)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacchus_(Rubens)" title="Bacchus (Rubens)">Bacchus</a></i> (1638–1640)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women_(Rubens)" title="The Rape of the Sabine Women (Rubens)">The Rape of the Sabine Women</a></i> (1639–1640)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peasants_Returning_From_The_Fields" title="The Peasants Returning From The Fields">The Peasants Returning From The Fields</a></i> (1640)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rainbow_Landscape_(1640)" title="The Rainbow Landscape (1640)">The Rainbow Landscape</a></i> (Munich; 1640)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Judgement_of_Paris_(Rubens)" title="The Judgement of Paris (Rubens)">Judgment of Paris</a></i> (various)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Tapestries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Constantine" title="The History of Constantine">The History of Constantine</a></i> (1622–1640) (with <a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Palazzi_di_Genova" title="Palazzi di Genova">Palazzi di Genova</a></i> (1622)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubenshuis" title="Rubenshuis">Rubenshuis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubens_family" title="Rubens family">Rubens family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Brant" title="Isabella Brant">Isabella Brant</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Fourment" title="Helena Fourment">Helena Fourment</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Rubens,_Lord_of_Rameyen" title="Nicolaas Rubens, Lord of Rameyen">Nicolaas Rubens, Lord of Rameyen</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Rubens" title="Albert Rubens">Albert Rubens</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Rubens" title="Jan Rubens">Jan Rubens</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pypelinckx" title="Maria Pypelinckx">Maria Pypelinckx</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rubens" title="Philip Rubens">Philip Rubens</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Verhaecht" title="Tobias Verhaecht">Tobias Verhaecht</a> (teacher)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_van_Noort" title="Adam van Noort">Adam van Noort</a> (teacher)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_van_Veen" title="Otto van Veen">Otto van Veen</a> (teacher)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Rockox" title="Nicolaas Rockox">Nicolaas Rockox</a> (friend)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubens_(film)" title="Rubens (film)">Rubens</a></i> (1977 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubenesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubenesque">Rubenesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubens%27_Europe" title="Rubens' Europe">Rubens' Europe</a> (exhibition)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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