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Principal investigator - Wikipedia
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Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_Investigator" title="Principal Investigator – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Principal Investigator" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigador_principal" title="Investigador principal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Investigador principal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="முதன்மை ஆய்வாளர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதன்மை ஆய்வாளர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%91%98" title="首席研究员 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="首席研究员" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Leader of research project</div> <p>In many countries, the term <b>principal investigator</b> (<b>PI</b>) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trial</a>. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_funding">Federal funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principal_investigator&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Federal funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the context of United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal funding">federal funding</a> from agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH) or the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF), the PI is the person who takes direct responsibility for completion of a funded project, directing the research and reporting directly to the funding agency.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For small projects (which might involve 1–5 people) the PI is typically the person who conceived the investigation, but for larger projects the PI may be selected by a team to obtain the best strategic advantage for the project.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the context of a clinical trial, a PI may be an academic working with grants from <a href="/wiki/NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a> or other funding agencies, or may be effectively a contractor for a <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical company">pharmaceutical company</a> working on testing the safety and efficacy of new medicines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There were 20,458 PIs on <a href="/wiki/NIH_grant#R01" title="NIH grant">NIH R01 grants</a> in US biomedical research in 2000. In 2013, this number was 21,511. At the same time, the success rate for an applicant to receive an R01 grant went down from 32% in 2000 to 17% in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Couzin-Frankel_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Couzin-Frankel-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principal_investigator&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827195915/https://www.ukri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NERC-20072021-GrantsFellowshipsHandbook2021.pdf">"NERC RESEARCH GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS HANDBOOK"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UK Research and Innovation</i>. February 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NERC-20072021-GrantsFellowshipsHandbook2021.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Research+and+Innovation&rft.atitle=NERC+RESEARCH+GRANTS+AND+FELLOWSHIPS+HANDBOOK&rft.date=2021-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukri.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F07%2FNERC-20072021-GrantsFellowshipsHandbook2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipal+investigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFResearch_Councils" class="citation web cs1">Research Councils. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://je-s.rcuk.ac.uk/Handbook/pages/GuidanceonCompletingaStandardG/Co_Investigators.htm">"Joint Electronic Submissions Handbook: Co-Investigators"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Electronic+Submissions+Handbook%3A+Co-Investigators&rft.au=Research+Councils&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fje-s.rcuk.ac.uk%2FHandbook%2Fpages%2FGuidanceonCompletingaStandardG%2FCo_Investigators.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipal+investigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2002/nsf02151/gpm2.jsp#210">NSF Grant Policy Manual 210f 'Definitions: Principal Investigator'</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/glossary/default5.htm#pi">NIAID (NIH) 'Glossary of Funding and Policy Terms and Acronyms'</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Couzin-Frankel-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Couzin-Frankel_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouzin-Frankel2014" class="citation journal cs1">Couzin-Frankel, J (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semanticscholar.org/paper/fdebf3b87ad8e5416b30f9cf731a3906ed6c0094">"Chasing the money"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>344</b> (6179): 24–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.344.6179.24">10.1126/science.344.6179.24</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24700835">24700835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Chasing+the+money&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=6179&rft.pages=24-5&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.344.6179.24&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24700835&rft.aulast=Couzin-Frankel&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsemanticscholar.org%2Fpaper%2Ffdebf3b87ad8e5416b30f9cf731a3906ed6c0094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipal+investigator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principal_investigator&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Casati, A. & Genet, C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10961-012-9275-6">"Principal Investigators as Scientific Entrepreneurs"</a>, <i>Journal of Technology Transfer</i>, 39 (1): 11–32</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐768j5 Cached time: 20241122144003 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.171 seconds Real time usage: 0.335 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 747/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11375/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1660/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12662/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.102/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3757731/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 318.933 1 -total 46.69% 148.921 1 Template:Reflist 35.01% 111.671 2 Template:Cite_web 30.42% 97.016 1 Template:Short_description 21.45% 68.425 2 Template:Cn 17.18% 54.806 2 Template:Fix 16.41% 52.332 2 Template:Pagetype 10.98% 35.007 4 Template:Category_handler 9.75% 31.089 5 Template:Main_other 8.99% 28.683 1 Template:SDcat --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:4183589-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122144003 and revision id 1186958985. 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