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<span>Publications en linguistique générale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications_en_linguistique_générale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications_sur_l'Égypte_antique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_sur_l'Égypte_antique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Publications sur l'Égypte antique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications_sur_l'Égypte_antique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alan Henderson Gardiner</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 26 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ألان جاردنر – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألان جاردنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B1" title="الان هندرسون جاردنر – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الان هندرسون جاردنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алан Хендэрсан Гардынер – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алан Хендэрсан Гардынер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Άλαν Γκάρντινερ – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλαν Γκάρντινερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1" title="آلن گاردینر – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلن گاردینر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="אלן גרדינר – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלן גרדינר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="アラン・ガーディナー – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・ガーディナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%EA%B0%80%EB%94%94%EB%84%88" title="앨런 가디너 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앨런 가디너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" title="Alan Henderson Gardiner – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alan Henderson Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_H._Gardiner" title="Alan H. Gardiner – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alan H. Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гардинер, Алан Хендерсон – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гардинер, Алан Хендерсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алан Гардінер – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алан Гардінер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q441060#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Gardiner" class="mw-disambig" title="Gardiner">Gardiner</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete egypte-antique" style="background-color:#CCCCAA;color:black;">Alan Henderson Gardiner<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r201193685">.mw-parser-output .entete.egypte-antique{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Picto_infobox_ancient_Egypt.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#CCCCAA; color:#000000"><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89gyptologue" title="Égyptologue">Égyptologue</a></i></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pays de naissance </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Royaume uni"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Naissance </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1879-03-29" data-sort-value="1879-03-29"><a href="/wiki/29_mars" title="29 mars">29</a> <a href="/wiki/Mars_1879" title="Mars 1879">mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a></time><br /><a href="/wiki/Eltham" title="Eltham">Eltham</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Décès </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1963-12-19" data-sort-value="1963-12-19"><a href="/wiki/19_d%C3%A9cembre" title="19 décembre">19</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cembre_1963" title="Décembre 1963">décembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a></time> (à 84 ans)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nationalité </th> <td>anglaise </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Parents </th> <td>Henry John Gardiner<div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div>Clara Elizabeth Honey </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Conjoint </th> <td>Hedwig von Rosen </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enfant(s) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardiner_(artiste)" title="Margaret Gardiner (artiste)">Margaret Gardiner</a><div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Henry Rolf Gardiner</a><div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="/wiki/John_Gardiner" title="John Gardiner">John Gardiner</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Famille </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a><div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a> (petit-fils) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #CCCCAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89gyptologue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Sir <b>Alan Henderson Gardiner</b>, né le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1879-03-29" data-sort-value="1879-03-29">29 mars 1879</time> à <a href="/wiki/Eltham" title="Eltham">Eltham</a> et mort le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1963-12-19" data-sort-value="1963-12-19">19 décembre 1963</time> à <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, est un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89gyptologue" title="Égyptologue">égyptologue</a> <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a> considéré, avec <a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted" title="James Henry Breasted">James Henry Breasted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Adolf_Erman" title="Johann Peter Adolf Erman">Adolf Erman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Grapow" title="Hermann Grapow">Hermann Grapow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Lefebvre" title="Gustave Lefebvre">Gustave Lefebvre</a> et <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Heinrich_Sethe" title="Kurt Heinrich Sethe">Kurt Heinrich Sethe</a>, comme l’un des plus éminents spécialistes de la discipline au <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle depuis les avancées considérables de <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Jean-François Champollion</a>, père de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gyptologie" title="Égyptologie">égyptologie</a> moderne<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Biographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enfance_et_études"><span id="Enfance_et_.C3.A9tudes"></span>Enfance et études</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Enfance et études" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Enfance et études"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner est né le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1879-03-29" data-sort-value="1879-03-29">29 mars 1879</time> à <a href="/wiki/Eltham" title="Eltham">Eltham</a>, en Angleterre. Il est le fils de Henry John Gardiner (1843–1940), directeur puis président de la compagnie de textile <i>Bradbury, Greatorex & Co</i>, et de son épouse Clara Elizabeth Honey ( ?-1879)<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> qui meurt alors qu'il est enfant. Il a un frère aîné, le compositeur <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Gardiner" title="Balfour Gardiner">Balfour Gardiner</a><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il développe très tôt un intérêt pour l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Égypte antique">Égypte antique</a> et écrit son premier article sur le sujet en 1895, alors qu'il n'a que quinze ans<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Admirateur de <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Gaston Maspero</a>, il suit les cours de celui-ci au <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> pendant un an en 1895<sup id="cite_ref-CTLT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTLT-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En 1897, il intègre le <a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College" title="The Queen's College">Queen's College</a> à <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> où il étudie l'hébreu et l'arabe<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il termine ses études en 1901. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mariage_et_descendance">Mariage et descendance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Mariage et descendance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mariage et descendance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il rencontre à Paris, en 1896, Hedwig von Rosen ( ?-1964), fille de Alexander von Rosen, conseiller du roi de Hongrie qu'il épouse à l'automne 1901<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ils ont trois enfants : une fille, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardiner_(artiste)" title="Margaret Gardiner (artiste)">Margaret Gardiner</a> (1904-2005), artiste et deux fils, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Henry Rolf Gardiner</a> (1902-1971), militant écologiste<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et John, né dix ans plus tard. </p><p>Il a plusieurs petits-enfants, dont : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a> (1937-2013), <a href="/wiki/Professeur_%C3%A9m%C3%A9rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Professeur émérite">professeur émérite</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Cornell" title="Université Cornell">Université Cornell</a> ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a> (1943- ), <a href="/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travaux">Travaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Travaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Travaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa grammaire du <a href="/wiki/Moyen_%C3%A9gyptien" title="Moyen égyptien">moyen égyptien</a>, au modeste sous-titre d’<i>Introduction à l’étude de <a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_hi%C3%A9roglyphique_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Écriture hiéroglyphique égyptienne">hiéroglyphes</a></i>, forma toute une génération d’étudiants. En 1940, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Lefebvre" title="Gustave Lefebvre">Gustave Lefebvre</a> rendit hommage à l’auteur en ces termes<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <blockquote><div>« C’est à l’<i>Egyptian Grammar</i> de Gardiner qu’il faudra encore longtemps se reporter, quand on voudra se rendre compte, dans le détail, de l’origine, de l’emploi et de l’infinie variété des formes verbales, ou étudier dans leur évolution les différentes valeurs des signes hiéroglyphiques. (…) Rien ne saurait pour le moment remplacer cette véritable <i>Somme</i> égyptologique. »</div></blockquote> <p>Quoiqu’elle soit aujourd’hui contestée sur sa partie verbale, la <i>Egyptian Grammar</i>, avec sa liste des signes hiéroglyphiques les plus fréquents (cf. <a href="/wiki/Liste_totale_des_hi%C3%A9roglyphes_selon_la_classification_Gardiner" title="Liste totale des hiéroglyphes selon la classification Gardiner">classification des hiéroglyphes</a>), reste indéniablement l’ouvrage de référence. La grammaire est aussi un chef-d’œuvre de didactique, indispensable à quiconque veut aborder l’égyptien classique. </p><p>Gardiner fut également historien. En 1961, il fit paraître <i>Egypt of the Pharaohs – An Introduction</i>, ouvrage qui couvre en fait toute l’histoire de l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Égypte antique">Égypte antique</a>. </p><p>Les autres publications de ce grand égyptologue s’adressent plutôt au spécialiste, notamment <i>Notes on the Story of Sinuhe</i>, <i>Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage</i>, <i>Ancient Egyptian Onomastica</i>, <i>Ramesside Administrative Documents</i> ou encore son étude sur le <a href="/wiki/Canon_royal_de_Turin" title="Canon royal de Turin">Canon royal de Turin</a>. </p><p>Gardiner, en 1916, déchiffra l'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_protosina%C3%AFtique" title="Alphabet protosinaïtique">alphabet protosinaïtique</a> dont étaient couverts des objets découverts un peu partout dans le Sinaï. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Publications" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Publications"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications_en_linguistique_générale"><span id="Publications_en_linguistique_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9rale"></span>Publications en linguistique générale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Publications en linguistique générale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Publications en linguistique générale"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="1919"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Some Thoughts on the Subject of Language</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Man</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 19,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1919-01" data-sort-value="1919-01">janvier 1919</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">2-6</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2839915?uid=3738016&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104125659307">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+Thoughts+on+the+Subject+of+Language&rft.jtitle=Man&rft.date=1919-01&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=2-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Henderson+Gardiner"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="1922"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Definition of the Word and the Sentence</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The British Journal of Psychology</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 12,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1922-04" data-sort-value="1922-04">avril 1922</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">352–361</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1922.tb00067.x/abstract">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Definition+of+the+Word+and+the+Sentence&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Psychology&rft.date=1922-04&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=352%E2%80%93361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Henderson+Gardiner"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="[1932]_1979"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Theory of Speech and Language</cite>, Greenwood Press Reprint, [1932] 1979, 348 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0313209871" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0313209871"><span class="nowrap">978-0313209871</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+Speech+and+Language&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press+Reprint&rft.date=1932&rft.tpages=348&rft.isbn=978-0313209871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Henderson+Gardiner"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="[1940]_1957"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Theory of Proper Names : A Controversial Essay</cite>, Oxford University Press, [1940] 1957<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+Proper+Names&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=A+Controversial+Essay&rft.date=1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Henderson+Gardiner"></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications_sur_l'Égypte_antique"><span id="Publications_sur_l.27.C3.89gypte_antique"></span>Publications sur l'Égypte antique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Publications sur l'Égypte antique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Publications sur l'Égypte antique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Liste_d%27ouvrages_sur_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique_class%C3%A9s_par_auteur#Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" title="Liste d'ouvrages sur l'Égypte antique classés par auteur">Liste d'ouvrages sur l'Égypte antique classés par auteur#Alan Henderson Gardiner</a>.</div></div> <ul><li>The Reign of Amen-em-hat I, Biblia, 7, 1895</li> <li><span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Egyptian Grammar. Being an Introduction to the Study of hieroglyphs</cite> <small>[<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Egyptian_Grammar._Being_an_Introduction_to_the_Study_of_hieroglyphs_(Alan_Gardiner)" title="Référence:Egyptian Grammar. Being an Introduction to the Study of hieroglyphs (Alan Gardiner)">détail des éditions</a>]</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Grammar.+Being+an+Introduction+to+the+Study+of+hieroglyphs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Henderson+Gardiner"></span></span></li> <li><i>The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage from a Hieratic Papyrus in Leiden (Pap. Leiden 334 recto)</i>, Leipzig, 1909 (réimpression Hildesheim - Zurich - New York, 1990).</li> <li><i>Notes on the story of Sinuhe</i>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Honor%C3%A9_Champion" title="Éditions Honoré Champion">Librairie Honoré Champion</a>, 1916 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2186/ksl:garnot00">Lire en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.case.edu/ksl/">Kelvin Smith Library</a>).</li> <li>Avec <a href="/wiki/Norman_de_Garis_Davies" title="Norman de Garis Davies">N. de G. Davies</a>, <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The tomb of Antefoker, vizier of Sesostris <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr>, and of his wife Senet <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 60</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2, The Theban Tombs series, G. Allen & Unwin, Londres, 1920.</li> <li><i>Ancient Egyptian Onomastica</i>. Vol. <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr>—<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>, Londres, 1947.</li> <li><i>The Ramesseum papyri, plates</i>, C.Batey, Oxford, 1955.</li> <li>Avec <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_%C4%8Cern%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Černý">J. Černý</a>, <i>Hieratic ostraca</i>, 1, Oxford university press, C. Batey, Oxford, 1957.</li> <li><i>Egypt of the pharaos</i>, Oxford, 1961 (et posthume 1964).</li> <li><i>The admonitions of an Egyptian sage from a hieratic papyrus in Leiden</i> {pap. Leiden 344 recto}, Georg Olms, Hildesheim, (posthume) 1969.</li> <li>Avec <a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Adolf_Erman" title="Johann Peter Adolf Erman">A. Erman</a> et F. Vogelsang, <i>Literarische Texte des Mittleren Reiches, 1, Die Klagen des Bauern</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4, Hieratische Papyrus aus den königlichen Museen zu Berlin, Z.D.D.R, Leipzig, (posthume) 1970.</li> <li>Avec <a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Adolf_Erman" title="Johann Peter Adolf Erman">A. Erman</a>, <i>Literarische Texte des Mittleren Reiches, 2</i>, Die Erzählung des Sinuhe und die Hirtengeschichte, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 5, Hieratische Papyrus aus den königlichen Museen zu Berlin, Z.D.D.R, Leipzig, (posthume) 1970.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museedegrenoble.fr/1767-jean-francois-champollion-pere-de-l-egyptologie.htm?#:~:text=N%C3%A9%20en%201790%20%C3%A0%20Figeac,et%20%C3%A9ducateur,%20Jacques-Joseph."><cite style="font-style:normal;">Jean-François Champollion, père de l’égyptologie - Musée</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.museedegrenoble.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-08-12" data-sort-value="2020-08-12">12 août 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-5">f</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-6">g</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=33322&back="><cite style="font-style:normal;">Nécrologie</cite></a> », Oxford University Press</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CTLT-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CTLT_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Douay"><span class="ouvrage" id="Catherine_Douay">Catherine Douay, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctlf.ens-lyon.fr/voirtexte.asp?fic=5325_fr_Gardiner_T02&f=tdm&num=752&auteurs=Douay,%20Catherine"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Nécrologie</cite></a> », CTLF</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Grammaire de l’égyptien classique</i>, Préface</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Henderson_Gardiner&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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