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effectiveness</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: swirl effectiveness"> <meta name="keywords" content="swirl effectiveness"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="swirl effectiveness"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4272</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: swirl effectiveness</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4272</span> Optimization of a Four-Lobed Swirl Pipe for Clean-In-Place Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guozhen%20Li">Guozhen Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Hall"> Philip Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nick%20Miles"> Nick Miles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Wu"> Tao Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a numerical investigation of two horizontally mounted four-lobed swirl pipes in terms of swirl induction effectiveness into flows passing through them. The swirl flows induced by the two swirl pipes have the potential to improve the efficiency of Clean-In-Place procedures in a closed processing system by local intensification of hydrodynamic impact on the internal pipe surface. Pressure losses, swirl development within the two swirl pipe, swirl induction effectiveness, swirl decay and wall shear stress variation downstream of two swirl pipes are analyzed and compared. It was found that a shorter length of swirl inducing pipe used in joint with transition pipes is more effective in swirl induction than when a longer one is used, in that it has a less constraint to the induced swirl and results in slightly higher swirl intensity just downstream of it with the expense of a smaller pressure loss. The wall shear stress downstream of the shorter swirl pipe is also slightly larger than that downstream of the longer swirl pipe due to the slightly higher swirl intensity induced by the shorter swirl pipe. The advantage of the shorter swirl pipe in terms of swirl induction is more significant in flows with a larger Reynolds Number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20pipe" title="swirl pipe">swirl pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20effectiveness" title=" swirl effectiveness"> swirl effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20intensity" title=" swirl intensity"> swirl intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29038/optimization-of-a-four-lobed-swirl-pipe-for-clean-in-place-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4271</span> A Numerical Study on the Effects of N2 Dilution on the Flame Structure and Temperature Distribution of Swirl Diffusion Flames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasaman%20Tohidi">Yasaman Tohidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shidvash%20Vakilipour"> Shidvash Vakilipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Ebadi%20Tavallaee"> Saeed Ebadi Tavallaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahin%20Vakilipoor%20Takaloo"> Shahin Vakilipoor Takaloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Amiri"> Hossein Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The numerical modeling is performed to study the effects of N<sub>2</sub> addition to the fuel stream on the flame structure and temperature distribution of methane-air swirl diffusion flames with different swirl intensities. The Open source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) has been utilized as the computational tool. Flamelet approach along with modified k-ε model is employed to model the flame characteristics.  The results indicate that the presence of N<sub>2</sub> in the fuel stream leads to the flame temperature reduction. By increasing of swirl intensity, the flame structure changes significantly. The flame has a conical shape in low swirl intensity; however, it has an hour glass-shape with a shorter length in high swirl intensity. The effects of N<sub>2</sub> dilution decrease the flame length in all swirl intensities; however, the rate of reduction is more noticeable in low swirl intensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20diffusion%20flame" title="swirl diffusion flame">swirl diffusion flame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N2%20dilution" title=" N2 dilution"> N2 dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenFOAM" title=" OpenFOAM"> OpenFOAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20intensity" title=" swirl intensity"> swirl intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105300/a-numerical-study-on-the-effects-of-n2-dilution-on-the-flame-structure-and-temperature-distribution-of-swirl-diffusion-flames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4270</span> Pressure-Detecting Method for Estimating Levitation Gap Height of Swirl Gripper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaige%20Shi">Kaige Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Jiang"> Chao Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Li"> Xin Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The swirl gripper is an electrically activated noncontact handling device that uses swirling airflow to generate a lifting force. This force can be used to pick up a workpiece placed underneath the swirl gripper without any contact. It is applicable, for example, in the semiconductor wafer production line, where contact must be avoided during the handling and moving of a workpiece to minimize damage. When a workpiece levitates underneath a swirl gripper, the gap height between them is crucial for safe handling. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to estimate the levitation gap height by detecting pressure at two points. The method is based on theoretical model of the swirl gripper, and has been experimentally verified. Furthermore, the force between the gripper and the workpiece can also be estimated using the detected pressure. As a result, the nonlinear relationship between the force and gap height can be linearized by adjusting the rotating speed of the fan in the swirl gripper according to the estimated force and gap height. The linearized relationship is expected to enhance handling stability of the workpiece. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20gripper" title="swirl gripper">swirl gripper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noncontact%20handling" title=" noncontact handling"> noncontact handling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levitation" title=" levitation"> levitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20height%20estimation" title=" gap height estimation"> gap height estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109800/pressure-detecting-method-for-estimating-levitation-gap-height-of-swirl-gripper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4269</span> Design and Experimental Studies of a Centrifugal SWIRL Atomizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemabushan%20K.">Hemabushan K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manikandan"> Manikandan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a swirl atomizer, fluid undergoes a swirling motion as a result of centrifugal force created by opposed tangential inlets in the swirl chamber. The angular momentum of fluid continually increases as it reaches the exit orifice and forms a hollow sheet. Which disintegrates to form ligaments and droplets respectively as it flows downstream. This type of atomizers used in rocket injectors and oil burner furnaces. In this present investigation a swirl atomizer with two opposed tangential inlets has been designed. Water as working fluid, experiments had been conducted for the fluid injection pressures in regime of 0.033 bar to 0.519 bar. The fluid has been pressured by a 0.5hp pump and regulated by a pressure regulator valve. Injection pressure of fluid has been measured by a U-tube mercury manometer. The spray pattern and the droplets has been captured with a high resolution camera in black background with a high intensity flash highlighting the fluid. The unprocessed images were processed in ImageJ processing software for measuring the droplet diameters and its shape characteristics along the downstream. The parameters such as mean droplet diameter and distribution, wave pattern, rupture distance and spray angle were studied for this atomizer. The above results were compared with theoretical results and also analysed for deviation with design parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20atomizer" title="swirl atomizer">swirl atomizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injector" title=" injector"> injector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray" title=" spray"> spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWIRL" title=" SWIRL"> SWIRL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21828/design-and-experimental-studies-of-a-centrifugal-swirl-atomizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4268</span> Effect of Exit Annular Area on the Flow Field Characteristics of an Unconfined Premixed Annular Swirl Burner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Raj">Vishnu Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chockalingam%20Prathap"> Chockalingam Prathap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to explore the impact of variation in the exit annular area on the local flow field features and the flame stability of an annular premixed swirl burner (unconfined) operated with premixed n-butane air mixture at equivalence ratio (ϕ) = 1, 1 bar, and 300K. A swirl burner with an axial swirl generator having a swirl number of 1.5 was used. Three different burner heads were chosen to have the exit area increased from 100%, 160%, and 220% resulting in inner and outer diameters and cross-sectional areas as (1) 10mm&15mm, 98mm2 (2) 17.5mm&22.5mm, 157mm2 and (3) 25mm & 30mm, 216mm2. The bulk velocity and Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter and unburned gas properties were kept constant at 12 m/s and 4000. (i) Planar PIV with TiO2 seeding particles and (ii) OH* chemiluminescence were used to measure the velocity fields and reaction zones of the swirl flames at 5Hz, respectively. Velocity fields and the jet spreading rates measured at the isothermal and reactive conditions revealed that the presence of a flame significantly altered the flow field in the radial direction due to the gas expansion. Important observations from the flame measurements were: the height and maximum width of the recirculation bubbles normalized by the hydraulic diameter, and the jet spreading angles for the flames for the three exit area cases were: (a) 4.52, 1.95, 28ᵒ, (b) 6.78, 2.37, 34ᵒ, and (c) 8.73, 2.32, 37ᵒ. The lean blowout was also measured, and the respective equivalence ratios were: 0.80, 0.92, and 0.82. LBO was relatively narrow for the 157mm2 case. For this case, particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements showed that Turbulent Kinetic Energy and turbulent intensity were relatively high compared to the other two cases, resulting in higher stretch rates and narrower lean blowout (LBO). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemiluminescence" title="chemiluminescence">chemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20spreading%20rate" title=" jet spreading rate"> jet spreading rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20blowout" title=" lean blowout"> lean blowout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20flow" title=" swirl flow"> swirl flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156640/effect-of-exit-annular-area-on-the-flow-field-characteristics-of-an-unconfined-premixed-annular-swirl-burner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4267</span> Porous Bluff-Body Disc on Improving the Gas-Mixing Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shun-Chang%20Yen">Shun-Chang Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=You-Lun%20Peng"> You-Lun Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Ching%20San"> Kuo-Ching San</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical study on a bluff-body structure with multiple holes was conducted using ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamics analysis. The effects of the hole number and jet inclination angles were considered under a fixed gas flow rate and nonreactive gas. The bluff body with multiple holes can transform the axial momentum into a radial and tangential momentum as well as increase the swirl number (S). The concentration distribution in the mixing of a central carbon dioxide (CO2) jet and an annular air jet was utilized to analyze the mixing efficiency. Three bluff bodies with differing hole numbers (H = 3, 6, and 12) and three jet inclination angles (θ = 45°, 60°, and 90°) were designed for analysis. The Reynolds normal stress increases with the inclination angle. The Reynolds shear stress, average turbulence intensity, and average swirl number decrease with the inclination angle. For an unsymmetrical hole configuration (i.e., H = 3), the streamline patterns exhibited an unsymmetrical flow field. The highest mixing efficiency (i.e., the lowest integral gas fraction of CO2) occurred at H = 3. Furthermore, the highest swirl number coincided with the strongest effect on the mass fraction of CO2. Therefore, an unsymmetrical hole arrangement induced a high swirl flow behind the porous disc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluff%20body%20with%20multiple%20holes" title="bluff body with multiple holes">bluff body with multiple holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl-jet%20flow" title=" swirl-jet flow"> swirl-jet flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20efficiency" title=" mixing efficiency"> mixing efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56853/porous-bluff-body-disc-on-improving-the-gas-mixing-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4266</span> Development of Intake System for Improvement of Performance of Compressed Natural Gas Spark Ignition Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mardani%20Ali%20Serah">Mardani Ali Serah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuriadi%20Kusuma"> Yuriadi Kusuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandrasa%20Soekardi"> Chandrasa Soekardi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The improvement of flow strategy was implemented in the intake system of the engine to produce better Compressed Natural Gas engine performance. Three components were studied, designed, simulated, developed,tested and validated in this research. The components are: the mixer, swirl device and fuel cooler device. The three components were installed to produce pressurised turbulent flow with higher fuel volume in the intake system, which is ideal condition for Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuelled engine. A combination of experimental work with simulation technique were carried out. The work included design and fabrication of the engine test rig; the CNG fuel cooling system; fitting of instrumentation and measurement system for the performance testing of both gasoline and CNG modes. The simulation work was utilised to design appropriate mixer and swirl device. The flow test rig, known as the steady state flow rig (SSFR) was constructed to validate the simulation results. Then the investigation of the effect of these components on the CNG engine performance was carried out. A venturi-inlet holes mixer with three variables: number of inlet hole (8, 12, and 16); the inlet angles (300, 400, 500, and 600) and the outlet angles (200, 300, 400, and 500) were studied. The swirl-device with number of revolution and the plane angle variables were also studied. The CNG fuel cooling system with the ability to control water flow rate and the coolant temperature was installed. In this study it was found that the mixer and swirl-device improved the swirl ratio and pressure condition inside the intake manifold. The installation of the mixer, swirl device and CNG fuel cooling system had successfully increased 5.5%, 5%, and 3% of CNG engine performance respectively compared to that of existing operating condition. The overall results proved that there is a high potential of this mixer and swirl device method in increasing the CNG engine performance. The overall improvement on engine performance of power and torque was about 11% and 13% compared to the original mixer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intake%20system" title="intake system">intake system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Compressed%20Natural%20Gas" title=" Compressed Natural Gas"> Compressed Natural Gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volumetric%20efficiency" title=" volumetric efficiency"> volumetric efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20performance" title=" engine performance "> engine performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42728/development-of-intake-system-for-improvement-of-performance-of-compressed-natural-gas-spark-ignition-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4265</span> The Influence of Swirl Burner Geometry on the Sugar-Cane Bagasse Injection and Burning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Harold%20Sosa-Arnao">Juan Harold Sosa-Arnao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Jos%C3%A9%20de%20Oliveira%20Ferreira"> Daniel José de Oliveira Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caice%20Guarato%20Santos"> Caice Guarato Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justo%20Em%C3%ADlio%20Alvarez"> Justo Emílio Alvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardo%20Paes%20Rangel"> Leonardo Paes Rangel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Won%20Park"> Song Won Park </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A comprehensive CFD model is developed to represent heterogeneous combustion and two burner designs of supply sugar-cane bagasse into a furnace. The objective of this work is to compare the insertion and burning of a Brazilian south-eastern sugar-cane bagasse using a new swirl burner design against an actual geometry under operation. The new design allows control the particles penetration and scattering inside furnace by adjustment of axial/tangential contributions of air feed without change their mass flow. The model considers turbulence using RNG k-, combustion using EDM, radiation heat transfer using DTM with 16 ray directions and bagasse particle tracking represented by Schiller-Naumann model. The obtained results are favorable to use of new design swirl burner because its axial/tangential control promotes more penetration or more scattering than actual design and allows reproduce the actual design operation without change the overall mass flow supply. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20CFD%20model" title="comprehensive CFD model">comprehensive CFD model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar-cane%20bagasse%20combustion" title=" sugar-cane bagasse combustion"> sugar-cane bagasse combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20burner" title=" swirl burner"> swirl burner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contributions" title=" contributions"> contributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22865/the-influence-of-swirl-burner-geometry-on-the-sugar-cane-bagasse-injection-and-burning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4264</span> The Effect of Swirl on the Flow Distribution in Automotive Exhaust Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20J.%20Skusiewicz">Piotr J. Skusiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnathan%20Saul"> Johnathan Saul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ijhar%20Rusli"> Ijhar Rusli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Aleksandrova"> Svetlana Aleksandrova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen.%20F.%20Benjamin"> Stephen. F. Benjamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslaw%20Gall"> Miroslaw Gall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Pierson"> Steve Pierson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carol%20A.%20Roberts"> Carol A. Roberts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of turbocharging in automotive engines leads to swirling flow entering the catalyst. The behaviour of this type of flow within the catalyst has yet to be adequately documented. This work discusses the effect of swirling flow on the flow distribution in automotive exhaust catalysts. Compressed air supplied to a moving-block swirl generator allowed for swirling flow with variable intensities to be generated. Swirl intensities were measured at the swirl generator outlet using single-sensor hot-wire probes. The swirling flow was fed into diffusers with total angles of 10°, 30° and 180°. Downstream of the diffusers, a wash-coated diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) of length 143.8 mm, diameter 76.2 mm and nominal cell density of 400 cpsi was fitted. Velocity profiles were measured at the outlet sleeve about 30 mm downstream of the monolith outlet using single-sensor hot-wire probes. Wall static pressure was recorded using a multi-tube manometer connected to pressure taps positioned along the diffuser walls. The results show that as swirl is increased, more of the flow is directed towards the diffuser walls. The velocity decreases around the centre-line and maximum velocities are observed close to the outer radius of the monolith for all flow rates. At the maximum swirl intensity, reversed flow was recorded near the centre of the monolith. Wall static pressure measurements in the 180° diffuser indicated no pressure recovery as the flow enters the diffuser. This is indicative of flow separation at the inlet to the diffuser. To gain insight into the flow structure, CFD simulations have been performed for the 180° diffuser for a flow rate of 63 g/s. The geometry of the model consists of the complete assembly from the upstream swirl generator to the outlet sleeve. Modelling of the flow in the monolith was achieved using the porous medium approach, where the monolith with parallel flow channels is modelled as a porous medium that resists the flow. A reasonably good agreement was achieved between the experimental and CFD results downstream of the monolith. The CFD simulations allowed visualisation of the separation zones and central toroidal recirculation zones that occur within the expansion region at certain swirl intensities which are highlighted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title="catalyst">catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffuser" title=" diffuser"> diffuser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-wire%20anemometry" title=" hot-wire anemometry"> hot-wire anemometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirling%20flow" title=" swirling flow"> swirling flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58060/the-effect-of-swirl-on-the-flow-distribution-in-automotive-exhaust-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4263</span> Hydraulic Optimization of an Adjustable Spiral-Shaped Evaporator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Feiner">Matthias Feiner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Javier%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20Garc%C3%ADa"> Francisco Javier Fernández García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Arneman"> Michael Arneman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kipfm%C3%BCller"> Martin Kipfmüller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To ensure reliability in miniaturized devices or processes with increased heat fluxes, very efficient cooling methods have to be employed in order to cope with small available cooling surfaces. To address this problem, a certain type of evaporator/heat exchanger was developed: It is called a swirl evaporator due to its flow characteristic. The swirl evaporator consists of a concentrically eroded screw geometry in which a capillary tube is guided, which is inserted into a pocket hole in components with high heat load. The liquid refrigerant R32 is sprayed through the capillary tube to the end face of the blind hole and is sucked off against the injection direction in the screw geometry. Its inner diameter is between one and three millimeters. The refrigerant is sprayed into the pocket hole via a small tube aligned in the center of the bore hole and is sucked off on the front side of the hole against the direction of injection. The refrigerant is sucked off in a helical geometry (twisted flow) so that it is accelerated against the hot wall (centrifugal acceleration). This results in an increase in the critical heat flux of up to 40%. In this way, more heat can be dissipated on the same surface/available installation space. This enables a wide range of technical applications. To optimize the design for the needs in various fields of industry, like the internal tool cooling when machining nickel base alloys like Inconel 718, a correlation-based model of the swirl-evaporator was developed. The model is separated into 3 subgroups with overall 5 regimes. The pressure drop and heat transfer are calculated separately. An approach to determine the locality of phase change in the capillary and the swirl was implemented. A test stand has been developed to verify the simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helically-shaped" title="helically-shaped">helically-shaped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-free" title=" oil-free"> oil-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R-32" title=" R-32"> R-32</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl-evaporator" title=" swirl-evaporator"> swirl-evaporator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twist-flow" title=" twist-flow"> twist-flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126336/hydraulic-optimization-of-an-adjustable-spiral-shaped-evaporator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4262</span> Unsteady Characteristics Investigation on the Precessing Vortex Breakdown and Energy Separation in a Vortex Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangji%20Guo">Xiangji Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Zhang"> Bo Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the phenomenon of vortex breakdown in a vortex tube was analyzed within the scope of unsteady character in swirl flows. A 3-D Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) closed by the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) was adopted to simulate the large-scale vortex structure in vortex tube, and the numerical model was verified by the steady results. The swirl number was calculated for the vortex tube and the flow field was classed as strong swirl flow. According to the results, a time-dependent spiral flow field gyrates around a central recirculation zone which is precessing around the axis of the tube, and manifests the flow structure is the spiral type (S-type) vortex breakdown. The vortex breakdown is crucial for the formation of the central recirculation zone (CRZ), a further discussion was about the affection on CRZ with the different external conditions of vortex tube, the study on the unsteady characters was expected to hope to design of vortex tube and analyze the energy separation effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20tube" title="vortex tube">vortex tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20breakdown" title=" vortex breakdown"> vortex breakdown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20recirculation%20zone" title=" central recirculation zone"> central recirculation zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady" title=" unsteady"> unsteady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20separation" title=" energy separation"> energy separation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52531/unsteady-characteristics-investigation-on-the-precessing-vortex-breakdown-and-energy-separation-in-a-vortex-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4261</span> Effects of Injection Conditions on Flame Structures in Gas-Centered Swirl Coaxial Injector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wooseok%20Song">Wooseok Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunjung%20Park"> Sunjung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongkwon%20Lee"> Jongkwon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaye%20Koo"> Jaye Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to observe the effects of injection conditions on flame structures in gas-centered swirl coaxial injector. Gaseous oxygen and liquid kerosene were used as propellants. For different injection conditions, two types of injector, which only differ in the diameter of the tangential inlet, were used in this study. In addition, oxidizer injection pressure was varied to control the combustion chamber pressure in different types of injector. In order to analyze the combustion instability intensity, the dynamic pressure was measured in both the combustion chamber and propellants lines. With the increase in differential pressure between the propellant injection pressure and the combustion chamber pressure, the combustion instability intensity increased. In addition, the flame structure was recorded using a high-speed camera to detect CH* chemiluminescence intensity. With the change in the injection conditions in the gas-centered swirl coaxial injector, the flame structure changed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20rocket%20engine" title="liquid rocket engine">liquid rocket engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20structure" title=" flame structure"> flame structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20instability" title=" combustion instability"> combustion instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20pressure" title=" dynamic pressure"> dynamic pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90887/effects-of-injection-conditions-on-flame-structures-in-gas-centered-swirl-coaxial-injector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4260</span> Effect of Fuel Type on Design Parameters and Atomization Process for Pressure Swirl Atomizer and Dual Orifice Atomizer for High Bypass Turbofan Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20K.%20Khalil">Mohamed K. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Ragab"> Mohamed S. Ragab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atomizers are used in many engineering applications including diesel engines, petrol engines and spray combustion in furnaces as well as gas turbine engines. These atomizers are used to increase the specific surface area of the fuel, which achieve a high rate of fuel mixing and evaporation. In all combustion systems reduction in mean drop size is a challenge which has many advantages since it leads to rapid and easier ignition, higher volumetric heat release rate, wider burning range and lower exhaust concentrations of the pollutant emissions. Pressure atomizers have a different configuration for design such as swirl atomizer (simplex), dual orifice, spill return, plain orifice, duplex and fan spray. Simplex pressure atomizers are the most common type of all. Among all types of atomizers, pressure swirl types resemble a special category since they differ in quality of atomization, the reliability of operation, simplicity of construction and low expenditure of energy. But, the disadvantages of these atomizers are that they require very high injection pressure and have low discharge coefficient owing to the fact that the air core covers the majority of the atomizer orifice. To overcome these problems, dual orifice atomizer was designed. This paper proposes a detailed mathematical model design procedure for both pressure swirl atomizer (Simplex) and dual orifice atomizer, examines the effects of varying fuel type and makes a clear comparison between the two types. Using five types of fuel (JP-5, JA1, JP-4, Diesel and Bio-Diesel) as a case study, reveal the effect of changing fuel type and its properties on atomizers design and spray characteristics. Which effect on combustion process parameters; Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), spray cone angle and sheet thickness with varying the discharge coefficient from 0.27 to 0.35 during takeoff for high bypass turbofan engines. The spray atomizer performance of the pressure swirl fuel injector was compared to the dual orifice fuel injector at the same differential pressure and discharge coefficient using Excel. The results are analyzed and handled to form the final reliability results for fuel injectors in high bypass turbofan engines. The results show that the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) in dual orifice atomizer is larger than Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) in pressure swirl atomizer, the film thickness (h) in dual orifice atomizer is less than the film thickness (h) in pressure swirl atomizer. The Spray Cone Angle (α) in pressure swirl atomizer is larger than Spray Cone Angle (α) in dual orifice atomizer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20turbine%20engines" title="gas turbine engines">gas turbine engines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomization%20process" title=" atomization process"> atomization process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sauter%20mean%20diameter" title=" Sauter mean diameter"> Sauter mean diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JP-5" title=" JP-5"> JP-5</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94962/effect-of-fuel-type-on-design-parameters-and-atomization-process-for-pressure-swirl-atomizer-and-dual-orifice-atomizer-for-high-bypass-turbofan-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4259</span> Investigation of Stabilized Turbulent Diffusion Flames Using Synthesis Fuel with Different Burner Configurations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moataz%20Medhat">Moataz Medhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Khalil"> Essam Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Haridy"> Hatem Haridy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigates the flame structure of turbulent diffusion flame of synthesis fuel in a 300 KW swirl-stabilized burner. The three-dimensional model adopts a realizable k-ε turbulent scheme interacting with two-dimensional PDF combustion scheme by applying flamelet concept. The study reveals more characteristics on turbulent diffusion flame of synthesis fuel when changing the inlet air swirl number and the burner quarl angle. Moreover, it concerns with studying the effect of flue gas recirculation and staging with taking radiation effect into consideration. The comparison with natural gas was investigated. The study showed two zones of recirculation, the primary one is at the center of the furnace, and the location of the secondary one varies by changing the quarl angle of the burner. The results revealed an increase in temperature in the external recirculation zone as a result of increasing the swirl number of the inlet air stream. Also, it was found that recirculating part of the combustion products decreases pollutants formation especially nitrogen monoxide. The predicted results showed a great agreement when compared with the experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20turbine" title="gas turbine">gas turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title=" syngas"> syngas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recirculation" title=" recirculation"> recirculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59071/investigation-of-stabilized-turbulent-diffusion-flames-using-synthesis-fuel-with-different-burner-configurations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4258</span> Experimental Study of Unconfined and Confined Isothermal Swirling Jets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Sharma">Rohit Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Cozzi"> Fabio Cozzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 3C-2D PIV technique was applied to investigate the swirling flow generated by an axial plus tangential type swirl generator. This work is focused on the near-exit region of an isothermal swirling jet to characterize the effect of swirl on the flow field and to identify the large coherent structures both in unconfined and confined conditions for geometrical swirl number, S<sub>g </sub>= 4.6. Effects of the Reynolds number on the flow structure were also studied. The experimental results show significant effects of the confinement on the mean velocity fields and its fluctuations. The size of the recirculation zone was significantly enlarged upon confinement compared to the free swirling jet. Increasing in the Reynolds number further enhanced the recirculation zone. The frequency characteristics have been measured with a capacitive microphone which indicates the presence of periodic oscillation related to the existence of precessing vortex core, PVC. Proper orthogonal decomposition of the jet velocity field was carried out, enabling the identification of coherent structures. The time coefficients of the first two most energetic POD modes were used to reconstruct the phase-averaged velocity field of the oscillatory motion in the swirling flow. The instantaneous minima of negative swirl strength values calculated from the instantaneous velocity field revealed the presence of two helical structures located in the inner and outer shear layers and this structure fade out at an axial location of approximately z/D = 1.5 for unconfined case and z/D = 1.2 for confined case. By phase averaging the instantaneous swirling strength maps, the 3D helical vortex structure was reconstructed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20probes" title="acoustic probes">acoustic probes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3C-2D%20particle%20image%20velocimetry%20%28PIV%29" title=" 3C-2D particle image velocimetry (PIV)"> 3C-2D particle image velocimetry (PIV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precessing%20vortex%20core%20%28PVC%29" title=" precessing vortex core (PVC)"> precessing vortex core (PVC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recirculation%20zone%20%28RZ%29" title=" recirculation zone (RZ)"> recirculation zone (RZ)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65660/experimental-study-of-unconfined-and-confined-isothermal-swirling-jets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4257</span> Experimental Study of LPG Diffusion Flame at Elevated Preheated Air Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20El-Kafy%20Amer">Ahmed A. El-Kafy Amer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Gad"> H. M. Gad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Ibrahim"> A. I. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20I.%20Abdel-Mageed"> S. I. Abdel-Mageed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M.%20Farag"> T. M. Farag </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper represents an experimental study of LPG diffusion flame at elevated air preheated temperatures. The flame is stabilized in a vertical water-cooled combustor by using air swirler. An experimental test rig was designed to investigate the different operating conditions. The burner head is designed so that the LPG fuel issued centrally and surrounded by the swirling air issues from an air swirler. There are three air swirlers having the same dimensions but having different blade angles to give different swirl numbers of 0.5, 0.87 and 1.5. The combustion air was heated electrically before entering the combustor up to a temperature about 500 K. Three air to fuel mass ratios of 30, 40 and 50 were also studied. The effect of air preheated temperature, swirl number and air to fuel mass ratios on the temperature maps, visible flame length, high temperature region (size) and exhaust species concentrations are studied. Some results show that as the air preheated temperature increases, the volume of high temperature region also increased but the flame length decreased. Increasing the air preheated temperature, EINOx, EICO2 and EIO2 increased, while EICO decreased. Increasing the air preheated temperature from 300 to 500 K, for all air swirl numbers used, the highest increase in EINOx, EICO2 and EIO2 are 141, 4 and 65%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20preheated%20temperature" title="air preheated temperature">air preheated temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20swirler" title=" air swirler"> air swirler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20length" title=" flame length"> flame length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20index" title=" emission index"> emission index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30998/experimental-study-of-lpg-diffusion-flame-at-elevated-preheated-air-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4256</span> A One-Dimensional Modeling Analysis of the Influence of Swirl and Tumble Coefficient in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mateus%20Silva%20Mendon%C3%A7a">Mateus Silva Mendonça</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wender%20Pereira%20de%20Oliveira"> Wender Pereira de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Heleno%20de%20Paula%20Ara%C3%BAjo"> Gabriel Heleno de Paula Araújo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiago%20Ten%C3%B3rio%20Teixeira%20Santana%20Rocha"> Hiago Tenório Teixeira Santana Rocha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augusto%20C%C3%A9sar%20Teixeira%20Malaquias"> Augusto César Teixeira Malaquias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Guilherme%20Coelho%20Baeta"> José Guilherme Coelho Baeta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stricter legislation and the greater demand of the population regard to gas emissions and their effects on the environment as well as on human health make the automotive industry reinforce research focused on reducing levels of contamination. This reduction can be achieved through the implementation of improvements in internal combustion engines in such a way that they promote the reduction of both specific fuel consumption and air pollutant emissions. These improvements can be obtained through numerical simulation, which is a technique that works together with experimental tests. The aim of this paper is to build, with support of the GT-Suite software, a one-dimensional model of a single-cylinder research engine to analyze the impact of the variation of swirl and tumble coefficients on the performance and on the air pollutant emissions of an engine. Initially, the discharge coefficient is calculated through the software Converge CFD 3D, given that it is an input parameter in GT-Power. Mesh sensitivity tests are made in 3D geometry built for this purpose, using the mass flow rate in the valve as a reference. In the one-dimensional simulation is adopted the non-predictive combustion model called Three Pressure Analysis (TPA) is, and then data such as mass trapped in cylinder, heat release rate, and accumulated released energy are calculated, aiming that the validation can be performed by comparing these data with those obtained experimentally. Finally, the swirl and tumble coefficients are introduced in their corresponding objects so that their influences can be observed when compared to the results obtained previously. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1D%20simulation" title="1D simulation">1D simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-cylinder%20research%20engine" title=" single-cylinder research engine"> single-cylinder research engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20coefficient" title=" swirl coefficient"> swirl coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20pressure%20analysis" title=" three pressure analysis"> three pressure analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumble%20coefficient" title=" tumble coefficient"> tumble coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156565/a-one-dimensional-modeling-analysis-of-the-influence-of-swirl-and-tumble-coefficient-in-a-single-cylinder-research-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4255</span> Numerical Study of the Dynamic Behavior of an Air Conditioning with a Muti Confined Swirling Jet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Roudane">Mohamed Roudane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to know the dynamic behavior of a multi swirling jet used for air conditioning inside a room. To conduct this study, we designed a facility to ensure proper conditions of confinement in which we placed five air blowing devices with adjustable vanes, providing multiple swirling turbulent jets. The jets were issued in the same direction and the same spacing defined between them. This study concerned the numerical simulation of the dynamic mixing of confined swirling multi-jets, and examined the influence of important parameters of a swirl diffuser system on the dynamic performance characteristics. The CFD investigations are carried out by a hybrid mesh to discretize the computational domain. In this work, the simulations have been performed using the finite volume method and FLUENT solver, in which the standard k-ε RNG turbulence model was used for turbulence computations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title="simulation">simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20behavior" title=" dynamic behavior"> dynamic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl" title=" swirl"> swirl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20jet" title=" turbulent jet"> turbulent jet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38034/numerical-study-of-the-dynamic-behavior-of-an-air-conditioning-with-a-muti-confined-swirling-jet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4254</span> Numerical Study on Enhancement of Heat Transfer by Turbulence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azmain%20Abdullah">Muhammad Azmain Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ar%20Rashedul"> Ar Rashedul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20%20Ali"> Mohammad Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper scrutinizes the influences of turbulence on heat transport rate, Nusselt number. The subject matter of this investigation also deals with the improvement of heat transfer efficiency of the swirl flow obtained by rotating a twisted tape in a circular pipe. The conditions to be fulfilled to observe the impact of Reynolds number and rotational speed of twisted tape are: a uniform temperature on the outer surface of the pipe, the magnitude of velocity of water varying from 0.1 m/s to 0.7 m/s in order to alter Reynolds number and a rotational speed of 200 rpm to 600 rpm. The gyration of twisted tape increase by 17%. It is also observed that heat transfer is exactly proportional to inlet gauge pressure and reciprocally proportional to increase of twist ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20flow" title="swirl flow">swirl flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twisted%20tape" title=" twisted tape"> twisted tape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twist%20ratio" title=" twist ratio"> twist ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77361/numerical-study-on-enhancement-of-heat-transfer-by-turbulence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4253</span> Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a Can-Type Combustion Chamber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvakuma%20Kumaresh">Selvakuma Kumaresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combustion phenomenon will be accomplished effectively by the development of low emission combustor. One of the significant factors influencing the entire Combustion process is the mixing between a swirling angular jet (Primary Air) and the non-swirling inner jet (fuel). To study this fundamental flow, the chamber had to be designed in such a manner that the combustion process to sustain itself in a continuous manner and the temperature of the products is sufficiently below the maximum working temperature in the turbine. This study is used to develop the effective combustion with low unburned combustion products by adopting the concept of high swirl flow and motility of holes in the secondary chamber. The proper selection of a swirler is needed to reduce emission which can be concluded from the emission of Nox and CO2. The capture of CO2 is necessary to mitigate CO2 emissions from natural gas. Thus the suppression of unburned gases is a meaningful objective for the development of high performance combustor without affecting turbine blade temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title="combustion">combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=can-type%20combustion%20chamber" title=" can-type combustion chamber"> can-type combustion chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motility%20of%20holes" title=" motility of holes"> motility of holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20flow" title=" swirl flow"> swirl flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11885/combustion-and-emission-characteristics-in-a-can-type-combustion-chamber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4252</span> A Three-Dimensional Investigation of Stabilized Turbulent Diffusion Flames Using Different Type of Fuel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moataz%20Medhat">Moataz Medhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20E.%20Khalil"> Essam E. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Haridy"> Hatem Haridy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, a numerical simulation study is used to 3-D model the steady-state combustion of a staged natural gas flame in a 300 kW swirl-stabilized burner, using ANSYS solver to find the highest combustion efficiency by changing the inlet air swirl number and burner quarl angle in a furnace and showing the effect of flue gas recirculation, type of fuel and staging. The combustion chamber of the gas turbine is a cylinder of diameter 1006.8 mm, and a height of 1651mm ending with a hood until the exhaust cylinder has been reached, where the exit of combustion products which have a diameter of 300 mm, with a height of 751mm. The model was studied by 15 degree of the circumference due to axisymmetric of the geometry and divided into a mesh of about 1.1 million cells. The numerical simulations were performed by solving the governing equations in a three-dimensional model using realizable K-epsilon equations to express the turbulence and non-premixed flamelet combustion model taking into consideration radiation effect. The validation of the results was done by comparing it with other experimental data to ensure the agreement of the results. The study showed two zones of recirculation. The primary one is at the center of the furnace, and the location of the secondary one varies by changing the quarl angle of the burner. It is found that the increase in temperature in the external recirculation zone is a result of increasing the swirl number of the inlet air stream. Also it was found that recirculating part of the combustion products back to the combustion zone decreases pollutants formation especially nitrogen monoxide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burner%20selection" title="burner selection">burner selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recirculation" title=" recirculation"> recirculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86742/a-three-dimensional-investigation-of-stabilized-turbulent-diffusion-flames-using-different-type-of-fuel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4251</span> A Hybrid Combustion Chamber Design for Diesel Engines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gopakumar">R. Gopakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Nagarajan"> G. Nagarajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both DI and IDI systems possess inherent advantages as well as disadvantages. The objective of the present work is to obtain maximum advantages of both systems by implementing a hybrid design. A hybrid combustion chamber design consists of two combustion chambers viz., the main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber. A fuel injector supplies major quantity of fuel to the auxiliary chamber. Due to the increased swirl motion in auxiliary chamber, mixing becomes more efficient which contributes to reduction in soot/particulate emissions. Also, by increasing the fuel injection pressure, NOx emissions can be reduced. The main objective of the hybrid combustion chamber design is to merge the positive features of both DI and IDI combustion chamber designs, which provides increased swirl motion and improved thermal efficiency. Due to the efficient utilization of fuel, low specific fuel consumption can be ensured. This system also aids in increasing the power output for same compression ratio and injection timing as compared with the conventional combustion chamber designs. The present system also reduces heat transfer and fluid dynamic losses which are encountered in IDI diesel engines. Since the losses are reduced, overall efficiency of the engine increases. It also minimizes the combustion noise and NOx emissions in conventional DI diesel engines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DI" title="DI">DI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDI" title=" IDI"> IDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20combustion" title=" hybrid combustion"> hybrid combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engines" title=" diesel engines"> diesel engines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10858/a-hybrid-combustion-chamber-design-for-diesel-engines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4250</span> Extracting an Experimental Relation between SMD, Mass Flow Rate, Velocity and Pressure in Swirl Fuel Atomizers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hassan%20Ziraksaz">Mohammad Hassan Ziraksaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuel atomizers are used in a wide range of IC engines, turbojets and a variety of liquid propellant rocket engines. As the fuel spray fully develops its characters approach their ultimate amounts. Fuel spray characters such as SMD, injection pressure, mass flow rate, droplet velocity and spray cone angle play important roles to atomize the liquid fuel to finely atomized fuel droplets and finally form the fine fuel spray. Well performed, fully developed, fine spray without any defections, brings the idea of finding an experimental relation between the main effective spray characters. Extracting an experimental relation between SMD and other fuel spray physical characters in swirl fuel atomizers is the main scope of this experimental work. Droplet velocity, fuel mass flow rate, SMD and spray cone angle are the parameters which are measured. A set of twelve reverse engineering atomizers without any spray defections and a set of eight original atomizers as referenced well-performed spray are contributed in this work. More than 350 tests, mostly repeated, were performed. This work shows that although spray cone angle plays a very effective role in spray formation, after formation, it smoothly approaches to an almost constant amount while the other characters are changed to create fine droplets. Therefore, the work to find the relation between the characters is focused on SMD, droplet velocity, fuel mass flow rate, and injection pressure. The process of fuel spray formation begins in 5 Psig injection pressures, where a tiny fuel onion attaches to the injector tip and ended in 250 Psig injection pressure, were fully developed fine fuel spray forms. Injection pressure is gradually increased to observe how the spray forms. In each step, all parameters are measured and recorded carefully to provide a data bank. Various diagrams have been drawn to study the behavior of the parameters in more detail. Experiments and graphs show that the power equation can best show changes in parameters. The SMD experimental relation with pressure P, fuel mass flow rate Q ̇ and droplet velocity V extracted individually in pairs. Therefore, the proportional relation of SMD with other parameters is founded. Now it is time to find an experimental relation including all the parameters. Using obtained proportional relation, replacing the parameters with experimentally measured ones and drawing the graphs of experimental SMD versus proportion SMD (〖SMD〗_P), a correctional equation and consequently the final experimental equation is obtained. This experimental equation is specified to use for swirl fuel atomizers and the use of this experimental equation in different conditions shows about 3% error, which is expected to achieve lower error and consequently higher accuracy by increasing the number of experiments and increasing the accuracy of data collection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet%20velocity" title="droplet velocity">droplet velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20relation" title=" experimental relation"> experimental relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20flow%20rate" title=" mass flow rate"> mass flow rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMD" title=" SMD"> SMD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20fuel%20atomizer" title=" swirl fuel atomizer"> swirl fuel atomizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132417/extracting-an-experimental-relation-between-smd-mass-flow-rate-velocity-and-pressure-in-swirl-fuel-atomizers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4249</span> Numerical Investigation of AL₂O₃ Nanoparticle Effect on a Boiling Forced Swirl Flow Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ataollah%20Rabiee1">Ataollah Rabiee1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hossein%20Kamalinia"> Amir Hossein Kamalinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Atf"> Alireza Atf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important issues in the design of nuclear fusion power plants is the heat removal from the hottest region at the diverter. Various methods could be employed in order to improve the heat transfer efficiency, such as generating turbulent flow and injection of nanoparticles in the host fluid. In the current study, Water/AL₂O₃ nanofluid forced swirl flow boiling has been investigated by using a homogeneous thermophysical model within the Eulerian-Eulerian framework through a twisted tape tube, and the boiling phenomenon was modeled using the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) approach. In addition to comparing the results with the experimental data and their reasonable agreement, it was evidenced that higher flow mixing results in more uniform bulk temperature and lower wall temperature along the twisted tape tube. The presence of AL₂O₃ nanoparticles in the boiling flow field showed that increasing the nanoparticle concentration leads to a reduced vapor volume fraction and wall temperature. The Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results show that the average heat transfer coefficient in the tube increases both by increasing the nanoparticle concentration and the insertion of twisted tape, which significantly affects the thermal field of the boiling flow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title="nanoparticle">nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling" title=" boiling"> boiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20phase%20flow" title=" two phase flow"> two phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title=" alumina"> alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITER" title=" ITER"> ITER</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126611/numerical-investigation-of-al2o3-nanoparticle-effect-on-a-boiling-forced-swirl-flow-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4248</span> An Empirical Investigation of Relationships between Consumer Involvement and Advertisement Effectiveness </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasim%20Karami%20Mal%20Amiri">Nasim Karami Mal Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Razm%20Azma"> Farhad Razm Azma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parts of consumer involvement in regards to one product are related to advertisement strategies. Different consumer involvement has different answers to the effectiveness of advertisement. This study has divided the market considering the characteristics and relationship between consumer involvement and the effectiveness of advertisement. The results of this study show consumer involvement which does affect parts of marketing. A positive and direct relationship among consumer involvement and the eventual effectiveness of advertisement has been shown. A great amount of consumer involvement is directly related to advertisement effectiveness. Therefore, consumer involvement is a critical factor in advertisement strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20involvement" title="consumer involvement">consumer involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement%20effectiveness" title=" advertisement effectiveness"> advertisement effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20marketing" title=" effective marketing "> effective marketing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105/an-empirical-investigation-of-relationships-between-consumer-involvement-and-advertisement-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4247</span> A Comprehensive CFD Model for Sugar-Cane Bagasse Heterogeneous Combustion in a Grate Boiler System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Jos%C3%A9%20de%20Oliveira%20Ferreira">Daniel José de Oliveira Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Harold%20Sosa-Arnao"> Juan Harold Sosa-Arnao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20C%C3%A1ssio%20Moreira"> Bruno Cássio Moreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardo%20Paes%20Rangel"> Leonardo Paes Rangel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Won%20Park"> Song Won Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The comprehensive CFD models have been used to represent and study the heterogeneous combustion of biomass. In the present work, the operation of a global flue gas circuit in the sugar-cane bagasse combustion, from wind boxes below primary air grate supply, passing by bagasse insertion in swirl burners and boiler furnace, to boiler bank outlet is simulated. It uses five different meshes representing each part of this system located in sequence: wind boxes and grate, boiler furnace, swirl burners, super heaters and boiler bank. The model considers turbulence using standard k-ε, combustion using EDM, radiation heat transfer using DTM with 16 ray directions and bagasse particle tracking represented by Schiller-Naumann model. The results showed good agreement with expected behavior found in literature and equipment design. The more detailed results view in separated parts of flue gas system allows to observe some flow behaviors that cannot be represented by usual simplifications like bagasse supply under homogeneous axial and rotational vectors and others that can be represented using new considerations like the representation of 26 thousand grate orifices by 144 rectangular inlets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20CFD%20model" title="comprehensive CFD model">comprehensive CFD model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar-cane%20bagasse%20combustion" title=" sugar-cane bagasse combustion"> sugar-cane bagasse combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar-cane%20bagasse%20grate%20boiler" title=" sugar-cane bagasse grate boiler"> sugar-cane bagasse grate boiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial" title=" axial"> axial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22864/a-comprehensive-cfd-model-for-sugar-cane-bagasse-heterogeneous-combustion-in-a-grate-boiler-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4246</span> Numerical Analysis of Charge Exchange in an Opposed-Piston Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zbigniew%20Czy%C5%BC">Zbigniew Czyż</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Majczak"> Adam Majczak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20Grabowski"> Lukasz Grabowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a description of geometric models, computational algorithms, and results of numerical analyses of charge exchange in a two-stroke opposed-piston engine. The research engine was a newly designed internal Diesel engine. The unit is characterized by three cylinders in which three pairs of opposed-pistons operate. The engine will generate a power output equal to 100 kW at a crankshaft rotation speed of 3800-4000 rpm. The numerical investigations were carried out using ANSYS FLUENT solver. Numerical research, in contrast to experimental research, allows us to validate project assumptions and avoid costly prototype preparation for experimental tests. This makes it possible to optimize the geometrical model in countless variants with no production costs. The geometrical model includes an intake manifold, a cylinder, and an outlet manifold. The study was conducted for a series of modifications of manifolds and intake and exhaust ports to optimize the charge exchange process in the engine. The calculations specified a swirl coefficient obtained under stationary conditions for a full opening of intake and exhaust ports as well as a CA value of 280° for all cylinders. In addition, mass flow rates were identified separately in all of the intake and exhaust ports to achieve the best possible uniformity of flow in the individual cylinders. For the models under consideration, velocity, pressure and streamline contours were generated in important cross sections. The developed models are designed primarily to minimize the flow drag through the intake and exhaust ports while the mass flow rate increases. Firstly, in order to calculate the swirl ratio [-], tangential velocity v [m/s] and then angular velocity ω [rad / s] with respect to the charge as the mean of each element were calculated. The paper contains comparative analyses of all the intake and exhaust manifolds of the designed engine. Acknowledgement: This work has been realized in the cooperation with The Construction Office of WSK "PZL-KALISZ" S.A." and is part of Grant Agreement No. POIR.01.02.00-00-0002/15 financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20swirl" title=" engine swirl"> engine swirl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20mechanics" title=" fluid mechanics"> fluid mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20flow%20rates" title=" mass flow rates"> mass flow rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opposed-piston%20engine" title=" opposed-piston engine"> opposed-piston engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81483/numerical-analysis-of-charge-exchange-in-an-opposed-piston-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4245</span> Developing a Framework for Online Auction Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chechen%20Liao">Chechen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui-Lai%20To"> Pui-Lai To</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Ying%20Chen"> Chiao-Ying Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An introduction of internet auction has significantly widened the pool of consumers who participate in auctions and increased the number of companies attempting to sell their products in an auction format. Previous research on auctions has focused almost exclusively on the behavior of professional bidders. In this study, we focus on the characteristic of seller, auction parameter and the effect of supply and demand, and examine these impacts on auction effectiveness. In particular, a framework for online auction effectiveness was developed. The framework will help researchers and practitioner to find ways to improve online auction effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Auction%20Effectiveness" title="Auction Effectiveness">Auction Effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Framework%20Developing" title=" Framework Developing"> Framework Developing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Online%20Auction" title=" Online Auction"> Online Auction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selling%20Strategy" title=" Selling Strategy"> Selling Strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50851/developing-a-framework-for-online-auction-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4244</span> Assessing Effectiveness of Manager-Subordinate Relationships at Workplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anant%20Sagar">Anant Sagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manisha%20Rana"> Manisha Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surabhi%20Singhal"> Surabhi Singhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed at analysing the effectiveness of manager-subordinate relationship and the different factors contributing to its effectiveness in a mid-sized IT organization. To define effectiveness in context of a manager-subordinate relationship, a model was framed which analyses personal and professional need fulfilment of subordinates. On basis of this need satisfaction based effectiveness model, relationships are categorized into four types anchored on two scales; Personal Need Satisfaction and Professional Need Satisfaction. These spatial effectiveness scores of a managerial relationship are further mapped with the relationship style of the manager to identify relationship styles which are associated with different effectiveness levels. The relationship style is analysed by using Impact Message Inventory-Circumplex (IMI-C). The results show that managerial relationship’s effectiveness is contingent on manager’s affiliation scores, subordinate’s previous work experience and the ability of managers to influence the personal and professional needs of employees through organizational policies. The findings reflect that effectiveness of manager-subordinate relationship increased in a friendly workplace where managers were adequately empowered to acknowledge employee needs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship%20effectiveness" title="relationship effectiveness">relationship effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=need%20fulfilment" title=" need fulfilment"> need fulfilment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=managerial%20style" title=" managerial style"> managerial style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20message%20inventory-circumplex" title=" impact message inventory-circumplex"> impact message inventory-circumplex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4397/assessing-effectiveness-of-manager-subordinate-relationships-at-workplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4243</span> Exploring the State of Leadership Effectiveness of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ojeka%20Alexandra">Ojeka Alexandra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the leadership effectiveness of leaders of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study sought to examine the leadership styles adopted, the leadership energy and effectiveness of the leaders of two tertiary institutions. The research was undertaken at two institutions, one Polytechnic and one University. The population of the study was the lecturers and the heads of departments of the two institutions. The leadership matrix and leadership effectiveness index questionnaires were employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The preferred and practiced styles were compared and contrasted to determine whether or not they were used to achieve goals and objectives of the lecturers and the organizations. The recommendations contribute towards the academic and professional development of the lecturers and their institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title="leadership">leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20effectiveness" title="leadership effectiveness">leadership effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20energy" title=" leadership energy"> leadership energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tertiary%20institutions" title=" tertiary institutions"> tertiary institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20leadership%20styles" title=" and leadership styles"> and leadership styles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34338/exploring-the-state-of-leadership-effectiveness-of-tertiary-institutions-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20effectiveness&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20effectiveness&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20effectiveness&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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