California Is Getting Wetter and Drier With Weather Whiplash

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <title>California Is Getting Wetter and Drier With Weather Whiplash - Business Insider</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" > <meta name="title" content="California's sudden jump from withering drought to violent floods is a warning for the whole world" > <meta name="datePublished" content="2023-01-05T23:01:42Z" > <meta name="dateModified" content="2023-01-05T23:08:51Z" > <meta name="news_keywords" content="News, Science, California, Weather, Climate Change" > <meta name="description" content="California isn't just drying out. Paradoxically, it's also getting wetter, as shown by the forceful floods that are puncturing its mega-drought." > <meta property="author" content="Morgan McFall-Johnsen" > <meta property="article:publisher" content="businessinsider" > <meta name="tbi-vertical" content="News" > <meta property="og:title" content="California's sudden jump from withering drought to violent floods is a warning for the whole world" > <meta property="og:description" content="California isn't just drying out. 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Harrington"},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Morgan McFall-Johnsen","sameAs":"https://www.businessinsider.com/author/morgan-mcfall-johnsen"},"publisher":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Business Insider","legalName":"Insider Inc.","foundingDate":"2007","url":"www.businessinsider.com","sameAs":["https://www.instagram.com/businessinsider","https://www.twitter.com/businessinsider","https://www.facebook.com/businessinsider","https://www.linkedin.com/company/businessinsider","https://www.youtube.com/@BusinessInsider"],"founder":{"@type":"Person","name":"Henry Blodget"},"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/logos/structured-data.png"}},"headline":"California is getting wetter and drier with weather whiplash","alternativeHeadline":"California's sudden jump from withering drought to violent floods is a warning for the whole world","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://i.insider.com/63b752ab2c55080018690c5c?width=1200&format=jpeg","width":1200,"height":900,"caption":"A landslide blocks Highway 92 West in San Mateo County, California, on December 31, 2022."},"name":"California's sudden jump from withering drought to violent floods is a warning for the whole world","datePublished":"2023-01-05T23:01:42Z","dateModified":"2023-01-05T23:08:51Z","description":"California isn't just drying out. Paradoxically, it's also getting wetter, as shown by the forceful floods that are puncturing its mega-drought.","keywords":"California, Weather, Climate Change","articleBody":"A powerful cyclone walloping California is the latest in a series of atmospheric rivers flooding the state, briefly puncturing a years-long drought.These rivers — long, narrow streams of water vapor traveling from the tropics — can carry as much water as the average flow at the mouth of the Mississippi River.On Wednesday night, a new one pummeled Northern California with powerful winds and rain, leading to evacuation orders, road closures, and power outages for nearly 170,000 homes.A toddler died after a tree crashed into a house, local paper The Press Democrat reported, and a 19-year-old died after losing control of her vehicle on a flooded road, according to police.Much of the rain fell on ground that was already saturated from a similar storm that flooded the area on New Year's Eve. Those floods caused landslides and sinkholes, stranded people in flooded cars and newly formed islands, and breached levees.In some places, waters from the New Year's storm hadn't even receded before the next deluge arrived.Yet another atmospheric river is forecast to ride on this storm's tails over the weekend, and still another may follow next week. Each rainfall event could layer on more and more flooding.\"Everyone assumes that California's getting drier,\" Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, told Insider. \"It almost universally comes across as a surprise that it's actually more likely that Northern California sees more rain in the future than less — even as it sees more severe droughts.\"In a counterintuitive twist, both droughts and floods are becoming more severe in California. The state is getting both drier and wetter.Like in many places across the globe, that double whammy makes it harder to adjust to the changing climate.Swain calls this \"hydroclimate whiplash\" — the sudden jump from withering drought to violent floods. It happened last year in the Midwest, the Southwest, China, Pakistan, Australia, and Western Europe.Swain and other scientists are finding that climate change drives more and more of this weather whiplash worldwide.\"You can really go to any continent, in any season, and find something at this point,\" Swain said.Historic drought across California left parched soils ready to drink up the winter rains, but it also created new hazards for flooding.Mass tree die-offs in both forests and cities have left behind brittle skeletons that are prone to collapse in heavy winds. Those falling trees and branches can damage property and knock out power during storms.Drought has also made wildfires more ravenous, leaving behind larger burn scars, which bring their own flood hazards. Areas scarred from wildfire are prone to mudslides and flash floods during heavy rainfall.Though climate change isn't necessarily causing California's drought, it's probably contributing to it, as rising temperatures dry out soil and vegetation. Scientists expect droughts to become more common and more intense as global temperatures continue to rise in the coming years, according to the latest report from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.At the same time, California's wet season is becoming wetter and more violent.A basic rule of thermodynamics is driving more severe rainfall events all over the world: Warmer air has a greater capacity to carry water vapor.For every temperature increase of 1 degree Fahrenheit, the atmosphere gains 4% more water-carrying capacity. So as the planet warms, it exponentially raises the ceiling for how much water an atmospheric river can carry and dump on California.\"We can't even really get used to the rate of change. We need to get used to an increasing rate of change,\" Swain said, comparing the exponential rise to compound interest in a bank account.Already, average summer temperatures in California have risen 3 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Researchers there forecast that atmospheric rivers are strengthening and becoming the dominant source of precipitation in the state.California's rainfall is likely to come in fewer, more dramatic bursts, disrupting extended dry periods.That means the cost of flood damages from atmospheric rivers could triple by the end of the century if humans don't reel in greenhouse-gas emissions, according to another Scripps study.\"It's not too late to limit the risk,\" Tom Corringham, a climate economist who led the study, said in a press release in August. \"Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions could significantly reduce projected damages.\"California's mid-drought deluge is just an example of a global trend: Normal weather patterns are getting more extreme, and weather whiplash is the new norm.These violent swings between dry and wet events are projected to happen more frequently and grow more severe in the coming decades, especially if emissions continue to rise.Three recent studies show that increasing drought-flood whiplash is more than a projected future. 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https://i.insider.com/63b72d602c55080018690362?width=700&format=jpeg&auto=webp 700w, https://i.insider.com/63b72d602c55080018690362?width=1000&format=jpeg&auto=webp 1000w, https://i.insider.com/63b72d602c55080018690362?width=1300&format=jpeg&auto=webp 1300w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 900px" alt="bearded man wearing rain jacket pulls rope on wooden raft in flooded forest river with tent in background" decoding="sync" /> </div> <span class="image-source-caption with-caption-drawer"> <input class="caption-drawer-input" type="checkbox" id="caption-drawer-checkbox"> <label class="caption-drawer-label" for="caption-drawer-btn"> <svg class="svg-icon chevron-down-icon caption-drawer-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" > <path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m19.44 5.5-7.486 7.72L4.56 5.594 2 8.234 11.954 18.5 22 8.14 19.44 5.5Z"/> </svg> </label> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption" > <span class="image-caption-text">Jeff Big Jeff, 58, uses a raft to move his belongings from his tent at a homeless encampment on Bannon Island, along the Sacramento River on January 4, 2023.</span> <span class="image-source-text"> <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText" > <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/jeff-big-jeff-originally-of-tucson-arizona-uses-a-raft-to-news-photo/1246008663?phrase=california%20flood&adppopup=true" class="image-source-link not-content-link" rel="nofollow" > Gary Coronado / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images </a> </span> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure> <div class="inline-backup-paywall desktop" data-component-type="inline-backup-paywall" style="display:none"> <span class="headline-semibold subscription-msg">This story is available exclusively to Business Insider subscribers. <a href="/subscription" class="subscription-link">Become an Insider</a> and start reading now.</span> <span class="headline-regular login-prompt">Have an account? <button class="login-prompt-btn">Log in</button>.</span> </div> <div> <section class="post-content typography " data-track-content="" data-post-type="post" > <div id="piano-inline-content-wrapper" data-piano-inline-content-wrapper data-user-status="anonymous" > <div data-component-type="content-lock" data-load-strategy="exclude"> <div class="content-lock-content"> <ul class="summary-list"> <li>A chain of <a href="https://www.insider.com/atmospheric-river-definition-term-has-becomes-part-of-lexicon-2023-1" data-analytics-product-module="summary_bullets" rel="">atmospheric rivers</a> is raining on drought-stricken California, causing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-of-california-floods-show-damage-rescues-more-rain-coming-2023-1" data-analytics-product-module="summary_bullets" rel="">deadly floods</a>.</li> <li>Drought can make flood hazards worse by leaving brittle trees and landslide-prone wildfire scars.</li> <li>This drought-flood weather whiplash is becoming more common and severe as global temperatures rise.</li> </ul><p>A powerful cyclone walloping California is the latest in a series of atmospheric rivers flooding the state, briefly puncturing a years-long drought.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-1" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-1/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-1" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-1/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-1","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-not-lazy="" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><p>These rivers — long, narrow streams of water vapor traveling from the tropics — can carry as much water as the average flow at the mouth of the Mississippi River.</p><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 2500)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b702337fffa90018da6397"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b702337fffa90018da6397":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":2500,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="satellite image shows giant swirl of clouds just off the coast of california about to engulf the state"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> A cyclone created by an atmospheric river approaches California on January 3, 2023. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> NOAA GOES-West </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>On Wednesday night, a new one pummeled Northern California with powerful winds and rain, leading to evacuation orders, road closures, and power outages for nearly 170,000 homes.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-2" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-2/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-2" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-2/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-2","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><p>A toddler died after a tree crashed into a house, local paper <a href="https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/toddler-dies-after-tree-lands-on-occidental-home/" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel=" nofollow">The Press Democrat</a> reported, and a 19-year-old died after losing control of her vehicle on a flooded road, according to <a href="https://www.facebook.com/FairfieldPolice/posts/pfbid02fY4bobpkJK6ZvtepjZUBp8nkaupj1uva91zNUQaV6sA7UQxmi2FksCG3usUUQB3al" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-analytics-product-module="body_link">police</a>.</p><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 1999)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b72f7a8a50b20018ef3023"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b72f7a8a50b20018ef3023":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":1999,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="valeros gas pump leaning over underneath collapsed gas station roof"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> The canopy of gas station, toppled by strong winds in South San Francisco on January 4, 2023. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> <a href="https://newsroom.ap.org/detail/SevereWeatherCalifornia/bd599d916d1e40edacf24168701b5f58/photo?Query=california%20floods&mediaType=photo&sortBy=arrivaldatetime:desc&dateRange=Anytime&totalCount=2033&currentItemNo=5" rel="nofollow" class="image-source-link not-content-link" data-analytics-product-module="body_link"> Godofredo A. Vásquez/AP Photo </a> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>Much of the rain fell on ground that was already saturated from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-of-california-floods-show-damage-rescues-more-rain-coming-2023-1" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel="">a similar storm that flooded the area on New Year's Eve</a>. Those floods caused landslides and sinkholes, stranded people in flooded cars and newly formed islands, and breached levees.</p><p>In some places, waters from the New Year's storm hadn't even receded before the next deluge arrived.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-3" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-3/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-3" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-3/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-3","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 2000)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b729978a50b20018ef2e85"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b729978a50b20018ef2e85":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":2000,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="bulldozer drives down dirt road surrounded by flooding"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> A view from a drone shows crews repairing a levee north of the Cosumnes River, after it was breached by heavy rains, near Wilton, California, January 2, 2023. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> <a href="https://www.reutersconnect.com/detail?id=tag%3Areuters.com%2C2023%3Anewsml_RC2BIY932BML%3A1902650014" rel="nofollow" class="image-source-link not-content-link" data-analytics-product-module="body_link"> Fred Greaves/Reuters </a> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>Yet another atmospheric river is forecast to ride on this storm's tails over the weekend, and still another may follow next week. Each rainfall event could layer on more and more flooding.</p><h2>California is getting both drier and wetter</h2><p>"Everyone assumes that California's getting drier," Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, told Insider. "It almost universally comes across as a surprise that it's actually more likely that Northern California sees <em>more</em> rain in the future than less — even as it sees more severe droughts."</p><p>In a counterintuitive twist, both droughts and floods are becoming more severe in California. The state is getting both drier and wetter.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-4" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-4" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-4-plus","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><p>Like in many places across the globe, that double whammy makes it harder to adjust to the changing climate.</p><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 1999)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b727cb8a50b20018ef2e17"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b727cb8a50b20018ef2e17":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":1999,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="crews in hardhats and reflective vests work on a sinkhole in a street"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> Crews work at repairing a sinkhole from recent storms in Daly City, California, January 3, 2022. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> <a href="https://newsroom.ap.org/detail/CaliforniaStorms/798af732548a45979d5127492bb5948a/photo?Query=california%20floods&mediaType=photo&sortBy=arrivaldatetime:desc&dateRange=Anytime&totalCount=2033&currentItemNo=24" rel="nofollow" class="image-source-link not-content-link" data-analytics-product-module="body_link"> Haven Daley/AP Photo </a> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>Swain calls this "hydroclimate whiplash" — the sudden jump from withering drought to violent floods. It happened last year in the Midwest, the Southwest, China, Pakistan, Australia, and Western Europe.</p><p>Swain and other scientists are finding that climate change drives more and more of this weather whiplash worldwide.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-5" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-5" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-4-plus","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><p>"You can really go to any continent, in any season, and find something at this point," Swain said.</p><h2>Droughts and fires can make flooding more hazardous</h2><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1333 / 1778)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b72f822c550800186903dd"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b72f822c550800186903dd":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":1778,"aspectRatioH":1333}}" alt="A tree is fallen across a forest road with crews working to remove it"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> Multiple trees fell across Highway 101 in Humboldt County, with a crew working to dismantle them on Wednesday. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> Caltrans District 1 via AP </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>Historic drought across California left parched soils ready to drink up the winter rains, but it also created new hazards for flooding.</p><p><a href="https://fox5sandiego.com/news/fragile-forests-millions-of-california-trees-dying-due-to-drought/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-analytics-product-module="body_link">Mass tree die-offs</a> in both forests and cities have left behind brittle skeletons that are prone to collapse in heavy winds. Those falling trees and branches can damage property and knock out power during storms.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-6" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-6" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-4-plus","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><p>Drought has also made wildfires more ravenous, leaving behind larger burn scars, which bring their own flood hazards. Areas scarred from wildfire are prone to mudslides and flash floods during heavy rainfall.</p><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 2250)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b2359fa51b3d00185b668a"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b2359fa51b3d00185b668a":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":2250,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="car drives around landslide pile of dirt ringed with floodwater blocking mountain highway"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> A landslide blocks Highway 92 West in San Mateo County, California, on December 31, 2022. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com/?h=67da271a476bcf022a0eb63682251e219228c725ed6d826fb075b106e5acf39f&platform=browser&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.com%2Fdetail%2Fnews-photo%2Fview-of-landslide-on-the-highway-92-west-in-san-mateo-news-photo%2F1245913375%3Fphrase%3Dcalifornia%2520flood" class="image-source-link not-content-link" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel="nofollow sponsored noindex" data-am-orig-url="https://affiliate.insider.com/?h=67da271a476bcf022a0eb63682251e219228c725ed6d826fb075b106e5acf39f&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.com%2Fdetail%2Fnews-photo%2Fview-of-landslide-on-the-highway-92-west-in-san-mateo-news-photo%2F1245913375%3Fphrase%3Dcalifornia%2520flood"> Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images </a> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>Though climate change isn't necessarily causing California's drought, it's probably contributing to it, as rising temperatures dry out soil and vegetation. Scientists expect droughts to become more common and more intense as global temperatures continue to rise in the coming years, according to the latest <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/" rel=" nofollow" data-analytics-module="body_link" data-analytics-post-depth="80" data-uri="124dbf50631a779acd31f8f8450e3389" data-analytics-product-module="body_link">report</a> from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</p><p>At the same time, California's wet season is becoming wetter and more violent.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-7" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-7" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-4-plus","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><h2>Atmospheric rivers can dump more rain as temperatures rise</h2><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 2250)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b7298b8a50b20018ef2e79"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b7298b8a50b20018ef2e79":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":2250,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="silver car sitting on the hood of a black car in standing water in a field"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> Cars piled up after they were swept off the road due to rainstorms that caused flooding in Sacramento County, in Wilton, California, January 2, 2023. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> <a href="https://www.reutersconnect.com/detail?id=tag%3Areuters.com%2C2023%3Anewsml_RC2IIY9MIWSX%3A113297742" rel="nofollow" class="image-source-link not-content-link" data-analytics-product-module="body_link"> Fred Greaves/Reuters </a> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>A basic rule of thermodynamics is driving more severe rainfall events all over the world: Warmer air has a greater capacity to carry water vapor.</p> <section class="dad-related-posts-component at-inline related-posts" data-component-type="dad-related-posts" data-delay-third-party-scripts="true" data-size="2" data-container-index="in_content_recirc_1" data-included-verticals="news" data-placement="inline" data-excluded-verticals="bi-video" data-root-margin="250px 0px" data-track-view="{"event":"module_in_view","element_name":"in_content_recirc","subscription_experience":"bi_value_unassigned","product_field":"in_content_recirc_1"}"> <div class="content-recommendations-title-container"> <h2 class="content-recommendations-title display-xs ignore-typography"> Related stories </h2> </div> <div class="dad-related-posts-container"></div> </section> <p>For every temperature increase of 1 degree Fahrenheit, the atmosphere gains 4% more water-carrying capacity. So as the planet warms, it exponentially raises the ceiling for how much water an atmospheric river can carry and dump on California.</p><p>"We can't even really get used to the rate of change. We need to get used to an increasing rate of change," Swain said, comparing the exponential rise to compound interest in a bank account.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-8" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-8" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-4-plus","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 2250)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b72f748a50b20018ef301a"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b72f748a50b20018ef301a":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":2250,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="fallen trees block street and entrance to large white library building"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> A crew works to remove fallen trees outside an entrance to the main public library in San Francisco, January 5, 2023. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> <a href="https://newsroom.ap.org/detail/SevereWeatherCalifornia/18cf60ff7c664c09836fd3e3e04bd21c/photo?Query=california%20floods&mediaType=photo&sortBy=arrivaldatetime:desc&dateRange=Anytime&totalCount=2033&currentItemNo=2" rel="nofollow" class="image-source-link not-content-link" data-analytics-product-module="body_link"> Olga Rodriguez/AP Photo </a> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>Already, average summer temperatures in California have risen 3 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the <a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/research/climate-change-resources/faq-climate-change-california" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel="">Scripps Institution of Oceanography</a>. Researchers there <a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/atmospheric-rivers-become-even-more-dominant-source-california-water-resources-and-flooding" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel="">forecast</a> that atmospheric rivers are strengthening and becoming the dominant source of precipitation in the state.</p><p>California's rainfall is likely to come in fewer, more dramatic bursts, disrupting extended dry periods.</p><p>That means the cost of flood damages from atmospheric rivers could triple by the end of the century if humans don't reel in greenhouse-gas emissions, according to <a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/climate-change-projected-increase-atmospheric-river-flood-damages-united-states#:~:text=Atmospheric%20rivers%20(ARs)%20are%20long,tropics%20to%20the%20mid%20latitudes." target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-analytics-product-module="body_link">another Scripps study</a>.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-9" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-9" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-4-plus","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><p>"It's not too late to limit the risk," Tom Corringham, a climate economist who led the study, said in a press release in August. "Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions could significantly reduce projected damages."</p><h2>Weather whiplash is here to stay, and it will probably get more severe</h2><figure class="figure image-figure-image " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="lazy-holder " style="padding-top: calc(100% * 1500 / 1999)"> <meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://i.insider.com/63b2344da51b3d00185b6686"> <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F%3E%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='1' height='1'/%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{"https://i.insider.com/63b2344da51b3d00185b6686":{"contentType":"image/jpeg","aspectRatioW":1999,"aspectRatioH":1500}}" alt="man dumps bucket of brown water onto flooded street through shop doorway"> </div> <span class="image-source-caption "> <figcaption class="image-caption headline-semibold" data-e2e-name="image-caption"> A business struggled with floodwaters in San Carlos, California, on December 31, 2022. <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source" itemprop="creditText"> <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com/?h=3456ba5517dea3475213b0222d8a87081e1613dedfa442c878315c513f399fd9&platform=browser&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.com%2Fdetail%2Fnews-photo%2Frainstorm-causes-flash-flood-in-san-carlos-california-news-photo%2F1245906243%3Fphrase%3Dcalifornia%2520flood" class="image-source-link not-content-link" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel="nofollow sponsored noindex" data-am-orig-url="https://affiliate.insider.com/?h=3456ba5517dea3475213b0222d8a87081e1613dedfa442c878315c513f399fd9&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.com%2Fdetail%2Fnews-photo%2Frainstorm-causes-flash-flood-in-san-carlos-california-news-photo%2F1245906243%3Fphrase%3Dcalifornia%2520flood"> Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images </a> </span> </figcaption> </span> </figure><p>California's mid-drought deluge is just an example of a global trend: Normal weather patterns are getting more extreme, and weather whiplash is the new norm.</p><p>These violent swings between dry and wet events are projected to happen more frequently and grow more severe in the coming decades, especially if emissions continue to rise.</p><div class="in-post-sticky only-desktop"><div class="ad-callout-wrapper ad-label headline-medium only-desktop"> <div data-bi-ad="" id="gpt-post-news-desktop_in_post_ad-desktop-fluid-10" class="ad ad-wrapper fluid in-post only-desktop" data-force="" data-type="ad" data-adunit="businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news" data-secvert="science" data-tag="california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change" data-authors="morgan-mcfall-johnsen" data-region="Desktop In Post Ad" data-responsive="[{"browserLimit":[728,0],"slotSize":[[300,250],"fluid"]},{"browserLimit":[1260,0],"slotSize":[[728,90],[300,250],[800,480],[600,480],"fluid"]}]" data-tile-order="tile-10" data-url="/california-weather-whiplash-floods-drought-getting-worse-atmospheric-rivers-2023-1" data-template="default" data-targeting="{"adunit":"businessinsider.desktop/post/in-content-4-plus/news","region":"Desktop In Post Ad","tag":"california,atmospheric-river,floods,drought,weather,climate-change","template":"default","dvp_spos":"in-content-4-plus","rawvert":""}" data-amazontamsizes="[[728,90],[300,250]]" data-enable-ad-refresher="true" data-refresh-count="0"></div> </div></div><p><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aca3b9/pdf" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel=" nofollow">Three</a> <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022GL100659" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-analytics-product-module="body_link">recent</a> <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL099582" data-analytics-product-module="body_link" rel=" nofollow">studies</a> show that increasing drought-flood whiplash is more than a projected future. In California, it's already here, and scientists can see it happening in their data.</p><p>"As recently as a few years ago, it was sort of a prediction," Swain said. "Now we're starting to see it as a reality."</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <section class="post-content-more"> <section class="dad-related-posts-component at-post-bottom related-posts standard" data-component-type="dad-related-posts" data-delay-third-party-scripts="true" data-size="4" data-container-index="" data-included-verticals="news" data-placement="post-bottom" data-excluded-verticals="bi-video" data-root-margin="250px 0px" data-track-view="{"element_name":"end_of_article_recirc","product_field":"bi_value_unassigned","subscription_experience":"bi_value_unassigned"}" > <div class="content-recommendations-title-container"> <h2 class="content-recommendations-title display-xs ignore-typography"> Read next </h2> </div> <div class="dad-related-posts-container"></div> </section> </section> <div class="post-category-tags" data-component-type="post-category-tags" data-load-strategy="lazy"> <ul class="post-category-tags-list headline-semibold" 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