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class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/NaonoriNagaya">Naonori Nagaya</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">The University of Tokyo</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/BerndBrabecdeMori"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Bernd Brabec related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/7362204/2716678/98188122/s200_bernd.brabec.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/BerndBrabecdeMori">Bernd Brabec</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Innsbruck</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://udd.academia.edu/LorenaMunoz"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Lorena Munoz related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/7634658/140069753/129552214/s200_lorena.munoz.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://udd.academia.edu/LorenaMunoz">Lorena Munoz</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Universidad del Desarrollo (UDD)</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://hacettepe.academia.edu/OzlemBas"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Ozlem Bas related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/13001549/3681087/12596040/s200_ozlem.bas.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://hacettepe.academia.edu/OzlemBas">Ozlem Bas</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Hacettepe University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/Moraes"><img class="profile-avatar 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id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Sean Kohles</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27108260"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/27108260/The_relationship_between_vehicle_roof_crush_and_head_neck_and_spine_injury_in_rollover_crashes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KonradDobbertin">Konrad Dobbertin</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles">Sean Kohles</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Accident Analysis & Prevention</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury and death than other types of crashes. Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. Though they do not constitute definitive proof, they do contradict previously published theories suggesting that roof deformation is unrelated to such injuries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27108260"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27108260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27108260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27108260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27108260]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27108260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27108260']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27108260]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27108260,"title":"The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury and death than other types of crashes. Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. Though they do not constitute definitive proof, they do contradict previously published theories suggesting that roof deformation is unrelated to such injuries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Accident Analysis \u0026 Prevention"},"translated_abstract":"It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury and death than other types of crashes. Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. 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Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26994182-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992300"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992300/The_Influence_of_Vitamin_D_on_Osteogenic_Precursor_Cell_Biokinetics_for_Bone_Tissue_Engineering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Precursor Cell Biokinetics for Bone Tissue Engineering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The Influence of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Precursor Cell Biokinetics for Bone Tissue Engineering</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT A novel way of promoting cartilage and bone regeneration as a tissue development model i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT A novel way of promoting cartilage and bone regeneration as a tissue development model is through the incorporation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or precursor cell lines in three-dimensional culture, utilizing biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors. In this platform, the tissue development model is intended to mimic equivalents of childhood and adolescent tissues. MSCs are multipotent cells present in small concentration in adult bone marrow and adipose (fat) tissue that possess the qualities of an undifferentiated cell and have the potential to differentiate into several cell lineages, while precursor cells are partially differentiated and capable of differentiating into related cell lineages such as bone (osteoblasts) and cartilage (chondrocytes) cells. A conditionally immortalized osteoprecursor cell line derived from human fetal bone tissue (osteoblastic precursor cell line 1 or OPC-1) was previously designed to provide a consistent reproducible culture modality for direct comparisons between engineered bone graft designs. In addition, OPC-1 has the capacity to generate programmed differentiation, including osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages, based on local microenvironmental influences. It has been demonstrated that MSCs, osteogenic progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes have the ability to metabolize both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1伪,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), which in turn affects their gene regulation. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates a large number of genes, including transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. The objective of our work is to explore tissue development and regeneration by culturing both undifferentiated and differentiated cells in a bioengineered environment while assaying the concomitant biological response. Results indicate that OPC-1 can indeed metabolize 25D and 1,25D. This interaction also demonstrated a direct influence in OPC-1 proliferation and differentiation. Understanding the influence of vitamin D on bone and cartilage development will have significant implications on healthy aging, including the susceptibility to osteoarthritis and dental/orthopedic implant failure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992300"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992300]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992300']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992300]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992300,"title":"The Influence of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Precursor Cell Biokinetics for Bone Tissue Engineering","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT A novel way of promoting cartilage and bone regeneration as a tissue development model is through the incorporation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or precursor cell lines in three-dimensional culture, utilizing biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors. 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It has been demonstrated that MSCs, osteogenic progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes have the ability to metabolize both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1伪,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), which in turn affects their gene regulation. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates a large number of genes, including transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. The objective of our work is to explore tissue development and regeneration by culturing both undifferentiated and differentiated cells in a bioengineered environment while assaying the concomitant biological response. Results indicate that OPC-1 can indeed metabolize 25D and 1,25D. This interaction also demonstrated a direct influence in OPC-1 proliferation and differentiation. 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It has been demonstrated that MSCs, osteogenic progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes have the ability to metabolize both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1伪,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), which in turn affects their gene regulation. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates a large number of genes, including transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. The objective of our work is to explore tissue development and regeneration by culturing both undifferentiated and differentiated cells in a bioengineered environment while assaying the concomitant biological response. Results indicate that OPC-1 can indeed metabolize 25D and 1,25D. This interaction also demonstrated a direct influence in OPC-1 proliferation and differentiation. Understanding the influence of vitamin D on bone and cartilage development will have significant implications on healthy aging, including the susceptibility to osteoarthritis and dental/orthopedic implant failure.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992300-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992299"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992299/Response_Surface_Analysis_of_Flexural_and_Membrane_Stresses_to_Characterize_Flexible_Biologic_Materials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Response Surface Analysis of Flexural and Membrane Stresses to Characterize Flexible Biologic Materials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Response Surface Analysis of Flexural and Membrane Stresses to Characterize Flexible Biologic Materials</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992299"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992299; 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Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="178b5cf66f5c131bae2ee16444da372b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252368,"asset_id":26992298,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252368/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992298"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992298"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992298; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992298]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992298]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992298; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992298']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "178b5cf66f5c131bae2ee16444da372b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992298]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992298,"title":"Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Causation of Mesothelioma from Brake Dust","grobid_abstract":"Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. 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An opti...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this chapter, a unique experimental platform is described for singlecell biomechanics. An optical tweezer with minimal applied laser power has successfully suspended biologic cells at the geometric center of a microfluidic crossjunction. The resulting flow environment creates a unique multiaxial load application to isolated cells with site-specific normal and shear stresses resulting in a physically extended state. Computational fluid dynamics combined with multiphysics modeling has characterized the fluid environment and solid cellular strain response in three-dimensions to accompany experimental cell stimulation. These models will guide future microfluidic experiments as well as provide a framework for characterizing cytoskeletal structures influencing the stress on strain response.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6841cafb0b227e109143a4a606c9f2c6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252367,"asset_id":26992297,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252367/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992297"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992297"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992297; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992297]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992297; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992297']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6841cafb0b227e109143a4a606c9f2c6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992297]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992297,"title":"Chapter 8 Opto-Hydrodynamic Trapping for Multiaxial Single-Cell Biomechanics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"In this chapter, a unique experimental platform is described for singlecell biomechanics. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992296-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992295"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992295/Opto_Hydrodynamic_Trapping_for_Multiaxial_Single_Cell_Biomechanics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Opto-Hydrodynamic Trapping for Multiaxial Single-Cell Biomechanics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Opto-Hydrodynamic Trapping for Multiaxial Single-Cell Biomechanics</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Cell Mechanics</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992295"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992295"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992295; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992295-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992294"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992294/Novel_computational_approaches_characterizing_knee_physiotherapy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Novel computational approaches characterizing knee physiotherapy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252361/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992294/Novel_computational_approaches_characterizing_knee_physiotherapy">Novel computational approaches characterizing knee physiotherapy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Computational Design and Engineering</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial alignment. If just one of the components is abnormally off-axis, the biomechanical system fails, resulting in arthritis. The complexity of various failures in the knee joint has led orthopedic surgeons to select total knee replacement as a primary treatment. In many cases, this means sacrificing much of an otherwise normal joint. Here, we review novel computational approaches to describe knee physiotherapy by introducing a new dimension of foot loading to the knee axis alignment producing an improved functional status of the patient. New physiotherapeutic applications are then possible by aligning foot loading with the functional axis of the knee joint during the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e3ca2983a94a35318a4a52e7b25e8a90" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252361,"asset_id":26992294,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252361/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992294"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992294"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992294; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992294]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992294; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992294']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e3ca2983a94a35318a4a52e7b25e8a90" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992294]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992294,"title":"Novel computational approaches characterizing knee physiotherapy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Computational Approaches to Knee Physiotherapy and Foot Loading","grobid_abstract":"A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial alignment. If just one of the components is abnormally off-axis, the biomechanical system fails, resulting in arthritis. The complexity of various failures in the knee joint has led orthopedic surgeons to select total knee replacement as a primary treatment. In many cases, this means sacrificing much of an otherwise normal joint. Here, we review novel computational approaches to describe knee physiotherapy by introducing a new dimension of foot loading to the knee axis alignment producing an improved functional status of the patient. New physiotherapeutic applications are then possible by aligning foot loading with the functional axis of the knee joint during the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252361},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992294/Novel_computational_approaches_characterizing_knee_physiotherapy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:47.689-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252361,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252361/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Novel_Computational_Approaches_Character20160714-5488-1gjcdpc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252361/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Novel_computational_approaches_character.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252361/Novel_Computational_Approaches_Character20160714-5488-1gjcdpc-libre.pdf?1468529690=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNovel_computational_approaches_character.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=X1KBEKPu9smlQgNsORcwaD0KtRqqJVaFvvUPvVnAiKWHbk92RrkjGKTMiUeGmByslYrvWLahcltC-Gd438aeYut3dxARInSPM47uf-QLMlX-P7CTL0lYfBUUW5-A9SI2FGsxUC8fo1UGMOFzlKsrg-48U1Fwa-JGu89RE38toNB4tYxL7Rfxwg9UZnev3p8aFlEs-puFRJnvIbuRhPS4aR8XxVzGjfqBgP5K8i4GB46xtaOwi1bd-tNnQhR1KuuN7Yqfk4iQ39TfC6fM79LI98u6kbCJ~cN9uIxjL4v99gRx6SP3nccRhqo6PsOIDmHh6eWMuMt5m-0BEEkJ-TiA1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Novel_computational_approaches_characterizing_knee_physiotherapy","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial alignment. If just one of the components is abnormally off-axis, the biomechanical system fails, resulting in arthritis. The complexity of various failures in the knee joint has led orthopedic surgeons to select total knee replacement as a primary treatment. In many cases, this means sacrificing much of an otherwise normal joint. Here, we review novel computational approaches to describe knee physiotherapy by introducing a new dimension of foot loading to the knee axis alignment producing an improved functional status of the patient. New physiotherapeutic applications are then possible by aligning foot loading with the functional axis of the knee joint during the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252361,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252361/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Novel_Computational_Approaches_Character20160714-5488-1gjcdpc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252361/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Novel_computational_approaches_character.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252361/Novel_Computational_Approaches_Character20160714-5488-1gjcdpc-libre.pdf?1468529690=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNovel_computational_approaches_character.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=X1KBEKPu9smlQgNsORcwaD0KtRqqJVaFvvUPvVnAiKWHbk92RrkjGKTMiUeGmByslYrvWLahcltC-Gd438aeYut3dxARInSPM47uf-QLMlX-P7CTL0lYfBUUW5-A9SI2FGsxUC8fo1UGMOFzlKsrg-48U1Fwa-JGu89RE38toNB4tYxL7Rfxwg9UZnev3p8aFlEs-puFRJnvIbuRhPS4aR8XxVzGjfqBgP5K8i4GB46xtaOwi1bd-tNnQhR1KuuN7Yqfk4iQ39TfC6fM79LI98u6kbCJ~cN9uIxjL4v99gRx6SP3nccRhqo6PsOIDmHh6eWMuMt5m-0BEEkJ-TiA1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992294-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992293"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992293/Applications_of_an_anisotropic_parameter_to_cortical_bone"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Applications of an anisotropic parameter to cortical bone" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252369/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992293/Applications_of_an_anisotropic_parameter_to_cortical_bone">Applications of an anisotropic parameter to cortical bone</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An equational description of the extent of the anisotropy in cortical bone is presented from both...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An equational description of the extent of the anisotropy in cortical bone is presented from both the perspective of plane stress (two-dimensional stress state) and plane strain (three-dimensional stress state). The orthotropic elastic properties that are incorporated in these states are used to provide a more thorough and refined description of planar and volumetric anisotropy in comparison to the commonly used ratio of elastic moduli. The resulting anisotropic parametric equations (eta(sigma) and eta(epsilon)) are applied to the elastic material properties measured from cortical bone within rats, dogs, cows and humans as reported in 12 previous studies. The resulting calculated parameters reduce the typically nine independent properties down to three parameters which in turn represent the degree of anisotropy within the three orthogonal planes of symmetry as are common in cortical bone. It was found that no statistical difference existed between the plane stress versus plane strai...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d1f5e4bd93a619de390cc7ed33e9c92e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252369,"asset_id":26992293,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252369/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992293"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992293"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992293; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992293]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992293']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d1f5e4bd93a619de390cc7ed33e9c92e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992293]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992293,"title":"Applications of an anisotropic parameter to cortical bone","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An equational description of the extent of the anisotropy in cortical bone is presented from both the perspective of plane stress (two-dimensional stress state) and plane strain (three-dimensional stress state). The orthotropic elastic properties that are incorporated in these states are used to provide a more thorough and refined description of planar and volumetric anisotropy in comparison to the commonly used ratio of elastic moduli. The resulting anisotropic parametric equations (eta(sigma) and eta(epsilon)) are applied to the elastic material properties measured from cortical bone within rats, dogs, cows and humans as reported in 12 previous studies. The resulting calculated parameters reduce the typically nine independent properties down to three parameters which in turn represent the degree of anisotropy within the three orthogonal planes of symmetry as are common in cortical bone. It was found that no statistical difference existed between the plane stress versus plane strai...","ai_title_tag":"Anisotropic Parameter Applications in Cortical Bone Analysis","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine"},"translated_abstract":"An equational description of the extent of the anisotropy in cortical bone is presented from both the perspective of plane stress (two-dimensional stress state) and plane strain (three-dimensional stress state). The orthotropic elastic properties that are incorporated in these states are used to provide a more thorough and refined description of planar and volumetric anisotropy in comparison to the commonly used ratio of elastic moduli. The resulting anisotropic parametric equations (eta(sigma) and eta(epsilon)) are applied to the elastic material properties measured from cortical bone within rats, dogs, cows and humans as reported in 12 previous studies. The resulting calculated parameters reduce the typically nine independent properties down to three parameters which in turn represent the degree of anisotropy within the three orthogonal planes of symmetry as are common in cortical bone. 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The orthotropic elastic properties that are incorporated in these states are used to provide a more thorough and refined description of planar and volumetric anisotropy in comparison to the commonly used ratio of elastic moduli. The resulting anisotropic parametric equations (eta(sigma) and eta(epsilon)) are applied to the elastic material properties measured from cortical bone within rats, dogs, cows and humans as reported in 12 previous studies. The resulting calculated parameters reduce the typically nine independent properties down to three parameters which in turn represent the degree of anisotropy within the three orthogonal planes of symmetry as are common in cortical bone. It was found that no statistical difference existed between the plane stress versus plane strai...","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252369,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252369/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Applications_of_an_anisotropic_parameter20160714-6366-1329g61.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252369/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Applications_of_an_anisotropic_parameter.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252369/Applications_of_an_anisotropic_parameter20160714-6366-1329g61-libre.pdf?1468529687=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DApplications_of_an_anisotropic_parameter.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=fnCjaHWKSs6AyQuhkCqi0-9bju~vwGAzau9T~NfzwMIjHpWQWv9H~dwDMqM5qUShsO685OAKRUr1xWxWXStS9LSkjbWTuobxGGz~9eLt4-L7AHt9JMGSKLhBDZMKeg2a8X3JsMdh6EPsTDEQT3B2yT~DGn4d~7yJfXE1g8A-KZnj~L8JaH-qXtCgUZOH3lc0EGaopiItOmFbmUHwQ-QVmYxWsjFaTNmQ~X~kKaxK3b6OY2owiHqKKMcCSzmfM-J2onsOw9H2oICnyAoIjIJ3kXMDkr3Fb2yZHnhniRxshsL6p~g~IB2u61~PF-Ck2q5ZdDqcwAH45eKRZKkz12OxDw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering"},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional"},{"id":891256,"name":"Elastic Moduli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elastic_Moduli"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992293-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992292"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992292/Application_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the_causal_association_between_post_traumatic_headache_and_assault"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Application of the Hill criteria to the causal association between post-traumatic headache and assault" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252373/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992292/Application_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the_causal_association_between_post_traumatic_headache_and_assault">Application of the Hill criteria to the causal association between post-traumatic headache and assault</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and disabling symptom secondary to the traumatic event....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and disabling symptom secondary to the traumatic event. It is known that assault is associated with a wide range of physical symptoms including PTH. In this work, the general causation approach provided by the Hill criteria is described as an assessment tool for specific causation with regards to PTH and sexual assault. Time-dependent models of probability and, in-turn, relative risk are described as quantitative algorithms for addressing inductive and abductive conclusions of causation in forensic science.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2a96174f71311af022c714116ab1088" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252373,"asset_id":26992292,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252373/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992292"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992292"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992292; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992292]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992292]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992292; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992292']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2a96174f71311af022c714116ab1088" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992292]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992292,"title":"Application of the Hill criteria to the causal association between post-traumatic headache and assault","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and disabling symptom secondary to the traumatic event. It is known that assault is associated with a wide range of physical symptoms including PTH. In this work, the general causation approach provided by the Hill criteria is described as an assessment tool for specific causation with regards to PTH and sexual assault. Time-dependent models of probability and, in-turn, relative risk are described as quantitative algorithms for addressing inductive and abductive conclusions of causation in forensic science.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252373},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992292/Application_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the_causal_association_between_post_traumatic_headache_and_assault","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:47.290-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252373,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252373/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Application_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the_20160714-6371-ydicwn.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252373/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Application_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252373/Application_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the_20160714-6371-ydicwn-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DApplication_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=JiJX2hcGcWtkwt6i5zaLiwUgqzUuO3pXBvDMg52hNH6Tb9QbSEVcpjwl4b5MrMRDGLvW7iMT2JOrTXDgPQG7gZYB85hgOo4D0eu8l-4JSZzXztgbhS9cIw0oIuMIuZFRdwxYoH6mbpUwtfydsDAXdS~CcPZCvqLnDnbjGPQw9uHYcjwtOzWf-XzUYnFk84uXQdU~Wfzc2ePkPqPav-gYm5PI5vH~fVwQC7GAg1yvmM6hRqT5tKnUmLE03tj4IvjjUu~Gc0GqMqhocV~Mhe77gwfN-Y~C7jguHqvgz5hOQXkv4U3JZnJpbFyJeRrAf5iIUQ8UtJsr6PR6YpZ944K4iA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Application_of_the_Hill_criteria_to_the_causal_association_between_post_traumatic_headache_and_assault","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and disabling symptom secondary to the traumatic event. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992292-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992291"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992291/Tracking_Knee_Joint_Functional_Axes_through_Tikhonov_Filtering_and_Plucker_Coordinates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tracking Knee Joint Functional Axes through Tikhonov Filtering and Plucker Coordinates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252372/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992291/Tracking_Knee_Joint_Functional_Axes_through_Tikhonov_Filtering_and_Plucker_Coordinates">Tracking Knee Joint Functional Axes through Tikhonov Filtering and Plucker Coordinates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d84878b5789578319d0b1249ac312aba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252372,"asset_id":26992291,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252372/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992291"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992291; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992291-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992290"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992290/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Systematic Approach to Clinical Determinations of Causation in Symptomatic Spinal Disk Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crash Trauma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252363/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992290/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma">A Systematic Approach to Clinical Determinations of Causation in Symptomatic Spinal Disk Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crash Trauma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PM and R</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor vehicle crash (MVC) are often disputed in medicolegal settings. No published systematic guidelines exist for making such determinations, which has resulted in infringement by nonclinical personnel into injury causation evaluations, a traditionally clinical activity. The result is causal determinations that are potentially disconnected from clinical observations of injury. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current literature on causation, causal determinations after trauma and IVD injury after MVC, and to develop a practicable, logical, and literature-based approach to causation determinations of symptomatic IVD injury after MVC. The results of the review indicate IVD injury can result from any MVC regardless of magnitude, thus meeting the first criteria of causation, biologic plausibility. Individual determinations of causation depend entirely on the temporal association between the collision and the symptom onset (the second criterion) and a lack of a more probable explanation for the symptoms (the third). When these causal elements are met, clinicians can assert causation on a "more probable than not" or "reasonable probability" basis. Because of a lack of an established or reliable relationship between collision force and the probability of IVD injury the investigation of collision parameters is not a useful adjunct to causal determinations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b2f62b99572fdc98d0253be6e8612ebc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252363,"asset_id":26992290,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252363/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992290"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992290"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992290; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992290]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992290]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992290; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992290']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b2f62b99572fdc98d0253be6e8612ebc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992290]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992290,"title":"A Systematic Approach to Clinical Determinations of Causation in Symptomatic Spinal Disk Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crash Trauma","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Causation in Spinal Disk Injury from MVCs","grobid_abstract":"Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor vehicle crash (MVC) are often disputed in medicolegal settings. No published systematic guidelines exist for making such determinations, which has resulted in infringement by nonclinical personnel into injury causation evaluations, a traditionally clinical activity. The result is causal determinations that are potentially disconnected from clinical observations of injury. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current literature on causation, causal determinations after trauma and IVD injury after MVC, and to develop a practicable, logical, and literature-based approach to causation determinations of symptomatic IVD injury after MVC. The results of the review indicate IVD injury can result from any MVC regardless of magnitude, thus meeting the first criteria of causation, biologic plausibility. Individual determinations of causation depend entirely on the temporal association between the collision and the symptom onset (the second criterion) and a lack of a more probable explanation for the symptoms (the third). When these causal elements are met, clinicians can assert causation on a \"more probable than not\" or \"reasonable probability\" basis. Because of a lack of an established or reliable relationship between collision force and the probability of IVD injury the investigation of collision parameters is not a useful adjunct to causal determinations.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PM and R","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252363},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992290/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:46.872-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252363,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252363/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ20160714-5482-199kqx3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252363/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252363/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ20160714-5482-199kqx3-libre.pdf?1468529687=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=PzqKSe9QAtOY~2JPv9LfyrXQeA0XQpYBRu2KsEeoSae5cjbhPbwnBR8cwx4Td0A0VM67UJoFHqmZqbI-qLMZ~NwRQD6PXOinbZ8OAy~bs-cRFCBDtEfNrkykp~ofoK3kELrxpQiCi~UCZCqapiyFcsKLJyzdYmrCYVRm65cIgZRHyjBdFKzxOCZQavbQEK3i-M8MosiiydyOE9vAiaplduYvQXQZ0drspsP7uHm7qxF7r8PK2ueQeZgbVhYCBxD2gPPdl~2tKYpNtIE79eW70sYztGA-i7rIGwK9L1xbDbXrrM-7VAedG2huf9rDTcb0HGH4pt9bSt-Cxgwh02eurw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor vehicle crash (MVC) are often disputed in medicolegal settings. No published systematic guidelines exist for making such determinations, which has resulted in infringement by nonclinical personnel into injury causation evaluations, a traditionally clinical activity. The result is causal determinations that are potentially disconnected from clinical observations of injury. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current literature on causation, causal determinations after trauma and IVD injury after MVC, and to develop a practicable, logical, and literature-based approach to causation determinations of symptomatic IVD injury after MVC. The results of the review indicate IVD injury can result from any MVC regardless of magnitude, thus meeting the first criteria of causation, biologic plausibility. Individual determinations of causation depend entirely on the temporal association between the collision and the symptom onset (the second criterion) and a lack of a more probable explanation for the symptoms (the third). When these causal elements are met, clinicians can assert causation on a \"more probable than not\" or \"reasonable probability\" basis. Because of a lack of an established or reliable relationship between collision force and the probability of IVD injury the investigation of collision parameters is not a useful adjunct to causal determinations.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252363,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252363/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ20160714-5482-199kqx3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252363/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252363/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ20160714-5482-199kqx3-libre.pdf?1468529687=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=PzqKSe9QAtOY~2JPv9LfyrXQeA0XQpYBRu2KsEeoSae5cjbhPbwnBR8cwx4Td0A0VM67UJoFHqmZqbI-qLMZ~NwRQD6PXOinbZ8OAy~bs-cRFCBDtEfNrkykp~ofoK3kELrxpQiCi~UCZCqapiyFcsKLJyzdYmrCYVRm65cIgZRHyjBdFKzxOCZQavbQEK3i-M8MosiiydyOE9vAiaplduYvQXQZ0drspsP7uHm7qxF7r8PK2ueQeZgbVhYCBxD2gPPdl~2tKYpNtIE79eW70sYztGA-i7rIGwK9L1xbDbXrrM-7VAedG2huf9rDTcb0HGH4pt9bSt-Cxgwh02eurw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms"},{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality"},{"id":133360,"name":"Intervertebral disc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intervertebral_disc"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":1011135,"name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injuries"},{"id":1636293,"name":"Motor vehicles act","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_vehicles_act"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992290-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992289"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992289/An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as_an_adjunct_to_systematic_specific_causation_in_forensic_medicine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An evaluation of applied biomechanics as an adjunct to systematic specific causation in forensic medicine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252362/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992289/An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as_an_adjunct_to_systematic_specific_causation_in_forensic_medicine">An evaluation of applied biomechanics as an adjunct to systematic specific causation in forensic medicine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Biomechanical tests of post hoc probability have been proposed by prior authors as reliable tests...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Biomechanical tests of post hoc probability have been proposed by prior authors as reliable tests of causation in forensic settings. Biomechanical assessment of injury kinetics and kinematics is a potentially important tool in forensic medicine, but there is also the potential for misapplication. The most reliable application is when biomechanical analysis is used to explain injury mechanisms, such as how an injury may have occurred. When a biomechanical analysis is used as a means of determining whether, rather than how an injury has resulted from a traumatic exposure, then a lack of reliability of the methodology limits its application in forensic medicine. Herein, we describe a systematic assessment of causation by adapting established general causation principles to specific causation scenarios, and how biomechanical analysis of injury mechanics is properly used to augment such an approach in conjunction with the principles of forensic epidemiology. An example calculation of relative risk associated with cervical spine injury is provided as a representative probabilistic metric for assessing causation. The statistical benefits and limitations of biomechanical analysis are discussed as an adjunct to forensic medicine.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="76ed1d0b78fea73788b0c9b285139f36" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252362,"asset_id":26992289,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252362/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992289"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992289; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992289]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992289; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992289']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "76ed1d0b78fea73788b0c9b285139f36" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992289]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992289,"title":"An evaluation of applied biomechanics as an adjunct to systematic specific causation in forensic medicine","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Evaluating Biomechanics in Forensic Causation Assessment","grobid_abstract":"Biomechanical tests of post hoc probability have been proposed by prior authors as reliable tests of causation in forensic settings. Biomechanical assessment of injury kinetics and kinematics is a potentially important tool in forensic medicine, but there is also the potential for misapplication. The most reliable application is when biomechanical analysis is used to explain injury mechanisms, such as how an injury may have occurred. When a biomechanical analysis is used as a means of determining whether, rather than how an injury has resulted from a traumatic exposure, then a lack of reliability of the methodology limits its application in forensic medicine. Herein, we describe a systematic assessment of causation by adapting established general causation principles to specific causation scenarios, and how biomechanical analysis of injury mechanics is properly used to augment such an approach in conjunction with the principles of forensic epidemiology. An example calculation of relative risk associated with cervical spine injury is provided as a representative probabilistic metric for assessing causation. The statistical benefits and limitations of biomechanical analysis are discussed as an adjunct to forensic medicine.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252362},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992289/An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as_an_adjunct_to_systematic_specific_causation_in_forensic_medicine","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:46.686-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252362,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252362/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as20160714-6252-cmp9ki.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252362/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252362/An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as20160714-6252-cmp9ki-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=BBb732-s6pkPFUu7tdUH8VJmMYA3wOUnLaw~aYf5moM34B4PiQbneVxMXpD-TRdinudnykky2e~PDU7e9A6FtGypw2PZKY6B57dCkiCqNQrScyr0yDxcPXg8gog4WjDFj~V7aE3nQyMp5Omqj6~WnlYe9Ziw7GIWSA~A2yUkHK8q0WkTNp5SvBIpzOoGE1q76OOwMLKzUH4EUNuAYpD57c1vyu8pUArgdXjTe99U93Ik3~pPhoRP-pTpyWpDJkyN5q~VMqk-EhnlstO1Vuzp~CNJUED7S2sILTkkMrRPcbVPMfjhj94ldac5fwg~W0VBJRTTtcHtuEzI3mnKoZHXYA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as_an_adjunct_to_systematic_specific_causation_in_forensic_medicine","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Biomechanical tests of post hoc probability have been proposed by prior authors as reliable tests of causation in forensic settings. Biomechanical assessment of injury kinetics and kinematics is a potentially important tool in forensic medicine, but there is also the potential for misapplication. The most reliable application is when biomechanical analysis is used to explain injury mechanisms, such as how an injury may have occurred. When a biomechanical analysis is used as a means of determining whether, rather than how an injury has resulted from a traumatic exposure, then a lack of reliability of the methodology limits its application in forensic medicine. Herein, we describe a systematic assessment of causation by adapting established general causation principles to specific causation scenarios, and how biomechanical analysis of injury mechanics is properly used to augment such an approach in conjunction with the principles of forensic epidemiology. An example calculation of relative risk associated with cervical spine injury is provided as a representative probabilistic metric for assessing causation. The statistical benefits and limitations of biomechanical analysis are discussed as an adjunct to forensic medicine.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252362,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252362/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as20160714-6252-cmp9ki.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252362/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252362/An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as20160714-6252-cmp9ki-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=BBb732-s6pkPFUu7tdUH8VJmMYA3wOUnLaw~aYf5moM34B4PiQbneVxMXpD-TRdinudnykky2e~PDU7e9A6FtGypw2PZKY6B57dCkiCqNQrScyr0yDxcPXg8gog4WjDFj~V7aE3nQyMp5Omqj6~WnlYe9Ziw7GIWSA~A2yUkHK8q0WkTNp5SvBIpzOoGE1q76OOwMLKzUH4EUNuAYpD57c1vyu8pUArgdXjTe99U93Ik3~pPhoRP-pTpyWpDJkyN5q~VMqk-EhnlstO1Vuzp~CNJUED7S2sILTkkMrRPcbVPMfjhj94ldac5fwg~W0VBJRTTtcHtuEzI3mnKoZHXYA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3262,"name":"Expert testimony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert_testimony"},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk"},{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality"},{"id":87141,"name":"Septic Shock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Septic_Shock"},{"id":186079,"name":"Cervical Vertebrae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Vertebrae"},{"id":909412,"name":"Guillain-Barre Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guillain-Barre_Syndrome"},{"id":1031658,"name":"Wounds and Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wounds_and_Injuries"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992289-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992288"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992288/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestoscontaining_brake_dust"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestoscontaining brake dust" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992288/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestoscontaining_brake_dust">Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestoscontaining brake dust</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0f01c9d1ceeb53275d25b83e63f851eb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252364,"asset_id":26992288,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252364/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992288"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992288"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992288; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992288]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992288]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992288; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992288']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0f01c9d1ceeb53275d25b83e63f851eb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992288]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992288,"title":"Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestoscontaining brake dust","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. 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Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252364,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252364/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6259-1dz21uh.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252364/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252364/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6259-1dz21uh-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAssessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626903\u0026Signature=VYI1N8klhntBVKa8OrUD6E3bAl7hh716bVe5OnCF0t7x3QJ9zk9uLkeSpMJnt2-ZxphqcSGaM8Dzc4Qc8dKi15TqbHyzNDJTwiw8XMthwFsOdiX3UHEbTt74-DW3tF5dEG8WJSsnuiWXuA39w5h490Sox068vnWy52ZR00fi0k-uXbok9qF1kzDViPn7p1eTXr0gHDZvu1HXMpVb73Fbwq85lOm6OHljRmvQGlPyB376LHfDTURGxdq0ZZjP8S0gzvNQ93bI1YeYW-livjk8Lj8Ril94jsxuA3XQRZAe1KTBEEh4R26Ezu4c~Th16XOPrCa33I4dmWRmVIqIhgmdgg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality"},{"id":45666,"name":"Automobiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobiles"},{"id":85280,"name":"Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industry"},{"id":153734,"name":"Mesothelioma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesothelioma"},{"id":202877,"name":"Chrysotile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chrysotile"},{"id":353593,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_AND_OCCUPATIONAL_HEALTH"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy"},{"id":396914,"name":"Occupational Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Exposure"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":735883,"name":"Dust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dust"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992288-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992287"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992287/Minimal_dependence_of_ultrasonic_propagation_velocity_on_frequency"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Minimal dependence of ultrasonic propagation velocity on frequency" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252366/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992287/Minimal_dependence_of_ultrasonic_propagation_velocity_on_frequency">Minimal dependence of ultrasonic propagation velocity on frequency</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology</span><span>, 1996</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2b20db71573dd922ea5b962113878c15" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252366,"asset_id":26992287,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252366/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992287"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992287; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992287-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992286"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992286/Time_Dependent_Surgical_Outcomes_Following_Cauda_Equina_Syndrome_Diagnosis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time-Dependent Surgical Outcomes Following Cauda Equina Syndrome Diagnosis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252365/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992286/Time_Dependent_Surgical_Outcomes_Following_Cauda_Equina_Syndrome_Diagnosis">Time-Dependent Surgical Outcomes Following Cauda Equina Syndrome Diagnosis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Spine</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Study Design. In this Journal Club review, we critically examine the methodology and results of a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Study Design. In this Journal Club review, we critically examine the methodology and results of a recently published meta-analysis describing the time dependency of surgical outcomes associated with cauda equina syndrome (CES) diagnosis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3296a7beb8acfad953151fe03b1609ad" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252365,"asset_id":26992286,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252365/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992286"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992286"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992286; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992286]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992286]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992286; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992286']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3296a7beb8acfad953151fe03b1609ad" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992286]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992286,"title":"Time-Dependent Surgical Outcomes Following Cauda Equina Syndrome Diagnosis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Surgical Outcomes in Cauda Equina Syndrome","grobid_abstract":"Study Design. 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In this Journal Club review, we critically examine the methodology and results of a recently published meta-analysis describing the time dependency of surgical outcomes associated with cauda equina syndrome (CES) diagnosis.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252365,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252365/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Time-dependent_surgical_outcomes_followi20160714-6253-10fcd4k.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252365/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Time_Dependent_Surgical_Outcomes_Followi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252365/Time-dependent_surgical_outcomes_followi20160714-6253-10fcd4k-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTime_Dependent_Surgical_Outcomes_Followi.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626903\u0026Signature=gFP1Z0frDixqYlCsyiPKCfbxDb5BSHNETgP6~jd46LKS6zrJBfGRqqB7SSTg78499pVtIqb5OjXY~oFvOI0OqllyBrM-2wJkMbPeCZeAZZXKu3ewAD4edDOyjI671dhxF42b1QRwW18pwFuRtf8xdgtK6uQYzz7uOu6Ray8YpQvhQ4a3FxBfCZTdIeCPnXDWSZV737s~vpFk0l5a02m20rUbklTdmbgbdgUx9XzZUQWctmnDKOSoNqtWnnwAfPb8fNy50Wpu8mh~iE1hZvI8f3OGl5qKFQC8eOYjWYn0FvMgl5mpCg1yTB~CkuoEbMlT9me0hGPVPjdBKbOwf3CKsw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering"},{"id":4933,"name":"Spine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spine"},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome"},{"id":218206,"name":"Meta Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta_Analysis"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992286-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992285"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992285/Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposition_of_the_full_field_deformation_gradient_tensor_within_a_fracture_callus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Optical acquisition and polar decomposition of the full-field deformation gradient tensor within a fracture callus" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252371/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992285/Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposition_of_the_full_field_deformation_gradient_tensor_within_a_fracture_callus">Optical acquisition and polar decomposition of the full-field deformation gradient tensor within a fracture callus</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Biomechanics</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tracking tissue deformation is often hampered by material inhomogeneity, so local measurements te...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tracking tissue deformation is often hampered by material inhomogeneity, so local measurements tend to be insufficient thus lending to the necessity of full-field optical measurements. This study presents a novel approach to factoring heterogeneous deformation of soft and hard tissues in a fracture callus by introducing an anisotropic metric derived from the deformation gradient tensor (F). The deformation gradient tensor contains all the information available in a Green-Lagrange strain tensor, plus the rigid-body rotational components. A recent study [Bottlang et al., J. Biomech. 41 , 2008] produced full-field strains within ovine fracture calluses acquired through the application of electronic speckle pattern interferometery (ESPI). The technique is based on infinitesimal strain approximation (Engineering Strain) whose scheme is not independent of rigid body rotation. In this work, for rotation extraction, the stretch and rotation tensors were separately determined from F by the polar decomposition theorem. Interfragmentary motions in a fracture gap were characterized by the two distinct mechanical factors (stretch and rotation) at each material point through full-field mapping. In the composite nature of bone and soft tissue, collagen arrangements are hypothesized such that fibers locally aligned with principal directions will stretch and fibers not aligned with the principal direction will rotate and stretch. This approach has revealed the deformation gradient tensor as an appropriate quantification of strain within callus bony and fibrous tissue via optical measurements.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d4cb439a9b48391841e120ac30be0eca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252371,"asset_id":26992285,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252371/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992285"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992285; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992285]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992285; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992285']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d4cb439a9b48391841e120ac30be0eca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992285]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992285,"title":"Optical acquisition and polar decomposition of the full-field deformation gradient tensor within a fracture callus","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Full-Field Deformation in Fracture Calluses","grobid_abstract":"Tracking tissue deformation is often hampered by material inhomogeneity, so local measurements tend to be insufficient thus lending to the necessity of full-field optical measurements. 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Interfragmentary motions in a fracture gap were characterized by the two distinct mechanical factors (stretch and rotation) at each material point through full-field mapping. In the composite nature of bone and soft tissue, collagen arrangements are hypothesized such that fibers locally aligned with principal directions will stretch and fibers not aligned with the principal direction will rotate and stretch. 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This study presents a novel approach to factoring heterogeneous deformation of soft and hard tissues in a fracture callus by introducing an anisotropic metric derived from the deformation gradient tensor (F). The deformation gradient tensor contains all the information available in a Green-Lagrange strain tensor, plus the rigid-body rotational components. A recent study [Bottlang et al., J. Biomech. 41 , 2008] produced full-field strains within ovine fracture calluses acquired through the application of electronic speckle pattern interferometery (ESPI). The technique is based on infinitesimal strain approximation (Engineering Strain) whose scheme is not independent of rigid body rotation. In this work, for rotation extraction, the stretch and rotation tensors were separately determined from F by the polar decomposition theorem. Interfragmentary motions in a fracture gap were characterized by the two distinct mechanical factors (stretch and rotation) at each material point through full-field mapping. In the composite nature of bone and soft tissue, collagen arrangements are hypothesized such that fibers locally aligned with principal directions will stretch and fibers not aligned with the principal direction will rotate and stretch. This approach has revealed the deformation gradient tensor as an appropriate quantification of strain within callus bony and fibrous tissue via optical measurements.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252371,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252371/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit20160714-6325-7etnku.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252371/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252371/Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit20160714-6325-7etnku-libre.pdf?1468529689=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOptical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626903\u0026Signature=HsMbJrDurSLNr9FYcgIDfiwFk6V5VzTHsyTXV~8Q7x~~t8ZpqwuVetjCe2CvYQgYa7VangV-41dOlM7jXSI4DppBn3GRFT6aFP1VZ3U4nEJ~AbJD5GfSeZhOQx1ABbVBs3kJ3rKDBUpqRVYqGhe94T1CMuNX1Z4uEtb~IhEMdVOPnl0cUzT6IUXnciY8W60PKFarZVpnin8Muq2I3v7NvsocGWr1NFwkV7gzVcnc4qjZ-kyR-r342TB5VSluldkbcx6MNqpc3w8dRjHgQqPrFFxn8HyZChboJBfVcGVFeRFXOTw5zjaah9f0Iz-YBi3orc69k~LOOdcc9ZaDbH6QxQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering"},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms"},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering"},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics"},{"id":37333,"name":"Anisotropy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anisotropy"},{"id":58143,"name":"Interferometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferometry"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation"},{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep"},{"id":176678,"name":"Hardness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hardness"},{"id":310719,"name":"Local Alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Alignment"},{"id":472821,"name":"Rigid Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rigid_Body"},{"id":586110,"name":"Elastic Modulus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elastic_Modulus"},{"id":631028,"name":"Soft Tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue"},{"id":2299482,"name":"Polar Decomposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polar_Decomposition"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992285-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992284"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992284/A_reciprocal_connection_factor_for_assessing_knee_joint_function"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A reciprocal connection factor for assessing knee-joint function" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252370/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992284/A_reciprocal_connection_factor_for_assessing_knee_joint_function">A reciprocal connection factor for assessing knee-joint function</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3135ca55a237e1b35e979ac0ed1074fb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252370,"asset_id":26992284,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252370/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992284"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992284"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992284; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992284-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992283"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992283/Mathematical_Models_Characterizing_the_Probability_of_Trigger_Event_Ambient_Risk_and_Coincidental_Influences_on_Inductive_and_Abductive_Conclusions_of_Specific_Causation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mathematical Models Characterizing the Probability of Trigger Event, Ambient-Risk, and Coincidental Influences on Inductive and Abductive Conclusions of Specific Causation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Mathematical Models Characterizing the Probability of Trigger Event, Ambient-Risk, and Coincidental Influences on Inductive and Abductive Conclusions of Specific Causation</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annals of Epidemiology</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992283"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992283"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992283; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992283-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5506260" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27108260"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/27108260/The_relationship_between_vehicle_roof_crush_and_head_neck_and_spine_injury_in_rollover_crashes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KonradDobbertin">Konrad Dobbertin</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles">Sean Kohles</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Accident Analysis & Prevention</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury and death than other types of crashes. Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. Though they do not constitute definitive proof, they do contradict previously published theories suggesting that roof deformation is unrelated to such injuries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27108260"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27108260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27108260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27108260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27108260]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27108260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27108260']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27108260]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27108260,"title":"The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury and death than other types of crashes. Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. Though they do not constitute definitive proof, they do contradict previously published theories suggesting that roof deformation is unrelated to such injuries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Accident Analysis \u0026 Prevention"},"translated_abstract":"It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury and death than other types of crashes. Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. Though they do not constitute definitive proof, they do contradict previously published theories suggesting that roof deformation is unrelated to such injuries.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27108260/The_relationship_between_vehicle_roof_crush_and_head_neck_and_spine_injury_in_rollover_crashes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-19T12:32:00.599-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":51152215,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":22555496,"work_id":27108260,"tagging_user_id":51152215,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":3739637,"email":"l***m@ohsu.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Michael Lasarev","title":"The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes"},{"id":22555501,"work_id":27108260,"tagging_user_id":51152215,"tagged_user_id":33462213,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"f***a@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"Michael Freeman","title":"The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes"},{"id":22555502,"work_id":27108260,"tagging_user_id":51152215,"tagged_user_id":50977501,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***s@pdx.edu","display_order":6291456,"name":"Sean Kohles","title":"The relationship between vehicle roof crush and head, neck and spine injury in rollover crashes"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_relationship_between_vehicle_roof_crush_and_head_neck_and_spine_injury_in_rollover_crashes","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"It is well established that rollover crashes are associated with a higher risk of serious injury and death than other types of crashes. Some of the most serious injuries that can result from a rollover crash are those to the head, neck and spine. The mechanism of injury to these body parts in a rollover is a matter of dispute in the literature. Some authors have concluded that the magnitude of vehicle roof deformation or vertical roof crush resulting from a rollover crash is not causally associated with head and neck injury severity, while others offer support for a causal association between roof crush and the degree of injury. A better understanding of the cause of serious injuries resulting from rollover crashes is important for improving injury prevention. This study utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System--Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 1997 through 2007. Both cross-sectional and matched case-control designs along with a new composite injury metric termed the Head, Neck and Spine New Injury Severity Score (HNS-NISS) were used to analyze these data. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a 64% (95% CI: 26-114%) increase in the odds of a life-threatening injury as estimated by the HNS-NISS with every 10 cm of increased roof crush. The results of the matched case-control analysis demonstrated a 44% (95% CI: 8-91%) increase in the odds of sustaining any injury to the head, neck or spine with every 10 cm increase in roof crush. These results lend statistical support to a causal association between roof crush and head, neck and spine injury severity. Though they do not constitute definitive proof, they do contradict previously published theories suggesting that roof deformation is unrelated to such injuries.","owner":{"id":51152215,"first_name":"Konrad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dobbertin","page_name":"KonradDobbertin","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-19T08:18:32.835-07:00","display_name":"Konrad Dobbertin","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KonradDobbertin"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors"},{"id":399641,"name":"Accident analysis and prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis_and_prevention"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":437772,"name":"Odds ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odds_ratio"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1"},{"id":1011135,"name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injuries"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies"},{"id":1436786,"name":"Seat Belts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seat_Belts"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies"},{"id":2471456,"name":"Injury Severity Score","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Injury_Severity_Score"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-27108260-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26994182"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26994182/Interstitial_fluid_flow_in_tendons_or_ligaments_A_porous_medium_finite_element_simulation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interstitial fluid flow in tendons or ligaments: A porous medium finite element simulation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47254326/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26994182/Interstitial_fluid_flow_in_tendons_or_ligaments_A_porous_medium_finite_element_simulation">Interstitial fluid flow in tendons or ligaments: A porous medium finite element simulation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles">Sean Kohles</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RayVanderby">Ray Vanderby</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing</span><span>, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1f48f4185bd588ff23edda44e6524fb2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47254326,"asset_id":26994182,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47254326/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26994182"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26994182"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26994182; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26994182-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992300"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992300/The_Influence_of_Vitamin_D_on_Osteogenic_Precursor_Cell_Biokinetics_for_Bone_Tissue_Engineering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Precursor Cell Biokinetics for Bone Tissue Engineering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The Influence of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Precursor Cell Biokinetics for Bone Tissue Engineering</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT A novel way of promoting cartilage and bone regeneration as a tissue development model i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT A novel way of promoting cartilage and bone regeneration as a tissue development model is through the incorporation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or precursor cell lines in three-dimensional culture, utilizing biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors. In this platform, the tissue development model is intended to mimic equivalents of childhood and adolescent tissues. MSCs are multipotent cells present in small concentration in adult bone marrow and adipose (fat) tissue that possess the qualities of an undifferentiated cell and have the potential to differentiate into several cell lineages, while precursor cells are partially differentiated and capable of differentiating into related cell lineages such as bone (osteoblasts) and cartilage (chondrocytes) cells. A conditionally immortalized osteoprecursor cell line derived from human fetal bone tissue (osteoblastic precursor cell line 1 or OPC-1) was previously designed to provide a consistent reproducible culture modality for direct comparisons between engineered bone graft designs. In addition, OPC-1 has the capacity to generate programmed differentiation, including osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages, based on local microenvironmental influences. It has been demonstrated that MSCs, osteogenic progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes have the ability to metabolize both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1伪,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), which in turn affects their gene regulation. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates a large number of genes, including transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. The objective of our work is to explore tissue development and regeneration by culturing both undifferentiated and differentiated cells in a bioengineered environment while assaying the concomitant biological response. Results indicate that OPC-1 can indeed metabolize 25D and 1,25D. This interaction also demonstrated a direct influence in OPC-1 proliferation and differentiation. Understanding the influence of vitamin D on bone and cartilage development will have significant implications on healthy aging, including the susceptibility to osteoarthritis and dental/orthopedic implant failure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992300"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992300]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992300']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992300]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992300,"title":"The Influence of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Precursor Cell Biokinetics for Bone Tissue Engineering","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT A novel way of promoting cartilage and bone regeneration as a tissue development model is through the incorporation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or precursor cell lines in three-dimensional culture, utilizing biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors. 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It has been demonstrated that MSCs, osteogenic progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes have the ability to metabolize both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1伪,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), which in turn affects their gene regulation. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates a large number of genes, including transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. The objective of our work is to explore tissue development and regeneration by culturing both undifferentiated and differentiated cells in a bioengineered environment while assaying the concomitant biological response. Results indicate that OPC-1 can indeed metabolize 25D and 1,25D. This interaction also demonstrated a direct influence in OPC-1 proliferation and differentiation. 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It has been demonstrated that MSCs, osteogenic progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes have the ability to metabolize both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1伪,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), which in turn affects their gene regulation. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates a large number of genes, including transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. The objective of our work is to explore tissue development and regeneration by culturing both undifferentiated and differentiated cells in a bioengineered environment while assaying the concomitant biological response. Results indicate that OPC-1 can indeed metabolize 25D and 1,25D. This interaction also demonstrated a direct influence in OPC-1 proliferation and differentiation. Understanding the influence of vitamin D on bone and cartilage development will have significant implications on healthy aging, including the susceptibility to osteoarthritis and dental/orthopedic implant failure.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992300-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992299"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992299/Response_Surface_Analysis_of_Flexural_and_Membrane_Stresses_to_Characterize_Flexible_Biologic_Materials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Response Surface Analysis of Flexural and Membrane Stresses to Characterize Flexible Biologic Materials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Response Surface Analysis of Flexural and Membrane Stresses to Characterize Flexible Biologic Materials</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992299"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992299; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992299-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992298"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992298/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestos_containing_brake_dust"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252368/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992298/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestos_containing_brake_dust">Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health</span><span>, Nov 12, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="178b5cf66f5c131bae2ee16444da372b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252368,"asset_id":26992298,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252368/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992298"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992298"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992298; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992298]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992298]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992298; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992298']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "178b5cf66f5c131bae2ee16444da372b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992298]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992298,"title":"Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Causation of Mesothelioma from Brake Dust","grobid_abstract":"Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.","publication_date":{"day":12,"month":11,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252368},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992298/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestos_containing_brake_dust","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:48.491-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252368,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252368/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6239-gx1nt8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252368/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252368/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6239-gx1nt8-libre.pdf?1468529687=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAssessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=FCnBErt81dnmIJw5NbtP2K0dICzBgQh1B1zkOVqZZ7cegE2W9oXCn8e3tGqiprIcYNqXDBhm25nMZrniwLnJViorUaS-6MFHeeSNEqEc-yXGeZsKxkSMMgyXN1rRgdMZGj6QOeC-dez9yAzoR~T4FMiUMjb3eJDiMdo3-Pu8B4IQaqDnaygMFGkIIM0dUNkROfsU9zACYxCw7WDEbo29yJlYJggd2S29W94AsFjJNYWDLZmU3vFCcArIxGoHO0a1H9H8CETzIY0CcFWaLCntJAh9olbRX3r7L3fEsasWe~wK~9FaZn5TjlK9hV53CmQ55JhwMt1QNLT58TJNT7U3ew__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestos_containing_brake_dust","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. 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An opti...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this chapter, a unique experimental platform is described for singlecell biomechanics. An optical tweezer with minimal applied laser power has successfully suspended biologic cells at the geometric center of a microfluidic crossjunction. The resulting flow environment creates a unique multiaxial load application to isolated cells with site-specific normal and shear stresses resulting in a physically extended state. Computational fluid dynamics combined with multiphysics modeling has characterized the fluid environment and solid cellular strain response in three-dimensions to accompany experimental cell stimulation. These models will guide future microfluidic experiments as well as provide a framework for characterizing cytoskeletal structures influencing the stress on strain response.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6841cafb0b227e109143a4a606c9f2c6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252367,"asset_id":26992297,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252367/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992297"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992297"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992297; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992297]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992297; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992297']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6841cafb0b227e109143a4a606c9f2c6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992297]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992297,"title":"Chapter 8 Opto-Hydrodynamic Trapping for Multiaxial Single-Cell Biomechanics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"In this chapter, a unique experimental platform is described for singlecell biomechanics. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992296-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992295"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992295/Opto_Hydrodynamic_Trapping_for_Multiaxial_Single_Cell_Biomechanics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Opto-Hydrodynamic Trapping for Multiaxial Single-Cell Biomechanics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Opto-Hydrodynamic Trapping for Multiaxial Single-Cell Biomechanics</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Cell Mechanics</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992295"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992295"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992295; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992295-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992294"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992294/Novel_computational_approaches_characterizing_knee_physiotherapy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Novel computational approaches characterizing knee physiotherapy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252361/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992294/Novel_computational_approaches_characterizing_knee_physiotherapy">Novel computational approaches characterizing knee physiotherapy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Computational Design and Engineering</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial alignment. If just one of the components is abnormally off-axis, the biomechanical system fails, resulting in arthritis. The complexity of various failures in the knee joint has led orthopedic surgeons to select total knee replacement as a primary treatment. In many cases, this means sacrificing much of an otherwise normal joint. Here, we review novel computational approaches to describe knee physiotherapy by introducing a new dimension of foot loading to the knee axis alignment producing an improved functional status of the patient. New physiotherapeutic applications are then possible by aligning foot loading with the functional axis of the knee joint during the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e3ca2983a94a35318a4a52e7b25e8a90" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252361,"asset_id":26992294,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252361/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992294"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992294"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992294; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992294]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992294; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992294']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e3ca2983a94a35318a4a52e7b25e8a90" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992294]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992294,"title":"Novel computational approaches characterizing knee physiotherapy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Computational Approaches to Knee Physiotherapy and Foot Loading","grobid_abstract":"A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial alignment. 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Materials in medicine</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An equational description of the extent of the anisotropy in cortical bone is presented from both...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An equational description of the extent of the anisotropy in cortical bone is presented from both the perspective of plane stress (two-dimensional stress state) and plane strain (three-dimensional stress state). The orthotropic elastic properties that are incorporated in these states are used to provide a more thorough and refined description of planar and volumetric anisotropy in comparison to the commonly used ratio of elastic moduli. The resulting anisotropic parametric equations (eta(sigma) and eta(epsilon)) are applied to the elastic material properties measured from cortical bone within rats, dogs, cows and humans as reported in 12 previous studies. The resulting calculated parameters reduce the typically nine independent properties down to three parameters which in turn represent the degree of anisotropy within the three orthogonal planes of symmetry as are common in cortical bone. It was found that no statistical difference existed between the plane stress versus plane strai...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d1f5e4bd93a619de390cc7ed33e9c92e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252369,"asset_id":26992293,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252369/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992293"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992293"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992293; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992293]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992293']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d1f5e4bd93a619de390cc7ed33e9c92e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992293]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992293,"title":"Applications of an anisotropic parameter to cortical bone","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An equational description of the extent of the anisotropy in cortical bone is presented from both the perspective of plane stress (two-dimensional stress state) and plane strain (three-dimensional stress state). The orthotropic elastic properties that are incorporated in these states are used to provide a more thorough and refined description of planar and volumetric anisotropy in comparison to the commonly used ratio of elastic moduli. The resulting anisotropic parametric equations (eta(sigma) and eta(epsilon)) are applied to the elastic material properties measured from cortical bone within rats, dogs, cows and humans as reported in 12 previous studies. The resulting calculated parameters reduce the typically nine independent properties down to three parameters which in turn represent the degree of anisotropy within the three orthogonal planes of symmetry as are common in cortical bone. It was found that no statistical difference existed between the plane stress versus plane strai...","ai_title_tag":"Anisotropic Parameter Applications in Cortical Bone Analysis","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of materials science. 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It is known that assault is associated with a wide range of physical symptoms including PTH. In this work, the general causation approach provided by the Hill criteria is described as an assessment tool for specific causation with regards to PTH and sexual assault. Time-dependent models of probability and, in-turn, relative risk are described as quantitative algorithms for addressing inductive and abductive conclusions of causation in forensic science.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2a96174f71311af022c714116ab1088" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252373,"asset_id":26992292,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252373/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992292"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992292"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992292; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992292]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992292]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992292; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992292']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2a96174f71311af022c714116ab1088" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992292]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992292,"title":"Application of the Hill criteria to the causal association between post-traumatic headache and assault","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and disabling symptom secondary to the traumatic event. 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It presents a unique methodology utilizing Tikhonov filtering and Pl眉cker coordinates to enhance the compensation for STAs. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992291-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992290"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992290/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Systematic Approach to Clinical Determinations of Causation in Symptomatic Spinal Disk Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crash Trauma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252363/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992290/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma">A Systematic Approach to Clinical Determinations of Causation in Symptomatic Spinal Disk Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crash Trauma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PM and R</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor vehicle crash (MVC) are often disputed in medicolegal settings. No published systematic guidelines exist for making such determinations, which has resulted in infringement by nonclinical personnel into injury causation evaluations, a traditionally clinical activity. The result is causal determinations that are potentially disconnected from clinical observations of injury. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current literature on causation, causal determinations after trauma and IVD injury after MVC, and to develop a practicable, logical, and literature-based approach to causation determinations of symptomatic IVD injury after MVC. The results of the review indicate IVD injury can result from any MVC regardless of magnitude, thus meeting the first criteria of causation, biologic plausibility. Individual determinations of causation depend entirely on the temporal association between the collision and the symptom onset (the second criterion) and a lack of a more probable explanation for the symptoms (the third). When these causal elements are met, clinicians can assert causation on a "more probable than not" or "reasonable probability" basis. Because of a lack of an established or reliable relationship between collision force and the probability of IVD injury the investigation of collision parameters is not a useful adjunct to causal determinations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b2f62b99572fdc98d0253be6e8612ebc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252363,"asset_id":26992290,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252363/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992290"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992290"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992290; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992290]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992290]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992290; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992290']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b2f62b99572fdc98d0253be6e8612ebc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992290]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992290,"title":"A Systematic Approach to Clinical Determinations of Causation in Symptomatic Spinal Disk Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crash Trauma","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Causation in Spinal Disk Injury from MVCs","grobid_abstract":"Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor vehicle crash (MVC) are often disputed in medicolegal settings. No published systematic guidelines exist for making such determinations, which has resulted in infringement by nonclinical personnel into injury causation evaluations, a traditionally clinical activity. The result is causal determinations that are potentially disconnected from clinical observations of injury. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current literature on causation, causal determinations after trauma and IVD injury after MVC, and to develop a practicable, logical, and literature-based approach to causation determinations of symptomatic IVD injury after MVC. The results of the review indicate IVD injury can result from any MVC regardless of magnitude, thus meeting the first criteria of causation, biologic plausibility. Individual determinations of causation depend entirely on the temporal association between the collision and the symptom onset (the second criterion) and a lack of a more probable explanation for the symptoms (the third). When these causal elements are met, clinicians can assert causation on a \"more probable than not\" or \"reasonable probability\" basis. Because of a lack of an established or reliable relationship between collision force and the probability of IVD injury the investigation of collision parameters is not a useful adjunct to causal determinations.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PM and R","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252363},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992290/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:46.872-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252363,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252363/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ20160714-5482-199kqx3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252363/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252363/A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ20160714-5482-199kqx3-libre.pdf?1468529687=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determ.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=PzqKSe9QAtOY~2JPv9LfyrXQeA0XQpYBRu2KsEeoSae5cjbhPbwnBR8cwx4Td0A0VM67UJoFHqmZqbI-qLMZ~NwRQD6PXOinbZ8OAy~bs-cRFCBDtEfNrkykp~ofoK3kELrxpQiCi~UCZCqapiyFcsKLJyzdYmrCYVRm65cIgZRHyjBdFKzxOCZQavbQEK3i-M8MosiiydyOE9vAiaplduYvQXQZ0drspsP7uHm7qxF7r8PK2ueQeZgbVhYCBxD2gPPdl~2tKYpNtIE79eW70sYztGA-i7rIGwK9L1xbDbXrrM-7VAedG2huf9rDTcb0HGH4pt9bSt-Cxgwh02eurw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Systematic_Approach_to_Clinical_Determinations_of_Causation_in_Symptomatic_Spinal_Disk_Injury_Following_Motor_Vehicle_Crash_Trauma","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Clinical determinations of causation in cases of intervertebral disk (IVD) injury after a motor vehicle crash (MVC) are often disputed in medicolegal settings. No published systematic guidelines exist for making such determinations, which has resulted in infringement by nonclinical personnel into injury causation evaluations, a traditionally clinical activity. The result is causal determinations that are potentially disconnected from clinical observations of injury. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current literature on causation, causal determinations after trauma and IVD injury after MVC, and to develop a practicable, logical, and literature-based approach to causation determinations of symptomatic IVD injury after MVC. The results of the review indicate IVD injury can result from any MVC regardless of magnitude, thus meeting the first criteria of causation, biologic plausibility. Individual determinations of causation depend entirely on the temporal association between the collision and the symptom onset (the second criterion) and a lack of a more probable explanation for the symptoms (the third). When these causal elements are met, clinicians can assert causation on a \"more probable than not\" or \"reasonable probability\" basis. 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Biomechanical assessment of injury kinetics and kinematics is a potentially important tool in forensic medicine, but there is also the potential for misapplication. The most reliable application is when biomechanical analysis is used to explain injury mechanisms, such as how an injury may have occurred. When a biomechanical analysis is used as a means of determining whether, rather than how an injury has resulted from a traumatic exposure, then a lack of reliability of the methodology limits its application in forensic medicine. Herein, we describe a systematic assessment of causation by adapting established general causation principles to specific causation scenarios, and how biomechanical analysis of injury mechanics is properly used to augment such an approach in conjunction with the principles of forensic epidemiology. An example calculation of relative risk associated with cervical spine injury is provided as a representative probabilistic metric for assessing causation. The statistical benefits and limitations of biomechanical analysis are discussed as an adjunct to forensic medicine.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="76ed1d0b78fea73788b0c9b285139f36" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252362,"asset_id":26992289,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252362/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992289"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992289; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992289]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992289; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992289']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "76ed1d0b78fea73788b0c9b285139f36" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992289]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992289,"title":"An evaluation of applied biomechanics as an adjunct to systematic specific causation in forensic medicine","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Evaluating Biomechanics in Forensic Causation Assessment","grobid_abstract":"Biomechanical tests of post hoc probability have been proposed by prior authors as reliable tests of causation in forensic settings. 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Biomechanical assessment of injury kinetics and kinematics is a potentially important tool in forensic medicine, but there is also the potential for misapplication. The most reliable application is when biomechanical analysis is used to explain injury mechanisms, such as how an injury may have occurred. When a biomechanical analysis is used as a means of determining whether, rather than how an injury has resulted from a traumatic exposure, then a lack of reliability of the methodology limits its application in forensic medicine. Herein, we describe a systematic assessment of causation by adapting established general causation principles to specific causation scenarios, and how biomechanical analysis of injury mechanics is properly used to augment such an approach in conjunction with the principles of forensic epidemiology. An example calculation of relative risk associated with cervical spine injury is provided as a representative probabilistic metric for assessing causation. The statistical benefits and limitations of biomechanical analysis are discussed as an adjunct to forensic medicine.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252362,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252362/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as20160714-6252-cmp9ki.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252362/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252362/An_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as20160714-6252-cmp9ki-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_evaluation_of_applied_biomechanics_as.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626902\u0026Signature=BBb732-s6pkPFUu7tdUH8VJmMYA3wOUnLaw~aYf5moM34B4PiQbneVxMXpD-TRdinudnykky2e~PDU7e9A6FtGypw2PZKY6B57dCkiCqNQrScyr0yDxcPXg8gog4WjDFj~V7aE3nQyMp5Omqj6~WnlYe9Ziw7GIWSA~A2yUkHK8q0WkTNp5SvBIpzOoGE1q76OOwMLKzUH4EUNuAYpD57c1vyu8pUArgdXjTe99U93Ik3~pPhoRP-pTpyWpDJkyN5q~VMqk-EhnlstO1Vuzp~CNJUED7S2sILTkkMrRPcbVPMfjhj94ldac5fwg~W0VBJRTTtcHtuEzI3mnKoZHXYA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3262,"name":"Expert testimony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert_testimony"},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk"},{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality"},{"id":87141,"name":"Septic Shock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Septic_Shock"},{"id":186079,"name":"Cervical Vertebrae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Vertebrae"},{"id":909412,"name":"Guillain-Barre Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guillain-Barre_Syndrome"},{"id":1031658,"name":"Wounds and Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wounds_and_Injuries"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992289-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992288"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992288/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestoscontaining_brake_dust"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestoscontaining brake dust" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992288/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestoscontaining_brake_dust">Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestoscontaining brake dust</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0f01c9d1ceeb53275d25b83e63f851eb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252364,"asset_id":26992288,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252364/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992288"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992288"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992288; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992288]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992288]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992288; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992288']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0f01c9d1ceeb53275d25b83e63f851eb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992288]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992288,"title":"Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestoscontaining brake dust","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252364},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992288/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestoscontaining_brake_dust","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:46.501-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252364,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252364/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6259-1dz21uh.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252364/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252364/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6259-1dz21uh-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAssessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626903\u0026Signature=VYI1N8klhntBVKa8OrUD6E3bAl7hh716bVe5OnCF0t7x3QJ9zk9uLkeSpMJnt2-ZxphqcSGaM8Dzc4Qc8dKi15TqbHyzNDJTwiw8XMthwFsOdiX3UHEbTt74-DW3tF5dEG8WJSsnuiWXuA39w5h490Sox068vnWy52ZR00fi0k-uXbok9qF1kzDViPn7p1eTXr0gHDZvu1HXMpVb73Fbwq85lOm6OHljRmvQGlPyB376LHfDTURGxdq0ZZjP8S0gzvNQ93bI1YeYW-livjk8Lj8Ril94jsxuA3XQRZAe1KTBEEh4R26Ezu4c~Th16XOPrCa33I4dmWRmVIqIhgmdgg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothelioma_following_exposure_to_chrysotile_asbestoscontaining_brake_dust","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Background: The question of whether chrysotile asbestos-containing brake dust can plausibly serve as a cause of mesothelioma in an exposed individual has become a matter of heated debate in the medical literature despite multiple international, federal, and state governmental agencies acknowledging a causal association. Objectives: We describe and provide an analysis of various industry and academic perspectives contributing to the debate. Methods: A framework is presented for evaluating the general and specific causal relationship between brake dust exposure and mesothelioma utilizing the principles of forensic epidemiology, and by applying the Bradford-Hill criteria. Results and conclusions: We conclude that there is a ''net'' of evidence favoring a causal relationship between brake dust-associated chrysotile exposure and mesothelioma. The industry-sponsored position that there is insufficient evidence to support a contiguous ''chain'' of causation is specious from both a methodologic and evidentiary perspective. Finally, we suggest a semiquantitative approach for the evaluation of individual causation in putative cases of mesothelioma with a history of significant brake dust exposure.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252364,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252364/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6259-1dz21uh.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252364/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252364/Assessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel20160714-6259-1dz21uh-libre.pdf?1468529688=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAssessing_specific_causation_of_mesothel.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626903\u0026Signature=VYI1N8klhntBVKa8OrUD6E3bAl7hh716bVe5OnCF0t7x3QJ9zk9uLkeSpMJnt2-ZxphqcSGaM8Dzc4Qc8dKi15TqbHyzNDJTwiw8XMthwFsOdiX3UHEbTt74-DW3tF5dEG8WJSsnuiWXuA39w5h490Sox068vnWy52ZR00fi0k-uXbok9qF1kzDViPn7p1eTXr0gHDZvu1HXMpVb73Fbwq85lOm6OHljRmvQGlPyB376LHfDTURGxdq0ZZjP8S0gzvNQ93bI1YeYW-livjk8Lj8Ril94jsxuA3XQRZAe1KTBEEh4R26Ezu4c~Th16XOPrCa33I4dmWRmVIqIhgmdgg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality"},{"id":45666,"name":"Automobiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobiles"},{"id":85280,"name":"Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industry"},{"id":153734,"name":"Mesothelioma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesothelioma"},{"id":202877,"name":"Chrysotile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chrysotile"},{"id":353593,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_AND_OCCUPATIONAL_HEALTH"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy"},{"id":396914,"name":"Occupational Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Exposure"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":735883,"name":"Dust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dust"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992287-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992286"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992286/Time_Dependent_Surgical_Outcomes_Following_Cauda_Equina_Syndrome_Diagnosis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time-Dependent Surgical Outcomes Following Cauda Equina Syndrome Diagnosis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252365/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992286/Time_Dependent_Surgical_Outcomes_Following_Cauda_Equina_Syndrome_Diagnosis">Time-Dependent Surgical Outcomes Following Cauda Equina Syndrome Diagnosis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Spine</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Study Design. In this Journal Club review, we critically examine the methodology and results of a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Study Design. In this Journal Club review, we critically examine the methodology and results of a recently published meta-analysis describing the time dependency of surgical outcomes associated with cauda equina syndrome (CES) diagnosis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3296a7beb8acfad953151fe03b1609ad" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252365,"asset_id":26992286,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252365/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992286"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992286"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992286; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992286]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992286]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992286; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992286']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3296a7beb8acfad953151fe03b1609ad" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992286]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992286,"title":"Time-Dependent Surgical Outcomes Following Cauda Equina Syndrome Diagnosis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Surgical Outcomes in Cauda Equina Syndrome","grobid_abstract":"Study Design. 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This study presents a novel approach to factoring heterogeneous deformation of soft and hard tissues in a fracture callus by introducing an anisotropic metric derived from the deformation gradient tensor (F). The deformation gradient tensor contains all the information available in a Green-Lagrange strain tensor, plus the rigid-body rotational components. A recent study [Bottlang et al., J. Biomech. 41 , 2008] produced full-field strains within ovine fracture calluses acquired through the application of electronic speckle pattern interferometery (ESPI). The technique is based on infinitesimal strain approximation (Engineering Strain) whose scheme is not independent of rigid body rotation. In this work, for rotation extraction, the stretch and rotation tensors were separately determined from F by the polar decomposition theorem. Interfragmentary motions in a fracture gap were characterized by the two distinct mechanical factors (stretch and rotation) at each material point through full-field mapping. In the composite nature of bone and soft tissue, collagen arrangements are hypothesized such that fibers locally aligned with principal directions will stretch and fibers not aligned with the principal direction will rotate and stretch. This approach has revealed the deformation gradient tensor as an appropriate quantification of strain within callus bony and fibrous tissue via optical measurements.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d4cb439a9b48391841e120ac30be0eca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252371,"asset_id":26992285,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252371/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992285"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992285; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26992285]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992285; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26992285']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d4cb439a9b48391841e120ac30be0eca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26992285]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26992285,"title":"Optical acquisition and polar decomposition of the full-field deformation gradient tensor within a fracture callus","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Full-Field Deformation in Fracture Calluses","grobid_abstract":"Tracking tissue deformation is often hampered by material inhomogeneity, so local measurements tend to be insufficient thus lending to the necessity of full-field optical measurements. This study presents a novel approach to factoring heterogeneous deformation of soft and hard tissues in a fracture callus by introducing an anisotropic metric derived from the deformation gradient tensor (F). The deformation gradient tensor contains all the information available in a Green-Lagrange strain tensor, plus the rigid-body rotational components. A recent study [Bottlang et al., J. Biomech. 41 , 2008] produced full-field strains within ovine fracture calluses acquired through the application of electronic speckle pattern interferometery (ESPI). The technique is based on infinitesimal strain approximation (Engineering Strain) whose scheme is not independent of rigid body rotation. In this work, for rotation extraction, the stretch and rotation tensors were separately determined from F by the polar decomposition theorem. Interfragmentary motions in a fracture gap were characterized by the two distinct mechanical factors (stretch and rotation) at each material point through full-field mapping. In the composite nature of bone and soft tissue, collagen arrangements are hypothesized such that fibers locally aligned with principal directions will stretch and fibers not aligned with the principal direction will rotate and stretch. This approach has revealed the deformation gradient tensor as an appropriate quantification of strain within callus bony and fibrous tissue via optical measurements.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Biomechanics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":47252371},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26992285/Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposition_of_the_full_field_deformation_gradient_tensor_within_a_fracture_callus","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-14T13:49:45.925-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":50977501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47252371,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252371/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit20160714-6325-7etnku.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252371/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252371/Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit20160714-6325-7etnku-libre.pdf?1468529689=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOptical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626903\u0026Signature=HsMbJrDurSLNr9FYcgIDfiwFk6V5VzTHsyTXV~8Q7x~~t8ZpqwuVetjCe2CvYQgYa7VangV-41dOlM7jXSI4DppBn3GRFT6aFP1VZ3U4nEJ~AbJD5GfSeZhOQx1ABbVBs3kJ3rKDBUpqRVYqGhe94T1CMuNX1Z4uEtb~IhEMdVOPnl0cUzT6IUXnciY8W60PKFarZVpnin8Muq2I3v7NvsocGWr1NFwkV7gzVcnc4qjZ-kyR-r342TB5VSluldkbcx6MNqpc3w8dRjHgQqPrFFxn8HyZChboJBfVcGVFeRFXOTw5zjaah9f0Iz-YBi3orc69k~LOOdcc9ZaDbH6QxQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposition_of_the_full_field_deformation_gradient_tensor_within_a_fracture_callus","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Tracking tissue deformation is often hampered by material inhomogeneity, so local measurements tend to be insufficient thus lending to the necessity of full-field optical measurements. This study presents a novel approach to factoring heterogeneous deformation of soft and hard tissues in a fracture callus by introducing an anisotropic metric derived from the deformation gradient tensor (F). The deformation gradient tensor contains all the information available in a Green-Lagrange strain tensor, plus the rigid-body rotational components. A recent study [Bottlang et al., J. Biomech. 41 , 2008] produced full-field strains within ovine fracture calluses acquired through the application of electronic speckle pattern interferometery (ESPI). The technique is based on infinitesimal strain approximation (Engineering Strain) whose scheme is not independent of rigid body rotation. In this work, for rotation extraction, the stretch and rotation tensors were separately determined from F by the polar decomposition theorem. Interfragmentary motions in a fracture gap were characterized by the two distinct mechanical factors (stretch and rotation) at each material point through full-field mapping. In the composite nature of bone and soft tissue, collagen arrangements are hypothesized such that fibers locally aligned with principal directions will stretch and fibers not aligned with the principal direction will rotate and stretch. This approach has revealed the deformation gradient tensor as an appropriate quantification of strain within callus bony and fibrous tissue via optical measurements.","owner":{"id":50977501,"first_name":"Sean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kohles","page_name":"SeanKohles","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-07-13T10:17:50.474-07:00","display_name":"Sean Kohles","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeanKohles"},"attachments":[{"id":47252371,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252371/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit20160714-6325-7etnku.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252371/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47252371/Optical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit20160714-6325-7etnku-libre.pdf?1468529689=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOptical_acquisition_and_polar_decomposit.pdf\u0026Expires=1743626903\u0026Signature=HsMbJrDurSLNr9FYcgIDfiwFk6V5VzTHsyTXV~8Q7x~~t8ZpqwuVetjCe2CvYQgYa7VangV-41dOlM7jXSI4DppBn3GRFT6aFP1VZ3U4nEJ~AbJD5GfSeZhOQx1ABbVBs3kJ3rKDBUpqRVYqGhe94T1CMuNX1Z4uEtb~IhEMdVOPnl0cUzT6IUXnciY8W60PKFarZVpnin8Muq2I3v7NvsocGWr1NFwkV7gzVcnc4qjZ-kyR-r342TB5VSluldkbcx6MNqpc3w8dRjHgQqPrFFxn8HyZChboJBfVcGVFeRFXOTw5zjaah9f0Iz-YBi3orc69k~LOOdcc9ZaDbH6QxQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering"},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms"},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering"},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics"},{"id":37333,"name":"Anisotropy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anisotropy"},{"id":58143,"name":"Interferometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferometry"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation"},{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep"},{"id":176678,"name":"Hardness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hardness"},{"id":310719,"name":"Local Alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Alignment"},{"id":472821,"name":"Rigid Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rigid_Body"},{"id":586110,"name":"Elastic Modulus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elastic_Modulus"},{"id":631028,"name":"Soft Tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue"},{"id":2299482,"name":"Polar Decomposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polar_Decomposition"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-26992285-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26992284"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992284/A_reciprocal_connection_factor_for_assessing_knee_joint_function"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A reciprocal connection factor for assessing knee-joint function" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47252370/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26992284/A_reciprocal_connection_factor_for_assessing_knee_joint_function">A reciprocal connection factor for assessing knee-joint function</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3135ca55a237e1b35e979ac0ed1074fb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47252370,"asset_id":26992284,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47252370/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26992284"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26992284"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26992284; 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This study explores the relationships between various forces acting on the knee, highlighting the importance of the instantaneous screw axis (ISA) in understanding knee dynamics and its implications on the design of prosthetics and rehabilitation strategies. 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