CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="bs" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Slon - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )bswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mart","april","maj","juni","juli","august","septembar","oktobar","novembar","decembar"],"wgRequestId":"87441f78-2b42-44a3-b0c2-983b9b83361e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Slon","wgTitle":"Slon","wgCurRevisionId":3666079,"wgRevisionId":3666079,"wgArticleId":57985,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Stranice s greškama u referencama","CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list","CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar","CS1 održavanje: ref=harv","CS1 upotrebe (engleski)","Webarchive template wayback links","Članci koji trebaju izvor","Cite iucn maint","Slonovi","Biljojedi","Sisari","Članci koji sadrže video","Kičmenjaci","Anatomija kičmenjaka","Parafiletske grupe","Surlaši"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"bs","wgPageContentLanguage":"bs","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Slon","wgRelevantArticleId":57985,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":3666079,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"bs","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"bs"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7378","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture", "bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.3"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements", "mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.Pgnviewer","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=bs&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=bs&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=bs&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg/1200px-Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg/800px-Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg/640px-Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Slon - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//bs.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Uredi" href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (bs)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//bs.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bs"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom izvor" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Nedavne_izmjene&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Slon rootpage-Slon skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Idi na sadržaj</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni meni" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Glavni meni </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni meni</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Posjeti početnu stranicu [z]" accesskey="z">Početna strana</a></li><li id="n-sidebar-featured" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Istaknuti_%C4%8Dlanci">Istaknuti članci</a></li><li id="n-sidebar-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal">Portali</a></li><li id="n-sidebar-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorije">Kategorije</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_izmjene" title="Spisak nedavnih izmjena na wiki. [r]" accesskey="r">Nedavne izmjene</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nasumi%C4%8Dna_stranica" title="Učitaj nasumičnu stranicu [x]" accesskey="x">Nasumična stranica</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interakcija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Mjesto gdje možete nešto da naučite.">Pomoć</a></li><li id="n-sidebar-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igrali%C5%A1te">Igralište</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vrata_zajednice" title="O projektu, šta možete da uradite, gdje se šta nalazi">Vrata zajednice</a></li><li id="n-sidebar-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C4%8Car%C5%A1ija">Čaršija</a></li><li id="n-sidebar-news" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Novosti">Novosti</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Slobodna enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bs.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Pretraga" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f"> Pretraga </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pretraži Wikipediju" aria-label="Pretraži Wikipediju" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Pretraga"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Lični alati"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Izgled </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class="">Donacije</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Slon" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class="">Napravi korisnički račun</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Slon" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Prijavi me</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Više opcija" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lični alati" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Lični alati </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Korisnički meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs">Donacije</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Slon" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno"> Napravi korisnički račun</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Slon" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o"> Prijavi me</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za odjavljene urednike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Saznajte više o uređivanju">detaljnije</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Spisak izmjena napravljenih s ove IP-adrese [y]" accesskey="y">Doprinosi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o izmjenama s ove IP-adrese [n]" accesskey="n">Razgovor</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Ezatvori\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"bs\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"fmbox fmbox-system\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"border:1px solid #409262; text-align:center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Datoteka:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ponašanje_i_socijalizacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ponašanje_i_socijalizacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Ponašanje i socijalizacija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ponašanje_i_socijalizacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podjela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podjela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Podjela </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Podjela-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Podjela </button> <ul id="toc-Podjela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rasprostranjenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rasprostranjenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Rasprostranjenje </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rasprostranjenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Opis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomija_i_morfologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomija_i_morfologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Anatomija i morfologija </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomija_i_morfologija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Anatomija i morfologija </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomija_i_morfologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Veličina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veličina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Veličina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veličina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Kosti </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Glava </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uši" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uši"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Uši </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uši-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Surla </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zubi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zubi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Zubi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zubi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kljove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kljove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.1 Kljove </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kljove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koža" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koža"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Koža </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koža-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noge,_kretanje_i_držanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noge,_kretanje_i_držanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Noge, kretanje i držanje </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noge,_kretanje_i_držanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Organi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osnovna_tjelesna_temperatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnovna_tjelesna_temperatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Osnovna tjelesna temperatura </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osnovna_tjelesna_temperatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taksonomija_i_filogenija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taksonomija_i_filogenija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Taksonomija i filogenija </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taksonomija_i_filogenija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Taksonomija i filogenija </button> <ul id="toc-Taksonomija_i_filogenija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evolucija_i_izumrli_srodnici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolucija_i_izumrli_srodnici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Evolucija i izumrli srodnici </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolucija_i_izumrli_srodnici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Parenje </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rađanje_i_razvoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rađanje_i_razvoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Rađanje i razvoj </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rađanje_i_razvoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inteligencija_i_spoznaja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inteligencija_i_spoznaja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Inteligencija i spoznaja </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inteligencija_i_spoznaja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konzervacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konzervacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Konzervacija </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konzervacija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Konzervacija </button> <ul id="toc-Konzervacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Također pogledajte </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Reference </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reference-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Reference </button> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dopunska_literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dopunska_literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Dopunska literatura </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dopunska_literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Vanjski linkovi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Uključi/isključi sadržaj </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Slon</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 194 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-194" aria-hidden="true" > 194 jezika </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – ačinski" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ačinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifant" title="Olifant – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olifant" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – njemački (Švicarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="njemački (Švicarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%86%E1%8A%95" title="ዝሆን – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዝሆን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elpend" title="Elpend – staroengleski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Elpend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroengleski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eniin%CC%84" title="Eniin̄ – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Eniin̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="हाथी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हाथी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيل – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantidae" title="Elephantidae – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elephantidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="हाथी – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हाथी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunjara" title="Kunjara – balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kunjara" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drombl%C4%ABs" title="Dromblīs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dromblīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elepante" title="Elepante – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Elepante" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama" title="Sama – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Sama" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="হাতি – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="གླང་ཆེན། – tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གླང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifant" title="Olifant – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Olifant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaja" title="Gaja – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gaja" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Заан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Заан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefants" title="Elefants – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elefants" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%B4ng" title="Chiông – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chiông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%B9" title="ᎧᎹᎹ – čeroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᎹᎹ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čeroki" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%AAhe%27%C3%AAsees%C3%A9he" title="Tsêhe'êseeséhe – čejenski" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tsêhe'êseeséhe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="čejenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – krimski turski" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimski turski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliffant" title="Eliffant – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eliffant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanter" title="Elefanter – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elefanter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C9%94bigu" title="Wɔbigu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Wɔbigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C9%94%CC%88%C9%94%CC%88n" title="Akɔ̈ɔ̈n – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akɔ̈ɔ̈n" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiglinyi" title="Atiglinyi – eve" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Atiglinyi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eve" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ελέφαντας – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελέφαντας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elephant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanto" title="Elefanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elefanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevant" title="Elevant – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elevant" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsu" title="Norsu – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Norsu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevant" title="Elevant – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Elevant" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADlur" title="Fílur – farski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fílur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajinak%C3%BA_geli" title="Ajinakú geli – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Ajinakú geli" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9phant" title="Éléphant – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éléphant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilifint" title="Eilifint – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eilifint" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill%C3%A4r" title="Fillär – gagauški" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Fillär" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailbhean" title="Ailbhean – škotski galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ailbhean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski galski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapi%27it%C4%A9mbuku" title="Tapi'itĩmbuku – gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tapi'itĩmbuku" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 – gotski" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotski" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%80" title="હાથી – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હાથી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giwa" title="Giwa – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Giwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siong" title="Siong – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Siong" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C" title="פיל – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="हाथी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाथी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haanthi" title="Haanthi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Haanthi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefan" title="Elefan – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elefan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Փղեր – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elepante" title="Elepante – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Elepante" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanto" title="Elefanto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elefanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADll" title="Fíll – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fíll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BE%E3%82%A6" title="ゾウ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゾウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xanto" title="xanto – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xanto" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilu" title="Ilu – kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ilu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwuom" title="Zwuom – tjap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zwuom" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tjap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzau" title="Nzau – kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nzau" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njogu" title="Njogu – kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Njogu" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пілдер – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пілдер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagguaatsoq" title="Nagguaatsoq – kalalisutski" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nagguaatsoq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="kalalisutski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A" title="គជសារ – kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គជសារ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಆನೆ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%81%BC%EB%A6%AC" title="코끼리 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코끼리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%86%D8%B3" title="ہۆس – kašmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہۆس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEl" title="Fîl – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fîl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifans" title="Olifans – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Olifans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantus" title="Elephantus – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elephantus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – lezgijski" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifante" title="Olifante – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Olifante" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanc" title="Elefanc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Elefanc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liofant" title="Liofant – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liofant" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nz%C9%94ku" title="Nzɔku – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nzɔku" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ຊ້າງ – laoski" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊ້າງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drambliai" title="Drambliai – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Drambliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilo%C5%86i" title="Ziloņi – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziloņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanta" title="Elefanta – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Elefanta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arewhana" title="Arewhana – maorski" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Arewhana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8" title="ആന – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Заан – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Заан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯁꯥꯃꯨ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯥꯃꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="हत्ती – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हत्ती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iljunfant" title="Iljunfant – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iljunfant" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဆင် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Пил – erzija" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пил" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzija" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیل – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="हात्ती – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हात्ती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="किसि – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="किसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifanten" title="Olifanten – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olifanten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Al%C3%A9phant" title="Êléphant – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êléphant" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlou" title="Tlou – sjeverni soto" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tlou" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sjeverni soto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81h_yee_adilohii" title="Chį́į́h yee adilohii – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chį́į́h yee adilohii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80" title="ହାତୀ – odija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାତୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odija" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80" title="ਹਾਥੀ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਥੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifanti" title="Olifanti – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Olifanti" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82onie" title="Słonie – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Słonie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہاتھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہاتھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيل – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فيل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefante" title="Elefante – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elefante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefandu" title="Elefandu – arumunski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Elefandu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzovu" title="Inzovu – kinjaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inzovu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinjaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%83" title="गजः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गजः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Сэлиилэр – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сэлиилэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Elephant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%BF%D9%8A" title="هاٿي – sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هاٿي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၸၢင်ႉ – šan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸၢင်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92" title="අලි – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අලි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elephant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہاتھی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہاتھی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefane" title="Elefane – samoanski" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Elefane" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzou" title="Nzou – šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nzou" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroodi" title="Maroodi – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maroodi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefanti" title="Elefanti – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elefanti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slon" title="Slon – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Slon" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlou" title="Tlou – južni soto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tlou" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="južni soto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gajah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndovu" title="Ndovu – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ndovu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/zu" title="zu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="zu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="யானை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யானை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/zo" title="zo – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="zo" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಆನೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಆನೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%93%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B3" title="ᥓᥣᥒᥳ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥓᥣᥒᥳ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="ఏనుగు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఏనుగు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ช้าง – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ช้าง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil" title="Pil – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pil" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadya" title="Gadya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gadya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фил – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%84" title="پىل – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Слон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہاتھی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہاتھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil" title="Fil – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%B8%93ou" title="Nḓou – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Nḓou" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Elefant" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voi" title="Voi – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Voi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifantn" title="Olifantn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Olifantn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leefad" title="Leefad – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Leefad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elepante" title="Elepante – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elepante" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91ay" title="Ñay – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ñay" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зан – kalmik" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Зан" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="העלפאנד – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העלפאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin" title="Erin – jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Erin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duzciengh" title="Duzciengh – zuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Duzciengh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C5%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Chhiūⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiūⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1" title="象 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="象" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indlovu" title="Indlovu – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Indlovu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7378#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Slon" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c">Stranica</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Slon" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r">Razgovor</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >bosanski </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pregledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Slon">Čitaj</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v">Uredi</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e">Uredi izvor</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h">Historija</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Alati </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Slon">Čitaj</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v">Uredi</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e">Uredi izvor</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=history">Historija</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Slon" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j">Šta vodi ovamo</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Slon" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k">Srodne izmjene</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u">Postavi datoteku</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q">Posebne stranice</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&oldid=3666079" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice">Trajni link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici">Informacije o stranici</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Slon&id=3666079&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu">Citiraj ovu stranicu</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSlon">Skraćeni link</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSlon">Preuzmi QR kod</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Slon">Napravi knjigu</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Slon&action=show-download-screen">Preuzmi kao PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p">Za štampanje</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elephants" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7378" title="Link na povezane podatke spremišnih stavki [g]" accesskey="g">Stavka na Wikipodacima</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638947">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: pink;">Slonovi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Afrikanischer_Elefant,_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Afrički slon"><img alt="Afrički slon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg/250px-Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg/375px-Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg/500px-Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dki_slon" title="Afrički slon">Afrički slon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: pink;"><a href="/wiki/Biolo%C5%A1ka_klasifikacija" title="Biološka klasifikacija">Sistematika</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Carstvo_(biologija)" title="Carstvo (biologija)">Carstvo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">Animalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Koljeno</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hordati" title="Hordati">Chordata</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Potkoljeno</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmenjaci" title="Kičmenjaci">Vertebrata</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Razred_(biologija)" title="Razred (biologija)">Razred</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sisavci" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisavci">Mammalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nadred</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (stranica ne postoji)">Afrotheria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Red_(biologija)" title="Red (biologija)">Red</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surla%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surlaši (stranica ne postoji)">Proboscidea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Porodica_(biologija)" title="Porodica (biologija)">Porodica</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Elephantidae <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edward_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edward Gray (stranica ne postoji)">Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/1821" class="mw-redirect" title="1821">1821</a>.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: pink;"><a href="/wiki/Rod_(biologija)" title="Rod (biologija)">Rodovi</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loxodonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxodonta">Loxodonta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephas (stranica ne postoji)">Elephas</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Slonovi su veliki sisari iz porodice Elephantidae (od <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat.</a> elefantus - slon) a spadaju u red Proboscidea (surlaša). Obično se razlikuju dva roda slonova <a href="/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dki_slon" title="Afrički slon">afrički slon</a> (Loxodonta africana) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azijski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azijski slon (stranica ne postoji)">azijski slon</a> (Elephas maximus), mada postoje neki dokazi da su afrički savanski slon i afrički šumski slon dvije različite vrste (L. africana i L. cyclotis, respektivno). Slonovi su rašireni širom podsaharske <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrike</a> i južne i jugoistočne Azije. Porodica Elephantidae je jedina preživjela porodica iz reda surlaša; druge, danas izumrle vrste iz ovog roda su bile <a href="/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut">mamuti</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mastodont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastodont (stranica ne postoji)">mastodonti</a>. Mužjak afričkog slona je najveća kopnena životinja i može doseći visinu od 4 m i težinu od 7 tona. Svi slonovi imaju nekoliko karakterističnih osobina, od koji su najuočljiviji dugo debelo rilo zvano <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surla (stranica ne postoji)">surla</a>, kojim slonovi uzimaju vodu, dišu i dohvataju hranu i predmete. Njihovi <a href="/wiki/Sjekuti%C4%87i" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjekutići">sjekutići</a> su narasli u <a href="/wiki/Kljove" title="Kljove">kljove</a> koje mogu služiti kao oružje protiv grabežljivaca ili kao alat za pomjeranje objekata ili kopanje. Svojim velikim ušima mogu mahati čime pomažu u snižavanju temperature tijela. Afrički slonovi imaju veće uši i konkavna leđa dok azijski slonovi imaju manje uši i konveksna ili ravna leđa. Svi su <a href="/wiki/Biljo%C5%BEderi" title="Biljožderi">biljožderi</a> i hrane se travama i lišćem, a žive u različitim okruženjima uključujući <a href="/wiki/Savana" title="Savana">savane</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uma" title="Šuma">šume</a>, pustinje i <a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dvara" title="Močvara">močvare</a>. Teže da ostanu blizu vode. Smatraju se jednom od ključnih vrsta zbog uticaja kojeg imaju u svojim okruženjima. Druge životinje se drže na distanci od slonova, a grabežljivci poput <a href="/wiki/Lav" title="Lav">lavova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigar" title="Tigar">tigrova</a> i hijena obično uzimaju za žrtvu mladunčad slonova (telad). Slonovi mogu da dožive i do 70 godina starosti u divljini. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ponašanje_i_socijalizacija">Ponašanje i socijalizacija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Ponašanje i socijalizacija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ponašanje i socijalizacija">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Ženke slona (krave) žive obično u porodičnim grupama sastavljenim iz jedne ženke sa mladuncima i nekoliko rodbinski povezanih ženki i njihovih mladunaca. Grupe predvodi također ženska jedinka, obično najstarija ženka. Slonovi imaju posebno sastavljeno <a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo">društvo</a> gdje se brojne porodične grupe sastaju i socijaliziraju. Mužjaci (bikovi) napuštaju svoju porodičnu grupu kada dostignu <a href="/wiki/Pubertet" title="Pubertet">pubertet</a>, a obično žive sami ili sa drugim mužjacima. Odrasli mužjaci obično dolaze u grupu kada traže partnericu i ulaze u period povišenog nivoa <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">testosterona</a> kada su mnogo agresivniji prije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parenje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parenje (stranica ne postoji)">parenja</a>. To im pomaže da postignu dominaciju što uvećava šanse za reprodukciju u odnosu na suparničke mužjake. Mladunci su u središtu interesovanja u svojoj porodičnoj grupi i oslanjaju se na svoje majke do treće godine života. Slonovi komuniciraju dodirivanjem, pogledom, mirisom i zvukovima, koriste infrazvuk i seizmičku komunikaciju na duge udaljenosti. Inteligencija slonova se može upoređivati sa primatima. Smatra se da slonovi imaju samospoznaju te pokazuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empatija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empatija (stranica ne postoji)">empatiju</a> za umiruće ili umrle jedinke svoje vrste. Afrički slonovi su stavljeni na spisak ranjivih vrsta od strane Međunarodne unije za očuvanje prirode (IUCN), dok je azijski slon klasificiran kao <a href="/wiki/Ugro%C5%BEena_vrsta" title="Ugrožena vrsta">ugrožena vrsta</a>. Među najvećim prijetnjama za populaciju slonova u svijetu smatra se trgovina slonovačom, jer se životinje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krivolov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krivolov (stranica ne postoji)">nezakonito love</a> zbog njihovih kljovi. Druge prijetnje po opstanak divljih slonova je nestanak njihovog prirodnog okruženja. Slonovi se u Aziji koriste kao radne životinje. U prošlosti koristili su se i u <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">ratovima</a>; danas se često drže u zatočeništvu u zoološkim vrtovima i cirkusima. Slonovi su čest motiv u umjetnosti, narodnim običajima, religiji, literaturi i, općenito, u popularnoj kulturi. Kod rođenja, mladunče može težiti do 100 <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a>. Skotnost slonice traje 20 do 22 mjeseca i najduža je od svih kopnenih sisavaca. Najveći slon je ubijen <a href="/wiki/1974" class="mw-redirect" title="1974">1974</a>. u južnoj <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angoli</a> i bio je težak 12.240 <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citiranje_izvora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Citiranje izvora">potreban citat</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podjela">Podjela</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Podjela"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Podjela">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Danas žive još samo tri vrste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surla%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surlaši (stranica ne postoji)">surlaša</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dki_slon" title="Afrički slon">afrički slon</a> (savanski afrički slon) (Loxodonta africana)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0umski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šumski slon (stranica ne postoji)">šumski slon</a> (šumski afrički slon) (Loxodonta cyclotis)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azijski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azijski slon (stranica ne postoji)">azijski slon</a> (Elephas maximus)</li></ul> Izumrli su: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephas_recki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephas recki (stranica ne postoji)">Elephas recki</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stegodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stegodon (stranica ne postoji)">Stegodon</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamuti (stranica ne postoji)">Mammuthus</a> †</li></ul> Manji broj naučnika koji se bave <a href="/wiki/Kriptozoologija" title="Kriptozoologija">kriptozoologijom</a> a zanimaju ih slonovi, predlažu da se u slonove uvrsti i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patuljasti_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patuljasti slon (stranica ne postoji)">patuljasti slon</a> (Loxodonta pumilio) kao još jedna, zasebna, vrsta. Međutim, drugi naučnici nisu prihvatili taj prijedlog. Ta vrsta uz šumskog slona živi u tropskim <a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%A1na_%C5%A1uma" title="Kišna šuma">kišnim šumama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongo" class="mw-disambig" title="Kongo">Konga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kameruna</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rasprostranjenje">Rasprostranjenje</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Rasprostranjenje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Rasprostranjenje">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dki_slon" title="Afrički slon">Afrički slon</a> je ranije živio na čitavom afričkom kontinentu, dok je danas sjeverna granica njegovih obitavališta jug <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudana</a>. Južno od tog područja živi svuda, ali samo u zaštićenim područjima nacionalnih parkova; no u njima su se <a href="/wiki/Populacija" title="Populacija">populacije</a> tako snažno povećale, da dolazi u pitanje "izdržljivost" okoliša. To je posebno dramatično izraženo u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionali_park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionali park (stranica ne postoji)">nacionalnom parku</a> Čobe u <a href="/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana">Bocvani</a>: umjesto 5.000 slonova koliko bi priroda parka mogla podnijeti, tu živi 25.000 životinja.</li></ul> Šumski slon živi u kišnim šumama zapadne Afrike, među ostalim u <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerunu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demokratska_Republika_Kongo" title="Demokratska Republika Kongo">DR Kongu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Centralnoafri%C4%8Dka_Republika" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralnoafrička Republika">Centralnoafričkoj Republici</a>. Područje gdje živi azijski slon širi se čitavim područjem <a href="/wiki/Jugoisto%C4%8Dna_Azija" title="Jugoistočna Azija">jugoistočne Azije</a> kao i Indijskog potkontinenta. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opis">Opis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Opis"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Opis">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Slonovi su <a href="/wiki/Sisari" title="Sisari">sisari</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Porodica_(biologija)" title="Porodica (biologija)">porodice</a> <a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephantidae">Elephantidae</a>, najvećih postojećih kopnenih životinja. Danas su prepoznate tri <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" class="mw-disambig" title="Vrsta">vrste</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afri%C4%8Dki_obi%C4%8Dni_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrički obični slon (stranica ne postoji)">afrički obični slon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afri%C4%8Dki_%C5%A1umski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrički šumski slon (stranica ne postoji)">afrički šumski slon</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azijski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azijski slon (stranica ne postoji)">azijski slon</a>. Elephantidae su jedina preživjela porodica iz reda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proboscidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proboscidea (stranica ne postoji)">Proboscidea</a>; izumrli članovi uključuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mastodont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastodont (stranica ne postoji)">mastodonte</a>. Porodica Elephantidae također uključuje nekoliko danas izumrlih grupa, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut">mamuti</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slonovi_sa_pravim_kljovama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slonovi sa pravim kljovama (stranica ne postoji)">slonovi sa pravim kljovama</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afri%C4%8Dki_slonovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrički slonovi (stranica ne postoji)">Afrički slonovi</a> imaju veće uši i udubljena leđa, dok azijski imaju manje uši i konveksna ili ravna leđa. Obilježavajuća svojstva svih slonova uključuju dugačku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proboscis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proboscis (stranica ne postoji)">proboscis</a> koji se naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surla (stranica ne postoji)">surla</a>, kljove, veliki ušni poklopci, masivne noge i žilavu, ali osjetljivu kožu. Surla se koristi za disanje, donošenje hrane i vode u usta i hvatanje predmeta. Kljove izvedene iz zuba <a href="/wiki/Sjekuti%C4%87" title="Sjekutić">sjekutića</a> služe i kao oružje i kao alat za pomjeranje predmeta i kopanje. Veliki ušni preklopci pomažu u održavanju konstantne tjelesne temperature, kao i u komunikaciji. Noge poput <a href="/wiki/Stub" title="Stub">stuba</a> nose veliku težinu. Slonovi su raštrkani po <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">subsaharskoj Africi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Južnoj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Jugoistočnoj Aziji</a> i nalaze se na različitim staništima, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Savana" title="Savana">savane</a>, šume, pustinje i <a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dvara" title="Močvara">močvare</a>. Oni su <a href="/wiki/Biljojedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Biljojedi">biljojedi</a> i zadržavaju se u blizini vode kada im je dostupna. Smatra se da su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klju%C4%8Dne_vrste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ključne vrste (stranica ne postoji)">ključne vrste</a>, zbog utjecaja na njihovo okruženje. Slonovi imaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisijsko-fuzijsko_dru%C5%A1tvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisijsko-fuzijsko društvo (stranica ne postoji)">fisijsko-fuzijsko društvo</a>, u kojem se više porodičnih grupa okuplja radi druženja. Ženke imaju naviku da žive u porodičnim grupama, koje se mogu sastojati od jedne ženke s teladima ili nekoliko srodnih ženki s potomstvom. Grupe, koje ne uključuju bikove, predvodi (obično) najstarija krava, poznata kao <a href="/wiki/Matrijarhat" title="Matrijarhat">matrijarh</a>. Mužjaci (bikovi) napuštaju porodične grupe kada dostignu <a href="/wiki/Pubertet" title="Pubertet">pubertet</a> i mogu živjeti sami ili s drugim mužjacima. Odrasli bikovi uglavnom komuniciraju s porodičnim grupama, onda kada traže partnerku. Ulaze u stanje povišenog <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">testosterona</a> i agresivnosti poznatog kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Must&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Must (stranica ne postoji)">must</a>, što im pomaže da steknu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominaciju_(etologija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominaciju (etologija) (stranica ne postoji)">dominaciju</a> nad ostalim mužjacima, kao i reproduktivni uspjeh. Telad su centar pažnje u njihovim porodičnim grupama i oslanjaju se na svoje majke, čak tri godine. Slonovi u divljini mogu živjeti i do 70 godina. Komuniciraju dodirom, vidom, mirisom i zvukom; slonovi koriste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrazvuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infrazvuk (stranica ne postoji)">infrazvuk</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seizmi%C4%8Dka_komunikacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seizmička komunikacija (stranica ne postoji)">seizmičku komunikaciju</a> na velikim udaljenostima. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slonovska_kognicija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slonovska kognicija (stranica ne postoji)">Slonovska inteligencija</a> upoređena je s onom kod <a href="/wiki/Primat" title="Primat">primata</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a>. Čini se da imaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samosvojest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samosvojest (stranica ne postoji)">samosvojest</a>, a izgleda da pokazuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empatija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empatija (stranica ne postoji)">empatiju</a> prema umirućim i mrtvim članovima porodice. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Me%C4%91unarodna_unija_za_za%C5%A1titu_prirode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Međunarodna unija za zaštitu prirode (stranica ne postoji)">Međunarodna unija za zaštitu prirode</a> (IUCN), afričke slonove označila je kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranjiva_vrsta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranjiva vrsta (stranica ne postoji)">ranjivi</a>, a azijske kao <a href="/wiki/Ugro%C5%BEena_vrsta" title="Ugrožena vrsta">ugrožene</a>. Jedna od najvećih prijetnji populaciji slonova je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trgovina_slonova%C4%8Dom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trgovina slonovačom (stranica ne postoji)">trgovina slonovačom</a>, jer su životinje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krivolov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krivolov (stranica ne postoji)">krivolovljene</a> zbog kljova. Ostale prijetnje divljim slonovima uključuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uni%C5%A1tavanje_stani%C5%A1ta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uništavanje staništa (stranica ne postoji)">uništavanje staništa</a> i sukobe s lokalnim stanovništvom. U Aziji, slonovi se koriste kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radne_%C5%BEivotinje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radne životinje (stranica ne postoji)">radne životinje</a>. U prošlosti su se koristili iu ratovima; danas ih se često kontroverzno prikazuje u zoološkim vrtovima ili ih se koristi za zabavu u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirkus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirkus (stranica ne postoji)">cirkusima</a>. Slonovi su vrlo prepoznatljivi i zastupljeni su u umjetnosti, folkloru, religiji, književnosti i <a href="/wiki/Popularna_kultura" title="Popularna kultura">popularnoj kulturi</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomija_i_morfologija">Anatomija i morfologija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Anatomija i morfologija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Anatomija i morfologija">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veličina">Veličina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Veličina"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Veličina">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Physical_Differences_Between_African_and_Asian_Elephants.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Physical_Differences_Between_African_and_Asian_Elephants.svg/220px-Physical_Differences_Between_African_and_Asian_Elephants.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Physical_Differences_Between_African_and_Asian_Elephants.svg/330px-Physical_Differences_Between_African_and_Asian_Elephants.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Physical_Differences_Between_African_and_Asian_Elephants.svg/440px-Physical_Differences_Between_African_and_Asian_Elephants.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>Fizičke razlike između afričkih i azijskih slonova. 1. Veličina uha 2. Oblik čela 3. Samo neki azijski imaju kljove 4. Količina prstena u surli 5. Broj noktiju na nogu 6. Veličina repa 7. Stražnji luk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephant_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elephant_skeleton.jpg/220px-Elephant_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elephant_skeleton.jpg/330px-Elephant_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elephant_skeleton.jpg/440px-Elephant_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Kostur afričkog grmljanskog slona</figcaption></figure> Slonovi su najveće žive kopnene životinje. Jedinke afričkog grmljanskog slona su najveća vrsta, a mužjaci su visoki 304 – 336 cm na razini ramena i imaju tjelesnu masu 5,2 – 6,9 tona, a ženke koje stoje 247 – 273 cm, sa tjelesnom masom od 2,6 – 3,5 t. Muški azijski slonovi obično su visoki oko 261 – 289 cm i teški 3,5 – 4,6 tona, dok su ženke visoke 228 – 252 cm do ramena i teške 2,3 – 3,1 tonu. Afrički šumski slonovi najmanja su vrsta, s mužjacima koji su obično visoki oko 209 – 231 cm, tžine 1,7 – 2,3 tone. Muški afrički grmoljanski slonovi su obično 23% viši od ženki, dok su muški azijski slonovi od ženki viši samo za oko 15%.<a href="#cite_note-Larramendi,_A._2015-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosti">Kosti</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Kosti"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Kosti">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Skelet slona sastoji se od 326–351. kostiju.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani68-2">[2]</a> Pršljenovi su povezani čvrstim zglobovima, što ograničava fleksibilnost <a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dma" title="Kičma">kičme</a>. Afrički slonovi imaju 21 par rebara, dok azijski imaju 19 ili 20 parova.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glava">Glava</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Glava"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Glava">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Lobanja" title="Lobanja">Lobanja</a> slona dovoljno je elastična da podnese sile koje generiraju poluge kljova i sudari glave u glavu. Stražnji dio lubanje je spljošten i raširen, stvarajući lukove koji štite mozak u svim smjerovima.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Lobanja sadrži zračne šupljine (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinus_(anatomija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinus (anatomija) (stranica ne postoji)">sinuse</a>) koje joj smanjuju težinu, a istovremeno održavaju ukupnu snagu. Te šupljine daju unutrašnjosti lubanje izgled <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%C4%87e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saće (stranica ne postoji)">saća</a>. Lobanja je posebno velika i pruža dovoljno prostora za hvatišta mišića koji podržavaju cijelu glavu. Donja vilica je čvrsta i teška..<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani68-2">[2]</a> Zbog veličine glave, <a href="/wiki/Vrat" title="Vrat">vrat</a> je relativno kratak, da bi pružio bolju potporu.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> U nedostatku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzni_aparat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzni aparat (stranica ne postoji)">suznog aparata</a>, oko se oslanja na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tvrda_%C5%BElijezda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tvrda žlijezda (stranica ne postoji)">tvrdu žlijezdu</a> kako bi ga održalo vlažnim. Izdržljiva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niciraju%C4%87a_membrana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicirajuća membrana (stranica ne postoji)">nicirajuća membrana</a> štiti očnu jabučicu. Položaj i ograničena pokretljivost očiju ugrožavaju životinjsko <a href="/wiki/Vidno_polje" title="Vidno polje">vidno polje</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sense-6">[6]</a> Smatra se da slonovi imaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihromatizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihromatizam (stranica ne postoji)">dihromatsko</a> <a href="/wiki/Vi%C4%91enje_boja" class="mw-redirect" title="Viđenje boja">viđenje boja</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> i mogu dobro vidjeti pri slabom svjetlu, ali ne i pri jakom.<a href="#cite_note-cognition-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uši">Uši</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Uši"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Uši">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Slonovske uši imaju debele baze sa tankim vrhovima. Ušni preklopci, ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pina_(anatomija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pina (anatomija) (stranica ne postoji)">pine</a>, sadrže brojne krvne sudove zvane <a href="/wiki/Kapilar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapilar">kapilari</a>. Topla krv teče u kapilare, pomažući oslobađanju viška telesne toplote u okolinu. To se događa kad pine miruju, a životinja može pojačati učinak mlataranjem. Veće površine ušiju sadrže više kapilara i može se osloboditi više toplote. Od svih slonova, afrički grmljanskii slonovi žive u najtoplijoj klimi i imaju najveće ušne klapne.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Slonovi su sposobni čuti vibracije sa niskim frekvencijama i najosetljiviji su na 1 <a href="/wiki/Herc" title="Herc">Hz</a> (u neposrednoj blizini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sopran (stranica ne postoji)">sopran</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C_(muzi%C4%8Dka_nota)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (muzička nota) (stranica ne postoji)">C</a>).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surla">Surla</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Surla"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Surla">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3204985/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:African_elephant_warning_raised_trunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/African_elephant_warning_raised_trunk.jpg/200px-African_elephant_warning_raised_trunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/African_elephant_warning_raised_trunk.jpg/300px-African_elephant_warning_raised_trunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/African_elephant_warning_raised_trunk.jpg/400px-African_elephant_warning_raised_trunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Afrički grmljanski slon s podignutom surlom, čest obrazac <a href="/wiki/Pona%C5%A1anje" title="Ponašanje">ponašanja</a> prilikom trubljenja/rikanja</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Asian_Elephant,_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Asian_Elephant%2C_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.jpg/200px-Asian_Elephant%2C_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Asian_Elephant%2C_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.jpg/300px-Asian_Elephant%2C_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Asian_Elephant%2C_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.jpg/400px-Asian_Elephant%2C_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Azijski slon pije vodu</div></div></div></div></div> Surla ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proboscis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proboscis (stranica ne postoji)">proboscis</a>, je spoj nosa i gornje usne, iako su u ranom životu <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetusne</a> odvojene.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Surla je izdužena i specijalizirana kao slonovski najvažniji i najsvestraniji dodatak. Sadrži do 150.000 odvojenih mišićnih fascija, bez <a href="/wiki/Kost" title="Kost">kostiju</a> i malo <a href="/wiki/Masti" class="mw-redirect" title="Masti">masti</a>. Ovi upareni mišići sastoje se od dvija glavna tipa: površinski i unutrašnji. Prvi se dijele na leđne, trbušne i bočne, dok se drugi dijele na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popre%C4%8Dna_ravan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poprečna ravan (stranica ne postoji)">poprečne</a> i radijalne mišiće. Mišići surle povezuju se s koštanim otvorom u lobanji. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosna_pregrada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nosna pregrada (stranica ne postoji)">Nosna pregrada</a> sastoji se od sitnih mišićnih jedinica koje se vodoravno protežu između <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosnica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nosnica (stranica ne postoji)">nosnica</a>. U osnovi, nosnice dijeli <a href="/wiki/Hrskavica" title="Hrskavica">hrskavica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani74-11">[11]</a> Surla se, kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87ni_hidrostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mišićni hidrostat (stranica ne postoji)">mišićni hidrostat</a> kreće precizno koordiniranim kontrakcijama mišića. Mišići rade i jedni protiv drugih. Jedinstveni proboscidni nerb – formiran od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maksilarni_nerv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maksilarni nerv (stranica ne postoji)">maksilarnog</a> i <a href="/wiki/Facijalni_nerv" class="mw-redirect" title="Facijalni nerv">facijalnog</a> – proteže duž obje strane.<a href="#cite_note-trunk-12">[12]</a> Slonovska surla imaju višestruke funkcije, uključujući disanje, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Culo_mirisa" title="Čulo mirisa">njuh</a>, dodirivanje, hvatanje i oglašavanje.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Čulo životinje može biti četiri puta osjetljivije od osjećaja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krvotraka%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krvotrakač (stranica ne postoji)">krvotrakača</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar149-13">[13]</a> Sposobnost surle da čini moćne pokrete uvijanja i namotavanja, omogućava mu da sakuplja hranu, hrve se s drugim slonovima,<a href="#cite_note-Kingdon9-14">[14]</a> i podignite do 350 kg.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Može se koristiti za osjetljive zadatke, poput brisanja oka i provjere otvora,<a href="#cite_note-Kingdon9-14">[14]</a> i sposobna je za lomljenje ljuske <a href="/wiki/Kikiriki" title="Kikiriki">kikirikija</a> bez razbijanja sjemena.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Svojim surlom, slon može doći do predmeta na visini do 7 m i kopati po dnu vode sa blatom ili pijeskom.<a href="#cite_note-Kingdon9-14">[14]</a> Pojedini mogu imati bočne preferencije: neki je više vole uvijati ulijevo, drugi udesno.<a href="#cite_note-trunk-12">[12]</a> Mogu usisavati vodu i za piće i za prskanje po tijelima.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Odrasli azijski slon sposoban je u surli držati 8,5 L vode.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani74-11">[11]</a> Također raspršuju prašinu ili travu na sebe.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Kada je pod vodom, slon koristi surlu kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Podmorni%C4%8Dka_dihalica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podmornička dihalica (stranica ne postoji)">dihalicu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dki_slon" title="Afrički slon">Afrički slon</a> na vrhu surle ima dva nastavka nalik prstima koji mu omogućavaju da uhvati i prinese hranu ustima. Azijski slon ima samo jedan, a više se oslanja na motanje oko neke namirnice i stiskanje u usta. Azijski slonovi imaju veću koordinaciju mišića i mogu obavljati složenije zadatke. Gubitak surle bio bi štetan za preživljavanje slona,<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> iako su u rijetkim slučajevima jedinke preživjele sa skraćenim. Primijećeno je da jedan slon pase klečeći na prednjim nogama, podižući se na zadnje noge i usnama uzimajući travu.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani74-11">[11]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindrom_diskesi%C4%8Dne_surle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindrom diskesične surle (stranica ne postoji)">Sindrom diskesične surle</a> je stanje <a href="/wiki/Paraliza" title="Paraliza">paralize</a> kod afričkih grmljanskih slonova, uzrokovano degradacijom <a href="/wiki/Periferni_nervni_sistem" title="Periferni nervni sistem">perifernih živaca</a> i mišića koji počinju na vrhu.<a href="#cite_note-NS-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zubi">Zubi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Zubi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Zubi">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3204985/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Jaw_of_a_deceased_Loxodonta_africana_juvenile_individual_found_within_the_Voyager_Ziwani_Safari_Camp,_on_the_edge_of_the_Tsavo_West_National_Park,_near_Ziwani,_Kenya_3_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jaw_of_a_deceased_Loxodonta_africana_juvenile_individual_found_within_the_Voyager_Ziwani_Safari_Camp%2C_on_the_edge_of_the_Tsavo_West_National_Park%2C_near_Ziwani%2C_Kenya_3_%28edited%29.jpg/200px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jaw_of_a_deceased_Loxodonta_africana_juvenile_individual_found_within_the_Voyager_Ziwani_Safari_Camp%2C_on_the_edge_of_the_Tsavo_West_National_Park%2C_near_Ziwani%2C_Kenya_3_%28edited%29.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jaw_of_a_deceased_Loxodonta_africana_juvenile_individual_found_within_the_Voyager_Ziwani_Safari_Camp%2C_on_the_edge_of_the_Tsavo_West_National_Park%2C_near_Ziwani%2C_Kenya_3_%28edited%29.jpg/400px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="1711" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Obrazni zubi mladog uginulog slona</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:2010-kabini-tusker-bark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2010-kabini-tusker-bark.jpg/200px-2010-kabini-tusker-bark.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2010-kabini-tusker-bark.jpg/300px-2010-kabini-tusker-bark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2010-kabini-tusker-bark.jpg/400px-2010-kabini-tusker-bark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="408" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Azijski slon jede koru drveća, koristeći se kljovama da je oljušti.</div></div></div></div></div> Slonovi obično imaju 26 zuba: <a href="/wiki/Sjekuti%C4%87" title="Sjekutić">sjekutiće</a>, poznate kao <a href="/wiki/Kljova" class="mw-redirect" title="Kljova">kljove</a>, 12 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mlije%C4%8Dni_zubi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliječni zubi (stranica ne postoji)">mliječnih</a> <a href="/wiki/Pretkutnjak" title="Pretkutnjak">pretkutnjaka</a> i 12 <a href="/wiki/Kutnjak_(zub)" title="Kutnjak (zub)">kutnjaka</a>. Za razliku od većine sisara, kojima rastu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mlije%C4%8Dni_zubi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliječni zubi (stranica ne postoji)">mliječni zubi</a>, a zatim ih zamjenjuju jednim trajnim setom odraslih zuba, slonovi su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polifiodonti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polifiodonti (stranica ne postoji)">polifiodonti</a> koji imaju cikluse zamjene zuba tokom života. Tokom uobičsjene dugovječnosti, zubi za žvakanje zamjenjuju se šest puta. Zubi se ne zamjenjuju novima koji izlaze iz vilice vertikalno kao kod većine sisara. Umjesto toga, novi zubi izrastaju na stražnjoj strani usta i pomiču se prema naprijed kako bi istisnuli stare. Prvi žvakaći zub sa svake strane vilice ispada kada slon ima dvije do tri godine. Drugi set žvakaćih zuba ispada sa četiri do šest godina. Treći set ispada sa 9-15 godina, a četvrti traje do 18-28 godine. Peti set zuba ispada početkom 40-ih. Šesti (i obično završni) set mora trajati do kraja života. Slonovi zubi imaju zubne grebene u obliku petlje, koji su kod afričkih deblji i dijamantoliki.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani70-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kljove">Kljove</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Kljove"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kljove">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Kljove slona modificirani su drugi sjekutići u <a href="/wiki/Gornja_vilica" title="Gornja vilica">gornjoj vilici</a>. Zamjenjuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mlije%C4%8Dni_zub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliječni zub (stranica ne postoji)">mliječne zube</a> u dobi od 6–12 mjeseci i godišnje kontinuirano rastu otprilike do oko 17 cm. Novorazvijena kljova ima glatku <a href="/wiki/Zubna_caklina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zubna caklina">caklinsku</a> kapu koja na kraju istroši. <a href="/wiki/Dentin" title="Dentin">Dentin</a> je poznat je kao <a href="/wiki/Slonova%C4%8Da" title="Slonovača">slonovača</a> i njegov <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presjek_(geometrija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presjek (geometrija) (stranica ne postoji)">poprečni presjek</a> sastoji se od ukrštenih uzoraka linija, poznatih kao „mašinsko ucrtavanje“, koje stvaraju područja u obliku <a href="/wiki/Dijamant" title="Dijamant">dijamanta</a>. Kao komad živog tkiva, kljova je relativno mehka; tvrda je koliko i mineral <a href="/wiki/Kalcit" title="Kalcit">kalcit</a>. Velik dio kljove može se vidjeti vani; ostatak je u ležištu u lobanji. Najmanje jedna trećina kljove sadrži <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulpa_(zub)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulpa (zub) (stranica ne postoji)">pulpu</a>, a neki imaju nerve koji se protežu do vrha. Stoga bi ga bilo teško ukloniti bez nanošenja štete životinji. Kad se ukloni, slonovača počinje sušiti i pucati, ako se ne održava hladnom i vlažnom okruženju. Kljove služe u više svrha. Koriste se za iskopavanje vode, soli i korijenja, uklanjanje kore ili obilježavanje drveća, kao i za pomjeranje drveća i grana prilikom čišćenja staze. U borbi se koriste za napad i obranu, te za zaštitu trupa.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani71-17">[17]</a> Kao i kod ljudi, koji su obično <a href="/wiki/Ruka" title="Ruka">desnoruki ili ljevoruki</a>, slonovske kljove obično su desnostrane ili lijevostrane. Dominantna kljova, koja se naziva glavna kljova, uglavnom je istrošenija, jer je kraća s okruglim vrhom. Za afričke slonove kljove su prisutne i kod mužjaka i kod ženki i približno su iste dužine kod oba spola, dostižući dužinu i do 300 cm,<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani71-17">[17]</a> ali mužjaci imaju deblje.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> U ranija vremena nisu bile neuobičajene i kljove teške preko 200 kilograma, iako je danas rijetkost vidjeti kljovu sa više od 100 kg.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Kod azijskih, samo mužjaci imaju velike kljove. Njihove ženke imaju vrlo male kljove ili ih uopće nemaju.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani71-17">[17]</a> Ima mužjaka i bez kljova i posebno su česti među slonovima iz Šri Lanke.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Azijski mužjaci mogu imati kljove sve dok i afrički, ali obično su tanji i lakši; najveća zabilježena bila je duga 302 cm i teška 39 kg. Lov na slonovaču u Africi<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and Asia<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> vodio je ka <a href="/wiki/Prirodno_odabiranje" class="mw-redirect" title="Prirodno odabiranje">prirodnom odabiranju</a> koje je favoriziralo kraće kljove<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> i nestajanju kljova.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koža">Koža</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak "Koža"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Koža">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Forest_elephant_group_4_(6987537249).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Forest_elephant_group_4_%286987537249%29.jpg/220px-Forest_elephant_group_4_%286987537249%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Forest_elephant_group_4_%286987537249%29.jpg/330px-Forest_elephant_group_4_%286987537249%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Forest_elephant_group_4_%286987537249%29.jpg/440px-Forest_elephant_group_4_%286987537249%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Afrički šumski slon koji kožu prekriva blatom</figcaption></figure> Koža slona je uglavnom vrlo žilava, debljine 2,5 cm, na leđima i dijelovima glave. Koža oko usta, <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anusa</a> i unutar uha znatno je tanja. Slonovi obično imaju sivu kožu, ali afrički izgledaju smeđe ili crvenkaste boje, nakon što se uvaljaju u obojeno blato. Azijski slonovi imaju depigmentirane dijelove, posebno na čelu i ušima i okolnim područjima. Telad ima smećkastu ili crvenkastu dlaku, posebno na glavi i leđima. Kako slonovi sazrijevaju, njihova dlaka potamni i postaje rjeđa, ali guste koncentracije dlake i dlačica ostaju na kraju repa, kao i na bradi <a href="/wiki/Spolni_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Spolni organ">genitalijama</a> i područjima oko očiju i ušnog otvora. Koža azijskog slona obično je prekrivena sa više dlaka od svog afričkog.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani66-27">[27]</a> Slon koristi blato kao kremu za sunčanje, štiteći kožu od <a href="/wiki/UV_zrake" class="mw-redirect" title="UV zrake">ultraljubičastog</a> svjetla. Iako je žilava, slonova koža je vrlo osjetljiva. Bez redovnih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blatna_kupka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blatna kupka (stranica ne postoji)">blatnih kupki</a> kako bi je zaštitili od opeklina, uboda insekata i gubitka vlage, slonovska koža trpi ozbiljna oštećenja. Nakon kupanja, slon će obično trupom otpuhati prašinu sa tijela i ona se isuši u zaštitnu koru. Slonovi imaju poteškoće s ispuštanjem toplote kroz kožu zbog svog niskog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omjera_povr%C5%A1ine_i_zapremine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omjera površine i zapremine (stranica ne postoji)">omjera površime i zapremine</a>, koji je mnogo puta manji od ljudskog. Čak su primijećeni da podižu noge, verovatno u pokušaju da tabane izlože zraku.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani66-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noge,_kretanje_i_držanje">Noge, kretanje i držanje</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak "Noge, kretanje i držanje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Noge, kretanje i držanje">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephant_Walking_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Elephant_Walking_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="257" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>Kretanje azijskog slona</figcaption></figure> Kako bi poduprli težinu tijela, slonovi udovi su postavljeni vertikalnije ispod tijela kod većine ostalih sisara. Duge kosti udova imaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spu%C5%BEvasta_kost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spužvasta kost (stranica ne postoji)">spužvastu kost</a> umjesto <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0r%C5%BEna_%C5%A1upljina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šržna šupljina (stranica ne postoji)">sržne šupljine</a>. Ovo jača kosti, a istovremeno omogućava <a href="/wiki/Hematopoeza" title="Hematopoeza">hematopoezu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani69-28">[28]</a> I prednji i stražnji udovi mogu podnijeti težinu slona, iako 60% nose prednji.<a href="#cite_note-cushion-29">[29]</a> Budući da su kosti udova postavljene jedna na drugu i ispod tijela, slon može stajati mirno duže vrijeme, bez trošenja puno energije. Slonovi nisu sposobni rotirati prednje noge, jer su <a href="/wiki/Ulna" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulna">ulna</a> i <a href="/wiki/Radijus_(kost)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radijus (kost)">radijus</a> fiksirani u <a href="/wiki/Pronacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronacija">pronaciji</a>; "dlan" manusa okrenut je unatrag.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani69-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mišić">Mišići</a> musculus pronator quadratus i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musculus_pronator_teres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musculus pronator teres (stranica ne postoji)">musculus pronator teres</a> su ili smanjeni ili odsutni.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Kružna stopala slona imaju mehka tkiva ili "jastučiće" ispod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manus_(anatomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manus (anatomija (stranica ne postoji)">manusa</a>] ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pes_(anatomija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pes (anatomija) (stranica ne postoji)">pesa</a>, koji raspoređuju težinu životinja.<a href="#cite_note-cushion-29">[29]</a> Čini se da imaju <a href="/wiki/Sezamoidna_kost" class="mw-redirect" title="Sezamoidna kost">sezamoidni</a>, dodatni "nožni prst", sličan po položaju dodatnom "palcu" <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantska_panda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gigantska panda (stranica ne postoji)">gigantske pande</a>, koji također pomaže u raspodjela težine.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Na prednjim i stražnjim stopalima može se naći čak pet nožnih noktiju. Slonovi se mogu kretati i naprijed i nazad, ali ne mogu trčati u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kas (stranica ne postoji)">kas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skakanje" title="Skakanje">skakati</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galop (stranica ne postoji)">galopirati</a>. Pri kretanju po kopnu koriste samo dva tipa hoda: obični hod i brz hod, sličan trčanju.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani69-28">[28]</a> U hodu noge djeluju kao njihala, dok se kukovi i ramena podižu i spuštaju dok je stopalo postavljeno na tlo. Bez "zračne faze", brzi hod ne ispunjava sve kriterije trčanja, iako slon koristi noge poput ostalih životinja koje trče, dok se <a href="/wiki/Kuk" title="Kuk">kukovi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">ramena</a> spuštaju, a zatim se dižu dok su noge na zemlji.<a href="#cite_note-kinetics-32">[32]</a> Izgleda kao da slonovi koji se brzo kreću "trče" prednjim, ali "hodaju" zadnjim nogama i mogu postići maksimalnu brzinu od 25 km / h.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33">[33]</a> Pri ovoj brzini, većina ostalih <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda">četveronožaca</a> već je u galopu, čak uzimajući u obzir i dužinu nogu. Proljetna kinetika mogla bi objasniti razliku između kretanja slonova i drugih životinja.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33">[33]</a> Tokom kretanja jastučići šire i skupljaju te smanjuju bol i buku koji bi dolazili od vrlo teške životinje koja se kreće.<a href="#cite_note-cushion-29">[29]</a> Slonovi su sposobni plivači. Snimljeni su kako plivaju do šest sati bez dodirivanja dna, a prešli su čak 48 km u jednom potezu i brzinama do 2,1 km / h.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organi">Organi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak "Organi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Organi">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Em_-_Loxodonta_africana_heart_-_GMZ_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Em_-_Loxodonta_africana_heart_-_GMZ_2.jpg/220px-Em_-_Loxodonta_africana_heart_-_GMZ_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Em_-_Loxodonta_africana_heart_-_GMZ_2.jpg/330px-Em_-_Loxodonta_africana_heart_-_GMZ_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Em_-_Loxodonta_africana_heart_-_GMZ_2.jpg/440px-Em_-_Loxodonta_africana_heart_-_GMZ_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Srce afričkog slona u tegli</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Mozak" title="Mozak">Mozak</a> slona teži otprilike 4,5 – 5,5 kg, u poređenju sa 1,6 kg ljudskog mozga. Iako je mozak slona sveukupno veći, proporcionalno je manji. Pri rođenju, mozak slona već teži 30-40% težine odrasle jedinke. <a href="/wiki/Cerebrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebrum">Cerebrum</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebellum">cerebellum</a> su dobro razvijeni, a <a href="/wiki/Sljepoo%C4%8Dni_re%C5%BEanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sljepoočni režanj">sljepoočni režanj</a> su toliko veliki da se lateralno izboče.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani78-35">[35]</a> Grlo slona ima vrećicu u kojoj se može čuvati voda za kasniju upotrebu.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grkljan" title="Grkljan">grkljan</a> je najveći poznati među sisarima. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokalni_nabor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokalni nabor (stranica ne postoji)">Vokalni nabori</a> su dugi i pričvršćeni su blizu bazu <a href="/wiki/Epiglotis" title="Epiglotis">epiglotisa</a>. Kada se uspoređuju glasovni nabori slona sa ljudskim, slonovi su duži, deblji i imaju veću površinu presjeka. Pored toga, nagnuti su za 45 stepeni i postavljeni su ispred od glasnih nabora čoveka.<a href="#cite_note-vibratorypatterns-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Srce" title="Srce">Srce</a> slona teži 12 – 21 kg. Ima dvostruko zašiljen <a href="/wiki/Srce" title="Srce">srcasti vrh</a>, neobičnu osobinu kod sisara.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani78-35">[35]</a> Pored toga, <a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%8Dana_komora" title="Srčana komora">komore</a> odvajaju se pri vrhu srca, što osobina koju dijele sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirenia (stranica ne postoji)">Sireniama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Cavendish-37">[37]</a> Kad stoji, srce slona kuca otprilike 30 puta u minuti. Za razliku od mnogih drugih životinja, kada slon leži, broj otkucaja srca ubrzava se za 8 do 10 otkucaja u minuti.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Krvni_sud" title="Krvni sud">Krvni sudovi</a> u većini tijela su široki i debeli i mogu podnijeti visoki <a href="/wiki/Krvni_pritisak" title="Krvni pritisak">krvni pritisak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Cavendish-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">Pluća</a> su pričvršćena za <a href="/wiki/Dijafragma" title="Dijafragma">dijafragmu</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Disanje" title="Disanje">disanje</a> se uglavnom oslanja na dijafragmu, a ne na širenje <a href="/wiki/Grudni_ko%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Grudni koš">grudog koša</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani78-35">[35]</a> Umjesto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleurska_%C5%A1upljina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleurska šupljina (stranica ne postoji)">pleurske šupljine</a> imaju <a href="/wiki/Vezivno_tkivo" title="Vezivno tkivo">vezivno tkivo</a>. To životinji može omogućiti da se nosi sa razlikama pritiska kada je njeno tijelo pod vodom, a surla viri napovršini zbog zraka,<a href="#cite_note-snorkel-39">[39]</a> iako je ovo objašnjenje dovedeno u pitanje.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Druga moguća funkcija ove prilagodbe je da pomaže životinji da usisava vodu kroz surlu.<a href="#cite_note-snorkel-39">[39]</a> Slonovi uglavnom udišu kroz surlu, iako dio zraka prolazi kroz usta. Imaju sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernentacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernentacija (stranica ne postoji)">fermentacije</a> u zadnjem crijevu, a njihova debela i tanka crijeva zajedno dosežu dužinu od 35 m. Većina unosa hrane prođe neprobavljeno unatoč procesu koji traje i jedan dan.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani78-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sjemenici" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjemenici">Testisi</a> muškog slona nalaze se unutar, u blizini <a href="/wiki/Bubreg" title="Bubreg">bubrega</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">Penis</a> može biti dug i 100 cm, prečnika u bazi od 16 cm. Ima oblik S kada je potpuno uspravan i ima Y-noliki otvor. Ženka ima dobro razvijen <a href="/wiki/Klitoris" title="Klitoris">klitoris</a> visine do 40 cm. <a href="/wiki/Vulva" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulva">Vulva</a> se nalazi između stražnjih nogu, umjesto u blizini repa, kao kod većine sisara. Utvrđivanje stanja trudnoće može biti teško zbog velike <a href="/wiki/Trbu%C5%A1na_%C5%A1upljina" title="Trbušna šupljina">trbušne šupljine</a>[ životinje. <a href="/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_%C5%BElijezda" title="Mliječna žlijezda">Mliječne žlijezde</a> ženke zauzimaju prostor između prednjih nogu, što omogućava dojenje teleta na dohvat surle.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani78-35">[35]</a> Slonovi imaju jedinstveni organ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temporin (stranica ne postoji)">sljepoočnu žlijezdu</a>, na obje strane glave. Ovaj je organ povezan sa seksualnim ponašanjem, a mužjaci iz njega izlučuju tekućinu kada su u fazi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Must&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Must (stranica ne postoji)">musta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Također primijećene su i ženke sa izlučevinama iz sljepoočnih žlijezda.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar149-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osnovna_tjelesna_temperatura">Osnovna tjelesna temperatura</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak "Osnovna tjelesna temperatura"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Osnovna tjelesna temperatura">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Srednja temperatura tijela u prosjeku je otprilike 35,9 °C , slično onoj kod čovjeka. Kao i svi sisari, slon može povisiti ili sniziti temperaturu za nekoliko stepeni od proseka kao odgovor na ekstremne uslove okoline.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani78-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taksonomija_i_filogenija">Taksonomija i filogenija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak "Taksonomija i filogenija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Taksonomija i filogenija">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0em; width: 248px; float: right; clear: right; vertical-align: middle"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #dedede; padding: 3px"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3262796">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (stranica ne postoji)">Afrotheria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afroinsectiphilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afroinsectiphilia (stranica ne postoji)">Afroinsectiphilia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubulidentata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubulidentata (stranica ne postoji)">Tubulidentata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orycteropodidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orycteropodidae (stranica ne postoji)">Orycteropodidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Aardvark2_(PSF)_colourised.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png/60px-Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png/90px-Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png/120px-Aardvark2_%28PSF%29_colourised.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="320" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afroinsectivora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afroinsectivora (stranica ne postoji)">Afroinsectivora</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroscelidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroscelidea (stranica ne postoji)">Macroscelidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroscelididae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroscelididae (stranica ne postoji)">Macroscelididae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg/50px-Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg/75px-Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg/100px-Rhynchocyon_chrysopygus-J_Smit_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="283" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrosoricida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrosoricida (stranica ne postoji)">Afrosoricida</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrysochloridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrysochloridae (stranica ne postoji)">Chrysochloridae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:The_animal_kingdom,_arranged_according_to_its_organization,_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_(Pl._18)_(Chrysochloris_asiatica).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg/50px-The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg/75px-The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg/100px-The_animal_kingdom%2C_arranged_according_to_its_organization%2C_serving_as_a_foundation_for_the_natural_history_of_animals_%28Pl._18%29_%28Chrysochloris_asiatica%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="291" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenrecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenrecidae (stranica ne postoji)">Tenrecidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_(1876)_(Tenrec_ecaudatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg/50px-Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg/75px-Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg/100px-Brehms_Thierleben_-_Allgemeine_Kunde_des_Thierreichs_%281876%29_%28Tenrec_ecaudatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="369" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paenungulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paenungulata (stranica ne postoji)">Paenungulata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyrax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyrax (stranica ne postoji)">Hyracoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyrax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyrax (stranica ne postoji)">Procaviidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg/50px-DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg/75px-DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg/100px-DendrohyraxEminiSmit_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="382" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tethytheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tethytheria (stranica ne postoji)">Tethytheria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proboscidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proboscidea (stranica ne postoji)">Proboscidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephantidae">Elephantidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephant_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Elephant_white_background.png/70px-Elephant_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Elephant_white_background.png/105px-Elephant_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Elephant_white_background.png/140px-Elephant_white_background.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="415" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirenia (stranica ne postoji)">Sirenia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugongidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugongidae (stranica ne postoji)">Dugongidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg/60px-Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg/90px-Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg/120px-Dugong_dugon_Hardwicke_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="248" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichechidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichechidae (stranica ne postoji)">Trichechidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Manatee_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/60px-Manatee_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/90px-Manatee_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/120px-Manatee_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="247" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; width: 248px; border: 0; padding: 0;">Kladogram slonova unutar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (stranica ne postoji)">Afrotheria</a>, zasnovan na molekulskim dokazima<a href="#cite_note-tabuce-43">[43]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0em; width: 248px; float: right; clear: right; vertical-align: middle"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #dedede; padding: 3px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proboscidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proboscidea (stranica ne postoji)">Proboscidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> early proboscideans, e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moeritherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moeritherium (stranica ne postoji)">Moeritherium</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Moeritherium_NT_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Moeritherium_NT_small.jpg/70px-Moeritherium_NT_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Moeritherium_NT_small.jpg/105px-Moeritherium_NT_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Moeritherium_NT_small.jpg/140px-Moeritherium_NT_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deinotheriidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deinotheriidae (stranica ne postoji)">Deinotheriidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Deinotherium12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deinotherium12.jpg/70px-Deinotherium12.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deinotherium12.jpg/105px-Deinotherium12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deinotherium12.jpg/140px-Deinotherium12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3191" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephantiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephantiformes (stranica ne postoji)">Elephantiformes</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammutidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammutidae (stranica ne postoji)">Mammutidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:BlankMastodon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/70px-BlankMastodon.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/105px-BlankMastodon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/140px-BlankMastodon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="925" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomphotheriidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomphotheriidae (stranica ne postoji)">Gomphotheriidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg/70px-Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg/105px-Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg/140px-Gomphotherium_NT_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stegodontidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stegodontidae (stranica ne postoji)">Stegodontidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Stegodon_Siwalik_Hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Stegodon_Siwalik_Hills.jpg/110px-Stegodon_Siwalik_Hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Stegodon_Siwalik_Hills.jpg/165px-Stegodon_Siwalik_Hills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Stegodon_Siwalik_Hills.jpg/220px-Stegodon_Siwalik_Hills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="799" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephantidae">Elephantidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Loxodonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxodonta">Loxodonta</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg/70px-Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg/105px-Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg/140px-Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Mammuthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammuthus">Mammuthus</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg/70px-Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg/105px-Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg/140px-Mammuthus_trogontherii122DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1781" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephas (stranica ne postoji)">Elephas</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephas_maximus_(Bandipur).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/70px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/105px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/140px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="1732" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; width: 248px; border: 0; padding: 0;">Filogenija Proboscidea na temelju gornjih kutnjaka.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0em; width: 248px; float: right; clear: right; vertical-align: middle"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #dedede; padding: 3px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephantimorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephantimorpha (stranica ne postoji)">Elephantimorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephantidae">Elephantidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammuthus_primigenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammuthus primigenius (stranica ne postoji)">Mammuthus primigenius</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Woolly_mammoth_model_Royal_BC_Museum_in_Victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Woolly_mammoth_model_Royal_BC_Museum_in_Victoria.jpg/50px-Woolly_mammoth_model_Royal_BC_Museum_in_Victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Woolly_mammoth_model_Royal_BC_Museum_in_Victoria.jpg/75px-Woolly_mammoth_model_Royal_BC_Museum_in_Victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Woolly_mammoth_model_Royal_BC_Museum_in_Victoria.jpg/100px-Woolly_mammoth_model_Royal_BC_Museum_in_Victoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammuthus_columbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammuthus columbi (stranica ne postoji)">Mammuthus columbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Archidiskodon_imperator121.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Archidiskodon_imperator121.jpg/50px-Archidiskodon_imperator121.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Archidiskodon_imperator121.jpg/75px-Archidiskodon_imperator121.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Archidiskodon_imperator121.jpg/100px-Archidiskodon_imperator121.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="2014" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephas_maximus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephas maximus (stranica ne postoji)">Elephas maximus</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephas_maximus_(Bandipur).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/50px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/75px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg/100px-Elephas_maximus_%28Bandipur%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="1732" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loxodonta_cyclotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loxodonta cyclotis (stranica ne postoji)">Loxodonta cyclotis</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:L%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_de_for%C3%AAt_d%27Afrique_(Loxodonta_cyclotis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/L%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_de_for%C3%AAt_d%27Afrique_%28Loxodonta_cyclotis%29.jpg/50px-L%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_de_for%C3%AAt_d%27Afrique_%28Loxodonta_cyclotis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/L%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_de_for%C3%AAt_d%27Afrique_%28Loxodonta_cyclotis%29.jpg/75px-L%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_de_for%C3%AAt_d%27Afrique_%28Loxodonta_cyclotis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/L%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_de_for%C3%AAt_d%27Afrique_%28Loxodonta_cyclotis%29.jpg/100px-L%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_de_for%C3%AAt_d%27Afrique_%28Loxodonta_cyclotis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3078" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeoloxodon_antiquus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeoloxodon antiquus (stranica ne postoji)">Palaeoloxodon antiquus</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephas-antiquus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Elephas-antiquus.jpg/50px-Elephas-antiquus.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Elephas-antiquus.jpg/75px-Elephas-antiquus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Elephas-antiquus.jpg/100px-Elephas-antiquus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="593" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Loxodonta_africana" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxodonta africana">Loxodonta africana</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg/50px-Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg/75px-Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg/100px-Elephant_in_Tanzania_0882_Nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammut_americanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammut americanum (stranica ne postoji)">Mammut americanum</a> <a href="/wiki/Datoteka:BlankMastodon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/50px-BlankMastodon.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/75px-BlankMastodon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BlankMastodon.jpg/100px-BlankMastodon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="925" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; width: 248px; border: 0; padding: 0;">Filogenija modernih slonova i bliskih izumrlih srodnika na osnovu molekulskih dokaza </td></tr></tbody></table> Slonovi pripadaju porodici <a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephantidae">Elephantidae</a>, jedinoj preostaloj porodici iz reda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proboscidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proboscidea (stranica ne postoji)">Proboscidea</a>, koja pripada nadredu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (stranica ne postoji)">Afrotheria</a>. Njihovi najbliži <a href="/wiki/Postoje%C4%87i_takson" class="mw-redirect" title="Postojeći takson">postojeći</a> stodnici su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirenia (stranica ne postoji)">Sirenia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugong (stranica ne postoji)">dugonzi</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manateje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manateje (stranica ne postoji)">manateje</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiraks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiraks (stranica ne postoji)">hiraksi</a>, s kojima dijele <a href="/wiki/Kladus" title="Kladus">kladus</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paenungulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paenungulata (stranica ne postoji)">Paenungulata</a>, unutar nadreda [[Afrotheria.<a href="#cite_note-Ozawa-44">[44]</a> Slonovi i sirenije dalje su grupirani u kladus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tethytheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tethytheria (stranica ne postoji)">Tethytheria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ozawa2-45">[45]</a> Prepoznate su tri vrste slonova; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afri%C4%8Dki_grmljanski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrički grmljanski slon (stranica ne postoji)">afrički grmljanski slon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loxodonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxodonta">Loxodonta</a> africana) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afri%C4%8Dki_%C5%A1umski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrički šumski slon (stranica ne postoji)">šumski slon</a> ( Loxodonta cyclotis ) <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">podsaharski savanski</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azijski_slon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azijski slon (stranica ne postoji)">azijski slon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Elephas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elephas (stranica ne postoji)">Elephas</a> maximus) iz <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Azija" title="Južna Azija">Južne</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jugoisto%C4%8Dna_Azija" title="Jugoistočna Azija">Jugoistočne Azije</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MSW3-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolucija_i_izumrli_srodnici">Evolucija i izumrli srodnici</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odlomak "Evolucija i izumrli srodnici"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Evolucija i izumrli srodnici">uredi izvor</a>]</div> Zabilježeno je preko 180 izumrlih članova i tri glavne grane <a href="/wiki/Adaptivna_radijacija" title="Adaptivna radijacija">evolucijske radijacije</a> iz reda Proboscidea.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Prvu radijaciju najavili su najraniji proboscidi, afrički <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eritherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eritherium (stranica ne postoji)">Eritherium</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphatherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphatherium (stranica ne postoji)">Phosphatherium</a>, iz kasnog <a href="/wiki/Paleocen" title="Paleocen">paleocena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gheerbrant-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eocen" title="Eocen">Eocen</a> je obuhvatao oblike <a href="/w/index.php?title=Numidotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numidotherium (stranica ne postoji)">Numidotherium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moeritherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moeritherium (stranica ne postoji)">Moeritherium</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barytherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barytherium (stranica ne postoji)">Barytherium</a> iz Afrike. Te su životinje bile relativno male i vodene. Kasnije su nastali rodovi kao što su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phiomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phiomia (stranica ne postoji)">Phiomia</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeomastodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeomastodon (stranica ne postoji)">Palaeomastodon</a>; potonji su vjerovatno naseljavali šume i otvorene šume. Tokom <a href="/wiki/Oligocen" title="Oligocen">oligocena</a>, raznolikost proboscida je opala.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Jedna značajna vrsta ove epohe bila je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eritreum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eritreum (stranica ne postoji)">Eritreum</a> melakeghebrekristosi sa <a href="/wiki/Rog_Afrike" title="Rog Afrike">Roga Afrike</a>, koji je možda bio predak nekoliko kasnijih vrsta.<a href="#cite_note-link-50">[50]</a> Na početku <a href="/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen">miocena</a> dogodila se druga diverzifikacija, pojavom porodica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deinotheriidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deinotheriidae (stranica ne postoji)">Deinotheriidae</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammutidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammutidae (stranica ne postoji)">Mammutidae</a>. Prvi su bili u srodstvu s rodom Barytherium i živjeli su u Africi i Evroaziji,<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar17-51">[51]</a>, dok su drugi vjerovatno potjecali od oblika Eritreum<a href="#cite_note-link-50">[50]</a> i proširili se u Sjevernu Ameriku.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar17-51">[51]</a> Druga <a href="/wiki/Adaptivna_radijacija" title="Adaptivna radijacija">radijacija</a> predstavljena je pojavljivanjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomfotera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomfotera (stranica ne postoji)">gomfotera</a> u <a href="/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen">miocenu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar17-51">[51]</a> koje su vjerovatno evoluirale iz Eritreuma <a href="#cite_note-link-50">[50]</a> i potekle iz Afrike, šireći se na sve kontinente, osim Australije i <a href="/wiki/Antarktik" title="Antarktik">Antarktika</a>. Članovi ove grupe uključivali su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomphotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomphotherium (stranica ne postoji)">Gomphotherium</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platybelodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platybelodon (stranica ne postoji)">Platybelodon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar17-51">[51]</a> Treća <a href="/wiki/Adaptacijska_radijacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptacijska radijacija">adaptacijska radijacija</a> započele je u kasnom miocenu i dovela do dolaska slonova, koje su potiču iz gomfotera i polahko ih zamjenjuju.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Od afričkih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primelephas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primelephas (stranica ne postoji)">Primelephas</a> gomphotheroides nastali su rodovi Loxodonta, Mammuthus i Elephas. Loxodonta se najranije razgranala oko granice miocena i <a href="/wiki/Pliocen" title="Pliocen">pliocen</a> a, dok su se Mammuthus i Elephas razišli kasnije tokom ranog pliocena. Rod Loxodonta je ostao u Africi, dok su se Mammuthus i Elephas proširili na Evroaziju, a prvi su stigli do Sjeverne Amerike. U isto vrijeme, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stegodontidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stegodontidae (stranica ne postoji)">Stegodontidae</a>, još jedna proboscidna grupa koja je potekla od gomfotera, raširila se po Aziji, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Indijski_potkontinent" title="Indijski potkontinent">Indijski potkontinent</a>, Kinu, jugoistočnu Aziju i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Mammutidi su nastavili da se razvijaju u nove vrste, kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mastodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastodon (stranica ne postoji)">američki mastodon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Na početku <a href="/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen">pleistocena</a>, elefantide su imalele visoku stopu <a href="/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija">specijacije</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sukmar44-54">[54]</a> U pleistocenu se također pojavio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeoloxodon_namadicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeoloxodon namadicus (stranica ne postoji)">Palaeoloxodon namadicus</a> , najveći kopneni sisar svih vremena.<a href="#cite_note-Larramendi,_A._2015-1">[1]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loxodonta_atlantica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loxodonta atlantica (stranica ne postoji)">Loxodonta atlantica</a> postala je najčešća vrsta u sjevernoj i južnoj Africi, ali je kasnije u pleistocenu zamijenjena vrstom "Elephas iolensis". Tek kada je "Elephas" nestao iz Afrike, "Loxodonta" je ponovo postala dominantna, ovaj put u obliku moderne vrste. Elefasi su se diverzificirali u nove vrste u Aziji, kao što su E.  hysudricus i E. platycephus;<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar28-55">[55]</a> potonji je vjerovatni predak modernog azijskog slona.<a href="#cite_note-Sukmar44-54">[54]</a> Mammuthus evoluirao je u nekoliko vrsta, uključujući dobro poznatu vrstu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vunasti_mamut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vunasti mamut (stranica ne postoji)">vunasti mamut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar28-55">[55]</a> Čini se da su ukrštanja bila je uobičajena među vrstama elefantida, što je u nekim slučajevima dovelo do vrsta sa tri predačke genetičke komponente, kao što je kod Palaeoloxodon antiquus.<a href="#cite_note-Palkopoulou-56">[56]</a> U <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasni_pliocen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasni pliocen (stranica ne postoji)">kasnom pleistocenu</a>, većina proboscidnih vrsta nestala je tokom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvartarna_glacijacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvartarna glacijacija (stranica ne postoji)">kvartarnog zaleđivanja</a> koje je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvartarno_izumiranje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvartarno izumiranje (stranica ne postoji)">odnijelo</a> 50% rodova težine preko 5 kg, širom svijeta.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Proboscide su imale nekoliko evolucijskih trendova, poput povećanja veličine, što je dovelo do mnogih gigantskih vrsta koje su bile visoke do 500 cm. Kao i kod drugih <a href="/wiki/Biljojedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Biljojedi">megaherbivore</a>, uključujući izumrle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauropoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sauropoda (stranica ne postoji)">sauropodne</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaur">dinosaure</a>, velie dimenzije slonova su se vjerovatno razvila kako bi im omogućila preživljavanje u vegetaciji s niskom hranjivom vrijednošću.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Their limbs grew longer and the feet shorter and broader.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Stopala su prvobitno bila <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plantigradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plantigradi (stranica ne postoji)">plantigradna</a> i razvijena su u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digitigradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digitigradi (stranica ne postoji)">digitagradni</a> stav sa jastučićima i <a href="/wiki/Sezamoidna_kost" class="mw-redirect" title="Sezamoidna kost">seizmoidnim kostima</a> koju pružaju potporu.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Rani proboscidi razvili su duže <a href="/wiki/Donja_vilica" title="Donja vilica">mandibule</a> i manje <a href="/wiki/Lobanja" title="Lobanja">lobanje</a>, dok su oni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinapomorfija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinapomorfija (stranica ne postoji)">izvedeni</a> razvili kraće mandibule, što je pomaknulo <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEi%C5%A1te" title="Težište">težište</a> glave. Kranij je postao veći, posebno lobanja, dok se vrat skratio da bi pružio bolju potporu lobanji. Povećanje veličine dovelo je do razvoja i produženja mobilne surle, kako bi se osigurao doseg. Broj <a href="/wiki/Pretkutnjak" title="Pretkutnjak">pretkutnjaka</a>, sjekutića i <a href="/wiki/O%C4%8Dnjak_(zub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Očnjak (zub)">očnjaka</a> se smanjio.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Zubi obraza (kutnjaci i pretkutnjaci) postali su veći i specijaliziraniji, posebno nakon što su slonovi počeli prelaziti na hranu biljama sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=C3_fiksacija_ugljenika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C3 fiksacija ugljenika (stranica ne postoji)">C3-fiksacijom</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=C4_fiksacija_ugljenika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C4 fiksacija ugljenika (stranica ne postoji)">trava sa fiksacijom C4</a>, što je prouzrokovalo trostruko povećanje visine zuba kao i značajno umnožavanje lamela, prije oko pet miliona godina. Tek u posljednjih milion godina ili tako nekako, vratili su se ishrani koja se uglavnom sastojala od drveća i grmlja sa C3 fiksacijom.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Gornji drugi sjekutići prerasli su u kljove koje su se razlikovale u obliku od pravih, do zakrivljenih (bilo prema gore ili prema dolje), do spirala, ovisno o vrsti. Neki su proboscidi razvili kljove na donjim sjekutićima.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-5">[5]</a> Slonovi zadržavaju određene karakteristike svog vodenog pretka, poput anatomije <a href="/wiki/Srednje_uho" title="Srednje uho">srednjeg uha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-snorkel-39">[39]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Porodica afričkih grmljanskih slonova: uočiti zaštićeni položaj mladunaca u sredini grupe"><img alt="Porodica afričkih grmljanskih slonova: uočiti zaštićeni položaj mladunaca u sredini grupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg/200px-Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg/300px-Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg/400px-Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Porodica afričkih grmljanskih slonova: uočiti zaštićeni položaj mladunaca u sredini grupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Asian_Elephant_at_Corbett_National_Park_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Usamljeni mužjak: Odrasli mužjaci provode većinu vremena sami ili u jednospolnim grupama"><img alt="Usamljeni mužjak: Odrasli mužjaci provode većinu vremena sami ili u jednospolnim grupama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Asian_Elephant_at_Corbett_National_Park_15.jpg/200px-Asian_Elephant_at_Corbett_National_Park_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Asian_Elephant_at_Corbett_National_Park_15.jpg/300px-Asian_Elephant_at_Corbett_National_Park_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Asian_Elephant_at_Corbett_National_Park_15.jpg/400px-Asian_Elephant_at_Corbett_National_Park_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Usamljeni mužjak: Odrasli mužjaci provode većinu vremena sami ili u jednospolnim grupama </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Forest_elephant_group_8_(6841413452).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sparing-borba mužjaka"><img alt="Sparing-borba mužjaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Forest_elephant_group_8_%286841413452%29.jpg/200px-Forest_elephant_group_8_%286841413452%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Forest_elephant_group_8_%286841413452%29.jpg/300px-Forest_elephant_group_8_%286841413452%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Forest_elephant_group_8_%286841413452%29.jpg/400px-Forest_elephant_group_8_%286841413452%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sparing-borba mužjaka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:2005-tusker-musth-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mužjak u mastu]]"><img alt="Mužjak u mastu]]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2005-tusker-musth-crop.jpg/93px-2005-tusker-musth-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2005-tusker-musth-crop.jpg/140px-2005-tusker-musth-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2005-tusker-musth-crop.jpg/186px-2005-tusker-musth-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="532" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mužjak u mastu]]</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parenje">Parenje</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odlomak "Parenje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Parenje">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephantsmating.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Elephantsmating.jpg/220px-Elephantsmating.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Elephantsmating.jpg/330px-Elephantsmating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Elephantsmating.jpg/440px-Elephantsmating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Parenje mužjaka u grupi ženki</figcaption></figure> Slonovi se pare u sistemu <a href="/wiki/Poliginija" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliginija">poliginije</a>,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kopulacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopulacija">kopulacije</a> najčešće su tokom vrhunca vlažne sezone.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Ženke u estrusu oslobađaju hemijske signale (<a href="/wiki/Feromon" title="Feromon">feromone</a>) u mokraći i vaginskom sekretu kako bi signalizirale spremnost za parenje. Bik će pratiti potencijalnu partnericu i procijeniti njezino stanje pomoću <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udvaranje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udvaranje (stranica ne postoji)">udvaračkog odgovora</a>, koji zahtijeva da mužjak surlom uzme hemijski uzorak i prinese ga u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vomeronosni_organ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vomeronosni organ (stranica ne postoji)">vomeronosni organ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Estrousni ciklus traje 14-16 sedmica sa 4-6 sedmica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folikulska_faza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folikulska faza (stranica ne postoji)">folikulske faze</a> i 8 do 10 sedmica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corpus_luteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corpus luteus (stranica ne postoji)">luteusne</a>. Dok većina sisara tokom folikulske faze, ima jedan talas <a href="/wiki/Luteiniziraju%C4%87i_hormon" title="Luteinizirajući hormon">luteinizirajućeg hormona</a>, slonovi imaju dva. Prvi (ili anovulacijski) nalet mogao bi mužjacima signalizirati da je ženka u estrusu, promjenom njenog mirisa, ali <a href="/wiki/Ovulacija" title="Ovulacija">ovulacija</a> se javlja tek kad se desi drugi (ili ovulacijski) talas..<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Fertility rates in cows decline around 45–50 years of age. Bikovi se ponašaju po obrascu poznatom kao čuvanje partnera, gdje prate estrousne ženke i brane ih od drugih mužjaka.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Većinu mužjaka čuvaju mast mužjaci (spremni za parenje), a ženke se aktivno trude da ih čuvaju, posebno starije. Stoga ovi bikovi imaju više reproduktivnog uspjeha.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar179-68">[68]</a> Čini se da ti mužjaci ženkama signaliziraju stanje mužjaka, jer slabi ili povrijeđeni mužjaci nemaju normalan mast.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Za mlade ženke pristup starijeg bika može biti zastrašujući, tako da njeni srodnici ostaju u blizini, kako bi pružili podršku i ohrabrenje.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani106-70">[70]</a> Tokom kopulacije, mužjak položi trup preko leđa ženke.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Penis je vrlo mobilan i može se kretati neovisno od karlice.<a href="#cite_note-FowlerMikota2006-72">[72]</a> Prije namještanja, zakrivljuje se naprijed i naviše. Kopulacija traje oko 45 sekundi i ne uključuje potisak <a href="/wiki/Karlica" title="Karlica">karlice</a> ili pauzu u <a href="/wiki/Ejakulacija" title="Ejakulacija">ejakulaciji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Estes-73">[73]</a> Slonova sperma mora plivati blizu 2 m da bi došla do <a href="/wiki/Jajna_%C4%87elija" title="Jajna ćelija">jajašca</a>. Poređenja radi, ljudska sperma mora plivati oko samo 76,2 mm.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Homoseksualnost" title="Homoseksualnost">Homoseksualno ponašanje</a> često je kod oba spola. Kao i kod heteroseksualnih interakcija, to uključuje namještanje. Muški slonovi se ponekad međusobno stimuliraju borbama i mogu se stvoriti "prvenstva" između starih bikova i mlađih mužjaka. Ženska istospolna ponašanja dokumentirana su samo u zatočeništvu, gdje je poznato da <a href="/wiki/Masturbacija" title="Masturbacija">se samozadovoljavaju</a> svojim surlama.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rađanje_i_razvoj">Rađanje i razvoj</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odlomak "Rađanje i razvoj"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Rađanje i razvoj">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/220px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/330px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/440px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Majka afričkog šumskog slona koja se kupa s mladuncem</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Trudno%C4%87a" title="Trudnoća">Trudnoća</a> kod slonova obično traje oko dvije godine s intervalima rađanja koji obično traju četiri do pet godina. Rađanja se obično odvijaju u vlažnoj sezoni.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Mladunci se rađaju sa visinom oko 85 cm , teški oko 120 kg.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani106-70">[70]</a> Obično se rodi samo jedan mladunac, ali ponekad se jave i blizanci.<a href="#cite_note-pregnancy-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Relativno duga trudnoća održava se putem pet <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDuto_tijelo" title="Žuto tijelo">žutij tijela</a> (za razliku od većine sisara) i daje fetusu više vremena za razvoj, posebno mozga i trupa.<a href="#cite_note-pregnancy-77">[77]</a> Kao takvi, novorođeni slonovi su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prekocijalnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prekocijalnost (stranica ne postoji)">prekocialni</a>, tj. brzo stanu i hodaju prateći majčino i porodično stado.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar126-79">[79]</a> Slonče obično je u središtu pažnje članova stada. Odrasli i većina ostalih mladih okupit će se oko novorođenčeta, dodirujući ga i milujući ga surlama. Prvih nekoliko dana majka je netolerantna prema ostalim članovima stada u blizini svojih mladunaca. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aloroditeljstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aloroditeljstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Aloroditeljstvo</a> – tamo gdje se o mladuncu brine neko drugi osim njegove majke – odvija se u nekim porodičnim grupama. Alomajke (pomajke) su obično uzrasta od dvije do dvanaest dodina.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani106-70">[70]</a> Prvih nekoliko dana novorođenče nije stabilno na nogama i potrebna mu je podrška majke. Oslanja se na dodir, miris i sluh, jer mu je vid slab. Ima malo precizne kontrole nad prtljažnikom, koji se migolji i može izazvati njegovo posrtanje. Do druge sedmice života, tele može čvršće hodati i ima veću kontrolu nad svojim trupom. Nakon prvog mjeseca, tele može podizati, držati i stavljati predmete u usta, ali ne može usisati vodu kroz deblo i mora piti direktno kroz usta. Još uvijek ovisi o majci i drži se blizu nje.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar126-79">[79]</a> Prva tri mjeseca slonče se u ishrani u potpunosti oslanja na majčino mlijeko, nakon čega počinje tražiti biljnu hranu i svojom surlom može sakupljati vodu. U isto vrijeme dolazi do poboljšanja u koordinaciji usana i nogu. Nastavljaju dojiti istom brzinom kao i prije svog šestog mjeseca, nakon čega postaju neovisniji pri hranjenju. Do devet mjeseci usavršava se koordinacija usta, surle i stopala. Nakon godinu dana, sposobni su samostalno da se njeguju, piju i hrane i potpuno se razvijaju. Majka mu još treba za prehranu i zaštitu od grabljivica još najmanje godinu dana. Napadi dojenja obično traju 2–4 min / h za tele mlađe od godinu dana i ono sisanje nastavlja dok ne navrši tri godine ili više. Sisanje nakon dvije godine može poslužiti za održavanje brzine rasta, tjelesnog stanja i reproduktivne sposobnosti.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar126-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pona%C5%A1anje" title="Ponašanje">Ponašanje</a> u vidu <a href="/wiki/Igra" title="Igra">igara</a> kod teladi razlikuje se među spolovima; ženke trče ili jure jedna drugu, dok se mužjaci igraju. Prvi su spolno zreli u dobi od devet godina, dok dmužjaci postaju zreli oko 14.-15. godine. Punoljetstvo počinje sa oko 18 godina u oba spola.<a href="#cite_note-Sukumar179-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Slonovi imaju dug životni vijek, dosežuči 60–70 godina.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani70-16">[16]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin Wang (stranica ne postoji)">Lin Wang</a>, zatočeni muški azijski slon, živio je 86 godina.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inteligencija_i_spoznaja">Inteligencija i spoznaja</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odlomak "Inteligencija i spoznaja"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Inteligencija i spoznaja">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv/220px--Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Datoteka:Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv/Insightful-Problem-Solving-in-an-Asian-Elephant-pone.0023251.s005.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption> Slon kotrlja blok kako bi mu omogućio da dođe do hrane</figcaption></figure> Slonovi ispoljavaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogledalni_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogledalni test (stranica ne postoji)">samoprepoznavanje u ogledalu</a>, pokazatelj <a href="/wiki/Svijest" title="Svijest">samosvijesti</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1ljenje" class="mw-redirect" title="Mišljenje">spoznaje</a>, što je također demonstrirano sa nekim <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjekoliki_majmuni" title="Čovjekoliki majmuni">majmunima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Delfini" class="mw-redirect" title="Delfini">delfinima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Jedna studija o zarobljenoj ženki azijskog slona sugerirala je da je životinja bila sposobna naučiti i razlikovati nekoliko vizuelnih i nekih akustičnih parova diskriminacije. Ova jedinka je čak uspjela postići visoku ocjenu preciznosti kada je godinu dana kasnije ponovo testirana sa istim vizuelnim parovima.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Slonovi su među vrstama za koje je poznato da koriste <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alate</a>. Zapaženo je da azijski slon modificira grane i koristi ih kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ure%C4%91aj_za_ubijanje_muha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uređaj za ubijanje muha (stranica ne postoji)">muhomlat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Modifikacija alata od strane ovih životinja nije toliko napredna kao kod <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cimpanze" title="Čimpanze">čimpanzi</a>. U narodu se za slonove smatra da imaju izvrsno pamćenje. Ovo bi moglo imati činjeničnu osnovu; oni možda imaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognitivna_mapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kognitivna mapa (stranica ne postoji)">kognitivnu mapu</a>, koja omogućava da pamte prostore velikih razmjera. tokom dugog vremenskog perioda. Čini se da pojedini mogu pratiti trenutnu lokaciju članova svoje.<a href="#cite_note-cognition-8">[8]</a> Naučnici raspravljaju u kojoj mjeri slonovi doživljavajuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osje%C4%87aj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osjećaj (stranica ne postoji)">osjećaje</a>. Čini se da pokazuju interes za kosti svoje vrste, bez obzira na to jesu li srodnici.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Kao i kod čimpanzi i delfina, slon koji umire ili kad ugine može izazvati pažnju i pomoć drugih, uključujući one iz drugih grupa. Ovo je protumačeno kao izražavanje "zabrinutosti", tj. ta ih se to tiče;<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> međutim, drugi bi osporili takvo tumačenje kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropomorfizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropomorfizam (stranica ne postoji)">antropomorfizam</a>;<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Oksfordski pratitelj ponašanja životinja (Oxford Companion to Animal Behaviour), (1987) savjetovao je da se "dobro preporučuje proučavanje ponašanja, umjesto pokušaja da se postigne bilo koja temeljna emocija".<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konzervacija">Konzervacija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi odlomak "Konzervacija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Konzervacija">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status">Status</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Uredi odlomak "Status"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Status">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3204985/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:396px;max-width:396px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent">Rasprostranjenje slonova</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:207px;max-width:207px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:African_Elephant_distribution_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/African_Elephant_distribution_map.svg/205px-African_Elephant_distribution_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/African_Elephant_distribution_map.svg/308px-African_Elephant_distribution_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/African_Elephant_distribution_map.svg/410px-African_Elephant_distribution_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1387" data-file-height="1292" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Afrički slon</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Asian_Elephant_area.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Asian_Elephant_area.png/183px-Asian_Elephant_area.png" decoding="async" width="183" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Asian_Elephant_area.png/275px-Asian_Elephant_area.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Asian_Elephant_area.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="303" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Azijski slon</div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">Međunarodna unija za zaštitu prirode</a> (IUCN), 2008., afričke slonove navodi kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranjive_vrste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranjive vrste (stranica ne postoji)">ranjive</a>, bez nezavisne procjene stanja zaštite dvije forme.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN-91">[91]</a> Godine 1979, Afrika je imala procijenjenu minimalnu populaciju od 1,3 miliona slonova, s mogućom gornjom granicom od 3,0  miliona. Do 1989., procjenjuje se da je taj broj bio 609.000; sa 277.000 u Centralnoj Africi, 110.000 u <a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Afrika" title="Istočna Afrika">istočnoj Africi</a>, 204.000 u <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Afrika" class="mw-disambig" title="Južna Afrika">Južna Afrika</a> i 19.000 u <a href="/wiki/Zapadna_Afrika" title="Zapadna Afrika">zapadnoj Africi</a>. Procijenjeno je da oko 214.000 slonova živi u prašumama, manje nego što se ranije mislilo. Od 1977. do 1989., u istočnoj Africi, populacija slonova smanjila se za 74%. Nakon 1987., gubici u broju slonova su se ubrzali, a populacije savana od <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kameruna</a> do <a href="/wiki/Somalija" title="Somalija">Somalije</a> zabilježile su pad od 80%. Afrički šumski slonovi imali su ukupan gubitak od 43%. Trendovi populacija u južnoj Africi bili su mješoviti, sa anegdotnim izvještajima o gubicima u <a href="/wiki/Zambija" title="Zambija">Zambiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambiku</a> i <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angoli</a>, dok je populacija rasla u <a href="/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana">Bocvani</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve">Zimbabveu</a> i bila stabilna u Južnoj Africi.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Suprotno tome, studije iz 2005. i 2007. godine pokazale su da se populacije u istočnoj i južnoj Africi povećavaju sa prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 4,0%.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN-91">[91]</a> Zbog ogromnih područja koja su uključena, procjena ukupne populacije afričkih slonova i dalje je teška i uključuje elemente nagađanja. IUCN procjenjuje da je za 2012. godinu bilo ukupno oko 440.000 jedinki, dok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saobra%C4%87aj_(program_za%C5%A1tite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saobraćaj (program zaštite) (stranica ne postoji)">PROMET</a> procjenjuje da se čak 55 njih svakodnevno krivolovi.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Afrički slonovi dobivaju barem neku pravnu zaštitu u svakoj zemlji u kojoj su pronađeni, ali 70% njihovog raspona postoji izvan zaštićenih područja. Uspješni napori na očuvanju u određenim područjima doveli su do velike gustoće populacije. Od 2008. godine lokalni brojevi kontrolirani su kontracepcijom ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premje%C5%A1tanje_vrsta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premještanje vrsta (stranica ne postoji)">premještanjem</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oduzimanje" title="Oduzimanje">Oduzimanje</a> velikih razmjera prestalo je 1988. godine, kada je Zimbabve napustio tu praksu. Godine 1989. afrički slon je naveden u Dodatku I <a href="/w/index.php?title=CITES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CITES (stranica ne postoji)">Konvencija o međunarodnoj trgovini ugroženim vrstama divlje faune i flore</a> (CITES), čineći trgovinu ilegalnom. Status Dodatka II (koji dozvoljava ograničenu trgovinu) dobili su slonovi u Bocvani, Namibiji i Zimbabveu 1997. i Južnoj Africi 2000. U nekim zemljama, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lov_na_trofeje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lov na trofeje (stranica ne postoji)">sportski lov</a> životinja je legalan; Bocvana, Kamerun, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, Mozambik, Namibija, Južna Afrika, <a href="/wiki/Tanzanija" title="Tanzanija">Tanzanija</a>, Zambija i Zimbabve imaju CITES izvozne kvote za trofeje slonova.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN-91">[91]</a> U junu 2016. godine, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prva_Dama_Kenije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prva Dama Kenije (stranica ne postoji)">Prva Dama Kenije</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Kenyatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Kenyatta (stranica ne postoji)">Margaret Kenyatta</a>, pomogla je u pokretanju Istočnoafričke kampanje za obrazovanje slonova, koju je organizovao zaštitnik slonova <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Nyamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Nyamu (stranica ne postoji)">Jim Nyamu</a>. Događaj je proveden radi podizanja svijesti o vrijednosti slonova i <a href="/wiki/Nosorog" title="Nosorog">nosoroga</a>, pomoći u ublažavanju sukoba između ljudi i slonova i promoviranja aktivnosti protiv krivolova.<a href="#cite_note-StarNews-95">[95]</a> U 2008., <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> je azijskog slona naveo kao <a href="/wiki/Ugro%C5%BEena_vrsta" title="Ugrožena vrsta">ugroženog</a> zbog pada populacije od 50% tokom proteklih 60–75 godina<a href="#cite_note-IUCN2-96">[96]</a> dok CITES navodi vrste u Dodatku I.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN2-96">[96]</a> Azijski slonovi nekada su se kretali od <a href="/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija">Sirije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraka</a> (podvrsta [[sirijski slon | Elephas maximus asurus ), do [[Kina|Kine (do <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDuta_rijeka" title="Žuta rijeka">Žute rijeke</a>) <a href="#cite_note-Shoshani174-97">[97]</a> i <a href="/wiki/Java" class="mw-disambig" title="Java">Jave</a>. Sada je na tim područjima izumrlo,<a href="#cite_note-IUCN2-96">[96]</a>, a postojeći raspon azijskih slonova vrlo je fragmentiran.<a href="#cite_note-Shoshani174-97">[97]</a> Procjenjuje se da ukupna populacija azijskih slonova iznosi oko 40.000–50.000, iako ovo može biti labava procjena. Vjerovatno je oko polovine te populacije u <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a>. Iako rojnost azijskih slonova općenito opada, posebno u jugoistočnoj Aziji, čini se da se populacija u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zapadni_Gati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapadni Gati (stranica ne postoji)">zapadnim Gatima</a> povećava.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN2-96">[96]</a> while CITES lists the species under Appendix I.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN2-96">[96]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elefantes_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Afrički slon u zoološkom vrtu, Barcelona"><img alt="Afrički slon u zoološkom vrtu, Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Elefantes_4.jpg/200px-Elefantes_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Elefantes_4.jpg/300px-Elefantes_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Elefantes_4.jpg/400px-Elefantes_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Afrički slon u zoološkom vrtu, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Terrific_flights_over_ponderous_elephants,_poster_for_Forepaugh_%5E_Sells_Brothers,_ca._1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cirkuski poster, oko 1900."><img alt="Cirkuski poster, oko 1900." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Terrific_flights_over_ponderous_elephants%2C_poster_for_Forepaugh_%5E_Sells_Brothers%2C_ca._1899.jpg/200px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Terrific_flights_over_ponderous_elephants%2C_poster_for_Forepaugh_%5E_Sells_Brothers%2C_ca._1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Terrific_flights_over_ponderous_elephants%2C_poster_for_Forepaugh_%5E_Sells_Brothers%2C_ca._1899.jpg/300px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Terrific_flights_over_ponderous_elephants%2C_poster_for_Forepaugh_%5E_Sells_Brothers%2C_ca._1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Terrific_flights_over_ponderous_elephants%2C_poster_for_Forepaugh_%5E_Sells_Brothers%2C_ca._1899.jpg/400px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Terrific_flights_over_ponderous_elephants%2C_poster_for_Forepaugh_%5E_Sells_Brothers%2C_ca._1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="931" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cirkuski poster, oko 1900.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blind_monks_examining_an_elephant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parabola o slonu i slijepim redovnicima; ilustrirao Hanabusa Itchō. (Ukiyo duborez, 1888)"><img alt="Parabola o slonu i slijepim redovnicima; ilustrirao Hanabusa Itchō. (Ukiyo duborez, 1888)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Blind_monks_examining_an_elephant.jpg/200px-Blind_monks_examining_an_elephant.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Blind_monks_examining_an_elephant.jpg/300px-Blind_monks_examining_an_elephant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Blind_monks_examining_an_elephant.jpg/400px-Blind_monks_examining_an_elephant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4030" data-file-height="2920" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parabola o slonu i slijepim redovnicima; ilustrirao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanabusa_Itch%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanabusa Itchō (stranica ne postoji)">Hanabusa Itchō</a>. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukiyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukiyo (stranica ne postoji)">Ukiyo</a> duborez, 1888)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elephant_,_the_five_rathas.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Slon u kamenu. 7. stoljeće Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu. (UNESCO Mjesta svjetske baštine)"><img alt="Slon u kamenu. 7. stoljeće Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu. (UNESCO Mjesta svjetske baštine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Elephant_%2C_the_five_rathas.JPG/200px-Elephant_%2C_the_five_rathas.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Elephant_%2C_the_five_rathas.JPG/300px-Elephant_%2C_the_five_rathas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Elephant_%2C_the_five_rathas.JPG/400px-Elephant_%2C_the_five_rathas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Slon u kamenu. 7. stoljeće <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahabalipuram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahabalipuram (stranica ne postoji)">Mahabalipuram</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Nadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil Nadu (stranica ne postoji)">Tamil Nadu</a>. (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mjesta_svjetske_ba%C5%A1tine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mjesta svjetske baštine (stranica ne postoji)">Mjesta svjetske baštine</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_(c1912).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ilustracija u drvorezu za "Slonovo dijete", autor Rudyard Kipling"><img alt="Ilustracija u drvorezu za "Slonovo dijete", autor Rudyard Kipling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png/200px-Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png/299px-Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png/399px-Illustration_at_p._73_in_Just_So_Stories_%28c1912%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="2138" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ilustracija u drvorezu za "Slonovo dijete", autor <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte">Također pogledajte</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sisari" title="Sisari">Sisari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmenjaci" title="Kičmenjaci">Kičmenjaci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surla%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surlaši (stranica ne postoji)">Surlaši</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Reference">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Larramendi,_A._2015-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._2015_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larramendi,_A._2015_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLarramendi_A2015" class="citation journal cs1">Larramendi A (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.00136.2014">"Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans"</a>. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.00136.2014">10.4202/app.00136.2014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Palaeontologica+Polonica&rft.atitle=Shoulder+height%2C+body+mass+and+shape+of+proboscideans&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4202%2Fapp.00136.2014&rft.au=Larramendi+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4202%252Fapp.00136.2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani68-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani68_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani68_2-1">b</a> Shoshani, pp. 68–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFSomgrid,_C." class="citation web cs1">Somgrid, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120613191055/http://www.asianelephantresearch.com/about-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p1.php#skeleton">"Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Skeletal system"</a>. Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianelephantresearch.com/about-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p1.php#skeleton">originala</a>, 13. 6. 2012. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elephant+Anatomy+and+Biology%3A+Skeletal+system&rft.pub=Elephant+Research+and+Education+Center%2C+Department+of+Companion+Animal+and+Wildlife+Clinics%2C+Faculty+of+Veterinary+Medicine%2C+Chiang+Mai+University&rft.au=Somgrid%2C+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianelephantresearch.com%2Fabout-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p1.php%23skeleton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Kingdon, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-evolution-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolution_5-12">m</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Shoshani, J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12/page/480">"Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task"</a>. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 13 (12): 480–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2898%2901491-8">10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21238404">21238404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Understanding+proboscidean+evolution%3A+a+formidable+task&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=480-87&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2898%2901491-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21238404&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1998-12_13_12%2Fpage%2F480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sense-6"><a href="#cite_ref-sense_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFSomgrid,_C." class="citation web cs1">Somgrid, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729045534/http://www.asianelephantresearch.com/about-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p4.php#Special">"Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Special sense organs"</a>. Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianelephantresearch.com/about-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p4.php#Special">originala</a>, 29. 7. 2013. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elephant+Anatomy+and+Biology%3A+Special+sense+organs&rft.pub=Elephant+Research+and+Education+Center%2C+Department+of+Companion+Animal+and+Wildlife+Clinics%2C+Faculty+of+Veterinary+Medicine%2C+Chiang+Mai+University&rft.au=Somgrid%2C+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianelephantresearch.com%2Fabout-elephant-anatomy-and-biology-p4.php%23Special&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFYokoyama,_S.Takenaka,_N.Agnew,_D._W.Shoshani,_J.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Yokoyama, S.; Takenaka, N.; Agnew, D. W.; Shoshani, J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449733">"Elephants and human color-blind deuteranopes have identical sets of visual pigments"</a>. Genetics. 170 (1): 335–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1534%2Fgenetics.104.039511">10.1534/genetics.104.039511</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449733">1449733</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15781694">15781694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Elephants+and+human+color-blind+deuteranopes+have+identical+sets+of+visual+pigments&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=335-44&rft.date=2005&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1449733%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15781694&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1534%2Fgenetics.104.039511&rft.au=Yokoyama%2C+S.&rft.au=Takenaka%2C+N.&rft.au=Agnew%2C+D.+W.&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1449733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cognition-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cognition_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cognition_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFByrne,_R._W.Bates,_L.Moss_C._J.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Byrne, R. W.; Bates, L.; Moss C. J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520205034/http://www.elephanttag.org/professional/Publications/Byrne_Bates_Moss_2009.pdf#">"Elephant cognition in primate perspective"</a> (PDF). Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews. 4: 65–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3819%2Fccbr.2009.40009">10.3819/ccbr.2009.40009</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elephanttag.org/professional/Publications/Byrne_Bates_Moss_2009.pdf">originala</a> (PDF), 20. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 14. 12. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Cognition+%26+Behavior+Reviews&rft.atitle=Elephant+cognition+in+primate+perspective&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=65-79&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3819%2Fccbr.2009.40009&rft.au=Byrne%2C+R.+W.&rft.au=Bates%2C+L.&rft.au=Moss+C.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elephanttag.org%2Fprofessional%2FPublications%2FByrne_Bates_Moss_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFNarasimhan,_A.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Narasimhan, A. (2008). "Why do elephants have big ear flaps?". Resonance. 13 (7): 638–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12045-008-0070-5">10.1007/s12045-008-0070-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resonance&rft.atitle=Why+do+elephants+have+big+ear+flaps%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=638-47&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12045-008-0070-5&rft.au=Narasimhan%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFReuter,_T.Nummela,_S.Hemilä,_S.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Reuter, T.; Nummela, S.; Hemilä, S. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121207065356/http://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/pdflib/Winter2005/Rodwell_Reuter_ele_ear.pdf">"Elephant hearing"</a> (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104 (2): 1122–23. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ASAJ..104.1122R">1998ASAJ..104.1122R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.423341">10.1121/1.423341</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9714930">9714930</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/%5C/pdflib/Winter2005/Rodwell_Reuter_ele_ear.pdf">originala</a> (PDF), 7. 12. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Elephant+hearing&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1122-23&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9714930&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1121%2F1.423341&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998ASAJ..104.1122R&rft.au=Reuter%2C+T.&rft.au=Nummela%2C+S.&rft.au=Hemil%C3%A4%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froadecology.ucdavis.edu%2F%255C%2Fpdflib%2FWinter2005%2FRodwell_Reuter_ele_ear.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani74-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani74_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani74_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani74_11-2">c</a> Shoshani, pp. 74–77. </li> <li id="cite_note-trunk-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trunk_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trunk_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_F.Niemitz_C.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, F.; Niemitz C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-comparative-psychology_2003-12_117_4/page/371">""Right-trunkers" and "left-trunkers": side preferences of trunk movements in wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)"</a>. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 117 (4): 371–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0735-7036.117.4.371">10.1037/0735-7036.117.4.371</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14717638">14717638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Psychology&rft.atitle=%22Right-trunkers%22+and+%22left-trunkers%22%3A+side+preferences+of+trunk+movements+in+wild+Asian+elephants+%28Elephas+maximus%29&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=371-79&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0735-7036.117.4.371&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14717638&rft.au=Martin%2C+F.&rft.au=Niemitz+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-comparative-psychology_2003-12_117_4%2Fpage%2F371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukumar149-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar149_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar149_13-1">b</a> Sukumar, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingdon9-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kingdon9_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingdon9_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingdon9_14-2">c</a> Kingdon, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-NS-15"><a href="#cite_ref-NS_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFCole,_M.1992" class="citation magazine cs1">Cole, M. (14. 11. 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13618470.700-lead-in-lake-blamed-for-floppy-trunks-.html">"Lead in lake blamed for floppy trunks"</a>. New Scientist. Pristupljeno 25. 6. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Lead+in+lake+blamed+for+floppy+trunks&rft.date=1992-11-14&rft.au=Cole%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg13618470.700-lead-in-lake-blamed-for-floppy-trunks-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani70-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani70_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani70_16-1">b</a> Shoshani, pp. 70–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani71-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani71_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani71_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani71_17-2">c</a> Shoshani, pp 71–74. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Sukumar, pp 120 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> "Still Life" by Bryan Christy. National Geographic Magazine, August 2015, pp. 97, 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFClutton-Brock,_J.1986" class="citation book cs1">Clutton-Brock, J. (1986). A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals. British Museum (Natural History). str. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-521-34697-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-521-34697-9"><bdi>978-0-521-34697-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Natural+History+of+Domesticated+Mammals&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=British+Museum+%28Natural+History%29&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-34697-9&rft.au=Clutton-Brock%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enn.com/wildlife/article/29620">"Elephants Evolve Smaller Tusks Due to Poaching"</a>. Environmental News Network. 20. 1. 2008. Pristupljeno 25. 9. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elephants+Evolve+Smaller+Tusks+Due+to+Poaching&rft.pub=Environmental+News+Network&rft.date=2008-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enn.com%2Fwildlife%2Farticle%2F29620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFZhuoqiong2005" class="citation news cs1">Zhuoqiong, W. (16. 7. 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-07/16/content_460623.htm">"Tuskless elephants evolving thanks to poachers"</a>. China Daily. Pristupljeno 27. 1. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Tuskless+elephants+evolving+thanks+to+poachers&rft.date=2005-07-16&rft.aulast=Zhuoqiong&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fenglish%2Fdoc%2F2005-07%2F16%2Fcontent_460623.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFGray2008" class="citation news cs1">Gray, R. (20. 1. 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204170332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3322455/Why-elephants-are-not-so-long-in-the-tusk.html">"Why elephants are not so long in the tusk"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3322455/Why-elephants-are-not-so-long-in-the-tusk.html">originala</a>, 4. 2. 2013. Pristupljeno 27. 1. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Why+elephants+are+not+so+long+in+the+tusk&rft.date=2008-01-20&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fscience-news%2F3322455%2FWhy-elephants-are-not-so-long-in-the-tusk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFChiyo,_P._I.Obanda,_V.Korir,_D._K.2015" class="citation journal cs1">Chiyo, P. I.; Obanda, V.; Korir, D. K. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6102531">"Illegal tusk harvest and the decline of tusk size in the African elephant"</a>. Ecology and Evolution. 5 (22): 5216–5229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fece3.1769">10.1002/ece3.1769</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6102531">6102531</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30151125">30151125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Illegal+tusk+harvest+and+the+decline+of+tusk+size+in+the+African+elephant&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=5216-5229&rft.date=2015&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6102531%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30151125&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fece3.1769&rft.au=Chiyo%2C+P.+I.&rft.au=Obanda%2C+V.&rft.au=Korir%2C+D.+K.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6102531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFJachmann,_H.Berry,_P._S._M.Imae,_H.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Jachmann, H.; Berry, P. S. M.; Imae, H. (1995). "Tusklessness in African elephants: a future trend". African Journal of Ecology. 33 (3): 230–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2028.1995.tb00800.x">10.1111/j.1365-2028.1995.tb00800.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Tusklessness+in+African+elephants%3A+a+future+trend&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=230-235&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2028.1995.tb00800.x&rft.au=Jachmann%2C+H.&rft.au=Berry%2C+P.+S.+M.&rft.au=Imae%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFKurt,_F.Hartl,_G.Tiedemann,_R.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Kurt, F.; Hartl, G.; Tiedemann, R. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4098%2Fat.arch.95-51">"Tuskless bulls in Asian elephant Elephas maximus. History and population genetics of a man-made phenomenon"</a>. Acta Theriol. 40: 125–144. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4098%2Fat.arch.95-51">10.4098/at.arch.95-51</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Theriol.&rft.atitle=Tuskless+bulls+in+Asian+elephant+Elephas+maximus.+History+and+population+genetics+of+a+man-made+phenomenon.&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=125-144&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4098%2Fat.arch.95-51&rft.au=Kurt%2C+F.&rft.au=Hartl%2C+G.&rft.au=Tiedemann%2C+R.&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4098%252Fat.arch.95-51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani66-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani66_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani66_27-1">b</a> Shoshani, pp. 66–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani69-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani69_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani69_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani69_28-2">c</a> Shoshani, pp. 69–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-cushion-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cushion_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cushion_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cushion_29-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWeissengruber,_G._E.Egger,_G._F.Hutchinson,_J._R.Groenewald,_H._B.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Weissengruber, G. E.; Egger, G. F.; Hutchinson, J. R.; Groenewald, H. B.; Elsässer, L.; Famini, D.; Forstenpointner, G. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048995">"The structure of the cushions in the feet of African elephants (Loxodonta africana)"</a>. Journal of Anatomy. 209 (6): 781–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2006.00648.x">10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00648.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048995">2048995</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118065">17118065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anatomy&rft.atitle=The+structure+of+the+cushions+in+the+feet+of+African+elephants+%28Loxodonta+africana%29&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=781-92&rft.date=2006&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2048995%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17118065&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2006.00648.x&rft.au=Weissengruber%2C+G.+E.&rft.au=Egger%2C+G.+F.&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Groenewald%2C+H.+B.&rft.au=Els%C3%A4sser%2C+L.&rft.au=Famini%2C+D.&rft.au=Forstenpointner%2C+G.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2048995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Shoshani p 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFPennisi,_E.2011" class="citation web cs1">Pennisi, E. (22. 12. 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113093919/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/12/elephants-have-a-sixth-toe.html">"Elephants Have a Sixth 'Toe'"</a>. ScienceMag.org. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/12/elephants-have-a-sixth-toe.html?">originala</a>, 13. 1. 2012. Pristupljeno 23. 12. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elephants+Have+a+Sixth+%27Toe%27&rft.pub=ScienceMag.org&rft.date=2011-12-22&rft.au=Pennisi%2C+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F12%2Felephants-have-a-sixth-toe.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kinetics-32"><a href="#cite_ref-kinetics_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson,_J._R.;_Schwerda,_D.;_Famini,_D._J.;_Dale,_R._H.;_Fischer,_M._S._Kram,_R.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchinson, J. R.; Schwerda, D.; Famini, D. J.; Dale, R. H.; Fischer, M. S. Kram, R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.02443">"The locomotor kinematics of Asian and African elephants: changes with speed and size"</a>. Journal of Experimental Biology. 209 (19): 3812–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.02443">10.1242/jeb.02443</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16985198">16985198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=The+locomotor+kinematics+of+Asian+and+African+elephants%3A+changes+with+speed+and+size&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=3812-27&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.02443&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16985198&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+J.+R.%3B+Schwerda%2C+D.%3B+Famini%2C+D.+J.%3B+Dale%2C+R.+H.%3B+Fischer%2C+M.+S.+Kram%2C+R.&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1242%252Fjeb.02443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson,_J._R.Famini,_D.Lair,_R.Kram,_R.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchinson, J. R.; Famini, D.; Lair, R.; Kram, R. (2003). "Biomechanics: Are fast-moving elephants really running?". Nature. 422 (6931): 493–94. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.422..493H">2003Natur.422..493H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F422493a">10.1038/422493a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12673241">12673241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Biomechanics%3A+Are+fast-moving+elephants+really+running%3F&rft.volume=422&rft.issue=6931&rft.pages=493-94&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12673241&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F422493a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Natur.422..493H&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Famini%2C+D.&rft.au=Lair%2C+R.&rft.au=Kram%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Shoshani, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani78-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani78_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani78_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani78_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani78_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani78_35-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani78_35-5">f</a> Shoshani, pp. 78–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-vibratorypatterns-36"><a href="#cite_ref-vibratorypatterns_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHerbest,_C.T.;_Švec,_J.G.;_Lohscheller,_J;_Frey,_R;_Gumpenberger,_M;_Stoeger,_A;_Fitch,_W.T.2013" class="citation journal cs1">Herbest, C.T.; Švec, J.G.; Lohscheller, J; Frey, R; Gumpenberger, M; Stoeger, A; Fitch, W.T. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.091009">"Complex Vibratory Patterns in an Elephant Larynx"</a>. Journal of Experimental Biology. 216 (21): 4054–4064. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.091009">10.1242/jeb.091009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24133151">24133151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Complex+Vibratory+Patterns+in+an+Elephant+Larynx&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=4054-4064&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.091009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24133151&rft.au=Herbest%2C+C.T.%3B+%C5%A0vec%2C+J.G.%3B+Lohscheller%2C+J%3B+Frey%2C+R%3B+Gumpenberger%2C+M%3B+Stoeger%2C+A%3B+Fitch%2C+W.T.&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1242%252Fjeb.091009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall_Cavendish-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_Cavendish_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_Cavendish_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2010" class="citation book cs1">Anon (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalanatomyill00corp">Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide</a>. Marshall Cavendish. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalanatomyill00corp/page/59">59</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-7614-7882-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-7614-7882-9"><bdi>978-0-7614-7882-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammal+Anatomy%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7882-9&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmammalanatomyill00corp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBenedict,_F._G.Lee,_R._C.1936" class="citation journal cs1">Benedict, F. G.; Lee, R. C. (1936). "The heart rate of the elephant". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 76 (3): 335–41. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifikator)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/984548">984548</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=The+heart+rate+of+the+elephant&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=335-41&rft.date=1936&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F984548%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Benedict%2C+F.+G.&rft.au=Lee%2C+R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-snorkel-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snorkel_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-snorkel_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-snorkel_39-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWest,_J._B.2002" class="citation journal cs1">West, J. B. (2002). "Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?". Physiology. 17 (2): 47–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fnips.01374.2001">10.1152/nips.01374.2001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11909991">11909991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology&rft.atitle=Why+doesn%27t+the+elephant+have+a+pleural+space%3F&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=47-50&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fnips.01374.2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11909991&rft.au=West%2C+J.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2225846.stm">"How elephants 'snorkel'"</a>. BBC News. 31. 8. 2002. Pristupljeno 3. 11. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+elephants+%27snorkel%27&rft.date=2002-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F2225846.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShort_R._V.,_Mann_T.,_Hay_Mary_F.1967" class="citation journal cs1">Short R. V., Mann T., Hay Mary F. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720144623/http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/13/3/517.full.pdf">"Male reproductive organs of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana"</a> (PDF). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. 13 (3): 517–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1530%2Fjrf.0.0130517">10.1530/jrf.0.0130517</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6029179">6029179</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/13/3/517.full.pdf">originala</a> (PDF), 20. 7. 2018. Pristupljeno 14. 11. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Reproduction+and+Fertility&rft.atitle=Male+reproductive+organs+of+the+African+elephant%2C+Loxodonta+africana&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=517-36&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1530%2Fjrf.0.0130517&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6029179&rft.au=Short+R.+V.%2C+Mann+T.%2C+Hay+Mary+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reproduction-online.org%2Fcontent%2F13%2F3%2F517.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Shoshani, p 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-tabuce-43"><a href="#cite_ref-tabuce_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFTabuceAsherLehmann2008" class="citation journal cs1">Tabuce, R.; Asher, R. J.; Lehmann, T. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224122358/http://phylodiversity.net/azanne/csfar/images/d/d9/Afrotherian_mammals.pdf">"Afrotherian mammals: a review of current data"</a> (PDF). Mammalia. 72: 2–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FMAMM.2008.004">10.1515/MAMM.2008.004</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phylodiversity.net/azanne/csfar/images/d/d9/Afrotherian_mammals.pdf">originala</a> (PDF), 24. 2. 2021. Pristupljeno 14. 11. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalia&rft.atitle=Afrotherian+mammals%3A+a+review+of+current+data&rft.volume=72&rft.pages=2-14&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2FMAMM.2008.004&rft.aulast=Tabuce&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Asher%2C+R.+J.&rft.au=Lehmann%2C+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphylodiversity.net%2Fazanne%2Fcsfar%2Fimages%2Fd%2Fd9%2FAfrotherian_mammals.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ozawa-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Ozawa_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFKellogg,_M.Burkett,_S.Dennis,_T._R.Stone,_G.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kellogg, M.; Burkett, S.; Dennis, T. R.; Stone, G.; Gray, B. A.; McGuire, P. M.; Zori, R. T.; Stanyon, R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1784077">"Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata"</a>. Evolutionary Biology. 7: 6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-7-6">10.1186/1471-2148-7-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1784077">1784077</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17244368">17244368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Chromosome+painting+in+the+manatee+supports+Afrotheria+and+Paenungulata&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2007&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1784077%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17244368&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-7-6&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+M.&rft.au=Burkett%2C+S.&rft.au=Dennis%2C+T.+R.&rft.au=Stone%2C+G.&rft.au=Gray%2C+B.+A.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+P.+M.&rft.au=Zori%2C+R.+T.&rft.au=Stanyon%2C+R.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1784077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ozawa2-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Ozawa2_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFOzawa,_T.Hayashi,_S.Mikhelson,_V._M.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Ozawa, T.; Hayashi, S.; Mikhelson, V. M. (1997). "Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 (4): 406–13. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JMolE..44..406O">1997JMolE..44..406O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FPL00006160">10.1007/PL00006160</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9089080">9089080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Evolution&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+position+of+mammoth+and+Steller%27s+sea+cow+within+tethytheria+demonstrated+by+mitochondrial+DNA+sequences&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=406-13&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9089080&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FPL00006160&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997JMolE..44..406O&rft.au=Ozawa%2C+T.&rft.au=Hayashi%2C+S.&rft.au=Mikhelson%2C+V.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-46"><a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J.2005" class="citation book cs1">Shoshani, J. (2005). "Order Proboscidea". u Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (ured.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA91#v=onepage">Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1</a> (3rd izd.). Johns Hopkins University Press. str. 90–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Order+Proboscidea&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=90-91&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJgAMbNSt8ikC%26pg%3DPA91%23v%3Donepage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFKingdon2013" class="citation book cs1">Kingdon, Jonathan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC">Mammals of Africa</a>. Bloomsbury. str. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/9781408189962" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/9781408189962"><bdi>9781408189962</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+Africa&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781408189962&rft.aulast=Kingdon&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB_07noCPc4kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gheerbrant-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Gheerbrant_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFGheerbrant,_E.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Gheerbrant, E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2705600">"Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (26): 10717–10721. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..10610717G">2009PNAS..10610717G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0900251106">10.1073/pnas.0900251106</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2705600">2705600</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19549873">19549873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Paleocene+emergence+of+elephant+relatives+and+the+rapid+radiation+of+African+ungulates&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=10717-10721&rft.date=2009&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2705600%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19549873&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0900251106&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..10610717G&rft.au=Gheerbrant%2C+E.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2705600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Sukumar, pp. 13-16. </li> <li id="cite_note-link-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-link_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-link_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-link_50-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J.Walter,_R._C.Abraha,_M.Berhe,_S.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y.; Ghirmai, T.; Zinner, D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1859925">"A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (46): 17296–301. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..10317296S">2006PNAS..10317296S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0603689103">10.1073/pnas.0603689103</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1859925">1859925</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17085582">17085582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+proboscidean+from+the+late+Oligocene+of+Eritrea%2C+a+%22missing+link%22+between+early+Elephantiformes+and+Elephantimorpha%2C+and+biogeographic+implications&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=17296-301&rft.date=2006&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1859925%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17085582&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0603689103&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PNAS..10317296S&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Walter%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Abraha%2C+M.&rft.au=Berhe%2C+S.&rft.au=Tassy%2C+P.&rft.au=Sanders%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Marchant%2C+G.+H.&rft.au=Libsekal%2C+Y.&rft.au=Ghirmai%2C+T.&rft.au=Zinner%2C+D.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1859925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukumar17-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar17_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar17_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar17_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar17_51-3">d</a> Sukumar, pp. 16–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Sukumar, p 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Sukumar, pp. 24–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukmar44-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sukmar44_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukmar44_54-1">b</a> Sukumar, p 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukumar28-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar28_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar28_55-1">b</a> Sukumar, pp 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-Palkopoulou-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Palkopoulou_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFPalkopoulou,_E.2018" class="citation journal cs1">Palkopoulou, E.; et al. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550">"A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (11): E2566–E2574. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1720554115">10.1073/pnas.1720554115</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856550">5856550</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29483247">29483247</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+genomic+history+of+extinct+and+living+elephants&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=E2566-E2574&rft.date=2018&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5856550%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29483247&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1720554115&rft.au=Palkopoulou%2C+E.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5856550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Sukumar, pp. 36–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter,_K.2006" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, K. (2006). "Biggest of the big: a critical re-evaluation of the mega-sauropod Amphicoelias fragillimus Cope, 1878". u Foster, J.R.; Lucas, S.G. (ured.). Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 36. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. str. 131–138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biggest+of+the+big%3A+a+critical+re-evaluation+of+the+mega-sauropod+Amphicoelias+fragillimus+Cope%2C+1878&rft.btitle=Paleontology+and+Geology+of+the+Upper+Jurassic+Morrison+Formation&rft.series=New+Mexico+Museum+of+Natural+History+and+Science+Bulletin&rft.pages=131-138&rft.pub=New+Mexico+Museum+of+Natural+History+and+Science&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson,_J._R.Delmer,_C.Miller,_C._E.Hildebrandt,_T.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchinson, J. R.; Delmer, C.; Miller, C. E.; Hildebrandt, T.; Pitsillides, A. A.; Boyde, A. (2011). "From flat foot to fat foot: structure, ontogeny, function, and evolution of elephant 'sixth toes'". Science. 334 (6063): 1699–1703. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...334R1699H">2011Sci...334R1699H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1211437">10.1126/science.1211437</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22194576">22194576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=From+flat+foot+to+fat+foot%3A+structure%2C+ontogeny%2C+function%2C+and+evolution+of+elephant+%27sixth+toes%27&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6063&rft.pages=1699-1703&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22194576&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1211437&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Sci...334R1699H&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Delmer%2C+C.&rft.au=Miller%2C+C.+E.&rft.au=Hildebrandt%2C+T.&rft.au=Pitsillides%2C+A.+A.&rft.au=Boyde%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFK.S._Rajgopal2013" class="citation news cs1">K.S. Rajgopal (4. 9. 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/the-dental-factor-in-elephant-evolution/article5093769.ece">"The dental factor in elephant evolution"</a>. The Hindu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+dental+factor+in+elephant+evolution&rft.date=2013-09-04&rft.au=K.S.+Rajgopal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsci-tech%2Fenergy-and-environment%2Fthe-dental-factor-in-elephant-evolution%2Farticle5093769.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/13550-grazing-animals-shaped-human-evolution.html">"Humanity's Grassroots: How Grazing Animals Shaped Evolution"</a>. LiveScience.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LiveScience.com&rft.atitle=Humanity%27s+Grassroots%3A+How+Grazing+Animals+Shaped+Evolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F13550-grazing-animals-shaped-human-evolution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Sukumar, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Sukumar, p 262. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Rasmussen, L. E. L., and B. A. Schulte. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bruce_Schulte/publication/283380557_Chemical_signals_in_the_reproduction_of_Asian_and_African_elephants/links/56434fb808aef646e6c69b12.pdf">Chemical signals in the reproduction of Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants</a>." Animal reproduction science 53.1-4 (1998): 19-34. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Sukumar, pp. 98–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606110832/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/SCBI/ReproductiveScience/ElephantBreedRepro/EstrousCycle.cfm">"Elephant Reproduction Project: The Estrous Cycle of Elephants"</a>. Smithsonian National Zoo. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalzoo.si.edu/scbi/ReproductiveScience/ElephantBreedRepro/EstrousCycle.cfm">originala</a>, 6. 6. 2012. Pristupljeno 8. 10. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elephant+Reproduction+Project%3A+The+Estrous+Cycle+of+Elephants&rft.pub=Smithsonian+National+Zoo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalzoo.si.edu%2Fscbi%2FReproductiveScience%2FElephantBreedRepro%2FEstrousCycle.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFPoole_Joyce_H1989" class="citation journal cs1">Poole Joyce H (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222028670">"Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants"</a> (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 37: 842–849. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0003-3472%2889%2990068-7">10.1016/0003-3472(89)90068-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Mate+guarding%2C+reproductive+success+and+female+choice+in+African+elephants&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=842-849&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0003-3472%2889%2990068-7&rft.au=Poole+Joyce+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F222028670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukumar179-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar179_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar179_68-1">b</a> Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <code><ref></code>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom <code>Sukumar179</code></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Sukumar, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani106-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani106_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani106_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani106_70-2">c</a> Moss, pp. 106–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Kingdon, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FowlerMikota2006-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FowlerMikota2006_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMurray_E._FowlerSusan_K._Mikota2006" class="citation book cs1">Murray E. Fowler; Susan K. Mikota (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oCpiZA61tyQC&q=elephant+penis+mating&pg=PA353">Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants</a>. John Wiley & Sons. str. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-8138-0676-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-8138-0676-1"><bdi>978-0-8138-0676-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology%2C+Medicine%2C+and+Surgery+of+Elephants&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8138-0676-1&rft.au=Murray+E.+Fowler&rft.au=Susan+K.+Mikota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoCpiZA61tyQC%26q%3Delephant%2Bpenis%2Bmating%26pg%3DPA353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Estes-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Estes_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFEstes,_R.1991" class="citation book cs1">Estes, R. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0520080858">The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates</a>. University of California Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0520080858/page/263">263–66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-520-08085-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-520-08085-0"><bdi>978-0-520-08085-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+behavior+guide+to+African+mammals%3A+including+hoofed+mammals%2C+carnivores%2C+primates&rft.pages=263-66&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08085-0&rft.au=Estes%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0520080858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFSims,_M.2009" class="citation book cs1">Sims, M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inwombanimals0000sims">In the Womb: Animals</a>. National Geographic Books. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inwombanimals0000sims/page/118">118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-1426201752" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-1426201752"><bdi>978-1426201752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Womb%3A+Animals&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1426201752&rft.au=Sims%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finwombanimals0000sims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBagemihl,_B.1999" class="citation book cs1">Bagemihl, B. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologicalexuber00bage">Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity</a>. St. Martin's Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologicalexuber00bage/page/427">427–30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-1-4668-0927-7" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-1-4668-0927-7"><bdi>978-1-4668-0927-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biological+Exuberance%3A+Animal+Homosexuality+and+Natural+Diversity&rft.pages=427-30&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-4668-0927-7&rft.au=Bagemihl%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiologicalexuber00bage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Sukumar, pp 259–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-pregnancy-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pregnancy_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pregnancy_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLueders,_I.Niemuller,_C.Rich,_P.Gray,_C.2012" class="citation journal cs1">Lueders, I.; Niemuller, C.; Rich, P.; Gray, C.; Hermes, R.; Goeritz, F.; Hildebrandt, T. B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415912">"Gestating for 22 months: luteal development and pregnancy maintenance in elephants"</a>. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1743): 3687–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2012.1038">10.1098/rspb.2012.1038</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415912">3415912</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22719030">22719030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Gestating+for+22+months%3A+luteal+development+and+pregnancy+maintenance+in+elephants&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=1743&rft.pages=3687-96&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3415912%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22719030&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2012.1038&rft.au=Lueders%2C+I.&rft.au=Niemuller%2C+C.&rft.au=Rich%2C+P.&rft.au=Gray%2C+C.&rft.au=Hermes%2C+R.&rft.au=Goeritz%2C+F.&rft.au=Hildebrandt%2C+T.+B.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3415912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.am/eng/videos/825.html">"Rare elephant twins born in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal"</a>. news.am.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.am&rft.atitle=Rare+elephant+twins+born+in+northern+Kwa-Zulu+Natal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.am%2Feng%2Fvideos%2F825.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukumar126-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar126_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar126_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar126_79-2">c</a> Sukumar, pp. 126–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140929112616/http://www.elephantsforever.co.za/life-cycle.html">"Elephant Life Cycle"</a>. ElephantsForever.co.za. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elephantsforever.co.za/life-cycle.html">originala</a>, 29. 9. 2014. Pristupljeno 21. 6. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elephant+Life+Cycle&rft.pub=ElephantsForever.co.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elephantsforever.co.za%2Flife-cycle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140530064627/http://www.elephantsforever.co.za/life-cycle-adolescence.html">"Elephant Life Cycle Adolescence"</a>. ElephantsForever.co.za. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elephantsforever.co.za/life-cycle-adolescence.html">originala</a>, 30. 5. 2014. Pristupljeno 21. 6. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elephant+Life+Cycle+Adolescence&rft.pub=ElephantsForever.co.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elephantsforever.co.za%2Flife-cycle-adolescence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2800737.stm">"War veteran elephant dies"</a>. BBC News. 26. 2. 2003. Pristupljeno 8. 1. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=War+veteran+elephant+dies&rft.date=2003-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F2800737.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFPlotnik,_J._M.;_de_WaalF._B._M.;_Reiss,_D.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Plotnik, J. M.; de Waal & F. B. M.; Reiss, D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636577">"Self-recognition in an Asian elephant"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 17053–57. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..10317053P">2006PNAS..10317053P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0608062103">10.1073/pnas.0608062103</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636577">1636577</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17075063">17075063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Self-recognition+in+an+Asian+elephant&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=17053-57&rft.date=2006&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1636577%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17075063&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0608062103&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PNAS..10317053P&rft.au=Plotnik%2C+J.+M.%3B+de+Waal&rft.au=F.+B.+M.%3B+Reiss%2C+D.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1636577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFRensch,_B.1957" class="citation journal cs1">Rensch, B. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1957-02_196_2/page/44">"The intelligence of elephants"</a>. Scientific American. 196 (2): 44–49. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1957SciAm.196b..44R">1957SciAm.196b..44R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0257-44">10.1038/scientificamerican0257-44</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+intelligence+of+elephants&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=44-49&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0257-44&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1957SciAm.196b..44R&rft.au=Rensch%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_scientific-american_1957-02_196_2%2Fpage%2F44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHart,_B._J.Hart,_L._A.McCory,_M.Sarath,_C._R.2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hart, B. J.; Hart, L. A.; McCory, M.; Sarath, C. R. (2001). "Cognitive behaviour in Asian elephants: use and modification of branches for fly switching". Animal Behaviour. 62 (5): 839–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fanbe.2001.1815">10.1006/anbe.2001.1815</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Cognitive+behaviour+in+Asian+elephants%3A+use+and+modification+of+branches+for+fly+switching&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=839-47&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fanbe.2001.1815&rft.au=Hart%2C+B.+J.&rft.au=Hart%2C+L.+A.&rft.au=McCory%2C+M.&rft.au=Sarath%2C+C.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMcComb,_K.Baker,_L.Moss,_C.2006" class="citation journal cs1">McComb, K.; Baker, L.; Moss, C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1617198">"African elephants show high levels of interest in the skulls and ivory of their own species"</a>. Biology Letters. 2 (1): 26–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2005.0400">10.1098/rsbl.2005.0400</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1617198">1617198</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17148317">17148317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=African+elephants+show+high+levels+of+interest+in+the+skulls+and+ivory+of+their+own+species&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26-28&rft.date=2006&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1617198%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17148317&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2005.0400&rft.au=McComb%2C+K.&rft.au=Baker%2C+L.&rft.au=Moss%2C+C.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1617198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas-Hamilton,_I.Bhallaa,_S.Wittemyera,_G.Vollratha,_F.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Bhallaa, S.; Wittemyera, G.; Vollratha, F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511045326/http://www.savetheelephants.org/files/pdf/publications/2006%20Douglas-Hamilton%20et%20al%20Behavioural%20reactions%20of%20elephants%20to%20a%20dying%20matriarch.pdf">"Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch"</a> (PDF). Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 100 (1): 87–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2006.04.014">10.1016/j.applanim.2006.04.014</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savetheelephants.org/files/pdf/publications/2006%20Douglas-Hamilton%20et%20al%20Behavioural%20reactions%20of%20elephants%20to%20a%20dying%20matriarch.pdf">originala</a> (PDF), 11. 5. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.atitle=Behavioural+reactions+of+elephants+towards+a+dying+and+deceased+matriarch&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-102&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2006.04.014&rft.au=Douglas-Hamilton%2C+I.&rft.au=Bhallaa%2C+S.&rft.au=Wittemyera%2C+G.&rft.au=Vollratha%2C+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.savetheelephants.org%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fpublications%2F2006%2520Douglas-Hamilton%2520et%2520al%2520Behavioural%2520reactions%2520of%2520elephants%2520to%2520a%2520dying%2520matriarch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090611065839.htm">"What really prompts the dog's 'Guilty Look'"</a>. Science Daily. 2009. Pristupljeno 5. 9. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Daily&rft.atitle=What+really+prompts+the+dog%27s+%27Guilty+Look%27&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2009%2F06%2F090611065839.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBekoff,_M.2009" class="citation web cs1">Bekoff, M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/200906/anthropomorphic-double-talk-can-animals-be-happy-not-unhappy-no">"Anthropomorphic Double-Talk: Can Animals Be Happy But Not Unhappy? No!"</a>. Pristupljeno 5. 9. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anthropomorphic+Double-Talk%3A+Can+Animals+Be+Happy+But+Not+Unhappy%3F+No%21&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Bekoff%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fblog%2Fanimal-emotions%2F200906%2Fanthropomorphic-double-talk-can-animals-be-happy-not-unhappy-no&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMassonSusan_McCarthy1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Moussaieff_Masson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson (stranica ne postoji)">Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff</a>; Susan McCarthy (1996). When Elephants Weep: Emotional Lives of Animals. Vintage. str. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-09-947891-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-09-947891-1"><bdi>978-0-09-947891-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Elephants+Weep%3A+Emotional+Lives+of+Animals&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-09-947891-1&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Moussaieff&rft.au=Susan+McCarthy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_nepreporu%C4%8Deni_parametar" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_91-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBlanc,_J.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Blanc, J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12392/0">"Loxodonta africana"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_Red_List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUCN Red List (stranica ne postoji)">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2008. Pristupljeno 4. 4. 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Loxodonta+africana&rft.volume=2008&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Blanc%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fdetails%2F12392%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)old-form url </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Douglas- Hamilton, pp 178–82. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFAfrican_Elephant_Specialist_Group_(AfESG)2013" class="citation web cs1">African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elephantdatabase.org/preview_report/2013_africa/Loxodonta_africana/2012/Africa">"2012 Continental Totals ("2013 AFRICA" analysis)"</a>. Elephant Database. Pristupljeno 27. 2. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elephant+Database&rft.atitle=2012+Continental+Totals+%28%222013+AFRICA%22+analysis%29&rft.date=2013&rft.au=African+Elephant+Specialist+Group+%28AfESG%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elephantdatabase.org%2Fpreview_report%2F2013_africa%2FLoxodonta_africana%2F2012%2FAfrica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.traffic.org/what-we-do/species/elephants-ivory/">"African elephant conservation"</a>. www.traffic.org (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 10. 1. 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.traffic.org&rft.atitle=African+elephant+conservation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.traffic.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fspecies%2Felephants-ivory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StarNews-95"><a href="#cite_ref-StarNews_95-0">^</a> Star website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/06/04/first-lady-launches-campaign-to-save-elephants_c1363294">"First Lady launches campaign to save elephants."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808043355/http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/06/04/first-lady-launches-campaign-to-save-elephants_c1363294">Arhivirano</a> 8. 8. 2016. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 4 June 2016. Accessed 5 June 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCN2-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN2_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN2_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN2_96-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN2_96-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN2_96-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFChoudhury,_A.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Choudhury, A.; et al. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/7140/0">"Elephas maximus"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_Red_List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUCN Red List (stranica ne postoji)">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2008. Pristupljeno 16. 10. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Elephas+maximus&rft.volume=2008&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Choudhury%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fdetails%2F7140%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)old-form url </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoshani174-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani174_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoshani174_97-1">b</a> Daniel, p. 174. ]] </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dopunska_literatura">Dopunska literatura</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Uredi odlomak "Dopunska literatura"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Dopunska literatura">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303351">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J.2000" class="citation book cs1">Shoshani, J., ured. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elephants00shos">Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild</a>. Checkmark Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-87596-143-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-87596-143-9"><bdi>978-0-87596-143-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/475147472">475147472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F475147472&rft.isbn=978-0-87596-143-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felephants00shos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J.Shoshani,_S._L." class="citation book cs1">Shoshani, J.; Shoshani, S. L. "What Is an Elephant?". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 14–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Is+an+Elephant%3F&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=14-15&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+S.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J." class="citation book cs1">Shoshani, J. "Comparing the Living Elephants". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 36–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+Living+Elephants&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=36-51&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J." class="citation book cs1">Shoshani, J. "Anatomy and Physiology". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 66–80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anatomy+and+Physiology&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=66-80&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFEasa,_P._S." class="citation book cs1">Easa, P. S. "Musth in Asian Elephants". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 85–86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musth+in+Asian+Elephants&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=85-86&rft.au=Easa%2C+P.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMoss,_C" class="citation book cs1">Moss, C. "Elephant Calves: The Story of Two Sexes". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 106–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elephant+Calves%3A+The+Story+of+Two+Sexes&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=106-13&rft.au=Moss%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFPayne,_K._B.Langauer,_W._B" class="citation book cs1">Payne, K. B.; Langauer, W. B. "Elephant Communication". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 116–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elephant+Communication&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=116-23&rft.au=Payne%2C+K.+B.&rft.au=Langauer%2C+W.+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFEltringham,_S._K." class="citation book cs1">Eltringham, S. K. "Ecology and Behavior". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 124–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ecology+and+Behavior&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=124-27&rft.au=Eltringham%2C+S.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWylie,_K._C." class="citation book cs1">Wylie, K. C. "Elephants as War Machines". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 146–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elephants+as+War+Machines&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=146-48&rft.au=Wylie%2C+K.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeely,_J._A." class="citation book cs1">McNeely, J. A. "Elephants as Beasts of Burden". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 149–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elephants+as+Beasts+of+Burden&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=149-50&rft.au=McNeely%2C+J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_K._H." class="citation book cs1">Smith, K. H. "The Elephant Domestication Centre of Africa". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 152–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Elephant+Domestication+Centre+of+Africa&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=152-54&rft.au=Smith%2C+K.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeely,_J._A." class="citation book cs1">McNeely, J. A. "Elephants in Folklore, Religion and Art". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 158–65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elephants+in+Folklore%2C+Religion+and+Art&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=158-65&rft.au=McNeely%2C+J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_S._L." class="citation book cs1">Shoshani, S. L. "Famous Elephants". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 168–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Famous+Elephants&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=168-71&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+S.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel,_J._C." class="citation book cs1">Daniel, J. C. "The Asian Elephant Population Today". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 174–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Asian+Elephant+Population+Today&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=174-77&rft.au=Daniel%2C+J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas-Hamilton,_I." class="citation book cs1">Douglas-Hamilton, I. "The African Elephant Population Today". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 178–83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+African+Elephant+Population+Today&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=178-83&rft.au=Douglas-Hamilton%2C+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFTuttle,_C._D." class="citation book cs1">Tuttle, C. D. "Elephants in Captivity". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 184–93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elephants+in+Captivity&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=184-93&rft.au=Tuttle%2C+C.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_E._B." class="citation book cs1">Martin, E. B. "The Rise and Fall of the Ivory Market". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 202–07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Ivory+Market&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=202-07&rft.au=Martin%2C+E.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFShoshani,_J." class="citation book cs1">Shoshani, J. "Why Save Elephants?". Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild. str. 226–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Why+Save+Elephants%3F&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+Majestic+Creatures+of+the+Wild&rft.pages=226-29&rft.au=Shoshani%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFSukumar,_R.2003" class="citation book cs1">Sukumar, R. (11. 9. 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingelephantse00suku_0">The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation</a>. Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-19-510778-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-19-510778-4"><bdi>978-0-19-510778-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/935260783">935260783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Living+Elephants%3A+Evolutionary+Ecology%2C+Behaviour%2C+and+Conservation&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2003-09-11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935260783&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510778-4&rft.au=Sukumar%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivingelephantse00suku_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFKingdon,_J.1988" class="citation book cs1">Kingdon, J. (29. 12. 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xdH_Gi92-fAC">East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part B: Large Mammals</a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-226-43722-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-226-43722-4"><bdi>978-0-226-43722-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/468569394">468569394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+African+Mammals%3A+An+Atlas+of+Evolution+in+Africa%2C+Volume+3%2C+Part+B%3A+Large+Mammals&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988-12-29&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F468569394&rft.isbn=978-0-226-43722-4&rft.au=Kingdon%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxdH_Gi92-fAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWylie,_D.2009" class="citation book cs1">Wylie, D. (15. 1. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aj75snWdfv8C">Elephant</a>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-1-86189-615-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-1-86189-615-5"><bdi>978-1-86189-615-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/740873839">740873839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elephant&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F740873839&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-615-5&rft.au=Wylie%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAj75snWdfv8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington1958" class="citation book cs1">Carrington, Richard (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elephantsshortac0000rich">Elephants: A Short Account of their Natural History, Evolution and Influence on Mankind</a>. Chatto & Windus. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/911782153">911782153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elephants%3A+A+Short+Account+of+their+Natural+History%2C+Evolution+and+Influence+on+Mankind&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F911782153&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felephantsshortac0000rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Nance, Susan (2013). Entertaining Elephants: Animal Agency and the Business of the American Circus. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Godfrey_Saxe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Godfrey Saxe (stranica ne postoji)">Saxe, John Godfrey</a> (1872). <a href="https://bs.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Blindmen_and_the_Elephant" class="extiw" title="s:The Blindmen and the Elephant">"The Blindmen and the Elephant"</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikisource&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikisource (stranica ne postoji)">Wikisource</a>. The Poems of John Godfrey Saxe.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heathcote_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heathcote Williams (stranica ne postoji)">Williams, Heathcote</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sacredelephant0000will">Sacred Elephant</a>. New York: Harmony Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-517-57320-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-517-57320-4"><bdi>978-0-517-57320-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Elephant&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harmony+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-517-57320-4&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Heathcote&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsacredelephant0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASlon" class="Z3988"> CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_nepreporu%C4%8Deni_parametar" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar">link</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slon&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi">uredi izvor</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elephantvoices.org/">ElephantVoices</a> – information about elephant communication</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo Wikivrsta"><img alt="Logo Wikivrsta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/45px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/60px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption>Logo Wikivrsta</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Početna strana">Wikivrste</a> imaju dodatne informacije vezane za: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Elephantidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Elephantidae">Slon</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3627399"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3486241"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elephantidae?uselang=bs">Slon </a></div></div> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slon&oldid=3666079">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slon&oldid=3666079</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Cite_iucn_maint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Cite iucn maint (stranica ne postoji)">Cite iucn maint</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Slonovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Slonovi (stranica ne postoji)">Slonovi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Biljojedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Biljojedi (stranica ne postoji)">Biljojedi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sisari" title="Kategorija:Sisari">Sisari</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_koji_sadr%C5%BEe_video&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Članci koji sadrže video (stranica ne postoji)">Članci koji sadrže video</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Ki%C4%8Dmenjaci" title="Kategorija:Kičmenjaci">Kičmenjaci</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Anatomija_ki%C4%8Dmenjaka" title="Kategorija:Anatomija kičmenjaka">Anatomija kičmenjaka</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Parafiletske_grupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Parafiletske grupe (stranica ne postoji)">Parafiletske grupe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Surla%C5%A1i" title="Kategorija:Surlaši">Surlaši</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Stranice_s_gre%C5%A1kama_u_referencama" title="Kategorija:Stranice s greškama u referencama">Stranice s greškama u referencama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_nepreporu%C4%8Deni_parametar" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar">CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(engleski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (engleski)">CS1 upotrebe (engleski)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorija:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_koji_trebaju_izvor" title="Kategorija:Članci koji trebaju izvor">Članci koji trebaju izvor</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena na datum 15 novembar 2024 u 22:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">slobodnom licencom Autorstvo-Dijeliti pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uvjeti. Korištenjem ovog sajta slažete se s <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">uvjetima korištenja</a> i <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">pravilima o privatnosti</a>. Wikipedia® je zaštitni znak neprofitne organizacije <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pravila o privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">O Wikipediji</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Odricanje_odgovornosti">Odricanje odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Razvojni programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/bs.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//bs.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slon&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilni prikaz</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65496f48b4-w2pkx","wgBackendResponseTime":194,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.960","walltime":"1.231","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6149,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":250781,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10500,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":349214,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 896.662 1 -total"," 49.30% 442.046 1 Šablon:Reflist"," 26.33% 236.073 23 Šablon:Clade"," 23.28% 208.786 31 Šablon:Cite_journal"," 13.15% 117.940 33 Šablon:Cite_book"," 8.06% 72.262 3 Šablon:Cladogram"," 6.87% 61.608 1 Šablon:Izvor2"," 5.66% 50.755 13 Šablon:Cite_web"," 5.19% 46.569 1 Šablon:Taksokvir"," 4.82% 43.189 1 Šablon:Fix-span"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.449","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4877833,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fr84h","timestamp":"20241124184655","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Slon","url":"https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slon","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7378","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7378","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-07-05T15:54:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9b\/Afrikanischer_Elefant%2C_Zoo_Miami_1.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>