CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134906b88b5a042',cH: 'igwwiIYiezWgfXuf4wpoPSzdDNm1jM35X5Rnrhwm90s-1739782586-1.2.1.1-l1SDND7zljbOEgv_USpw2dIhdmp9x43hkfQXpM8V5qoN4govnFwZKLG9ILtZ4ZGv',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=corporate%20performance&__cf_chl_tk=8X8bekZ8yrKTCRsglg_IBoi.bbhDwUow5pM8ZPYfSKk-1739782586-1.0.1.1-idRuJJfOH6I_QmBw8usvWgPjWl_UyFzpgo7gBLN1lR4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782586',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=corporate%20performance&__cf_chl_f_tk=8X8bekZ8yrKTCRsglg_IBoi.bbhDwUow5pM8ZPYfSKk-1739782586-1.0.1.1-idRuJJfOH6I_QmBw8usvWgPjWl_UyFzpgo7gBLN1lR4",md: "fFMbpUHN_J8rtUZzmxRphMC4F1laJkesvrm0du7cMBs-1739782586-1.2.1.1-f40.0AFsVhNTXFonpSSUycv1sR.MEqVczETu8KXrh3Aki2cMCuQxCELZHJ3ZZ0lpnJqZXpCeEAjJiewP_NNi658ZJR6AgLue12eblS.McLvPnt1LdItzccg9QKBs3cSsrNYXvfBAd7Vust4P9D31DpcborUnQN4dGJohDE.JlU3Um.5fQpKjRK7_uS0yUiwGXi_2egSv3laMm_rk6yhCnFX8yGCSk4ezn1PqEX2yvgUCd8VrHBR_eyc5bNLmhV6M4h5RH_fRe2LVJKe..xpr0PR_BEHwZWbgtuszgVkAVsayA2UrqRRciwAoaBqcFqFO7CO_66kdIbj53_ANO4Ww16JbcU8a5DmidNWshPx08vk5KApKkVo8t3yXO7B28eMQRsFY.IliG_BADmrPfxfbBQmem96ZSZYWJ158ScmnSwjviLMUlkcf7GlPLfuwMX6y9bkavxPVoXlcQZQCOTNb1VNChs85BX9bnivasMnFAtAuzu2X2Bpgv_3qN33rjl_wFn9lOiWNvmCB70Qm7oLfUQ2X7ksr6_QLCwZrJQjhMyNLNYnwkQulIZ_1K0oT.hyl1I16Bv3ifj.mzTnW.mPrx8VOqkq4nlguiHu2i3H0FYsuFSURerpzgSu38hnGVrnDT51JCjWodgKSyohTqRHbDJg5GjkBRtIQWRolQQOpXgdH.Gla1o1WjhG534dv5VPFoHtHMmPqOF0xPTRNTrffxIbzCfCRJCMDBVIo1Mz2hmHjFaS7MA5tZwoZWucC30GlCyxIhvvR_CxzK44vFcT6qQ2wP_zo9IljMjVr2lqKKecTr7E7tLa4oItJXRzefZpUNAdB9BOLqZn5rRoiSKGML9M8OWvuK92_4m7H58JRTrrLqHFcVjsEearams5OnwhGs58G32gbiqEOpNzOrbRa4UF0s6lDsFBxh_UTQwvbQbyEafgoRy62YA9Hhb.cyoiF7lfkBOIZDkB8JoN1aI1hXxHW6HPpv9abPg1AxP78uRN7H5CSUpEsU0x3FVmOL1SF1obn0PvE0CC8WIQfURH5aK1c4Sd82gaLGspNbmpIye06kW2PkGbV_8CfAokyaP7OOAmr8Ynox07gKaLbGdvj3PsYxNy7uqLHV9ExiNCgLmWGkAA421d5g6U.wYTEumvHKiA5F3VUb89iFkex9xkJ1jJ_lNvqbItdPQG9sYgLDE1lV8UQE7KGwibM98sAHp62f73Sl0ExaRlIV3GRjfSc5msoaPM5av7zyDrv1FHr1mriUL_zu9wVuDgbtVZHOOxE6rA6WmjmvDDg8OKIa_SBma2w4CcWNtQ1JDJhGqzLnVP40GCbrFEEGYz4EEolg8eonzc96n33MFwBQk6VrcSPG9DX3VxKk9eGp8HAjF_XVMkCzhyUbxT8DF6SItiV0cVEDeamwv74MSCm02BYE_laIcFrk5tUSREQOJ9oEREss94t3I6u_4ZRzCm9dj6t0CO3IOkiQVALTfjO4q3wwJ7jwqzVpCdqbLlZLjG3h5yQg7qzHzN7vCREJqbbR8942KRdPvvqBRqRpJgYW86JFLs8fhtw97fle6BDhPSBlTswj3d_7GF0FTcE58MKOZ.vvwnQktfwwj9jqLv0.DwMJ7EdGbMN8pDeWT3AzjOhuh4mqrCBsO8i1Qbz3EMO73hLCtXlB2X9pH7528WdiD3ptFd2yFaolHiQ4cbAAUwglN9Fv8jVktaoQrCqhuOd6VpapDkV6Q4mvVc.f3cgdBAR9LK4hFRG3uJoncitx.Aync7FLFxjPjiDKTXD7_9jn_al.oknPI1xOWNpbt6XzOS7PdAhB8TrVA8.dPgt7yr9X5e9O6icuLxvHgld1nGM_qDLgCMQaEZlhyLlZtwdpCHxjYK.sqcl8x8a1gZ52RY5OH3kGuzsy7BKYbN37pew0FR5d4HFJY3D7o6kUOM8px_zSt0UdCl23v8LvvN56l2Le.udfJmkEAGWNNsEM8BgbcRugZ.J",mdrd: "wjmqhoSfsTkmDd7Xb6UxZeDj6zlD3pQ4vlrgv_595hE-1739782586-1.2.1.1-DrXp7CRhd3KcpWhw0EPIjoSk9xLak4g_Qx8yeGWD6byN4NEgtJyBb807ZUw6WCOivVZokx5oY_2786XalrIbNNzins.eLBelTrXXIGPU8KO8qJtRU1VKXSZkBHy6QrQrNb_dlL4IBuFvZIbU5R_zM8nTTwku24VGqj1Ez.ahm3QpkucIVetvDrUD7vZ66LpEEqp5t_LxCbJQNCT_fLKFnTJi6GRnty.ZRpBemgOjpeCYGBWRAgXPjVR1sUGrIEDBAjAA19s1K64uTkYWUwezIwUrEccpbOwxc3ef3lYadN8YXcpYqDs_6YixAN1G3QzAjmUcKY2BGU5INAcFO.wKPZ36wbxtFrFZfUfJNQVkMVRFiGUDzVVUcPJPJcfSYIbnSoVdk0u5BOLJGorWfhvi.B6ZS47LuE00qQtptDSgPiHO0cuN_8awz92k9_CFTiWuZV3wrej_Xvke25zJtcgaElQ4WvGVhP9vMPE_rVaN92L8CyEQM6Z5CPrDkA.hOR4a6vwuZ7rm6gIwPvbgexmxfSFnibCV3iVYcJF5okLu4Adf6trmTGVGfHjkOEyZD_brmqAb1usk1ZbYyyPLsuOo3Fa4bOzMU3g7Ntl9A6m32UGGP0SNauicAmd6AKjIP2IN9BOiKNmeqrBm1t57usf1zm8PYJY_LSLR4I0Srh5gfxhb3AsMt2CqxRR8MyzqxGoG3kOAZkHPHZ9tbHo5r_WKsv_7gBwV1RQXaSjHzPiAR8bg__bDi0ceXRXD6_UZgBaaocuWYr64SmqTtVRLBNWE7ReAR4p4DIRlCKQPz_7lLpsXgAGzf1.LLUEO2y0OoQkAE.7xWnT7xZLBCPA2VHEPyanaW9gQUYEQxiMCBAY_J6sVd9i.oGTHsYyyLDWr2JLsciJXutAwhZnAB4DyBiFna6d8VvJq0aV_Q4j5n93k0S03azVDUwK27ad31ts0Fe6gZWcOvnVn7IYOVOJggm3VexGntUuNfxqIC3fWv2rAuq3uQ3sEE_3TUO8llraACPTZwhRMO4FobzlQMBispKe32q.FgwgTF_n8RyLNpP2Qwj9nji6W3gh12qShqYMZZti.3Ve7Lx4BWTUYcOEoDC7dX41DrN2EIzEINqzMD7gPC_SgF7.PIaulSPN8..3GkaFnN9ffyOKpmEkU6tIh9szClSEHBA5E2TWGPPwFmzqZgYJ1uYpxOTq7gfTuL0I9GatfNROGT.CWnG2_jaCnJ2X4YCmZni.PtFUiKf.Z2LeYxzbfVUXEAAX1UpcZWxn5xybCUNDGI8HwuBzokXgU7eeoBNzMv_5abFahAGrgWAslvhNY30XZtsm8hk6EKJHp.xAMep39Y94vQINrIw2hM.9UDeAfJDVIHRNTDl4rkXA.miqiHyjEEMyGQMHYh8L5WYvaGeR8mHmIxmUao0Bd1Z6K5vjgR2u105hK_3FeedUH39k2rUzH8suM1V51hge11va6mniMWI2h7O7GFUoXZh3fSMmeA3u0hKL8gGE8jWXcVbVOFFj47GgacXt0PWbCrutP9IQPStypsu25AhNiNaHoXq6xjzqRtIReB65yQddgrb1zqwc.i89RsOQe5gICpQ1LA2_2rVRP2xC3mVGilpa5bLERVqkHWq4i3cytjIPSCfnz1KNkIJ4JPz.dfS2Dt3WT3nfEtnXXIeFl5key0LntDsRGHPsTuv_m9XkKvt7_IfjEF44x2KNt5iD3G5XAhOE7gg9VoTILTWzgz.pONXgQ9am1RbKjPxQqwS3dk54SMQfYTSQPBcrSgganyAJAecPXq2HWBSITx0W7ib_bgvJI5OWH6XDX6Uz1rAq4NwRkUnsqZj44jEuRZ5_TDJyWxnZD5QAuwvtz4f.kF21WdpA_zeAMkm2lrZEzLg9X_Q.lPtIYIJiTjrLzDIgGfVU92gXRM6GwILAB.ZNoAuXBE.O7kLeoWndNKCmKcUfbGqfvIhp7VO5cn9JWLt7NHP5BzfK6EM2IZ568ugOURxX442abgw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134906b88b5a042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=corporate%20performance&__cf_chl_rt_tk=8X8bekZ8yrKTCRsglg_IBoi.bbhDwUow5pM8ZPYfSKk-1739782586-1.0.1.1-idRuJJfOH6I_QmBw8usvWgPjWl_UyFzpgo7gBLN1lR4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>