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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_period_(1793–1799)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Middle period (1793–1799)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_period_(1793–1799)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peninsular_War_(1808–1814)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peninsular_War_(1808–1814)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Peninsular War (1808–1814)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peninsular_War_(1808–1814)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quinta_del_Sordo_and_Black_Paintings_(1819–1822)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quinta_del_Sordo_and_Black_Paintings_(1819–1822)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Quinta del Sordo and Black Paintings (1819–1822)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quinta_del_Sordo_and_Black_Paintings_(1819–1822)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bordeaux_(October_1824_–_1828)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bordeaux_(October_1824_–_1828)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bordeaux (October 1824 – 1828)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bordeaux_(October_1824_–_1828)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goya's_influence_on_modern_and_contemporary_artists_and_writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goya's_influence_on_modern_and_contemporary_artists_and_writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Goya's influence on modern and contemporary artists and writers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goya's_influence_on_modern_and_contemporary_artists_and_writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Films and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francisco Goya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 157 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Гойя, Франсиско – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Гойя, Франсиско" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE_%E1%8C%8E%E1%8B%AB" title="ፍራንሲስኮ ጎያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፍራንሲስኮ ጎያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فرانثيسكو غويا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانثيسكو غويا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes" title="Francisco de Goya y Lucientes – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francisco de Goya y Lucientes" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%A9%DC%98_%DC%93%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܦܪܢܣܝܣܩܘ ܓܘܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܢܣܝܣܩܘ ܓܘܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%95%27_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ফ্ৰান্সিছক' গয়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফ্ৰান্সিছক' গয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Франсиско Гойа – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Франсиско Гойа" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransisko_Qoyya" title="Fransisko Qoyya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransisko Qoyya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرانسیسکو قویا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسیسکو قویا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ফ্রান্সিসকো গয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্সিসকো গয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Франсіска Гоя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Франсіска Гоя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Франсіска Гоя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Франсіска Гоя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гоя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франсиско Гоя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥུ་རོན་སི་སི་ཀོ་ཀོའོ་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥུ་རོན་སི་སི་ཀོ་ཀོའོ་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes" title="Francisco de Goya y Lucientes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francisco de Goya y Lucientes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%DD%A3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فرانثيسكو ݣويا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فرانثيسكو ݣويا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Φρανθίσκο Γκόγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρανθίσκο Γκόγια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرانسیسکو گویا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسیسکو گویا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94_%EA%B3%A0%EC%95%BC" title="프란시스코 고야 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프란시스코 고야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8_%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանցիսկո Գոյա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանցիսկո Գոյա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रांसिस्को डि गोया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रांसिस्को डि गोया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ফ্রাঁসিস্কো গোয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রাঁসিস্কো গোয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרנסיסקו דה גויה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסיסקו דה גויה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_da_Goya" title="Francisco da Goya – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Francisco da Goya" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ಕೋ ಗೊಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ಕೋ ಗೊಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფრანსისკო გოია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანსისკო გოია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_a_Goya_et_Lucientes" title="Franciscus a Goya et Lucientes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus a Goya et Lucientes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransisko_Goja" title="Fransisko Goja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fransisko Goja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_de_Goya_y_Lucientes" title="Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франсиско Гоја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франсиско Гоја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF" title="ഫ്രാൻസിസ്കോ ഗോയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസിസ്കോ ഗോയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रांसिस्को गोया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रांसिस्को गोया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფრანსისკო გოია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრანსისკო გოია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فرانسيسكو جويا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسيسكو جويا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5,_%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A6" title="ꯒꯣꯌꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯀꯣ ꯗꯦ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒꯣꯌꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯀꯣ ꯗꯦ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="ဂိုးယာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂိုးယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सिस्को गोया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रान्सिस्को गोया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%A4" title="フランシスコ・デ・ゴヤ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランシスコ・デ・ゴヤ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Гойя, Франсиско – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гойя, Франсиско" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Гойя, Франсиско – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гойя, Франсиско" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫਰਾਂਸਿਸਕੋ ਗੋਯਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰਾਂਸਿਸਕੋ ਗੋਯਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرانسسکو گویا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسسکو گویا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransisko_Goya" title="Fransisko Goya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fransisko Goya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D2%90%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсіско Ґойя – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Франсіско Ґойя" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Гойя, Франсиско – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гойя, Франсиско" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Франсиско Гойа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Франсиско Гойа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱜᱳᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱜᱳᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="ෆ්‍රැන්සිස්කෝ ගෝයා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෆ්‍රැන්සිස්කෝ ගෝයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86_%DA%AF%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرانسیسکۆ گۆیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرانسیسکۆ گۆیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франсиско Гоја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франсиско Гоја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பிரான்சிஸ்கோ கோயா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிஸ்கோ கோயா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransisko_Goya" title="Fransisko Goya – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Fransisko Goya" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ฟรันซิสโก โกยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟรันซิสโก โกยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Франсиско Гойя – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Франсиско Гойя" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Гойя – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гойя" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Франсіско-Хосе де Гоя – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франсіско-Хосе де Гоя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرانسسکو گویا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسسکو گویا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goja_Fransisko" title="Goja Fransisko – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Goja Fransisko" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%9B%85-%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E6%81%A9%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF" title="弗朗西斯科·何塞·德·戈雅-卢西恩特斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗朗西斯科·何塞·德·戈雅-卢西恩特斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90" title="פראנסיסקא גאיא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנסיסקא גאיא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%93%A5%E9%9B%85" title="弗朗西斯科哥雅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="弗朗西斯科哥雅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Francisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%97sks_Guoja" title="Fransėsks Guoja – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fransėsks Guoja" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%9B%85" title="弗朗西斯科·戈雅 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗朗西斯科·戈雅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransisco_Goya" title="Fransisco Goya – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Fransisco Goya" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Francisco de Goya" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5432#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish painter and printmaker (1746–1828)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Goya" redirects here. For the food company, see <a href="/wiki/Goya_Foods" title="Goya Foods">Goya Foods</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Goya_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Goya (disambiguation)">Goya (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> de Goya</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Lucientes</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Francisco de Goya</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_Porta%C3%B1a_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_Porta%C3%B1a_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/220px-Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_Porta%C3%B1a_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_Porta%C3%B1a_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/330px-Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_Porta%C3%B1a_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_Porta%C3%B1a_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/440px-Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_Porta%C3%B1a_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Goya by <a href="/wiki/Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_y_Porta%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente López y Portaña">Vicente López</a> (1826), <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a>, Madrid</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1746-03-30</span>)</span>30 March 1746<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Fuendetodos" title="Fuendetodos">Fuendetodos</a>, Aragon, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931808)" title="History of Spain (1700–1808)">Spain</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 April 1828<span style="display:none">(1828-04-16)</span> (aged 82)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Francisco_Goya" title="List of works by Francisco Goya">List of paintings and engravings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Josefa Bayeu</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1773; died 1812)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Firma_de_Francisco_de_Goya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Firma_de_Francisco_de_Goya.svg/150px-Firma_de_Francisco_de_Goya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Firma_de_Francisco_de_Goya.svg/225px-Firma_de_Francisco_de_Goya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Firma_de_Francisco_de_Goya.svg/300px-Firma_de_Francisco_de_Goya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="677" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg/220px-Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg/330px-Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg/440px-Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="2045" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Yard_with_Lunatics" title="Yard with Lunatics">Yard with Lunatics</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1794</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <span class="nowrap"><small>Spanish: </small></span><span class="IPA" lang="es-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">f</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ɾ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">a</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">n</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ˈ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">θ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">i</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">s</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">k</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">o</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish"> </a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">x</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">o</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ˈ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">s</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">e</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish"> </a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ð</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">e</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish"> </a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ˈ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ɣ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">o</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ʝ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">a</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish"> </a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">i</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish"> </a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">l</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">u</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">ˈ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">θ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">j</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">e</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">n</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">t</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">e</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">s</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">]</a></span>; 30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a> painter and <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaker</a>. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century painters.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goya is often referred to as the last of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Master" title="Old Master">Old Masters</a> and the first of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">moderns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goya was born in <a href="/wiki/Fuendetodos" title="Fuendetodos">Fuendetodos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> to a middle-class family in 1746. He studied painting from age 14 under <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luz%C3%A1n" title="José Luzán">José Luzán y Martinez</a> and moved to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> to study with <a href="/wiki/Anton_Raphael_Mengs" title="Anton Raphael Mengs">Anton Raphael Mengs</a>. He married Josefa Bayeu in 1773. Goya became a court painter to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Crown">Spanish Crown</a> in 1786 and this early portion of his career is marked by portraits of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocracy</a> and royalty, and <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a>-style <a href="/wiki/List_of_Francisco_Goya%27s_tapestry_cartoons" title="List of Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons">tapestry cartoons</a> designed for the royal palace. </p><p>Although Goya's letters and writings survive, little is known about his thoughts. He had a severe and undiagnosed illness in 1793 that left him <a href="/wiki/Deafness" title="Deafness">deaf</a>, after which his work became progressively darker and more pessimistic. His later <a href="/wiki/Easel" title="Easel">easel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">mural</a> paintings, <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">prints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawings</a> appear to reflect a bleak outlook on personal, social, and political levels and contrast with his social climbing. He was appointed Director of the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando" title="Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando">Royal Academy</a> in 1795, the year <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Godoy" title="Manuel Godoy">Manuel Godoy</a> made an unfavorable treaty with France. In 1799, Goya became <i>Primer Pintor de Cámara</i> (Prime Court Painter), the highest rank for a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Court_painter" title="Court painter">court painter</a>. In the late 1790s, commissioned by Godoy, he completed his <i><a href="/wiki/La_maja_desnuda" title="La maja desnuda">La maja desnuda</a></i>, a remarkably daring nude for the time and clearly indebted to <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>. In 1800–01, he painted <i><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain_and_His_Family" title="Charles IV of Spain and His Family">Charles IV of Spain and His Family</a></i>, also influenced by Velázquez. </p><p>In 1807, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> led the French army into the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> against Spain. Goya remained in Madrid during the war, which seems to have affected him deeply. Although he did not speak his thoughts in public, they can be inferred from his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War" title="The Disasters of War">Disasters of War</a></i> series of prints (although published 35 years after his death) and his 1814 paintings <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_of_May_1808" title="The Second of May 1808">The Second of May 1808</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_of_May_1808" title="The Third of May 1808">The Third of May 1808</a></i>. Other works from his mid-period include the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Caprichos" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Caprichos">Caprichos</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Disparates" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Disparates">Los Disparates</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a> series, and a wide variety of paintings concerned with <a href="/wiki/Yard_with_Lunatics" title="Yard with Lunatics">insanity</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Madhouse" title="The Madhouse">mental asylums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Flight" title="Witches' Flight">witches</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bewitched_Man" title="The Bewitched Man">fantastical creatures</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Inquisition_Tribunal" title="The Inquisition Tribunal">religious</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Junta_of_the_Philippines" title="The Junta of the Philippines">political corruption</a>, all of which suggest that he feared for both his country's fate and his own mental and physical health. </p><p>His late period culminates with the <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Paintings" title="Black Paintings">Black Paintings</a></i> of 1819–1823, applied on oil on the plaster walls of his house the <a href="/wiki/Quinta_del_Sordo" title="Quinta del Sordo">Quinta del Sordo</a> (<i>House of the Deaf Man</i>) where, disillusioned by political and social developments in Spain, he lived in near isolation. Goya eventually abandoned Spain in 1824 to retire to the French city of <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, accompanied by his much younger maid and companion, <a href="/wiki/Leocadia_Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="Leocadia Weiss">Leocadia Weiss</a>, who may have been his lover. There he completed his <i><a href="/wiki/La_Tauromaquia" title="La Tauromaquia">La Tauromaquia</a></i> series and a number of other works. Following a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> that left him paralyzed on his right side, Goya died and was buried on 16 April 1828 aged 82. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years_(1746–1771)"><span id="Early_years_.281746.E2.80.931771.29"></span>Early years (1746–1771)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years (1746–1771)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya,_Fuendetodos,_Zaragoza,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2015-01-08,_DD_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya%2C_Fuendetodos%2C_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-01-08%2C_DD_06.JPG/220px-Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya%2C_Fuendetodos%2C_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-01-08%2C_DD_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya%2C_Fuendetodos%2C_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-01-08%2C_DD_06.JPG/330px-Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya%2C_Fuendetodos%2C_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-01-08%2C_DD_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya%2C_Fuendetodos%2C_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-01-08%2C_DD_06.JPG/440px-Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya%2C_Fuendetodos%2C_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-01-08%2C_DD_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5272" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Birth house of Francisco Goya, Fuendetodos, Zaragoza</figcaption></figure> <p>Francisco de Goya was born in <a href="/wiki/Fuendetodos" title="Fuendetodos">Fuendetodos</a>, Aragón, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931808)" title="History of Spain (1700–1808)">Spain</a>, on 30 March 1746 to José Benito de Goya y Franque and Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador. The family had moved that year from the city of <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, but there is no record of why; likely, José was commissioned to work there.<sup id="cite_ref-h32_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were lower middle-class. José was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">notary</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque</a> origin, his ancestors being from <a href="/wiki/Zerain" title="Zerain">Zerain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> earning his living as a <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilder</a>, specialising in religious and decorative craftwork.<sup id="cite_ref-c67_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c67-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He oversaw the gilding and most of the ornamentation during the rebuilding of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar">Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar</a> (<i>Santa Maria del Pilar</i>), the principal cathedral of Zaragoza. Francisco was their fourth child, following his sister Rita (b. 1737), brother Tomás (b. 1739) (who was to follow in his father's trade) and second sister Jacinta (b. 1743). There were two younger sons, Mariano (b. 1750) and Camilo (b. 1753).<sup id="cite_ref-h27_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h27-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His mother's family had pretensions of nobility and the house, a modest brick cottage, was owned by her family and, perhaps fancifully, bore their <a href="/wiki/Family_crest" class="mw-redirect" title="Family crest">crest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-c67_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c67-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1749 José and Gracia bought a home in Zaragoza and were able to return to live in the city. Although there are no surviving records, it is thought that Goya may have attended the Escuelas Pías de San Antón, which offered free schooling. His education seems to have been adequate but not enlightening; he had reading, writing and numeracy, and some knowledge of the classics. According to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(critic)" title="Robert Hughes (critic)">Robert Hughes</a> the artist "seems to have taken no more interest than a carpenter in philosophical or theological matters, and his views on painting ... were very down to earth: Goya was no theoretician."<sup id="cite_ref-h33_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At school he formed a close and lifelong friendship with fellow pupil <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Zapater" title="Martín Zapater">Martín Zapater</a>; the 131 letters Goya wrote to him from 1775 until Zapater's death in 1803 give valuable insight into Goya's early years at the court in Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-h32_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visit_to_Italy">Visit to Italy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Visit to Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At age 14 Goya studied under the painter <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luz%C3%A1n" title="José Luzán">José Luzán</a>, where he copied stamps<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> for 4 years until he decided to work on his own, as he wrote later on "paint from my invention".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to Madrid to study with <a href="/wiki/Anton_Raphael_Mengs" title="Anton Raphael Mengs">Anton Raphael Mengs</a>, a popular painter with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> royalty. He clashed with his master, and his examinations were unsatisfactory. Goya submitted entries for the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando" title="Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando">Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando</a> in 1763 and 1766 but was denied entrance into the academia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg/150px-Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg/225px-Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg/300px-Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption><i>Portrait of Josefa Bayeu</i> (1747–1812)</figcaption></figure> <p>Rome was then the cultural capital of Europe and held all the prototypes of classical antiquity, while Spain lacked a coherent artistic direction, with all of its significant visual achievements in the past. Having failed to earn a scholarship, Goya relocated at his own expense to Rome in the old tradition of European artists stretching back at least to <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h34_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h34-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an unknown at the time and so the records are scant and uncertain. Early biographers have him travelling to Rome with a gang of bullfighters, where he worked as a street <a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">acrobat</a>, or for a Russian diplomat, or fell in love with a beautiful young nun whom he plotted to abduct from her convent.<sup id="cite_ref-h37_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h37-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that Goya completed two surviving mythological paintings during the visit, a <i>Sacrifice to Vesta</i> and a <i>Sacrifice to Pan</i>, both dated 1771.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1771 he won second prize in a painting competition organized by the City of <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>. That year he returned to Zaragoza and painted elements of the <a href="/wiki/Cupola" title="Cupola">cupolas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar">Basilica of the Pillar</a> (including <i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Name_of_God" title="Adoration of the Name of God">Adoration of the Name of God</a></i>), a <a href="/wiki/Frescoes_in_the_Cartuja_de_Aula_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Frescoes in the Cartuja de Aula Dei">cycle of frescoes</a> for the monastic church of the <a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_of_Aula_Dei" title="Charterhouse of Aula Dei">Charterhouse of Aula Dei</a>, and the frescoes of the Sobradiel Palace. He studied with the Aragonese artist <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Bayeu_y_Sub%C3%ADas" title="Francisco Bayeu y Subías">Francisco Bayeu y Subías</a> and his painting began to show signs of the delicate tonalities for which he became famous. He befriended Francisco Bayeu and married his sister <a href="/wiki/Josefa_Bayeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Josefa Bayeu">Josefa</a> (he nicknamed her "Pepa")<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 25 July 1773. Their first child, Antonio Juan Ramon Carlos, was born on 29 August 1774.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of their seven children only one, a son named Javier, survived into adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Madrid_(1775–1789)"><span id="Madrid_.281775.E2.80.931789.29"></span>Madrid (1775–1789)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Madrid (1775–1789)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya%27s_tapestry_cartoons" title="Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons">Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Francisco_Goya%27s_tapestry_cartoons" title="List of Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons">List of Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caza_con_reclamo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Caza_con_reclamo.jpg/180px-Caza_con_reclamo.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Caza_con_reclamo.jpg/270px-Caza_con_reclamo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Caza_con_reclamo.jpg/360px-Caza_con_reclamo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption><i>Caza con reclamo</i> (1775)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Quitasol_(Goya).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/El_Quitasol_%28Goya%29.jpg/180px-El_Quitasol_%28Goya%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/El_Quitasol_%28Goya%29.jpg/270px-El_Quitasol_%28Goya%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/El_Quitasol_%28Goya%29.jpg/360px-El_Quitasol_%28Goya%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="2114" /></a><figcaption><i>The Parasol</i>, 1777</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Bayeu_y_Sub%C3%ADas" title="Francisco Bayeu y Subías">Francisco Bayeu</a> (Josefa Bayeu's brother), 1765 membership of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, and directorship of the tapestry works from 1777 helped Goya earn a commission for a series of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya%27s_tapestry_cartoons" title="Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons">tapestry cartoons</a> for the Royal Tapestry Factory. Over five years he designed some 42 patterns, many of which were used to decorate and insulate the stone walls of <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_El_Pardo" title="Royal Palace of El Pardo">Palacio Real del Pardo</a>, the residences of the Spanish monarchs. While designing tapestries was neither prestigious nor well paid, his cartoons are mostly popular in a <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">rococo</a> style, and Goya used them to bring himself to wider attention.<sup id="cite_ref-hh7_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hh7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cartoons were not his only royal commissions and were accompanied by a series of engravings, mostly copies after old masters such as <a href="/wiki/Marcantonio_Raimondi" title="Marcantonio Raimondi">Marcantonio Raimondi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Velázquez</a>. Goya had a complicated relationship with the latter artist; while many of his contemporaries saw folly in Goya's attempts to copy and emulate him, he had access to a wide range of the long-dead painter's works that had been contained in the royal collection.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, etching was a medium that the young artist was to master, a medium that was to reveal both the true depths of his imagination and his political beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1779</span> etching of <i>The Garrotted Man</i> ("El agarrotado"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was the largest work he had produced to date, and an obvious foreboding of his later "<a href="/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War" title="The Disasters of War">Disasters of War</a>" series.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg/140px-Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg/210px-Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg/280px-Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>The Garroted Man</i>, before 1780. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>Goya was beset by illness, and his condition was used against him by his rivals, who looked jealously upon any artist seen to be rising in stature. Some of the larger cartoons, such as <i>The Wedding</i>, were more than 8 by 10 feet, and had proved a drain on his physical strength. Ever resourceful, Goya turned this misfortune around, claiming that his illness had allowed him the insight to produce works that were more personal and informal.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he found the format limiting, as it did not allow him to capture complex color shifts or texture, and was unsuited to the <a href="/wiki/Impasto" title="Impasto">impasto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glaze_(painting_technique)" title="Glaze (painting technique)">glazing</a> techniques he was by then applying to his painted works. The tapestries seem as comments on human types, fashion and fads.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other works from the period include a canvas for the altar of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_el_Grande_Basilica,_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco el Grande Basilica, Madrid">Church of San Francisco El Grande</a> in Madrid, which led to his appointment as a member of the Royal Academy of Fine Art. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court_painter">Court painter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Court painter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Francisco_Goya" title="List of works by Francisco Goya">List of works by Francisco Goya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paintings_for_the_alameda_of_the_Dukes_of_Osuna" title="Paintings for the alameda of the Dukes of Osuna">Paintings for the alameda of the Dukes of Osuna</a></div> <p>In 1783, the <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mo%C3%B1ino_y_Redondo,_conde_de_Floridablanca" class="mw-redirect" title="José Moñino y Redondo, conde de Floridablanca">Count of Floridablanca</a>, favorite of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">King Charles III</a>, commissioned Goya to paint his portrait. He became friends with the King's half-brother <a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis,_Count_of_Chinch%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón">Luis</a>, and spent two summers working on portraits of both the Infante and his family.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1780s, his circle of patrons grew to include the <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Josefa_Pimentel,_Duchess_of_Osuna" title="María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna">Duke and Duchess of Osuna</a>, the King and other notable people of the kingdom whom he painted. In 1786, Goya was given a salaried position as a painter to Charles III. </p><p>Goya was appointed court painter to Charles IV in 1789. The following year he became First Court Painter, with a salary of 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_real" title="Spanish real">reales</a> and an allowance of 500 <a href="/wiki/Ducat" title="Ducat">ducats</a> for a coach. He painted portraits of the king and the queen, and the Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Godoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel de Godoy">Manuel de Godoy</a> and many other nobles. These portraits are notable for their disinclination to flatter; his <i><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain_and_His_Family" title="Charles IV of Spain and His Family">Charles IV of Spain and His Family</a></i> is an especially brutal assessment of a royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern interpreters view the portrait as satirical; it is thought to reveal the corruption behind the rule of Charles IV. Under his reign his wife <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Maria Luisa of Parma">Louisa</a> was thought to have had the real power, and thus Goya placed her at the center of the group portrait. From the back left of the painting one can see the artist himself looking out at the viewer, and the painting behind the family depicts <a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a> and his daughters, thus once again echoing the underlying message of corruption and decay.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goya earned commissions from the highest ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">Spanish nobility</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Pedro_T%C3%A9llez-Gir%C3%B3n,_9th_Duke_of_Osuna" title="Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna">Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Josefa_Pimentel,_12th_Countess-Duchess_of_Benavente" class="mw-redirect" title="María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Countess-Duchess of Benavente">María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Countess-Duchess of Benavente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_Duke_of_Alba" title="José Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba">José Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Cayetana_de_Silva,_13th_Duchess_of_Alba" title="María Cayetana de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba">María del Pilar de Silva</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Ana_de_Pontejos_y_Sandoval,_Marchioness_of_Pontejos" title="María Ana de Pontejos y Sandoval, Marchioness of Pontejos">María Ana de Pontejos y Sandoval, Marchioness of Pontejos</a>. In 1801 he painted Godoy in a commission to commemorate the victory in the brief <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Oranges" title="War of the Oranges">War of the Oranges</a> against Portugal. The two were friends, even if Goya's <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Manuel_Godoy" title="Portrait of Manuel Godoy">1801 portrait</a> is usually seen as satire. Yet even after Godoy's fall from grace the politician referred to the artist in warm terms. Godoy saw himself as instrumental in the publication of the Caprichos and is widely believed to have commissioned <i><a href="/wiki/La_maja_desnuda" title="La maja desnuda">La maja desnuda</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:692px;max-width:692px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:228px;max-width:228px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_familia_del_infante_don_Luis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/La_familia_del_infante_don_Luis.jpg/226px-La_familia_del_infante_don_Luis.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/La_familia_del_infante_don_Luis.jpg/339px-La_familia_del_infante_don_Luis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/La_familia_del_infante_don_Luis.jpg/452px-La_familia_del_infante_don_Luis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_of_the_Infante_Don_Luis" title="The Family of the Infante Don Luis">The Family of the Infante Don Luis</a></i>, 1784. Magnani-Rocca, <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_familia_de_Carlos_IV,_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/203px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/305px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/406px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1595" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain_and_His_Family" title="Charles IV of Spain and His Family">Charles IV of Spain and His Family</a></i>, 1800–01<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:253px;max-width:253px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Goya_-_Godoy_como_general_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Francisco_de_Goya_-_Godoy_como_general_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/251px-Francisco_de_Goya_-_Godoy_como_general_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Francisco_de_Goya_-_Godoy_como_general_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/377px-Francisco_de_Goya_-_Godoy_como_general_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Francisco_de_Goya_-_Godoy_como_general_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/502px-Francisco_de_Goya_-_Godoy_como_general_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4567" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Manuel_Godoy" title="Portrait of Manuel Godoy">Portrait of Manuel Godoy</a></i>, 1801. Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_period_(1793–1799)"><span id="Middle_period_.281793.E2.80.931799.29"></span>Middle period (1793–1799)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle period (1793–1799)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:568px;max-width:568px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goya_Maja_naga2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="La maja desnuda, 1790–1800" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Goya_Maja_naga2.jpg/280px-Goya_Maja_naga2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Goya_Maja_naga2.jpg/420px-Goya_Maja_naga2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Goya_Maja_naga2.jpg/560px-Goya_Maja_naga2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="2396" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><i><a href="/wiki/La_maja_desnuda" title="La maja desnuda">La maja desnuda</a></i>, 1790–1800</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maja_vestida_(Prado).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maja_vestida_%28Prado%29.jpg/280px-Maja_vestida_%28Prado%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maja_vestida_%28Prado%29.jpg/420px-Maja_vestida_%28Prado%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maja_vestida_%28Prado%29.jpg/560px-Maja_vestida_%28Prado%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="2375" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><i><a href="/wiki/La_maja_vestida" title="La maja vestida">La maja vestida</a></i>, 1800–1805</div></div></div></div></div> <p><i>La Maja Desnuda</i> (<i>La maja desnuda</i>) has been described as "the first totally profane life-size female nude in Western art" without pretense to allegorical or mythological meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identity of the <i>Majas</i> is uncertain. The most popularly cited models are the <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Cayetana_de_Silva,_13th_Duchess_of_Alba" title="María Cayetana de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba">Duchess of Alba</a>, with whom Goya was sometimes thought to have had an affair, and Pepita Tudó, mistress of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Godoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel de Godoy">Manuel de Godoy</a>. Neither theory has been verified, and it remains as likely that the paintings represent an idealized composite.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paintings were never publicly exhibited during Goya's lifetime and were owned by Godoy.<sup id="cite_ref-g_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1808 all Godoy's property was seized by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII" title="Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand VII</a> after his fall from power and exile, and in 1813 the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Inquisition</a> confiscated both works as 'obscene', returning them in 1836 to the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1798 he painted luminous and airy scenes for the <a href="/wiki/Pendentive" title="Pendentive">pendentives</a> and cupola of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Chapel_of_St._Anthony_of_La_Florida" title="Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida">Real Ermita (Chapel) of San Antonio de la Florida</a> in Madrid. His depiction of a miracle of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony_of_Padua" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anthony of Padua">Saint Anthony of Padua</a> is devoid of the customary angels and instead treats the miracle as if it were a theatrical event performed by ordinary people.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_del_Prado_-_Goya_-_Caprichos_-_No._43_-_El_sue%C3%B1o_de_la_razon_produce_monstruos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Museo_del_Prado_-_Goya_-_Caprichos_-_No._43_-_El_sue%C3%B1o_de_la_razon_produce_monstruos.jpg/140px-Museo_del_Prado_-_Goya_-_Caprichos_-_No._43_-_El_sue%C3%B1o_de_la_razon_produce_monstruos.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Museo_del_Prado_-_Goya_-_Caprichos_-_No._43_-_El_sue%C3%B1o_de_la_razon_produce_monstruos.jpg/210px-Museo_del_Prado_-_Goya_-_Caprichos_-_No._43_-_El_sue%C3%B1o_de_la_razon_produce_monstruos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Museo_del_Prado_-_Goya_-_Caprichos_-_No._43_-_El_sue%C3%B1o_de_la_razon_produce_monstruos.jpg/280px-Museo_del_Prado_-_Goya_-_Caprichos_-_No._43_-_El_sue%C3%B1o_de_la_razon_produce_monstruos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="2512" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleep_of_Reason_Produces_Monsters" title="The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters">The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1797</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>21.5 cm × 15 cm (<span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in × <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in)</figcaption></figure> <p>At some time between late 1792 and early 1793, an undiagnosed illness left Goya deaf. He became withdrawn and introspective while the direction and tone of his work changed. He began the series of <a href="/wiki/Aquatint" title="Aquatint">aquatinted</a> <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etchings</a>, published in 1799 as the <i><a href="/wiki/Caprichos" class="mw-redirect" title="Caprichos">Caprichos</a></i>—completed in parallel with the more official commissions of portraits and religious paintings. In 1799 Goya published 80 <i>Caprichos</i> prints depicting what he described as "the innumerable foibles and follies to be found in any civilized society, and from the common prejudices and deceitful practices which custom, ignorance, or self-interest have made usual".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The visions in these prints are partly explained by the caption "The sleep of reason produces monsters". Yet these are not solely bleak; they demonstrate the artist's sharp satirical wit, as in <i>Capricho</i> number 52, <i>What a Tailor Can Do!</i><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While convalescing between 1793 and 1794, Goya completed a set of eleven small pictures painted on tin that marked a significant change in the tone and subject matter of his art, and drew from the dark and dramatic realms of fantasy nightmare. <i><a href="/wiki/Yard_with_Lunatics" title="Yard with Lunatics">Yard with Lunatics</a></i> is a vision of loneliness, fear and social alienation. The condemnation of brutality towards prisoners (whether criminal or insane) is a subject that Goya assayed in later works<sup id="cite_ref-Eisenman2007_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisenman2007-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that focused on the degradation of the human figure.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of the first of Goya's mid-1790s <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_painting" title="Cabinet painting">cabinet paintings</a>, in which his earlier search for ideal beauty gave way to an examination of the relationship between naturalism and fantasy that would preoccupy him for the rest of his career.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was undergoing a nervous breakdown and entering prolonged physical illness,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and admitted that the series was created to reflect his own self-doubt, anxiety and fear that he was losing his mind.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goya wrote that the works served "to occupy my imagination, tormented as it is by contemplation of my sufferings."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series, he said, consisted of pictures which "normally find no place in commissioned works".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goya's physical and mental breakdown seems to have happened a few weeks after the French declaration of war on Spain. A contemporary reported, "The noises in his head and deafness aren't improving, yet his vision is much better and he is back in control of his balance."<sup id="cite_ref-Hustvedt2006_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hustvedt2006-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These symptoms may indicate a prolonged viral encephalitis, or possibly a series of miniature strokes resulting from high blood pressure and which affected the hearing and balance centres of the brain. Symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">tinnitus</a>, episodes of <a href="/wiki/Balance_disorder" title="Balance disorder">imbalance</a> and progressive <a href="/wiki/Deafness" title="Deafness">deafness</a> are typical of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re%27s_disease" title="Ménière's disease">Ménière's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gedo1985_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gedo1985-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that Goya had cumulative <a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">lead poisoning</a>, as he used massive amounts of <a href="/wiki/Lead_white" title="Lead white">lead white</a>—which he ground himself<sup id="cite_ref-HCC_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—in his paintings, both as a canvas primer and as a primary colour.<sup id="cite_ref-Hollandsworth1990_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hollandsworth1990-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Connell2004_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connell2004-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other postmortem diagnostic assessments include <a href="/wiki/Susac%27s_syndrome" title="Susac's syndrome">Susac's syndrome</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or may point toward paranoid dementia, possibly due to brain trauma, as evidenced by marked changes in his work after his recovery, culminating in the "black" paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-ChuDixon2008_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChuDixon2008-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art historians have noted Goya's singular ability to express his personal demons as horrific and fantastic imagery that speaks universally, and allows his audience to find its own catharsis in the images.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams2011_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams2011-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peninsular_War_(1808–1814)"><span id="Peninsular_War_.281808.E2.80.931814.29"></span>Peninsular War (1808–1814)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Peninsular War (1808–1814)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French army invaded Spain in 1808, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> of 1808–1814. The extent of Goya's involvement with the court of the "intruder king", <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a>, the brother of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, is not known; he painted works for French patrons and sympathisers, but kept neutral during the fighting. After the restoration of the Spanish King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII</a> in 1814, Goya denied any involvement with the French. By the time of his wife Josefa's death in 1812, he was painting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_of_May_1808" title="The Second of May 1808">The Second of May 1808</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_of_May_1808" title="The Third of May 1808">The Third of May 1808</a></i>, and preparing the series of etchings later known as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War" title="The Disasters of War">The Disasters of War</a></i> (<i>Los desastres de la guerra</i>). Ferdinand VII returned to Spain in 1814 but relations with Goya were not cordial. The artist completed portraits of the king for a variety of ministries, but not for the king himself. </p><p>Although Goya did not make his intention known when creating <i>The Disasters of War</i>, art historians view them as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808 <a href="/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising" title="Dos de Mayo Uprising">Dos de Mayo Uprising</a>, the subsequent Peninsular War and the move against liberalism in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810–73)">restoration of the Bourbon monarchy</a> in 1814. The scenes are singularly disturbing, sometimes macabre in their depiction of battlefield horror, and represent an outraged conscience in the face of death and destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-Bareau,_45_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bareau,_45-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were not published until 1863, 35 years after his death. It is likely that only then was it considered politically safe to distribute a sequence of artworks criticising both the French and restored Bourbons.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2003_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_2003-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first 47 plates in the series focus on incidents from the war and show the consequences of the conflict on individual soldiers and civilians. The middle series (plates 48 to 64) record the effects of the famine that hit Madrid in 1811–12, before the city was liberated from the French. The final 17 reflect the bitter disappointment of liberals when the restored Bourbon monarchy, encouraged by the Catholic hierarchy, rejected the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">Spanish Constitution of 1812</a> and opposed both state and religious reform. Since their first publication, Goya's scenes of atrocities, starvation, degradation and humiliation have been described as the "prodigious flowering of rage".<sup id="cite_ref-C175_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C175-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Tres_de_Mayo,_by_Francisco_de_Goya,_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Third of May 1808, 1814. Oil on canvas, 266 cm × 345 cm (105 in × 136 in). Museo del Prado, Madrid"><img alt="The Third of May 1808, 1814. Oil on canvas, 266 cm × 345 cm (105 in × 136 in). Museo del Prado, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/246px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/369px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/492px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="29294" data-file-height="22626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_of_May_1808" title="The Third of May 1808">The Third of May 1808</a></i>, 1814. Oil on canvas, 266 cm × 345 cm (105 in × 136 in). <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a></span></span>, Madrid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Second of May 1808, 1814"><img alt="The Second of May 1808, 1814" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/246px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/369px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/492px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="2359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_of_May_1808" title="The Second of May 1808">The Second of May 1808</a></i>, 1814</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._04_-_Las_mugeres_dan_valor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plate 4: Las mujeres dan valor (The women are courageous). This plate depicts a struggle between a group of civilians fighting soldiers."><img alt="Plate 4: Las mujeres dan valor (The women are courageous). This plate depicts a struggle between a group of civilians fighting soldiers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._04_-_Las_mugeres_dan_valor.jpg/250px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._04_-_Las_mugeres_dan_valor.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._04_-_Las_mugeres_dan_valor.jpg/375px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._04_-_Las_mugeres_dan_valor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._04_-_Las_mugeres_dan_valor.jpg/500px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._04_-_Las_mugeres_dan_valor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="2234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plate 4: <i>Las mujeres dan valor</i> (<i>The women are courageous</i>). This plate depicts a struggle between a group of civilians fighting soldiers.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._05_-_Y_son_fieras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plate 5: Y son fieras (And they are fierce or And they fight like wild beasts). Civilian women fight against soldiers with spears and rocks."><img alt="Plate 5: Y son fieras (And they are fierce or And they fight like wild beasts). Civilian women fight against soldiers with spears and rocks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._05_-_Y_son_fieras.jpg/250px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._05_-_Y_son_fieras.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._05_-_Y_son_fieras.jpg/375px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._05_-_Y_son_fieras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._05_-_Y_son_fieras.jpg/500px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._05_-_Y_son_fieras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="2191" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plate 5: <i>Y son fieras</i> (<i>And they are fierce</i> or <i>And they fight like wild beasts</i>). Civilian women fight against soldiers with spears and rocks.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._46_-_Esto_es_malo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plate 46: Esto es malo (This is bad). A monk is killed by French soldiers looting church treasures. A rare sympathetic image of clergy, who were generally shown on the side of oppression and injustice.[53]"><img alt="Soldiers in large fur hats, long coats and winter uniforms murder priests by running them through with their long bladed swords." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._46_-_Esto_es_malo.jpg/249px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._46_-_Esto_es_malo.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._46_-_Esto_es_malo.jpg/373px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._46_-_Esto_es_malo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._46_-_Esto_es_malo.jpg/497px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._46_-_Esto_es_malo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plate 46: <i>Esto es malo</i> (<i>This is bad</i>). A monk is killed by French soldiers looting church treasures. A rare sympathetic image of clergy, who were generally shown on the side of oppression and injustice.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._47_-_As%C3%AD_sucedi%C3%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plate 47: Así sucedió (This is how it happened). The last print in the first group. Murdered monks lie by French soldiers looting church treasures."><img alt="Plate 47: Así sucedió (This is how it happened). The last print in the first group. Murdered monks lie by French soldiers looting church treasures." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._47_-_As%C3%AD_sucedi%C3%B3.jpg/250px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._47_-_As%C3%AD_sucedi%C3%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._47_-_As%C3%AD_sucedi%C3%B3.jpg/375px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._47_-_As%C3%AD_sucedi%C3%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._47_-_As%C3%AD_sucedi%C3%B3.jpg/500px-Prado_-_Los_Desastres_de_la_Guerra_-_No._47_-_As%C3%AD_sucedi%C3%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="2234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plate 47: <i>Así sucedió</i> (<i>This is how it happened</i>). The last print in the first group. Murdered monks lie by French soldiers looting church treasures.</div> </li> </ul> <p>His works from 1814 to 1819 are mostly commissioned portraits, but also include the altarpiece of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Justa_and_Santa_Rufina" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Justa and Santa Rufina">Santa Justa and Santa Rufina</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Seville_Cathedral" title="Seville Cathedral">Cathedral of Seville</a>, the print series of <i><a href="/wiki/La_Tauromaquia" title="La Tauromaquia">La Tauromaquia</a></i> depicting scenes from <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a>, and probably the etchings of <i><a href="/wiki/Los_disparates" title="Los disparates">Los Disparates</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quinta_del_Sordo_and_Black_Paintings_(1819–1822)"><span id="Quinta_del_Sordo_and_Black_Paintings_.281819.E2.80.931822.29"></span>Quinta del Sordo and Black Paintings (1819–1822)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Quinta del Sordo and Black Paintings (1819–1822)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Goya,_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_(1819-1823).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francisco_de_Goya%2C_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_%281819-1823%29.jpg/220px-Francisco_de_Goya%2C_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_%281819-1823%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francisco_de_Goya%2C_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_%281819-1823%29.jpg/330px-Francisco_de_Goya%2C_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_%281819-1823%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francisco_de_Goya%2C_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_%281819-1823%29.jpg/440px-Francisco_de_Goya%2C_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_%281819-1823%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1661" data-file-height="3051" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Devouring_His_Son" title="Saturn Devouring His Son">Saturn Devouring His Son</a></i>, 1819–1823.</figcaption></figure> <p>Records of Goya's later life are relatively scant, and ever politically aware, he suppressed a number of his works from this period, working instead in private.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was tormented by a dread of old age and fear of madness.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goya had been a successful and royally placed artist, but withdrew from public life during his final years. From the late 1810s he lived in near-solitude outside Madrid in a farmhouse converted into a studio. The house had become known as "La <a href="/wiki/Quinta_del_Sordo" title="Quinta del Sordo">Quinta del Sordo</a>" (The House of the Deaf Man), after the nearest farmhouse that had coincidentally also belonged to a deaf man.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Art historians assume Goya felt alienated from the social and political trends that followed the 1814 <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810–73)">restoration of the Bourbon monarchy</a>, and that he viewed these developments as reactionary means of social control. In his unpublished art he seems to have railed against what he saw as a tactical retreat into <a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYM_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYM-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that he had hoped for political and religious reform, but like many liberals became disillusioned when the restored Bourbon monarchy and Catholic hierarchy rejected the Spanish Constitution of 1812.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the age of 75, alone and in mental and physical despair, he completed the work of his 14 <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Paintings" title="Black Paintings">Black Paintings</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of which were executed in oil directly onto the plaster walls of his house. Goya did not intend for the paintings to be exhibited, did not write of them,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and likely never spoke of them.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1874, 50 years after his death, they were taken down and <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_panel_paintings" title="Transfer of panel paintings">transferred to a canvas support</a> by owner <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_%C3%89mile_d%27Erlanger" title="Frédéric Émile d'Erlanger">Baron Frédéric Émile d'Erlanger</a>. Many of the works were significantly altered during the restoration, and in the words of Arthur Lubow what remain are "at best a crude facsimile of what Goya painted."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effects of time on the murals, coupled with the inevitable damage caused by the delicate operation of mounting the crumbling plaster on canvas, meant that most of the murals suffered extensive damage and loss of paint. Today, they are on permanent display at the <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a></span></span>, Madrid. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches%27_Sabbath_(The_Great_He-Goat).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="In an array of earthen colors, a black silhouetted horned figure to the left foreground presides over and addresses a large circle of a tightly packed group of wide-eyed intense, scary, elderly and unruly women" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches%27_Sabbath_%28The_Great_He-Goat%29.jpg/600px-Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches%27_Sabbath_%28The_Great_He-Goat%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches%27_Sabbath_%28The_Great_He-Goat%29.jpg/900px-Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches%27_Sabbath_%28The_Great_He-Goat%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches%27_Sabbath_%28The_Great_He-Goat%29.jpg/1200px-Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches%27_Sabbath_%28The_Great_He-Goat%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath_(The_Great_He-Goat)" title="Witches' Sabbath (The Great He-Goat)"><i>Witches' Sabbath</i> or <i>Aquelarre</i></a> is one of 14 from the <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Paintings" title="Black Paintings">Black Paintings</a></i> series.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bordeaux_(October_1824_–_1828)"><span id="Bordeaux_.28October_1824_.E2.80.93_1828.29"></span>Bordeaux (October 1824 – 1828)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bordeaux (October 1824 – 1828)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goya_MilkMaid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Goya_MilkMaid.jpg/220px-Goya_MilkMaid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Goya_MilkMaid.jpg/330px-Goya_MilkMaid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Goya_MilkMaid.jpg/440px-Goya_MilkMaid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Milkmaid_of_Bordeaux" title="The Milkmaid of Bordeaux">The Milkmaid of Bordeaux</a></i>, 1825–27, is the third and final Goya portrait which may depict Leocadia Weiss.<sup id="cite_ref-H402_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H402-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Leocadia_Zorrilla" title="Leocadia Zorrilla">Leocadia Weiss</a> (née Zorrilla, 1790–1856),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the artist's maid, younger by 35 years, and a distant relative,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lived with and cared for Goya after Bayeu's death. She stayed with him in his <a href="/wiki/Black_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Black paintings">Quinta del Sordo</a> villa until 1824 with her daughter <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Weiss_Zorrilla" title="Rosario Weiss Zorrilla">Rosario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BU79_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BU79-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leocadia was probably similar in features to Goya's first wife Josefa Bayeu, to the point that one of his well-known portraits bears the cautious title of <i>Josefa Bayeu (or Leocadia Weiss)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not much is known about her beyond her fiery temperament. She was likely related to the Goicoechea family, a wealthy dynasty into which the artist's son, Javier, had married. It is known that Leocadia had an unhappy marriage with a jeweler, Isidore Weiss, but was separated from him since 1811, after he had accused her of "illicit conduct". She had two children before that time, and bore a third, Rosario, in 1814 when she was 26. Isidore was not the father, and it has often been speculated—although with little firm evidence—that the child belonged to Goya.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been much speculation that Goya and Weiss were romantically linked; however, it is more likely the affection between them was sentimental.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goya died on 16 April 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leocadia was left nothing in Goya's will; mistresses were often omitted in such circumstances, but it is also likely that he did not want to dwell on his mortality by thinking about or revising his will. She wrote to a number of Goya's friends to complain of her exclusion but many of her friends were Goya's also and by then were old men or had died, and did not reply. Largely destitute, she moved into rented accommodation, later passing on her copy of the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_caprichos" title="Los caprichos">Caprichos</a></i> for free.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goya's body was later re-interred in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Chapel_of_St._Anthony_of_La_Florida" title="Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida">Real Ermita de San Antonio de la Florida</a> in Madrid. Goya's skull was missing, a detail the Spanish consul immediately communicated to his superiors in Madrid, who wired back, "Send Goya, with or without head."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goya's_influence_on_modern_and_contemporary_artists_and_writers"><span id="Goya.27s_influence_on_modern_and_contemporary_artists_and_writers"></span>Goya's influence on modern and contemporary artists and writers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Goya's influence on modern and contemporary artists and writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goya is often referred to as the last of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Master" title="Old Master">Old Masters</a> and the first of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">moderns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the 20th-century painters influenced by Goya are the Spanish masters <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a> who drew influence from <i><a href="/wiki/Los_caprichos" title="Los caprichos">Los caprichos</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Paintings" title="Black Paintings">Black Paintings</a></i> of Goya.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, American postmodern painters such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Zansky" title="Michael Zansky">Michael Zansky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Rubenstein" title="Bradley Rubenstein">Bradley Rubenstein</a> draw inspiration from "The Dream of Reason Produces Monsters" (1796–98) and Goya's <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Paintings" title="Black Paintings">Black Paintings</a></i>. Zanksy's "Giants and Dwarf Series" (1990–2002) of large-scale paintings and wood carvings use imagery from Goya.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goya's influence has extended beyond the visual arts: </p> <ul><li>The Spanish composer <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Granados" title="Enrique Granados">Enrique Granados</a> wrote a suite for solo piano in 1911 based on Goya's paintings called <i><a href="/wiki/Goyescas" title="Goyescas">Goyescas</a></i>, and later wrote <a href="/wiki/Goyescas_(opera)" title="Goyescas (opera)">an opera</a> of the same name based on the suite.</li> <li>Spanish author <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Arrabal" title="Fernando Arrabal">Fernando Arrabal</a>'s novel <i>The Burial of the Sardine</i> was inspired by Goya's painting.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Russian poet <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Voznesensky" title="Andrei Voznesensky">Andrei Voznesensky</a>'s <i>I Am Goya</i> was inspired by Goya's anti-war paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The video game Impasto was based on the works of Goya.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2024, an extensive exhibition of Goya's etchings was held at the <a href="/wiki/Norton_Simon_Museum" title="Norton Simon Museum">Norton Simon Museum</a> in Southern California.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films_and_television">Films and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Films and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Goya: Crazy Like a Genius</i> (2002), a documentary by Ian MacMillan, presented by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(critic)" title="Robert Hughes (critic)">Robert Hughes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya%27s_Ghosts" title="Goya's Ghosts">Goya's Ghosts</a></i> (2006), directed by <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volav%C3%A9runt" title="Volavérunt">Volavérunt</a></i> (1999), directed by <a href="/wiki/Bigas_Luna" title="Bigas Luna">Bigas Luna</a> and based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Larreta" title="Antonio Larreta">Antonio Larreta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya_in_Bordeaux" title="Goya in Bordeaux">Goya in Bordeaux</a></i> (1999), Spanish historical drama film written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saura" title="Carlos Saura">Carlos Saura</a> about the life of Francisco de Goya</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya_or_the_Hard_Way_to_Enlightenment" title="Goya or the Hard Way to Enlightenment">Goya or the Hard Way to Enlightenment</a></i> (1971) (German: <i>Goya – oder der arge Weg der Erkenntnis</i>) is a 1971 East German drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wolf" title="Konrad Wolf">Konrad Wolf</a>. It was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Special Prize. It is based on a novel with the same title by Lion Feuchtwanger.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Maja_(film)" title="The Naked Maja (film)">The Naked Maja</a></i> (1958), directed by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Koster" title="Henry Koster">Henry Koster</a>. A film about the painter Francisco Goya and the <a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Alba" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess of Alba">Duchess of Alba</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Franciosa" title="Anthony Franciosa">Anthony Franciosa</a> played Goya and <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a> played the Duchess.</li> <li><i>Tiempo de ilustrados (Time of the Enlightened)</i> in the series <i><a href="/wiki/El_ministerio_del_tiempo" title="El ministerio del tiempo">The Ministry of Time</a></i>. Goya (played by Pedro Casablanc) must repaint <i><a href="/wiki/La_maja_desnuda" title="La maja desnuda">La maja desnuda</a></i> after a cult called the Exterminating Angels destroy it.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya%27s_tapestry_cartoons" title="Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons">Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Even if one takes into consideration the fact that Spanish portraiture is often realistic to the point of eccentricity, Goya's portrait still remains unique in its drastic description of human bankruptcy". Licht (1979), 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a> described the figures as looking like "the corner baker and his wife after they won the lottery".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A contemporary inventory compiled by Goya's friend, the painter Antonio de Brugada, records 15. See Lubow, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As he had with the "<a href="/wiki/Los_caprichos" title="Los caprichos">Caprichos</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War" title="The Disasters of War">The Disasters of War</a>" series. Licht (1979), 159</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVoorhies2003" class="citation web cs1">Voorhies, James (October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/goya/hd_goya.htm">"Francisco de Goya (1746–1828) and the Spanish Enlightenment"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i>. HEILBRUNN TIMELINE OF ART HISTORY ESSAYS. Department of European Paintings, The Metropolitan Museum of Art<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Francisco+de+Goya+%281746%E2%80%931828%29+and+the+Spanish+Enlightenment&rft.date=2003-10&rft.aulast=Voorhies&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fgoya%2Fhd_goya.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris-Frankfort2021" class="citation web cs1">Harris-Frankfort, Enriqueta (12 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Goya">"Francisco Goya – The Napoleonic invasion and period after the restoration"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Francisco+Goya+%E2%80%93+The+Napoleonic+invasion+and+period+after+the+restoration&rft.date=2021-04-12&rft.aulast=Harris-Frankfort&rft.aufirst=Enriqueta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFrancisco-Goya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frick.org/sites/default/files/archivedsite/exhibitions/goya/exhibition.htm">"The Frick Collection: Exhibitions"</a>. <i>www.frick.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.frick.org&rft.atitle=The+Frick+Collection%3A+Exhibitions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frick.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Farchivedsite%2Fexhibitions%2Fgoya%2Fexhibition.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h32-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h32_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h32_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022145415/http://www.zerain.com/francisco-de-goya,lista,57,famous-people-from-zerain,21,know-it,3">"ZERAINGO OSPETSUAK : Francisco de Goya"</a>. <i>Zerain.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zerain.com/francisco-de-goya,lista,57,famous-people-from-zerain,21,know-it,3">the original</a> on 22 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zerain.com&rft.atitle=ZERAINGO+OSPETSUAK+%3A+Francisco+de+Goya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zerain.com%2Ffrancisco-de-goya%2Clista%2C57%2Cfamous-people-from-zerain%2C21%2Cknow-it%2C3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c67-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c67_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c67_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell (2004), 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h27-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h27_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h33-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h33_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museodelprado.es/aprende/enciclopedia/voz/cartas-de-goya-a-martin-zapater/2ab3aedb-07a9-4031-b6e0-64d9806ac8b5">Cartas de Goya a Martín Zapater</a>. Museo del Prado. Retrieved 13 December 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell (2004), 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagen & Hagen, 317</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h34-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h34_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h37-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h37_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eitner (1997), 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baticle (1994), 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Symmons (2004), 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goya F., Stepanek S. L., Ilchman F., Tomlinson J. A., Ackley C. S., Braun J. E., Mena M., Maurer G., Polidori E., Reed S. W., Weiss B., Wilson-Bareau J. & Museum of Fine Arts Boston. (2014). <i>Goya: Order & Disorder</i> (First). MFA Publications. p. 14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878468089" title="Special:BookSources/9780878468089">9780878468089</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hh7-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hh7_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagen & Hagen, 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagen; Hagen (1999), 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1875-0612-95">"print study | British Museum"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=print+study+%7C+British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FP_1875-0612-95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomlinson (2003), 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagen & Hagen, 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomlinson (1991), 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chocano, Carina. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530004804/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/cl-et-goya20jul20,1,399263.story?ctrack=1&cset=true">Goya's Ghosts</a>". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, 20 July 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Licht (1979), 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/online-gallery/on-line-gallery/obra/the-nude-maja/">The Nude Maja, the Prado</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103055501/http://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/online-gallery/on-line-gallery/obra/the-nude-maja/">Archived</a> 3 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Retrieved 17 July 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/oct/04/art.biography">The unflinching eye.</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>, October 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Museo del Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas</i>. Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Madrid, 1996. 138. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87317-53-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-87317-53-7">84-87317-53-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagen & Hagen, 70–73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cargocollective.com/jameswilentz/#Francisco-Goya-de-Lucientes-The-Sleep-of-Reason-Produces-Monsters">The Sleep of Reason</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122182141/http://cargocollective.com/jameswilentz/#Francisco-Goya-de-Lucientes-The-Sleep-of-Reason-Produces-Monsters">Archived</a> 22 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Linda Simon (www.worldandi.com). Retrieved 2 December 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagen & Hagen, 35–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eisenman2007-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eisenman2007_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrow2007" class="citation book cs1">Crow, Thomas (2007). "3: Tensions of the Enlightenment, Goya". In Stephen Eisenman (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msu.edu/course/ha/445/crowgoya.pdf"><i>Nineteenth Century Art.: A Critical History</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (3rd ed.). New York: Thames and Hudson<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3%3A+Tensions+of+the+Enlightenment%2C+Goya&rft.btitle=Nineteenth+Century+Art.%3A+A+Critical+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msu.edu%2Fcourse%2Fha%2F445%2Fcrowgoya.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Licht (1979), 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schulz, Andrew. "The Expressive Body in Goya's Saint Francis Borgia at the Deathbed of an Impenitent". <i>The Art Bulletin</i>, 80.4 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is not known why Goya became sick, the many theories range from <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> or <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>, to lead poisoning. Yet he survived until eighty-two years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, Robert. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/oct/04/art.biography">The unflinching eye</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 4 October 2003. Retrieved 30 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Para occupar la imaginacion mortificada en la consideración de mis males" 4 January 1794. <b><i> MS</i>. Egerton 585, folio 74. Department of Manuscripts, British Museum. Reproduced in Gassier, Wilson, Appendix IV, p. 382.</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hustvedt2006-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hustvedt2006_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHustvedt2006" class="citation book cs1">Hustvedt, Siri (10 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vBOmcfgBzswC&pg=PA63"><i>Mysteries of the Rectangle: Essays on Painting</i></a>. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-618-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-618-0"><bdi>978-1-56898-618-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mysteries+of+the+Rectangle%3A+Essays+on+Painting&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=2006-08-10&rft.isbn=978-1-56898-618-0&rft.aulast=Hustvedt&rft.aufirst=Siri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvBOmcfgBzswC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gedo1985-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gedo1985_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Mathews_Gedo1985" class="citation book cs1">Mary Mathews Gedo (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nbDpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Art: PPA</i></a>. Analytic Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88163-030-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88163-030-5"><bdi>978-0-88163-030-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychoanalytic+Perspectives+on+Art%3A+PPA&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Analytic+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-88163-030-5&rft.au=Mary+Mathews+Gedo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnbDpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HCC-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HCC_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicalalumni.org/historicalcpc/home/">Historical Clinicopathological Conference (2017)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811070812/http://medicalalumni.org/historicalcpc/home/">Archived</a> 11 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> University of Maryland School of Medicine, Retrieved 27 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hollandsworth1990-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hollandsworth1990_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._Hollandsworth1990" class="citation book cs1">James G. Hollandsworth (31 January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FuFjEEwspusC&pg=PA3"><i>The Physiology of Psychological Disorders: Schizophrenia, Depression, Anxiety and Substance Abuse</i></a>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">3–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-43353-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-43353-5"><bdi>978-0-306-43353-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Physiology+of+Psychological+Disorders%3A+Schizophrenia%2C+Depression%2C+Anxiety+and+Substance+Abuse&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1990-01-31&rft.isbn=978-0-306-43353-5&rft.au=James+G.+Hollandsworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFuFjEEwspusC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connell2004-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Connell2004_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell (2004), 78–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/58890-goya-mystery-illness-diagnosis.html">Goya's Mystery Illness: Nearly 200 Years Later, Docs Have a Diagnosis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChuDixon2008-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChuDixon2008_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetra_ten-Doesschate_ChuLaurinda_S._Dixon2008" class="citation book cs1">Petra ten-Doesschate Chu; Laurinda S. Dixon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wGPPe8l-HmwC&pg=PA127"><i>Twenty-first-century Perspectives on Nineteenth-century Art: Essays in Honor of Gabriel P. Weisberg</i></a>. Associated University Presse. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-011-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-011-9"><bdi>978-0-87413-011-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twenty-first-century+Perspectives+on+Nineteenth-century+Art%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Gabriel+P.+Weisberg&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presse&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-87413-011-9&rft.au=Petra+ten-Doesschate+Chu&rft.au=Laurinda+S.+Dixon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGPPe8l-HmwC%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams2011-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams2011_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2011" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Paul (3 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=evXyjSkj22QC&pg=PA238"><i>The Psychoanalytic Therapy of Severe Disturbance</i></a>. Karnac Books. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78049-298-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78049-298-8"><bdi>978-1-78049-298-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychoanalytic+Therapy+of+Severe+Disturbance&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=Karnac+Books&rft.date=2011-02-03&rft.isbn=978-1-78049-298-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DevXyjSkj22QC%26pg%3DPA238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bareau,_45-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bareau,_45_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson-Bareau, 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones_2003-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2003_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Jonathan. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2003/mar/31/artsfeatures.turnerprize2003">Look what we did</a>". <i>The Guardian</i>, 31 March 2003. Retrieved 29 August 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C175-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C175_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell (2004), 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. "The Napoleonic wars: the Peninsular War 1807–1814". Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002. 73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-370-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-370-5">1-84176-370-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell, 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The cause of Goya's illness is unknown; theories range from <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> to <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">lead poisoning</a>. See Connell, 78–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell, 204; Hughes, 372</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYM-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYM_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larson, Kay. "Dark Knight". <i>New York Magazine</i>, Volume 22, No. 20, 15 May 1989. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stoichita; Coderch, 25–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Licht (1979), 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lubow, Arthur. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/27/magazine/27GOYA.html">The Secret of the Black Paintings</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 27 July 2003. Retrieved 3 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H402-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-H402_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 402</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Junquera, 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stevenson" title="Ian Stevenson">Stevenson, Ian</a> (2003). <i><a href="/wiki/European_Cases_of_the_Reincarnation_Type" title="European Cases of the Reincarnation Type">European Cases of the Reincarnation Type</a></i> (2015 ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">243–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476601151" title="Special:BookSources/9781476601151"><bdi>9781476601151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Cases+of+the+Reincarnation+Type&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E243-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.edition=2015&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781476601151&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gassier, 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BU79-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BU79_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buchholz, 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell (2004), 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes (2004), 372</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Junquera, 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilvers,_Ian2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chilvers, Ian (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198604761.001.0001/acref-9780198604761-e-1492?rskey=EwcJkJ&result=7">"Goya, Francisco de"</a>. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Art</i> (2014 online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860476-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860476-1"><bdi>978-0-19-860476-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goya%2C+Francisco+de&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Art&rft.edition=2014+online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860476-1&rft.au=Chilvers%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198604761.001.0001%2Facref-9780198604761-e-1492%3Frskey%3DEwcJkJ%26result%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connell (2004), 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos1992" class="citation book cs1">Carlos, Fuentes (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yyj5PK-15UwC&q=with+or+without+head+fuentes+goya&pg=PA230"><i>The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World. London</i></a>. Andre Deutsch Ltd. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-02339-79953" title="Special:BookSources/978-02339-79953"><bdi>978-02339-79953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buried+Mirror%3A+Reflections+on+Spain+and+the+New+World.+London&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Andre+Deutsch+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-02339-79953&rft.aulast=Carlos&rft.aufirst=Fuentes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYyj5PK-15UwC%26q%3Dwith%2Bor%2Bwithout%2Bhead%2Bfuentes%2Bgoya%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/oct/04/art.biography">"The unflinching eye"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 4 October 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+unflinching+eye&rft.date=2003-10-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2003%2Foct%2F04%2Fart.biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLubow2003" class="citation news cs1">Lubow, Arthur (27 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/27/magazine/the-secret-of-the-black-paintings.html">"The Secret of the Black Paintings"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Secret+of+the+Black+Paintings&rft.date=2003-07-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lubow&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F07%2F27%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-secret-of-the-black-paintings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanto2004" class="citation web cs1">Danto, Arthur C. (1 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artforum.com/columns/francisco-de-goya-168178/">"FRANCISCO DE GOYA"</a>. <i>Artforum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artforum&rft.atitle=FRANCISCO+DE+GOYA&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.aulast=Danto&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artforum.com%2Fcolumns%2Ffrancisco-de-goya-168178%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartstory.org/artist/goya-francisco/">"Francisco Goya Paintings, Bio, Ideas"</a>. <i>The Art Story</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Story&rft.atitle=Francisco+Goya+Paintings%2C+Bio%2C+Ideas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartstory.org%2Fartist%2Fgoya-francisco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuspit2014" class="citation book cs1">Kuspit, Donald (2014). <i>Michael Zansky: Bosch for Today</i>. Milano: Charta. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-938922503" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-938922503"><bdi>978-1-938922503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michael+Zansky%3A+Bosch+for+Today&rft.place=Milano&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=Charta&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-938922503&rft.aulast=Kuspit&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuspit" class="citation web cs1">Kuspit, Donald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitehotmagazine.com/articles/zansky-s-van-gogh-portraits/4093">"Donald Kuspit on Michael Zansky's Van Gogh Portraits"</a>. <i>White Hot Magazine of Contemporary Art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=White+Hot+Magazine+of+Contemporary+Art&rft.atitle=Donald+Kuspit+on+Michael+Zansky%27s+Van+Gogh+Portraits&rft.aulast=Kuspit&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitehotmagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fzansky-s-van-gogh-portraits%2F4093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuicharnaud1962" class="citation journal cs1">Guicharnaud, Jacques (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2929043">"Forbidden Games: Arrabal"</a>. <i>Yale French Studies</i> (29): <span class="nowrap">116–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2929043">10.2307/2929043</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2929043">2929043</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+French+Studies&rft.atitle=Forbidden+Games%3A+Arrabal.&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E116-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2929043&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2929043%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Guicharnaud&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2929043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2010" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Raymond H (1 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/02/books/02voznesensky.html">"Andrei Voznesensky, Russian Poet, Dies at 77"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Andrei+Voznesensky%2C+Russian+Poet%2C+Dies+at+77&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Raymond+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F02%2Fbooks%2F02voznesensky.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://store.steampowered.com/app/1908240/Impasto/">"Impasto on Steam"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Impasto+on+Steam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstore.steampowered.com%2Fapp%2F1908240%2FImpasto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrist2024" class="citation web cs1">Christ, Emma (24 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artillerymag.com/gallery-rounds-francisco-de-goya/">"GALLERY ROUNDS: Francisco de Goya"</a>. <i>Artillery Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artillery+Magazine&rft.atitle=GALLERY+ROUNDS%3A+Francisco+de+Goya&rft.date=2024-07-24&rft.aulast=Christ&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartillerymag.com%2Fgallery-rounds-francisco-de-goya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeannine_Baticle" title="Jeannine Baticle">Baticle, Jeannine</a>. <i>Goya: Painter of Terrible Splendor</i>, "<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Abrams Discoveries</a>" series. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994</li> <li>Buchholz, Elke Linda. <i>Francisco de Goya</i>. Cologne: Könemann, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8290-2930-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-8290-2930-6">3-8290-2930-6</a></li> <li>Ciofalo, John J. <i>The Self-Portraits of Francisco Goya.</i> Cambridge University Press, 2002</li> <li>Connell, Evan S. <i>Francisco Goya: A Life</i>. New York: Counterpoint, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58243-307-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58243-307-3">978-1-58243-307-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitner,_Lorenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Eitner, Lorenz">Eitner, Lorenz</a>. <i>An Outline of 19th Century European Painting</i>. New York: Harper & Row, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-0643-2977-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-0643-2977-4">978-0-0643-2977-4</a></li> <li>Gassier, Pierre. <i>Goya: A Biographical and Critical Study</i>. New York: Skira, 1955</li> <li>Gassier, Piere and Juliet Wilson. <i>The Life and Complete Work of Francisco Goya</i>. New York 1971.</li> <li>Glendinning, Nigel. <i>Goya and his Critics</i>. New Haven 1977.</li> <li>Glendinning, Nigel. "The Strange Translation of Goya's Black Paintings". <i>The Burlington Magazine</i>, Volume 117, No. 868, 1975</li> <li>Hagen, Rose-Marie & Hagen, Rainer. <i>Francisco Goya, 1746–1828</i>. London: Taschen, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-1823-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-1823-7">978-3-8228-1823-7</a></li> <li>Havard, Robert. "Goya's House Revisited: Why a Deaf Man Painted his Walls Black". <i>Bulletin of Spanish Studies</i>, Volume 82, Issue 5 July 2005</li> <li>Hennigfeld, Ursula (ed.). <i>Goya im Dialog der Medien, Kulturen und Disziplinen.</i> Freiburg: Rombach, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7930-9737-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7930-9737-2">978-3-7930-9737-2</a></li> <li>Hilt, Douglas. "Goya: Turmoils of a Patriot" <i>History Today</i> (Aug 1973), Vol. 23 Issue 8, pp 536–545, online</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(critic)" title="Robert Hughes (critic)">Hughes, Robert</a>. <i>Goya</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58028-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58028-9">978-0-394-58028-9</a></li> <li>Junquera, Juan José. <i>The Black Paintings of Goya</i>. London: Scala Publishers, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85759-273-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85759-273-5">1-85759-273-5</a></li> <li>Kravchenko, Anastasiia. <i>Mythological subjects in Francisco Goya's work</i>. 2019</li> <li>Licht, Fred S. <i>Goya in Perspective</i>. New York 1973.</li> <li>Licht, Fred. <i>Goya: The Origins of the Modern Temper in Art</i>. Universe Books, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87663-294-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87663-294-0">0-87663-294-0</a></li> <li>Litroy, Jo. <i>Jusqu'à la mort</i>. Paris: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_du_Masque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Éditions du Masque (page does not exist)">Editions du Masque</a>, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2702440193" title="Special:BookSources/978-2702440193">978-2702440193</a></li> <li>Martín-Estudillo, Luis. <i>Goya and the Mystery of Reading</i>. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2023. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/082-6505325" title="Special:BookSources/082-6505325">082-6505325</a></li> <li>Symmons, Sarah. <i>Goya: A Life in Letters</i>. Pimlico, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0679-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0679-0">978-0-7126-0679-0</a></li> <li>Tomlinson, Janis. <i>Francisco Goya y Lucientes 1746–1828</i>. London: Phaidon, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3844-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3844-1">978-0-7148-3844-1</a></li> <li>Tomlinson, Janis. "Burn It, Hide It, Flaunt It: Goya's Majas and the Censorial Mind". <i>The Art Journal</i>, Volume 50, No. 4, 1991</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes" class="extiw" title="commons:Francisco de Goya y Lucientes"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Francisco de Goya y Lucientes</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Francisco de Goya y Lucientes">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya" class="extiw" title="q:Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegreatcat.org/cats-enlightenment-part-16-cats-art-francisco-goya/">Francisco Goya's Cats</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscogoya.com">www.FranciscoGoya.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116114526/http://www.fundaciongoyaenaragon.es/goya/obra/catalogo/">Goya in Aragon Foundation: Online catalogue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milagrosproducciones.com/goya/"><i>Goya, the Secret of the Shadows</i></a>, a documentary film by David Mauas, Spain, 2011, 77'</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZ9WNFV4ggM">Goya: The Most Spanish of Artists, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081030093518/http://www.gasl.org/refbib/Goya__Caprichos.pdf"><i><span></span></i>Caprichos<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasl.org/refbib/Goya__Caprichos.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caprichos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gasl.org%2Frefbib%2FGoya__Caprichos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10.0 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a>)</span> (PDF in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasl.org/as/referenz">Arno Schmidt Reference Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120163008/http://www.gasl.org/as/referenz/">Archived</a> 20 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120162501/http://www.gasl.org/refbib/Goya__Guerra.pdf"><i><span></span></i>Desastres de la guerra<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasl.org/refbib/Goya__Guerra.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desastres+de+la+guerra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gasl.org%2Frefbib%2FGoya__Guerra.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10.6 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a>)</span> (PDF in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasl.org/as/referenz">Arno Schmidt Reference Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120163008/http://www.gasl.org/as/referenz/">Archived</a> 20 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090601115748/http://djelibeibi.unex.es/libros/Goya/">Etching series by Goya</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Goya y Lucientes, Francisco"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Goya_y_Lucientes,_Francisco">"Goya y Lucientes, Francisco" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 303.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goya+y+Lucientes%2C+Francisco&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=303&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Goya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725161843/http://www.artwis.com/articles/his-majestys-giant-anteater-a-new-goya-is-discovered/">"His Majesty's Giant Anteater – A New Goya is Discovered!"</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/collection/?r=Top%2Fdl_category%2Festampes%2Festampes+de+francisco+de+goya+%281746-1828%29&navigation=0">Bibliothèque numérique de l'INHA – Estampes de Francisco de Goya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/69630"><i>Goya in the Metropolitan Museum of Art</i></a>, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/94303/rec/1"><i>Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures</i></a>, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains a significant amount of material on the prints of Goya</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/fgp">Francisco Goya Prints</a> in the Claremont Colleges Digital Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eeweems.com/goya/subastas.html">Goya hidden micro-signatures, a revolutionary discovery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parkwestgallery.com/francisco-goya-disasters-of-war/">A Closer Look at Francisco Goya's 'Disasters of War' (Spanish title: 'Los Desastres de la Guerra')</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE;background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Francisco_Goya112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francisco Goya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Francisco_Goya" title="List of works by Francisco Goya">List of works</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Aloysius_Gonzaga_as_Patron_Saint_of_Youth" title="Consecration of Aloysius Gonzaga as Patron Saint of Youth">Consecration of Aloysius Gonzaga as Patron Saint of Youth</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1763</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Family_with_Saint_Joachim_and_Saint_Anne_Before_the_Eternal_Glory" title="The Holy Family with Saint Joachim and Saint Anne Before the Eternal Glory">The Holy Family with Saints Joachim and Anne</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1769</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Victorious_Hannibal_Seeing_Italy_from_the_Alps_for_the_First_Time" title="The Victorious Hannibal Seeing Italy from the Alps for the First Time">The Victorious Hannibal Seeing Italy from the Alps for the First Time</a></i> (1770–1771)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Europa_(Goya)" title="The Rape of Europa (Goya)">The Rape of Europa</a></i> (1772)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Crucified_(Goya)" title="Christ Crucified (Goya)">Christ Crucified</a></i> (1780)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_cuca%C3%B1a" title="La cucaña">The Greasy Pole</a></i> (1786–87)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Drunk_Mason_(Goya)" title="The Drunk Mason (Goya)">The Drunk Mason</a></i> (1786–1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_for_the_alameda_of_the_Dukes_of_Osuna" title="Paintings for the alameda of the Dukes of Osuna">Paintings for the alameda of the Dukes of Osuna</a> (1786–1787)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Bernard_of_Clairvaux_Curing_a_Cripple" title="Saint Bernard of Clairvaux Curing a Cripple">Saint Bernard of Clairvaux Curing a Cripple</a></i> (1787)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yard_with_Lunatics" title="Yard with Lunatics">Yard with Lunatics</a></i> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prison_Interior" title="Prison Interior">Prison Interior</a></i> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_Thieves" title="Assault of Thieves">Assault of Thieves</a></i> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Duchess_of_Alba_and_la_Beata" title="The Duchess of Alba and la Beata">The Duchess of Alba and la Beata</a></i> (1795)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Flight" title="Witches' Flight">Witches' Flight</a></i> (1797–1798)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bewitched_Man" title="The Bewitched Man">The Bewitched Man</a></i> (1797–1798)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath_(Goya,_1798)" title="Witches' Sabbath (Goya, 1798)">Witches' Sabbath</a></i> (1798)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_maja_desnuda" title="La maja desnuda">La maja desnuda</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1797–1800</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_maja_vestida" title="La maja vestida">La maja vestida</a></i> (1800–1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allegory_of_Industry" title="Allegory of Industry">Allegory of Industry</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1805</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Majas_on_a_Balcony" title="Majas on a Balcony">Majas on a Balcony</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1808–1812</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Water_Bearer_(Goya)" title="The Water Bearer (Goya)">The Water Bearer</a></i> (1808–1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Knifegrinder_(Goya)" title="The Knifegrinder (Goya)">The Knifegrinder</a></i> (1808–1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_of_a_Lamb%27s_Head_and_Flanks" title="Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks">Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks</a></i> (1808–1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colossus_(painting)" title="The Colossus (painting)">The Colossus</a></i> (after 1808)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truth,_Time_and_History" title="Truth, Time and History">Truth, Time and History</a></i> (1812–1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Madhouse" title="The Madhouse">The Madhouse</a></i> (1812–1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Inquisition_Tribunal" title="The Inquisition Tribunal">The Inquisition Tribunal</a></i> (1812–1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_of_May_1808" title="The Second of May 1808">The Second of May 1808</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_of_May_1808" title="The Third of May 1808">The Third of May 1808</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Junta_of_the_Philippines" title="The Junta of the Philippines">The Junta of the Philippines</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Village_Bullfight" title="A Village Bullfight">A Village Bullfight</a></i> (1815–1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burial_of_the_Sardine" title="The Burial of the Sardine">The Burial of the Sardine</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1816</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Procession_of_Flagellants" title="A Procession of Flagellants">A Procession of Flagellants</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1816</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forge_(Goya)" title="The Forge (Goya)">The Forge</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1817</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bullfight_(Goya)" title="Bullfight (Goya)">Bullfight</a></i> (1824)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;">Murals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Name_of_God" title="Adoration of the Name of God">Adoration of the Name of God</a></i> (1772)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_the_Virgin_(Goya)" title="Life of the Virgin (Goya)">Life of the Virgin</a></i> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_of_the_Infante_Don_Luis" title="The Family of the Infante Don Luis">The Family of the Infante Don Luis</a></i> (1783–84)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Osuna_and_their_Children" title="The Duke and Duchess of Osuna and their Children">The Duke and Duchess of Osuna and their Children</a></i> (1787–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Osorio_Manrique_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga" title="Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zúñiga"><i>Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zúñiga</i> (<i>The Red Boy</i>)</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1788</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_at_an_Easel" title="Self-Portrait at an Easel">Self-Portrait at an Easel</a></i> (c. 1790–1795)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Tirana_(Goya,_1792)" title="La Tirana (Goya, 1792)">La Tirana</a></i> (1792)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Tirana_(Goya,_1794)" title="La Tirana (Goya, 1794)">La Tirana</a></i> (1794)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_the_Marquise_de_la_Solana" title="Portrait of the Marquise de la Solana">The Marquise de la Solana</a></i> (1795)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Duchess" title="The White Duchess">The White Duchess</a></i> (1795)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Portrait of Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1795</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Duchess" title="The Black Duchess">The Black Duchess</a></i> (1797)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_Iriarte_(Goya)" title="Bernardo de Iriarte (Goya)">Bernardo de Iriarte</a></i> (1797)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ferdinand_Guillemardet" title="Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet">Ferdinand Guillemardet</a></i> (1798–1799)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_in_his_Hunting_Clothes" title="Charles IV in his Hunting Clothes">Charles IV in his Hunting Clothes</a></i> (1799)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Portrait of Maria Luisa of Parma">Maria Luisa of Parma</a></i> (1799–1800)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Countess_of_Chinchon" title="The Countess of Chinchon">The Countess of Chinchon</a></i> (1800)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain_and_His_Family" title="Charles IV of Spain and His Family">Charles IV of Spain and His Family</a></i> (1800–18)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Manuel_Godoy" title="Portrait of Manuel Godoy">Manuel Godoy</a></i> (1801)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Do%C3%B1a_Isabel_de_Porcel" title="Portrait of Doña Isabel de Porcel">Doña Isabel de Porcel</a></i> (1804–1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_the_Marchioness_of_Santa_Cruz" title="Portrait of the Marchioness of Santa Cruz">The Marchioness of Santa Cruz</a></i> (1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Do%C3%B1a_Antonia_Z%C3%A1rate_(1805)" title="Portrait of Doña Antonia Zárate (1805)">Doña Antonia Zárate</a></i> (1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Do%C3%B1a_Antonia_Z%C3%A1rate_(1810%E2%80%931811)" title="Portrait of Doña Antonia Zárate (1810–1811)">Doña Antonia Zárate</a></i> (1810–1811)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_the_Duke_of_Wellington_(Goya)" title="Portrait of the Duke of Wellington (Goya)">The Duke of Wellington</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Bayeu_(painting)" title="Josefa Bayeu (painting)">Josefa Bayeu</a></i> (1814–1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ferdinand_VII" title="Portrait of Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand VII</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_at_69_years" title="Self-Portrait at 69 years">Self-Portrait at 69 years</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Juan_Antonio_Cuervo" title="Portrait of Juan Antonio Cuervo">Juan Antonio Cuervo</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_with_Dr_Arrieta" title="Self-Portrait with Dr Arrieta">Self-Portrait with Dr Arrieta</a></i> (1820)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Don_Ram%C3%B3n_Satu%C3%A9" title="Portrait of Don Ramón Satué">Don Ramón Satué</a></i> (1823)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Milkmaid_of_Bordeaux" title="The Milkmaid of Bordeaux">The Milkmaid of Bordeaux</a></i> (1825–1827)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya%27s_tapestry_cartoons" title="Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons">Tapestry<br />cartoons</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Francisco_Goya%27s_tapestry_cartoons" title="List of Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boar_Hunt" title="The Boar Hunt">The Boar Hunt</a></i> (1775)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parasol" title="The Parasol">The Parasol</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1777</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boys_Playing_Soldiers" title="Boys Playing Soldiers">Boys Playing Soldiers</a></i> (1778–79)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_in_a_Chariot" title="Children in a Chariot">Children in a Chariot</a></i> (1779)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Swing_(Goya)" title="The Swing (Goya)">The Swing</a></i> (1779)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_novillada" title="La novillada">La novillada</a></i> (1780)</li> <li><i>The Grape Harvest</i> (1786)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Threshing_Floor" title="The Threshing Floor">The Threshing Floor</a></i> (1786)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_(Goya)" title="Summer (Goya)">Summer</a></i> (1786–87)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Drunk_Mason_(Goya)" title="The Drunk Mason (Goya)">The Drunk Mason</a></i> (1786–1787)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blind_Man%27s_Bluff_(Goya)" title="Blind Man's Bluff (Goya)">Blind Man's Bluff</a></i> (1789)</li> <li><i>The Wedding</i> (1791–92)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Paintings" title="Black Paintings">Black Paintings</a><br />(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1819–1823</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Devouring_His_Son" title="Saturn Devouring His Son">Saturn Devouring His Son</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judith_and_Holofernes_(Goya)" title="Judith and Holofernes (Goya)">Judith and Holofernes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath_(The_Great_He-Goat)" title="Witches' Sabbath (The Great He-Goat)">Witches' Sabbath (The Great He-Goat)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Pilgrimage_to_San_Isidro" title="A Pilgrimage to San Isidro">A Pilgrimage to San Isidro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Leocadia" title="La Leocadia">La Leocadia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Old_Men" title="Two Old Men">Two Old Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Men_Reading" title="Men Reading">Men Reading</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_Mocked_by_Two_Women" title="Man Mocked by Two Women">Man Mocked by Two Women</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fight_with_Cudgels" title="Fight with Cudgels">Fight with Cudgels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_to_the_Fountain_of_San_Isidro" title="Pilgrimage to the Fountain of San Isidro">Pilgrimage to the Fountain of San Isidro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atropos_(Goya)" title="Atropos (Goya)">Atropos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodea" title="Asmodea">Asmodea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Old_Ones_Eating_Soup" title="Two Old Ones Eating Soup">Two Old Ones Eating Soup</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dog_(Goya)" title="The Dog (Goya)">The Dog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Print series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Los_caprichos" title="Los caprichos">Los Caprichos</a></i> (1797–98)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/And_So_Was_His_Grandfather" title="And So Was His Grandfather">And So Was His Grandfather</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleep_of_Reason_Produces_Monsters" title="The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters">The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoners_(Goya)" title="The Prisoners (Goya)">The Prisoners</a></i> (1810–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War" title="The Disasters of War">The Disasters of War</a></i> (1810–1820)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/This_is_worse" title="This is worse">This is worse</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1812–13</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Tauromaquia" title="La Tauromaquia">La Tauromaquia</a></i> (1815–16)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Unfortunate_events_in_the_front_seats_of_the_ring_of_Madrid,_and_the_death_of_the_mayor_of_Torrej%C3%B3n" title="Unfortunate events in the front seats of the ring of Madrid, and the death of the mayor of Torrejón">Unfortunate events in the front seats of the ring of Madrid, and the death of the mayor of Torrejón</a></span></i> (1815-1816)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Los_disparates" title="Los disparates">Los Disparates</a></i> (1815–1823)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_way_of_flying" title="A way of flying">A way of flying</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1815–16</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulls_of_Bordeaux" title="The Bulls of Bordeaux">The Bulls of Bordeaux</a></i> (1824–25)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa_natal_de_Goya" title="Casa natal de Goya">Casa natal de Goya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuendetodos" title="Fuendetodos">Fuendetodos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Grabado_de_Goya" title="Museo del Grabado de Goya">Museo del Grabado de Goya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuendetodos" title="Fuendetodos">Fuendetodos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Goya_-_Colecci%C3%B3n_Ibercaja_-_Museo_Cam%C3%B3n_Aznar" title="Museo Goya - Colección Ibercaja - Museo Camón Aznar">Museo Goya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goya_Museum" title="Goya Museum">Goya Museum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Castres" title="Castres">Castres</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Maja_(film)" title="The Naked Maja (film)">The Naked Maja</a></i> (1958 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya,_a_Story_of_Solitude" title="Goya, a Story of Solitude">Goya, a Story of Solitude</a></i> (1971 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya_or_the_Hard_Way_to_Enlightenment" title="Goya or the Hard Way to Enlightenment">Goya or the Hard Way to Enlightenment</a></i> (1971 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya:_A_Life_in_Song" title="Goya: A Life in Song">Goya: A Life in Song</a></i> (1989 album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya_in_Bordeaux" title="Goya in Bordeaux">Goya in Bordeaux</a></i> (1999 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volav%C3%A9runt" title="Volavérunt">Volavérunt</a></i> (1999 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya%27s_Ghosts" title="Goya's Ghosts">Goya's Ghosts</a></i> (2006 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_ministerio_del_tiempo" title="El ministerio del tiempo">The Ministry of Time – Episode 25: Time of the Enlightened</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Bayeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Josefa Bayeu">Josefa Bayeu</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinta_del_Sordo" title="Quinta del Sordo">Quinta del Sordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leocadia_Zorrilla" title="Leocadia Zorrilla">Leocadia Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Weiss_Zorrilla" title="Rosario Weiss Zorrilla">Rosario Weiss Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goya_Awards" title="Goya Awards">Goya Awards</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goyescas_(opera)" title="Goyescas (opera)">Goyescas</a></i> (1915 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goyescas_(film)" title="Goyescas (film)">Goyescas</a></i> (1942 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romanticism556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanticism" title="Template talk:Romanticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanticism556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">England (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France" title="Romanticism in France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/19th-century_French_literature#Romanticism" title="19th-century French literature">(literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Roman" title="Taishō Roman">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Russian_Poetry" title="Golden Age of Russian Poetry">Russia (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Spanish_literature" title="Romanticism in Spanish literature">Spain (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Romantic_literature" title="Swedish Romantic literature">Sweden (literature)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppet_group" title="Coppet group">Coppet group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting" title="Düsseldorf School of painting">Düsseldorf School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">German historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianism_(arts)" title="Indianism (arts)">Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena_Romanticism" title="Jena Romanticism">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preromanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Preromanticism">Pre</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_school" title="Ukrainian school">Ukrainian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Romanticism" title="Ultra-Romanticism">Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wallenrod" title="Konrad Wallenrod">Wallenrodism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_flower" title="Blue flower">Blue flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Marine_Art_(Romantic_Era)" title="British Marine Art (Romantic Era)">British Marine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">Romantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle" title="Mal du siècle">Mal du siècle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" title="Noble savage">Noble savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia#Romanticism" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_romanticism" title="Rhine romanticism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(literature)#Romanticism_and_genius" title="Genius (literature)">Romantic genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderlust" title="Wanderlust">Wanderlust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">Weltschmerz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountain_art" title="White Mountain art">White Mountain art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Literature" title="Romanticism">Writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_de_Abreu" title="Casimiro de Abreu">Abreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Almeida" title="Manuel Antônio de Almeida">Manuel Antônio de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Alves" title="Castro Alves">Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Assis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvares_de_Azevedo" title="Álvares de Azevedo">Azevedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Barreto" title="Tobias Barreto">Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias" title="Gonçalves Dias">Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Bernardo Guimarães">Guimarães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Manuel_de_Macedo" title="Joaquim Manuel de Macedo">Macedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_de_Magalh%C3%A3es,_Viscount_of_Araguaia" title="Gonçalves de Magalhães, Viscount of Araguaia">Magalhães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Firmina_dos_Reis" title="Maria Firmina dos Reis">Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_d%27Escragnolle_Taunay,_Viscount_of_Taunay" title="Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay">Taunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagundes_Varela" title="Fagundes Varela">Varela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France#Literature" title="Romanticism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" title="Aloysius Bertrand">Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nodier" title="Charles Nodier">Nodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Vigny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">A. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">B. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beer_(poet)" title="Michael Beer (poet)">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué">Fouqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoline_von_G%C3%BCnderrode" title="Karoline von Günderrode">Günderrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gutzkow" title="Karl Gutzkow">Gutzkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hauff" title="Wilhelm Hauff">Hauff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schwab" title="Gustav Schwab">Schwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">Great<br />Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Laetitia_Barbauld" title="Anna Laetitia Barbauld">Barbauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">C. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">E. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">de Quincey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Polidori" title="John William Polidori">Polidori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Radcliffe" title="Ann Radcliffe">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson_(poet)" title="Mary Robinson (poet)">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P. B. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland#Notable_Polish_Romantic_writers_and_poets" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro">Fredro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Ignacy_Kraszewski" title="Józef Ignacy Kraszewski">Józef Ignacy Kraszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Malczewski" title="Antoni Malczewski">Malczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Norwid" title="Cyprian Norwid">Norwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Potocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Pol" title="Wincenty Pol">Wincenty Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Słowacki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Castelo Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Feliciano_de_Castilho" title="António Feliciano de Castilho">Castilho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Deus_de_Nogueira_Ramos" title="João de Deus de Nogueira Ramos">João de Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Dinis" title="Júlio Dinis">Dinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano">Herculano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Augusto_Soares_de_Passos" title="António Augusto Soares de Passos">Soares dos Passos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Baratynsky" title="Yevgeny Baratynsky">Baratynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batyushkov" title="Konstantin Batyushkov">Batyushkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BCchelbecker" title="Wilhelm Küchelbecker">Küchelbecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lermontov" title="Mikhail Lermontov">Lermontov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Tyutchev" title="Fyodor Tyutchev">Tyutchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vyazemsky" title="Pyotr Vyazemsky">Vyazemsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zhukovsky" title="Vasily Zhukovsky">Zhukovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laza_Kosti%C4%87" title="Laza Kostić">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Njegoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Radi%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branko Radičević">Radičević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milica_Stojadinovi%C4%87-Srpkinja" title="Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja">Stojadinović-Srpkinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_Zmaj" title="Jovan Jovanović Zmaj">Zmaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Bécquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Antonio García Gutiérrez">Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Saavedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla" title="José Zorrilla">Zorrilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gilbert_Holland" title="Josiah Gilbert Holland">Josiah Gilbert Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovian" title="Khachatur Abovian">Abovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratashvili" title="Nikoloz Baratashvili">Baratashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Botev" title="Hristo Botev">Botev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chavchavadze" title="Alexander Chavchavadze">Chavchavadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Eminescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Naim Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._F._S._Grundtvig" title="N. F. S. Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Heliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Isaacs" title="Jorge Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Mácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigol_Orbeliani" title="Grigol Orbeliani">Orbeliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffi_(novelist)" title="Raffi (novelist)">Raffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" title="Johan Ludvig Runeberg">Runeberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachris_Topelius" title="Zachris Topelius">Topelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Vörösmarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Wergeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Thalberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czechia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Erkel" title="Ferenc Erkel">Erkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Goldmark" title="Karl Goldmark">Goldmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heller" title="Stephen Heller">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%91_Hubay" title="Jenő Hubay">Hubay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Bortkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Lipi%C5%84ski" title="Karol Lipiński">Lipiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Stolpe" title="Antoni Stolpe">Stolpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Tausig" title="Karl Tausig">Tausig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Wieniawski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Arensky" title="Anton Arensky">Arensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui">Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lyapunov" title="Sergei Lyapunov">Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Hristi%C4%87" title="Stevan Hristić">Hristić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Konjovi%C4%87" title="Petar Konjović">Konjović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Mokranjac" title="Stevan Mokranjac">Mokranjac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornelije_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Kornelije Stanković">Stanković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_philosophy" title="Romanticism in philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinsky" title="Vissarion Belinsky">Belinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Berchet" title="Giovanni Berchet">Berchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Chaadayev" title="Pyotr Chaadayev">Chaadayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov" title="Aleksey Khomyakov">Khomyakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Lamennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Jos%C3%A9_de_Larra" title="Mariano José de Larra">Larra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Quinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">A. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">F. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pivert_de_Senancour" title="Étienne Pivert de Senancour">Senancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Vilhelm_Snellman" title="Johan Vilhelm Snellman">Snellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Visual artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky" title="Ivan Aivazovsky">Aivazovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Bierstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Bonington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bryullov" title="Karl Bryullov">Bryullov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau" title="Théodore Chassériau">Chassériau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Corot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Christian_Dahl" title="Johan Christian Dahl">Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_d%27Angers" title="David d'Angers">David d'Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Edelfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuseli" title="Henry Fuseli">Fuseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela">Gallen-Kallela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Géricault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson">Girodet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nepomucen_G%C5%82owacki" title="Jan Nepomucen Głowacki">Głowacki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Hayez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Janmot" title="Louis Janmot">Janmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)" title="Thomas Jones (artist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orest_Kiprensky" title="Orest Kiprensky">Kiprensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anton_Koch" title="Joseph Anton Koch">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Ksawery_Lampi" title="Franciszek Ksawery Lampi">Lampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Leutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(painter)" title="John Martin (painter)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Micha%C5%82owski" title="Piotr Michałowski">Michałowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Ara%C3%BAjo_Porto-Alegre,_Baron_of_Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo">Porto-Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Augustin_Pr%C3%A9ault" title="Antoine-Augustin Préault">Préault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_R%C3%A9voil" title="Pierre Révoil">Révoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury_Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard" title="Fleury François Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude" title="François Rude">Rude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Runge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh">Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Scheffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Stattler" title="Wojciech Stattler">Stattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stroy" title="Michael Stroy">Stroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tropinin" title="Vasily Tropinin">Tropinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Veit" title="Philipp Veit">Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ward_(English_artist)" title="James Ward (English artist)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Wiertz" title="Antoine Wiertz">Wiertz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholars">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Abraham" title="Gerald Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barzun" title="Jacques Barzun">Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Beiser" title="Frederick C. Beiser">Beiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._C._W._Blanning" title="T. C. W. Blanning">Blanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Blume" title="Friedrich Blume">Blume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Dahlhaus" title="Carl Dahlhaus">Dahlhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferber" title="Michael Ferber">Ferber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Janion" title="Maria Janion">Janion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Lacoue-Labarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy" title="Arthur Oncken Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Gabriel_Porthan" title="Henrik Gabriel Porthan">Porthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Wellek" title="René Wellek">Wellek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge%27s_theory_of_life" title="Coleridge's theory of life">Coleridge's theory of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romantics" title="List of romantics">List of romantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romantic_poets" title="List of Romantic poets">List of Romantic poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ages in history">Middle Ages in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_and_Romanticism" title="Opium and Romanticism">Opium and Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_epistemology" title="Romantic epistemology">Romantic epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_medicine" title="Romantic medicine">Romantic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Romantic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_psychology" title="Romantic psychology">Romantic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_economics" title="Romanticism and economics">Romanticism and economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Romanticism and the French Revolution">Romanticism and the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_science" title="Romanticism in science">Romanticism in science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_Bacon" title="Romanticism and Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_evolution_theory" title="Romanticism in evolution theory">Evolution theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_above_the_Sea_of_Fog" title="Wanderer above the Sea of Fog">Wanderer above the Sea of Fog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template:Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism">Modernism</a></b> →</div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2377" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905615r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905615r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36545788">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX947939">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521579706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500118936">ULAN</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500510722">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/33102">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/124c6e5c-c16f-4b76-9f87-07b1a861641b">KulturNav</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/3427c6f7-3f6b-4294-8b94-0e5cd0bc2158">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/985/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandartgallery.com/explore-art-and-ideas/artist/2517/">Auckland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/creators/_/3263/">South Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1284316">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118541064.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6s46v39">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/911">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&oldid=1273943454">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Goya&oldid=1273943454</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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