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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Antibiotic Resistance</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">19,603 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Antibiotic Resistance</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Antibiotic_Resistance">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12170589" data-work_id="12170589" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12170589/Sustituci%C3%B3n_de_Antibi%C3%B3ticos_Promotores_del_Crecimiento_en_la_Producci%C3%B3n_Animal_por_Aditivos_Alternativos_Producidos_en_Nicaragua">Sustitución de Antibióticos Promotores del Crecimiento en la Producción Animal por Aditivos Alternativos Producidos en Nicaragua</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Se actualizó la situación en Nicaragua, acerca de la necesidad de sustituir los Antibióticos Promotores del Crecimiento (APC), como aditivos alimentarios en la producción animal, por productos alternativos no perjudiciales a la salud... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12170589" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Se actualizó la situación en Nicaragua, acerca de la necesidad de sustituir los Antibióticos Promotores del Crecimiento (APC), como aditivos alimentarios en la producción animal, por productos alternativos no perjudiciales a la salud humana y animal y amigables con el medio ambiente. Se comprobó la necesidad y factibilidad de sustituir los APC por probióticos y prebióticos producidos en el país, con el empleo de materias primas nacionales. El desarrollo de probióticos se realizó a partir de cepas seleccionadas de Bacillus subtilis y Lactobacillus salivarius, aplicadas en la producción semi-industrial de aves de engorde y la mejora obtenida en los indicadores productivos demostró una buena actividad probiótica del cultivo de Lactobacillus salivarius, aunque posteriormente este probiótico no resultó adecuado para la Escala Industrial de producción. El desarrollo de los prebióticos se hizo a partir de los derivados de las Paredes Celulares de Levadura (PCL), utilizando como materia prima la levadura residual del proceso industrial de producción de cerveza, para lo cual se desarrolló un proceso de hidrólisis enzimática de dichas paredes celulares con buenos resultados a escala de laboratorio. Posteriormente, con vistas a simplificar el proceso y facilitar el escalado hasta nivel industrial, se desarrolló un proceso basado en la hidrólisis básica.<br />En la actualidad (julio de 2010) se está completando la producción, a Escala de Banco, de la cantidad necesaria de prebiótico obtenido mediante hidrólisis básica de PCL, para el primer Ensayo de Campo de este producto, que está previsto realizar en el cuarto trimestre del 2010. Además se completó el Proyecto de una Planta Piloto que permitirá producir las cantidades requeridas del prebiótico para el Ensayo de Campo final, así como el desarrollo ulterior de otros prebióticos y probióticos. Palabras clave: antibióticos, probióticos, prebióticos, paredes de levaduras, alimentación animal, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12170589" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f09e3fde32be20e91cb357d854ed21bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37471249,"asset_id":12170589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37471249/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3633950" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertoGonzalezCastellanos">Roberto Gonzalez-Castellanos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3633950" type="text/json">{"id":3633950,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Gonzalez-Castellanos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertoGonzalezCastellanos","display_name":"Roberto Gonzalez-Castellanos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertoGonzalezCastellanos?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3633950/1276043/1588809/s65_roberto.gonzalez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12170589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12170589"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12170589, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12170589", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12170589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12170589; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12170589"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12170589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12170589"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12170589; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12170589]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12170589").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12170589").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12170589"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18329" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prebiotics">Prebiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18329" type="text/json">{"id":18329,"name":"Prebiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prebiotics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122472" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probiotics_and_Prebiotics">Probiotics and Prebiotics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="122472" type="text/json">{"id":122472,"name":"Probiotics and Prebiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probiotics_and_Prebiotics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12170589]'), work: {"id":12170589,"title":"Sustitución de Antibióticos Promotores del Crecimiento en la Producción Animal por Aditivos Alternativos Producidos en Nicaragua","created_at":"2015-04-30T15:41:30.002-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12170589/Sustituci%C3%B3n_de_Antibi%C3%B3ticos_Promotores_del_Crecimiento_en_la_Producci%C3%B3n_Animal_por_Aditivos_Alternativos_Producidos_en_Nicaragua?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_12170589","summary":"Se actualizó la situación en Nicaragua, acerca de la necesidad de sustituir los Antibióticos Promotores del Crecimiento (APC), como aditivos alimentarios en la producción animal, por productos alternativos no perjudiciales a la salud humana y animal y amigables con el medio ambiente. Se comprobó la necesidad y factibilidad de sustituir los APC por probióticos y prebióticos producidos en el país, con el empleo de materias primas nacionales. El desarrollo de probióticos se realizó a partir de cepas seleccionadas de Bacillus subtilis y Lactobacillus salivarius, aplicadas en la producción semi-industrial de aves de engorde y la mejora obtenida en los indicadores productivos demostró una buena actividad probiótica del cultivo de Lactobacillus salivarius, aunque posteriormente este probiótico no resultó adecuado para la Escala Industrial de producción. El desarrollo de los prebióticos se hizo a partir de los derivados de las Paredes Celulares de Levadura (PCL), utilizando como materia prima la levadura residual del proceso industrial de producción de cerveza, para lo cual se desarrolló un proceso de hidrólisis enzimática de dichas paredes celulares con buenos resultados a escala de laboratorio. Posteriormente, con vistas a simplificar el proceso y facilitar el escalado hasta nivel industrial, se desarrolló un proceso basado en la hidrólisis básica.\nEn la actualidad (julio de 2010) se está completando la producción, a Escala de Banco, de la cantidad necesaria de prebiótico obtenido mediante hidrólisis básica de PCL, para el primer Ensayo de Campo de este producto, que está previsto realizar en el cuarto trimestre del 2010. Además se completó el Proyecto de una Planta Piloto que permitirá producir las cantidades requeridas del prebiótico para el Ensayo de Campo final, así como el desarrollo ulterior de otros prebióticos y probióticos. Palabras clave: antibióticos, probióticos, prebióticos, paredes de levaduras, alimentación animal, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37471249,"asset_id":12170589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3633950,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Gonzalez-Castellanos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertoGonzalezCastellanos","display_name":"Roberto Gonzalez-Castellanos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertoGonzalezCastellanos?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3633950/1276043/1588809/s65_roberto.gonzalez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18329,"name":"Prebiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prebiotics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":122472,"name":"Probiotics and Prebiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probiotics_and_Prebiotics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13208412 coauthored" data-work_id="13208412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13208412/Building_a_Transnational_Biosurveillance_Network_Using_Semantic_Web_Technologies_Requirements_Design_and_Preliminary_Evaluation">Building a Transnational Biosurveillance Network Using Semantic Web Technologies: Requirements, Design, and Preliminary Evaluation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13208412" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing resistance, due to the lag time between new resistances and alerts to care providers. Several initiatives to track drug resistance evolution have been developed. However, no effective real-time and source-independent antimicrobial resistance monitoring system is available publicly.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13208412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f2b0f4a0248af3ac97b902858b842d7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45590382,"asset_id":13208412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45590382/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32541866" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch">Patrick Ruch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32541866" type="text/json">{"id":32541866,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Ruch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PRuch","display_name":"Patrick Ruch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32541866/15085370/15800714/s65_patrick.ruch.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13208412">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13208412"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hes-so.academia.edu/JulienGobeill">Julien Gobeill</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13208412'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13208412').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13208412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13208412"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13208412; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13208412]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13208412").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13208412").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13208412"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12054" type="text/json">{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13208412]'), work: {"id":13208412,"title":"Building a Transnational Biosurveillance Network Using Semantic Web Technologies: Requirements, Design, and Preliminary Evaluation","created_at":"2015-06-23T06:49:52.769-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13208412/Building_a_Transnational_Biosurveillance_Network_Using_Semantic_Web_Technologies_Requirements_Design_and_Preliminary_Evaluation?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_13208412","summary":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing resistance, due to the lag time between new resistances and alerts to care providers. Several initiatives to track drug resistance evolution have been developed. However, no effective real-time and source-independent antimicrobial resistance monitoring system is available publicly.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45590382,"asset_id":13208412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32541866,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Ruch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PRuch","display_name":"Patrick Ruch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32541866/15085370/15800714/s65_patrick.ruch.jpg"},{"id":32463478,"first_name":"Julien","last_name":"Gobeill","domain_name":"hes-so","page_name":"JulienGobeill","display_name":"Julien Gobeill","profile_url":"https://hes-so.academia.edu/JulienGobeill?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":17711,"name":"Semantic Web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Web?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=35620"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=35620"},{"id":75610,"name":"Bacterial resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":95152,"name":"SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEMANTIC_WEB_TECHNOLOGY?f_ri=35620"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":172749,"name":"Antimicrobial resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":190001,"name":"Agile software development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agile_software_development?f_ri=35620"},{"id":255094,"name":"Computer User Interface Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_User_Interface_Design?f_ri=35620"},{"id":509514,"name":"Surveillance System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_System?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1003601,"name":"Monitoring System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monitoring_System?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2025349,"name":"Heterogeneous Data Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterogeneous_Data_Sources?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2036633,"name":"Medical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2075359,"name":"Web Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Interface?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4690686" data-work_id="4690686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4690686/Animals_on_Drugs_Understanding_the_Role_of_Pharmaceutical_Companies_in_the_Animal_Industrial_Complex">Animals on Drugs: Understanding the Role of Pharmaceutical Companies in the Animal-Industrial Complex</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper I revisit previous critiques that I have made of much, though by no means all, bioethical discourse. These pertain to faithfulness to dualistic ontology, a taken-for-granted normative anthropocentrism, and the exclusion of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4690686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper I revisit previous critiques that I have made of much, though by no means all, bioethical discourse. These pertain to faithfulness to dualistic ontology, a taken-for-granted normative anthropocentrism, and the exclusion of a consideration of how political economy shapes the conditions for bioethical discourse (Twine Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 8(3):285-295, 2005; International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food 16(3):1-18, 2007, 2010). Part of my argument around bioethical dualist ontology is to critique the assumption of a division between the “medical” (human) and “agricultural” (nonhuman) and to show various ways in which they are interrelated. I deepen this analysis with a focus on transnational pharmaceutical companies, with specific attention to their role in enhancing agricultural production through animal drug administration. I employ the topical case of antibiotics in order to speak to current debates in not only the interdisciplinary field of bioethics but also that of animal studies. More generally, the animal-industrial complex (Twine Journal for Critical Animal Studies 10(1):12-39, 2012) is underlined as a highly relevant bioethical object that deserves more conceptual and empirical attention. <br /> <br />Please contact me if you can't access the pdf</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4690686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="683a999a43281c1e8e8c119afb042fc1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33835096,"asset_id":4690686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33835096/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41342" href="https://edgehill.academia.edu/RichardTwine">Richard Twine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41342" type="text/json">{"id":41342,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Twine","domain_name":"edgehill","page_name":"RichardTwine","display_name":"Richard Twine","profile_url":"https://edgehill.academia.edu/RichardTwine?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41342/13513/87178056/s65_richard.twine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4690686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4690686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4690686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4690686", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4690686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4690686; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4690686"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4690686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4690686"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4690686; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4690686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4690686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4690686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4690686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1035" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Science">Animal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1035" type="text/json">{"id":1035,"name":"Animal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Science?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1625" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations">Human-Animal Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1625" type="text/json">{"id":1625,"name":"Human-Animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ethics">Animal Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3234" type="text/json">{"id":3234,"name":"Animal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ethics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4690686]'), work: {"id":4690686,"title":"Animals on Drugs: Understanding the Role of Pharmaceutical Companies in the Animal-Industrial Complex","created_at":"2013-10-06T03:22:09.327-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4690686/Animals_on_Drugs_Understanding_the_Role_of_Pharmaceutical_Companies_in_the_Animal_Industrial_Complex?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_4690686","summary":"In this paper I revisit previous critiques that I have made of much, though by no means all, bioethical discourse. These pertain to faithfulness to dualistic ontology, a taken-for-granted normative anthropocentrism, and the exclusion of a consideration of how political economy shapes the conditions for bioethical discourse (Twine Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 8(3):285-295, 2005; International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food 16(3):1-18, 2007, 2010). Part of my argument around bioethical dualist ontology is to critique the assumption of a division between the “medical” (human) and “agricultural” (nonhuman) and to show various ways in which they are interrelated. I deepen this analysis with a focus on transnational pharmaceutical companies, with specific attention to their role in enhancing agricultural production through animal drug administration. I employ the topical case of antibiotics in order to speak to current debates in not only the interdisciplinary field of bioethics but also that of animal studies. More generally, the animal-industrial complex (Twine Journal for Critical Animal Studies 10(1):12-39, 2012) is underlined as a highly relevant bioethical object that deserves more conceptual and empirical attention.\r\n\r\nPlease contact me if you can't access the pdf","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33835096,"asset_id":4690686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41342,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Twine","domain_name":"edgehill","page_name":"RichardTwine","display_name":"Richard Twine","profile_url":"https://edgehill.academia.edu/RichardTwine?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41342/13513/87178056/s65_richard.twine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":1035,"name":"Animal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Science?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":1625,"name":"Human-Animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":3234,"name":"Animal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ethics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":3404,"name":"Critical Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Animal_Studies?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=35620"},{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=35620"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=35620"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":46182,"name":"Pharmaceutical industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_industry?f_ri=35620"},{"id":251655,"name":"Antibiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotics?f_ri=35620"},{"id":931247,"name":"Philosophy and Sociology of Human/animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Sociology_of_Human_animal_Relations?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72503723" data-work_id="72503723" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72503723/Molecular_Identification_of_Multi_Drug_resistant_Klebsiella_pneumoniae_Isolated_from_Neonates_with_Sepsis_in_Egypt">Molecular Identification of Multi Drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Neonates with Sepsis in Egypt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neonatal sepsis is one of the most prevalent infections today, claiming the lives of almost one million newborns in developing countries. Our objective is to determine the bacteria that cause sepsis in newborns in Egyptian hospitals, as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72503723" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neonatal sepsis is one of the most prevalent infections today, claiming the lives of almost one million newborns in developing countries. Our objective is to determine the bacteria that cause sepsis in newborns in Egyptian hospitals, as well as to discover their resistance profiles, allowing for the selection of appropriate drug combinations against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nine hundred and eighty-nine blood samples were collected from neonates in Al Demerdash and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital from March 2019 to March 20121 according to the standard protocols. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test AST were performed using VITEK® 2 system. The results revealed that 51.4 % of patients had positive blood cultures, with 60.3 % females and 39.7 %. Males. Sepsis with late onset was detected in 95% of positive cases, while sepsis with early onset was observed in only 5% of the total positive cases. According to the Original Research Article</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72503723" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a9c1b47b1438861e7ee4024c12473ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81405647,"asset_id":72503723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81405647/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="148166137" href="https://mti.academia.edu/DrFaroukHassan">Dr. Farouk Hassan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="148166137" type="text/json">{"id":148166137,"first_name":"Dr. Farouk","last_name":"Hassan","domain_name":"mti","page_name":"DrFaroukHassan","display_name":"Dr. Farouk Hassan","profile_url":"https://mti.academia.edu/DrFaroukHassan?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148166137/40792645/62917202/s65_dr._farouk.hassan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72503723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72503723"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72503723, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72503723", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72503723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72503723; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72503723"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72503723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72503723"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72503723; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72503723]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72503723").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72503723").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72503723"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37833" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real-time_RT-PCR">Real-time RT-PCR</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37833" type="text/json">{"id":37833,"name":"Real-time RT-PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real-time_RT-PCR?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance">Multidrug Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94123" type="text/json">{"id":94123,"name":"Multidrug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="138239" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonates">Neonates</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="138239" type="text/json">{"id":138239,"name":"Neonates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonates?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72503723]'), work: {"id":72503723,"title":"Molecular Identification of Multi Drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Neonates with Sepsis in Egypt","created_at":"2022-02-26T07:38:23.465-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72503723/Molecular_Identification_of_Multi_Drug_resistant_Klebsiella_pneumoniae_Isolated_from_Neonates_with_Sepsis_in_Egypt?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_72503723","summary":"Neonatal sepsis is one of the most prevalent infections today, claiming the lives of almost one million newborns in developing countries. Our objective is to determine the bacteria that cause sepsis in newborns in Egyptian hospitals, as well as to discover their resistance profiles, allowing for the selection of appropriate drug combinations against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nine hundred and eighty-nine blood samples were collected from neonates in Al Demerdash and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital from March 2019 to March 20121 according to the standard protocols. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test AST were performed using VITEK® 2 system. The results revealed that 51.4 % of patients had positive blood cultures, with 60.3 % females and 39.7 %. Males. Sepsis with late onset was detected in 95% of positive cases, while sepsis with early onset was observed in only 5% of the total positive cases. According to the Original Research Article","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81405647,"asset_id":72503723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":81405793,"asset_id":72503723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":148166137,"first_name":"Dr. Farouk","last_name":"Hassan","domain_name":"mti","page_name":"DrFaroukHassan","display_name":"Dr. Farouk Hassan","profile_url":"https://mti.academia.edu/DrFaroukHassan?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148166137/40792645/62917202/s65_dr._farouk.hassan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":37833,"name":"Real-time RT-PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real-time_RT-PCR?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":94123,"name":"Multidrug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":138239,"name":"Neonates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonates?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":200480,"name":"Betalactamases, ESBL, klebsiella pneumoniae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Betalactamases_ESBL_klebsiella_pneumoniae?f_ri=35620"},{"id":512417,"name":"Neonatal Sepsis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_Sepsis?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2037499,"name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Klebsiella_pneumoniae?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63251205" data-work_id="63251205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63251205/Wound_management_in_an_era_of_increasing_bacterial_antibiotic_resistance_A_role_for_topical_silver_treatment">Wound management in an era of increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance: A role for topical silver treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent an increasing concern in wound infections. Wound colonization with these organisms normally results in aggressive management of the wound complicated by a greatly limited choice of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63251205" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent an increasing concern in wound infections. Wound colonization with these organisms normally results in aggressive management of the wound complicated by a greatly limited choice of therapeutic antibiotics. Silver and other noble metals are recognized as potential allies in combating these organisms in wounds. Methods: Three types of topical silver applications were tested to determine their bactericidal efficacies against clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant organisms. The silver-based applications represent 3 methods of applying silver to wounds: as a liquid (silver nitrate), incorporated in a cream (silver sulfadiazine) and as a dressing coating (silver-coated dressings). The reduction in the viable bacterial population recovered from test articles after exposure to silver provided a comparative measure of the bactericidal efficacies of these silver applications. Results: All of the products demonstrated an ability to reduce the number of viable bacteria. However, the methods varied in their efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with the silver-coated dressing being the most efficacious and silver nitrate the least efficacious. Conclusions: Silver was demonstrated to be effective at killing the antibiotic-resistant strains tested. The silver-coated dressing was particularly rapid at killing the tested bacteria and was effective against a broader range of bacteria. Silver may be a useful prophylactic or therapeutic agent for the prevention of wound colonization by organisms that impede healing, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63251205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f18d2be4f9b71155fc05645158f3566" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75740404,"asset_id":63251205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75740404/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41565369" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBurrell">Robert Burrell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41565369" type="text/json">{"id":41565369,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Burrell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertBurrell","display_name":"Robert Burrell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBurrell?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63251205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63251205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63251205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63251205", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63251205]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63251205").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63251205").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63251205"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_Control">Infection Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69637" type="text/json">{"id":69637,"name":"Infection Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_Control?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="115151" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance">Microbial genetic and drug resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="115151" type="text/json">{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63251205]'), work: {"id":63251205,"title":"Wound management in an era of increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance: A role for topical silver treatment","created_at":"2021-12-05T04:30:14.045-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63251205/Wound_management_in_an_era_of_increasing_bacterial_antibiotic_resistance_A_role_for_topical_silver_treatment?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_63251205","summary":"Background: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent an increasing concern in wound infections. Wound colonization with these organisms normally results in aggressive management of the wound complicated by a greatly limited choice of therapeutic antibiotics. Silver and other noble metals are recognized as potential allies in combating these organisms in wounds. Methods: Three types of topical silver applications were tested to determine their bactericidal efficacies against clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant organisms. The silver-based applications represent 3 methods of applying silver to wounds: as a liquid (silver nitrate), incorporated in a cream (silver sulfadiazine) and as a dressing coating (silver-coated dressings). The reduction in the viable bacterial population recovered from test articles after exposure to silver provided a comparative measure of the bactericidal efficacies of these silver applications. Results: All of the products demonstrated an ability to reduce the number of viable bacteria. However, the methods varied in their efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with the silver-coated dressing being the most efficacious and silver nitrate the least efficacious. Conclusions: Silver was demonstrated to be effective at killing the antibiotic-resistant strains tested. The silver-coated dressing was particularly rapid at killing the tested bacteria and was effective against a broader range of bacteria. Silver may be a useful prophylactic or therapeutic agent for the prevention of wound colonization by organisms that impede healing, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75740404,"asset_id":63251205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41565369,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Burrell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertBurrell","display_name":"Robert Burrell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBurrell?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":69637,"name":"Infection Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_Control?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=35620"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=35620"},{"id":587528,"name":"Bacterial infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_infections?f_ri=35620"},{"id":663253,"name":"Silver Nitrate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver_Nitrate?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1404065,"name":"Bandages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bandages?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3059264,"name":"Wound infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wound_infection?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3338146,"name":"Silver sulfadiazine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver_sulfadiazine?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3854113,"name":"Cross Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Infection?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4498224" data-work_id="4498224" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4498224/Comparative_analysis_of_antibiotic_resistance_immunofluorescent_colony_staining_and_a_transgenic_marker_bioluminescence_for_monitoring_the_environmental_fate_of_a_Rhizobacterium">Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance, immunofluorescent colony staining, and a transgenic marker (bioluminescence) for monitoring the environmental fate of a Rhizobacterium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mycoplasma genitalium has been proposed as a suitable model for an in-depth understanding of the biology of a free-living organism. This paper reports that the expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(69)-aph(20), the only... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4498224" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mycoplasma genitalium has been proposed as a suitable model for an in-depth understanding of the biology of a free-living organism. This paper reports that the expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(69)-aph(20), the only selectable marker hitherto available for M. genitalium genetic studies, correlates with a growth impairment of the resistant strains. In light of this finding, a tetM438 construction based on the tetracycline resistance gene tetM was developed; it can be used efficiently in M. genitalium and confers multiple advantages when compared to aac(69)-aph(20). The use of tetM438 significantly improves transformation efficiency and generates visible colonies faster. Finally, the improvements in the pMTnTetM438 construction made it possible to obtain insertions in genes which have not been previously considered to be dispensable under laboratory growth conditions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4498224" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5042a278651f67657592d468c23e523c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49821506,"asset_id":4498224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49821506/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5577513" href="https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalterMahaffee">Walter Mahaffee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5577513" type="text/json">{"id":5577513,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Mahaffee","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"WalterMahaffee","display_name":"Walter Mahaffee","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalterMahaffee?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4498224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4498224"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4498224, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4498224", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4498224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4498224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4498224"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4498224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4498224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4498224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4498224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4498224").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4498224").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4498224"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17960" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases">Infectious Diseases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17960" type="text/json">{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4498224]'), work: {"id":4498224,"title":"Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance, immunofluorescent colony staining, and a transgenic marker (bioluminescence) for monitoring the environmental fate of a Rhizobacterium","created_at":"2013-09-16T02:14:48.324-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4498224/Comparative_analysis_of_antibiotic_resistance_immunofluorescent_colony_staining_and_a_transgenic_marker_bioluminescence_for_monitoring_the_environmental_fate_of_a_Rhizobacterium?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_4498224","summary":"Mycoplasma genitalium has been proposed as a suitable model for an in-depth understanding of the biology of a free-living organism. This paper reports that the expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(69)-aph(20), the only selectable marker hitherto available for M. genitalium genetic studies, correlates with a growth impairment of the resistant strains. In light of this finding, a tetM438 construction based on the tetracycline resistance gene tetM was developed; it can be used efficiently in M. genitalium and confers multiple advantages when compared to aac(69)-aph(20). The use of tetM438 significantly improves transformation efficiency and generates visible colonies faster. Finally, the improvements in the pMTnTetM438 construction made it possible to obtain insertions in genes which have not been previously considered to be dispensable under laboratory growth conditions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49821506,"asset_id":4498224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5577513,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Mahaffee","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"WalterMahaffee","display_name":"Walter Mahaffee","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalterMahaffee?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=35620"},{"id":158914,"name":"Luminescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luminescence?f_ri=35620"},{"id":313005,"name":"Mycoplasma Genitalium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycoplasma_Genitalium?f_ri=35620"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":858129,"name":"Rhizobiaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizobiaceae?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6567461" data-work_id="6567461" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6567461/Antibiotic_resistance_in_Gram_negative_bacteria_isolated_from_farmed_catfish">Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from farmed catfish</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A total 67 strains were isolated from five different stations of Aksu River. Total aerobic bacteria number in the river was determined as 2 x 10 7 CFU/mL and fecal coliforms were determined >1100 MPN/100 mL. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6567461" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A total 67 strains were isolated from five different stations of Aksu River. Total aerobic bacteria number in the river was determined as 2 x 10 7 CFU/mL and fecal coliforms were determined >1100 MPN/100 mL. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae (66 isolates), representative of the human and animal commensal flora, and Pseudomonas sp. (1 isolate) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among the isolates, 67,2% were Escherichia coli, 29,8% Klebsiella spp., 1,5% Citrobacter spp., and 1,5% Pseudomonas spp. Eleven antibiotics (Meropenem, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Sulbactam/Cefoperazone, Cefazoline, Cefotaxime, Aztreonam, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Penicillin G) were used for determination of antibiotic resistance of isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistances were determined in 27 isolates (40%) and they were resistant to five or over antibiotics and 49,3% of the isolates were found to be β-lactamase producing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6567461" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fef0960c700971a84d0504457a27ad8b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48803795,"asset_id":6567461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48803795/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10553666" href="https://hcmuaf.academia.edu/HoangNguyen">Hoang Nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10553666" type="text/json">{"id":10553666,"first_name":"Hoang","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"hcmuaf","page_name":"HoangNguyen","display_name":"Hoang Nguyen","profile_url":"https://hcmuaf.academia.edu/HoangNguyen?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6567461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6567461"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6567461, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6567461", }); 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Total aerobic bacteria number in the river was determined as 2 x 10 7 CFU/mL and fecal coliforms were determined \u003e1100 MPN/100 mL. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae (66 isolates), representative of the human and animal commensal flora, and Pseudomonas sp. (1 isolate) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among the isolates, 67,2% were Escherichia coli, 29,8% Klebsiella spp., 1,5% Citrobacter spp., and 1,5% Pseudomonas spp. Eleven antibiotics (Meropenem, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Sulbactam/Cefoperazone, Cefazoline, Cefotaxime, Aztreonam, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Penicillin G) were used for determination of antibiotic resistance of isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistances were determined in 27 isolates (40%) and they were resistant to five or over antibiotics and 49,3% of the isolates were found to be β-lactamase producing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48803795,"asset_id":6567461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10553666,"first_name":"Hoang","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"hcmuaf","page_name":"HoangNguyen","display_name":"Hoang Nguyen","profile_url":"https://hcmuaf.academia.edu/HoangNguyen?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":74699,"name":"Antimicrobial susceptibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_susceptibility?f_ri=35620"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=35620"},{"id":136717,"name":"Disease Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Prevention?f_ri=35620"},{"id":170652,"name":"Fisheries Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":184779,"name":"Fish Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Farming?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335965,"name":"Gram-negative bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram-negative_bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=35620"},{"id":958594,"name":"Fecal Coliform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fecal_Coliform?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1281823,"name":"Antibiotic Susceptibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Susceptibility?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1358026,"name":"Production Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Cost?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1479272,"name":"Antibiotic Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Use?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2061307,"name":"Nalidixic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nalidixic_acid?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2209109,"name":"Food control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_control?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47837024" data-work_id="47837024" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47837024/Prevalence_Proportions_and_Identities_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_in_the_Oral_Microflora_of_Healthy_Children">Prevalence, Proportions, and Identities of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Oral Microflora of Healthy Children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, proportions and identities of oral bacteria resistant to six antibiotics in 35 children (4-5 years old) who had not received antibiotics during the previous 3 months. Ampicillin-,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47837024" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, proportions and identities of oral bacteria resistant to six antibiotics in 35 children (4-5 years old) who had not received antibiotics during the previous 3 months. Ampicillin-, penicillin-, erythromycin-, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria were harbored by 35 (100%), 34 (97%), 35 (100%), and 34 (97%) children, respectively. None of the children harbored metronidazole-resistant anaerobic bacteria or Gram-positive vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The median percentage of the oral microflora resistant to each of the antibiotics was ampicillin 1% (range 0.1-23), erythromycin 13% (1-45), penicillin 1% (0-14), and tetracycline 2% (0-88). A total of 432 antibiotic-resistant isolates were recovered that comprised 18 genera and 47 species. Ampicillin resistance was widely distributed throughout different genera and species, whereas tetracycline resistance was predominately found in the streptococci. Multiresistant bacteria were frequently isolated with 28% of isolates exhibiting resistance to two or more antibiotics. Veillonella spp., traditionally considered susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin, were found frequently to be resistant to these two antibiotics. This study demonstrates that a diverse collection of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic, opportunistic, and nonpathogenic bacteria can be readily isolated from, and in some subjects dominate, the oral microflora of primary school children in the absence of recently administered antibiotics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47837024" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d68796a2766151d86c34f4f9e1170f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66754638,"asset_id":47837024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66754638/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42667787" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BediRaman">Raman Bedi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42667787" type="text/json">{"id":42667787,"first_name":"Raman","last_name":"Bedi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BediRaman","display_name":"Raman Bedi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BediRaman?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47837024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47837024"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47837024, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47837024", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47837024]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47837024").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47837024").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47837024"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50538" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London">London</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50538" type="text/json">{"id":50538,"name":"London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54433" type="text/json">{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47837024]'), work: {"id":47837024,"title":"Prevalence, Proportions, and Identities of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Oral Microflora of Healthy Children","created_at":"2021-05-01T06:14:49.137-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47837024/Prevalence_Proportions_and_Identities_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_in_the_Oral_Microflora_of_Healthy_Children?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_47837024","summary":"The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, proportions and identities of oral bacteria resistant to six antibiotics in 35 children (4-5 years old) who had not received antibiotics during the previous 3 months. Ampicillin-, penicillin-, erythromycin-, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria were harbored by 35 (100%), 34 (97%), 35 (100%), and 34 (97%) children, respectively. None of the children harbored metronidazole-resistant anaerobic bacteria or Gram-positive vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The median percentage of the oral microflora resistant to each of the antibiotics was ampicillin 1% (range 0.1-23), erythromycin 13% (1-45), penicillin 1% (0-14), and tetracycline 2% (0-88). A total of 432 antibiotic-resistant isolates were recovered that comprised 18 genera and 47 species. Ampicillin resistance was widely distributed throughout different genera and species, whereas tetracycline resistance was predominately found in the streptococci. Multiresistant bacteria were frequently isolated with 28% of isolates exhibiting resistance to two or more antibiotics. Veillonella spp., traditionally considered susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin, were found frequently to be resistant to these two antibiotics. This study demonstrates that a diverse collection of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic, opportunistic, and nonpathogenic bacteria can be readily isolated from, and in some subjects dominate, the oral microflora of primary school children in the absence of recently administered antibiotics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66754638,"asset_id":47837024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42667787,"first_name":"Raman","last_name":"Bedi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BediRaman","display_name":"Raman Bedi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BediRaman?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":50538,"name":"London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":402186,"name":"Mouth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mouth?f_ri=35620"},{"id":477952,"name":"Dental Plaque","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Plaque?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1793535,"name":"microbial drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/microbial_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_340537" data-work_id="340537" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/340537/Antibiotic_Resistance_and_Genetic_Diversity_of_Escherichia_Coli_Isolated_From_Indonesian_Monitor_Lizards_Varanus_Spp_">Antibiotic Resistance and Genetic Diversity of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Indonesian Monitor Lizards (Varanus 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Bacteria Isolated from a Peat Bog at Poutwater Pond, Holden, Massachusetts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Helaeomyia petrolei (oil fly) larvae inhabit the asphalt seeps of Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles, Calif. The culturable microbial gut contents of larvae collected from the viscous oil were recently examined, and the majority (9 of 14) of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2437900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Helaeomyia petrolei (oil fly) larvae inhabit the asphalt seeps of Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles, Calif. The culturable microbial gut contents of larvae collected from the viscous oil were recently examined, and the majority (9 of 14) of the strains were identified as Providencia spp. Subsequently, 12 of the bacterial strains isolated were tested for their resistance or sensitivity to 23 commonly used antibiotics. All nine strains classified as Providencia rettgeri exhibited dramatic resistance to tetracycline, vancomycin, bacitracin, erythromycin, novobiocin, polymyxin, colistin, and nitrofurantoin. Eight of nine Providencia strains showed resistance to spectinomycin, six of nine showed resistance to chloramphenicol, and five of nine showed resistance to neomycin. All 12 isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, norfloxacin, aztreonam, cipericillin, pipericillin, and cefotaxime, and all but OF008 (Morganella morganii) were sensitive to ampicillin and cefoxitin. The oil fly bacteria were not resistant to multiple antibiotics due to an elevated mutation rate. For each bacterium, the number of resistant mutants per 10 8 cells was determined separately on rifampin, nalidixic acid, and spectinomycin. In each case, the average frequencies of resistant colonies were at least 50-fold lower than those established for known mutator strain ECOR 48. In addition, the oil fly bacteria do not appear to excrete antimicrobial agents. When tested, none of the oil fly bacteria produced detectable zones of inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans cultures. Furthermore, the resistance properties of oil fly bacteria extended to organic solvents as well as antibiotics. When pre-exposed to 20 g of tetracycline per ml, seven of nine oil fly bacteria tolerated overlays of 100% cyclohexane, six of nine tolerated 10% xylene, benzene, or toluene (10:90 in cyclohexane), and three of nine (OF007, OF010, and OF011) tolerated overlays of 50% xylene-50% cyclohexane. The observed correlation between antibiotic resistance and organic solvent tolerance is likely explained by an active efflux pump that is maintained in oil fly bacteria by the constant selective pressure of La Brea's solvent-rich environment. We suggest that the oil fly bacteria and their genes for solvent tolerance may provide a microbial reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2437900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccb0abdd03f8cca5fc77f7e5b574eeb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50623759,"asset_id":2437900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50623759/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="760687" href="https://worcester.academia.edu/AdrienneSmyth">Adrienne Smyth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="760687" type="text/json">{"id":760687,"first_name":"Adrienne","last_name":"Smyth","domain_name":"worcester","page_name":"AdrienneSmyth","display_name":"Adrienne Smyth","profile_url":"https://worcester.academia.edu/AdrienneSmyth?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/760687/258246/305140/s65_adrienne.smyth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2437900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2437900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2437900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2437900", }); 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The culturable microbial gut contents of larvae collected from the viscous oil were recently examined, and the majority (9 of 14) of the strains were identified as Providencia spp. Subsequently, 12 of the bacterial strains isolated were tested for their resistance or sensitivity to 23 commonly used antibiotics. All nine strains classified as Providencia rettgeri exhibited dramatic resistance to tetracycline, vancomycin, bacitracin, erythromycin, novobiocin, polymyxin, colistin, and nitrofurantoin. Eight of nine Providencia strains showed resistance to spectinomycin, six of nine showed resistance to chloramphenicol, and five of nine showed resistance to neomycin. All 12 isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, norfloxacin, aztreonam, cipericillin, pipericillin, and cefotaxime, and all but OF008 (Morganella morganii) were sensitive to ampicillin and cefoxitin. The oil fly bacteria were not resistant to multiple antibiotics due to an elevated mutation rate. For each bacterium, the number of resistant mutants per 10 8 cells was determined separately on rifampin, nalidixic acid, and spectinomycin. In each case, the average frequencies of resistant colonies were at least 50-fold lower than those established for known mutator strain ECOR 48. In addition, the oil fly bacteria do not appear to excrete antimicrobial agents. When tested, none of the oil fly bacteria produced detectable zones of inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans cultures. Furthermore, the resistance properties of oil fly bacteria extended to organic solvents as well as antibiotics. When pre-exposed to 20 g of tetracycline per ml, seven of nine oil fly bacteria tolerated overlays of 100% cyclohexane, six of nine tolerated 10% xylene, benzene, or toluene (10:90 in cyclohexane), and three of nine (OF007, OF010, and OF011) tolerated overlays of 50% xylene-50% cyclohexane. The observed correlation between antibiotic resistance and organic solvent tolerance is likely explained by an active efflux pump that is maintained in oil fly bacteria by the constant selective pressure of La Brea's solvent-rich environment. We suggest that the oil fly bacteria and their genes for solvent tolerance may provide a microbial reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50623759,"asset_id":2437900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":760687,"first_name":"Adrienne","last_name":"Smyth","domain_name":"worcester","page_name":"AdrienneSmyth","display_name":"Adrienne Smyth","profile_url":"https://worcester.academia.edu/AdrienneSmyth?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/760687/258246/305140/s65_adrienne.smyth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5285,"name":"Petroleum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":39799,"name":"Los Angeles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Los_Angeles?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=35620"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=35620"},{"id":96502,"name":"Applied","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied?f_ri=35620"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":116078,"name":"Staphylococcus aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus_aureus?f_ri=35620"},{"id":141861,"name":"Bios","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bios?f_ri=35620"},{"id":152458,"name":"Tetracycline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tetracycline?f_ri=35620"},{"id":225499,"name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335965,"name":"Gram-negative bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram-negative_bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=35620"},{"id":447027,"name":"Acinetobacter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acinetobacter?f_ri=35620"},{"id":461851,"name":"Diptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diptera?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=35620"},{"id":623717,"name":"Efflux Pumps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efflux_Pumps?f_ri=35620"},{"id":636395,"name":"Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Aeruginosa-1?f_ri=35620"},{"id":982316,"name":"Peat Bog","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peat_Bog?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1264920,"name":"Mutation Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation_Rate?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2061307,"name":"Nalidixic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nalidixic_acid?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2158434,"name":"Providencia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Providencia?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80395997" data-work_id="80395997" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80395997/Combined_efficacy_of_thymol_and_silver_nanoparticles_against_Staphylococcus_aureus">Combined efficacy of thymol and silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Due to the looming spread of resistance to classical antimicrobial agents, innovative therapeutic methods are in dire need to combat the onslaught of resistant bacterial pathogens. This study examines the antimicrobial efficacy of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80395997" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Due to the looming spread of resistance to classical antimicrobial agents, innovative therapeutic methods are in dire need to combat the onslaught of resistant bacterial pathogens. This study examines the antimicrobial efficacy of a phytochemical and a metallic nanoparticle against the top Gram positive resistant pathogen. The potential synergy of these two agents was also evaluated. The antibacterial activity of thymol and silver nanoparticles were tested individually using disc diffusion technique. The extent of synergy of their combination was evaluated using the checkerboard assay. Twenty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus characterized as methicillin resistant or methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were utilized and the extent of synergism was calculated from fractional inhibitory concentration indices. Thymol exhibited an antistaphylococcal activity regardless of whether the isolates were phenotypically resistant or sensitive to methicillin. Combining thymol with silver nanoparticles resulted in at least additive or synergistic effect for all the examined strains and methicillin resistant strains were inhibited in the combinatorial assays to a greater extent comparative to when silver nanoparticles or thymol were used singly.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80395997" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e779de9b85cd713d224565b23194c3d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86791678,"asset_id":80395997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86791678/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4312377" href="https://damanhour.academia.edu/SarahMagdy">Sarah M Abdelhamid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4312377" type="text/json">{"id":4312377,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Abdelhamid","domain_name":"damanhour","page_name":"SarahMagdy","display_name":"Sarah M Abdelhamid","profile_url":"https://damanhour.academia.edu/SarahMagdy?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312377/1725288/16651401/s65_sarah.magdy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80395997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80395997"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80395997, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80395997", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80395997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80395997; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80395997"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80395997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80395997"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80395997; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80395997]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80395997").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80395997").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80395997"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver_Nanoparticles">Silver Nanoparticles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="75530" type="text/json">{"id":75530,"name":"Silver Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver_Nanoparticles?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80395997]'), work: {"id":80395997,"title":"Combined efficacy of thymol and silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus","created_at":"2022-05-31T13:00:44.064-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80395997/Combined_efficacy_of_thymol_and_silver_nanoparticles_against_Staphylococcus_aureus?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_80395997","summary":"Due to the looming spread of resistance to classical antimicrobial agents, innovative therapeutic methods are in dire need to combat the onslaught of resistant bacterial pathogens. This study examines the antimicrobial efficacy of a phytochemical and a metallic nanoparticle against the top Gram positive resistant pathogen. The potential synergy of these two agents was also evaluated. The antibacterial activity of thymol and silver nanoparticles were tested individually using disc diffusion technique. The extent of synergy of their combination was evaluated using the checkerboard assay. Twenty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus characterized as methicillin resistant or methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were utilized and the extent of synergism was calculated from fractional inhibitory concentration indices. Thymol exhibited an antistaphylococcal activity regardless of whether the isolates were phenotypically resistant or sensitive to methicillin. Combining thymol with silver nanoparticles resulted in at least additive or synergistic effect for all the examined strains and methicillin resistant strains were inhibited in the combinatorial assays to a greater extent comparative to when silver nanoparticles or thymol were used singly.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86791678,"asset_id":80395997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4312377,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Abdelhamid","domain_name":"damanhour","page_name":"SarahMagdy","display_name":"Sarah M Abdelhamid","profile_url":"https://damanhour.academia.edu/SarahMagdy?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312377/1725288/16651401/s65_sarah.magdy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":75530,"name":"Silver Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver_Nanoparticles?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":94802,"name":"Academic Journals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Journals?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1675944,"name":"Thymol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thymol?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79165705" data-work_id="79165705" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79165705/Epidemiology_and_Resistance_Levels_of_Enterobacteriaceae_Isolates_from_Urinary_Tract_Infections_Expressed_as_Multiple_Antibiotic_Resistance_MAR_Indices">Epidemiology and Resistance Levels of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections Expressed as Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Indices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aims: To assess the epidemiology of UTIs affecting inpatients and outpatients and the antibiotic resistance levels, expressed as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices from the isolated species at a tertiary-care hospital in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79165705" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aims: To assess the epidemiology of UTIs affecting inpatients and outpatients and the antibiotic resistance levels, expressed as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices from the isolated species at a tertiary-care hospital in Hungary, during a 10-year study period. Study Design: Retrospective microbiological study. Place and Duration of Study: 1st of January 2008 - 31st of December 2017 at the University of Szeged, which is affiliated with the Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, a primary- and tertiary-care teaching hospital in the Southern Great Plain of Hungary. Methodology: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using disk diffusion method and when appropriate, E-tests on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) plates. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates was determined. Results: During the 10-year study period, the Institute of Clinical Microbiology received 21,150 urine samples from outpatient clinics and 19,325 samples from inpatient depart...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79165705" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3537b9a06036007e74dc2bcce7c4a2b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85974344,"asset_id":79165705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85974344/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122616695" href="https://u-szeged.academia.edu/M%C3%A1ri%C3%B3Gajd%C3%A1cs">Márió Gajdács</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122616695" type="text/json">{"id":122616695,"first_name":"Márió","last_name":"Gajdács","domain_name":"u-szeged","page_name":"MárióGajdács","display_name":"Márió Gajdács","profile_url":"https://u-szeged.academia.edu/M%C3%A1ri%C3%B3Gajd%C3%A1cs?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122616695/30766322/69630772/s65_m_ri_.gajd_cs.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79165705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79165705"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79165705, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79165705", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79165705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79165705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79165705"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79165705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79165705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79165705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79165705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79165705").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79165705").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79165705"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79165705]'), work: {"id":79165705,"title":"Epidemiology and Resistance Levels of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections Expressed as Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Indices","created_at":"2022-05-15T13:50:50.602-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79165705/Epidemiology_and_Resistance_Levels_of_Enterobacteriaceae_Isolates_from_Urinary_Tract_Infections_Expressed_as_Multiple_Antibiotic_Resistance_MAR_Indices?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_79165705","summary":"Aims: To assess the epidemiology of UTIs affecting inpatients and outpatients and the antibiotic resistance levels, expressed as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices from the isolated species at a tertiary-care hospital in Hungary, during a 10-year study period. Study Design: Retrospective microbiological study. Place and Duration of Study: 1st of January 2008 - 31st of December 2017 at the University of Szeged, which is affiliated with the Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, a primary- and tertiary-care teaching hospital in the Southern Great Plain of Hungary. Methodology: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using disk diffusion method and when appropriate, E-tests on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) plates. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates was determined. Results: During the 10-year study period, the Institute of Clinical Microbiology received 21,150 urine samples from outpatient clinics and 19,325 samples from inpatient depart...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85974344,"asset_id":79165705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122616695,"first_name":"Márió","last_name":"Gajdács","domain_name":"u-szeged","page_name":"MárióGajdács","display_name":"Márió Gajdács","profile_url":"https://u-szeged.academia.edu/M%C3%A1ri%C3%B3Gajd%C3%A1cs?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122616695/30766322/69630772/s65_m_ri_.gajd_cs.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":95655,"name":"Pharmaceutical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical?f_ri=35620"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75105562" data-work_id="75105562" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/75105562/Prevalence_and_Antibiotic_Resistance_Patterns_Among_Clinical_Isolates_of_Extended_spectrum_%CE%B2_lactamase_ESBL_Producing_Gram_negative_Bacteria_at_a_Tertiary_Hospital_in_Iloilo_City_Philippines">Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Clinical Isolates of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Gram-negative Bacteria at a Tertiary Hospital in Iloilo City, Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75105562" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41551464" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenalynFaithCaras">Jenalyn Faith Caras</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41551464" type="text/json">{"id":41551464,"first_name":"Jenalyn Faith","last_name":"Caras","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenalynFaithCaras","display_name":"Jenalyn Faith Caras","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenalynFaithCaras?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75105562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75105562"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75105562, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75105562", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75105562]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75105562").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75105562").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75105562"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75105562]'), work: {"id":75105562,"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Clinical Isolates of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Gram-negative Bacteria at a Tertiary Hospital in Iloilo City, Philippines","created_at":"2022-03-31T15:49:53.787-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75105562/Prevalence_and_Antibiotic_Resistance_Patterns_Among_Clinical_Isolates_of_Extended_spectrum_%CE%B2_lactamase_ESBL_Producing_Gram_negative_Bacteria_at_a_Tertiary_Hospital_in_Iloilo_City_Philippines?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_75105562","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41551464,"first_name":"Jenalyn Faith","last_name":"Caras","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenalynFaithCaras","display_name":"Jenalyn Faith Caras","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenalynFaithCaras?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62530155" data-work_id="62530155" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62530155/Biological_Activities_of_Commonly_Used_Medicinal_Plants_from_Ghazi_Brotha_Attock_District">Biological Activities of Commonly Used Medicinal Plants from Ghazi Brotha, Attock District</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Medicinal plants are important natural source of possibly secure drugs. They have been playing a significant role in mitigating human miseries by contributing herbal medicines in the primary health care systems of remote areas. About 70%... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62530155" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Medicinal plants are important natural source of possibly secure drugs. They have been playing a significant role in mitigating human miseries by contributing herbal medicines in the primary health care systems of remote areas. About 70% population of rural and remote areas depends on folklore and traditional medicines to cure various ailments. The traditional medicines have gained much popularity due to the high cost and adverse effects of allopathic medicines which encouraged manufacturers of Greco-Arab and Ayurvedic systems of medicines to fuse their orthodox medicines with local traditional medicines in order to spread health coverage at a reasonable rate. Keeping in view the importance of ethnobotanical survey the current survey was carried out in Attock District, Punjab which comes under the Rawalpindi Division. The region has rural values of old civilizations and customs. The inhabitants of this area have their own trends for a village site, house, family, childbirth, death c...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62530155" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0d330c6f806a6e261e192dccfbdb196" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75259675,"asset_id":62530155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75259675/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26286256" href="https://qau.academia.edu/ZabtaShinwari">Zabta Shinwari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26286256" type="text/json">{"id":26286256,"first_name":"Zabta","last_name":"Shinwari","domain_name":"qau","page_name":"ZabtaShinwari","display_name":"Zabta Shinwari","profile_url":"https://qau.academia.edu/ZabtaShinwari?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62530155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62530155"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62530155, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62530155", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62530155]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62530155").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62530155").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62530155"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="290432" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial_activity">Antibacterial activity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="290432" type="text/json">{"id":290432,"name":"Antibacterial activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial_activity?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62530155]'), work: {"id":62530155,"title":"Biological Activities of Commonly Used Medicinal Plants from Ghazi Brotha, Attock District","created_at":"2021-11-26T23:29:23.179-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62530155/Biological_Activities_of_Commonly_Used_Medicinal_Plants_from_Ghazi_Brotha_Attock_District?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_62530155","summary":"Medicinal plants are important natural source of possibly secure drugs. They have been playing a significant role in mitigating human miseries by contributing herbal medicines in the primary health care systems of remote areas. About 70% population of rural and remote areas depends on folklore and traditional medicines to cure various ailments. The traditional medicines have gained much popularity due to the high cost and adverse effects of allopathic medicines which encouraged manufacturers of Greco-Arab and Ayurvedic systems of medicines to fuse their orthodox medicines with local traditional medicines in order to spread health coverage at a reasonable rate. Keeping in view the importance of ethnobotanical survey the current survey was carried out in Attock District, Punjab which comes under the Rawalpindi Division. The region has rural values of old civilizations and customs. The inhabitants of this area have their own trends for a village site, house, family, childbirth, death c...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75259675,"asset_id":62530155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26286256,"first_name":"Zabta","last_name":"Shinwari","domain_name":"qau","page_name":"ZabtaShinwari","display_name":"Zabta Shinwari","profile_url":"https://qau.academia.edu/ZabtaShinwari?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":290432,"name":"Antibacterial activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial_activity?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55812428" data-work_id="55812428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55812428/Antibiotic_resistance_of_bacterial_biofilms">Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">RefDoc Bienvenue - Welcome. 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Refdoc est un service / is powered by. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71505704,"asset_id":55812428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32744045,"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Høiby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NHøiby","display_name":"N. Høiby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NH%C3%B8iby?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2187,"name":"Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":6946,"name":"Cystic Fibrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cystic_Fibrosis?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":65788,"name":"Biofilm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilm?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115896,"name":"Membrane transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_transport?f_ri=35620"},{"id":159639,"name":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Prophylaxis?f_ri=35620"},{"id":225499,"name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa?f_ri=35620"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=35620"},{"id":509981,"name":"Antimicrobial agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":587528,"name":"Bacterial infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_infections?f_ri=35620"},{"id":623717,"name":"Efflux Pumps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efflux_Pumps?f_ri=35620"},{"id":636395,"name":"Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Aeruginosa-1?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1565548,"name":"Antibiotic Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Tolerance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2560984,"name":"foreign body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/foreign_body?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2670783,"name":"Chronic Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Infection?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3134154,"name":"Doubling Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doubling_Time?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54099215" data-work_id="54099215" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54099215/Detection_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_and_Their_Resistance_Genes_In_Wastewater_Surface_Water_and_Drinking_Water_Biofilms">Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes In Wastewater, Surface Water, and Drinking Water Biofilms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54099215" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54099215" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="614d93114d1791bfa6c28c072e0c6b90" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70627818,"asset_id":54099215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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class="js-paper-rank-work_54099215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54099215"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54099215, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54099215", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54099215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54099215; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54099215"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54099215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54099215"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54099215; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54099215]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54099215").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54099215").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54099215"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2513" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology">Molecular Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2513" type="text/json">{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54099215]'), work: {"id":54099215,"title":"Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes In Wastewater, Surface Water, and Drinking Water Biofilms","created_at":"2021-09-29T19:38:01.174-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54099215/Detection_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_and_Their_Resistance_Genes_In_Wastewater_Surface_Water_and_Drinking_Water_Biofilms?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_54099215","summary":"In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70627818,"asset_id":54099215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":141243802,"first_name":"sharmin","last_name":"akter","domain_name":"uap-bd","page_name":"sharminakter","display_name":"sharmin akter","profile_url":"https://uap-bd.academia.edu/sharminakter?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":65757,"name":"Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater?f_ri=35620"},{"id":65788,"name":"Biofilm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilm?f_ri=35620"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=35620"},{"id":124470,"name":"Bank","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bank?f_ri=35620"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=35620"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=35620"},{"id":316015,"name":"Gen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gen?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1706341,"name":"Gene Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Transfer?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2563914,"name":"Heterotrophic Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterotrophic_Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2773878,"name":"Municipal Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Municipal_Wastewater?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2843474,"name":"Biotope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotope?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3512978,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance_Genes_ARG_?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3872069,"name":"Distributed Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Networks?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10655397" data-work_id="10655397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10655397/Class_2_integron_associated_antibiotic_resistance_in_Shigella_sonnei_isolates_in_Dakar_Senegal">Class 2 integron-associated antibiotic resistance in Shigella sonnei isolates in Dakar, Senegal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Forty-three Shigella sonnei isolates from adult patients with diarrhoea in Dakar were analysed for the presence of integrons. Isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin and spectinomycin. A high... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10655397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Forty-three Shigella sonnei isolates from adult patients with diarrhoea in Dakar were analysed for the presence of integrons. Isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin and spectinomycin. A high prevalence of class 2 integrons (93%) was found. These integrons showed three distinct structures: a class 2 integron, part of the Tn7 family and its derivatives, carrying four cassettes in the order dfrA1-sat-aadA1-orfX; a truncated class 2 integron, without orfX; and a third type ca. 4 kb in size. These class 2 integrons probably play a role in the spread of multiresistance in S. sonnei isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first description of class 2 integrons in S. sonnei isolated in sub-Saharan Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10655397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1d300c95a40d2ff4db17882183f3647" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47230235,"asset_id":10655397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47230235/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26028497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CheikhBoye">Cheikh Boye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26028497" type="text/json">{"id":26028497,"first_name":"Cheikh","last_name":"Boye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CheikhBoye","display_name":"Cheikh Boye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CheikhBoye?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10655397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10655397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10655397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10655397", }); 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Isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin and spectinomycin. A high prevalence of class 2 integrons (93%) was found. These integrons showed three distinct structures: a class 2 integron, part of the Tn7 family and its derivatives, carrying four cassettes in the order dfrA1-sat-aadA1-orfX; a truncated class 2 integron, without orfX; and a third type ca. 4 kb in size. These class 2 integrons probably play a role in the spread of multiresistance in S. sonnei isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first description of class 2 integrons in S. sonnei isolated in sub-Saharan Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47230235,"asset_id":10655397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26028497,"first_name":"Cheikh","last_name":"Boye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CheikhBoye","display_name":"Cheikh Boye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CheikhBoye?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35618,"name":"Senegal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senegal?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=35620"},{"id":295954,"name":"Integrons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrons?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":509981,"name":"Antimicrobial agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":611424,"name":"Sub Saharan Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sub_Saharan_Africa?f_ri=35620"},{"id":759502,"name":"Shigella sonnei","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shigella_sonnei?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18593774" data-work_id="18593774" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18593774/Concentrations_of_antibiotics_predicted_to_select_for_resistant_bacteria_Proposed_limits_for_environmental_regulation">Concentrations of antibiotics predicted to select for resistant bacteria: Proposed limits for environmental regulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There are concerns that selection pressure from antibiotics in the environment may accelerate the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, there is currently no regulatory system that takes such risks... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18593774" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are concerns that selection pressure from antibiotics in the environment may accelerate the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, there is currently no regulatory system that takes such risks into account. In part, this is due to limited knowledge of environmental concentrations that might exert selection for resistant bacteria. To experimentally determine minimal selective concentrations in complex microbial ecosystems for all antibiotics would involve considerable effort. In this work, our aim was to estimate upper boundaries for selective concentrations for all common antibiotics, based on the assumption that selective concentrations a priori need to be lower than those completely inhibiting growth. Data on Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were obtained for 111 antibiotics from the public EUCAST database. The 1% lowest observed MICs were identified, and to compensate for limited species coverage, predicted lowest MICs adjusted for the number of tested species were extrapolated through modeling. Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for resistance selection were then assessed using an assessment factor of 10 to account for differences between MICs and minimal selective concentrations. The resulting PNECs ranged from 8 ng/L to 64 μg/L. Further- more, the link between taxonomic similarity between species and lowest MIC was weak. This work provides estimated upper boundaries for selective concentrations (lowest MICs) and PNECs for resistance selection for all common antibiotics. In most cases, PNECs for selection of resistance were below available PNECs for ecotoxicological effects. The generated PNECs can guide implementation of compound-specific emission limits that take into account risks for resistance promotion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18593774" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9cd2c1dd25075a13e2fd749fbe4e6a7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40147150,"asset_id":18593774,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40147150/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="251175" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/JohanBengtssonPalme">Johan Bengtsson-Palme</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="251175" type="text/json">{"id":251175,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Bengtsson-Palme","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"JohanBengtssonPalme","display_name":"Johan Bengtsson-Palme","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/JohanBengtssonPalme?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251175/58272/19738956/s65_johan.bengtsson-palme.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18593774 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18593774"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18593774, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18593774", }); 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Nevertheless, there is currently no regulatory system that takes such risks into account. In part, this is due to limited knowledge of environmental concentrations that might exert selection for resistant bacteria. To experimentally determine minimal selective concentrations in complex microbial ecosystems for all antibiotics would involve considerable effort. In this work, our aim was to estimate upper boundaries for selective concentrations for all common antibiotics, based on the assumption that selective concentrations a priori need to be lower than those completely inhibiting growth. Data on Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were obtained for 111 antibiotics from the public EUCAST database. The 1% lowest observed MICs were identified, and to compensate for limited species coverage, predicted lowest MICs adjusted for the number of tested species were extrapolated through modeling. Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for resistance selection were then assessed using an assessment factor of 10 to account for differences between MICs and minimal selective concentrations. The resulting PNECs ranged from 8 ng/L to 64 μg/L. Further- more, the link between taxonomic similarity between species and lowest MIC was weak. This work provides estimated upper boundaries for selective concentrations (lowest MICs) and PNECs for resistance selection for all common antibiotics. In most cases, PNECs for selection of resistance were below available PNECs for ecotoxicological effects. The generated PNECs can guide implementation of compound-specific emission limits that take into account risks for resistance promotion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40147150,"asset_id":18593774,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":251175,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Bengtsson-Palme","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"JohanBengtssonPalme","display_name":"Johan Bengtsson-Palme","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/JohanBengtssonPalme?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251175/58272/19738956/s65_johan.bengtsson-palme.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22309,"name":"Environmental Risk Assesment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk_Assesment?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":43668,"name":"Antimicrobial drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":251655,"name":"Antibiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":352182,"name":"PNEC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PNEC?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41504536" data-work_id="41504536" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41504536/Colistin_Resistance_and_Rapid_Spread_Colistin_Resistance_Gene_A_Significant_Public_Health_Challenge_Worldwide">Colistin Resistance and Rapid Spread Colistin Resistance Gene: A Significant Public Health Challenge Worldwide</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41504536" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="473823939e1eef99c287d2580cf549fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61675021,"asset_id":41504536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61675021/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8484717" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaqueMainul">Mainul Haque</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8484717" type="text/json">{"id":8484717,"first_name":"Mainul","last_name":"Haque","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaqueMainul","display_name":"Mainul Haque","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaqueMainul?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8484717/4271619/10355422/s65_mainul.haque.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41504536 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41504536"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41504536, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41504536", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41504536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41504536").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41504536").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41504536"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41504536]'), work: {"id":41504536,"title":"Colistin Resistance and Rapid Spread Colistin Resistance Gene: A Significant Public Health Challenge Worldwide","created_at":"2020-01-03T20:13:50.577-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41504536/Colistin_Resistance_and_Rapid_Spread_Colistin_Resistance_Gene_A_Significant_Public_Health_Challenge_Worldwide?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_41504536","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61675021,"asset_id":41504536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8484717,"first_name":"Mainul","last_name":"Haque","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaqueMainul","display_name":"Mainul Haque","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaqueMainul?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8484717/4271619/10355422/s65_mainul.haque.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9988265" data-work_id="9988265" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9988265/Antibiotic_resistance_of_Escherichia_coli_isolated_from_poultry_workers_patients_and_chicken_in_the_eastern_province_of_Saudi_Arabia">Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry workers, patients and chicken in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples from 117 poultry industry workers, 100 patients and119 healthy chicken were compared. Resistance of E. coli chicken isolates to ampicillin,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9988265" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples from 117 poultry industry workers, 100 patients and119 healthy chicken were compared. Resistance of E. coli chicken isolates to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, spectinomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim ϩ sulphamethoxazole (TMP ϩ SMX) (range 57% -99.1%) were significantly higher than those isolated from patients (range 21.9% -71.4%) and workers (range 35% -71.8%). However, for drugs not used in poultry, such as amoxicillin ϩ cluvalanate (AMX ϩ CLV), ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin, resistance rates of chicken isolates (range 0% -2.6%) were significantly lower than those of patient isolates (range 8.7% -30%). Resistance to spectinomycin reached 96% in E. coli chicken isolates and 71% in organisms isolated from humans. Use of this drug in Saudi Arabia is mostly limited to veterinary purposes. Multidrug resistance is alarmingly high in all groups but was highest in chicken isolates (77.4%). Serotyping of E. coli isolates showed that 27% of the organisms isolated from patients were overlapping with 10.9% of the chicken isolates, indicating the possibility of chicken being a source of the resistance pool for humans. We therefore call for the banning of antibiotics in the poultry industry as growth promoters and recommend that their use be restricted to treating infections.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9988265" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f381bca38bfb50bc8087fda9c29fab4c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47579361,"asset_id":9988265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47579361/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24295699" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohammadHanif14">Mohammad Hanif</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24295699" type="text/json">{"id":24295699,"first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Hanif","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohammadHanif14","display_name":"Mohammad Hanif","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohammadHanif14?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9988265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9988265"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9988265, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9988265", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9988265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9988265; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9988265"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9988265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9988265"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9988265; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9988265]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9988265").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9988265").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9988265"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8241" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine">Tropical Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8241" type="text/json">{"id":8241,"name":"Tropical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9569" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9569" type="text/json">{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_medicine_Health_Sciences_">Tropical medicine (Health Sciences)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30599" type="text/json">{"id":30599,"name":"Tropical medicine (Health Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_medicine_Health_Sciences_?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9988265]'), work: {"id":9988265,"title":"Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry workers, patients and chicken in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia","created_at":"2015-01-03T03:16:02.873-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9988265/Antibiotic_resistance_of_Escherichia_coli_isolated_from_poultry_workers_patients_and_chicken_in_the_eastern_province_of_Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_9988265","summary":"The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples from 117 poultry industry workers, 100 patients and119 healthy chicken were compared. Resistance of E. coli chicken isolates to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, spectinomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim ϩ sulphamethoxazole (TMP ϩ SMX) (range 57% -99.1%) were significantly higher than those isolated from patients (range 21.9% -71.4%) and workers (range 35% -71.8%). However, for drugs not used in poultry, such as amoxicillin ϩ cluvalanate (AMX ϩ CLV), ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin, resistance rates of chicken isolates (range 0% -2.6%) were significantly lower than those of patient isolates (range 8.7% -30%). Resistance to spectinomycin reached 96% in E. coli chicken isolates and 71% in organisms isolated from humans. Use of this drug in Saudi Arabia is mostly limited to veterinary purposes. Multidrug resistance is alarmingly high in all groups but was highest in chicken isolates (77.4%). Serotyping of E. coli isolates showed that 27% of the organisms isolated from patients were overlapping with 10.9% of the chicken isolates, indicating the possibility of chicken being a source of the resistance pool for humans. We therefore call for the banning of antibiotics in the poultry industry as growth promoters and recommend that their use be restricted to treating infections.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47579361,"asset_id":9988265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24295699,"first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Hanif","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohammadHanif14","display_name":"Mohammad Hanif","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohammadHanif14?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8241,"name":"Tropical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":30599,"name":"Tropical medicine (Health Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_medicine_Health_Sciences_?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":366620,"name":"POULTRY DISEASES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POULTRY_DISEASES?f_ri=35620"},{"id":402759,"name":"Chickens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens?f_ri=35620"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=35620"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=35620"},{"id":962276,"name":"Occupational Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Diseases?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1200766,"name":"Drug Utilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Utilization?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1684568,"name":"Escherichia Coli Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_Coli_Infections?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2032368,"name":"Serotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotyping?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11119075" data-work_id="11119075" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11119075/Analysis_of_Genetic_Lineages_and_Their_Correlation_with_Virulence_Genes_in_Enterococcus_faecalis_Clinical_Isolates_from_Root_Canal_and_Systemic_Infections">Analysis of Genetic Lineages and Their Correlation with Virulence Genes in Enterococcus faecalis Clinical Isolates from Root Canal and Systemic Infections</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a member of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota but has been considered a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. In the oral cavity, it is commonly detected from root canals of teeth... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11119075" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a member of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota but has been considered a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. In the oral cavity, it is commonly detected from root canals of teeth with failed endodontic treatment. However, little is known about the virulence and genetic relatedness among E. faecalis isolates from different clinical sources. This study compared the presence of enterococcal virulence factors among root canal strains and clinical isolates from hospitalized patients to identify virulent clusters of E. faecalis. Methods: Multilocus sequence typing analysis was used to determine genetic lineages of 40 E. faecalis clinical isolates from different sources. Virulence clusters were determined by evaluating capsule (cps) locus polymorphisms, pathogenicity island gene content, and antibiotic resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The clinical isolates from hospitalized patients formed a phylogenetically separate group and were mostly grouped in the clonal complex 2, which is a known virulent cluster of E. faecalis that has caused infection outbreaks globally. The clonal complex 2 group comprised capsule-producing strains harboring multiple antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity island genes. On the other hand, the endodontic isolates were more diverse and harbored few virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In particular, although more closely related to isolates from hospitalized patients, capsuleproducing E. faecalis strains from root canals did not carry more virulence/antibiotic genes than other endodontic isolates. Conclusions: E. faecalis isolates from endodontic infections have a genetic and virulence profile different from pathogenic clusters of hospitalized patients' isolates, which is most likely due to niche specialization conferred mainly by variable regions in the genome. (J Endod 2013;39:858-864)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11119075" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5d2aaefea23a9b06c1609c6077015fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46886022,"asset_id":11119075,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46886022/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26857335" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrendaGomes3">Brenda Gomes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26857335" type="text/json">{"id":26857335,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Gomes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrendaGomes3","display_name":"Brenda Gomes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrendaGomes3?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26857335/7504555/8429769/s65_brenda.gomes.jpg_oh_3dc0ca49c9f3fb075217ce997be8dbfc_oe_5551321c___gda___1435224977_cdea96b5361dcd498d91f26e3e14d875"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11119075 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11119075"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11119075, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11119075", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11119075 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11119075; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11119075"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11119075 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11119075"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11119075; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11119075]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11119075").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11119075").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11119075"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52873" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence">Virulence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52873" type="text/json">{"id":52873,"name":"Virulence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="372652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endodontics">Endodontics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="372652" type="text/json">{"id":372652,"name":"Endodontics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endodontics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="561012" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecalis">Enterococcus faecalis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="561012" type="text/json">{"id":561012,"name":"Enterococcus faecalis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecalis?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11119075]'), work: {"id":11119075,"title":"Analysis of Genetic Lineages and Their Correlation with Virulence Genes in Enterococcus faecalis Clinical Isolates from Root Canal and Systemic Infections","created_at":"2015-02-26T11:02:35.464-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11119075/Analysis_of_Genetic_Lineages_and_Their_Correlation_with_Virulence_Genes_in_Enterococcus_faecalis_Clinical_Isolates_from_Root_Canal_and_Systemic_Infections?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_11119075","summary":"Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a member of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota but has been considered a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. In the oral cavity, it is commonly detected from root canals of teeth with failed endodontic treatment. However, little is known about the virulence and genetic relatedness among E. faecalis isolates from different clinical sources. This study compared the presence of enterococcal virulence factors among root canal strains and clinical isolates from hospitalized patients to identify virulent clusters of E. faecalis. Methods: Multilocus sequence typing analysis was used to determine genetic lineages of 40 E. faecalis clinical isolates from different sources. Virulence clusters were determined by evaluating capsule (cps) locus polymorphisms, pathogenicity island gene content, and antibiotic resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The clinical isolates from hospitalized patients formed a phylogenetically separate group and were mostly grouped in the clonal complex 2, which is a known virulent cluster of E. faecalis that has caused infection outbreaks globally. The clonal complex 2 group comprised capsule-producing strains harboring multiple antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity island genes. On the other hand, the endodontic isolates were more diverse and harbored few virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In particular, although more closely related to isolates from hospitalized patients, capsuleproducing E. faecalis strains from root canals did not carry more virulence/antibiotic genes than other endodontic isolates. Conclusions: E. faecalis isolates from endodontic infections have a genetic and virulence profile different from pathogenic clusters of hospitalized patients' isolates, which is most likely due to niche specialization conferred mainly by variable regions in the genome. (J Endod 2013;39:858-864)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46886022,"asset_id":11119075,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26857335,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Gomes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrendaGomes3","display_name":"Brenda Gomes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrendaGomes3?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26857335/7504555/8429769/s65_brenda.gomes.jpg_oh_3dc0ca49c9f3fb075217ce997be8dbfc_oe_5551321c___gda___1435224977_cdea96b5361dcd498d91f26e3e14d875"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":52873,"name":"Virulence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":372652,"name":"Endodontics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endodontics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":561012,"name":"Enterococcus faecalis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecalis?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":561060,"name":"Dental Pulp Cavity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Pulp_Cavity?f_ri=35620"},{"id":923659,"name":"Virulence Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence_Factors?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1027732,"name":"Genotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotypes?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1206482,"name":"Cross-infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-infection?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1915537,"name":"Tooth Nonvital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth_Nonvital?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2220756,"name":"Multilocus sequence typing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilocus_sequence_typing?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2487642,"name":"Genomic Islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomic_Islands?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11801887" data-work_id="11801887" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11801887/Synthesis_Antimicrobial_and_docking_study_of_three_novel_2_4_5_trairylimidazole_derivativives">Synthesis ,Antimicrobial and docking study of three novel 2,4,5-trairylimidazole derivativives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A novel series of 2-[5-(4-substituted phenyl)furan-2-yl]-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives (2a-c) were synthesized and characterized using IR, 1 H NMR and GC-MS spectra. These compounds were in vitro screened against several bacterial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11801887" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A novel series of 2-[5-(4-substituted phenyl)furan-2-yl]-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives (2a-c) were synthesized and characterized using IR, 1 H NMR and GC-MS spectra. These compounds were in vitro screened against several bacterial species as well as Candida albicans, the common fungi species and found exhibiting moderate to potent activity. Docking of synthesized compounds against glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, the target enzyme for the antimicrobial agents, was achieved to explore and explain the interactions of the discovered hits within the amino acid residues of the enzyme binding pocket. The docking results enhanced the activity of new derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11801887" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fdc335b7fc3683dbd72cc489f29d5dcc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37215576,"asset_id":11801887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37215576/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29026056" href="https://uomustansiriyah.academia.edu/MohammedFarajAlMarjani">Mohammed Faraj Al Marjani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29026056" type="text/json">{"id":29026056,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Faraj Al Marjani","domain_name":"uomustansiriyah","page_name":"MohammedFarajAlMarjani","display_name":"Mohammed Faraj Al Marjani","profile_url":"https://uomustansiriyah.academia.edu/MohammedFarajAlMarjani?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29026056/8264772/9245219/s65_mohammed.faraj_al_marjani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11801887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11801887"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11801887, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11801887", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11801887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11801887; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11801887"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11801887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11801887"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11801887; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11801887]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11801887").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11801887").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11801887"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11801887]'), work: {"id":11801887,"title":"Synthesis ,Antimicrobial and docking study of three novel 2,4,5-trairylimidazole derivativives","created_at":"2015-04-05T11:15:39.653-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11801887/Synthesis_Antimicrobial_and_docking_study_of_three_novel_2_4_5_trairylimidazole_derivativives?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_11801887","summary":"A novel series of 2-[5-(4-substituted phenyl)furan-2-yl]-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives (2a-c) were synthesized and characterized using IR, 1 H NMR and GC-MS spectra. These compounds were in vitro screened against several bacterial species as well as Candida albicans, the common fungi species and found exhibiting moderate to potent activity. Docking of synthesized compounds against glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, the target enzyme for the antimicrobial agents, was achieved to explore and explain the interactions of the discovered hits within the amino acid residues of the enzyme binding pocket. The docking results enhanced the activity of new derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37215576,"asset_id":11801887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29026056,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Faraj Al Marjani","domain_name":"uomustansiriyah","page_name":"MohammedFarajAlMarjani","display_name":"Mohammed Faraj Al Marjani","profile_url":"https://uomustansiriyah.academia.edu/MohammedFarajAlMarjani?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29026056/8264772/9245219/s65_mohammed.faraj_al_marjani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80805317" data-work_id="80805317" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80805317/Evaluation_of_Anti_Quorum_Sensing_Activity_of_Edible_Plants_and_Fruits_through_Inhibition_of_the_N_Acyl_Homoserine_Lactone_System_in_Chromobacterium_violaceum_and_Pseudomonas_aeruginosa">Evaluation of Anti-Quorum-Sensing Activity of Edible Plants and Fruits through Inhibition of the N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone System in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">automated processes for reprogramming and expansion of hiPSC lines from large patient cohorts. This demand can be met by the StemCellFactory (<a href="http://www.stemcellfactory.de" rel="nofollow">www.stemcellfactory.de</a>), an automated platform that runs and controls all required cell culture... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80805317" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">automated processes for reprogramming and expansion of hiPSC lines from large patient cohorts. This demand can be met by the StemCellFactory (<a href="http://www.stemcellfactory.de" rel="nofollow">www.stemcellfactory.de</a>), an automated platform that runs and controls all required cell culture steps, ranging from adult human dermal fibroblast expansion via feeder-free, Sendai virus-based reprogramming to clonal selection and enzymefree expansion of the obtained hiPSC clones and lines. The platform requires a highly flexible control software with extensive data management, robust device communication and a metrology based process control. For this purpose, a control software was developed, which allows to run the platform completely automatically. The measurement of confluence in regular time intervals of every well in a microtiter plate is done by high speed microscopy that was developed for the StemCellFactory platform. To achieve a complete automated run of microtiter plates with patient specific cells, threshold based decision logics are implemented that compute and translate the acquired data during the process and adapts the workflow according to the measured results. The automated process was implemented on microtiter plates and scheduled. Eventually, extensive biological validation was performed to confirm that automatically expanded hiPSCs remain pluripotent upon automated long-term (10 passages) cultivation. In summary, our data show that analysis of in-process generated data largely facilitates automation of highly dynamic cell culture processes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80805317" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82d7ef7420ccf4f5d3548c6673bd5168" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87064544,"asset_id":80805317,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87064544/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="123357779" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VeeraRavi">Veera Ravi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="123357779" type="text/json">{"id":123357779,"first_name":"Veera","last_name":"Ravi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VeeraRavi","display_name":"Veera Ravi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VeeraRavi?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/123357779/31114561/28703892/s65_veera.ravi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80805317 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80805317"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80805317, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80805317", }); 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This demand can be met by the StemCellFactory (www.stemcellfactory.de), an automated platform that runs and controls all required cell culture steps, ranging from adult human dermal fibroblast expansion via feeder-free, Sendai virus-based reprogramming to clonal selection and enzymefree expansion of the obtained hiPSC clones and lines. The platform requires a highly flexible control software with extensive data management, robust device communication and a metrology based process control. For this purpose, a control software was developed, which allows to run the platform completely automatically. The measurement of confluence in regular time intervals of every well in a microtiter plate is done by high speed microscopy that was developed for the StemCellFactory platform. To achieve a complete automated run of microtiter plates with patient specific cells, threshold based decision logics are implemented that compute and translate the acquired data during the process and adapts the workflow according to the measured results. The automated process was implemented on microtiter plates and scheduled. Eventually, extensive biological validation was performed to confirm that automatically expanded hiPSCs remain pluripotent upon automated long-term (10 passages) cultivation. In summary, our data show that analysis of in-process generated data largely facilitates automation of highly dynamic cell culture processes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87064544,"asset_id":80805317,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":123357779,"first_name":"Veera","last_name":"Ravi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VeeraRavi","display_name":"Veera Ravi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VeeraRavi?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/123357779/31114561/28703892/s65_veera.ravi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":2187,"name":"Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":9114,"name":"Chemotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemotherapy?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":150955,"name":"Musa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musa?f_ri=35620"},{"id":160814,"name":"Fruit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit?f_ri=35620"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=35620"},{"id":479537,"name":"Bacterial growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_growth?f_ri=35620"},{"id":499385,"name":"Ananas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ananas?f_ri=35620"},{"id":703184,"name":"Ocimum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocimum?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1174953,"name":"Aqueous Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqueous_Extract?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1174994,"name":"Bacterial Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Infection?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1175829,"name":"Ananas Comosus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ananas_Comosus?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1466259,"name":"Chromobacterium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromobacterium?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2026170,"name":"Metalloproteases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metalloproteases?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2457600,"name":"Manilkara","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manilkara?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4255611" data-work_id="4255611" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4255611/Isolation_and_identification_of_Enterococcus_faecium_from_seafoods_Antimicrobial_resistance_and_production_of_bacteriocin_like_substances">Isolation and identification of Enterococcus faecium from seafoods: Antimicrobial resistance and production of bacteriocin-like substances</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the first report of isolation and identification of five strains of Enterococcus from honey stomach of the Giant honeybee Apis dorsata. Samples of honeybee were collected from Apis dorsata colonies in different bee trees and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4255611" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the first report of isolation and identification of five strains of Enterococcus from honey stomach of the Giant honeybee Apis dorsata. Samples of honeybee were collected from Apis dorsata colonies in different bee trees and Enterococcus isolated fiom honey stomach tising selective media. The forty-three isolates were Gram-stained and tested for Catatase reaction. The 16S rRNA genes from extracted DNA of bacterial colonies were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primers. All bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and the distant bacteria deposited in GenBank. The Enterococcus strains were identified as Enterococcus sp. named However, it appears that honey stomach of honeybee could be a source of new lactic acid bacteria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4255611" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cdc15626cfaed274c947cedf900fa87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49971667,"asset_id":4255611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49971667/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5155341" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioValenzuela1">Antonio Valenzuela</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5155341" type="text/json">{"id":5155341,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Valenzuela","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioValenzuela1","display_name":"Antonio Valenzuela","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioValenzuela1?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5155341/2265777/2648229/s65_antonio.valenzuela.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4255611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4255611"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4255611, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4255611", }); 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Samples of honeybee were collected from Apis dorsata colonies in different bee trees and Enterococcus isolated fiom honey stomach tising selective media. The forty-three isolates were Gram-stained and tested for Catatase reaction. The 16S rRNA genes from extracted DNA of bacterial colonies were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primers. All bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and the distant bacteria deposited in GenBank. The Enterococcus strains were identified as Enterococcus sp. named However, it appears that honey stomach of honeybee could be a source of new lactic acid bacteria.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49971667,"asset_id":4255611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5155341,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Valenzuela","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioValenzuela1","display_name":"Antonio Valenzuela","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioValenzuela1?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5155341/2265777/2648229/s65_antonio.valenzuela.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial 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aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus_aureus?f_ri=35620"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=35620"},{"id":172749,"name":"Antimicrobial resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":191520,"name":"multiplex PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/multiplex_PCR?f_ri=35620"},{"id":194187,"name":"Oral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral?f_ri=35620"},{"id":314868,"name":"Seafood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seafood?f_ri=35620"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=35620"},{"id":468214,"name":"Root Canal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_Canal?f_ri=35620"},{"id":537769,"name":"Enterococcus faecium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecium?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561012,"name":"Enterococcus 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Lee","profile_url":"https://mmu.academia.edu/DrAmandaLeewassherratt?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3005538/991498/71011723/s65_dr_amanda.lee_was_sherratt_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":25645,"name":"Antimicrobials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobials?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":73087,"name":"Prescribing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prescribing?f_ri=35620"},{"id":276242,"name":"Non Medical Prescribing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Medical_Prescribing?f_ri=35620"},{"id":509784,"name":"Antibiotic Prescribing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Prescribing?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32543185 coauthored" data-work_id="32543185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32543185/ESPECIFICACIONES_DE_ERITROMICINA_TIOCIANATO">ESPECIFICACIONES DE ERITROMICINA TIOCIANATO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Erythromycin was the first macroscopic finding, in 1952, by J.M. McGuire et al. The compound was found in the metabolic products of a strain of Streptomyces erytherus, originally obtained from a soil sample harvested in the Philippine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32543185" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Erythromycin was the first macroscopic finding, in 1952, by J.M. McGuire et al. The compound was found in the metabolic products of a strain of Streptomyces erytherus, originally obtained from a soil sample harvested in the Philippine archipelago.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32543185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c30f7af1a7d5ac97fd8d11818239e64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52724478,"asset_id":32543185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52724478/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63263176" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RocioTellez2">Rocio Tellez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63263176" type="text/json">{"id":63263176,"first_name":"Rocio","last_name":"Tellez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RocioTellez2","display_name":"Rocio Tellez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RocioTellez2?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32543185">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32543185"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsraelAlvarez26">Israel Alvarez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32543185'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32543185').html(); 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McGuire et al. The compound was found in the metabolic products of a strain of Streptomyces erytherus, originally obtained from a soil sample harvested in the Philippine archipelago.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52724478,"asset_id":32543185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63263176,"first_name":"Rocio","last_name":"Tellez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RocioTellez2","display_name":"Rocio Tellez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RocioTellez2?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":63287346,"first_name":"Israel","last_name":"Alvarez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsraelAlvarez26","display_name":"Israel Alvarez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsraelAlvarez26?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":1202221,"name":"Reversal of Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reversal_of_Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68797266" data-work_id="68797266" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68797266/Selection_and_evaluation_of_seafood_borne_psychrotrophic_lactic_acid_bacteria_as_inhibitors_of_pathogenic_and_spoilage_bacteria">Selection and evaluation of seafood-borne psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria as inhibitors of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, inhibitory psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria were isolated and investigated for future use in biopreservation of seafood products. Screening of 5575 colonies isolated from various seafood products resulted in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68797266" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, inhibitory psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria were isolated and investigated for future use in biopreservation of seafood products. Screening of 5575 colonies isolated from various seafood products resulted in the selection of 132 colonies presenting inhibitory properties. Among them, 52 isolates had characteristics of LAB and showed growth at 15 °C but not at 30 °C. The inhibition spectrum of these 52 isolates against 14 target strains (Gram-positive and-negative) showed inhibition of typical seafood spoiling and pathogenic bacteria and enabled the formation of seven interesting clusters. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of a representative isolate from each cluster identified three Leuconostoc gelidum, two Lactococcus piscium, one Lactobacillus fuchuensis and one Carnobacterium alterfunditum. Theses strains did not produce histamine nor tyramine, and showed no particular antibiotic resistance profile. Growth rate as a function of temperature was tested for one L. piscium and one L. gelidum isolate and confirmed their psychrotrophic behavior. One out of seven isolates showed bacteriocin-like activity. The inhibition mechanisms of the other isolates are still unknown but may be due to competition for substrate. Absence of a bacteriocin-like component could be a positive point to gain rapid authorization for food application in France. This collection of LAB is now ready for testing on products.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68797266" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="255bab5109207dc99dcef5552969e1c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79144850,"asset_id":68797266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79144850/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39167673" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HPr%C3%A9vost">H. 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Screening of 5575 colonies isolated from various seafood products resulted in the selection of 132 colonies presenting inhibitory properties. Among them, 52 isolates had characteristics of LAB and showed growth at 15 °C but not at 30 °C. The inhibition spectrum of these 52 isolates against 14 target strains (Gram-positive and-negative) showed inhibition of typical seafood spoiling and pathogenic bacteria and enabled the formation of seven interesting clusters. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of a representative isolate from each cluster identified three Leuconostoc gelidum, two Lactococcus piscium, one Lactobacillus fuchuensis and one Carnobacterium alterfunditum. Theses strains did not produce histamine nor tyramine, and showed no particular antibiotic resistance profile. Growth rate as a function of temperature was tested for one L. piscium and one L. gelidum isolate and confirmed their psychrotrophic behavior. One out of seven isolates showed bacteriocin-like activity. The inhibition mechanisms of the other isolates are still unknown but may be due to competition for substrate. Absence of a bacteriocin-like component could be a positive point to gain rapid authorization for food application in France. This collection of LAB is now ready for testing on products.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79144850,"asset_id":68797266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39167673,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Prévost","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HPrévost","display_name":"H. 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Preservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Preservation?f_ri=35620"},{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":83825,"name":"Gram Positive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram_Positive?f_ri=35620"},{"id":104178,"name":"Listeria monocytogenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Listeria_monocytogenes?f_ri=35620"},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":533274,"name":"Growth rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_rate?f_ri=35620"},{"id":570860,"name":"Food Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Contamination?f_ri=35620"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1550290,"name":"Pathogenic Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathogenic_Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1682905,"name":"Leuconostoc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leuconostoc?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2556076,"name":"Antibiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiosis?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49270353" data-work_id="49270353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49270353/Detection_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_and_Their_Resistance_Genes_In_Wastewater_Surface_Water_and_Drinking_Water_Biofilms">Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes In Wastewater, Surface Water, and Drinking Water Biofilms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49270353" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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Biofilms","created_at":"2021-06-17T02:40:49.971-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49270353/Detection_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_and_Their_Resistance_Genes_In_Wastewater_Surface_Water_and_Drinking_Water_Biofilms?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_49270353","summary":"In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67654259,"asset_id":49270353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":171157666,"first_name":"Sharmin","last_name":"akter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Sharminakter215","display_name":"Sharmin akter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Sharminakter215?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/171157666/87333103/76011877/s65_sharmin.akter.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":65757,"name":"Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater?f_ri=35620"},{"id":65788,"name":"Biofilm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilm?f_ri=35620"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=35620"},{"id":124470,"name":"Bank","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bank?f_ri=35620"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=35620"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=35620"},{"id":316015,"name":"Gen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gen?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1706341,"name":"Gene Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Transfer?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2563914,"name":"Heterotrophic Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterotrophic_Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2773878,"name":"Municipal Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Municipal_Wastewater?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2843474,"name":"Biotope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotope?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3512978,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance_Genes_ARG_?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3872069,"name":"Distributed Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Networks?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49142945" data-work_id="49142945" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49142945/Detection_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_and_Their_Resistance_Genes_In_Wastewater_Surface_Water_and_Drinking_Water_Biofilms">Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes In Wastewater, Surface Water, and Drinking Water Biofilms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49142945" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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data-card-contents-for-ri="2513" type="text/json">{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49142945]'), work: {"id":49142945,"title":"Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes In Wastewater, Surface Water, and Drinking Water Biofilms","created_at":"2021-06-06T06:26:36.281-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49142945/Detection_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_and_Their_Resistance_Genes_In_Wastewater_Surface_Water_and_Drinking_Water_Biofilms?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_49142945","summary":"In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67533179,"asset_id":49142945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":123204225,"first_name":"Sharmin","last_name":"Akter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SharminAkter146","display_name":"Sharmin Akter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SharminAkter146?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/123204225/39336832/32589438/s65_sharmin.akter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":65757,"name":"Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater?f_ri=35620"},{"id":65788,"name":"Biofilm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilm?f_ri=35620"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=35620"},{"id":124470,"name":"Bank","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bank?f_ri=35620"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=35620"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=35620"},{"id":316015,"name":"Gen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gen?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1706341,"name":"Gene Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Transfer?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2563914,"name":"Heterotrophic Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterotrophic_Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2773878,"name":"Municipal Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Municipal_Wastewater?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2843474,"name":"Biotope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotope?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3512978,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance_Genes_ARG_?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3872069,"name":"Distributed Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Networks?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48312553" data-work_id="48312553" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48312553/Detection_of_antibiotic_resistant_bacteria_inhabiting_the_sand_of_non_recreational_marine_beach">Detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria inhabiting the sand of non-recreational marine beach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study examined the antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria, which were isolated from the sand of the beach located in the National Park of the southern Baltic Sea coast. The bacteria demonstrated low levels of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48312553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study examined the antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria, which were isolated from the sand of the beach located in the National Park of the southern Baltic Sea coast. The bacteria demonstrated low levels of antibiotic resistance. These microorganisms were the most resistant to cefaclor and clindamycin and the most sensitive to clarithromycin, doxycycline, gentamycin and oxytetracycline. The majority of bacteria inhabiting the sand of the studied beach were resistant to only one antibiotic out of 18 tested antibiotics in this study. The bacteria inhabiting the middle part of the beach and the dune were more antibiotic resistant than bacteria isolated from the seawater and the shoreline-seawater contact zone. Generally, there was no significant difference in antibiotic resistance between bacteria isolated from the surface and the subsurface sand layers. The bacterial antibiotic resistance level depends on the chemical structure of antibiotics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48312553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a5e75eb38c47539ea3be27474677ce1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66991727,"asset_id":48312553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66991727/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="133364573" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZMudryk">Zbigniew Mudryk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="133364573" type="text/json">{"id":133364573,"first_name":"Zbigniew","last_name":"Mudryk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZMudryk","display_name":"Zbigniew Mudryk","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZMudryk?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/133364573/36593307/31279006/s65_zbigniew.mudryk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48312553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48312553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48312553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48312553", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48312553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48312553; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48312553"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48312553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48312553"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48312553; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48312553]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48312553").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48312553").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48312553"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48312553]'), work: {"id":48312553,"title":"Detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria inhabiting the sand of non-recreational marine beach","created_at":"2021-05-04T13:18:18.561-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48312553/Detection_of_antibiotic_resistant_bacteria_inhabiting_the_sand_of_non_recreational_marine_beach?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_48312553","summary":"The present study examined the antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria, which were isolated from the sand of the beach located in the National Park of the southern Baltic Sea coast. The bacteria demonstrated low levels of antibiotic resistance. These microorganisms were the most resistant to cefaclor and clindamycin and the most sensitive to clarithromycin, doxycycline, gentamycin and oxytetracycline. The majority of bacteria inhabiting the sand of the studied beach were resistant to only one antibiotic out of 18 tested antibiotics in this study. The bacteria inhabiting the middle part of the beach and the dune were more antibiotic resistant than bacteria isolated from the seawater and the shoreline-seawater contact zone. Generally, there was no significant difference in antibiotic resistance between bacteria isolated from the surface and the subsurface sand layers. The bacterial antibiotic resistance level depends on the chemical structure of antibiotics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66991727,"asset_id":48312553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":133364573,"first_name":"Zbigniew","last_name":"Mudryk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZMudryk","display_name":"Zbigniew Mudryk","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZMudryk?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/133364573/36593307/31279006/s65_zbigniew.mudryk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":224515,"name":"ARENA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ARENA?f_ri=35620"},{"id":284869,"name":"National Park","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Park?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":340096,"name":"Contact Zone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Zone?f_ri=35620"},{"id":350162,"name":"SAND","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SAND?f_ri=35620"},{"id":503268,"name":"Heterotrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterotrophy?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1031069,"name":"Silicon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silicon_Dioxide?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1431633,"name":"Chemical Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Structure?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1751767,"name":"Recreational Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recreational_Activity?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1833948,"name":"Playa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Playa?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2563914,"name":"Heterotrophic Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterotrophic_Bacteria?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38552803" data-work_id="38552803" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38552803/Use_of_chlorhexidine_side_effects_and_antibiotic_resistance_pdf">Use of chlorhexidine, side effects and antibiotic resistance.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several scientific works increasingly focus on the bacterial resistance caused by the prolonged use of antiseptics and antibiotics. Chlorhexidine is the most commonly used molecule in dentistry. There are many works that prove the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38552803" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several scientific works increasingly focus on the bacterial resistance caused by the prolonged use of antiseptics and antibiotics. Chlorhexidine is the most commonly used molecule in dentistry. There are many works that prove the effectiveness of Chlorhexidine, but its use is connected with collateral events. Massive use of Chlorhexidine would induce antibiotic resistance, for example for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Urticaria, severe rash, hissing breath, difficult breathing, cold sweats, light head feeling; swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat are described during use of chlorhexidine. This medication can cause severe irritation or chemical burns in young children. Based on these considerations, the disadvantage risk of using these products should be carefully re-evaluated. The health of the oral cavity will be increasing re-evaluated and closely linked to human health.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38552803" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f40baf1ad1305f3340a16b0b1b00cb35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58624516,"asset_id":38552803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58624516/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="105058942" href="https://geo-social.academia.edu/MariaGiuliaNosotti">Maria Giulia Nosotti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="105058942" type="text/json">{"id":105058942,"first_name":"Maria Giulia","last_name":"Nosotti","domain_name":"geo-social","page_name":"MariaGiuliaNosotti","display_name":"Maria Giulia Nosotti","profile_url":"https://geo-social.academia.edu/MariaGiuliaNosotti?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/105058942/23843096/22861723/s65_maria_giulia.nosotti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38552803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38552803"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38552803, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38552803", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38552803]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38552803").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38552803").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38552803"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57935" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effects">Side Effects</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57935" type="text/json">{"id":57935,"name":"Side Effects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effects?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="550227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorhexidine">Chlorhexidine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="550227" type="text/json">{"id":550227,"name":"Chlorhexidine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorhexidine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38552803]'), work: {"id":38552803,"title":"Use of chlorhexidine, side effects and antibiotic resistance.pdf","created_at":"2019-03-14T14:07:26.623-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38552803/Use_of_chlorhexidine_side_effects_and_antibiotic_resistance_pdf?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_38552803","summary":"Several scientific works increasingly focus on the bacterial resistance caused by the prolonged use of antiseptics and antibiotics. Chlorhexidine is the most commonly used molecule in dentistry. There are many works that prove the effectiveness of Chlorhexidine, but its use is connected with collateral events. Massive use of Chlorhexidine would induce antibiotic resistance, for example for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Urticaria, severe rash, hissing breath, difficult breathing, cold sweats, light head feeling; swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat are described during use of chlorhexidine. This medication can cause severe irritation or chemical burns in young children. Based on these considerations, the disadvantage risk of using these products should be carefully re-evaluated. The health of the oral cavity will be increasing re-evaluated and closely linked to human health.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58624516,"asset_id":38552803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":105058942,"first_name":"Maria Giulia","last_name":"Nosotti","domain_name":"geo-social","page_name":"MariaGiuliaNosotti","display_name":"Maria Giulia Nosotti","profile_url":"https://geo-social.academia.edu/MariaGiuliaNosotti?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/105058942/23843096/22861723/s65_maria_giulia.nosotti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":57935,"name":"Side Effects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effects?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":550227,"name":"Chlorhexidine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorhexidine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38203473" data-work_id="38203473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38203473/Dental_practitioners_knowledge_and_practices_regarding_antibiotic_prescription_and_development_of_resistance_A_cross_sectional_study">Dental practitioner's knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic prescription and development of resistance: A cross-sectional study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A cross sectional study describing knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners in Bangalore city regarding antibiotic resistance and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in clinical practice</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38203473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ea3e74f3c77a34a66641d9878917387" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58241938,"asset_id":38203473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58241938/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47551309" href="https://gdcmumbai.academia.edu/SreekanthBose">Sreekanth Bose</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47551309" type="text/json">{"id":47551309,"first_name":"Sreekanth","last_name":"Bose","domain_name":"gdcmumbai","page_name":"SreekanthBose","display_name":"Sreekanth Bose","profile_url":"https://gdcmumbai.academia.edu/SreekanthBose?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47551309/21983130/21236063/s65_sreekanth.bose.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38203473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38203473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38203473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38203473", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38203473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38203473; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38203473"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38203473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38203473"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38203473; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38203473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38203473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38203473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38203473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38203473]'), work: {"id":38203473,"title":"Dental practitioner's knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic prescription and development of resistance: A cross-sectional study","created_at":"2019-01-23T01:31:23.106-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38203473/Dental_practitioners_knowledge_and_practices_regarding_antibiotic_prescription_and_development_of_resistance_A_cross_sectional_study?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_38203473","summary":"A cross sectional study describing knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners in Bangalore city regarding antibiotic resistance and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in clinical practice","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58241938,"asset_id":38203473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47551309,"first_name":"Sreekanth","last_name":"Bose","domain_name":"gdcmumbai","page_name":"SreekanthBose","display_name":"Sreekanth Bose","profile_url":"https://gdcmumbai.academia.edu/SreekanthBose?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47551309/21983130/21236063/s65_sreekanth.bose.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35117793 coauthored" data-work_id="35117793" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35117793/Restricting_the_use_of_antibiotics_in_food_producing_animals_and_its_associations_with_antibiotic_resistance_in_food_producing_animals_and_human_beings_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis">Restricting the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and its associations with antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals and human beings: a systematic review and meta-analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background - Antibiotic use in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture has been linked to the rise of antibiotic resistance globally. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the effect that interventions to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35117793" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background - Antibiotic use in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture has been linked to the rise of antibiotic resistance globally. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the effect that interventions to reduce antibiotic use in food-producing animals have on the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals and in humans.<br />Methods - On July 14, 2016, we searched electronic databases (Agricola, AGRIS, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, Embase, Global Index Medicus, ProQuest Dissertations, Science Citation Index) and the grey literature. The search was updated on Jan 27, 2017. Inclusion criteria were original studies that reported on interventions to reduce antibiotic use in food-producing animals and compared presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria between intervention and comparator groups in animals or in human beings. We extracted data from included studies and did meta-analyses using random effects models. The main outcome assessed was the risk difference in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.<br />Findings - A total of 181 studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, 179 (99%) described antibiotic resistance outcomes in animals, and 81 (45%) of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. 21 studies described antibiotic resistance outcomes in humans, and 13 (62%) of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled absolute risk reduction of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in animals with interventions that restricted antibiotic use commonly ranged between 10 and 15% (total range 0–39), depending on the antibiotic class, sample type, and bacteria under assessment. Similarly, in the human studies, the pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance reported was 24% lower in the intervention groups compared with control groups, with a stronger association seen for humans with direct contact with food-producing animals.<br />Interpretation - Interventions that restrict antibiotic use in food-producing animals are associated with a reduction in the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in these animals. A smaller body of evidence suggests a similar association in the studied human populations, particularly those with direct exposure to food-producing animals. The implications for the general human population are less clear, given the low number of studies. The overall findings have directly informed the development of WHO guidelines on the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35117793" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbf1c3213daf2fe62b54662cb13ab46f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54978792,"asset_id":35117793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54978792/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71251003" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarenLTang">Karen L Tang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71251003" type="text/json">{"id":71251003,"first_name":"Karen L","last_name":"Tang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarenLTang","display_name":"Karen L Tang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarenLTang?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35117793">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35117793"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NiamhPCaffrey">Niamh P Caffrey</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uoguelph.academia.edu/DiegoBorinNobrega">Diego B Nobrega</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/HermanBarkema">Herman W Barkema</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliciaJPolachek">Alicia J Polachek</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35117793'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35117793').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35117793 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35117793"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35117793; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35117793]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35117793").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35117793").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35117793"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review">Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6482" type="text/json">{"id":6482,"name":"Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6810" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy">Public Health Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6810" type="text/json">{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19080" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoonoses">Zoonoses</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19080" type="text/json">{"id":19080,"name":"Zoonoses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoonoses?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35117793]'), work: {"id":35117793,"title":"Restricting the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and its associations with antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals and human beings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","created_at":"2017-11-11T08:43:05.529-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35117793/Restricting_the_use_of_antibiotics_in_food_producing_animals_and_its_associations_with_antibiotic_resistance_in_food_producing_animals_and_human_beings_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_35117793","summary":"Background - Antibiotic use in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture has been linked to the rise of antibiotic resistance globally. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the effect that interventions to reduce antibiotic use in food-producing animals have on the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals and in humans.\nMethods - On July 14, 2016, we searched electronic databases (Agricola, AGRIS, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, Embase, Global Index Medicus, ProQuest Dissertations, Science Citation Index) and the grey literature. The search was updated on Jan 27, 2017. Inclusion criteria were original studies that reported on interventions to reduce antibiotic use in food-producing animals and compared presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria between intervention and comparator groups in animals or in human beings. We extracted data from included studies and did meta-analyses using random effects models. The main outcome assessed was the risk difference in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.\nFindings - A total of 181 studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, 179 (99%) described antibiotic resistance outcomes in animals, and 81 (45%) of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. 21 studies described antibiotic resistance outcomes in humans, and 13 (62%) of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled absolute risk reduction of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in animals with interventions that restricted antibiotic use commonly ranged between 10 and 15% (total range 0–39), depending on the antibiotic class, sample type, and bacteria under assessment. Similarly, in the human studies, the pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance reported was 24% lower in the intervention groups compared with control groups, with a stronger association seen for humans with direct contact with food-producing animals.\nInterpretation - Interventions that restrict antibiotic use in food-producing animals are associated with a reduction in the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in these animals. A smaller body of evidence suggests a similar association in the studied human populations, particularly those with direct exposure to food-producing animals. The implications for the general human population are less clear, given the low number of studies. The overall findings have directly informed the development of WHO guidelines on the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54978792,"asset_id":35117793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71251003,"first_name":"Karen L","last_name":"Tang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarenLTang","display_name":"Karen L Tang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarenLTang?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":71514982,"first_name":"Niamh P","last_name":"Caffrey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NiamhPCaffrey","display_name":"Niamh P Caffrey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NiamhPCaffrey?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":71245910,"first_name":"Diego","last_name":"Nobrega","domain_name":"uoguelph","page_name":"DiegoBorinNobrega","display_name":"Diego B Nobrega","profile_url":"https://uoguelph.academia.edu/DiegoBorinNobrega?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71245910/48634769/36861161/s65_diego_borin.nobrega.jpg"},{"id":32701854,"first_name":"Herman","last_name":"Barkema","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"HermanBarkema","display_name":"Herman W Barkema","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/HermanBarkema?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32701854/9772617/10887555/s65_herman.barkema.png"},{"id":71203790,"first_name":"Alicia J","last_name":"Polachek","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliciaJPolachek","display_name":"Alicia J Polachek","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliciaJPolachek?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71203790/166926872/156856127/s65_alicia_j.polachek.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6482,"name":"Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":19080,"name":"Zoonoses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoonoses?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":25645,"name":"Antimicrobials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobials?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":43668,"name":"Antimicrobial drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":60740,"name":"Zoonosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoonosis?f_ri=35620"},{"id":70099,"name":"Livestock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock?f_ri=35620"},{"id":172749,"name":"Antimicrobial resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":220036,"name":"Antimicrobial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial?f_ri=35620"},{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review?f_ri=35620"},{"id":223957,"name":"Livestock Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock_Management?f_ri=35620"},{"id":251655,"name":"Antibiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotics?f_ri=35620"},{"id":273508,"name":"Environmental Microbiology - antibiotic resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_-_antibiotic_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":523537,"name":"Clinical microbiology, infection control antibiotics usage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_microbiology_infection_control_antibiotics_usage?f_ri=35620"},{"id":592928,"name":"Antibiotic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic?f_ri=35620"},{"id":940938,"name":"Causes of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causes_of_Antimicrobial_Drug_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1013372,"name":"Antibiotic Usage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Usage?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1202221,"name":"Reversal of Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reversal_of_Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1271353,"name":"Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistancee","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence_of_Antibiotic_Resistancee?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1479272,"name":"Antibiotic Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Use?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2476931,"name":"Antimicrobial resistance profile from food animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_resistance_profile_from_food_animals?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2511687,"name":"Antimicrobial use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_use?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3169386" data-work_id="3169386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3169386/Therapeutic_potential_of_bacteriophage_in_treating_Klebsiella_pneumoniae_B5055_mediated_lobar_pneumonia_in_mice">Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-mediated lobar pneumonia in mice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3169386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="599db1910a6e54c468d39276aa7aec10" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50427693,"asset_id":3169386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50427693/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3619778" href="https://uitmperak.academia.edu/SeemaKumari">Seema Kumari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3619778" type="text/json">{"id":3619778,"first_name":"Seema","last_name":"Kumari","domain_name":"uitmperak","page_name":"SeemaKumari","display_name":"Seema Kumari","profile_url":"https://uitmperak.academia.edu/SeemaKumari?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3619778/1267212/1578956/s65_seema.kumari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3169386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3169386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3169386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3169386", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3169386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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});</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3169386").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3169386"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8090" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriophages">Bacteriophages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8090" type="text/json">{"id":8090,"name":"Bacteriophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriophages?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3169386]'), work: {"id":3169386,"title":"Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-mediated lobar pneumonia in mice","created_at":"2013-03-31T00:11:04.521-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3169386/Therapeutic_potential_of_bacteriophage_in_treating_Klebsiella_pneumoniae_B5055_mediated_lobar_pneumonia_in_mice?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_3169386","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50427693,"asset_id":3169386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3619778,"first_name":"Seema","last_name":"Kumari","domain_name":"uitmperak","page_name":"SeemaKumari","display_name":"Seema Kumari","profile_url":"https://uitmperak.academia.edu/SeemaKumari?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3619778/1267212/1578956/s65_seema.kumari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":8090,"name":"Bacteriophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriophages?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=35620"},{"id":94123,"name":"Multidrug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=35620"},{"id":197297,"name":"Lung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2036633,"name":"Medical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2037348,"name":"Experimental Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Model?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2037499,"name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Klebsiella_pneumoniae?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7562962" data-work_id="7562962" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7562962/Public_Health_Consequences_of_Macrolide_Use_in_Food_Animals_A_Deterministic_Risk_Assessment">Public Health Consequences of Macrolide Use in Food Animals: A Deterministic Risk Assessment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The potential impact on human health from antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected by use of antibiotics in food animals has resulted in many reports and recommended actions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7562962" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The potential impact on human health from antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected by use of antibiotics in food animals has resulted in many reports and recommended actions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine has issued Guidance Document 152, which advises veterinary drug sponsors of one potential process for conducting a qualitative risk assessment of drug use in food animals. Using this guideline, we developed a deterministic model to assess the risk from two macrolide antibiotics, tylosin and tilmicosin. The scope of modeling included all label claim uses of both macrolides in poultry, swine, and beef cattle. The Guidance Document was followed to de ne the hazard, which is illness (i) caused by foodborne bacteria with a resistance determinant, (ii) attributed to a speci ed animal-derived meat commodity, and (iii) treated with a human use drug of the same class. Risk was de ned as the probability of this hazard combined with the consequence of treatment failure due to resistant Campylobacter spp. or Enterococcus faecium. A binomial event model was applied to estimate the annual risk for the U.S. general population. Parameters were derived from industry drug use surveys, scienti c literature, medical guidelines, and government documents. This unique farm-to-patient risk assessment demonstrated that use of tylosin and tilmicosin in food animals presents a very low risk of human treatment failure, with an approximate annual probability of less than 1 in 10 million Campylobacter-derived and approximately 1 in 3 billion E. faecium-derived risk.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7562962" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69a51d7f4503ed739b92e5dfd04fb35c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34122773,"asset_id":7562962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34122773/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13597470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanMathew2">Alan Mathew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13597470" type="text/json">{"id":13597470,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Mathew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlanMathew2","display_name":"Alan Mathew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlanMathew2?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7562962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7562962"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7562962, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7562962", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7562962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7562962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7562962"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7562962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7562962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7562962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7562962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7562962").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7562962").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7562962"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine">Veterinary Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="657" type="text/json">{"id":657,"name":"Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7562962]'), work: {"id":7562962,"title":"Public Health Consequences of Macrolide Use in Food Animals: A Deterministic Risk Assessment","created_at":"2014-07-05T00:59:34.860-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7562962/Public_Health_Consequences_of_Macrolide_Use_in_Food_Animals_A_Deterministic_Risk_Assessment?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_7562962","summary":"The potential impact on human health from antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected by use of antibiotics in food animals has resulted in many reports and recommended actions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine has issued Guidance Document 152, which advises veterinary drug sponsors of one potential process for conducting a qualitative risk assessment of drug use in food animals. Using this guideline, we developed a deterministic model to assess the risk from two macrolide antibiotics, tylosin and tilmicosin. The scope of modeling included all label claim uses of both macrolides in poultry, swine, and beef cattle. The Guidance Document was followed to de ne the hazard, which is illness (i) caused by foodborne bacteria with a resistance determinant, (ii) attributed to a speci ed animal-derived meat commodity, and (iii) treated with a human use drug of the same class. Risk was de ned as the probability of this hazard combined with the consequence of treatment failure due to resistant Campylobacter spp. or Enterococcus faecium. A binomial event model was applied to estimate the annual risk for the U.S. general population. Parameters were derived from industry drug use surveys, scienti c literature, medical guidelines, and government documents. This unique farm-to-patient risk assessment demonstrated that use of tylosin and tilmicosin in food animals presents a very low risk of human treatment failure, with an approximate annual probability of less than 1 in 10 million Campylobacter-derived and approximately 1 in 3 billion E. faecium-derived risk.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34122773,"asset_id":7562962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13597470,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Mathew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlanMathew2","display_name":"Alan Mathew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlanMathew2?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":657,"name":"Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=35620"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=35620"},{"id":107106,"name":"Meat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meat?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":262783,"name":"Beef Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beef_Cattle?f_ri=35620"},{"id":268788,"name":"Human health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_health?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=35620"},{"id":587528,"name":"Bacterial infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_infections?f_ri=35620"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=35620"},{"id":831691,"name":"Animal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Diseases?f_ri=35620"},{"id":860345,"name":"Low Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Risk?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1119466,"name":"Food and Drug Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Drug_Administration?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1423006,"name":"General Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Population?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2027577,"name":"Macrolides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrolides?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2474760,"name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27954108" data-work_id="27954108" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27954108/PERSON_CENTREDNESS_AND_SHARED_DECISION_MAKING_IN_FORENSIC_CARE_SOCIAL_SERVICES_AND_PUBLIC_HEALTH">PERSON CENTREDNESS AND SHARED DECISION-MAKING IN FORENSIC CARE, SOCIAL SERVICES AND PUBLIC HEALTH</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Shared decision-making and person centred care (PCC/SDM) are increasingly embraced framework conceptions on how to organise health care's interaction with patients. Although underlying ethical motivation may vary, PCC/SDM holds ideals of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27954108" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Shared decision-making and person centred care (PCC/SDM) are increasingly embraced framework conceptions on how to organise health care's interaction with patients. Although underlying ethical motivation may vary, PCC/SDM holds ideals of a greater adaption of health care to individual circumstances, and of recognising patients as collaborators in clinical decision-making. The PCC/SDM notion has migrated quickly across many areas where it is less clear how it applies, due to patients being in non-standard conditions with regard to personal capacities or care context, and detected to offer a number of peculiar ethical and practical challenges. But the migration has also reached areas with even less similarity to the original PCC/SDM landscape of somatic hospital care. In this presentation, we describe – based on comissioned and work in a Swedish context and ongoing research studies – three examples of this expansion and survey these for extra ethical complications: forensic care, social services and public health (outside of health care institutions). Each area offers peculiar extra ethical challenges for PCC/SDM, as they depart extensively from standard assumptions by, in various ways, embracing goals not built on the standard individualist assumptions of health care ethics. It is possible to implement adapted forms of PCC/SDM to these areas, but these cannot be assumed to serve ideals of emancipating, empowering or recognising individuals as persons. Rather, they have to be viewed though a lens of public goods aimed for in the respective areas. Clients and patients are entitled to be made aware of this fact, but regardless of this, the mentioned perspective-shift will pose particular challenges for health professionals. At the same time, PCC/SDM strategies may also open up for approaches to resolving these tensions and meet typical challenges that would otherwise have remained out of reach.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27954108" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b7bafcfff7c370d9ab3506c8678c0d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48253269,"asset_id":27954108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48253269/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38063" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/ChristianMunthe">Christian Munthe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38063" type="text/json">{"id":38063,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Munthe","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"ChristianMunthe","display_name":"Christian Munthe","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/ChristianMunthe?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38063/12667/15035026/s65_christian.munthe.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27954108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27954108"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27954108, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27954108", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27954108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27954108; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27954108"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27954108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27954108"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27954108; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27954108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27954108").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27954108").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27954108"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="259" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Psychology">Forensic Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="259" type="text/json">{"id":259,"name":"Forensic Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Psychology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="940" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work">Social Work</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="940" type="text/json">{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27954108]'), work: {"id":27954108,"title":"PERSON CENTREDNESS AND SHARED DECISION-MAKING IN FORENSIC CARE, SOCIAL SERVICES AND PUBLIC HEALTH","created_at":"2016-08-23T03:54:17.586-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27954108/PERSON_CENTREDNESS_AND_SHARED_DECISION_MAKING_IN_FORENSIC_CARE_SOCIAL_SERVICES_AND_PUBLIC_HEALTH?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_27954108","summary":"Shared decision-making and person centred care (PCC/SDM) are increasingly embraced framework conceptions on how to organise health care's interaction with patients. Although underlying ethical motivation may vary, PCC/SDM holds ideals of a greater adaption of health care to individual circumstances, and of recognising patients as collaborators in clinical decision-making. The PCC/SDM notion has migrated quickly across many areas where it is less clear how it applies, due to patients being in non-standard conditions with regard to personal capacities or care context, and detected to offer a number of peculiar ethical and practical challenges. But the migration has also reached areas with even less similarity to the original PCC/SDM landscape of somatic hospital care. In this presentation, we describe – based on comissioned and work in a Swedish context and ongoing research studies – three examples of this expansion and survey these for extra ethical complications: forensic care, social services and public health (outside of health care institutions). Each area offers peculiar extra ethical challenges for PCC/SDM, as they depart extensively from standard assumptions by, in various ways, embracing goals not built on the standard individualist assumptions of health care ethics. It is possible to implement adapted forms of PCC/SDM to these areas, but these cannot be assumed to serve ideals of emancipating, empowering or recognising individuals as persons. Rather, they have to be viewed though a lens of public goods aimed for in the respective areas. Clients and patients are entitled to be made aware of this fact, but regardless of this, the mentioned perspective-shift will pose particular challenges for health professionals. At the same time, PCC/SDM strategies may also open up for approaches to resolving these tensions and meet typical challenges that would otherwise have remained out of reach.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48253269,"asset_id":27954108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38063,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Munthe","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"ChristianMunthe","display_name":"Christian Munthe","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/ChristianMunthe?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38063/12667/15035026/s65_christian.munthe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":259,"name":"Forensic Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Psychology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":2830,"name":"Person-centred Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Person-centred_Therapy?f_ri=35620"},{"id":6551,"name":"Public Health Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Ethics?f_ri=35620"},{"id":6911,"name":"Social Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Care?f_ri=35620"},{"id":7071,"name":"Forensic psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_psychiatry?f_ri=35620"},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=35620"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620"},{"id":24144,"name":"Shared decision making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shared_decision_making?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":43668,"name":"Antimicrobial drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":55149,"name":"Person Centered Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Person_Centered_Therapy?f_ri=35620"},{"id":94901,"name":"Health and Social Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_and_Social_Care?f_ri=35620"},{"id":296503,"name":"Person Centred Counselling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Person_Centred_Counselling?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11140243" data-work_id="11140243" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11140243/Constructs_for_insertional_mutagenesis_transcriptional_signal_localization_and_gene_regulation_studies_in_root_nodule_and_other_bacteria">Constructs for insertional mutagenesis, transcriptional signal localization and gene regulation studies in root nodule and other bacteria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Office of the Cassettes have been developed that contain an antibiotic resistance marker with and without a promoterless gusA reporter gene. The nptll (encoding kanamycin resistance) or aacCl (encoding gentamicin resistance) genes were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11140243" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Office of the Cassettes have been developed that contain an antibiotic resistance marker with and without a promoterless gusA reporter gene. The nptll (encoding kanamycin resistance) or aacCl (encoding gentamicin resistance) genes were equipped with the tac promoter (PtaC) and the trpA terminator and then cloned between Not1 sites to construct the CAS-Nm (Ptac-npt//-TtpA) and CAS-Gm ( Pt , CP, , , c/ -aacC/ -T, )</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11140243" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6186e44f0d8958a26334031e0b1cedf7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36872586,"asset_id":11140243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36872586/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26901406" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaviTiwari24">Ravi Tiwari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26901406" type="text/json">{"id":26901406,"first_name":"Ravi","last_name":"Tiwari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RaviTiwari24","display_name":"Ravi Tiwari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RaviTiwari24?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26901406/7525436/8451737/s65_ravi.tiwari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11140243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11140243"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11140243, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11140243", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11140243]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11140243").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11140243").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11140243"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4338" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_regulation">Gene regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4338" type="text/json">{"id":4338,"name":"Gene regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_regulation?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11140243]'), work: {"id":11140243,"title":"Constructs for insertional mutagenesis, transcriptional signal localization and gene regulation studies in root nodule and other bacteria","created_at":"2015-02-27T05:55:44.427-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11140243/Constructs_for_insertional_mutagenesis_transcriptional_signal_localization_and_gene_regulation_studies_in_root_nodule_and_other_bacteria?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_11140243","summary":"Office of the Cassettes have been developed that contain an antibiotic resistance marker with and without a promoterless gusA reporter gene. The nptll (encoding kanamycin resistance) or aacCl (encoding gentamicin resistance) genes were equipped with the tac promoter (PtaC) and the trpA terminator and then cloned between Not1 sites to construct the CAS-Nm (Ptac-npt//-TtpA) and CAS-Gm ( Pt , CP, , , c/ -aacC/ -T, )","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36872586,"asset_id":11140243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26901406,"first_name":"Ravi","last_name":"Tiwari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RaviTiwari24","display_name":"Ravi Tiwari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RaviTiwari24?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26901406/7525436/8451737/s65_ravi.tiwari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":4338,"name":"Gene regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_regulation?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":41749,"name":"Genetic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Engineering?f_ri=35620"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335965,"name":"Gram-negative bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram-negative_bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":750576,"name":"Host Range","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Range?f_ri=35620"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=35620"},{"id":858129,"name":"Rhizobiaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizobiaceae?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2274872,"name":"DNA sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_sequence?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35919093" data-work_id="35919093" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35919093/_Degradation_of_Antibiotics_in_Aqueous_Solution_by_Photocatalytic_Process_Comparing_the_Efficiency_in_the_Use_of_ZnO_or_TiO2">-Degradation of Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution by Photocatalytic Process Comparing the Efficiency in the Use of ZnO or TiO2</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study examined the photodegradative efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 in degradation of antibiotics in aqueous matrices. Among several types of antibiotics, four antibiotics were chosen to feature the major classes of these compounds:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35919093" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study examined the photodegradative efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 in degradation of antibiotics in aqueous matrices. Among several types of antibiotics, four antibiotics were chosen to feature the major classes of these compounds: amoxicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Degradation of antibiotic solutions was carried out mainly under UV-light irradiation in a set time with the presence of small quantity of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Solutions were analyzed with HPLC chromatography and degradation percentages were calculated from ratio between pick area associated to no degraded drug solution and degraded drug solution’s pick area. Meanwhile, toxicity of antibiotics and degrading compounds were investigated using a biosensor system, consisting of Clark’s electrode associated with a portion of agar medium culture containing Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yeast cells. This way, it was possible to define the oxygen that was consumed by yeast cells. Toxicity associated to antibiotics and degrading products are related to decrease of oxygen concentration in solution. It is clear that zinc oxide is slower than titanium dioxide to degrade antibiotics, but zinc oxide shows better photodegradation efficiency than titanium dioxide in spite of its small specific superficial area.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35919093" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6442c393e8ba54d7dc9b0eedf82cc705" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55800348,"asset_id":35919093,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55800348/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="76531818" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/BarbaraAmbrosetti">Barbara Ambrosetti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="76531818" type="text/json">{"id":76531818,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Ambrosetti","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"BarbaraAmbrosetti","display_name":"Barbara Ambrosetti","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/BarbaraAmbrosetti?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76531818/19045774/18995890/s65_barbara.ambrosetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35919093 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35919093"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35919093, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35919093", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35919093]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35919093").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35919093").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35919093"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14603" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ZnO">ZnO</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14603" type="text/json">{"id":14603,"name":"ZnO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ZnO?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution">Environmental Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25445" type="text/json">{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35919093]'), work: {"id":35919093,"title":"-Degradation of Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution by Photocatalytic Process Comparing the Efficiency in the Use of ZnO or TiO2","created_at":"2018-02-14T03:07:15.307-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35919093/_Degradation_of_Antibiotics_in_Aqueous_Solution_by_Photocatalytic_Process_Comparing_the_Efficiency_in_the_Use_of_ZnO_or_TiO2?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_35919093","summary":"The study examined the photodegradative efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 in degradation of antibiotics in aqueous matrices. Among several types of antibiotics, four antibiotics were chosen to feature the major classes of these compounds: amoxicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Degradation of antibiotic solutions was carried out mainly under UV-light irradiation in a set time with the presence of small quantity of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Solutions were analyzed with HPLC chromatography and degradation percentages were calculated from ratio between pick area associated to no degraded drug solution and degraded drug solution’s pick area. Meanwhile, toxicity of antibiotics and degrading compounds were investigated using a biosensor system, consisting of Clark’s electrode associated with a portion of agar medium culture containing Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yeast cells. This way, it was possible to define the oxygen that was consumed by yeast cells. Toxicity associated to antibiotics and degrading products are related to decrease of oxygen concentration in solution. It is clear that zinc oxide is slower than titanium dioxide to degrade antibiotics, but zinc oxide shows better photodegradation efficiency than titanium dioxide in spite of its small specific superficial area.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55800348,"asset_id":35919093,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":76531818,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Ambrosetti","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"BarbaraAmbrosetti","display_name":"Barbara Ambrosetti","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/BarbaraAmbrosetti?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76531818/19045774/18995890/s65_barbara.ambrosetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14603,"name":"ZnO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ZnO?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":58352,"name":"Photocatalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photocatalysis?f_ri=35620"},{"id":143739,"name":"TiO2","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TiO2?f_ri=35620"},{"id":251655,"name":"Antibiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotics?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24031456" data-work_id="24031456" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24031456/Site_specific_homologous_recombination_mutagenesis_in_group_B_streptococci">Site-specific homologous recombination mutagenesis in group B streptococci</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We describe the use of suicide vectors to generate site-specific mutations in group B streptococcus. This is accomplished by cloning gene-specific sequences into a temperature sensitive plasmid and selecting for clones which have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24031456" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We describe the use of suicide vectors to generate site-specific mutations in group B streptococcus. This is accomplished by cloning gene-specific sequences into a temperature sensitive plasmid and selecting for clones which have undergone homologous recombination. The recombinan clones can be easily isolated by selecting for clones which have retained the antibiotic resistance markers that are present on the vector or cloned into the gene-specific sequences. To confirm the fidelity of Abbreviations: Amp = Ampicillin; BSA = Bovine Serum Albumin; cat = Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase; Cm = Chloramphenicol; Cm R = Chloramphenicol Resistant; cps = GBS capsule gene; CSF = Cerebral Spinal Fluid; GBS = Group B Streptococcus; HRP = Horse Radish Peroxidase; LB = Luria-Bertani; NFDM = Non Fat Dry Milk; ori = origin of plasmid replication; PBS = Phosphate Buffered Saline; THA = Todd-Hewitt Agar; THB = Todd-Hewitt Broth; TBS = Tris Buffered Saline; TTBS = Tween-20 Tris Buffered Saline; XGal = 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24031456" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d54795d4abf01ac836bc256b0d3b5629" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44407779,"asset_id":24031456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44407779/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46151242" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HarryYim">Harry Yim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46151242" type="text/json">{"id":46151242,"first_name":"Harry","last_name":"Yim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HarryYim","display_name":"Harry Yim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HarryYim?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24031456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24031456"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24031456, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24031456", }); 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This is accomplished by cloning gene-specific sequences into a temperature sensitive plasmid and selecting for clones which have undergone homologous recombination. The recombinan clones can be easily isolated by selecting for clones which have retained the antibiotic resistance markers that are present on the vector or cloned into the gene-specific sequences. To confirm the fidelity of Abbreviations: Amp = Ampicillin; BSA = Bovine Serum Albumin; cat = Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase; Cm = Chloramphenicol; Cm R = Chloramphenicol Resistant; cps = GBS capsule gene; CSF = Cerebral Spinal Fluid; GBS = Group B Streptococcus; HRP = Horse Radish Peroxidase; LB = Luria-Bertani; NFDM = Non Fat Dry Milk; ori = origin of plasmid replication; PBS = Phosphate Buffered Saline; THA = Todd-Hewitt Agar; THB = Todd-Hewitt Broth; TBS = Tris Buffered Saline; TTBS = Tween-20 Tris Buffered Saline; XGal = 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44407779,"asset_id":24031456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46151242,"first_name":"Harry","last_name":"Yim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HarryYim","display_name":"Harry Yim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HarryYim?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=35620"},{"id":316015,"name":"Gen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gen?f_ri=35620"},{"id":371427,"name":"DNA isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_isolation?f_ri=35620"},{"id":663515,"name":"Homologous Recombination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homologous_Recombination?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1217930,"name":"Site-directed Mutagenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Site-directed_Mutagenesis?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1308499,"name":"Group B Streptococcus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_B_Streptococcus?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79825560 coauthored" data-work_id="79825560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79825560/Prevalence_and_Financial_Losses_of_Cystic_Echinococcosis_in_Slaughtered_Goats_at_Gumbo_Slab_in_Juba_County_South_Sudan">Prevalence and Financial Losses of Cystic Echinococcosis in Slaughtered Goats at Gumbo Slab in Juba County, South Sudan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A cross-sectional study was conducted at Gumbo slaughter slab in Juba, Central Equatoria State (CES) in South Sudan, between October and December 2015, to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and to estimate the direct... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79825560" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A cross-sectional study was conducted at Gumbo slaughter slab in Juba, Central Equatoria <br />State (CES) in South Sudan, between October and December 2015, to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and to estimate the direct economic losses associated with condemnation of infected organs in slaughtered goats. A thorough postmortem examination was conducted on carcasses of a total of 1126 goats selected by systematic random sampling for detection of CE in <br />the lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, and the spleen. Moreover, CE-related direct financial losses were <br />estimated by using a standardized formula. The overall prevalence of CE was found to be 281 (24.9%, <br />95% CI 22.5–27.6). Furthermore, old age (OR = 2.61, p value < 0.001), Mubende breed (OR = 2.97, <br />p value < 0.001), and Ugandan geographical origin (OR = 2.97, p value < 0.001) were associated  <br />with higher prevalence of CE. The lungs were the most affected organ with a prevalence of 55.2% <br />followed by liver (44.1%), and the spleen (0.07%). A direct CE-related monetary loss of 78,820 South <br />Sudanese Pounds (SSP) per year was estimated. This loss is equivalent to USD 43,788. In conclusion, CE is considerably prevalent and is associated with significant direct financial losses among goats slaughtered at Gumbo slaughter slab in Juba, CES, South Sudan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79825560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae5e93a4564fe6c55d0d398db5e86aa9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86409884,"asset_id":79825560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86409884/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="162908510" href="https://sustech.academia.edu/KunduNigo">Kundu L E V I S E B I T Nigo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="162908510" type="text/json">{"id":162908510,"first_name":"Kundu","last_name":"Nigo","domain_name":"sustech","page_name":"KunduNigo","display_name":"Kundu L E V I S E B I T Nigo","profile_url":"https://sustech.academia.edu/KunduNigo?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/162908510/45761862/35580157/s65_kundu.nigo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-79825560">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-79825560"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://upernile.academia.edu/batathomas">bata thomas</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-79825560'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-79825560').html(); 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A thorough postmortem examination was conducted on carcasses of a total of 1126 goats selected by systematic random sampling for detection of CE in \nthe lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, and the spleen. Moreover, CE-related direct financial losses were \nestimated by using a standardized formula. The overall prevalence of CE was found to be 281 (24.9%, \n95% CI 22.5–27.6). Furthermore, old age (OR = 2.61, p value \u003c 0.001), Mubende breed (OR = 2.97, \np value \u003c 0.001), and Ugandan geographical origin (OR = 2.97, p value \u003c 0.001) were associated \nwith higher prevalence of CE. The lungs were the most affected organ with a prevalence of 55.2% \nfollowed by liver (44.1%), and the spleen (0.07%). A direct CE-related monetary loss of 78,820 South \nSudanese Pounds (SSP) per year was estimated. This loss is equivalent to USD 43,788. In conclusion, CE is considerably prevalent and is associated with significant direct financial losses among goats slaughtered at Gumbo slaughter slab in Juba, CES, South Sudan. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86409884,"asset_id":79825560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":162908510,"first_name":"Kundu","last_name":"Nigo","domain_name":"sustech","page_name":"KunduNigo","display_name":"Kundu L E V I S E B I T Nigo","profile_url":"https://sustech.academia.edu/KunduNigo?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/162908510/45761862/35580157/s65_kundu.nigo.jpg"},{"id":225435823,"first_name":"bata","last_name":"thomas","domain_name":"upernile","page_name":"batathomas","display_name":"bata thomas","profile_url":"https://upernile.academia.edu/batathomas?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/225435823/82607798/75532389/s65_bata.thomas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":43665,"name":"Molecular Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Epidemiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":46578,"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_and_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77454530" data-work_id="77454530" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77454530/Antibiotic_efflux_pumps_in_Gram_negative_bacteria_the_inhibitor_response_strategy">Antibiotic efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria: the inhibitor response strategy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After several decades of continuously successful antibiotic therapy against bacterial infections, we are now facing a worrying prospect: the accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance to important human pathogens and the scarcity of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77454530" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After several decades of continuously successful antibiotic therapy against bacterial infections, we are now facing a worrying prospect: the accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance to important human pathogens and the scarcity of new anti-infective drug families under development. Efflux is a general mechanism responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This active drug transport is involved in low intrinsic susceptibility, cross-resistance to chemically unrelated classes of molecules, and selection/acquisition of additional mechanisms of resistance. Thus, inhibition of bacterial efflux mechanisms appears to be a promising target in order to (i) increase the intracellular concentration of antibiotics that are expelled by efflux pumps, (ii) restore the drug susceptibility of resistant clinical strains, and (iii) reduce the capability for acquired additional resistance. Structurally unrelated classes of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been described and tested in the last decade, including some analogues of antibiotic substrates and new chemical molecules. Among the current collection of EPIs, only a few compounds have been studied taking into account the structure-activity relationships and the spectrum of activity in terms of antibiotics, pumps and bacteria. While large efforts have characterized an increasing number of bacterial efflux pumps and generated several potentially active EPIs, they have not elucidated the molecular basis of efflux transport and inhibition. Recent studies of pumpsubstrate complexes, the 3D resolution of the efflux pumps, the synthesis of novel compounds and molecular dynamic studies may generate new clues to decipher and select novel targets inside the efflux mechanisms and, finally, may result in a clinically useful molecule.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77454530" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edecbc5568a8b086c336c7e6e951c17c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84842419,"asset_id":77454530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84842419/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="211139526" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AhmedMahamoud15">Ahmed Mahamoud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="211139526" type="text/json">{"id":211139526,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"Mahamoud","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AhmedMahamoud15","display_name":"Ahmed Mahamoud","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AhmedMahamoud15?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77454530 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77454530"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77454530, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77454530", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77454530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77454530").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77454530").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77454530"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77454530]'), work: {"id":77454530,"title":"Antibiotic efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria: the inhibitor response strategy","created_at":"2022-04-24T07:19:01.292-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77454530/Antibiotic_efflux_pumps_in_Gram_negative_bacteria_the_inhibitor_response_strategy?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_77454530","summary":"After several decades of continuously successful antibiotic therapy against bacterial infections, we are now facing a worrying prospect: the accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance to important human pathogens and the scarcity of new anti-infective drug families under development. Efflux is a general mechanism responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This active drug transport is involved in low intrinsic susceptibility, cross-resistance to chemically unrelated classes of molecules, and selection/acquisition of additional mechanisms of resistance. Thus, inhibition of bacterial efflux mechanisms appears to be a promising target in order to (i) increase the intracellular concentration of antibiotics that are expelled by efflux pumps, (ii) restore the drug susceptibility of resistant clinical strains, and (iii) reduce the capability for acquired additional resistance. Structurally unrelated classes of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been described and tested in the last decade, including some analogues of antibiotic substrates and new chemical molecules. Among the current collection of EPIs, only a few compounds have been studied taking into account the structure-activity relationships and the spectrum of activity in terms of antibiotics, pumps and bacteria. While large efforts have characterized an increasing number of bacterial efflux pumps and generated several potentially active EPIs, they have not elucidated the molecular basis of efflux transport and inhibition. Recent studies of pumpsubstrate complexes, the 3D resolution of the efflux pumps, the synthesis of novel compounds and molecular dynamic studies may generate new clues to decipher and select novel targets inside the efflux mechanisms and, finally, may result in a clinically useful molecule.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84842419,"asset_id":77454530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":211139526,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"Mahamoud","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AhmedMahamoud15","display_name":"Ahmed Mahamoud","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AhmedMahamoud15?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":75610,"name":"Bacterial resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":115896,"name":"Membrane transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_transport?f_ri=35620"},{"id":195700,"name":"Antimicrobial chemotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_chemotherapy?f_ri=35620"},{"id":321836,"name":"Spectrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":623717,"name":"Efflux Pumps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efflux_Pumps?f_ri=35620"},{"id":816974,"name":"Quinolines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quinolines?f_ri=35620"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1174994,"name":"Bacterial Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Infection?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1242504,"name":"Molecular Dynamic Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Dynamic_Simulation?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2632374,"name":"Efflux pump inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efflux_pump_inhibitors?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3928330,"name":"Antibiotic Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Therapy-1?f_ri=35620"},{"id":4078549,"name":"Molecular dynamic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_dynamic?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42247601" data-work_id="42247601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42247601/Prescription_of_antibiotics_as_a_source_of_emerging_antibiotic_resistance_Knowledge_attitudes_and_practices_of_medical_staff_in_the_Dassa_Glazou%C3%A9_and_Savalou_Bant%C3%A8s_health_zones_Benin_West_Africa_">Prescription of antibiotics as a source of emerging antibiotic resistance: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical staff in the Dassa-Glazoué and Savalou-Bantè's health zones (Benin, West Africa)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and Aim: Antibiotics have been some great effective molecules against infections since their discovery. The excessive use and misuse of antibiotics have resulted in a selection of antibiotic-resistant strains. Among the reasons... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42247601" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and Aim: Antibiotics have been some great effective molecules against infections since their discovery. The excessive use and misuse of antibiotics have resulted in a selection of antibiotic-resistant strains. Among the reasons involved, the prescription of antibiotics can be important. The present study aimed to contribute to the reduction of antibiotic resistance due to the misuse of antibiotics.<br /><br />Materials and Methods: A knowledge, attitude, and practice survey of health professionals from Savalou-Bante (230) and Dassa-Glazoué (100) health zones was performed about the prescription of antibiotics.<br /><br />Results: About 53% of respondents in the health zone of Savalou-Bantè were assistant nursing and only 3% of them were specialized physicians. The other respondents were physicians (3%), midwives (10%), and nurses (31%). Forty-five percent of the respondents were nurses and only 5% of them were specialized physicians in Savalou-Bantè. However, all these health professionals prescribe antibiotics. The first-line antibiotics prescribed were penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. These health professionals usually have no knowledge of the mechanism of action of these antibiotics. The antibiotics prescribed mostly were for ear, nose, and throat and upper respiratory infections (80% in Dassa-Glazoué and 79% in Savalou-Bantè). The most commonly used dosage form was tablets (58%) in the health zone of Savalou-Bantè and the injectable form in the sanitary zone of Dassa-Glazouè.<br /><br />Conclusion: It is important to implement a policy of rational use of antibiotics to reduce the excessive and misuse of antibiotics and prevent antibiotic resistance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42247601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="543d36f9079ce5f3d8ea7a45bd6cbbf5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62399105,"asset_id":42247601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62399105/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61132407" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Internationaljournalofonehealth">International Journal of One Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61132407" type="text/json">{"id":61132407,"first_name":"International Journal","last_name":"of One Health","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Internationaljournalofonehealth","display_name":"International Journal of One Health","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Internationaljournalofonehealth?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61132407/15898955/16429135/s65_international_journal.of_one_health.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42247601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42247601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42247601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42247601", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42247601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42247601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42247601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42247601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3037" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Microbiology">Veterinary Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3037" type="text/json">{"id":3037,"name":"Veterinary Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="181315" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/One_Health">One Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="181315" type="text/json">{"id":181315,"name":"One Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/One_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42247601]'), work: {"id":42247601,"title":"Prescription of antibiotics as a source of emerging antibiotic resistance: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical staff in the Dassa-Glazoué and Savalou-Bantè's health zones (Benin, West Africa)","created_at":"2020-03-18T00:27:53.515-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42247601/Prescription_of_antibiotics_as_a_source_of_emerging_antibiotic_resistance_Knowledge_attitudes_and_practices_of_medical_staff_in_the_Dassa_Glazou%C3%A9_and_Savalou_Bant%C3%A8s_health_zones_Benin_West_Africa_?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_42247601","summary":"Background and Aim: Antibiotics have been some great effective molecules against infections since their discovery. The excessive use and misuse of antibiotics have resulted in a selection of antibiotic-resistant strains. Among the reasons involved, the prescription of antibiotics can be important. The present study aimed to contribute to the reduction of antibiotic resistance due to the misuse of antibiotics.\n\nMaterials and Methods: A knowledge, attitude, and practice survey of health professionals from Savalou-Bante (230) and Dassa-Glazoué (100) health zones was performed about the prescription of antibiotics.\n\nResults: About 53% of respondents in the health zone of Savalou-Bantè were assistant nursing and only 3% of them were specialized physicians. The other respondents were physicians (3%), midwives (10%), and nurses (31%). Forty-five percent of the respondents were nurses and only 5% of them were specialized physicians in Savalou-Bantè. However, all these health professionals prescribe antibiotics. The first-line antibiotics prescribed were penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. These health professionals usually have no knowledge of the mechanism of action of these antibiotics. The antibiotics prescribed mostly were for ear, nose, and throat and upper respiratory infections (80% in Dassa-Glazoué and 79% in Savalou-Bantè). The most commonly used dosage form was tablets (58%) in the health zone of Savalou-Bantè and the injectable form in the sanitary zone of Dassa-Glazouè.\n\nConclusion: It is important to implement a policy of rational use of antibiotics to reduce the excessive and misuse of antibiotics and prevent antibiotic resistance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62399105,"asset_id":42247601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61132407,"first_name":"International Journal","last_name":"of One Health","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Internationaljournalofonehealth","display_name":"International Journal of One Health","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Internationaljournalofonehealth?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61132407/15898955/16429135/s65_international_journal.of_one_health.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":3037,"name":"Veterinary Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":181315,"name":"One Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/One_Health?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":251655,"name":"Antibiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotics?f_ri=35620"},{"id":521881,"name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organization?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_389456 coauthored" data-work_id="389456" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/389456/Tn5090_like_Class_1_Integron_Carrying_BlaVIM_2_In_a_Pseudomonas_Putida_Strain_From_Portugal">Tn5090‐like Class 1 Integron Carrying BlaVIM‐2 In a Pseudomonas Putida Strain From Portugal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/389456" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="295602" href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/SoniaMendo">Sonia Mendo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="295602" type="text/json">{"id":295602,"first_name":"Sonia","last_name":"Mendo","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"SoniaMendo","display_name":"Sonia Mendo","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/SoniaMendo?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/295602/72898/79692/s65_sonia.mendo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-389456">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-389456"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/C%C3%A1tiaSantos">Cátia Santos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-389456'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-389456').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_389456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="389456"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 389456, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_389456", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_389456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 389456; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_389456"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_389456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="389456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 389456; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=389456]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_389456").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_389456").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="389456"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals">Hospitals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37772" type="text/json">{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology">Clinical Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43666" type="text/json">{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=389456]'), work: {"id":389456,"title":"Tn5090‐like Class 1 Integron Carrying BlaVIM‐2 In a Pseudomonas Putida Strain From Portugal","created_at":"2010-12-13T17:48:59.969-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/389456/Tn5090_like_Class_1_Integron_Carrying_BlaVIM_2_In_a_Pseudomonas_Putida_Strain_From_Portugal?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_389456","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51427386,"asset_id":389456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":295602,"first_name":"Sonia","last_name":"Mendo","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"SoniaMendo","display_name":"Sonia Mendo","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/SoniaMendo?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/295602/72898/79692/s65_sonia.mendo.jpg"},{"id":8617998,"first_name":"Cátia","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"CátiaSantos","display_name":"Cátia Santos","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/C%C3%A1tiaSantos?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=35620"},{"id":129391,"name":"Gene Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Order?f_ri=35620"},{"id":139889,"name":"Clinical microbiology and infection control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_microbiology_and_infection_control?f_ri=35620"},{"id":183736,"name":"Pseudomonas putida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_putida?f_ri=35620"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":295954,"name":"Integrons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrons?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1770857,"name":"Beta Lactamases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beta_Lactamases?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7572268" data-work_id="7572268" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7572268/Ice_free_cryopreservation_of_mouse_embryos_at_196_C_by_vitrification">Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at −196 °C by vitrification</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Multi-proxy approach was used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of remote lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the past few centuries (approximately 500-1000 years). Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7572268" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Multi-proxy approach was used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of remote lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the past few centuries (approximately 500-1000 years). Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three morphologically similar glacial lakes distributed along altitudinal gradient (subalpine to alpine conditions) were analysed for organic matter content (LOI), diatoms and chironomids. Both descriptive and correlative approaches were used for analysing stratigraphical data. Predictive canonical correspondence analysis and co-correspondence analysis were applied to directly relate physical and biological proxies to each other. The relationship between LOI and biotic proxies was inconsistent across groups and lakes. Concordant patterns in diatom and chironomid composition were found in two non-acidified lakes. Common trends in those assemblages indicated major past environmental events such as the Little Ice Age, air pollution and lake acidification. In contrast, no relationship between the composition of diatom and chironomid assemblages was found in the formerly acidified lake, suggesting different responses of assemblages to acidification. While chironomids showed shifts that are attributable to recovery, diatoms assemblage remained relatively stable throughout the uppermost layers of the sediment record. On the other hand, climatic-driven changes in assemblages detected in the deeper layers were more pronounced in diatoms than in chironomids.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7572268" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="20a393784f361ad118a38b8aae60cb80" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48418055,"asset_id":7572268,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48418055/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4088138" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GregoryFahy">Gregory Fahy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4088138" type="text/json">{"id":4088138,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Fahy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GregoryFahy","display_name":"Gregory Fahy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GregoryFahy?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4088138/1573856/1905987/s65_gregory.fahy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7572268 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7572268"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7572268, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7572268", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7572268]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7572268").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7572268").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7572268"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">206</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Engineering">Ecological Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="79" type="text/json">{"id":79,"name":"Ecological Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Engineering?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering">Optical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82" type="text/json">{"id":82,"name":"Optical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7572268]'), work: {"id":7572268,"title":"Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at −196 °C by vitrification","created_at":"2014-07-06T04:52:57.103-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7572268/Ice_free_cryopreservation_of_mouse_embryos_at_196_C_by_vitrification?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_7572268","summary":"Multi-proxy approach was used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of remote lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the past few centuries (approximately 500-1000 years). Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three morphologically similar glacial lakes distributed along altitudinal gradient (subalpine to alpine conditions) were analysed for organic matter content (LOI), diatoms and chironomids. Both descriptive and correlative approaches were used for analysing stratigraphical data. Predictive canonical correspondence analysis and co-correspondence analysis were applied to directly relate physical and biological proxies to each other. The relationship between LOI and biotic proxies was inconsistent across groups and lakes. Concordant patterns in diatom and chironomid composition were found in two non-acidified lakes. Common trends in those assemblages indicated major past environmental events such as the Little Ice Age, air pollution and lake acidification. In contrast, no relationship between the composition of diatom and chironomid assemblages was found in the formerly acidified lake, suggesting different responses of assemblages to acidification. While chironomids showed shifts that are attributable to recovery, diatoms assemblage remained relatively stable throughout the uppermost layers of the sediment record. 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Motility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Motility?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2173587,"name":"Collective Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2374838,"name":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hematopoietic_Stem_Cell_Transplantation?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22250651" data-work_id="22250651" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22250651/Disinfection_of_swine_wastewater_using_chlorine_ultraviolet_light_and_ozone">Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chlorine Ultraviolet light Ozone A B S T R A C T Veterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22250651" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chlorine Ultraviolet light Ozone A B S T R A C T Veterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics are excreted from animals in urine, feces, and manure. Consequently, the lagoons used to store these wastes can act as reservoirs of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22250651" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c45a343dc53f7e4796a2ea14f6e0568e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42900857,"asset_id":22250651,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42900857/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37723918" href="https://mst.academia.edu/MelanieMormile">Melanie Mormile</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37723918" type="text/json">{"id":37723918,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Mormile","domain_name":"mst","page_name":"MelanieMormile","display_name":"Melanie Mormile","profile_url":"https://mst.academia.edu/MelanieMormile?f_ri=35620","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22250651 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22250651"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22250651, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22250651", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22250651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22250651").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22250651").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22250651"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification">Water Purification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6515" type="text/json">{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22250651]'), work: {"id":22250651,"title":"Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone","created_at":"2016-02-21T06:37:49.325-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22250651/Disinfection_of_swine_wastewater_using_chlorine_ultraviolet_light_and_ozone?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_22250651","summary":"Chlorine Ultraviolet light Ozone A B S T R A C T Veterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics are excreted from animals in urine, feces, and manure. 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This study was conducted to characterize the routes of microbial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22028363" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that foodborne disease outbreaks associated with fruits and vegetables increased during the past decade. This study was conducted to characterize the routes of microbial contamination in produce and to identify areas of potential contamination from production through postharvest handling. We report here the levels of bacterial indicator organisms and the prevalence of selected pathogens in produce samples collected from the southern United States. A total of 398 produce samples (leafy greens, herbs, and cantaloupe) were collected through production and the packing shed and assayed by enumerative tests for total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, total Enterococcus, and Escherichia coli. These samples also were analyzed for Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7. Microbiological methods were based on methods recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. For all leafy greens and herbs, geometric mean indicator levels ranged from 4.5 to 6.2 log CFU/g (aerobic plate count); less than 1 to 4.3 log CFU/g (coliforms and Enterococcus); and less than 1 to 1.5 log CFU/g (E. coli). In many cases, indicator levels remained relatively constant throughout the packing shed, particularly for mustard greens. However, for cilantro and parsley, total coliform levels increased during the packing process. For cantaloupe, microbial levels significantly increased from field through packing, with ranges of 6.4 to 7.0 log CFU/g (aerobic plate count); 2.1 to 4.3 log CFU/g (coliforms); 3.5 to 5.2 log CFU/g (Enterococcus); and less than 1 to 2.5 log CFU/g (E. coli). The prevalence of pathogens for all samples was 0, 0, and 0.7% (3 of 398) for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella, respectively. This study demonstrates that each step from production to consumption may affect the microbial load of produce and reinforces government recommendations for ensuring a high-quality product.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22028363" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3ead95d909580dd77abfc166b1eed36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42718940,"asset_id":22028363,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42718940/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39791910" href="https://itzitacuaro.academia.edu/BrendaMora">Brenda Mora</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39791910" type="text/json">{"id":39791910,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Mora","domain_name":"itzitacuaro","page_name":"BrendaMora","display_name":"Brenda Mora","profile_url":"https://itzitacuaro.academia.edu/BrendaMora?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39791910/10924431/12191446/s65_brenda.mora.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22028363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22028363"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22028363, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22028363", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22028363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22028363").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22028363").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22028363"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">35</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1081" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety">Food Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1081" type="text/json">{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7603" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food">Food</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7603" type="text/json">{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22028363]'), work: {"id":22028363,"title":"A field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce","created_at":"2016-02-15T20:38:10.965-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22028363/A_field_study_of_the_microbiological_quality_of_fresh_produce?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_22028363","summary":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that foodborne disease outbreaks associated with fruits and vegetables increased during the past decade. This study was conducted to characterize the routes of microbial contamination in produce and to identify areas of potential contamination from production through postharvest handling. We report here the levels of bacterial indicator organisms and the prevalence of selected pathogens in produce samples collected from the southern United States. A total of 398 produce samples (leafy greens, herbs, and cantaloupe) were collected through production and the packing shed and assayed by enumerative tests for total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, total Enterococcus, and Escherichia coli. These samples also were analyzed for Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7. Microbiological methods were based on methods recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. For all leafy greens and herbs, geometric mean indicator levels ranged from 4.5 to 6.2 log CFU/g (aerobic plate count); less than 1 to 4.3 log CFU/g (coliforms and Enterococcus); and less than 1 to 1.5 log CFU/g (E. coli). In many cases, indicator levels remained relatively constant throughout the packing shed, particularly for mustard greens. However, for cilantro and parsley, total coliform levels increased during the packing process. For cantaloupe, microbial levels significantly increased from field through packing, with ranges of 6.4 to 7.0 log CFU/g (aerobic plate count); 2.1 to 4.3 log CFU/g (coliforms); 3.5 to 5.2 log CFU/g (Enterococcus); and less than 1 to 2.5 log CFU/g (E. coli). The prevalence of pathogens for all samples was 0, 0, and 0.7% (3 of 398) for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella, respectively. This study demonstrates that each step from production to consumption may affect the microbial load of produce and reinforces government recommendations for ensuring a high-quality product.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42718940,"asset_id":22028363,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39791910,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Mora","domain_name":"itzitacuaro","page_name":"BrendaMora","display_name":"Brenda Mora","profile_url":"https://itzitacuaro.academia.edu/BrendaMora?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39791910/10924431/12191446/s65_brenda.mora.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology?f_ri=35620"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=35620"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=35620"},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=35620"},{"id":81558,"name":"Food supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_supply?f_ri=35620"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=35620"},{"id":104178,"name":"Listeria monocytogenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Listeria_monocytogenes?f_ri=35620"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":117832,"name":"Food Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Packaging?f_ri=35620"},{"id":160814,"name":"Fruit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit?f_ri=35620"},{"id":173357,"name":"Disease Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Control?f_ri=35620"},{"id":208544,"name":"Vegetables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetables?f_ri=35620"},{"id":229398,"name":"Fruit and vegetables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit_and_vegetables?f_ri=35620"},{"id":239810,"name":"Field Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Study?f_ri=35620"},{"id":315242,"name":"Disease Outbreak","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Outbreak?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":480528,"name":"Spices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spices?f_ri=35620"},{"id":537769,"name":"Enterococcus faecium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecium?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561012,"name":"Enterococcus faecalis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecalis?f_ri=35620"},{"id":570860,"name":"Food Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Contamination?f_ri=35620"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":617771,"name":"MEXICO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MEXICO-2015?f_ri=35620"},{"id":844702,"name":"Food Handling \u0026 Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Handling_and_Hygiene?f_ri=35620"},{"id":958591,"name":"Total Coliform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Coliform?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1119466,"name":"Food and Drug Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Drug_Administration?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1196461,"name":"Economic Benefit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Benefit?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1259904,"name":"Microbiological Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiological_Quality?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1902880,"name":"Fresh Produce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_Produce?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2045285,"name":"Cucurbitaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cucurbitaceae?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80081222" data-work_id="80081222" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80081222/Antibacterial_activity_of_ethanolic_and_aqueous_extracts_of_Acacia_aroma_Gill_ex_Hook_et_Arn">Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook et Arn</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts from various parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of A. aroma against 163 strains of antibiotic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80081222" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts from various parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of A. aroma against 163 strains of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The disc diffusion assay was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the A. aroma crude extracts, against several Gram-positive bacteria (E.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80081222" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e19d3eb158ab91604e04ab06f218787" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86581839,"asset_id":80081222,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86581839/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3616541" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MyriamArias">Myriam Arias</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3616541" type="text/json">{"id":3616541,"first_name":"Myriam","last_name":"Arias","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MyriamArias","display_name":"Myriam Arias","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MyriamArias?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3616541/1265230/1576785/s65_myriam.arias.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80081222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80081222"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80081222, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80081222", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80081222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80081222; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80081222"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80081222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80081222"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80081222; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80081222]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80081222").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80081222").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80081222"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8014" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences">Life Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8014" type="text/json">{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram_Positive">Gram Positive</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83825" type="text/json">{"id":83825,"name":"Gram Positive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram_Positive?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="111007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_activity">Antimicrobial activity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="111007" type="text/json">{"id":111007,"name":"Antimicrobial activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_activity?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80081222]'), work: {"id":80081222,"title":"Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook et Arn","created_at":"2022-05-27T18:50:10.227-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80081222/Antibacterial_activity_of_ethanolic_and_aqueous_extracts_of_Acacia_aroma_Gill_ex_Hook_et_Arn?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_80081222","summary":"The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts from various parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of A. aroma against 163 strains of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The disc diffusion assay was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the A. aroma crude extracts, against several Gram-positive bacteria (E.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86581839,"asset_id":80081222,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3616541,"first_name":"Myriam","last_name":"Arias","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MyriamArias","display_name":"Myriam Arias","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MyriamArias?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3616541/1265230/1576785/s65_myriam.arias.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":83825,"name":"Gram Positive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram_Positive?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":111007,"name":"Antimicrobial activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_activity?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=35620"},{"id":199661,"name":"Acacia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acacia?f_ri=35620"},{"id":237568,"name":"Gram Positive Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram_Positive_Bacteria?f_ri=35620"},{"id":273728,"name":"Ciencias Biológicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencias_Biol%C3%B3gicas?f_ri=35620"},{"id":290432,"name":"Antibacterial activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial_activity?f_ri=35620"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=35620"},{"id":702103,"name":"Antibacterial Agent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial_Agent?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1109769,"name":"Biological Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Assay?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1174953,"name":"Aqueous Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqueous_Extract?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2458507,"name":"Minimal Bactericidal Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minimal_Bactericidal_Concentration?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2764779,"name":"minimal inhibitory concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/minimal_inhibitory_concentration?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3023942,"name":"Antibiotic resistant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_resistant?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77094754" data-work_id="77094754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77094754/Occurrence_and_antimicrobial_resistance_of_Salmonella_serovars_in_apparently_healthy_slaughtered_sheep_and_goats_of_central_Ethiopia">Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars in apparently healthy slaughtered sheep and goats of central Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolates from feces, feed and broiler litter in poultry broilers in western Paraná between 2006 and 2010. The antigenic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77094754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolates from feces, feed and broiler litter in poultry broilers in western Paraná between 2006 and 2010. The antigenic characterization and identification of serotypes confirmed 118 samples of Salmonella spp., belonging to 38 different serotypes. The most common serotypes identified were S. enteritidis (16.1%), S. heidelberg (5.9%), S. typhimurium (5.9%), S. hadar (5.0%), S. albany (4.2%), S. enterica (4.2) and S. saintpaul (4.2%). The serotypes of Salmonella spp. isolates were examined for resistance against 13 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Thirty-six samples (30.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials, and among the 82 resistant strains, there were 25 different resistance patterns. Serotypes' multi-resistant to streptomycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline (20.7%), nalidixic acid (13.4%) and nalidixic acid and tetracycline (11.0%) were found at higher frequency. The results revealed high prevalence of Salmonella spp. mainly S. enteritidis (16.1%) in aviary environment and percentage of strains' resistant to conventional antibiotics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77094754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="652e5fe9a2feb0bbafd1aa913649f1f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84613150,"asset_id":77094754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84613150/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1638118" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrJassimAbdo">Dr Jassim Abdo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1638118" type="text/json">{"id":1638118,"first_name":"Dr Jassim","last_name":"Abdo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrJassimAbdo","display_name":"Dr Jassim Abdo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrJassimAbdo?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1638118/569775/67134158/s65_dr_jassim.abdo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77094754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77094754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77094754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77094754", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77094754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77094754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77094754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77094754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77094754]'), work: {"id":77094754,"title":"Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars in apparently healthy slaughtered sheep and goats of central Ethiopia","created_at":"2022-04-20T10:03:16.407-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77094754/Occurrence_and_antimicrobial_resistance_of_Salmonella_serovars_in_apparently_healthy_slaughtered_sheep_and_goats_of_central_Ethiopia?f_ri=35620","dom_id":"work_77094754","summary":"This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolates from feces, feed and broiler litter in poultry broilers in western Paraná between 2006 and 2010. The antigenic characterization and identification of serotypes confirmed 118 samples of Salmonella spp., belonging to 38 different serotypes. The most common serotypes identified were S. enteritidis (16.1%), S. heidelberg (5.9%), S. typhimurium (5.9%), S. hadar (5.0%), S. albany (4.2%), S. enterica (4.2) and S. saintpaul (4.2%). The serotypes of Salmonella spp. isolates were examined for resistance against 13 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Thirty-six samples (30.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials, and among the 82 resistant strains, there were 25 different resistance patterns. Serotypes' multi-resistant to streptomycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline (20.7%), nalidixic acid (13.4%) and nalidixic acid and tetracycline (11.0%) were found at higher frequency. The results revealed high prevalence of Salmonella spp. mainly S. enteritidis (16.1%) in aviary environment and percentage of strains' resistant to conventional antibiotics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84613150,"asset_id":77094754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1638118,"first_name":"Dr Jassim","last_name":"Abdo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrJassimAbdo","display_name":"Dr Jassim Abdo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrJassimAbdo?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1638118/569775/67134158/s65_dr_jassim.abdo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=35620","nofollow":true},{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=35620"},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=35620"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=35620"},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=35620"},{"id":220036,"name":"Antimicrobial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial?f_ri=35620"},{"id":257897,"name":"Salmonella","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella?f_ri=35620"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=35620"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=35620"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=35620"},{"id":632512,"name":"Tropical animal health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_animal_health?f_ri=35620"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=35620"},{"id":1433427,"name":"Enteric Pathogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enteric_Pathogens?f_ri=35620"},{"id":2032368,"name":"Serotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotyping?f_ri=35620"},{"id":3088872,"name":"Salmonella enterica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella_enterica?f_ri=35620"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73023313" data-work_id="73023313" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73023313/Antibiotic_resistance_pattern_of_Klebsiella_pneumoniae_isolated_from_nosocomial_infections_in_Aleshtar_hospital_Lorestan_province">Antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infections in Aleshtar hospital, Lorestan province</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction Nosocomial infections are induced in hospitalized patients. These patients do not have these infections at the time of reference, but are infected at the time of hospitalization (1). Nosocomial infections are caused two days... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73023313" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction Nosocomial infections are induced in hospitalized patients. These patients do not have these infections at the time of reference, but are infected at the time of hospitalization (1). Nosocomial infections are caused two days after hospitalization or discharge from the hospital (2). Despite the efforts and measures to control nosocomial infections, economic costs and mortality, are high (3). Nosocomial infections are the sixth cause of death in the United States with 9900 fatalities per annum approximately (4). Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important cause of nosocomial infections among gram-negative bacteria (5). K. pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen in hospitals, which causes the most common nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract, pneumonia, septicemia, wound, and bloodstream (5). K. pneumoniae is gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, nonmotile, nitrate positive, with mucoid colonies, and large polysaccharide capsule (6). Four spe...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73023313" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a2395823b066c9011c5283774b00b421" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81710308,"asset_id":73023313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81710308/download_file?st=MTczOTgxNDgyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54970457" href="https://iau-tnb.academia.edu/SajadBabakhani">Sajad Babakhani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54970457" type="text/json">{"id":54970457,"first_name":"Sajad","last_name":"Babakhani","domain_name":"iau-tnb","page_name":"SajadBabakhani","display_name":"Sajad Babakhani","profile_url":"https://iau-tnb.academia.edu/SajadBabakhani?f_ri=35620","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54970457/20287324/19992298/s65_sajad.babakhani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73023313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73023313"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73023313, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73023313", }); 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These patients do not have these infections at the time of reference, but are infected at the time of hospitalization (1). Nosocomial infections are caused two days after hospitalization or discharge from the hospital (2). Despite the efforts and measures to control nosocomial infections, economic costs and mortality, are high (3). Nosocomial infections are the sixth cause of death in the United States with 9900 fatalities per annum approximately (4). Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important cause of nosocomial infections among gram-negative bacteria (5). K. pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen in hospitals, which causes the most common nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract, pneumonia, septicemia, wound, and bloodstream (5). K. pneumoniae is gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, nonmotile, nitrate positive, with mucoid colonies, and large polysaccharide capsule (6). 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