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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First academic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_academic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_academic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_academic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Second academic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_academic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Academic works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burkert's_theory_of_sacrificial_ritual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burkert's_theory_of_sacrificial_ritual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Burkert's theory of sacrificial ritual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burkert's_theory_of_sacrificial_ritual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="والتر بوركرت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="والتر بوركرت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="والتر بوركرت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="والتر بوركرت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ヴァルター・ブルケルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァルター・ブルケルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Буркерт, Вальтер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буркерт, Вальтер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Walter Burkert" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q61888#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="View the 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German classical philologist and religious scholar (1931–2015)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Walter_Burkert" title="Special:EditPage/Walter Burkert">improve this article</a> by <a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Walter+Burkert%22">"Walter Burkert"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Walter+Burkert%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Walter+Burkert%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Walter+Burkert%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Walter+Burkert%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Walter+Burkert%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Walter Burkert</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Walterburkert.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Walterburkert.png/250px-Walterburkert.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1f/Walterburkert.png 1.5x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="331" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1931-02-02</span>)</span>2 February 1931<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Neuendettelsau" title="Neuendettelsau">Neuendettelsau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 2015<span style="display:none">(2015-03-11)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balzan_Prize" title="Balzan Prize">Balzan Prize</a> (1990) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud_Prize" title="Sigmund Freud Prize">Sigmund Freud Prize</a> (2003) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a> (2008)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erlangen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Erlangen University">Erlangen University</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Munich_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich University">Munich University</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek Religion">Ancient Greek Religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/TU_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="TU Berlin">TU Berlin</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_Necans" title="Homo Necans">Homo Necans</a></i> (1972)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Walter Burkert</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈbʊɐ̯kɐt]</a></span>; 2 February 1931 – 11 March 2015) was a German scholar of <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cult_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult (religion)">cult</a>. </p><p>A professor of classics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a>, Switzerland, he taught in the UK and the US. He has influenced generations of students of religion since the 1960s, combining in the modern way the findings of archaeology and <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigraphy</a> with the work of poets, historians, and philosophers. He was a member of both the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He published books on the balance between lore and science among the followers of <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a>, and more extensively on ritual and archaic cult survival, on the ritual killing at the heart of religion, on mystery religions, and on the reception in the <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Hellenic</a> world of <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian culture">Persian culture</a>, which sets Greek religion in its wider Aegean and Near Eastern context. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burkert was born in <a href="/wiki/Neuendettelsau" title="Neuendettelsau">Neuendettelsau</a>. He married Maria Bosch in 1957 and they had three children, Reinhard, Andrea and Cornelius. He died on 11 March 2015 in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_academic_era">First academic era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First academic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He studied classical <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a>, history, and philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Erlangen%E2%80%93Nuremberg" title="University of Erlangen–Nuremberg">Universities of Erlangen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Munich</a> (1950–1954), and obtained his doctorate in philosophy at Erlangen in 1955. Following his marriage, he became an assistant in course teaching at Erlangen for five years (1957–1961) and, then returned to his former university as lecturer for another five years (until 1966). From early 1965 he worked as a junior fellow in the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Hellenic_Studies" title="Center for Hellenic Studies">Center for Hellenic Studies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> for one year. The first academic era of his life ended with a placement as professor of classical philology at <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Universität Berlin</a> (1966–1969), and as guest professor at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> for a year (1968). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_academic_era">Second academic era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second academic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The start of a new era began in 1981 when his work of ancient Greek religious anthropology, <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_Necans" title="Homo Necans">Homo Necans</a></i> (1972), was published in an Italian translation, followed in 1983 by an English translation. The book is today considered an outstanding account of concepts in Greek religion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was professor of classical philology at the University of Zurich (1969–1996); visiting professor of classical literature at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> for two years (1977 and 1988); lecturer at Harvard in 1982; dean of the philosophical faculty I at Zürich (1986–1988); and presented the <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Lectures" title="Gifford Lectures">Gifford Lectures</a> at the University of St Andrews in Scotland (1989). After holding these posts and receiving numerous honorary awards (including, in 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Balzan_Prize" title="Balzan Prize">Balzan Prize</a> for the Study of the Ancient World), he retired as an emeritus in 1996. He died in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, aged 84. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_works">Academic works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three of his most important academic works (a selection from seventeen books and two hundred essays, including encyclopedia contributions and memorabilia), which are still at the base of the study of Hellenic religion, are <i>Homo Necans</i> (1972, English 1983), <i>Greek Religion</i> (1977, English 1985), and <i>Ancient Mystery Cults</i> (1982 lectures, published 1987). </p><p>In his preface to the English translation of <i>Homo Necans</i> Burkert, who characterised himself on this occasion as "a <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philologist</a> who starts from ancient Greek texts and attempts to find biological, psychological and sociological explanations for religious phenomena",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expressed some of the principles underlying a book that had seemed somewhat revolutionary to German readers in 1972 in its consistent application of inter-relationships of myth and ritual, the application to texts of the kind of functionalism espoused in <a href="/wiki/Jane_Ellen_Harrison" title="Jane Ellen Harrison">Jane Ellen Harrison</a>'s <i>Themis</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the use of structuralism to elucidate an <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethology</a> of Greek religion, its social aspect. Burkert confirmed that an impetus for his book had come from <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/On_Aggression" title="On Aggression">On Aggression</a></i>, "which seemed to offer new insight into the disquieting manifestations of violence." The book argues that solidarity was achieved among the Greeks through a sacred crime with due reparations: "for the strange prominence of animal slaughter in ancient religion this still seems to be the most economical, and most humane explanation" (p. xv). Its first chapter "Sacrifice as an Act of Killing" offers conclusions that are supported in the ensuing chapters through individual inquiries into myth, festival and ritual, in which the role of poetic creation and re-creation are set aside "in order to confront the power and effect of tradition as fully as possible". The term <i>gods</i>, Burkert concludes, remains fluid, whereas sacrifice is a <i>fact</i> (p. xv). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burkert's_theory_of_sacrificial_ritual"><span id="Burkert.27s_theory_of_sacrificial_ritual"></span>Burkert's theory of sacrificial ritual</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Burkert's theory of sacrificial ritual"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, Burkert used ancient sources (both literary and visual representations) to put together some of the pieces of how ancient Greek sacrificial ritual actually proceeded, and to link together the ritual with myth. Firstly, under the direction of the priest, priestess, father, mother (at least, in certain women's rites like <a href="/wiki/Thesmophoria" title="Thesmophoria">Thesmophoria</a>), or king, a basket containing the utensils and a bowl of water were placed around the altar. The participants then dipped their hands into the consecrated water, and sprinkled it on the altar, victim and offerer. Salted-barley corns from the basket were thrown on the animal's head and into the altar fire. A lock of hair from the animal is then cut and burned, libation being poured on the altar with prayer. After silence is proclaimed, the music of flutes begins and the animal is slain. The larger animals were killed with a sacrificial axe. The head is turned toward the heavens, and the throat cut. The blood then spreads on the altar and is caught in a vessel. In early literary sources such as the Homeric epics the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>, onlooking women raise a cry of worship (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ololugma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ololugma (page does not exist)">ololugma</a></i>) at this point in the <i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">ritual</a></i>. </p><p>After the animal is skinned and cut into pieces, the inner parts are tasted and shared, and a part burned on the altar with incense. The remainder is roasted and eaten by all participants present. If the entrails are of normal shape and color, it is an omen that the sacrifice is acceptable to the gods. In both the <i>Iliad</i> and <i>Odyssey</i>, as well as other early sources such as the <i>Homeric Hymn to Hermes</i>, the priest or sacrifice-leader wrapped the thigh pieces in fat and burned them on the altar. The tail and back, along with other bones and pieces with less meat left over were burned with a libation. After this procedure, it was then that the worshippers shared the roasted meal, while music and dance took place in the service of the gods. At some special festivals, there are instances where everyone in the banquet consumes hundreds of animal sacrifices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Weisheit und Wissenschaft: Studien zu Pythagoras, Philolaos und Platon</i>. Nürnberg: Hans Carl, 1962, 496 p. (<a href="/wiki/Habilitationsschrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Habilitationsschrift">Habilitationsschrift</a> Erlangen-Nürnberg University). <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674539181"><i>Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism</i></a>, trans. Edwin L. Minar, Jr. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1972. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-53918-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-53918-4">0-674-53918-4</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Homo necans: Interpretationen Altgriechischer Opferriten und Mythen</i> (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. 1972. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-003875-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-003875-7"><bdi>3-11-003875-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homo+necans%3A+Interpretationen+Altgriechischer+Opferriten+und+Mythen&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=3-11-003875-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Homo necans: Antropologia del Sacrificio Cruento nella Grecia Antica</i> (in Italian). Translated by Francesco Bertolini. Turin: Boringhieri. 1981. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-339-5114-6" title="Special:BookSources/88-339-5114-6"><bdi>88-339-5114-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homo+necans%3A+Antropologia+del+Sacrificio+Cruento+nella+Grecia+Antica&rft.place=Turin&rft.pub=Boringhieri&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=88-339-5114-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Homo necans: The Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth</i>. Translated by Peter Bing. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-03650-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-03650-6"><bdi>0-520-03650-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homo+necans%3A+The+Anthropology+of+Ancient+Greek+Sacrificial+Ritual+and+Myth&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-520-03650-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><i>Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche</i>. Stuttgart, 1977. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674362819"><i>Greek Religion</i></a>, trans. John Raffan. Harvard University Press, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-36280-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-36280-2">0-674-36280-2</a>. This has been widely accepted as a standard work in the field.</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=APcX1KKHF9wC"><i>Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1979. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-03771-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-03771-5"><bdi>0-520-03771-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Structure+and+History+in+Greek+Mythology+and+Ritual&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-520-03771-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAPcX1KKHF9wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Die orientalisierende Epoche in der griechischen Religion und Literatur</i>. Heidelberg, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-533-03528-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-533-03528-X">3-533-03528-X</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age</i>. trans. Margaret E. Pinder. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1992. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-64363-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-64363-1"><bdi>0-674-64363-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orientalizing+Revolution%3A+Near+Eastern+Influence+on+Greek+Culture+in+the+Early+Archaic+Age&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-674-64363-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674033870"><i>Ancient Mystery Cults</i></a>. Harvard University Press, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-03386-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-03386-8">0-674-03386-8</a>, Based on his Jackson Lectures at Harvard, 1982.</li> <li><i>Klassisches Altertum und antikes Christentum</i>. Berlin, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-015543-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-015543-5">3-11-015543-5</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674175709"><i>Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions</i></a>. Harvard University Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-17569-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-17569-7">0-674-17569-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Savage Energies: Lessons of Myth and Ritual in Ancient Greece</i>. trans. Peter Bing. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-08085-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-08085-4"><bdi>0-226-08085-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Savage+Energies%3A+Lessons+of+Myth+and+Ritual+in+Ancient+Greece&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-226-08085-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></li> <li><i>Die Griechen und der Orient</i>. Munich, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-50247-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-50247-4">3-406-50247-4</a>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674023994"><i>Babylon, Memphis, Persepolis: Eastern Contexts of Greek Culture</i></a>. Harvard University Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01489-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01489-8">0-674-01489-8</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Articles by Walter Burkert</dt></dl> <ul><li>“Das hunderttorige <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Egypt)">Theben</a> und die Datierung der <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Ilias</a>”, <i>Wiener Studien</i> 89 (1976): 5–21.</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/Cynaethus" title="Cynaethus">Kynaithos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polycrates" title="Polycrates">Polycrates</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymn to Apollo</a>”, in <i>Arktouros: Hellenic studies presented to B. M. W. Knox</i>. Eds. G. W. Bowersock, W. Burkert & M. C. J. Putnam. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1979, pp. 53–62.</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> between East and West or how to date the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>: A study in <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>”, in <i>The Ages of Homer: a Tribute to <a href="/wiki/Emily_Vermeule" title="Emily Vermeule">Emily Townsend Vermeule</a></i>, eds. Jane B. Carter & Sarah P. Morris. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995, pp. 139–148.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery religion">Mystery religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potnia_Theron" title="Potnia Theron">Potnia Theron</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Walter+Burkert&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DWalter%2BBurkert%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/walter-burkert">"Walter Burkert"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Walter+Burkert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fwalter-burkert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Burkert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/walter-burkert-classical-scholar-whose-fascinating-books-on-greek-mythology-and-religion-were-packed-with-fresh-insight-10287963.html">Walter Burkert: Classical scholar whose fascinating books on religion were packed with fresh insight</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Introduction, p. xix. Burkert's stress is actually sociological and scarcely biological.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison's <i>Themis</i> is specifically instanced, p. xiii.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Burkert&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216033104/http://www.klphs.uzh.ch/aboutus/personen/burkert.html">Walter Burkert, Emeritus Professor for Classical Philology (includes complete bibliography)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Friedrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Friedrich (page does not exist)">Hugo Friedrich</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Portmann" title="Adolf Portmann">Adolf Portmann</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Staiger" title="Emil Staiger">Emil Staiger</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Snell" title="Bruno Snell">Bruno Snell</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Kraft" title="Werner Kraft">Werner Kraft</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_Wolf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik Wolf (page does not exist)">Erik Wolf</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Busch_(art_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Busch (art historian) (page does not exist)">Günter Busch</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bloch" title="Ernst Bloch">Ernst Bloch</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Weinrich" title="Harald Weinrich">Harald Weinrich</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siegfried_Melchinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siegfried Melchinger (page does not exist)">Siegfried Melchinger</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Hans-Georg Gadamer</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Blumenberg" title="Hans Blumenberg">Hans Blumenberg</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Fritz" title="Kurt von Fritz">Kurt von Fritz</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arno_Borst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arno Borst (page does not exist)">Arno Borst</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Graf_Kielmansegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Graf Kielmansegg (page does not exist)">Peter Graf Kielmansegg</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_Marquard" title="Odo Marquard">Odo Marquard</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Heimpel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Heimpel (page does not exist)">Hermann Heimpel</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmut_von_Hentig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmut von Hentig (page does not exist)">Hartmut von Hentig</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ebeling" title="Gerhard Ebeling">Gerhard Ebeling</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker">Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf">Ralf Dahrendorf</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Killy" title="Walther Killy">Walther Killy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hofmann_(art_historian)" title="Werner Hofmann (art historian)">Werner Hofmann</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Anders" title="Günther Anders">Günther Anders</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Miller" title="Norbert Miller">Norbert Miller</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G%C3%BClke" title="Peter Gülke">Peter Gülke</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Seibt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Seibt (page does not exist)">Gustav Seibt</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Wapnewski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Wapnewski (page does not exist)">Peter Wapnewski</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Parin" title="Paul Parin">Paul Parin</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilse_Grubrich-Simitis" title="Ilse Grubrich-Simitis">Ilse Grubrich-Simitis</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhart_Koselleck" title="Reinhart Koselleck">Reinhart Koselleck</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Flasch" title="Kurt Flasch">Kurt Flasch</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Bredekamp" title="Horst Bredekamp">Horst Bredekamp</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Heinrich" title="Klaus Heinrich">Klaus Heinrich</a> (2002)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Burkert</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schl%C3%B6gel" title="Karl Schlögel">Karl Schlögel</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Peter Sloterdijk</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fried" title="Johannes Fried">Johannes Fried</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_H._Reichholf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef H. Reichholf (page does not exist)">Josef H. Reichholf</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Hagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Hagner (page does not exist)">Michael Hagner</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Voss" title="Julia Voss">Julia Voss</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Giuliani" title="Luca Giuliani">Luca Giuliani</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Esch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Esch (page does not exist)">Arnold Esch</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst-Wolfgang_B%C3%B6ckenf%C3%B6rde" title="Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde">Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelika_Neuwirth" title="Angelika Neuwirth">Angelika Neuwirth</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Osterhammel" title="Jürgen Osterhammel">Jürgen Osterhammel</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eisenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Eisenberg (page does not exist)">Peter Eisenberg</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Assmann" title="Jan Assmann">Jan Assmann</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stollberg-Rilinger" title="Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger">Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Kemp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Kemp (page does not exist)">Wolfgang Kemp</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Macho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Macho (page does not exist)">Thomas Macho</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_Frevert" title="Ute Frevert">Ute Frevert</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wolf" title="Hubert Wolf">Hubert Wolf</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iris_D%C3%A4rmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iris Därmann (page does not exist)">Iris Därmann</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_D%C3%A4rmann" class="extiw" title="de:Iris Därmann">de</a>]</span> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Glaubrecht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias Glaubrecht (page does not exist)">Matthias Glaubrecht</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Glaubrecht" class="extiw" title="de:Matthias Glaubrecht">de</a>]</span> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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