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id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 October Revolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_of_Cambridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Cambridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 University of Cambridge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Cambridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Berlin_(1922–1937)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berlin_(1922–1937)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Berlin (1922–1937) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berlin_(1922–1937)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France_(1937–1940)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_(1937–1940)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 France (1937–1940) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_(1937–1940)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_York_City_(1940–1941)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_City_(1940–1941)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 New York City (1940–1941) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_City_(1940–1941)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wellesley_College_(1941–1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wellesley_College_(1941–1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Wellesley College (1941–1948) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wellesley_College_(1941–1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cornell_University_(1948–1959)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cornell_University_(1948–1959)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Cornell University (1948–1959) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cornell_University_(1948–1959)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montreux_(1961–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montreux_(1961–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Montreux (1961–1977) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montreux_(1961–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_reception_and_writing_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception_and_writing_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Critical reception and writing style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception_and_writing_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cornell_University_lectures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cornell_University_lectures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Cornell University lectures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cornell_University_lectures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Influence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Influence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entomology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entomology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Entomology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entomology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Politics and views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics and views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Russian politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 American politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_women_writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_women_writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Views on women writers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_women_writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synesthesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synesthesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Synesthesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synesthesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sleep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Sleep </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Chess problems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 List of works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Biography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Media adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entomology_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entomology_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Entomology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entomology_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Vladimir Nabokov</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" > 112 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81" title="فلاديمير نابوكوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلاديمير نابوكوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Набоков, Владимир Владимирович – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Набоков, Владимир Владимирович" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81" title="ولادیمیر ناباکوف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ولادیمیر ناباکوف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AD" title="ভ্লাদিমির নাবোকভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভ্লাদিমির নাবোকভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Набоков Владимир Владимирович – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Набоков Владимир Владимирович" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Уладзімір Уладзіміравіч Набокаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уладзімір Уладзіміравіч Набокаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Уладзімер Набокаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уладзімер Набокаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5" title="व्लादीमिर नाबोकव – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="व्लादीमिर नाबोकव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Набоков – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Владимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADmir_Nab%C3%B3kov" title="Vladímir Nabókov – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vladímir Nabókov" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%81_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Βλαντίμιρ Ναμπόκοφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βλαντίμιρ Ναμπόκοφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81" title="ولادیمیر نابوکوف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولادیمیر نابوکوف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EB%82%98%EB%B3%B4%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84" title="블라디미르 나보코프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블라디미르 나보코프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Վլադիմիր Նաբոկով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վլադիմիր Նաբոկով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5" title="व्लदीमिर नाबोकोव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्लदीमिर नाबोकोव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADm%C3%ADr_Nabokov" title="Vladímír Nabokov – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vladímír Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91" title="ולדימיר נבוקוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ולדימיר נבוקוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ვლადიმერ ნაბოკოვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვლადიმერ ნაბოკოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Владимирович Набоков – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Владимир Владимирович Набоков" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Набоков – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Владимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimirus_Nabokov" title="Vladimirus Nabokov – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vladimirus Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimirs_Nabokovs_(rakstnieks)" title="Vladimirs Nabokovs (rakstnieks) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vladimirs Nabokovs (rakstnieks)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimiras_Nabokovas" title="Vladimiras Nabokovas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vladimiras Nabokovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Nabokov – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Набоков – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Владимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="വ്ലാഡിമിർ നബക്കോവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്ലാഡിമിർ നബക്കോവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9" title="व्लादिमिर नाबोकोव्ह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्लादिमिर नाबोकोव्ह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ვლადიმერ ნაბოკოვი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვლადიმერ ნაბოკოვი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81" title="فلاديمير نابوكوف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلاديمير نابوكوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81" title="ولادیمیر ناباکوف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولادیمیر ناباکوف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Набоков – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Владимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD" title="भ्लादिमिर नाबोकोभ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भ्लादिमिर नाबोकोभ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B3%E3%83%95" title="ウラジーミル・ナボコフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウラジーミル・ナボコフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADmir_Nab%C3%B2kov" title="Vladímir Nabòkov – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vladímir Nabòkov" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5" title="ਵਲਾਦੀਮੀਰ ਨਾਬੋਕੋਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਲਾਦੀਮੀਰ ਨਾਬੋਕੋਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81" title="ولادیمیر نابوکوف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولادیمیر نابوکوف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81" title="ولادیمیر نابوکوف – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولادیمیر نابوکوف" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Володимир Набоков – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Володимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Набоков, Владимир Владимирович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Набоков, Владимир Владимирович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Набоков – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Владимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Nabokov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Nabokow" title="Władimir Nabokow – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Władimir Nabokow" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%A4" title="ڤلادیمیر نابۆکۆڤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤلادیمیر نابۆکۆڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Набоков – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Владимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="விளாதிமிர் நபோக்கோவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விளாதிமிர் நபோக்கோவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Набоков – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Владимир Набоков" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D" title="వ్లదీమర్ నబొకొవ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్లదీమర్ నబొకొవ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="วลาดีมีร์ นาโบคอฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วลาดีมีร์ นาโบคอฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Владимир Владимирович Набоков – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Владимир Владимирович Набоков" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Набоков Володимир Володимирович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Набоков Володимир Володимирович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vladimir Nabokov" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nabokov" redirects here. For his father, the politician, see <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dmitrievich_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov">Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov</a>. For other persons with the name, see <a href="/wiki/Nabokov_(surname)" title="Nabokov (surname)">Nabokov (surname)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is Vladimirovich and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is Nabokov.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Vladimir Nabokov</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Nabokov_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nabokov in Montreux, Switzerland, 1973"><img alt="Nabokov in Montreux, Switzerland, 1973" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vladimir_Nabokov_1973.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vladimir_Nabokov_1973.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vladimir_Nabokov_1973.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1024" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Nabokov in <a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a>, Switzerland, 1973</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru">Владимир Владимирович Набоков</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">22 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 10 April] 1899<a href="#cite_note-note1-1">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russian Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2 July 1977(1977-07-02) (aged 78) <a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Vladimir Sirin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Novelist</li><li>poet</li><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary critic">literary critic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidoptery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidoptery">entomologist</a></li><li>professor</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Russian</li><li>English</li><li>French</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> →</li><li>United States</li><li>Switzerland[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_literature" title="Contemporary literature">Contemporary</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_century_in_literature" title="20th century in literature">20th century</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">novella</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short story</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a></li><li>poetry</li><li>translation</li><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist literature">Modernism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_literature" title="Postmodern literature">postmodernism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">from 1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Employers</th><td class="infobox-data org" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Defense" title="The Defense">The Defense</a> (1930)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Despair_(novel)" title="Despair (novel)">Despair</a> (1934)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_a_Beheading" title="Invitation to a Beheading">Invitation to a Beheading</a> (1936)</li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(Nabokov_novel)" title="The Gift (Nabokov novel)">The Gift</a> (1938)</li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanter" title="The Enchanter">The Enchanter</a> (1939)</li><li>"<a href="/wiki/Signs_and_Symbols" title="Signs and Symbols">Signs and Symbols</a>" (1948)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a> (1955)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pnin_(novel)" title="Pnin (novel)">Pnin</a> (1957)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Fire" title="Pale Fire">Pale Fire</a> (1962)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a> (1936–1966)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_or_Ardor:_A_Family_Chronicle" title="Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle">Ada or Ardor</a> (1969)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ra_Nabokov" title="Véra Nabokov">Véra Nabokov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Nabokov" title="Dmitri Nabokov">Dmitri Nabokov</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Nabokov_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vladimir_Nabokov_signature.svg/150px-Vladimir_Nabokov_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vladimir_Nabokov_signature.svg/225px-Vladimir_Nabokov_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vladimir_Nabokov_signature.svg/300px-Vladimir_Nabokov_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="119" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vladimir-nabokov.org">vladimir-nabokov.org</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><hr /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/16px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/24px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov<a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a> (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Набоков <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ nɐˈbokəf]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f6\/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Nabokov.ru.vorb.oga\/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Nabokov.ru.vorb.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov.ru.vorb.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Nabokov.ru.vorb.oga/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Nabokov.ru.vorb.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Nabokov.ru.vorb.oga" title="File:Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov.ru.vorb.oga">ⓘ</a>; 22 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 10 April] 1899<a href="#cite_note-note1-1">[a]</a> – 2 July 1977), also known by the <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> Vladimir Sirin (Владимир Сирин), was a <a href="/wiki/Russian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-American">Russian-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Novelist" title="Novelist">novelist</a>, poet, translator, and <a href="/wiki/Entomologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Entomologist">entomologist</a>. Born in <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> in 1899, Nabokov wrote his first nine novels in Russian (1926–1938) while living in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, where he met <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ra_Nabokov" title="Véra Nabokov">his wife</a>. He achieved international acclaim and prominence after moving to the United States, where he began writing in English. Nabokov became an American citizen in 1945 and lived mostly on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> before returning to Europe in 1961, where he settled in <a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a>, Switzerland. From 1948 to 1959, Nabokov was a professor of Russian literature at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> His 1955 novel <a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a> ranked fourth on <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a>'s list of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library_100_Best_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Library 100 Best Novels">100 best 20th-century novels</a> in 2007 and is considered one of the greatest works of 20th-century literature.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> Nabokov's <a href="/wiki/Pale_Fire" title="Pale Fire">Pale Fire</a>, published in 1962, ranked 53rd on the same list. His memoir, <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a>, published in 1951, is considered among the greatest nonfiction works of the 20th century, placing eighth on <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>'s ranking of 20th-century works.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> Nabokov was a seven-time finalist for the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a>. He also was an expert <a href="/wiki/Lepidopterology" title="Lepidopterology">lepidopterist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">composer of chess problems</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Russia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nabokovs_arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nabokovs_arms.png/200px-Nabokovs_arms.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nabokovs_arms.png/300px-Nabokovs_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Nabokovs_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of the Nabokov family, members of an ancient <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a>, granted to them on 1 January 1798 by <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Emperor Paul I</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_N._Nabokov.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dmitry_N._Nabokov.jpeg/220px-Dmitry_N._Nabokov.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dmitry_N._Nabokov.jpeg/330px-Dmitry_N._Nabokov.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dmitry_N._Nabokov.jpeg/440px-Dmitry_N._Nabokov.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>Nabokov's grandfather Dmitry Nabokov, who was Justice Minister under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Tsar Alexander II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nabokov1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nabokov1914.jpg/220px-Nabokov1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Nabokov1914.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Nabokov's father, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dmitrievich_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov">V. D. Nabokov</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> officer's uniform, 1914</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Nabokov.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Maison_Nabokov.JPG/220px-Maison_Nabokov.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Maison_Nabokov.JPG/330px-Maison_Nabokov.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Maison_Nabokov.JPG/440px-Maison_Nabokov.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4442" data-file-height="2708" /></a><figcaption>The Nabokov family mansion in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>; today it is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Nabokov_House" title="Nabokov House">Nabokov museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rozhdestveno.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rozhdestveno.JPG/220px-Rozhdestveno.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rozhdestveno.JPG/330px-Rozhdestveno.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rozhdestveno.JPG/440px-Rozhdestveno.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>At age 16, Nabokov inherited the <a href="/wiki/Rozhdestveno_Memorial_Estate" title="Rozhdestveno Memorial Estate">Rozhdestveno estate</a> from his maternal uncle; Nabokov owned it for one year before losing it in the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>.</figcaption></figure> Nabokov was born on 22 April 1899 (10 April 1899 <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Adoption_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">Old Style</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a><a href="#cite_note-note1-1">[a]</a> to a wealthy and prominent family of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a>. His family traced its roots to the 14th-century <a href="/wiki/Tatar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar people">Tatar</a> prince Nabok <a href="/wiki/Morza" title="Morza">Murza</a>, who entered into the service of the Tsars, and from whom the family name is derived.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-RussianYears-12">[10]</a>: 16 <a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> His father was <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dmitrievich_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov">Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov</a>, a liberal lawyer, statesman, and journalist, and his mother was the heiress Yelena Ivanovna née Rukavishnikova, the granddaughter of a millionaire <a href="/wiki/Gold-mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold-mine">gold-mine</a> owner. His father was a leader of the pre-Revolutionary liberal <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party" title="Constitutional Democratic Party">Constitutional Democratic Party</a>, and wrote numerous books and articles about criminal law and politics.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> His cousins included the composer <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Nabokov" title="Nicolas Nabokov">Nicolas Nabokov</a>. His paternal grandfather, Dmitry Nabokov, was Russia's Justice Minister during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a>. His paternal grandmother was the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic German</a> Baroness Maria von Korff. Through his father, he was a descendant of the composer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Heinrich_Graun" title="Carl Heinrich Graun">Carl Heinrich Graun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Vladimir was the family's eldest and favorite child. He had four younger siblings: <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Nabokov" title="Sergey Nabokov">Sergey</a>, Olga, Elena, and Kirill. Sergey was killed in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945 after publicly denouncing Hitler's regime. Writer <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a> recalled Olga (her close friend at Stoiunina Gymnasium) as a supporter of constitutional monarchy who first awakened Rand's interest in politics.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> Elena, who in later years became Vladimir's favorite sibling, published her correspondence with him in 1985. She was an important source for Nabokov's biographers. Nabokov spent his childhood and youth in Saint Petersburg and at the country estate Vyra near <a href="/wiki/Siverskaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Siverskaya">Siverskaya</a>, south of the city. His childhood, which he called "perfect" and "cosmopolitan", was remarkable in several ways. The family spoke Russian, English, and French in their household, and Nabokov was trilingual from an early age. He related that the first English book his mother read to him was Misunderstood, by <a href="/wiki/Florence_Montgomery" title="Florence Montgomery">Florence Montgomery</a>. Much to his patriotic father's disappointment, Nabokov could read and write in English before he could in Russian. In his memoir <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Nabokov recalls numerous details of his privileged childhood. His ability to recall his past in vivid detail was a boon to him during his permanent exile, providing a theme that runs from his first book, <a href="/wiki/Mary_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (novel)">Mary</a>, to later works such as <a href="/wiki/Ada_or_Ardor:_A_Family_Chronicle" title="Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle">Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle</a>. While the family was nominally <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a>, it had little religious fervor. Vladimir was not forced to attend church after he lost interest. In 1916, Nabokov inherited the estate <a href="/wiki/Rozhdestveno_Memorial_Estate" title="Rozhdestveno Memorial Estate">Rozhdestveno</a>, next to Vyra, from his uncle Vasily Ivanovich Rukavishnikov ("Uncle Ruka" in <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a>). He lost it in the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> one year later; this was the only house he ever owned.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Nabokov's adolescence was the period in which he made his first serious literary endeavors. In 1916, he published his first book, Stikhi (Poems), a collection of 68 Russian poems. At the time he was attending Tenishev school in Saint Petersburg, where his literature teacher Vladimir Vasilievich Gippius had criticized his literary accomplishments. Some time after the publication of Stikhi, <a href="/wiki/Zinaida_Gippius" title="Zinaida Gippius">Zinaida Gippius</a>, renowned poet and first cousin of his teacher, told Nabokov's father at a social event, "Please tell your son that he will never be a writer."<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> After the 1917 <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a>, Nabokov's father became a secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_Revolution">October Revolution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: October Revolution">edit</a>]</div> After the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, the family fled the city for Crimea, at first not expecting to be away for very long. They lived at a friend's estate and in September 1918 moved to <a href="/wiki/Livadiya,_Crimea" title="Livadiya, Crimea">Livadiya</a>, at the time under the separatist <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Regional_Government" title="Crimean Regional Government">Crimean Regional Government</a>, in which Nabokov's father became a minister of justice. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Cambridge">University of Cambridge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: University of Cambridge">edit</a>]</div> After the withdrawal of the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(German_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (German Empire)">German Army</a> in November 1918 and the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> in early 1919, the Nabokovs sought exile in western Europe, along with other Russian refugees. They settled briefly in England, where Nabokov gained admittance to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, one of the world's most prestigious universities, where he attended <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a> and studied <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>. His examination results on the first part of the <a href="/wiki/Tripos" title="Tripos">Tripos</a> exam, taken at the end of his second year, were a <a href="/wiki/Starred_first" class="mw-redirect" title="Starred first">starred first</a>. He took the second part of the exam in his fourth year just after his father's death, and feared he might fail it. But his exam was marked <a href="/wiki/Second_class_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Second class honours">second-class</a>. His final examination result also ranked second-class, and his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> was conferred in 1922. Nabokov later drew on his Cambridge experiences to write several works, including the novels <a href="/wiki/Glory_(Nabokov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glory (Nabokov novel)">Glory</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Life_of_Sebastian_Knight" title="The Real Life of Sebastian Knight">The Real Life of Sebastian Knight</a>. At Cambridge, one journalist wrote in 2014, "the coats-of-arms on the windows of his room protected him from the cold and from the melancholy over the recent loss of his country. It was in this city, in his moments of solitude, accompanied by King Lear, Le Morte d'Arthur, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde or Ulysses, that Nabokov made the firm decision to become a Russian writer."<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berlin_(1922–1937)">Berlin (1922–1937)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Berlin (1922–1937)">edit</a>]</div> In 1920, Nabokov's family moved to Berlin, where his father set up the émigré newspaper Rul' ("Rudder"). Nabokov followed them to Berlin two years later, after completing his studies at Cambridge. In March 1922, Russian monarchists <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Shabelsky-Bork" title="Pyotr Shabelsky-Bork">Pyotr Shabelsky-Bork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Taboritsky" title="Sergey Taboritsky">Sergey Taboritsky</a> shot and killed Nabokov's father in Berlin as he was shielding their target, <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Milyukov" title="Pavel Milyukov">Pavel Milyukov</a>, a leader of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party" title="Constitutional Democratic Party">Constitutional Democratic Party</a>-in-exile. Shortly after his father's death, Nabokov's mother and sister moved to Prague. Nabokov drew upon his father's death repeatedly in his fiction. On one interpretation of his novel <a href="/wiki/Pale_Fire" title="Pale Fire">Pale Fire</a>, an assassin kills the poet John Shade when his target is a fugitive European monarch. Nabokov stayed in Berlin, where he had become a recognised poet and writer in Russian within the émigré community; he published under the nom de plume V. Sirin (a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Sirin" title="Sirin">fabulous bird</a> of Russian folklore). To supplement his scant writing income, he taught languages and gave tennis and boxing lessons.<a href="#cite_note-MA-21">[19]</a> Dieter E. Zimmer has written of Nabokov's 15 Berlin years, "he never became fond of Berlin, and at the end intensely disliked it. He lived within the lively Russian community of Berlin that was more or less self-sufficient, staying on after it had disintegrated because he had nowhere else to go to. He knew little German. He knew few Germans except for landladies, shopkeepers, and immigration officials at the police headquarters."<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marriage">Marriage</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriage">edit</a>]</div> In 1922, Nabokov became engaged to Svetlana Siewert, but she broke the engagement off early in 1923 when her parents worried whether he could provide for her.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> In May 1923, he met <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ra_Evseyevna_Slonim" class="mw-redirect" title="Véra Evseyevna Slonim">Véra Evseyevna Slonim</a>, a Russian-Jewish woman, at a charity ball in Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-MA-21">[19]</a> They married in April 1925.<a href="#cite_note-MA-21">[19]</a> Their only child, <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Nabokov" title="Dmitri Nabokov">Dmitri</a>, was born in 1934. In the course of 1936, Véra lost her job because of the increasingly antisemitic environment; <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Taboritsky" title="Sergey Taboritsky">Sergey Taboritsky</a> was appointed deputy head of Germany's Russian-émigré bureau; and Nabokov began seeking a job in the English-speaking world. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_(1937–1940)">France (1937–1940)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: France (1937–1940)">edit</a>]</div> In 1937, Nabokov left Germany for France, where he had a short affair with Irina Guadanini, also a Russian émigrée. His family followed him to France, making en route their last visit to <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, then spent time in <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cap_d%27Antibes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap d'Antibes">Cap d'Antibes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus" title="Fréjus">Fréjus</a>, finally settling in Paris. This city also had a Russian émigré community. In 1939, in Paris, Nabokov wrote the 55-page novella <a href="/wiki/The_Enchanter" title="The Enchanter">The Enchanter</a>, his final work of Russian fiction.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> He later called it "the first little throb of Lolita."<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> In May 1940, the Nabokovs fled the advancing German troops, reaching the United States via the <a href="/wiki/SS_Champlain" title="SS Champlain">SS Champlain</a>. Nabokov's brother Sergei did not leave France, and he died at the <a href="/wiki/Neuengamme_concentration_camp" title="Neuengamme concentration camp">Neuengamme concentration camp</a> on 9 January 1945.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:957_East_State_St_Ithaca_NY_NabokovHome1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/957_East_State_St_Ithaca_NY_NabokovHome1953.jpg/220px-957_East_State_St_Ithaca_NY_NabokovHome1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/957_East_State_St_Ithaca_NY_NabokovHome1953.jpg/330px-957_East_State_St_Ithaca_NY_NabokovHome1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/957_East_State_St_Ithaca_NY_NabokovHome1953.jpg/440px-957_East_State_St_Ithaca_NY_NabokovHome1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>957 East State Street, <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York</a>, where Nabokov lived with his family while teaching at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_York_City_(1940–1941)">New York City (1940–1941)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New York City (1940–1941)">edit</a>]</div> The Nabokovs settled in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, and Vladimir began volunteer work as an <a href="/wiki/Entomologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Entomologist">entomologist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wellesley_College_(1941–1948)">Wellesley College (1941–1948)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wellesley College (1941–1948)">edit</a>]</div> Nabokov joined the staff of <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> in 1941 as resident lecturer in <a href="/wiki/Comparative_literature" title="Comparative literature">comparative literature</a>. The position, created specifically for him, provided an income and free time to write creatively and pursue his <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidoptery">lepidoptery</a>. Nabokov is remembered as the founder of Wellesley's Russian department. The Nabokovs resided in <a href="/wiki/Wellesley,_Massachusetts" title="Wellesley, Massachusetts">Wellesley, Massachusetts</a>, during the 1941–42 academic year. In September 1942, they moved to nearby <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, where they lived until June 1948. Following a lecture tour through the United States, Nabokov returned to Wellesley for the 1944–45 academic year as a lecturer in Russian. In 1945, he became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizen</a> of the United States. He served through the 1947–48 term as Wellesley's one-man Russian department, offering courses in Russian language and literature. His classes were popular, due as much to his unique teaching style as to the wartime interest in all things Russian.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] At the same time he was the de facto curator of lepidoptery at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comparative_Zoology" title="Museum of Comparative Zoology">Museum of Comparative Zoology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cornell_University_(1948–1959)">Cornell University (1948–1959)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cornell University (1948–1959)">edit</a>]</div> After being encouraged by <a href="/wiki/Morris_Bishop" title="Morris Bishop">Morris Bishop</a>, Nabokov left Wellesley in 1948 to teach Russian and European literature at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, where he taught until 1959. Among his students at Cornell was future <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a>, who later identified Nabokov as a major influence on her development as a writer.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> Nabokov wrote <a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a> while traveling on the butterfly-collection trips in the western U.S. that he undertook every summer. Véra acted as "secretary, typist, editor, proofreader, translator and bibliographer; his agent, business manager, legal counsel and chauffeur; his research assistant, teaching assistant and professorial understudy"; when Nabokov attempted to burn unfinished drafts of Lolita, Véra stopped him. He called her the best-humored woman he had ever known.<a href="#cite_note-MA-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> In June 1953, Nabokov and his family went to <a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Oregon" title="Ashland, Oregon">Ashland, Oregon</a>. There he finished Lolita and began writing the novel <a href="/wiki/Pnin_(novel)" title="Pnin (novel)">Pnin</a>. He roamed the nearby mountains looking for butterflies, and wrote a poem called Lines Written in Oregon. On 1 October 1953, he and his family returned to Ithaca, where he later taught the young writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-medfordmail-32">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montreux_(1961–1977)">Montreux (1961–1977)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Montreux (1961–1977)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nabokov%27s_grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nabokov%27s_grave.JPG/220px-Nabokov%27s_grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nabokov%27s_grave.JPG/330px-Nabokov%27s_grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nabokov%27s_grave.JPG/440px-Nabokov%27s_grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Nabokovs' gravesite at Cimetière de <a href="/wiki/Clarens,_Switzerland" title="Clarens, Switzerland">Clarens</a> near <a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a>, Switzerland</figcaption></figure> After the great financial success of Lolita, Nabokov returned to Europe and devoted himself to writing. In 1961, he and Véra moved to the <a href="/wiki/Fairmont_Le_Montreux_Palace" title="Fairmont Le Montreux Palace">Montreux Palace Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a>, Switzerland, where he remained until the end of his life.<a href="#cite_note-theparisreview.org-33">[31]</a> From his sixth-floor quarters, he conducted his business and took tours to the Alps, Corsica, and Sicily to hunt butterflies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Nabokov died of bronchitis on 2 July 1977 in Montreux.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> His remains were cremated and buried at <a href="/wiki/Clarens,_Switzerland" title="Clarens, Switzerland">Clarens</a> cemetery in Montreux.<a href="#cite_note-GarlandC-36">[34]</a>: xxix–l  At the time of his death, he was working on a novel titled <a href="/wiki/The_Original_of_Laura" title="The Original of Laura">The Original of Laura</a>. Véra and Dmitri, who were entrusted with Nabokov's <a href="/wiki/Literary_executor" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary executor">literary executorship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MA-21">[19]</a> ignored Nabokov's request to burn the incomplete manuscript and published it in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov_bibliography" title="Vladimir Nabokov bibliography">Vladimir Nabokov bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_reception_and_writing_style">Critical reception and writing style</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Critical reception and writing style">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Nabokov_1960s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vladimir_Nabokov_1960s.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1960s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vladimir_Nabokov_1960s.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1960s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vladimir_Nabokov_1960s.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1960s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption>Nabokov in the 1960s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Nabokov_1973b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vladimir_Nabokov_1973b.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1973b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vladimir_Nabokov_1973b.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1973b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vladimir_Nabokov_1973b.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Nabokov_1973b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption>Nabokov in 1973</figcaption></figure> Nabokov is known as one of the leading prose stylists of the 20th century; his first writings were in Russian, but he achieved his greatest fame with the novels he wrote in English. As a trilingual (also writing in French, see <a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_O" title="Mademoiselle O">Mademoiselle O</a>) master, he has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a>, but Nabokov disliked both the comparison and Conrad's work. He lamented to the critic <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Wilson" title="Edmund Wilson">Edmund Wilson</a>, "I am too old to change Conradically"—which <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> later called "itself a jest of genius". This lament came in 1941, when Nabokov had been an apprentice American for less than one year.<a href="#cite_note-Bunny-40">[38]</a>: 50  <a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> Later, in a November 1950 letter to Wilson, Nabokov offers a solid, non-comic appraisal: "Conrad knew how to handle readymade English better than I; but I know better the other kind. He never sinks to the depths of my <a href="/wiki/Solecisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Solecisms">solecisms</a>, but neither does he scale my verbal peaks."<a href="#cite_note-Bunny-40">[38]</a>: 282  Nabokov translated many of his own early works into English, sometimes in collaboration with his son, Dmitri. His trilingual upbringing had a profound influence on his art.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Nabokov himself translated into Russian two books he originally wrote in English, Conclusive Evidence and Lolita. The "translation" of Conclusive Evidence was made because Nabokov felt that the English version was imperfect. Writing the book, he noted that he needed to translate his own memories into English and to spend time explaining things that are well known in Russia; he decided to rewrite the book in his native language before making the final version, <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a> (Nabokov first wanted to name it "Speak, <a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a>"). Of translating Lolita, Nabokov writes, "I imagined that in some distant future somebody might produce a Russian version of Lolita. I trained my inner telescope upon that particular point in the distant future and I saw that every paragraph, pock-marked as it is with pitfalls, could lend itself to hideous mistranslation. In the hands of a harmful drudge, the Russian version of Lolita would be entirely degraded and botched by vulgar paraphrases or blunders. So I decided to translate it myself."<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> Nabokov was a proponent of <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a>, and rejected concepts and ideologies that curtailed individual freedom and expression, such as <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarianism</a> in its various forms, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GarlandC-36">[34]</a>: 412ff  <a href="/wiki/Poshlost" title="Poshlost">Poshlost</a>, or as he transcribed it, poshlust, is disdained and frequently mocked in his works.<a href="#cite_note-GarlandC-36">[34]</a>: 628ff  Nabokov's creative processes involved writing sections of text on hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Index_card" title="Index card">index cards</a>, which he expanded into paragraphs and chapters and rearranged to form the structure of his novels, a process that many screenwriters later adopted.<a href="#cite_note-theparisreview.org-33">[31]</a> Nabokov published under the pseudonym Vladimir Sirin in the 1920s to 1940s, occasionally to mask his identity from critics.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_obit-43">[41]</a> He also makes cameo appearances in some of his novels, such as the character Vivian Darkbloom (an <a href="/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">anagram</a> of "Vladimir Nabokov"), who appears in both Lolita and Ada, or Ardor, and the character Blavdak Vinomori (another anagram of Nabokov's name) in King, Queen, Knave. Sirin is referenced as a different émigré author in his memoir and is also referenced in Pnin. Nabokov is noted for his complex plots, clever <a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">word play</a>, daring metaphors, and prose style capable of both parody and intense lyricism.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He gained both fame and notoriety with Lolita (1955), which recounts a grown man's consuming passion for a 12-year-old girl. This and his other novels, particularly <a href="/wiki/Pale_Fire" title="Pale Fire">Pale Fire</a> (1962), won him a place among the greatest novelists of the 20th century. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] His longest novel, which met with a mixed response, is <a href="/wiki/Ada_or_Ardor:_A_Family_Chronicle" title="Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle">Ada</a> (1969). He devoted more time to the composition of it than to any other. Nabokov's fiction is characterized by linguistic playfulness. For example, his short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Vane_Sisters" title="The Vane Sisters">The Vane Sisters</a>" is famous in part for its <a href="/wiki/Acrostic" title="Acrostic">acrostic</a> final paragraph, in which the first letters of each word spell out a message from beyond the grave. Another of his short stories, "<a href="/wiki/Signs_and_Symbols" title="Signs and Symbols">Signs and Symbols</a>", features a character suffering from an imaginary illness called "Referential Mania", in which the affected perceives a world of environmental objects exchanging coded messages.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> Nabokov's stature as a literary critic is founded largely on his four-volume translation of and commentary on <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Onegin" title="Eugene Onegin">Eugene Onegin</a> published in 1964. The commentary ends with an appendix titled <a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Prosody" title="Notes on Prosody">Notes on Prosody</a>, which has developed a reputation of its own. It stemmed from his observation that while Pushkin's <a href="/wiki/Iambic_tetrameter" title="Iambic tetrameter">iambic tetrameters</a> had been a part of <a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Russian literature</a> for a fairly short two centuries, they were clearly understood by the Russian prosodists. On the other hand, he viewed the much older English iambic tetrameters as muddled and poorly documented. In his own words:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I have been forced to invent a simple little terminology of my own, explain its application to English verse forms, and indulge in certain rather copious details of classification before even tackling the limited object of these notes to my translation of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, an object that boils down to very little—in comparison to the forced preliminaries—namely, to a few things that the non-Russian student of Russian literature must know in regard to Russian prosody in general and to Eugene Onegin in particular.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cornell_University_lectures">Cornell University lectures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cornell University lectures">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lolita.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lolita.png/208px-Lolita.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lolita.png/312px-Lolita.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lolita.png/416px-Lolita.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption>Vladimir Nabokov "Lolita", cover picture : Hugo Heikenwaelder, Edition ARTEMISIA, 1999</figcaption></figure> Nabokov's lectures at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, as collected in Lectures on Literature, reveal his controversial ideas concerning art.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> He firmly believed that novels should not aim to teach and that readers should not merely empathize with characters but that a 'higher' aesthetic enjoyment should be attained, partly by paying great attention to details of style and structure. He detested what he saw as 'general ideas' in novels, and so when teaching <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a>, for example, he would insist students keep an eye on where the characters were in Dublin (with the aid of a map) rather than teaching the complex Irish history that many critics see as being essential to an understanding of the novel.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> In 2010, Kitsch magazine, a student publication at Cornell, published a piece that focused on student reflections on his lectures and also explored Nabokov's long relationship with <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Nabokov also wanted his students to describe the details of the novels rather than a narrative of the story and was very strict when it came to grading. As <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jay_Epstein" title="Edward Jay Epstein">Edward Jay Epstein</a> described his experience in Nabokov's classes, Nabokov made it clear from the first lectures that he had little interest in fraternizing with students, who would be known not by their name but by their seat number.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_Nabokov_Montreux_23.12.2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Monument_Nabokov_Montreux_23.12.2006.jpg/220px-Monument_Nabokov_Montreux_23.12.2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Monument_Nabokov_Montreux_23.12.2006.jpg/330px-Monument_Nabokov_Montreux_23.12.2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Monument_Nabokov_Montreux_23.12.2006.jpg/440px-Monument_Nabokov_Montreux_23.12.2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2496" /></a><figcaption>Monument of Nabokov in <a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 230px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?122549-1/nabokov-centenary-celebration">Nabokov Centenary Celebration hosted by New Yorker magazine, April 15, 1999</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Russian literary critic <a href="/wiki/Yuly_Aykhenvald" title="Yuly Aykhenvald">Yuly Aykhenvald</a> was an early admirer of Nabokov, citing in particular his ability to imbue objects with life: "he saturates trivial things with life, sense and psychology and gives a mind to objects; his refined senses notice colorations and nuances, smells and sounds, and everything acquires an unexpected meaning and truth under his gaze and through his words."<a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain-49">[47]</a> The critic <a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(critic)" title="James Wood (critic)">James Wood</a> argues that Nabokov's use of descriptive detail proved an "overpowering, and not always very fruitful, influence on two or three generations after him", including authors such as <a href="/wiki/Martin_Amis" title="Martin Amis">Martin Amis</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> While a student at Cornell in the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a> attended several of Nabokov's lectures<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> and alluded to <a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a> in chapter six of his novel <a href="/wiki/The_Crying_of_Lot_49" title="The Crying of Lot 49">The Crying of Lot 49</a> (1966), in which Serge, countertenor in the band the Paranoids, sings: <dl><dd>What chance has a lonely surfer boy</dd> <dd>For the love of a surfer chick,</dd> <dd>With all these Humbert Humbert cats</dd> <dd>Coming on so big and sick?</dd> <dd>For me, my baby was a woman,</dd> <dd>For him she's just another nymphet.</dd></dl> Pynchon's prose style was influenced by Nabokov's preference for actualism over realism.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Of the authors who came to prominence during Nabokov's life, <a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a>,<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_White" title="Edmund White">Edmund White</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> were all influenced by him. The novelist <a href="/wiki/John_Hawkes_(novelist)" title="John Hawkes (novelist)">John Hawkes</a> took inspiration from Nabokov and considered himself his follower. Nabokov's story "Signs and Symbols" was on the reading list for Hawkes's writing students at Brown University. "A writer who truly and greatly sustains us is Vladimir Nabokov," Hawkes said in a 1964 interview.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> Several authors who came to prominence in the 1990s and 2000s have also cited Nabokov's work as a literary influence. <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Hemon" title="Aleksandar Hemon">Aleksandar Hemon</a> has acknowledged the latter's impact on his writing.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning novelist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> listed Lolita and Pale Fire among the "books that, I thought, changed my life when I read them",<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> and has said, "Nabokov's English combines aching lyricism with dispassionate precision in a way that seems to render every human emotion in all its intensity but never with an ounce of schmaltz or soggy language".<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/T._Coraghessan_Boyle" class="mw-redirect" title="T. Coraghessan Boyle">T. Coraghessan Boyle</a> has said that "Nabokov's playfulness and the ravishing beauty of his prose are ongoing influences" on his writing.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> Bilingual author and critic <a href="/wiki/Maxim_D._Shrayer" title="Maxim D. Shrayer">Maxim D. Shrayer</a>, who came to the U.S. as a refugee from the USSR, described reading Nabokov in 1987 as "my culture shock": "I was reading Nabokov and waiting for America."<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> Boston Globe book critic David Mehegan wrote that Shrayer's Waiting for America "is one of those memoirs, like Nabokov's Speak, Memory, that is more about feeling than narrative."<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> More recently, in connection with the publication of Shrayer's literary memoir Immigrant Baggage, the critic and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> biographer <a href="/wiki/David_Mikics" title="David Mikics">David Mikics</a> wrote, "Shrayer writes like Nabokov's long lost cousin."<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Nabokov appears in <a href="/wiki/W._G._Sebald" title="W. G. Sebald">W. G. Sebald</a>'s 1993 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Emigrants_(Sebald_novel)" title="The Emigrants (Sebald novel)">The Emigrants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-65">[63]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Nabokov_(crater)" title="Nabokov (crater)">crater</a> on the planet Mercury was named after Nabokov in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Adaptations">edit</a>]</div> The song cycle "Sing, Poetry" on the 2011 contemporary classical album <a href="/wiki/Troika_(Julia_Kogan_album)" title="Troika (Julia Kogan album)">Troika</a> comprises settings of Russian and English versions of three of Nabokov's poems by such composers as <a href="/wiki/Jay_Greenberg_(composer)" title="Jay Greenberg (composer)">Jay Greenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schelle" title="Michael Schelle">Michael Schelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lev_Zhurbin" title="Lev Zhurbin">Lev Zhurbin</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entomology">Entomology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Entomology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterflies_collected_by_Vladimir_Nabokov_(AMNH,_NY)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Butterflies_collected_by_Vladimir_Nabokov_%28AMNH%2C_NY%29_02.jpg/220px-Butterflies_collected_by_Vladimir_Nabokov_%28AMNH%2C_NY%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Butterflies_collected_by_Vladimir_Nabokov_%28AMNH%2C_NY%29_02.jpg/330px-Butterflies_collected_by_Vladimir_Nabokov_%28AMNH%2C_NY%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Butterflies_collected_by_Vladimir_Nabokov_%28AMNH%2C_NY%29_02.jpg/440px-Butterflies_collected_by_Vladimir_Nabokov_%28AMNH%2C_NY%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3715" data-file-height="2885" /></a><figcaption>Butterflies collected by Nabokov in California in 1941</figcaption></figure> Nabokov's interest in <a href="/wiki/Entomology" title="Entomology">entomology</a> was inspired by books by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sibylla_Merian" title="Maria Sibylla Merian">Maria Sibylla Merian</a> he found in the attic of his family's country home in Vyra.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Throughout an extensive career of collecting, he never learned to drive a car, and depended on his wife to take him to collecting sites. During the 1940s, as a research fellow in <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, he was responsible for organizing the butterfly collection of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comparative_Zoology" title="Museum of Comparative Zoology">Museum of Comparative Zoology</a>. His writings in this area were highly technical. This, combined with his specialty in the relatively unspectacular tribe <a href="/wiki/Polyommatini" title="Polyommatini">Polyommatini</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Lycaenidae" title="Lycaenidae">Lycaenidae</a>, has left this facet of his life little explored by most admirers of his literary works. He described the <a href="/wiki/Karner_blue" title="Karner blue">Karner blue</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabokovia" title="Nabokovia">Nabokovia</a> was named after him in honor of this work, as were a number of butterfly and moth species (e.g., many species in the genera <a href="/wiki/Madeleinea" title="Madeleinea">Madeleinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pseudolucia" title="Pseudolucia">Pseudolucia</a> bear epithets alluding to Nabokov or names from his novels).<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> In 1967, Nabokov commented: "The pleasures and rewards of literary inspiration are nothing beside the rapture of discovering a new organ under the microscope or an undescribed species on a mountainside in Iran or <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. It is not improbable that had there been no revolution in Russia, I would have devoted myself entirely to lepidopterology and never written any novels at all."<a href="#cite_note-theparisreview.org-33">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Harvard Museum of Natural History">Harvard Museum of Natural History</a>, which now contains the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comparative_Zoology" title="Museum of Comparative Zoology">Museum of Comparative Zoology</a>, still possesses Nabokov's "genitalia cabinet", where the author stored his collection of male blue butterfly genitalia.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-bones-70">[68]</a> "Nabokov was a serious taxonomist," says museum staff writer Nancy Pick, author of The Rarest of the Rare: Stories Behind the Treasures at the Harvard Museum of Natural History. "He actually did quite a good job at distinguishing species that you would not think were different—by looking at their genitalia under a microscope six hours a day, seven days a week, until his eyesight was permanently impaired."<a href="#cite_note-bones-70">[68]</a> Though professional lepidopterists did not take Nabokov's work seriously during his life, new genetic research supports Nabokov's hypothesis that a group of butterfly species, called the <a href="/wiki/Polyommatus" title="Polyommatus">Polyommatus</a> blues, came to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a> in five waves, eventually reaching Chile.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_views">Politics and views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Politics and views">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_politics">Russian politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Russian politics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Russia has always been a curiously unpleasant country despite her great literature. Unfortunately, Russians today have completely lost their ability to kill tyrants.<a href="#cite_note-RussianYears-12">[10]</a>: 21  </blockquote> <cite class="right-aligned" style="">– Vladimir Nabokov</cite> </div> Nabokov was a <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberal">classical liberal</a>, in the tradition of his father, a liberal statesman who served in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government,_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Provisional Government, 1917">Provisional Government</a> following the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917 as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party" title="Constitutional Democratic Party">Constitutional Democratic Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-StrongO-73">[71]</a> In Speak, Memory, Nabokov proudly recounted his father's campaigns against <a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">despotism</a> and staunch opposition to <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> Nabokov was a self-proclaimed "<a href="/wiki/White_Russian_(Russian_Civil_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Russian (Russian Civil War)">White Russian</a>",<a href="#cite_note-theparisreview.org-33">[31]</a> and was, from its inception, a strong opponent of the Soviet government that came to power following the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a> of October 1917. In a poem he wrote as a teenager in 1917, he described Lenin's <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolsheviks</a> as "grey rag-tag people".<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Throughout his life, Nabokov would remain committed to the classical liberal political philosophy of his father, and equally opposed <a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarist autocracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RussianYears-12">[10]</a>: 24–36  Nabokov's father, Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, was one of the most outspoken defenders of Jewish rights in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, continuing a family tradition that had been led by his own father, Dmitry Nabokov, who as <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Alexander_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Alexander II">Tsar Alexander II</a>'s justice minister had blocked the interior minister from passing antisemitic measures. That family strain continued in Vladimir Nabokov, who fiercely denounced antisemitism in his writings; in the 1930s, he was able to escape Hitler's Germany only with the help of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Jewish">Russian Jewish</a> émigrés who still had grateful memories of his family's defense of Jews in Tsarist times.<a href="#cite_note-RussianYears-12">[10]</a>: 24  When asked in 1969 whether he would like to revisit the land he fled in 1918, now the Soviet Union, he replied: "There's nothing to look at. New tenement houses and old churches do not interest me. The hotels there are terrible. I detest the Soviet theater. Any palace in Italy is superior to the repainted abodes of the Tsars. The village huts in the forbidden hinterland are as dismally poor as ever, and the wretched peasant flogs his wretched cart horse with the same wretched zest. As to my special northern landscape and the haunts of my childhood—well, I would not wish to contaminate their images preserved in my mind."<a href="#cite_note-StrongO-73">[71]</a>: 148  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_politics">American politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: American politics">edit</a>]</div> In the 1940s, as an émigré in America, Nabokov stressed the connection between American and English liberal democracy and the aspirations of the short-lived Russian provisional government. In 1942, he declared: "Democracy is humanity at its best ... it is the natural condition of every man ever since the human mind became conscious not only of the world but of itself."<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> During the 1960s, in both letters and interviews, he reveals a profound contempt for the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> movements, calling the protesters "conformists" and "goofy hoodlums".<a href="#cite_note-StrongO-73">[71]</a>: 139 <a href="#cite_note-larmour17-77">[75]</a> In a 1967 interview, Nabokov said that he refused to associate with supporters of Bolshevism or Tsarist autocracy but that he had "friends among intellectual constitutional monarchists as well as among intellectual <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">social revolutionaries</a>".<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> Nabokov supported the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> effort and voiced admiration for both Presidents <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-larmour17-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-pitzer_secret1-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Racism against African-Americans appalled Nabokov, who touted <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>'s multiracial background as an argument against segregation.<a href="#cite_note-pitzer_secret1-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_women_writers">Views on women writers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Views on women writers">edit</a>]</div> Nabokov's wife <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ra_Nabokov" title="Véra Nabokov">Véra</a> was his strongest supporter and assisted him throughout his life, but Nabokov admitted to a "prejudice" against women writers. He wrote to Edmund Wilson, who had been making suggestions for his lectures: "I dislike <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, and am prejudiced, in fact against all women writers. They are in another class."<a href="#cite_note-Bunny-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> But after rereading Austen's <a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Park" title="Mansfield Park">Mansfield Park</a> he changed his mind and taught it in his literature course; he also praised <a href="/wiki/Mary_McCarthy_(author)" title="Mary McCarthy (author)">Mary McCarthy</a>'s work and called <a href="/wiki/Marina_Tsvetaeva" title="Marina Tsvetaeva">Marina Tsvetaeva</a> a "poet of genius" in Speak, Memory.<a href="#cite_note-Bunny-40">[38]</a>: 274  Although Véra worked as his personal translator and secretary, he made publicly known that his ideal translator would be male, and especially not a "Russian-born female".<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> In the first chapter of <a href="/wiki/Glory_(Nabokov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glory (Nabokov novel)">Glory</a> he attributes the protagonist's similar prejudice to the impressions made by children's writers like <a href="/wiki/Lidia_Charskaya" title="Lidia Charskaya">Lidiya Charski</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> and the short story "The Admiralty Spire" deplores the posturing, snobbery, antisemitism, and cutesiness he considered characteristic of Russian women authors.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement">disputed</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Vladimir_Nabokov#Views_on_women_writers" title="Talk:Vladimir Nabokov">discuss</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synesthesia">Synesthesia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Synesthesia">edit</a>]</div> Nabokov was a self-described <a href="/wiki/Synesthesia" title="Synesthesia">synesthete</a>, who at a young age equated the number five with the color red.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Aspects of synesthesia can be found in several of his works. His wife also exhibited synesthesia; like her husband, her mind's eye associated colors with particular letters. They discovered that Dmitri shared the trait, and moreover that the colors he associated with some letters were in some cases blends of his parents' hues—"which is as if <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> were painting in <a href="/wiki/Aquarelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquarelle">aquarelle</a>".<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Nabokov also wrote that his mother had synesthesia, and that she had different letter-color pairs.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> For some synesthetes, letters are not simply associated with certain colors, they are themselves colored. Nabokov frequently endowed his protagonists with a similar gift. In <a href="/wiki/Bend_Sinister_(novel)" title="Bend Sinister (novel)">Bend Sinister</a>, Krug comments on his perception of the word "loyalty" as like a golden fork lying out in the sun. In The Defense, Nabokov briefly mentions that the main character's father, a writer, found he was unable to complete a novel that he planned to write, becoming lost in the fabricated storyline by "starting with colors". Many other subtle references are made in Nabokov's writing that can be traced back to his synesthesia. Many of his characters have a distinct "sensory appetite" reminiscent of synesthesia.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Nabokov described his synesthesia at length in his autobiography <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a>:<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I present a fine case of colored hearing. Perhaps "hearing" is not quite accurate, since the color sensations seem to be produced by the very act of my orally forming a given letter while I imagine its outline. The long a of the English alphabet (and it is this alphabet I have in mind farther on unless otherwise stated) has for me the tint of weathered wood, but the French a evokes polished ebony. This black group also includes hard g (vulcanized rubber) and r (a sooty rag being ripped). Oatmeal n, noodle-limp l, and the ivory-backed hand mirror of o take care of the whites. I am puzzled by my French on which I see as the brimming tension-surface of alcohol in a small glass. Passing on to the blue group, there is steely x, thundercloud z, and huckleberry k. Since a subtle interaction exists between sound and shape, I see q as browner than k, while s is not the light blue of c, but a curious mixture of <a href="/wiki/Azure_(color)" title="Azure (color)">azure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mother-of-pearl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-of-pearl">mother-of-pearl</a>.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> Nabokov was a religious <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> He was very open about, and received criticism for, his indifference to organized <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a>, to religion, and to any church.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sleep">Sleep</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sleep">edit</a>]</div> Nabokov was a notorious, lifelong insomniac who admitted unease at the prospect of sleep, once saying, "the night is always a giant".<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Later in life his insomnia was exacerbated by an enlarged prostate.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Nabokov called sleep a "moronic fraternity", "mental torture", and a "nightly betrayal of reason, humanity, genius".<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Insomnia's impact on his work has been widely explored, and in 2017 <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a> published a compilation of his dream diary entries, Insomniac Dreams: Experiments with Time by Vladimir Nabokov.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_problems">Chess problems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Chess problems">edit</a>]</div> Nabokov spent considerable time during his exile composing <a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">chess problems</a>, which he published in Germany's Russian émigré press, <a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Problems" title="Poems and Problems">Poems and Problems</a> (18 problems) and <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a> (one). He describes the process of composing and constructing in his memoir: "The strain on the mind is formidable; the element of time drops out of one's consciousness". To him, the "originality, invention, conciseness, harmony, complexity, and splendid insincerity" of creating a chess problem was similar to that in any other art. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works">List of works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: List of works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov_bibliography" title="Vladimir Nabokov bibliography">Vladimir Nabokov bibliography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RUSMARKA-3239.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/RUSMARKA-3239.jpg/220px-RUSMARKA-3239.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/RUSMARKA-3239.jpg/330px-RUSMARKA-3239.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/RUSMARKA-3239.jpg/440px-RUSMARKA-3239.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>Nabokov on a 2024 postal stamp of Russia</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Main works written in Russian</dt></dl> <ul><li>(1926) <a href="/wiki/Mary_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (novel)">Mary</a></li> <li>(1928) <a href="/wiki/King,_Queen,_Knave" title="King, Queen, Knave">King, Queen, Knave</a></li> <li>(1930) The Luzhin Defense or <a href="/wiki/The_Defense" title="The Defense">The Defense</a></li> <li>(1930) <a href="/wiki/The_Eye_(novel)" title="The Eye (novel)">The Eye</a></li> <li>(1932) <a href="/wiki/Glory_(Nabokov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glory (Nabokov novel)">Glory</a></li> <li>(1933) <a href="/wiki/Laughter_in_the_Dark_(novel)" title="Laughter in the Dark (novel)">Laughter in the Dark</a></li> <li>(1934) <a href="/wiki/Despair_(novel)" title="Despair (novel)">Despair</a></li> <li>(1936) <a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_a_Beheading" title="Invitation to a Beheading">Invitation to a Beheading</a></li> <li>(1938) <a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(Nabokov_novel)" title="The Gift (Nabokov novel)">The Gift</a></li> <li>(1939) <a href="/wiki/The_Enchanter" title="The Enchanter">The Enchanter</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Main works written in English</dt></dl> <ul><li>(1941) <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Life_of_Sebastian_Knight" title="The Real Life of Sebastian Knight">The Real Life of Sebastian Knight</a></li> <li>(1947) <a href="/wiki/Bend_Sinister_(novel)" title="Bend Sinister (novel)">Bend Sinister</a></li> <li>(1955) <a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a>, self-translated into Russian (1965)</li> <li>(1957) <a href="/wiki/Pnin_(novel)" title="Pnin (novel)">Pnin</a></li> <li>(1962) <a href="/wiki/Pale_Fire" title="Pale Fire">Pale Fire</a></li> <li>(1967) <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory: An Autobiography Revisited</a></li> <li>(1969) <a href="/wiki/Ada_or_Ardor:_A_Family_Chronicle" title="Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle">Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle</a></li> <li>(1972) <a href="/wiki/Transparent_Things_(novel)" title="Transparent Things (novel)">Transparent Things</a></li> <li>(1974) <a href="/wiki/Look_at_the_Harlequins!" title="Look at the Harlequins!">Look at the Harlequins!</a></li> <li>(2009) <a href="/wiki/The_Original_of_Laura" title="The Original of Laura">The Original of Laura</a> (fragmentary; written during the mid-1970s and published posthumously)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-note1_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-note1_1-2">c</a> Confusion over his birth date was generated by some people misunderstanding the relationship between the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a> calendars. At the time of Nabokov's birth, the offset between the calendars was 12 days. His date of birth in the Julian calendar was 10 April 1899; in the Gregorian, 22 April 1899.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> The fact that the offset increased from 12 to 13 days for dates occurring after February 1900 was always irrelevant to earlier dates, and hence a 13-day offset should never have been applied to Nabokov's date of birth. Nevertheless, it was so misapplied by some writers, and 23 April came to be erroneously shown in many places as his birthday. In his memoirs <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a> Nabokov indicates that 22 April was the correct date but that he nevertheless preferred to celebrate his birthday "with diminishing pomp" on 23 April (p. 6).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] As he happily pointed out on several occasions during interviews, this meant he also shared a birthday with <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RussianYears-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈnæbəkɒf, nəˈboʊkɒf, -ˈbɒk-/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">NAB-ə-kof, nə-BO(H)K-of</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈnɑːbəkɔːf, ˈnæb-, nəˈbɔːkəf/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">NA(H)B-ə-KAWF, nə-BAW-kəf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Reference-AHD-Nabokov" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Nabokov">"Nabokov"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a> (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 9 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Nabokov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DNabokov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nabokov">"Nabokov"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Nabokov,+Vladimir">the original</a> on 26 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nabokov%2C+Vladimir&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FNabokov%2C%2BVladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Nabokov">"Nabokov"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a>. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 9 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Nabokov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FNabokov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/vladimir-nabokov">"Nabokov, Vladimir"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Longman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English" title="Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a>. <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. Retrieved 9 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Longman+Dictionary+of+Contemporary+English&rft.atitle=Nabokov%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldoceonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Fvladimir-nabokov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/lolita/cornell/index.html">"The 50th Anniversary of Nabokov's Lolita"</a>. rmc.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 19 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rmc.library.cornell.edu&rft.atitle=The+50th+Anniversary+of+Nabokov%27s+Lolita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmc.library.cornell.edu%2Flolita%2Fcornell%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318062309/https://www.modernlibrary.com/top-100/100-best-novels/">"100 Best Novels"</a>. randomhouse.com. <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/100bestnovels.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=randomhouse.com&rft.atitle=100+Best+Novels&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randomhouse.com%2Fmodernlibrary%2F100bestnovels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319205859/https://www.modernlibrary.com/top-100/100-best-nonfiction/">"100 Best Nonfiction"</a>. randomhouse.com. Modern Library. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/100bestnonfiction.html">the original</a> on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=randomhouse.com&rft.atitle=100+Best+Nonfiction&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randomhouse.com%2Fmodernlibrary%2F100bestnonfiction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNabokov1951" class="citation book cs1">Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich (1951). Speak, Memory: A Memoir. Gollancz. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speak%2C+Memory%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Gollancz&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Nabokov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+Vladimirovich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RussianYears-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RussianYears_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RussianYears_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RussianYears_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RussianYears_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RussianYears_12-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd1990" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Brian (1990). Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7011-3700-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7011-3700-7"><bdi>978-0-7011-3700-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Nabokov%3A+The+Russian+Years&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7011-3700-7&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyllie2010" class="citation book cs1">Wyllie, Barbara (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vladimirnabokov00barb">Vladimir Nabokov</a>. 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Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discourseideolog00larm/page/n20">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415286589" title="Special:BookSources/9780415286589"><bdi>9780415286589</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourse+and+ideology+in+Nabokov%27s+prose&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780415286589&rft.aulast=Larmour&rft.aufirst=David+Henry+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscourseideolog00larm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPifer2003" class="citation book cs1">Pifer, Ellen (2003). 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Open Road Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+History+of+Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.pub=Open+Road+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Pitzer&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff2000" class="citation book cs1">Schiff, Stacy (2000). Véra (Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov). Random House Digital.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%A9ra+%28Mrs.+Vladimir+Nabokov%29&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein2002" class="citation book cs1">Epstein, Jacob (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookbusinesspubl00epst">Book business: publishing past, present, and future</a>. W. W. Norton. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookbusinesspubl00epst/page/76">76–77</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393322347" title="Special:BookSources/9780393322347"><bdi>9780393322347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+business%3A+publishing+past%2C+present%2C+and+future&rft.pages=76-77&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780393322347&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookbusinesspubl00epst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2012" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Siggy (2012). Nabokov's Theatrical Imagination. Cambridge University Press. p. 170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+Theatrical+Imagination&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Siggy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPifer1999" class="citation journal cs1">Pifer, Ellen (1999). Connolly, Julian W. (ed.). "Her monster, his nymphet: Nabokov and Mary Shelley". Nabokov and His Fiction: New Perspectives: 158–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511597718.010">10.1017/CBO9780511597718.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521632836" title="Special:BookSources/9780521632836"><bdi>9780521632836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nabokov+and+His+Fiction%3A+New+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Her+monster%2C+his+nymphet%3A+Nabokov+and+Mary+Shelley&rft.pages=158-176&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511597718.010&rft.isbn=9780521632836&rft.aulast=Pifer&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutledge2011" class="citation book cs1">Rutledge, David S. (2011). "fn. 7". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovspermanen00rutl">Nabokov's Permanent Mystery: The Expression of Metaphysics in His Work</a>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovspermanen00rutl/page/n199">187</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786460762" title="Special:BookSources/9780786460762"><bdi>9780786460762</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=fn.+7&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+Permanent+Mystery%3A+The+Expression+of+Metaphysics+in+His+Work&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780786460762&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnabokovspermanen00rutl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> From Chapter 1: "Martin's first books were in English: his mother loathed the Russian magazine for children Zadushevnoe Slovo (The Heartfelt Word), and inspired in him such aversion for Madame Charski's young heroines with dusky complexions and titles that even later Martin was wary of any book written by a woman, sensing even in the best of such books an unconscious urge on the part of a middle-aged and perhaps chubby lady to dress up in a pretty name and curl up on the sofa like a pussy cat." </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Martin, Patrick. "Synaesthesia, metaphor and right-brain functioning" in Egoist. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kulichki.com/moshkow/NABOKOW/Inter02.txt">"Nabokov's interview"</a>. BBC Television. 1962. Retrieved 5 December 2015 – via kulichki.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+interview&rft.pub=BBC+Television&rft.date=1962&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kulichki.com%2Fmoshkow%2FNABOKOW%2FInter02.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouchetLoison-CharlesPoulin2020" class="citation book cs1">Bouchet, Marie; Loison-Charles, Julie; Poulin, Isabelle (19 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T2jsDwAAQBAJ">The Five Senses in Nabokov's Works</a>. Springer Nature. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-45406-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-45406-7"><bdi>978-3-030-45406-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Senses+in+Nabokov%27s+Works&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020-06-19&rft.isbn=978-3-030-45406-7&rft.aulast=Bouchet&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft.au=Loison-Charles%2C+Julie&rft.au=Poulin%2C+Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT2jsDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1993" class="citation book cs1">Foster, John Burt (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovsartmemor00fost">Nabokov's Art of Memory and European Modernism</a>. Princeton University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovsartmemor00fost/page/n43">26</a>–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691069715" title="Special:BookSources/9780691069715"><bdi>9780691069715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+Art+of+Memory+and+European+Modernism&rft.pages=26-32&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780691069715&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=John+Burt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnabokovsartmemor00fost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouchetLoison-CharlesPoulin2020" class="citation book cs1">Bouchet, Marie; Loison-Charles, Julie; Poulin, Isabelle (19 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T2jsDwAAQBAJ">The Five Senses in Nabokov's Works</a>. Springer Nature. pp. 255–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-45406-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-45406-7"><bdi>978-3-030-45406-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Senses+in+Nabokov%27s+Works&rft.pages=255-256&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020-06-19&rft.isbn=978-3-030-45406-7&rft.aulast=Bouchet&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft.au=Loison-Charles%2C+Julie&rft.au=Poulin%2C+Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT2jsDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1974" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Donald E. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vladimirnabokov00dona/page/8">Vladimir Nabokov</a>. F. Ungar Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vladimirnabokov00dona/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804426381" title="Special:BookSources/9780804426381"><bdi>9780804426381</bdi></a>. <q>Nabokov is a self-affirmed agnostic in matters religious, political, and philosophical.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=F.+Ungar+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780804426381&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvladimirnabokov00dona%2Fpage%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803164231/http://reprints.longform.org/playboy-interview-vladimir-nabokov">"Playboy Interview: Vladimir Nabokov"</a>. Atavist. 16 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reprints.longform.org/playboy-interview-vladimir-nabokov">the original</a> on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atavist&rft.atitle=Playboy+Interview%3A+Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freprints.longform.org%2Fplayboy-interview-vladimir-nabokov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkin2018" class="citation news cs1">Parkin, Simon (14 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/sep/14/finally-a-cure-for-insomnia">"Finally, a cure for insomnia?"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 3 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Finally%2C+a+cure+for+insomnia%3F&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fsep%2F14%2Ffinally-a-cure-for-insomnia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiepenbring2018" class="citation news cs1">Piepenbring, Dan (8 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/what-vladimir-nabokov-saw-in-his-dreams">"The Enthralling, Anxious World of Vladimir Nabokov's Dreams"</a>. The New Yorker. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a>. Retrieved 23 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Enthralling%2C+Anxious+World+of+Vladimir+Nabokov%27s+Dreams&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Piepenbring&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fwhat-vladimir-nabokov-saw-in-his-dreams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/12/19/vladimir-nabokovs-dream-diary-2/">"For three months in 1964, Vladimir Nabokov wrote down his dreams every morning, pursuing a theory that time flows backward"</a>. The Vintage News. 19 December 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vintage+News&rft.atitle=For+three+months+in+1964%2C+Vladimir+Nabokov+wrote+down+his+dreams+every+morning%2C+pursuing+a+theory+that+time+flows+backward&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevintagenews.com%2F2017%2F12%2F19%2Fvladimir-nabokovs-dream-diary-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNabokov2017" class="citation book cs1">Nabokov, Vladimir (2017). Barabtarlo, Gennady (ed.). Insomniac Dreams. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-16794-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-16794-7"><bdi>978-0-691-16794-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insomniac+Dreams&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-691-16794-7&rft.aulast=Nabokov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a href="#BrianBoydTheAmericanYears">Brian Boyd</a> p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitman1969" class="citation news cs1">Whitman, Alden (23 April 1969). "Interview with Vladimir Nabokov". The New York Times. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1969-04-23&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=Alden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biography">Biography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd,_Brian1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Boyd" title="Brian Boyd">Boyd, Brian</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vladimirnabokovr0000boyd/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater">Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years</a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-06794-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-06794-5"><bdi>0-691-06794-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Nabokov%3A+The+Russian+Years&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-691-06794-5&rft.au=Boyd%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvladimirnabokovr0000boyd%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"> (hardback) 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02470-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02470-7">0-691-02470-7</a> (paperback). London: Chatto & Windus, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7011-3700-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7011-3700-2">0-7011-3700-2</a> (hardback)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BrianBoydTheAmericanYears" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Brian (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vladimirnabokova00boyd">Vladimir Nabokov: the American years</a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/069106797X" title="Special:BookSources/069106797X"><bdi>069106797X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22906836">22906836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Nabokov%3A+the+American+years&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22906836&rft.isbn=069106797X&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvladimirnabokova00boyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChien2005" class="citation book cs1">Chien, Evelyn Nien-Ming (2005). "A Shuttlecock Over the Atlantic". Weird English. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01819-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01819-8"><bdi>978-0-674-01819-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Shuttlecock+Over+the+Atlantic&rft.btitle=Weird+English&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts%3B+London&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01819-8&rft.aulast=Chien&rft.aufirst=Evelyn+Nien-Ming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Field, Andrew. VN The Life and Art of Vladimir Nabokov. New York: Crown Publishers. 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-56113-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-56113-1">0-517-56113-1</a></li> <li>Golla, Robert. Conversations with Vladimir Nabokov. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1496810953" title="Special:BookSources/978-1496810953">978-1496810953</a></li> <li>Parker, Stephen Jan. Understanding Vladimir Nabokov. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0872494954" title="Special:BookSources/978-0872494954">978-0872494954</a></li> <li>Proffer, Elendea, ed. Vladimir Nabokov: A Pictorial Biography. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Ardis, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87501-078-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87501-078-4">0-87501-078-4</a> (a collection of photographs)</li> <li>Rivers, J.E., and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicol" title="Charles Nicol">Nicol, Charles</a>. Nabokov's Fifth Arc. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-75522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-75522-2">978-0-292-75522-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacy_Schiff" title="Stacy Schiff">Schiff, Stacy</a>. Véra (Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov). New York, NY.: Random House, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-44790-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-44790-3">0-679-44790-3</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexandrov1991" class="citation book cs1">Alexandrov, Vladimir E. (1991). Nabokov's otherworld. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-06866-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-06866-4"><bdi>978-0-691-06866-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+otherworld&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-691-06866-4&rft.aulast=Alexandrov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBader1972" class="citation book cs1">Bader, Julia (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crystallandartif0000bade">Crystal land; artifice in Nabokov's English novels</a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02167-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02167-9"><bdi>978-0-520-02167-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crystal+land%3B+artifice+in+Nabokov%27s+English+novels&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02167-9&rft.aulast=Bader&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrystallandartif0000bade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarabtarlo1989" class="citation book cs1">Barabtarlo, Gennady (1989). Phantom of fact: a guide to Nabokov's Pnin. Ann Arbor: Ardis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87501-060-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87501-060-1"><bdi>978-0-87501-060-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phantom+of+fact%3A+a+guide+to+Nabokov%27s+Pnin&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=Ardis&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-87501-060-1&rft.aulast=Barabtarlo&rft.aufirst=Gennady&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackwell2009" class="citation book cs1">Blackwell, Stephen H. (2009). The quill and the scalpel: Nabokov's art and the worlds of science. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8142-1099-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8142-1099-4"><bdi>978-0-8142-1099-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+quill+and+the+scalpel%3A+Nabokov%27s+art+and+the+worlds+of+science&rft.place=Columbus&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8142-1099-4&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd1999" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Brian (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovspalefire00boyd_0">Nabokov's Pale fire: the magic of artistic discovery</a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00959-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00959-9"><bdi>978-0-691-00959-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+Pale+fire%3A+the+magic+of+artistic+discovery&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00959-9&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnabokovspalefire00boyd_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2009" class="citation book cs1">Connolly, Julian W. (2009). A reader's guide to Nabokov's "Lolita". Studies in Russian and Slavic literatures, cultures and history. Boston: Academic Studies Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934843-65-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934843-65-9"><bdi>978-1-934843-65-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+reader%27s+guide+to+Nabokov%27s+%22Lolita%22&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=Studies+in+Russian+and+Slavic+literatures%2C+cultures+and+history&rft.pub=Academic+Studies+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-934843-65-9&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Julian+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1993" class="citation book cs1">Foster, John Burt (1993). Nabokov's art of memory and European modernism. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-06971-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-06971-5"><bdi>978-0-691-06971-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+art+of+memory+and+European+modernism&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-691-06971-5&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=John+Burt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardyMartin2011" class="citation book cs1">Hardy, James D.; Martin, Ann (2011). "Light of my life": love, time and memory in Nabokov's Lolita. Jefferson, N.C.; London: McFarland & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6357-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6357-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-6357-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Light+of+my+life%22%3A+love%2C+time+and+memory+in+Nabokov%27s+Lolita&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.%3B+London&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-6357-2&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1985" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Donald B. (1985). Worlds in regression: some novels of Vladimir Nabokov. Ann Arbor: Ardis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88233-908-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88233-908-5"><bdi>978-0-88233-908-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worlds+in+regression%3A+some+novels+of+Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=Ardis&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-88233-908-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Livry, Anatoly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.editions-hermann.fr/ficheproduit.php?lang=fr&menu=&ref=Critiques+litt%E9raire+Nabokov+le+nietszch%E9en&prodid=892">«Nabokov le Nietzschéen»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921164302/http://www.editions-hermann.fr/ficheproduit.php?lang=fr&menu=&ref=Critiques+litt%E9raire+Nabokov+le+nietszch%E9en&prodid=892">Archived</a> 21 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, HERMANN, Paris, 2010 (in French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exlibris.ng.ru/non-fiction/2011-06-02/6_game.html">Ливри, Анатолий. Физиология Сверхчеловека. Введение в третье тысячелетие</a> СПб.: Алетейя, 2011 312 с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816062952/http://exlibris.ng.ru/non-fiction/2011-06-02/6_game.html">Archived</a> 16 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1988" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Priscilla (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/findwhatsailorha00pris">Find what the sailor has hidden: Vladimir Nabokov's Pale fire</a> (1st ed.). Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5206-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5206-8"><bdi>978-0-8195-5206-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Find+what+the+sailor+has+hidden%3A+Vladimir+Nabokov%27s+Pale+fire&rft.place=Middletown%2C+Conn&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-5206-8&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Priscilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffindwhatsailorha00pris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2010" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Paul Duncan (2010). Vladimir Nabokov: poetry and the lyric voice. Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4020-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4020-7"><bdi>978-1-4426-4020-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Nabokov%3A+poetry+and+the+lyric+voice&rft.place=Toronto%3B+Buffalo&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-4020-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Paul+Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolBarabtarlo1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicol" title="Charles Nicol">Nicol, Charles</a>; Barabtarlo, Gennady, eds. (1993). A Small Alpine form: studies in Nabokov's short fiction. Garland reference library of the humanities. New York: Garland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-0857-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-0857-7"><bdi>978-0-8153-0857-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Small+Alpine+form%3A+studies+in+Nabokov%27s+short+fiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Garland+reference+library+of+the+humanities&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-0857-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPage1982" class="citation book cs1">Page, Norman, ed. (1982). Nabokov: The Critical Heritage. The Critical Heritage series. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71009-223-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71009-223-6"><bdi>978-0-71009-223-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%3A+The+Critical+Heritage&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Critical+Heritage+series&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-71009-223-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPifer1980" class="citation book cs1">Pifer, Ellen (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovnovel00pife">Nabokov and the novel</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-59840-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-59840-9"><bdi>978-0-674-59840-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov+and+the+novel&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-674-59840-9&rft.aulast=Pifer&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnabokovnovel00pife&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutledge2011" class="citation book cs1">Rutledge, David S. (2011). Nabokov's permanent mystery: the expression of metaphysics in his work. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6076-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6076-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-6076-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+permanent+mystery%3A+the+expression+of+metaphysics+in+his+work&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-6076-2&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuman2014" class="citation book cs1">Schuman, Samuel (2014). Nabokov's Shakespeare. New York: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62892-426-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62892-426-8"><bdi>978-1-62892-426-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%27s+Shakespeare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62892-426-8&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrayer1998" class="citation book cs1">Shrayer, Maxim D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofnabokovss0000shra">The World of Nabokov's Stories</a>. Literary modernism series. Austin: University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77733-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77733-0"><bdi>978-0-292-77733-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Nabokov%27s+Stories&rft.place=Austin&rft.series=Literary+modernism+series&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-292-77733-0&rft.aulast=Shrayer&rft.aufirst=Maxim+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldofnabokovss0000shra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrayer1999" class="citation book cs1">——— (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovhisfictio00conn/page/n86">"Jewish Questions in Nabokov's Life and Art"</a>. In Connolly, Julian W. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovhisfictio00conn">Nabokov and His Fiction: New Perspectives</a>. Cambridge Studies in Russian Literature. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63283-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63283-6"><bdi>978-0-521-63283-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jewish+Questions+in+Nabokov%27s+Life+and+Art&rft.btitle=Nabokov+and+His+Fiction%3A+New+Perspectives&rft.place=Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.series=Cambridge+Studies+in+Russian+Literature&rft.pages=73-91&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63283-6&rft.aulast=Shrayer&rft.aufirst=Maxim+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnabokovhisfictio00conn%2Fpage%2Fn86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart1978" class="citation book cs1">Stuart, Dabney (1978). Nabokov: The Dimensions of Parody. Louisiana State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%3A+The+Dimensions+of+Parody&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Dabney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToker1989" class="citation book cs1">Toker, Leona (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nabokovmysteryof00toke">Nabokov: the mystery of literary structures</a>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2211-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2211-9"><bdi>978-0-8014-2211-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%3A+the+mystery+of+literary+structures&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-2211-9&rft.aulast=Toker&rft.aufirst=Leona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnabokovmysteryof00toke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrousdale2010" class="citation book cs1">Trousdale, Rachel (2010). Nabokov, Rushdie, and the transnational imagination: novels of exile and alternate worlds (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10261-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10261-3"><bdi>978-0-230-10261-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nabokov%2C+Rushdie%2C+and+the+transnational+imagination%3A+novels+of+exile+and+alternate+worlds&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-230-10261-3&rft.aulast=Trousdale&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVernon2022" class="citation book cs1">Vernon, David (2022). Ada to Zembla: The Novels of Vladimir Nabokov. Edinburgh, Scotland: Endellion Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1739136109" title="Special:BookSources/978-1739136109"><bdi>978-1739136109</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ada+to+Zembla%3A+The+Novels+of+Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+Scotland&rft.pub=Endellion+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1739136109&rft.aulast=Vernon&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1995" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Michael (1995). The Magician's Doubts: Nabokov and the Risks of Fiction. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00632-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00632-1"><bdi>978-0-691-00632-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magician%27s+Doubts%3A+Nabokov+and+the+Risks+of+Fiction&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00632-1&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzam_Zanganeh2011" class="citation book cs1">Azam Zanganeh, Lila (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/enchanternabokov0000azam">The enchanter: Nabokov and happiness</a> (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07992-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07992-0"><bdi>978-0-393-07992-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+enchanter%3A+Nabokov+and+happiness&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Co&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-393-07992-0&rft.aulast=Azam+Zanganeh&rft.aufirst=Lila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenchanternabokov0000azam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Juliar, Michael. Vladimir Nabokov: A Descriptive Bibliography. New York: <a href="/wiki/Garland_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Garland Publishing">Garland Publishing</a>, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-8590-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8240-8590-6">0-8240-8590-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_V%C3%A1zquez_Montalb%C3%A1n" title="Manuel Vázquez Montalbán">Montalbán, Manuel Vázquez</a>; <a href="/wiki/Willi_Glasauer" title="Willi Glasauer">Glasauer, Willi</a>. Escenas de la Literatura Universal y Retratos de Grandes Autores. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, 1988.</li> <li>Alexandrov, Vladimir E., ed. The Garland Companion to Vladimir Nabokov. New York: Garland Publishing, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-0354-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-0354-8">0-8153-0354-8</a>.</li> <li>Funke, Sarah. Véra's Butterflies: First Editions by Vladimir Nabokov Inscribed to his Wife. New York: Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9654020-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9654020-1-0">0-9654020-1-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_adaptations">Media adaptations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media adaptations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Medak" title="Peter Medak">Peter Medak</a>'s short television film, Nabokov on Kafka, is a <a href="/wiki/Adaptation_(arts)" title="Adaptation (arts)">dramatisation</a> of Nabokov's lectures on <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a>. The part of Nabokov is played by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a>.</li> <li>Nabokov makes three cameo appearances, at widely scattered points in his life, in <a href="/wiki/W._G._Sebald" title="W. G. Sebald">W. G. Sebald</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Emigrants_(Sebald_novel)" title="The Emigrants (Sebald novel)">The Emigrants</a>.</li> <li>See <a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a>.</li> <li>In 1972 the novel <a href="/wiki/King,_Queen,_Knave" title="King, Queen, Knave">King, Queen, Knave</a> was released as a <a href="/wiki/King,_Queen,_Knave_(film)" title="King, Queen, Knave (film)">movie</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Skolimowski" title="Jerzy Skolimowski">Jerzy Skolimowski</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Gina_Lollobrigida" title="Gina Lollobrigida">Gina Lollobrigida</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Moulder-Brown" title="John Moulder-Brown">John Moulder-Brown</a>.</li> <li>In 1978 the novel <a href="/wiki/Despair_(novel)" title="Despair (novel)">Despair</a> was adapted by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> for the movie directed by <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Rainer Werner Fassbinder</a>.</li> <li>In 1986 his first novel <a href="/wiki/Mary_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (novel)">Mary</a> (in Russian Maschenka) was loosely adapted for the movie Maschenka, starring <a href="/wiki/Cary_Elwes" title="Cary Elwes">Cary Elwes</a>.</li> <li>The novel <a href="/wiki/The_Defense" title="The Defense">The Defense</a> was adapted as a feature film, <a href="/wiki/The_Luzhin_Defence" title="The Luzhin Defence">The Luzhin Defence</a>, in 2000 by director Marleen Gorris. The film starred John Turturro and Emily Watson.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entomology_2">Entomology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Entomology">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Johnson, Kurt, and Steve Coates. Nabokov's blues: The scientific odyssey of a literary genius. New York: McGraw-Hill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-137330-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-137330-6">0-07-137330-6</a> (very accessibly written)</li> <li>Sartori, Michel, ed. Les Papillons de Nabokov [The butterflies of Nabokov]. Lausanne: Musée cantonal de Zoologie, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-9700051-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-9700051-0-7">2-9700051-0-7</a> (exhibition catalogue, primarily in English)</li> <li>Zimmer, Dieter E. A Guide to Nabokov's Butterflies and Moths. Privately published, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-00-007609-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-00-007609-3">3-00-007609-3</a> (web page)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Deroy, Chloé, Vladimir Nabokov, Icare russe et Phénix américain (2010). Dijon: EUD</li> <li>Gezari, Janet K.; Wimsatt, W. K., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2929973">"Vladimir Nabokov: More Chess Problems and the Novel"</a>, Yale French Studies, No. 58, In Memory of Jacques Ehrmann: Inside Play Outside Game (1979), pp. 102–115, Yale University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Nabokov&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Vladimir Nabokov at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" class="extiw" title="c:Vladimir Nabokov">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" class="extiw" title="q:Vladimir Nabokov">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/46px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" class="extiw" title="species:Vladimir Nabokov">Taxa</a> from Wikispecies</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36591" class="extiw" title="d:Q36591">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vladimir-nabokov.org/">Vladimir-Nabokov.org</a> – Site of the Vladimir Nabokov French Society, Enchanted Researchers (Société française Vladimir Nabokov : Les Chercheurs Enchantés).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/epo/nabokov/">"Nabokov under Glass"</a> – New York Public Library exhibit.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert_Gold1967" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Herbert Gold (Summer–Fall 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4310/the-art-of-fiction-no-40-vladimir-nabokov">"Vladimir Nabokov, The Art of Fiction No. 40"</a>. The Paris Review. Summer-Fall 1967 (41).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Nabokov%2C+The+Art+of+Fiction+No.+40&rft.chron=summer%E2%80%93fall&rft.volume=Summer-Fall+1967&rft.issue=41&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Herbert+Gold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F4310%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-40-vladimir-nabokov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2000/04/nabokov.htm">The Atlantic Monthly</a> – Review of Nabokov's Butterflies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125234537/http://www.fathom.com/course/10701032/index.html">"The Life and Works of Vladimir Nabokov"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, profile and lectures. 2002</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?15974">Vladimir Nabokov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stihipoeta.ru/poety-serebryanogo-veka/vladimir-nabokov/">Vladimir Nabokov poetry</a> (in Russian)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_Reynolds" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Don Reynolds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/nabokov_vladimir_in_oregon/">"Vladimir Nabokov"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Oregon_Encyclopedia" title="The Oregon Encyclopedia">The Oregon Encyclopedia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Encyclopedia&rft.au=Don+Reynolds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fnabokov_vladimir_in_oregon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Nabokov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etc.dal.ca/noj/">Nabokov Online Journal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825222831/http://etc.dal.ca/noj/">Archived</a> 25 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/14/vladimir-nabokov-books-martin-amis">"The problem with Nabokov"</a>. By <a href="/wiki/Martin_Amis" title="Martin Amis">Martin Amis</a> 14 November 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/02/24/240210_nabokov.html">"Talking about Nabokov"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825211653/http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/02/24/240210_nabokov.html">Archived</a> 25 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> George Feifer, <a href="/wiki/Russia_Beyond_the_Headlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia Beyond the Headlines">Russia Beyond the Headlines</a>, 24 February 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2000/05/17/nabokov_5/">"The Gay Nabokov"</a>. Salon Magazine 17 May 2000</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/nabokovv1.shtml">BBC interviews 4 October 1969</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818193313/http://www.vnbiblio.com/">Nabokov Bibliography: All About Vladimir Nabokov in Print</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Nabokov%2C%20Vladimir%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Vladimir%20Nabokov%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Nabokov%2C%20Vladimir%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Vladimir%20Nabokov%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Nabokov%2C%20V%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Vladimir%20Nabokov%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Nabokov%2C%20Vladimir%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Vladimir%20Nabokov%22%29%20OR%20%28%221899-1977%22%20AND%20Nabokov%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Vladimir Nabokov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yacpdb.org/#search/ODg4ODg4ODgv0J3QsNCx0L7QutC+0LIsINCS0LvQsNC00LjQvNC40YAg0JLQu9Cw0LTQuNC80LjRgNC+0LLQuNGHLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLzEvMS8xLzA=/1">Vladmir Nabokov chess compositions</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yacpdb.org/">YACPDB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenabokovian.org">The Nabokovian (International Vladimir Nabokovian Society)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladimir Nabokov</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov_bibliography" title="Vladimir Nabokov bibliography">(works)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_(Nabokov_novel)" title="Mary (Nabokov novel)">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King,_Queen,_Knave" title="King, Queen, Knave">King, Queen, Knave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defense" title="The Defense">The Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eye_(novel)" title="The Eye (novel)">The Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(Nabokov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glory (Nabokov novel)">Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughter_in_the_Dark_(novel)" title="Laughter in the Dark (novel)">Laughter in the Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despair_(novel)" title="Despair (novel)">Despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_a_Beheading" title="Invitation to a Beheading">Invitation to a Beheading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(Nabokov_novel)" title="The Gift (Nabokov novel)">The Gift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanter" title="The Enchanter">The Enchanter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Life_of_Sebastian_Knight" title="The Real Life of Sebastian Knight">The Real Life of Sebastian Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend_Sinister_(novel)" title="Bend Sinister (novel)">Bend Sinister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnin_(novel)" title="Pnin (novel)">Pnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Fire" title="Pale Fire">Pale Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_or_Ardor:_A_Family_Chronicle" title="Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle">Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparent_Things_(novel)" title="Transparent Things (novel)">Transparent Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_at_the_Harlequins!" title="Look at the Harlequins!">Look at the Harlequins!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Original_of_Laura" title="The Original of Laura">The Original of Laura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Wood-Sprite" title="The Wood-Sprite">The Wood-Sprite</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sounds_(short_story)" title="Sounds (short story)">Sounds</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Chance" title="A Matter of Chance">A Matter of Chance</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Details_of_a_Sunset" title="Details of a Sunset">Details of a Sunset</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bachmann_(short_story)" title="Bachmann (short story)">Bachmann</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Chorb" title="The Return of Chorb">The Return of Chorb</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Berlin_(short_story)" title="A Guide to Berlin (short story)">A Guide to Berlin</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Nursery_Tale" title="A Nursery Tale">A Nursery Tale</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Razor_(short_story)" title="Razor (short story)">Razor</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Passenger_(short_story)" title="The Passenger (short story)">The Passenger</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Potato_Elf" title="The Potato Elf">The Potato Elf</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Aurelian" title="The Aurelian">The Aurelian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Terra_Incognita_(short_story)" title="Terra Incognita (short story)">Terra Incognita</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lips_to_Lips" title="Lips to Lips">Lips to Lips</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orache_(short_story)" title="Orache (short story)">Orache</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Music_(short_story)" title="Music (short story)">Music</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Leonardo" title="The Leonardo">The Leonardo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spring_in_Fialta" title="Spring in Fialta">Spring in Fialta</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tyrants_Destroyed" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrants Destroyed">Tyrants Destroyed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_O" title="Mademoiselle O">Mademoiselle O</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Signs_and_Symbols" title="Signs and Symbols">Signs and Symbols</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_in_Aleppo_Once..." title="That in Aleppo Once...">That in Aleppo Once...</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Vane_Sisters" title="The Vane Sisters">The Vane Sisters</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_(Nabokov)" title="Nine Stories (Nabokov)">Nine Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_in_Fialta_and_other_stories" title="Spring in Fialta and other stories">Spring in Fialta and other stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabokov%27s_Dozen" title="Nabokov's Dozen">Nabokov's Dozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabokov%27s_Quartet" title="Nabokov's Quartet">Nabokov's Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabokov%27s_Congeries" title="Nabokov's Congeries">Nabokov's Congeries</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cloud,_Castle,_Lake" title="Cloud, Castle, Lake">Cloud, Castle, Lake</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Russian_Beauty_and_Other_Stories" title="A Russian Beauty and Other Stories">A Russian Beauty and Other Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrants_Destroyed_and_Other_Stories" title="Tyrants Destroyed and Other Stories">Tyrants Destroyed and Other Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Details_of_a_Sunset_and_Other_Stories" title="Details of a Sunset and Other Stories">Details of a Sunset and Other Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_Vladimir_Nabokov" title="The Stories of Vladimir Nabokov">The Stories of Vladimir Nabokov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Mister_Morn" title="The Tragedy of Mister Morn">The Tragedy of Mister Morn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Waltz_Invention" title="The Waltz Invention">The Waltz Invention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_the_USSR_and_Other_Plays" title="The Man from the USSR and Other Plays">The Man from the USSR and Other Plays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speak,_Memory" title="Speak, Memory">Speak, Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Prosody" title="Notes on Prosody">Notes on Prosody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellanea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Problems" title="Poems and Problems">Poems and Problems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrousel_(booklet)" title="Carrousel (booklet)">Carrousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabokov%27s_Butterflies" title="Nabokov's Butterflies">Nabokov's Butterflies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabokov_House" title="Nabokov House">Nabokov House and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ra_Nabokov" title="Véra Nabokov">Véra Nabokov (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Nabokov" title="Dmitri Nabokov">Dmitri Nabokov (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dmitrievich_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov">Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabokovia" title="Nabokovia">Nabokovia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vladimir_Nabokov&#039;s_Lolita_(1955)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lolita" title="Template:Lolita"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lolita" title="Template talk:Lolita"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lolita" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lolita"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vladimir_Nabokov&#039;s_Lolita_(1955)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladimir Nabokov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a> (1955)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_(1962_film)" title="Lolita (1962 film)">Lolita</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_(1997_film)" title="Lolita (1997 film)">Lolita</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolita,_My_Love" title="Lolita, My Love">Lolita, My Love</a> (1971 musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_(play)" title="Lolita (play)">Lolita</a> (1981 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_(opera)" title="Lolita (opera)">Lolita</a> (1992 opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lolita's perspective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lo%27s_Diary" title="Lo's Diary">Lo's Diary</a> (1995 novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fishbite" title="Roger Fishbite">Roger Fishbite</a> (1999 novel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Stand_So_Close_to_Me" title="Don't Stand So Close to Me">Don't Stand So Close to Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lolita_(The_Veronicas_song)" title="Lolita (The Veronicas song)">Lolita</a>" (The Veronicas)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lolita_(Belinda_Peregr%C3%ADn_song)" title="Lolita (Belinda Peregrín song)">Lolita</a>" (Belinda)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lolita_(Leah_LaBelle_song)" title="Lolita (Leah LaBelle song)">Lolita</a>" (Leah LaBelle)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lolita_(trop_jeune_pour_aimer)" title="Lolita (trop jeune pour aimer)">Lolita (trop jeune pour aimer)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moi..._Lolita" title="Moi... Lolita">Moi... Lolita</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eat_Me,_Drink_Me" title="Eat Me, Drink Me">Eat Me, Drink Me</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanter" title="The Enchanter">The Enchanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Lolita_in_Tehran" title="Reading Lolita in Tehran">Reading Lolita in Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_(term)" title="Lolita (term)">Lolita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36591#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122776641">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368650360">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368650387">3</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368650379">4</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/27069388">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/67658/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx8yxBbJyPbKxh4YqjwG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118586114">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81015312">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11917330h">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11917330h">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00450943">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV000621">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36146861">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19992010056&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2016900624&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1719689">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/31529">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068472862">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90056388">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000029521&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000034722&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000037025">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=171123">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199619785">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nqlrsv277d1qd">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810610429705606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/188048">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265875105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058595865906706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14135006">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500338986">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/9e3f4dc0-f90b-4ead-9aa3-7c5b56dd5826">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1220098">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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