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<span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Japanese cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Korean cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Craftwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Craftwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Craftwork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Craftwork-sublist" 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipra-koldpuu" title="Pipra-koldpuu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pipra-koldpuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فلفل ژاپنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلفل ژاپنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%ED%94%BC%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="초피나무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초피나무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szecsuani_bors" title="Szecsuani bors – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szecsuani bors" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6" title="サンショウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンショウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansh%C5%8D" title="Sanshō – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sanshō" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippurilimopuu" title="Pippurilimopuu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pippurilimopuu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A" title="ซันโช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซันโช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon_biberi" title="Japon biberi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japon biberi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zanthoxylum piperitum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B1%B1%E6%A4%92" title="日本山椒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日本山椒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%92" title="日本花椒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本花椒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167881#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about an aromatic plant used in Japanese and Korean cuisines. For Chinese or Sichuan pepper, see <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Korean pepper" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Korean_chili_pepper" title="Korean chili pepper">Korean chili pepper</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Zanthoxylum piperitum</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zanthoxylum_piperitum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Zanthoxylum_piperitum.jpg/220px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Zanthoxylum_piperitum.jpg/330px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Zanthoxylum_piperitum.jpg/440px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Zanthoxylum" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum" title="Zanthoxylum"><i>Zanthoxylum</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Z. piperitum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Zanthoxylum piperitum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Augustin Pyramus de Candolle">DC</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Zanthoxylum piperitum</b></i>, also known as <b>Japanese pepper</b>, <b>Sichuan pepper</b> or <b>Japanese prickly-ash</b>, is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family <a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a>, native to Japan and Korea. </p><p>It is called <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">sanshō</i></span></b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">山椒</span></span>) in Japan and <b><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">chopi</i></span></b> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">초피</span></span>) in Korea. Both the leaves and fruits (<a href="/wiki/Peppercorns" class="mw-redirect" title="Peppercorns">peppercorns</a>) are used as aromatics and flavorings in these countries. It is closely related to the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a>, which comes from plants of the same genus. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Japanese pepper" <i>Z. piperitum</i><sup id="cite_ref-WEP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WEP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017473_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017473-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is called <i>sanshō</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">山椒</span></span>, 'mountain pepper')</span> in Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-ECH-Z-beechianum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECH-Z-beechianum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> term in <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">sancho</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">산초</span></span>) refers to a different species, or <i><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_schinifolium" title="Zanthoxylum schinifolium">Z. schinifolium</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ENKNP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENKNP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known as <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">inuzanshō</i></span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">dog sansho</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-honda-m_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honda-m-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Korea, <i>Z. piperitum</i> is called <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">chopi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">초피</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ENKNP_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENKNP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walton_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walton-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in several regional dialects, notably <a href="/wiki/Gyeongsang_dialect" title="Gyeongsang dialect">Gyeongsang dialect</a>, it is also called <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">sancho</i></span> or <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">jepi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">제피</span></span>). </p><p>"Japanese prickly-ash" has been used as the standard American common name.<sup id="cite_ref-standard_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-standard-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kato_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kato-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varieties">Varieties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The variety <i>Z. piperitum</i> var. <i>inerme</i> Makino, known in Japan as <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Asakura zanshō</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKimuraButGuoSung199682_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKimuraButGuoSung199682-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are thornless, or nearly so, and have been widely cultivated for commercial harvesting.<sup id="cite_ref-kojien-sansho_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kojien-sansho-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-heibonsha_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heibonsha-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Form_(botany)" title="Form (botany)">forma</a> <i>Z. piperitum</i> f. <i>pubsescens</i> (Nakai) W. T. Lee, is called <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">teol chopi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">털초피</span></span>) in Korea, and is assigned the English name "<b>hairy chopi</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-ENKNP_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENKNP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range">Range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its natural range spans from <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> in Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> southern parts of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean peninsula">Korean peninsula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-okada_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okada-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Chinese mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-heibonsha_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heibonsha-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zanthoxylum_piperitum_Fruits_et_graines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Zanthoxylum_piperitum_Fruits_et_graines.jpg/220px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum_Fruits_et_graines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Zanthoxylum_piperitum_Fruits_et_graines.jpg/330px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum_Fruits_et_graines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Zanthoxylum_piperitum_Fruits_et_graines.jpg/440px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum_Fruits_et_graines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6056" data-file-height="4036" /></a><figcaption>Fruit and seeds</figcaption></figure> <p>The plant belongs to the citrus and rue family, <a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tree blooms in April to May, forming <a href="/wiki/Axillary_bud" title="Axillary bud">axillary</a> flower clusters, about 5mm, and yellow-green in color. It is <a href="/wiki/Dioecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioecious">dioecious</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the flowers of the male plant can be consumed as <i>hana-sanshō</i>, while the female flowers yield berries or peppercorns of about 5mm. In autumn, these berries ripen, turning scarlet and burst, scattering the black seeds within.<sup id="cite_ref-heibonsha_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heibonsha-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The branch grows pairs of sharp thorns and has <a href="/wiki/Pinnation#Number_of_divisions" title="Pinnation">odd-epinnately compound leaves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alternately <a href="/wiki/Leaf#Arrangement_on_the_stem" title="Leaf">arranged</a>, with 5〜9 pairs of ovate <a href="/wiki/Leaflet_(botany)" title="Leaflet (botany)">leaflets</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having <a href="/wiki/Crenate" class="mw-redirect" title="Crenate">crenate</a> (slightly serrated) margins. </p><p>It is a host plant for the Japanese indigenous <a href="/wiki/Swallowtail_butterfly" title="Swallowtail butterfly">swallowtail butterfly</a> species, the citrus butterfly <i><a href="/wiki/Papilio_xuthus" title="Papilio xuthus">Papilio xuthus</a></i>, which has also <a href="/wiki/Adventive_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventive species">spread to</a> Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-dict-entomology_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dict-entomology-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chemical analysis has revealed that the seeds contain remarkably high concentrations of sugar-modified derivatives (<a href="/wiki/Glucoside" title="Glucoside">glucosides</a>) of N-methylserotonin and N,N-dimethylserotonin, also known as <a href="/wiki/Bufotenin" title="Bufotenin">bufotenin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture" title="Wakayama Prefecture">Wakayama Prefecture</a> boasts 80% of domestic production.<sup id="cite_ref-wakayama_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakayama-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aridagawa,_Wakayama" title="Aridagawa, Wakayama">Aridagawa, Wakayama</a> produces a specialty variety called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">budō sanshō</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">grape sansho</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), which bears large fruits and clusters, rather like a <a href="/wiki/Bunch_of_grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunch of grapes">bunch of grapes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wakayama_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakayama-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The thornless variety, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Asakura sansho</i></span>, derives its name from its place of origin, the Asakura district in the now defunct <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokacho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokacho (page does not exist)">Yokacho</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%B9%BF%E7%94%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:八鹿町">ja</a>]</sup></i>, integrated into <a href="/wiki/Yabu,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Yabu, Hyōgo">Yabu, Hyōgo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-okada_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okada-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Japanese pepper is closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a> of China, and they share the same <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_cuisine">Japanese cuisine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japanese cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_pepper_at_supermarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Japanese_pepper_at_supermarket.jpg/220px-Japanese_pepper_at_supermarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Japanese_pepper_at_supermarket.jpg/330px-Japanese_pepper_at_supermarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Japanese_pepper_at_supermarket.jpg/440px-Japanese_pepper_at_supermarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Fresh green Japanese pepper in a supermarket in Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>The pulverized mature fruits ("peppercorns" or "berries") known as "Japanese pepper" or <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kona-zanshō</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">粉ざんしょう</span></span>) are the standard spice for sprinkling on the <i><a href="/wiki/Kabayaki" title="Kabayaki">kabayaki</a>-<a href="/wiki/Unagi" title="Unagi">unagi</a></i> (broiled <a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">eel</a>) dish. It is also one of the seven main ingredients of the blended spice called <i><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">shichimi</a></i>, which also contains red <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finely ground Japanese pepper, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kona-zanshō</i></span>, is nowadays usually sold in sealed packets, and individual serving sizes are included inside heat-and-serve broiled eel packages. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zanthoxylum_piperitum_young_bits_for_sale_-_Tokyo_-_April_2_2021.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Zanthoxylum_piperitum_young_bits_for_sale_-_Tokyo_-_April_2_2021.jpeg/220px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum_young_bits_for_sale_-_Tokyo_-_April_2_2021.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Zanthoxylum_piperitum_young_bits_for_sale_-_Tokyo_-_April_2_2021.jpeg/330px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum_young_bits_for_sale_-_Tokyo_-_April_2_2021.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Zanthoxylum_piperitum_young_bits_for_sale_-_Tokyo_-_April_2_2021.jpeg/440px-Zanthoxylum_piperitum_young_bits_for_sale_-_Tokyo_-_April_2_2021.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="3020" /></a><figcaption>Young leaves for sale in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Young leaves and shoots, pronounced <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">ki-no-mé</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">ko-no-mé</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-heibonsha_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heibonsha-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">木の芽</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">tree bud</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) herald the spring season, and often garnish grilled fish and soups. They have a distinctive flavor which is not to the liking of everyone. It is a customary ritual to put a leaf between cupped hands, and clap the hands with a popping sound, this supposedly serving to bring out the aroma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young leaves are crushed and blended with miso using <i><a href="/wiki/Suribachi" title="Suribachi">suribachi</a></i> (mortar) to make a paste, a <a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">pesto</a> sauce of sorts,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then used to make various <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aemono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aemono (page does not exist)">aemono</a></i> (tossed salad). The stereotypical main ingredient for the resultant <i>kinome-ae</i> is the fresh harvest of <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">bamboo shoots</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the sauce may be tossed (or delicately "folded") into <a href="/wiki/Sashimi" title="Sashimi">sashimi</a>, clams, squid or other vegetable such as <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">tara-no-me</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Aralia_elata" title="Aralia elata">angelica-tree</a> shoots). </p><p>The immature green berries are called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">ao-zanshō</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">green sansho</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017475_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017475-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these may be blanched and salted,<sup id="cite_ref-heibonsha_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heibonsha-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simmered using <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> into dark-brown <i><a href="/wiki/Tsukudani" title="Tsukudani">tsukudani</a></i>, which is eaten as a condiment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The berries are also available as <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">shoyu-zuke</i></span>, which is just steeped in soy sauce. The berries are also cooked with small fry fish and flavored with soy sauce (<i><a href="/wiki/Chirimen_jako" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirimen jako">chirimen jako</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8A%E3%82%81%E3%82%93%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:ちりめんじゃこ">ja</a>]</sup></i>), a specialty item of <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, since its <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kurama" title="Mount Kurama">Mount Kurama</a> outskirts is a renowned growing area of the plant. </p><p>There is also a dessert named <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirisansh%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirisanshō (page does not exist)">kirisanshō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%B1%B1%E6%A4%92" class="extiw" title="ja:切山椒">ja</a>]</span></i>, rice cake dessert flavored with ground Japanese pepper. It is a specialty in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-kato_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kato-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In central and northeastern Japan, there is also a non-sticky rice-cake type confection called <i><a href="/wiki/Goheimochi" title="Goheimochi">goheimochi</a></i>, which is basted with miso-based paste and grilled, sometimes using the Japanese pepper as flavor additive to the miso.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also being marketed are sansho flavored <a href="/wiki/Arare_(food)" title="Arare (food)">arare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rice_cracker" title="Rice cracker">rice crackers</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> snack foods, and sweet sansho-<a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">mochi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korean_cuisine">Korean cuisine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Korean cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chueotang_chopi_(Zanthoxylum_piperitum)_deulkkae_(Perilla_frutescens)_buchu_(Allium_tuberosum).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chueotang_chopi_%28Zanthoxylum_piperitum%29_deulkkae_%28Perilla_frutescens%29_buchu_%28Allium_tuberosum%29.jpg/220px-Chueotang_chopi_%28Zanthoxylum_piperitum%29_deulkkae_%28Perilla_frutescens%29_buchu_%28Allium_tuberosum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chueotang_chopi_%28Zanthoxylum_piperitum%29_deulkkae_%28Perilla_frutescens%29_buchu_%28Allium_tuberosum%29.jpg/330px-Chueotang_chopi_%28Zanthoxylum_piperitum%29_deulkkae_%28Perilla_frutescens%29_buchu_%28Allium_tuberosum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chueotang_chopi_%28Zanthoxylum_piperitum%29_deulkkae_%28Perilla_frutescens%29_buchu_%28Allium_tuberosum%29.jpg/440px-Chueotang_chopi_%28Zanthoxylum_piperitum%29_deulkkae_%28Perilla_frutescens%29_buchu_%28Allium_tuberosum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Chueo-tang" title="Chueo-tang">Chueo-tang</a></i> (loach soup) served with chopi powder, <a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">perilla</a> powder, and <a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic chives</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Both the plant itself and its fruit (or peppercorn), known as <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">chopi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">초피</span></span>), are called by many names including <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">jepi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">제피</span></span>), <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">jenpi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">젠피</span></span>), <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">jipi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">지피</span></span>), and <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">jopi</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">조피</span></span>) in different <a href="/wiki/Korean_dialects" title="Korean dialects">dialects</a> used in southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, where the plant is extensively cultivated and consumed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the introduction of chili peppers from the New World which led to the creation of the chili paste <a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">gochujang</a>, the Koreans used a <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">jang</i></span> paste spiced with <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">chopi</i></span> and black peppers.<sup id="cite_ref-walton_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walton-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Southern <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a>, dried and ground chopi fruit is used as a condiment served with varieties of food, such as <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Chueo-tang" title="Chueo-tang">chueo-tang</a></i></span> (loach soup), <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Maeun-tang" title="Maeun-tang">maeun-tang</a></i></span> (spicy fish stew), and <i><a href="/wiki/Hoe_(food)" title="Hoe (food)">hoe</a></i> (raw fish). </p><p>Young leaves of the plant, called <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">chopi-sun</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">초피순</span></span>), are used as a culinary herb or a <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Namul" title="Namul">namul</a></i></span> vegetable in Southern Korean cuisine. The leaves are also eaten pickled as <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jangajji" title="Jangajji">jangajji</a></i></span>, pan-fried to make <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Buchimgae" title="Buchimgae">buchimgae</a></i></span> (pancake), or deep-fried as <a href="/wiki/Fritters" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritters">fritters</a> such as <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twigak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twigak (page does not exist)">twigak</a></i></span> and <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bugak" title="Bugak">bugak</a></i></span>. Sometimes, chopi leaves are added to <a href="/wiki/Engraulis_japonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Engraulis japonicus">anchovy</a>-salt mixture to make herbed fish sauce, called <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">chopi-<a href="/wiki/Aekjeot" class="mw-redirect" title="Aekjeot">aekjeot</a></i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Craftwork">Craftwork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Craftwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the thick wood of the tree is traditionally made into a gnarled and rough-hewn wooden pestle (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">surikogi</i></span>), to use with <a href="/wiki/Suribachi_and_surikogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Suribachi and surikogi">suribachi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kojien-sansho_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kojien-sansho-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While sansho wood <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">surikogi</i></span> are less common today, they impart subtle flavor to foods ground with them.<sup id="cite_ref-kato_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kato-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_medicine">Folk medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Folk medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Japan</dt></dl> <p>In Japanese pharmaceuticals, the mature husks with seeds removed are considered the <a href="/wiki/Crude_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude medicine">crude medicine</a> form of <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">sanshō</i></span>. It is an ingredient in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitter_tincture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitter tincture (page does not exist)">bitter tincture</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E5%91%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:苦味チンキ">ja</a>]</sup>, and the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Toso" title="Toso">toso</a></i></span> wine served ceremonially. The pungent taste derives from <a href="/wiki/Sanshool" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanshool">sanshool</a> and sanshoamide. It also contains aromatic oils <a href="/wiki/Geraniol" title="Geraniol">geraniol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dipentene" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipentene">dipentene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citral" title="Citral">citral</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKimuraButGuoSung199682_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKimuraButGuoSung199682-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishing">Fishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, the fruit is traditionally used in fishing. Being poisonous to small fish, a few fruit dropped in a pond make the fish float shortly after.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" class="extiw" title="commons:Zanthoxylum piperitum"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Zanthoxylum piperitum</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Zanthoxylum piperitum">Zanthoxylum piperitum</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_beecheyanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanthoxylum beecheyanum (page does not exist)">Z. beecheyanum</a></i> – <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">iwa-zanshō</i></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">hire-zanshō</i></span>; Okinawan dialect: <span title="Okinawan-language text"><i lang="ryu-Latn">sensuru-gii</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-ECH-Z-beechianum_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECH-Z-beechianum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_schinifolium" title="Zanthoxylum schinifolium">Z. schinifolium</a></i> – <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">inu-zanshō</i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_armatum" title="Zanthoxylum armatum">Z. armatum</a></i> var. subtrifoliatum – <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">fuyuzanshō</i></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korea National Arboretum's entry here is "<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">산초 나무</span></span> sancho namu", with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:나무">나무</a> meaning "tree, wood".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Again, the Korea National Arboretum's entry here is "<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">초피 나무</span></span> sancho namu", with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:나무">나무</a> meaning "tree".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Citation</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WEP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WEP_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWiersemaLeón1999" class="citation book cs1">Wiersema, John H.; León, Blanca (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gZlWfNTm-boC&pg=PA636"><i>World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 636. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-849-32119-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-849-32119-1"><bdi>978-0-849-32119-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Plants%3A+A+Standard+Reference&rft.pages=636&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-849-32119-1&rft.aulast=Wiersema&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Le%C3%B3n%2C+Blanca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgZlWfNTm-boC%26pg%3DPA636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017473-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017473_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRavindran2017">Ravindran (2017)</a>, p. 473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECH-Z-beechianum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECH-Z-beechianum_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECH-Z-beechianum_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaplesKristiansen1999" class="citation book cs1">Staples, George; Kristiansen, Michael S. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jbsdYHEJiDIC&pg=PA100"><i>Ethnic Culinary Herbs: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation in Hawaiʻi</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-824-82094-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-824-82094-7"><bdi>978-0-824-82094-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Culinary+Herbs%3A+A+Guide+to+Identification+and+Cultivation+in+Hawai%CA%BBi&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-824-82094-7&rft.aulast=Staples&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Kristiansen%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjbsdYHEJiDIC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENKNP-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ENKNP_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ENKNP_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ENKNP_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorea_National_Arboretum2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a href="/wiki/Korea_National_Arboretum" title="Korea National Arboretum">Korea National Arboretum</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GZNlCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA683"><i>English Names For Korean Native Plants</i> <bdi lang="ko">한반도 자생식물 영어이름 목록집</bdi></a>. Pocheon. pp. 683–684. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-997-45098-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-997-45098-5"><bdi>978-8-997-45098-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Names+For+Korean+Native+Plants+%ED%95%9C%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84+%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC+%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84+%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D%EC%A7%91&rft.place=Pocheon&rft.pages=683-684&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-8-997-45098-5&rft.au=Korea+National+Arboretum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGZNlCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf">PDF file</a> via <a href="/wiki/Korea_Forest_Service" title="Korea Forest Service">Korea Forest Service</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-honda-m-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-honda-m_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonda1932" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B0%E6%AD%A3%E6%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:本田正次">Honda, M.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span> (1932), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jplantres1887/46/550/46_550_633/_pdf/-char/ja">"Nuntia ad Floram Japoniae XVIII"</a>, <i>Shokubutsugaku Zasshi</i>, <b>46</b> (550): 633, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15281%2Fjplantres1887.46.633">10.15281/jplantres1887.46.633</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shokubutsugaku+Zasshi&rft.atitle=Nuntia+ad+Floram+Japoniae+XVIII&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=550&rft.pages=633&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15281%2Fjplantres1887.46.633&rft.aulast=Honda&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fjplantres1887%2F46%2F550%2F46_550_633%2F_pdf%2F-char%2Fja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walton-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walton_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walton_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2018" class="citation book cs1">Walton, Stuart (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aHtJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT115">"5 Blazing a Trail―chili's journey through Asia and Africa"</a>. <i>The Devil's Dinner: A Gastronomic and Cultural History of Chili Peppers</i>. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's</a>. pp. 104–121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-16321-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-16321-9"><bdi>978-1-250-16321-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5+Blazing+a+Trail%E2%80%95chili%27s+journey+through+Asia+and+Africa&rft.btitle=The+Devil%27s+Dinner%3A+A+Gastronomic+and+Cultural+History+of+Chili+Peppers&rft.pages=104-121&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-250-16321-9&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaHtJDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-standard-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-standard_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Joint_Committee_on_Horticultural_Nomenclature1923" class="citation book cs1">American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/standardizedplan00amer"><i>Standardized Plant Names: A Catalogue of Approved Scientific and Common Names of Plants in American Commerce</i></a>. The Committee. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/standardizedplan00amer/page/535">535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standardized+Plant+Names%3A+A+Catalogue+of+Approved+Scientific+and+Common+Names+of+Plants+in+American+Commerce&rft.pages=535&rft.pub=The+Committee&rft.date=1923&rft.au=American+Joint+Committee+on+Horticultural+Nomenclature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstandardizedplan00amer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kato-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kato_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kato_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kato_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKato1945" class="citation cs2">Kato, Nobuhide (1945), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/plantsgardens3919unse/page/n131"><i>Herbs used in Northern Japan</i></a>, vol. 39, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, pp. 52–53</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herbs+used+in+Northern+Japan&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=Nobuhide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplantsgardens3919unse%2Fpage%2Fn131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKimuraButGuoSung199682-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKimuraButGuoSung199682_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKimuraButGuoSung199682_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKimuraButGuoSung1996">Kimura et al. (1996)</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kojien-sansho-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kojien-sansho_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kojien-sansho_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8rAPAAAAYAAJ&q=%22アサクラサンショウ%22">Sanshō さん‐しょう【山椒】</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Kojien" class="mw-redirect" title="Kojien">Kojien</a></i>, 4th ed., 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heibonsha-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heibonsha_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heibonsha_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heibonsha_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heibonsha_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heibonsha_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkuyama1969" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-script">Okuyama, Haruki (1969) [1968]. "Sanshō" <bdi lang="ja">さんしょう</bdi>. <i>Sekai hyakka jiten</i>. Vol. 9. pp. 698–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sansh%C5%8D+%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86&rft.btitle=Sekai+hyakka+jiten&rft.pages=698-9&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Okuyama&rft.aufirst=Haruki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontreal_Horticultural_Society_and_Fruit_Growers'_Association_of_the_Province_of_Quebec1876" class="citation book cs1">Montreal Horticultural Society and Fruit Growers' Association of the Province of Quebec (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pvRIAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA8-PA25"><i>First Report of the Fruit Committee</i></a>. Montreal: Witness Printing House. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Report+of+the+Fruit+Committee&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Witness+Printing+House&rft.date=1876&rft.au=Montreal+Horticultural+Society+and+Fruit+Growers%27+Association+of+the+Province+of+Quebec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpvRIAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA8-PA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-okada-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-okada_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-okada_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkada1998" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script">Okada, Minoruえｗ (1998). "Wakanyaku no senpin nijū: sanshō no senpin" <bdi lang="ja">和漢薬の選品20：山椒の選品</bdi>. <i>Gekkan kanpō ryōhō</i>. <b>2</b> (8): 641–645.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gekkan+kanp%C5%8D+ry%C5%8Dh%C5%8D&rft.atitle=Wakanyaku+no+senpin+nij%C5%AB%3A+sansh%C5%8D+no+senpin+%E5%92%8C%E6%BC%A2%E8%96%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%81%B8%E5%93%8120%EF%BC%9A%E5%B1%B1%E6%A4%92%E3%81%AE%E9%81%B8%E5%93%81&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=641-645&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Okada&rft.aufirst=Minoru%E3%81%88%EF%BD%97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakihara1983" class="citation journal cs1">Makihara, Naomi (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6GhQAAAAYAAJ">"Spices and Herbs Used in Japanese Cooking"</a>. <i>Plants & Gardens</i>. <b>39</b>: 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plants+%26+Gardens&rft.atitle=Spices+and+Herbs+Used+in+Japanese+Cooking&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=52&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Makihara&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6GhQAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017474_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRavindran2017">Ravindran (2017)</a>, p. 474.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dict-entomology-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dict-entomology_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordhHeadrick2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gordh" title="Gordon Gordh">Gordh, Gordon</a>; Headrick, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9IcmCeAjp6cC&pg=PA309">"Citrus Butterfly"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Entomology</i>. <a href="/wiki/CAB_International" title="CAB International">CAB International</a>. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-845-93542-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-845-93542-9"><bdi>978-1-845-93542-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Citrus+Butterfly&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Entomology&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=CAB+International&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-845-93542-9&rft.aulast=Gordh&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Headrick%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9IcmCeAjp6cC%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanaseOhnoHarakawaNakatsuka2010" class="citation journal cs1">Yanase E, Ohno M, Harakawa H, Nakatsuka S (23 September 2010). "Isolation of N,N-Dimethyl and N-Methylserotonin 5-O-β-Glucosides from Immature Zanthoxylum piperitum Seeds". <i>Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry</i>. <b>74</b> (9, 23): 1951–1952. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1271%2Fbbb.100261">10.1271/bbb.100261</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20834148">20834148</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26028576">26028576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience%2C+Biotechnology%2C+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+N%2CN-Dimethyl+and+N-Methylserotonin+5-O-%CE%B2-Glucosides+from+Immature+Zanthoxylum+piperitum+Seeds&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=9%2C+23&rft.pages=1951-1952&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26028576%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20834148&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1271%2Fbbb.100261&rft.aulast=Yanase&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Ohno%2C+M&rft.au=Harakawa%2C+H&rft.au=Nakatsuka%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wakayama-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wakayama_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakayama_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">prefectural website:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.wakayama.lg.jp/prefg/000200/kenmin/web/200908/ichiban.html">"Wakayama ichban (2) budō sanshō" <bdi lang="ja">和歌山一番②ぶどう山椒｜</bdi></a>. <i>Wakayama Prefecture</i>. August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wakayama+Prefecture&rft.atitle=Wakayama+ichban+%282%29+bud%C5%8D+sansh%C5%8D+%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%95%AA%E2%91%A1%E3%81%B6%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E5%B1%B1%E6%A4%92+%EF%BD%9C&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.wakayama.lg.jp%2Fprefg%2F000200%2Fkenmin%2Fweb%2F200908%2Fichiban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017476_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRavindran2017">Ravindran (2017)</a>, p. 476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndohBeisch200547_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndohBeisch2005">Andoh & Beisch (2005)</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShimbo2001">Shimbo (2001)</a>, p. 261 uses this same metaphor.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShimbo2001">Shimbo (2001)</a>, pp. 261–, "Bamboo shoots tossed with aromatic sansho leaves (takenoko no kinome-ae)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERavindran2017475-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindran2017475_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRavindran2017">Ravindran (2017)</a>, p. 475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toyota-go-hey.jp/cook.html">"Goheimochi no tsukurikata" <bdi lang="ja">五平餅の作り方</bdi></a>. Toyota Goheimochi Gakkai<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goheimochi+no+tsukurikata+%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B3%E9%A4%85%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%9C%E3%82%8A%E6%96%B9&rft.pub=Toyota+Goheimochi+Gakkai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toyota-go-hey.jp%2Fcook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRural_Culture_Association_Japan2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-script"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%B1%B1%E6%BC%81%E6%9D%91%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:農山漁村文化協会">Rural Culture Association Japan</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxVOAQAAIAAJ"><i>Denshō shashinkan Nihon no shokubunka 4: Koshūestsu</i> <bdi lang="ja">伝承写真館日本の食文化 5 甲信越</bdi></a>. Rural Culture Association Japan. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784540062285" title="Special:BookSources/9784540062285"><bdi>9784540062285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Densh%C5%8D+shashinkan+Nihon+no+shokubunka+4%3A+Kosh%C5%ABestsu+%E4%BC%9D%E6%89%BF%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F%E9%A4%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%A3%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96+5+%E7%94%B2%E4%BF%A1%E8%B6%8A&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Rural+Culture+Association+Japan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9784540062285&rft.au=Rural+Culture+Association+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZxVOAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogurasansou.co.jp/item/427.html">"Kyō sanshō arare" <bdi lang="ja">京山椒あられ</bdi></a>. Ogura Sanso<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ky%C5%8D+sansh%C5%8D+arare+%E4%BA%AC%E5%B1%B1%E6%A4%92%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C&rft.pub=Ogura+Sanso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogurasansou.co.jp%2Fitem%2F427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shichimiya.co.jp/SHOP/I0713.html">"山椒あられ"</a>. Shichimiya honpo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E6%A4%92%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C&rft.pub=Shichimiya+honpo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shichimiya.co.jp%2FSHOP%2FI0713.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153320/http://www.sakawa-kuroganenokai.org/mart/shop.html">"Mishō-ya no Sansho senbei" <bdi lang="ja">実生屋の山椒餅</bdi></a>. Sagawa Kurogane no kai. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakawa-kuroganenokai.org/mart/shop.html">the original</a> on 2015-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mish%C5%8D-ya+no+Sansho+senbei+%E5%AE%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%B1%8B%E3%81%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%A4%92%E9%A4%85&rft.pub=Sagawa+Kurogane+no+kai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sakawa-kuroganenokai.org%2Fmart%2Fshop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410155803/http://www.kyogashi.co.jp/a-2-5.html">"Mochi rui" <bdi lang="ja">餅類</bdi></a>. Tawaraya Yoshitomi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyogashi.co.jp/a-2-5.html">the original</a> on 2012-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mochi+rui+%E9%A4%85%E9%A1%9E&rft.pub=Tawaraya+Yoshitomi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyogashi.co.jp%2Fa-2-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF박2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">박, 선홍 (22 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=655908">"음식 잡냄새 잡고 들쥐 쫓아주는 매콤한 향"</a> [Spicy aroma that deodorizes food and drives out harvest mice]. <i>Chungcheong Today</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chungcheong+Today&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%8C%EC%8B%9D+%EC%9E%A1%EB%83%84%EC%83%88+%EC%9E%A1%EA%B3%A0+%EB%93%A4%EC%A5%90+%EC%AB%93%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC%EB%8A%94+%EB%A7%A4%EC%BD%A4%ED%95%9C+%ED%96%A5&rft.date=2011-09-22&rft.aulast=%EB%B0%95&rft.aufirst=%EC%84%A0%ED%99%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cctoday.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D655908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsu1986" class="citation book cs1">Hsu, Hong-Yen (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IelsAAAAMAAJ"><i>Oriental materia médica: a concise guide</i></a>. Oriental Healing Arts Institute. p. 382. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780941942225" title="Special:BookSources/9780941942225"><bdi>9780941942225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oriental+materia+m%C3%A9dica%3A+a+concise+guide&rft.pages=382&rft.pub=Oriental+Healing+Arts+Institute&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780941942225&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Hong-Yen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIelsAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span>, "..citral, citronellal, dipentene; (+)-phellandrene, geraniol;(2)pungent substances: sanshool I (a-sanshool), sanshoamide"</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndohBeisch2005" class="citation book cs1">Andoh, Elizabeth; Beisch, Leigh (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doaOCkcDppMC&pg=PA47"><i>Washoku: recipes from the Japanese home kitchen</i></a>. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-580-08519-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-580-08519-9"><bdi>978-1-580-08519-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washoku%3A+recipes+from+the+Japanese+home+kitchen&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-580-08519-9&rft.aulast=Andoh&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Beisch%2C+Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdoaOCkcDppMC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimuraButGuoSung1996" class="citation book cs1">Kimura, Takeatsu; But, Paul P. 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World Scientific. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-810-22589-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-810-22589-6"><bdi>978-9-810-22589-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Collation+of+Traditional+and+Folk+Medicine%3A+Northeast+Asia&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-9-810-22589-6&rft.aulast=Kimura&rft.aufirst=Takeatsu&rft.au=But%2C+Paul+P.+H.&rft.au=Guo%2C+Ji-Xian&rft.au=Sung%2C+Chung-Ki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DApGfXFYxzRoC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimbo2001" class="citation book cs1">Shimbo, Hiroko (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43puKgiAK2YC&pg=PA261"><i>The Japanese kitchen: 250 recipes in a traditional spirit</i></a>. Harvard Common Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-558-32177-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-558-32177-9"><bdi>978-1-558-32177-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+kitchen%3A+250+recipes+in+a+traditional+spirit&rft.pub=Harvard+Common+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-558-32177-9&rft.aulast=Shimbo&rft.aufirst=Hiroko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43puKgiAK2YC%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZanthoxylum+piperitum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavindran2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/P._N._Ravindran" title="P. N. Ravindran">Ravindran, P. N.</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6pJNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA476">"100 Japanese Pepper Zanthoxylum piperitum"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices</i>. <a href="/wiki/CAB_International" title="CAB International">CAB International</a>. pp. 473–476. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-780-64315-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-780-64315-1"><bdi>978-1-780-64315-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culinary_herbs_and_spices" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template talk:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_cochinchinensis" title="Buchanania cochinchinensis">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Star anise">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167881#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576315">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Zanthoxylum piperitum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167881" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q167881">Q167881</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Zanthoxylum piperitum">Zanthoxylum piperitum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=407020">407020</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5CWNG">5CWNG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ZANPI">ZANPI</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242355596">242355596</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7269282">7269282</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=42197">42197</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/332459">332459</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/775951-1">775951-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=354529">354529</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/1133581/">1133581</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=164606">164606</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Zanthoxylum+piperitum">Zanthoxylum piperitum</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A775951-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:775951-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/19195/wd/Details">19195</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/28101446">28101446</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000429379">wfo-0000429379</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Fagara piperita</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124434444" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q124434444">Q124434444</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5594775">5594775</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=16522">16522</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/773491-1">773491-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A773491-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:773491-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000684930">wfo-0000684930</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&oldid=1259100579">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zanthoxylum_piperitum&oldid=1259100579</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_condiments" 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