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a{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;font-size:0.75rem;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><nav class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiBreadcrumbs-root css-zmi5yr" aria-label="breadcrumb"><style data-emotion="css nhb8h9">.css-nhb8h9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;}</style><ol class="MuiBreadcrumbs-ol css-nhb8h9"><li class="MuiBreadcrumbs-li"><style data-emotion="css 1npbk5i">.css-1npbk5i{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 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class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h2 css-t21enm">Vitoria</h1><style data-emotion="css 1m36rd1">.css-1m36rd1{margin:0;font-weight:700;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1.4375rem;line-height:2rem;padding-top:0.625rem;padding-bottom:1rem;color:#ffffff;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1m36rd1{font-size:2.125rem;line-height:2.5rem;}}</style><h5 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h5 HeroBase_leadP__0yoSv css-1m36rd1">Enciclopedia on line</h5></div></div><style data-emotion="css 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class="MuiStack-root css-ttazfb"></div><style data-emotion="css 11raug4">.css-11raug4{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:12px;font-size:1.75rem;padding:0rem;width:3rem;height:3rem;}.css-11raug4:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-11raug4:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-11raug4.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}@media (min-width:0px){.css-11raug4{margin-right:.5rem;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-11raug4{margin-right:inherit;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 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transform="translate(0.5 0.5)"><circle cx="5" cy="13" r="2"></circle><path d="M5,18c-2.209,0-4,1.791-4,4H9c0-2.209-1.791-4-4-4Z"></path><circle cx="19" cy="13" r="2"></circle><path d="M19,18c-2.209,0-4,1.791-4,4h8c0-2.209-1.791-4-4-4Z"></path><circle cx="12" cy="3" r="2" stroke="#fff"></circle><path d="M15,9.354c-.733-.831-1.805-1.354-3-1.354s-2.267,.524-3,1.354" stroke="#fff"></path></g></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1e2dcm1">.css-1e2dcm1{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css okvapm">.css-okvapm{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css nvagj6">.css-nvagj6{margin:auto;padding:1rem;}</style><div class="gmp MuiBox-root css-nvagj6" id="gmp-masthead"></div><div class="MuiContainer-root css-sknu2o"><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-container css-k6ilad"><style data-emotion="css ljmp5d">.css-ljmp5d{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-md-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-2 Term_termNavigation___AsJE css-ljmp5d" data-nosnippet="true"><div class="MuiBox-root css-0" id="categorie"><style data-emotion="css kp7sva">.css-kp7sva{padding-bottom:0.5rem;margin-top:1.5rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-kp7sva"><style data-emotion="css 1oz9gu8">.css-1oz9gu8{margin:0;font-weight:900;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.125rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1oz9gu8{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodySBold css-1oz9gu8">CATEGORIE</span></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-0"><a style="margin-bottom:0.5rem;display:block" href="/enciclopedia/scienze_sociali_e_storia/storia/storia_per_continenti_e_paesi/"><style data-emotion="css tg1524">.css-tg1524{margin:0;font-weight:900;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1em;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);padding:0.375rem 1rem 0.0625rem;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;display:inline-block;color:#fff;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-tg1524{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (max-width:991.95px){.css-tg1524{padding-bottom:0.25rem;}}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-overlineLabel css-tg1524">storia per continenti e paesi in storia</span></a></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-0"><a style="margin-bottom:0.5rem;display:block" href="/enciclopedia/scienze_naturali_e_matematiche/geografia/europa/"><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-overlineLabel css-tg1524">europa in geografia</span></a></div></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-0" id="tags"><style data-emotion="css nmceeh">.css-nmceeh{margin-top:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-nmceeh"><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodySBold css-1oz9gu8">TAG</span></div><a class="Term_tag__j_oGT" style="padding-top:0.25rem;color:#424242;display:flex;align-items:center" href="/enciclopedia/tag/giovanni-ii-di-castiglia/"><style data-emotion="css 1fiyhv5">.css-1fiyhv5{margin:0;font-weight:300;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1fiyhv5{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}</style><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM css-1fiyhv5">Giovanni ii di castiglia</p><style data-emotion="css xfgsgz">.css-xfgsgz{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;text-align:center;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-size:.8rem;margin-left:10px;}</style><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-right-arrow css-xfgsgz" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><a class="Term_tag__j_oGT" style="padding-top:0.25rem;color:#424242;display:flex;align-items:center" href="/enciclopedia/tag/isabella-di-castiglia/"><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM css-1fiyhv5">Isabella di castiglia</p><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-right-arrow css-xfgsgz" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><a class="Term_tag__j_oGT" style="padding-top:0.25rem;color:#424242;display:flex;align-items:center" href="/enciclopedia/tag/alfonso-viii/"><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM css-1fiyhv5">Alfonso viii</p><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-right-arrow css-xfgsgz" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><a class="Term_tag__j_oGT" style="padding-top:0.25rem;color:#424242;display:flex;align-items:center" href="/enciclopedia/tag/visigoti/"><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM css-1fiyhv5">Visigoti</p><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-right-arrow css-xfgsgz" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><a class="Term_tag__j_oGT" style="padding-top:0.25rem;color:#424242;display:flex;align-items:center" href="/enciclopedia/tag/logroño/"><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM css-1fiyhv5">Logroño</p><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-right-arrow css-xfgsgz" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1t9ge1w">.css-1t9ge1w{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-7 Term_termContent__UHoTq term-content css-1t9ge1w"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;color:#93282C;text-decoration:underline" href="https://images.treccani.it/ext-tool/extra/images/2/21/21ae309de38ddb58c25b8e3df2793752.jpg"> <img src="https://images.treccani.it/ext-tool/extra/thumbs_medium/2/21/21ae309de38ddb58c25b8e3df2793752.jpg" alt="Basotxerri - Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0" class="content-img" width="NaN" height="NaN" style="object-fit:contain"/> </a></div></div><div class="paywall term-paragraph0 Term_elTermParagraph__jPdF6 MuiBox-root css-0"><style data-emotion="css d8t48w">.css-d8t48w{margin:0;font-weight:300;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-d8t48w{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:2rem;}}.css-d8t48w:not(:last-of-type){margin-bottom:1.5rem;}</style><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyL css-d8t48w">(basco Gasteiz) Città della Spagna settentrionale (235.661 ab. nel 2009), capoluogo della comunità autonoma dei Paesi Baschi e della prov. di Álava, a SE di <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/bilbao/">Bilbao</a>. È costituita da due nuclei: a N, su una collina, sorge la <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/citta/">città</a> vecchia; a S si sono sviluppati i quartieri moderni. È sede di numerose attività industriali (meccanica, alimentare, del legno, produzione di apparecchiature elettriche) e mercato agricolo. </p></div><div class="paywall term-paragraph1 Term_elTermParagraph__jPdF6 MuiBox-root css-0"><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyL css-d8t48w">L’antica <style data-emotion="css uehu9e">.css-uehu9e{margin:0;font-style:italic;font-size:inherit;}</style><em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Gazteiz</em>, probabilmente fondata dai Visigoti, acquistò importanza solo nel 10° secolo. Nel 1181 ottenne i privilegi di <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/logrono/">Logroño</a> con grandi franchigie da Sancio VII il Saggio, re di Navarra, che provvide anche a fortificarla con due castelli e con solide mura e le diede il nome di Vitoria. Pochi anni dopo ebbe nuovo impulso da Alfonso VIII. Nel 1431 Giovanni II di Castiglia le accordò il titolo di città, i cui privilegi furono confermati da Isabella di Castiglia. </p></div><div class="paywall term-paragraph2 Term_elTermParagraph__jPdF6 MuiBox-root css-0"> <table summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" class="sinottico"></table> </div><style data-emotion="css fm1z82">.css-fm1z82{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:0.125rem;padding-right:0.125rem;padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-fm1z82{padding-left:0.1875rem;padding-right:0.1875rem;}}@media (min-width:0px){.css-fm1z82{padding-left:1.6875rem;padding-right:1.6875rem;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-fm1z82{padding-left:4rem;padding-right:4rem;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root css-fm1z82"><style data-emotion="css 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È costituita da due nuclei: a N, su una collina, sorge la \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/citta\"\u003ecittà\u003c/a\u003e vecchia; a S si sono sviluppati i quartieri moderni. È sede di numerose attività industriali (meccanica, alimentare, del legno, produzione di apparecchiature elettriche) e mercato agricolo.\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eL’antica \u003ci\u003eGazteiz\u003c/i\u003e, probabilmente fondata dai Visigoti, acquistò importanza solo nel 10° secolo. Nel 1181 ottenne i privilegi di \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/logrono\"\u003eLogroño\u003c/a\u003e con grandi franchigie da Sancio VII il Saggio, re di Navarra, che provvide anche a fortificarla con due castelli e con solide mura e le diede il nome di Vitoria. Pochi anni dopo ebbe nuovo impulso da Alfonso VIII. 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È sede di numerose attività industriali (meccanica, alimentare, del legno, produzione di apparecchiature elettriche) e mercato agricolo.\nL’antica Gazteiz, probabilmente fondata dai Visigoti, acquistò importanza solo ne","image":"https://images.treccani.it/enc/media/images/social=200x200.jpg"}},"tags":[{"query":"giovanni-ii-di-castiglia","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/giovanni-ii-di-castiglia","section":"enciclopedia","label":"GIOVANNI II DI CASTIGLIA"},{"query":"isabella-di-castiglia","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/isabella-di-castiglia","section":"enciclopedia","label":"ISABELLA DI CASTIGLIA"},{"query":"alfonso-viii","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/alfonso-viii","section":"enciclopedia","label":"ALFONSO VIII"},{"query":"visigoti","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/visigoti","section":"enciclopedia","label":"VISIGOTI"},{"query":"logroño","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/logroño","section":"enciclopedia","label":"LOGROÑO"}],"related":[{"query":"castiglia","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/castiglia","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"23d025b2-962a-11de-baff-0016357eee51","title":"Castiglia","abstract":"(sp. Castilla) Regione storica e geografica della Spagna centro-settentrionale; amministrativamente è suddivisa nelle comunità autonome di Castilla y León (➔), Castilla-La Mancha (➔) e Madrid (➔). Estesa su un vasto altopiano (Meseta), costituisce l’unità naturale più ampia e meglio definita della Penisola ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"visigoti","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/visigoti","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"c4e5577b-0838-11e0-9962-d5ce3506d72e","title":"Visigoti","abstract":"(lat. Visigothi) Popolazione dei Germani orientali, appartenente alla gente dei Goti.\n\nOrigini ed espansione in Occidente\nI V., secondo il loro antico mito, emigrarono dalle rive del Baltico nella Russia meridionale sullo Dnestr e sul Mar Nero; in realtà si formarono come popolo solo in queste regioni. ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"baschi","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/baschi","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"5e9b3144-1d58-11de-bb24-0016357eee51","title":"Baschi","abstract":"(basco Euskaldunak) Gruppo etnico localizzato nei Pirenei occidentali, e più precisamente nei Paesi B. e, in parte, in Navarra e, sul versante francese, nel dipartimento dei Pirenei Atlantici (Bayonne, Mauléon).\nComunità autonoma dei Paesi Baschi Nome ufficiale della regione tradizionalmente indicata ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"giuseppe-bonaparte-re-di-napoli-poi-re-di-spagna","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giuseppe-bonaparte-re-di-napoli-poi-re-di-spagna","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"89405449-86d6-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Gius\u0026#xE8;ppe Bonaparte re di Napoli poi re di Spagna","abstract":"Fratello (Corte, Corsica, 1768 - Firenze 1844) di Napoleone; dapprima avvocato, e decisamente francofilo, lasciò la Corsica dopo la vittoria di P. Paoli nel 1793, rifugiandosi in Francia. Con le fortune del fratello ebbero inizio anche le sue: chiamato in Italia, prese parte alle trattative per l'armistizio ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"porto_res-607fc73c-e1d3-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/porto_res-607fc73c-e1d3-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"607fc73c-e1d3-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","title":"Porto","abstract":"(ant. Oporto) Città del Portogallo nord-occidentale (216.080 ab. nel 2008), capoluogo del distretto omonimo. È situata sulla riva settentrionale del Duero, 5 km a monte della foce del fiume. È la seconda città per importanza del Portogallo, dopo Lisbona, e l’unica grande città del Nord, sbocco commerciale ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"iberi","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/iberi","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"f014da0e-ba5c-11df-9cd8-d5ce3506d72e","title":"Iberi","abstract":"(lat. Iberi, Hiberi) Nome attribuito dapprima agli abitanti della parte orientale della Spagna prelatina (distinti dai Tartessi, abitanti nella zona meridionale) e poi esteso a tutta la penisola. 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