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常遇春 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早年征战" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早年征战"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>早年征战</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早年征战-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-讨陈友谅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#讨陈友谅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>讨陈友谅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-讨陈友谅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-讨张士诚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#讨张士诚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>讨张士诚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-讨张士诚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北伐大都" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北伐大都"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>北伐大都</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北伐大都-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-家庭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#家庭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>家庭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-家庭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影视形象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影视形象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>影视形象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影视形象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">常遇春</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。8种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86" title="تشانج يو تشون – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشانج يو تشون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cchang_J%C3%BC-%C4%8Dchun" title="Čchang Jü-čchun – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čchang Jü-čchun" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Yuchun" title="Chang Yuchun – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chang Yuchun" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Yuchun" title="Chang Yuchun – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chang Yuchun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" title="常遇春 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="常遇春" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AE%D0%B9%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чан Юйчунь – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чан Юйчунь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Ng%E1%BB%99_Xu%C3%A2n" title="Thường Ngộ Xuân – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thường Ngộ Xuân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" title="常遇春 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="常遇春" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q388248#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> 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#a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox bordered vcard" style="width: 21em; font-size: 89%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="color: #000; background-color: #FFFFDD; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">常遇春</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="常遇春像，取自清代上官周《晚笑堂画传》"><img alt="常遇春像，取自清代上官周《晚笑堂画传》" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5.jpg/200px-%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="435" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5.jpg/300px-%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5.jpg/400px-%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="1659" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">常遇春像，取自清代上官周《晚笑堂画传》</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:center;background:#CDDBE8; color: #000; font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;">大明太子少保中书平章军国重事征虏副将军</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">爵位</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">鄂国公<br />追封开平王</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">籍貫</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E8%BF%9C%E5%8E%BF" title="怀远县">怀远县</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">字號</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">字伯仁<br />号燕衡</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">諡號</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">忠武</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%A1%BA" title="至顺">至顺</a>元年（1330年）<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E6%B1%9F%E5%8C%97%E7%AD%89%E5%A4%84%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%AD%E4%B9%A6%E7%9C%81" title="河南江北等处行中书省">河南江北等处行中书省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%B0%E8%B7%AF" title="安丰路">安丰路</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="濠州">濠州</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E8%BF%9C%E5%8E%BF" title="怀远县">怀远县</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6" title="洪武">洪武</a>二年七月七日（1369年8月9日）<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%B3%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柳河川（页面不存在）">柳河川</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">墓葬</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5%E5%A2%93" title="常遇春墓">常遇春墓</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">配偶</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">开平王夫人蓝氏</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">親屬</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="org">長子<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E8%8C%82" title="常茂">常茂</a><br />次子<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%8D%87" title="常升">常升</a><br />三子<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="常森">常森</a><br />长女<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E6%87%BF%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A6%83" title="敬懿皇太子妃">常氏</a>（孝康皇后）<br />次女<br />三女</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>常遇春</b>（1330年—1369年8月9日），<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a><b>伯仁</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B7" title="号">号</a><b>燕衡</b>。祖籍<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%9B%B4%E9%9A%B6" title="南直隶">南直隶</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E8%BF%9C%E5%8E%BF" title="怀远县">怀远</a>（今属安徽），和阳（<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D)" title="和州 (元朝)">和州</a>，今<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="安徽">安徽</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%8E%BF" title="和县">和县</a>）人，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>开国名将。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A0%86%E5%B8%9D" title="元順帝">元顺帝</a>至正十五年（1355年），归附朱元璋，自请为前锋，力战克敌，尝自言能将十万众，横行天下，军中称<b>常十万</b>，官至<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%AB%A0%E4%BA%8B" title="同平章事">中书平章军国重事</a>，兼太子少保，封<b>鄂国公</b>。洪武二年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96%E5%8C%97%E4%BC%90" class="mw-disambig" title="明太祖北伐">北伐中原</a>，暴卒军中，年仅四十，用宋太宗丧韩王<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E6%99%AE" title="赵普">赵普</a>故事，追赠<b>翊运推诚宣德靖远功臣</b>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%BA%9C%E4%BB%AA%E5%90%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%B8" title="开府仪同三司">开府仪同三司</a>、上柱国、太保、中书右丞相，追封<b>开平王</b>，谥号<b>忠武</b>，配享<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%BA%99" title="太庙">太庙</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早年征战"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E5.B9.B4.E5.BE.81.E6.88.98"></span>早年征战</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：早年征战"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>常遇春體貌奇偉，勇力絕倫，猿臂善射，統軍有方，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E6%AD%A3" title="至正">至正</a>十二年（1352年）初為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E8%81%9A" title="劉聚">劉聚</a>麾下，后察觉到劉聚不能成事。又聽聞人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90)" title="和州 (北齐)">和州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B" title="朱元璋">朱元璋</a>恩威日著、兵行有律，遂單獨率領十餘人，前去歸附朱元璋。至正十五年（1355年）四月，常遇春未到时，在田间睡觉，梦见有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神祇</a>身披盔甲手持盾牌说：“起起，主君來。”常遇春惊醒，正好碰见朱元璋，常遇春上前迎拜，並請求朱元璋讓其加入麾下<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不久后，常遇春自请担任前锋。朱元璋说道：“你只不过是因为饥饿来寻找食物，我怎么能将你留下呢？”常遇春仍坚决请求。朱元璋便说道：“等到渡江之后，你再来为我效力也不迟呀？”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>同年六月，常遇春隨<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B" title="朱元璋">朱元璋</a>渡江南下，參加采石（今<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="马鞍山市">马鞍山市</a>之南）戰役，进逼<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E6%B8%9A%E7%9F%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛渚矶（页面不存在）">牛渚矶</a>，元兵列阵矶上，朱元璋军船离岸三丈多，没人能登上岸。常遇春飞舟而至，朱元璋命他向前冲击，常遇春领命，挥戈直冲向前。元兵抓住他的戈，常遇春乘势一跃，跳上石矶，大声喊叫冲入敌阵，元军望风而逃。诸将乘胜上岸攻击，于是攻克采石，攻取<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E8%B7%AF_(%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD)" title="太平路 (安徽)">太平</a>。常遇春被授以总管府先锋，晋升为总管都督<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。当时，朱元璋将士的妻子儿女及辎重都在<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90)" title="和州 (北齐)">和州</a>，元中丞<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9B%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蛮子海牙（页面不存在）">蛮子海牙</a>再次以水师袭据采石，使朱元璋军回和州的道路中途被阻。朱元璋亲自率军进攻，派常遇春到处布兵迷惑元军，分散元军的兵力。两军会合后，常遇春操纵轻舟，将蛮子海牙的船队一分为二，然后从左右两侧猛攻，将其大败，尽获其船，江路重新畅通无阻。随即受命驻守<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%A7%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="溧阳市">溧阳</a>。至正十六年二月，跟随朱元璋进攻<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%BA%86%E8%B7%AF" title="集庆路">集庆</a>，功劳最大<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="讨陈友谅"><span id=".E8.AE.A8.E9.99.88.E5.8F.8B.E8.B0.85"></span>讨陈友谅</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：讨陈友谅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>攻占集庆后，常遇春随<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E8%BE%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="徐达">徐达</a>攻取<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="镇江">镇江</a>，进取<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="常州">常州</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A3%AB%E8%AF%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="张士诚">张士诚</a>军将徐达围困在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E5%A1%98%E9%95%87" title="牛塘镇">牛塘</a>，常遇春前去援救，擒获敌将，晋升为统军大元帅。次年，攻克<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="常州">常州</a>，升为中翼大元帅。又随徐达进攻<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%9B%BD%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="宁国路">宁国</a>，被飞箭射中，他裹住伤口之后坚持战斗，攻克<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="宁国府">宁国</a>。另外攻取<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E9%A9%BC%E6%B2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马驼沙（页面不存在）">马驼沙</a>，以水师攻取<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="池州">池州</a>，晋升为行省都督马步水军大元帅。又随徐达攻取<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%BA%E5%B7%9E" title="婺州">婺州</a>，转任同佥枢密院事，驻守婺州<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。至正十九年（1359年）七月，常遇春率部进攻<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A2%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="衢州">衢州</a>，首先派奇兵突入围绕南门外的小城，毁掉敌军武器，然后发动猛攻，将城攻破，俘获士兵一万人，晋升为佥枢密院事。不久，常遇春率军进攻<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="杭州府">杭州</a>，战斗失利，应召返回<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E5%A4%A9%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" title="应天府 (明朝)">应天</a>。同年十一月，跟随徐达攻取<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E6%99%AE%E8%83%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="赵普胜">赵普胜</a>的水寨，随守<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="池州">池州</a>，大破<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%8F%8B%E8%B0%85" title="陈友谅">陈友谅</a>近衛兵于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="九华山">九华山</a>下，斩首万人，生擒三千人<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。常遇春说：“这是一支劲旅，不杀会成为后患。”徐达认为不可，于是上报朱元璋。而常遇春先前在夜晚已坑杀俘虏过半，朱元璋不高兴，于是将其余俘虏全部释放<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>至正二十年（1360年），陈友谅进逼<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-disambig" title="龙湾">龙湾</a>，常遇春以五路军设下埋伏，大破陈友谅军，收复太平，功劳最大。朱元璋率军追击陈友谅至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B)" title="江州 (北宋)">江州</a>，命常遇春留守，他执法严格，城中军民井然守序，不敢有所冒犯，又晋升为行省参知政事。并随攻<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="安庆">安庆</a>，陈友谅军出江四处拦截，常遇春率军出击，陈友谅军慌忙调头逃跑，乘胜攻取江州，然后还守龙湾，兵援<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%85%B4%E5%8E%BF" title="长兴县">长兴</a>，俘杀张士诚军五千余人，张士诚军将领<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%87" title="李伯升">李伯升</a>突围逃走。此后，常遇春军受命加固安庆城<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在此之前，朱元璋所任用的将帅中功劳最大的，有平章<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E8%8D%A3" title="邵荣">邵荣</a>、右丞徐达与常遇春三人。而邵荣此时与参政<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%B5%E7%BB%A7%E7%A5%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赵继祖（页面不存在）">赵继祖</a>图谋设伏兵发动兵变。事情败露之后，朱元璋想赦免邵荣的死罪，常遇春秉直说道：“为人之臣有了谋反的罪名，还有什么可以原谅的呢？我决不与其共生。”朱元璋于是赐邵荣喝酒，流着眼泪将其处死，因为这件事，朱元璋更加倚重常遇春<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="池州市">池州</a>守将<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E5%8F%8B%E8%B4%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗友贤（页面不存在）">罗友贤</a>占据神山寨，私通张士诚，常遇春将其打败并斩首。至正二十三年（1363年），又跟随朱元璋援救<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%B1%90" class="mw-disambig" title="安豐">安丰</a>，等到常遇春率军到达时，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E7%8F%8D" title="吕珍">吕珍</a>已经攻陷安丰，杀死<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%A6%8F%E9%80%9A" title="刘福通">刘福通</a>，听说大军到来，便率强兵扼守，朱元璋左右军都进攻失败，常遇春横击敌阵，三战三捷，俘获士兵、马匹无数。然后跟随徐达围攻<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="庐州">庐州</a>。城将攻破时，陈友谅围攻<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="洪都">洪都</a>，常遇春应召返回，与陈友谅军在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E8%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="彭蠡">彭蠡</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E9%83%8E%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康郎山（页面不存在）">康郎山</a>遭遇<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。陈友谅军船大，又处于上流，前锋非常强大。常遇春协同诸将投入作战，呼声震天动地，无不以一当百。陈友谅部下<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%AE%9A%E8%BE%B9" title="张定边">张定边</a>直冲朱元璋的指挥船，船已搁浅，朱元璋处境非常危险。常遇春射中张定边，朱元璋的船才得以脱险，而常遇春的船却又搁浅。这时，有一只坏船顺流而下，碰撞常遇春的船只，这才得以离开浅滩。转战三日，放火烧毁陈友谅军船只，湖水因此变成红色，陈友谅不敢再战。诸将认为陈友谅军兵力仍然较强，想放他们离开，唯独常遇春不说话。等到船出<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%8E%BF" title="湖口县">湖口</a>时，诸将正要放船东下，朱元璋却命令扼住上游。常遇春便溯江而上，诸将跟随其后。陈友谅走投无路，率百船突围。诸将半路拦截陈军，陈友谅军于是分崩瓦解，陈友谅战死，史称“<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B1%E9%98%B3%E6%B9%96%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="鄱阳湖之战">鄱阳湖之战</a>”。还师之后，常遇春功劳最大，朱元璋赏赐给他很多黄金、布帛、田地。攻武昌时，朱元璋返回应天，命常遇春留下督军围困<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%98%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="武昌">武昌</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="讨张士诚"><span id=".E8.AE.A8.E5.BC.A0.E5.A3.AB.E8.AF.9A"></span>讨张士诚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：讨张士诚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>至正二十四年（1364年），朱元璋即吴王位，晋升常遇春为平章政事。朱元璋又派兵进攻武昌，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%B1%89" class="mw-redirect" title="陈汉">陈汉</a>丞相<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%BF%85%E5%85%88" title="張必先">张必先</a>自岳阳来援，常遇春乘其还未会合，迅速进攻，将张必先擒获。城中士气尽失，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%90%86_(%E5%85%83%E6%9C%AB)" title="陈理 (元末)">陈理</a>投降，常遇春尽取荆、湖之地<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然后随徐达攻取<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="庐州">庐州</a>，另外率军平定临江的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="沙坑">沙坑</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻岭（页面不存在）">麻岭</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛陂（页面不存在）">牛陂</a>等寨，擒获知州<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%85%8B%E6%98%8E" title="邓克明">邓克明</a>，攻下<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%AE%89%E5%8E%BF" title="吉安县">吉安</a>。围攻<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="赣州市">赣州</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%A4%A9%E7%91%9E" title="熊天瑞">熊天瑞</a>固守不下。朱元璋派使者告诫常遇春：“攻克此城时，不要多杀人。如果获得了地盘却没有人民，那又有什么好处呢？”于是常遇春疏通壕沟，设立栅栏，围攻赣州，屯兵六个月，熊天瑞兵力耗尽，于是投降，常遇春没有杀他。朱元璋大为高兴，赐信褒奖勉励。常遇春于是凭军威招降了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="南雄">南雄</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B6%E5%B7%9E" title="韶州">韶州</a>，回军时又平定<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="安陆">安陆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%84%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="襄阳">襄阳</a>。又随徐达攻克<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰州">泰州</a>，打败<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A3%AB%E8%AF%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="张士诚">张士诚</a>的援兵，督促水军在海安坝建造围墙阻拦敌军<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>同年秋天，常遇春任副将军，率军伐吴。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B9%96" title="太湖">太湖</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%97%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毗山（页面不存在）">毗山</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8C%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三里桥（页面不存在）">三里桥</a>打败张士诚军，进逼<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="湖州市">湖州</a>。张士诚派兵来援，驻扎旧馆，出现在常遇春大军之后。常遇春率奇兵由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大全港（页面不存在）">大全港</a>扎营东阡，更处于张士诚援兵之后。张士诚军派出精兵出击，常遇春率军奋力攻击，将敌兵打败。在平望袭击其右丞<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E7%BE%A9" title="徐義">徐义</a>，将其赤龙船全部烧毁，又败之于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%95%87%E9%95%87" title="乌镇镇">乌镇</a>，向北追击至<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%97%E9%95%87" title="八里店镇">升山</a>，攻破其水陆寨，将旧馆援兵全部俘获，湖州遂被攻下。进而围攻<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B1%9F%E8%B7%AF_(%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D)" title="平江路 (元朝)">平江</a>，驻军<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E4%B8%98%E5%8C%BA" title="虎丘区">虎丘</a>。张士诚偷偷率军靠近常遇春，常遇春与其战于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%BF%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北濠（页面不存在）">北濠</a>，将其打败，几乎俘获张士诚。至正二十六年（1366年）八月，經過十個月的攻堅戰，突破平江城，俘虏<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A3%AB%E8%AF%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="张士诚">张士诚</a>及其部下25萬人，為之前獨身大戰萬人而死的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%BE%B7%E8%88%88" title="丁德興">丁德興</a>報仇，晋升中书平章军国重事，封鄂国公<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。攻破蘇州城時進行屠殺，「所過之處，屠戮殆盡」。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北伐大都"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E4.BC.90.E5.A4.A7.E9.83.BD"></span>北伐大都</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：北伐大都"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E6%AD%A3" title="至正">至正</a>二十七年（1367年）十月，常遇春被授为征虏副将军，隨<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E9%81%94" title="徐達">徐達</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BC%90" title="北伐">北伐</a>。朱元璋亲自嘱咐他：“面对百万之众，击溃敌人精锐部队，攻陷敌人的坚固阵地，无人能比得上副将军。我不担心你不能打胜，而担心你轻战。你身为大将，好与兵卒角斗，这尤其不是我所期望的。”常遇春跪下拜谢。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6" title="洪武">洪武</a>元年（1368年），朱元璋称帝，任命常遇春兼太子少保。随攻山东诸郡后，又攻取<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B4%E6%A2%81" title="汴梁">汴梁</a>，进取河南。元兵五万军队陈兵<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="洛水">洛水</a>之北，常遇春单骑冲向元阵，元军二十多名骑兵手持长矛一齐刺向常遇春，而常遇春一箭将其前锋射死，大叫一声冲入元阵，麾下士兵也跟随他向前冲去。元兵大溃，常遇春追奔五十余里。降服梁王<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E6%B8%A9" title="阿鲁温">阿鲁温</a>，河南郡县依次被攻下。常遇春到汴梁谒见朱元璋后，与徐达一起攻下河北诸郡。先锋攻取<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C)" title="德州 (山东)">德州</a>后，常遇春率水师沿黄河而进，破元兵于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河西务（页面不存在）">河西务</a>，攻克<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%9E%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="通州区 (北京市)">通州</a>。八月，与徐达攻破<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大都">大都</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A1%BA%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="元顺帝">元顺帝</a>北逃，另外攻下<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BA%9C" title="保定府">保定</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%97%B4%E5%BA%9C" title="河间府">河间</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9A%E5%BA%9C" title="真定府">真定</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>常遇春与徐达一起进攻<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="太原">太原</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%BF%9D%E4%BF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="王保保">扩廓帖木儿</a>前来救援。常遇春对徐达说：“我军骑兵虽然已经聚集，但步兵还未赶到，突然与敌人发生战斗，一定会死伤很多，只有趁夜攻打才能获胜。”这时正好扩廓帖木儿的部将<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%81%E9%BC%BB%E9%A9%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="豁鼻马（页面不存在）">豁鼻马</a>前来约定投降之事，便暂且请他作为内应，挑选精锐骑兵口含木片，悄悄出发去袭击敌人。扩廓帖木儿当时正点着蜡烛学习军书，仓促之间不知所措，赤着一只脚，骑上一匹瘦弱的马，率领十八名骑兵逃往<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E5%B8%82" title="大同市">大同</a>。豁鼻马投降，常遇春获得四万士兵，攻克太原。常遇春追击扩廓帖木儿到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="忻州">忻州</a>之后才返回。朱元璋下诏改常遇春为左副将军，位居右副将军<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E8%83%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="冯胜">冯胜</a>之上。然后向北攻取大同，转而攻下<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%89%E5%85%83%E8%B7%AF" title="奉元路">奉元路</a>，与冯胜军会合，向西攻占<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E7%BF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="凤翔">凤翔</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>洪武二年（1369年），元将<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%80%9F" title="也速">也速</a>进攻<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%9E%E5%8C%BA" title="通州区">通州</a>，朱元璋命令常遇春返回警备，命平章<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%BF%A0_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" title="李文忠 (明朝)">李文忠</a>为副手，率九万大军从北平出发，向<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="会州">会州</a>前进，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A6%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="锦州">锦州</a>击败元将<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%B8%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江文清（页面不存在）">江文清</a>，在全宁击败<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%80%9F" title="也速">也速</a>。进攻<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B4%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大兴州（页面不存在）">大兴州</a>时，将一千骑兵分八路埋伏。守将趁夜逃走，常遇春将他们全都擒获。之后率军攻占<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%BD" title="元上都">元上都</a>，元順帝逃奔<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="和林">和林</a>。勝利而歸，途中行至柳河川（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河北">河北</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="赤城县">赤城县</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%85%B3%E9%95%87" title="龙关镇">龍關镇</a>西），以“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B8%E7%94%B2%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卸甲風（页面不存在）">卸甲風</a>”病暴卒，年仅四十<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。朱元璋聞訊寫詩痛悼：“忽聞昨日常公薨，淚灑乾坤草木濕”。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5%E5%A2%93" title="常遇春墓">常遇春墓</a>在金陵<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%97%A8_(%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="太平门 (南京)">太平門</a>外，视为<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%9D%E9%99%B5" title="明孝陵">孝陵</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%AA%E8%91%AC%E5%A2%93" title="陪葬墓">陪葬墓</a>。 </p><p>史載常遇春“愛撫士卒”，“每與敵戰，出則當先，退則殿後，未嘗敗北，士卒樂為之用”。追封开平王，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="谥号">谥号</a>忠武<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">計其開拓之功，以十分言之，遇春居其七八。 </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite>——朱元璋</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="家庭"><span id=".E5.AE.B6.E5.BA.AD"></span>家庭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：家庭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>父<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E5%85%AD%E5%85%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="常六六（页面不存在）">常六六</a>，母高氏。妻子蓝氏，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E8%BF%9C%E5%8E%BF" title="定远县">定远</a>人，封开平王夫人<sup id="cite_ref-a1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。妻弟<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%8E%89" title="藍玉">蓝玉</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>常遇春三子，分别为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E8%8C%82" title="常茂">常茂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%8D%87" title="常升">常升</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、常森。三女<sup id="cite_ref-a1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E6%87%BF%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A6%83" title="敬懿皇太子妃">长女常氏</a>以常遇春之故选为太子<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%A0%87" title="朱标">朱标</a>正妃<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影视形象"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E8.A7.86.E5.BD.A2.E8.B1.A1"></span>影视形象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：影视形象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%B0%B8%E5%BC%B7" title="黎永強">黎永強</a>：1978 無綫電視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(1978%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (1978年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%A0" title="劉國誠">劉國誠</a>：1980 麗的電視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%A5%B5%E5%BC%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%B0_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="太極張三丰 (電視劇)">太極張三丰</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%B2%9B" title="秦沛">秦沛</a>：1981 麗的電視《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E4%BF%A0%E5%BC%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%B0" title="遊俠張三丰">遊俠張三丰</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%A9%E9%9B%84_(%E6%BC%94%E5%93%A1)" title="林義雄 (演員)">林義雄</a>：1981 台視 楊麗花歌仔戲《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6%E8%88%87%E5%8A%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱洪武與劉伯溫（页面不存在）">朱洪武與劉伯溫</a>》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E8%90%AC%E4%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定萬仟（页面不存在）">定萬仟</a>：1984 台灣台視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(1984%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (1984年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E9%B4%BB%E8%8F%AF" title="梁鴻華">梁鴻華</a>：1986 無綫電視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(1986%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (1986年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%97%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬宗德（页面不存在）">馬宗德</a>：1987 無綫電視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%BE%A4%E8%8B%B1" title="大明群英">大明群英</a>》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%AD%E9%BA%97%E9%9C%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄭麗霞（页面不存在）">鄭麗霞</a>：1987 台灣台視 <a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E9%BA%97%E8%8A%B1" title="楊麗花">楊麗花</a>歌仔戲《朱洪武》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9D%E5%98%89%E6%AD%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祝嘉正（页面不存在）">祝嘉正</a>：1994 台灣台視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(1994%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (1994年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%BD" title="羅莽">羅莽</a>：2001 無綫電視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(2001%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (2001年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%98%E4%BA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="付亨（页面不存在）">付亨</a>：2003 台灣華視《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(2003%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (2003年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%B0" title="李海峰">李海峰</a>:2006 中國《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B_(2006%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="朱元璋 (2006年电视剧)">朱元璋</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E5%AE%87" title="喬宇">喬宇</a>：2009 中國《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(2009%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (2009年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B5%A9%E8%BB%92" title="李浩軒">李浩軒</a>：2019 中國《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%A0%E9%BE%8D%E8%A8%98_(2019%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="倚天屠龍記 (2019年電視劇)">倚天屠龙记</a>》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388248" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q388248"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%8D%BB%E5%BE%B5%E9%8C%84/%E5%8D%B7%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%94#常遇春" class="extiw" title="s:國朝獻徵錄/卷之五">國朝獻徵錄·卷之五</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E7%AB%91" title="焦竑">焦竑</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%8D%BB%E5%BE%B5%E9%8C%84" title="國朝獻徵錄">國朝獻徵錄</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7125#常遇春" class="extiw" title="s:明史/卷125">明史卷一百二十五</a>》，出自《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》</dd> <dd></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%87%E6%98%A5&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96%E5%AE%9E%E5%BD%95" title="明太祖实录">明太祖實錄</a>》（卷3）：“丁丑，常遇春来归。遇春，怀远人，性刚毅，有勇力，年二十三。为群盗刘聚所得，爱其骁勇，拔居左右。遇春见聚日事剽掠，无远图，察其必败。闻上居和阳，恩威日著，兵行有律，独率十余人来归。未至，困卧田间，梦神人被金甲拥盾呼之曰：“起起，主君来。”忽寤，见上骑从至，即与其徒迎拜，乞归附。上喜其壮勇，用以为前锋。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“常遇春，字伯仁，怀远人。貌奇伟，勇力绝人，猿臂善射。初从刘聚为盗，察聚终无成，归太祖于和阳。未至，困卧田间，梦神人被甲拥盾呼曰：“起起，主君来。”惊寤，而太祖适至，即迎拜。时至正十五年四月也。无何，自请为前锋。太祖曰：“汝特饥来就食耳，吾安得汝留也。”遇春固请。太祖曰：“俟渡江，事我未晚也。””</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“及兵薄牛渚矶，元兵陈矶上，舟距岸且三丈余，莫能登。遇春飞舸至，太祖麾之前。遇春应声，奋戈直前。敌接其戈，乘势跃而上，大呼跳荡，元军披靡。诸将乘之，遂拔采石，进取太平。授总管府先锋，进总管都督。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“时将士妻子辎重皆在和州，元中丞蛮子海牙复以舟师袭据采石，道中梗。太祖自将攻之，遣遇春多张疑兵分敌势。战既合，遇春操轻舸，冲海牙舟为二。左右纵击，大败之，尽得其舟。江路复通。寻命守溧阳，从攻集庆，功最。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%8D%BB%E5%BE%B5%E9%8C%84" title="國朝獻徵錄">国朝献徵录</a>》（卷5）：“三月，从今大将军右丞相徐公达克镇江。夏四月，授承信校尉，领军先锋。秋九月，再攻常州，会新军叛去，与伪吴张士诚合。徐公被围于牛塘，王与诸将力战，大败其众，擒士诚枭将张将军。冬十有一月，除统军大元帅。丁酉春三月，遂克常州，迁中翼大元帅。夏四月，从徐公下宁国。秋八月，克马驮沙，冬十月取池州。戊戌春，擢江南行中书省都督、马步水军大元帅，冬十有二月，上亲攻婺州。己亥夏四月，转镇国上将军、同佥书江南等处行枢密院事，守婺城。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“从元帅徐达取镇江，进取常州。吴兵围达于牛塘，遇春往援，破解之，擒其将，进统军大元帅。克常州，迁中翼大元帅。从达攻宁国，中流矢，裹创斗，克之。别取马驼沙，以舟师攻池州，下之，进行省都督马步水军大元帅。从取婺州，转同佥枢密院事，守婺。移兵围衢州，以奇兵突入南门甕城，毁其战具，急攻之，遂下，得甲士万人，进佥枢密院事。攻杭州，失利，召还应天。从达拔赵普胜之水寨，从守池州，大破汉兵于九华山下，语具《达传》。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“还镇池州，与遇春设伏，败陈友谅军于九华山下，斩首万人，生擒三千人。遇春曰：“此劲旅也，不杀为后患。”达不可，乃以状闻。而遇春先以夜坑其人过半，太祖不怿，悉纵遣馀众。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“友谅薄龙湾，遇春以五翼军设伏，大破之，遂复太平，功最。太祖追友谅于江州，命遇春留守，用法严，军民肃然无敢犯，进行省参知政事。从取安庆。汉军出江游徼，遇春击之，皆反走，乘胜取江州。还守龙湾，援长兴，俘杀吴兵五千余人，其将李伯升解围遁。命甓安庆城。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“先是，太祖所任将帅最著者，平章邵荣、右丞徐达与遇春为三。而荣尤宿将善战，至是骄蹇有异志，与参政赵继祖谋伏兵为变。事觉，太祖欲宥荣死，遇春直前曰：“人臣以反名，尚何可宥，臣义不与共生。”太祖乃饮荣酒，流涕而戮之，以是益爱重遇春。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“池州帅罗友贤据神山寨，通张士诚，遇春破斩之。从援安丰。比至，吕珍已陷其城，杀刘福通，闻大军至，盛兵拒守。太祖左右军皆败，遇春横击其阵，三战三破之，俘获士马无算。遂从达围庐州。城将下，陈友谅围洪都，召还。会师伐汉，遇于彭蠡之康郎山。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“汉军舟大，乘上流，锋锐甚。遇春偕诸将大战，呼声动天地，无不一当百。友谅骁将张定边直犯太祖舟，舟胶于浅，几殆。遇春射中定边，太祖舟得脱，而遇春舟复胶于浅。有败舟顺流下，触遇春舟乃脱。转战三日，纵火焚汉舟，湖水皆赤，友谅不敢复战。诸将以汉军尚强，欲纵之去，遇春独无言。比出湖口，诸将欲放舟东下，太祖命扼上流。遇春乃溯江而上，诸将从之。友谅穷蹙，以百艘突围。诸将邀击之，汉军遂大溃，友谅死。师还，第功最，赉金帛土田甚厚。从围武昌，太祖还应天，留遇春督军困之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%8D%BB%E5%BE%B5%E9%8C%84" title="國朝獻徵錄">国朝献徵录</a>》（卷5）：“未几，其臣立友谅之子理于武昌。冬十月，王帅师讨之，四面合围。甲辰春二月，理衔璧出降，荆湖之地望风皆附。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“明年，太祖即吴王位，进遇春平章政事。太祖复视师武昌。汉丞相张必先自岳来援。遇春乘其未集，急击擒之。城中由是气夺，陈理遂降，尽取荆、湖地。从左相国达取庐州，别将兵略定临江之沙坑、麻岭、牛陂诸寨，擒伪知州邓克明，遂下吉安。围赣州，熊天瑞固守不下。太祖使使谕遇春：“克城无多杀。苟得地，无民何益？”于是遇春浚壕立栅以困之。顿兵六月，天瑞力尽乃降，遇春果不杀。太祖大喜，赐书褒勉。遇春遂因兵威谕降南雄、韶州，还定安陆、襄阳。复从徐达克泰州，败士诚援兵，督水军壁海安壩以遏之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“其秋拜副將軍，伐吳。敗吳軍於太湖，於毘山，於三裏橋，遂薄湖州。士誠遣兵來援，屯於舊館，出大軍後。遇春將奇兵由大全港營東阡，更出其後。敵出精卒搏戰，奮擊破之。襲其右丞徐義于平望，盡燔其赤龍船，複敗之于烏鎮，逐北至升山，破其水陸寨，悉俘舊館兵，湖州遂下。進圍平江，軍虎丘。士誠潛師趨遇春，遇春與戰北濠，破之，幾獲士誠。久之，諸將破葑門，遇春亦破閶門以入，吳平。進中書平章軍國重事，封鄂國公。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%9A%90" title="黃暐">黃暐</a>，《蓬窗類紀》，卷一，功臣紀。學者李卓穎認為蘇州士人黃暐、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E5%85%81%E6%98%8E" title="祝允明">祝允明</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%BE%AA%E5%90%89" class="mw-redirect" title="楊循吉">楊循吉</a>有意記述張士誠事蹟，與常遇春或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E5%92%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="湯和">湯和</a>屠殺蘇州城民形成強烈對比，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="國立中正大學">國立中正大學</a>文學院，〈互文性的書寫行動： 從明代蘇州的記憶爭辯談起〉，載《人文與社會科學簡訊》22卷4期（臺北：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8A%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國家科學及技術委員會">國家科學及技術委員會</a>人文與社會科學處，2021年9月）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“複拜副將軍，與大將軍達帥兵北征。帝親諭曰：「當百萬眾，摧鋒陷堅，莫如副將軍。不慮不能戰，慮輕戰耳。身為大將，顧好與小校角，甚非所望也。」遇春拜謝。既行，以遇春兼太子少保，從下山東諸郡，取汴梁，進攻河南。元兵五萬陳洛水北。遇春單騎突其陣，敵二十餘騎攢㮶刺之。遇春一矢殪其前鋒，大呼馳入，麾下壯士從之。敵大潰，追奔五十餘裏。降梁王阿魯溫，河南郡邑以次下。謁帝於汴梁，遂與大將軍下河北諸郡。先驅取德州，將舟師並河而進，破元兵於河西務，克通州，遂入元都。別下保定、河間、真定。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“与大将军攻太原，扩廓帖木儿来援。遇春言于达曰：“我骑兵虽集，步卒未至，骤与战必多杀伤，夜劫之可得志。”达曰：“善。”会扩廓部将豁鼻马来约降，且请为内应，乃选精骑夜衔枚往袭。扩廓方燃烛治军书，仓卒不知所出，跣一足，乘孱马，以十八骑走大同。豁鼻马降，得甲士四万，遂克太原。遇春追扩廓至忻州而还。诏改遇春左副将军，居右副将军冯胜上。北取大同，转徇河东，下奉元路，与胜军合，西拔凤翔。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%8D%BB%E5%BE%B5%E9%8C%84" title="國朝獻徵錄">国朝献徵录</a>》（卷5）：“洪武二年已酉秋七月七日，银青荣禄大夫、上柱国、中书平章军国重事、兼太子少保、鄂国常公薨于军中，二十三日讣闻，皇帝为之震悼罢朝。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“會元將也速攻通州，詔遇春還備，以平章李文忠副之，帥步騎九萬，發北平，徑會州，敗敵將江文清於錦州，敗也速于全寧。進攻大興州，分千騎為八伏。守將夜遁，盡擒之，遂拔開平。元帝北走，追奔數百里。獲其宗王慶生及平章鼎住等將士萬人，車萬輛，馬三千匹，牛五萬頭，子女寶貨稱是。師還，次柳河川，暴疾卒，年僅四十。太祖聞之，大震悼。喪至龍江，親出奠，命禮官議天子為大臣發哀禮。議上，用宋太宗喪韓王趙普故事。制曰「可」。賜葬鐘山原，給明器九十事納墓中。贈翊運推誠宣德靖遠功臣、開府儀同三司、上柱國、太保、中書右丞相，追封開平王，諡忠武。配享太廟，肖像功臣廟，位皆第二。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a1_20-0"><sup><b>20.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a1_20-1"><sup><b>20.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%8D%BB%E5%BE%B5%E9%8C%84" title="國朝獻徵錄">国朝献徵录</a>》（<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%8D%BB%E5%BE%B5%E9%8C%84/%E5%8D%B7%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%94" class="extiw" title="s:國朝獻徵錄/卷之五">卷5</a>）：“妻定远蓝氏，封开平王夫人。子男三人，曰茂、曰升、曰森，皆上所赐名。女三人，长许为皇太子妃。上所任將帥其最著者三人曰平章邵榮右丞徐達與遇春[……]”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷132）：“蓝玉，定远人。开平王常遇春妇弟也。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》（卷125）：“遇春從弟榮，積功為指揮同知，從李文忠出塞，戰死臚朐河。遇春二子，茂、升。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9E%E5%BD%95" title="明实录">明实录</a>·<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96%E9%AB%98%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84/%E5%8D%B7064" class="extiw" title="s:大明太祖高皇帝實錄/卷064">太祖实录·卷之六十四</a>》洪武四年夏四月[……]○戊申五色云见○册开平忠武王常遇春女常氏为皇太子妃[……]昔君天下者必重后嗣为烝民主皆选勋德之家贞良女子以媲之朕子标年已长以尔常氏实朕功臣开平忠武王长女相结为亲[……]</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto !important; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">貴族爵位和頭銜（明朝） </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>新頭銜</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%82%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄂國公（页面不存在）">鄂國公</a></b><br />1368年–1369年 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1">繼任者：<br />長子<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E8%8C%82" title="常茂">常茂</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0066291">CBDB</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.dila.edu.tw/person/?fromInner=A007332">DILA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.library.sh.cn/entity/person/vrabhv5ogvhuifyd.html">SHL</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newarchive.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/sncaccgi/sncacFtp?ACTION=TQ,sncacFtpqf,SN=009845,2nd,search_simple">Sinica</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E9%85%8D%E4%BA%AB%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:明朝配享太廟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="明朝配享太廟王公大臣" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>配享<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%AA%E5%BA%99" title="北京太庙">太廟</a>王公大臣</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background-color: #FFD700;">十五親王<br />及六王妃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">太祖皇伯考、妣：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%80" title="朱五一">壽春王</a>、壽春王妃劉氏<br />太祖皇兄、嫂：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%88%88%E9%9A%86" title="朱興隆">南昌王</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%B4%E7%9B%9B" title="朱兴盛">盱眙王</a>、盱眙王妃唐氏 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%B4%E7%A5%96" title="朱兴祖">臨淮王</a>、臨淮王夫人劉氏<br />太祖皇兄、嫂：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%87%8D%E4%B8%80" title="朱重一">霍丘王</a>、霍丘王夫人翟氏 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E8%94%A1%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下蔡王（页面不存在）">下蔡王</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%B1%90%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安豐王（页面不存在）">安豐王</a>、安豐王夫人趙氏 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%9F%8E%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙城王（页面不存在）">蒙城王</a>、蒙城王妃田氏<br />太祖皇侄：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%90%B5%E5%93%A5" title="朱鐵哥">寶應王</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E8%BD%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱转（页面不存在）">六安王</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱记（页面不存在）">來安王</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E8%87%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱臊（页面不存在）">都梁王</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E6%B6%A6_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱润 (英山王)（页面不存在）">英山王</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D" title="朱聖保">山陽王</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%97%BA" title="朱旺">昭信王</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taimiao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Taimiao.jpg/80px-Taimiao.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Taimiao.jpg/120px-Taimiao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Taimiao.jpg/160px-Taimiao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background-color: #FFD700;">功臣</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">洪武二年配享：鄖國武闵公<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%89" title="廖永安">廖永安</a> - 虢國忠烈公<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E9%80%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="俞通海">俞通海</a> - 蔡國忠毅公<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%9D" title="張德勝">張德勝</a> - 永義侯<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E4%B8%96%E5%82%91" title="桑世傑">桑世傑</a> - 泗國武壮公<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%BF%E5%86%8D%E6%88%90" title="耿再成">耿再成</a> - 越國武庄公<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%B7" title="胡大海">胡大海</a> - 梁國武桓公<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%9D" title="趙德勝">趙德勝</a><br />洪武三年配享：開平忠武王<a class="mw-selflink selflink">常遇春</a><br />洪武九年配享：中山武宁王<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E9%81%94" title="徐達">徐達</a> - 岐陽武靖王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%BF%A0_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" title="李文忠 (明朝)">李文忠</a> - 寧河武顺王<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%A7%E6%84%88" title="鄧愈">鄧愈</a> - 東甌襄武王<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E5%92%8C" title="汤和">湯和</a> - 黔寧昭靖王<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%90%E8%8B%B1" title="沐英">沐英</a><br />洪熙元年配享：河間忠武王<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%8E%89" title="張玉">張玉</a>、東平武烈王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%83%BD_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" title="朱能 (明朝)">朱能</a>、寧國效忠公<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%9C%9F_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" title="王真 (明朝)">王真</a><br />嘉靖十年配享：誠意文成伯<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E4%BC%AF%E6%B8%A9" title="刘伯温">劉基</a><br />嘉靖十六年配享：营国威襄公<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E8%8B%B1" title="郭英">郭英</a><br />崇禎十七年配享：寧陵武壯王<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AE%E5%8B%9D" title="馮勝">馮勝</a>、麗江武靖王<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%8F%8B%E5%BE%B7" title="傅友德">傅友德</a>、慶國武勇公<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E6%B0%B8%E5%BF%A0" title="廖永忠">廖永忠</a>、濠國武威公<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BC%BC_(%E5%AE%9A%E8%BF%9C%E4%BE%AF)" title="王弼 (定远侯)">王弼</a>、勝國武愍公<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%88%88%E7%A5%96" title="汪興祖">汪興祖</a>、巂國襄烈公<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E6%B7%B5" title="俞淵">俞淵</a>、興國武愍公<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%BF%E7%82%B3%E6%96%87" title="耿炳文">耿炳文</a>、涼國公<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E6%97%BA_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="廖旺 (明朝)">廖旺</a>、東莞恭靖侯<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E7%9C%9F" 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