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Tersedia dalam 32 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حيويات إدياكارية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيويات إدياكارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biota_del_periodu_Ediac%C3%A1ricu" title="Biota del periodu Ediacáricu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biota del periodu Ediacáricu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biota_Ediakara" title="Biota Ediakara – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biota Ediakara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismes_ediacarians" title="Organismes ediacarians – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organismes ediacarians" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabuhing_Ediakariko" title="Kinabuhing Ediakariko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kinabuhing Ediakariko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediakarsk%C3%A1_fauna" title="Ediakarská fauna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ediakarská fauna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacara-faunaen" title="Ediacara-faunaen – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ediacara-faunaen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacara-Fauna" title="Ediacara-Fauna – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ediacara-Fauna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacaran_biota" title="Ediacaran biota – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ediacaran biota" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biota_del_periodo_Ediac%C3%A1rico" title="Biota del periodo Ediacárico – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biota del periodo Ediacárico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C5%ADno_de_Ediacara" title="Faŭno de Ediacara – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Faŭno de Ediacara" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacararreko_biota" title="Ediacararreko biota – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ediacararreko biota" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faune_de_l%27%C3%89diacarien" title="Faune de l'Édiacarien – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Faune de l'Édiacarien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_de_Ediacara" title="Fauna de Ediacara – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fauna de Ediacara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%94%94%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B5%B0" title="에디아카라 생물군 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에디아카라 생물군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Էդիակարյան բիոտա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էդիակարյան բիոտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_di_Ediacara" title="Fauna di Ediacara – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fauna di Ediacara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediakara-fauna" title="Ediakara-fauna – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ediakara-fauna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacarische_biota" title="Ediacarische biota – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ediacarische biota" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" title="エディアカラ生物群 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エディアカラ生物群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faunaen_i_ediacara" title="Faunaen i ediacara – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Faunaen i ediacara" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biot%C3%B2p_d%27Ediacara" title="Biotòp d'Ediacara – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biotòp d'Ediacara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_ediakarska" title="Fauna ediakarska – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fauna ediakarska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biota_ediacarana" title="Biota ediacarana – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biota ediacarana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эдиакарская биота – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эдиакарская биота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacaran_biota" title="Ediacaran biota – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ediacaran biota" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacarafauna" title="Ediacarafauna – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ediacarafauna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khu_h%E1%BB%87_Ediacara" title="Khu hệ Ediacara – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khu hệ Ediacara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediyakaran_biyotas%C4%B1" title="Ediyakaran biyotası – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ediyakaran biyotası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Едіакарська біота – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едіакарська біота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="ایڈیاکاران بیوٹا – Urdu" lang="ur" 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Life_in_the_Ediacaran_sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Life_in_the_Ediacaran_sea.jpg/220px-Life_in_the_Ediacaran_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Life_in_the_Ediacaran_sea.jpg/330px-Life_in_the_Ediacaran_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Life_in_the_Ediacaran_sea.jpg/440px-Life_in_the_Ediacaran_sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption> Kehidupan sewaktu Zaman Ediakara seperti yang dibayangkan oleh para penyelidik sekitar era 1980-an.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Biota</b> <b>Ediakara</b> (sebelum ini dikenali sebagai <b>biota Vendia</b>) merupakan sebuah klasifikasi tempoh <a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">taksonomi</a> yang terdiri daripada semua bentuk kehidupan yang terdapat di Bumi semasa tempoh <a href="/wiki/Ediakara" title="Ediakara">Ediakara</a> (<abbr title="Sekitar">s.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 635–538.8 juta tahun dahulu (<a href="/wiki/Myr" title="Myr">jtd</a>)</span>). Biota tersebut adalah terdiri daripada organisma-organisma yang berbentuk tiub dan pelepah, dengan kebanyakannya <a href="/wiki/Sesil_(motiliti)" title="Sesil (motiliti)">tidak dapat bebas bergerak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NAT-202010282_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-202010282-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StratChart_20223_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StratChart_20223-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat sebilangan jejak fosil biota tersebut ditemui di seluruh dunia, dan jejak-jejak fosil tersebut memberi indikasi kepada kewujudan <a href="/wiki/Organisma_multisel" title="Organisma multisel">organisma multisel</a> kompleks terawal yang diketahui. Istilah "biota Ediakara" telah menerima kritikan daripada beberapa ahli sains kerana penggunaan istilah tersebut yang tidak konsisten, mengecualikan sesetengah fosil sewenang-wenangnya, dan tidak berupaya untuk ditakrif dengan tepat.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Cyanobacterial-algal_mat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cyanobacterial-algal_mat.jpg/220px-Cyanobacterial-algal_mat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cyanobacterial-algal_mat.jpg/330px-Cyanobacterial-algal_mat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cyanobacterial-algal_mat.jpg/440px-Cyanobacterial-algal_mat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption> Tikar sianobakteria-rumpai moden yang ditemui pada tasik masin di tepi pantai <a href="/wiki/Laut_Putih" title="Laut Putih">Laut Putih</a></figcaption></figure><p>Biota Ediakara mungkin telah mengalami pancaran evolusi dalam satu peristiwa yang berlaku sekitar 575 jtd dengan nama cadangannya letupan Avalon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peristiwa ini berlaku sejurus Bumi bebas daripada <a href="/wiki/Bumi_Bola_Salji" title="Bumi Bola Salji">pengglasieran menyeluruh</a> pada tempoh <a href="/wiki/Kriogen_(geologi)" title="Kriogen (geologi)">Kriogen</a>. Biota Ediakara ini sebahagian besarnya hilang sejurus berlakunya peristiwa perkembangan pesat <a href="/wiki/Biokepelbagaian" title="Biokepelbagaian">biodiversiti</a> yang dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Letupan_Kambria" title="Letupan Kambria">letupan Kambria</a>. Kebanyakan pelan badan <a href="/wiki/Binatang" class="mw-redirect" title="Binatang">haiwan</a> yang wujud pada masa kini sudah muncul dalam <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">rekod fosil</a> pada tempoh <a href="/wiki/Kambria" title="Kambria">Kambria</a> bukannya tempoh Ediakara. Hal ini bermakna biota makroorganisma pada tempoh Kambria dijangka telah menggantikan hampir kesemua organisma yang berdominasi pada rekod fosil tempoh Ediakara, walaupun hubungan antara biota-biota pada kedua-dua tempoh geologi tersebut masih diperdebatkan.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Charniodiscus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Charniodiscus.png/220px-Charniodiscus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Charniodiscus.png/330px-Charniodiscus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Charniodiscus.png/440px-Charniodiscus.png 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="1821" /></a><figcaption> Fosil <i>Charniodiscus</i> hampir tidak dapat dibezakan daripada tekstur "kulit gajah" pada acuan tersebut.</figcaption></figure><p>Organisma-organisma tempoh Ediakara paling awal muncul sejak sekitar 600 jtd dan berkembang pesat sehingga fosil organisma tersebut lesap jejaknya sewaktu fasa peralihan yang berdekatan tempoh <a href="/wiki/Kambria" title="Kambria">Kambria</a> sekitar 538.8 jtd. Komuniti Ediakara yang berpelbagai spesiesnya ditemui pada tahun 1995 di <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>, Mexico, ditarikhkan kira-kira 555 juta tahun, kira-kira sama dengan tempoh masa fosil Ediakara yang ditemui pada Bukit Ediacara di <a href="/wiki/Australia_Selatan" title="Australia Selatan">Australia Selatan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Putih" title="Laut Putih">Laut Putih</a> di pantai <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walaupun terdapat fosil saki baki biota Ediakara yang dijumpai selewat <a href="/wiki/Miaoling" title="Miaoling">pertengahan tempoh Kambria</a> (510–500 jtd), komuniti fosil Ediakara yang tinggi biodiversitinya hilang daripada rekod pada penghujung tempoh Ediakara sehingga hanya meninggalkan sedikit sahaja serpihan <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistem</a> yang pernah berkembang.<sup id="cite_ref-ConwayMorris1993_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConwayMorris1993-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pelbagai hipotesis wujud untuk menjelaskan kehilangan biota ini, termasuk kepincangan bukti dari aspek pemeliharaan, persekitaran yang berubah-ubah, kemunculan <a href="/wiki/Pemangsaan" title="Pemangsaan">pemangsa</a>, serta terdapatnya persaingan kemandirian dengan bentuk hidupan lain. Suatu pensampelan stratum Ediakara Akhir merentasi Baltica <span class="nowrap">(< 560 jtd)</span> yang dilaporkan pada tahun 2018 telah mencadangkan terdapat proses diversifikasi organisma, bertepatan dengan keadaan-keadaan yang berkaitan rapat dengan produktiviti keseluruhan yang rendah, daripada produktiviti keseluruhan tersebut tinggi peratusan produktiviti disumbang oleh bakteria, yang seterusnya mungkin membawa kepada kepekatan tinggi bahan-bahan organik terlarut di lautan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Diorama_of_the_Ediacaran_biota_at_the_Field_Museum_in_Chicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Diorama_of_the_Ediacaran_biota_at_the_Field_Museum_in_Chicago.jpg/220px-Diorama_of_the_Ediacaran_biota_at_the_Field_Museum_in_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Diorama_of_the_Ediacaran_biota_at_the_Field_Museum_in_Chicago.jpg/330px-Diorama_of_the_Ediacaran_biota_at_the_Field_Museum_in_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Diorama_of_the_Ediacaran_biota_at_the_Field_Museum_in_Chicago.jpg/440px-Diorama_of_the_Ediacaran_biota_at_the_Field_Museum_in_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption> Rekonstruksi biota Ediakara di Muzium Field di Chicago</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Virgularia_sp._(Purple_sea_pen).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Virgularia_sp._%28Purple_sea_pen%29.jpg/220px-Virgularia_sp._%28Purple_sea_pen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Virgularia_sp._%28Purple_sea_pen%29.jpg/330px-Virgularia_sp._%28Purple_sea_pen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Virgularia_sp._%28Purple_sea_pen%29.jpg/440px-Virgularia_sp._%28Purple_sea_pen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption> Pena laut, sejenis knidaria moden yang mempunyai persamaan dengan <i>Charnia</i></figcaption></figure><p>Proses pengkategorian organisma Ediakara pada <a href="/wiki/Pohon_kehidupan_(biologi)" title="Pohon kehidupan (biologi)">pokok kehidupan</a> telah terbukti mencabar; malah tidak dapat dipastikan bahawa kebanyakan daripada mereka adalah haiwan, dengan terdapat cadangan yang mereka merupakan sejenis <a href="/wiki/Kulampair" title="Kulampair">kulampair</a> (simbion kulat-alga), <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protis" title="Protis">protista</a> yang dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">foraminifera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulat" title="Kulat">kulat</a> atau koloni <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisma" title="Mikroorganisma">mikrob</a>, atau makluk perantaraan antara tumbuhan dan haiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-Pflug_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pflug-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morfologi dan tabiat beberapa taksa (cth. <i>Funisia dorothea</i>) mencadangkan terdapatnya hubungan biota Ediakara dengan <a href="/wiki/Bunga_karang" title="Bunga karang">Porifera</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a> (cth genus <i>Auroralumina</i> ).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genus <i>Kimberella</i> pula mungkin menunjukkan persamaan dengan <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a>, dan terdapat organisma lain yang dianggap mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Simetri_dalam_biologi" title="Simetri dalam biologi">simetri dua hala</a> walaupun bersifat kontroversi. Kebanyakan fosil makroskopik berbeza <a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(biologi)" title="Morfologi (biologi)">secara morfologi</a> daripada bentuk hidupan pada tempoh masa kemudian, ini kerana fosil-fosil tersebut menyerupai bentuk cakera, tiub, beg berisi lumpur atau tilam bergegebar. Disebabkan oleh kesukaran untuk menyimpulkan hubungan evolusi antara organisma-organisma tersebut, beberapa <a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">ahli paleontologi</a> telah mencadangkan bahawa organisma-organisma tersebut mewakili susur galur yang telah pupus sepenuhnya yang tidak menyerupai mana-mana organisma hidup. Ahli paleontologi Adolf Seilacher mencadangkan sebuah kategori peringkat subalam berasingan yakni subalam <b>Vendozoa</b> (kini dinamakan semula sebagai subalam <b>Vendobionta</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-Seilacher1992_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seilacher1992-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dalam hierarki Linnaeus untuk biota Ediakara. Jika organisma-organisma misteri tersebut tidak ada keturunan, bentuk anehnya mungkin dilihat sebagai "eksperimen yang gagal" dalam kehidupan multisel, dengan kehidupan multisel kemudiannya berkembang secara bebas daripada organisma bersel tunggal yang tidak berkaitan.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kajian pada tahun 2018 mengesahkan bahawa salah satu fosil yang paling menonjol dan ikonik pada zaman itu iaitu <i>Dickinsonia</i> mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bobrov-Hope-etal-2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bobrov-Hope-etal-2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan hal ini mencadangkan terdapat pertalian antara biota ini dengan haiwan, kulat atau alga merah.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Xenophyophore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xenophyophore.jpg/220px-Xenophyophore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xenophyophore.jpg/330px-Xenophyophore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xenophyophore.jpg/440px-Xenophyophore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption> Xenofiofora bersel tunggal di Jurang Galapagos</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biota_Ediakara&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" 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a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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S. McMenamin (laman tidak wujud)">McMenamin, M.A.S.</a> (2018). <i>Deep Time Analysis: A Coherent View of the History of Life</i>. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Geology. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-319-74255-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-319-74255-7"><bdi>978-3-319-74255-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+Time+Analysis%3A+A+Coherent+View+of+the+History+of+Life&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Springer+Geology&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-319-74255-7&rft.aulast=McMenamin&rft.aufirst=M.A.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Narbonne, Guy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cprm.gov.br/33IGC/1342961.html">"The Gaskiers glaciation as a significant divide in Ediacaran history and stratigraphy"</a>. <i>33rd <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Geological_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Geological Congress (laman tidak wujud)">International Geological Congress</a></i>. 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Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering. Queen's University. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geol.queensu.ca/people/narbonne/recent_pubs1.html">yang asal</a> pada 2015-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2016-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+and+Early+Evolution+of+Animals&rft.pub=Queen%27s+University&rft.date=2006-06&rft.aulast=Narbonne&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeol.queensu.ca%2Fpeople%2Fnarbonne%2Frecent_pubs1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bobrov-Hope-etal-2018-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bobrov-Hope-etal-2018_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFBobrovskiyHopeIvantsovNettersheim2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bobrovskiy, Ilya; Hope, Janet M.; Ivantsov, Andrey; Nettersheim, Benjamin J.; Hallmann, Christian; Brocks, Jochen J. (21 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aat7228">"Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossil Dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>361</b> (6408): 1246–1249. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...361.1246B">2018Sci...361.1246B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aat7228">10.1126/science.aat7228</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30237355">30237355</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Ancient+steroids+establish+the+Ediacaran+fossil+Dickinsonia+as+one+of+the+earliest+animals&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=6408&rft.pages=1246-1249&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aat7228&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30237355&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Sci...361.1246B&rft.aulast=Bobrovskiy&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft.au=Hope%2C+Janet+M.&rft.au=Ivantsov%2C+Andrey&rft.au=Nettersheim%2C+Benjamin+J.&rft.au=Hallmann%2C+Christian&rft.au=Brocks%2C+Jochen+J.&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.aat7228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|hdl-access=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|hdl=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_access_requires_param" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFGold2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gold, D.A. (2018). "The slow rise of complex life as revealed through biomarker genetics". <i>Emerging Topics in Life Sciences</i>. <b>2</b> (2): 191–199. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fetls20170150">10.1042/etls20170150</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32412622">32412622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Topics+in+Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+slow+rise+of+complex+life+as+revealed+through+biomarker+genetics&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=191-199&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fetls20170150&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32412622&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=D.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biota_Ediakara&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biota_Ediakara&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_BriggsPeter_Crowther2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Briggs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Briggs (laman tidak wujud)">Derek Briggs</a>; Peter Crowther, penyunting (2001). <i>Palæobiology II: A synthesis</i>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science. m/s. Chapter 1. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-632-05147-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-632-05147-2"><bdi>978-0-632-05147-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/43945263">43945263</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pal%C3%A6obiology+II%3A+A+synthesis&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pages=Chapter+1&rft.pub=Blackwell+Science&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43945263&rft.isbn=978-0-632-05147-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span> — Excellent further reading for the keen – includes many interesting chapters with macroevolutionary theme.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFMcMenamin,_M.A.S.1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_A._S._McMenamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark A. S. McMenamin (laman tidak wujud)">McMenamin, M.A.S.</a> (1998). <i>The Garden of Ediacara: Discovering the first complex life</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-231-10558-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-231-10558-3"><bdi>978-0-231-10558-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/3758852">3758852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garden+of+Ediacara%3A+Discovering+the+first+complex+life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3758852&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10558-3&rft.au=McMenamin%2C+M.A.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span> — A popular science account of these fossils, with a particular focus on the <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibian</a> fossils.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFWood2019" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Wood_(geologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachel Wood (geologist) (laman tidak wujud)">Wood, R.A.</a> (June 2019). "The rise of animals: New fossils and analyses of ancient ocean chemistry reveal the surprisingly deep roots of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambrian_explosion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambrian explosion (laman tidak wujud)">Cambrian explosion</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. Jil. 320 no. 6. m/s. 24–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+animals%3A+New+fossils+and+analyses+of+ancient+ocean+chemistry+reveal+the+surprisingly+deep+roots+of+the+Cambrian+explosion&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=24-31&rft.date=2019-06&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biota_Ediakara&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biota_Ediakara&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2020" class="citation news cs1">Watson, Traci (28 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02985-z">"These bizarre ancient species are rewriting animal evolution"</a>. News. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature (journal) (laman tidak wujud)">Nature</a></i> (review)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2022-12-18</span></span>. <q>Early fossils with guts, segmented bodies and other sophisticated features reveal a revolution in animal life – before the Cambrian explosion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=These+bizarre+ancient+species+are+rewriting+animal+evolution&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Traci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-020-02985-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span> — Ediacaran biota review article, with nice illustrations</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010035019/http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/Ediacara.html">"The Ediacaran assemblage"</a>. <i>peripatus.gen.nz</i>. 2010. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/Ediacara.html">yang asal</a> pada 2010-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peripatus.gen.nz&rft.atitle=The+Ediacaran+assemblage&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peripatus.gen.nz%2Fpaleontology%2FEdiacara.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span> — Thorough, though slightly out-of-date, description</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725191154/http://www.complex-life.org/database">"Database of Ediacaran biota"</a>. <i>complex-life.org</i>. July 2010. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complex-life.org/database">yang asal</a> pada 2011-07-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=complex-life.org&rft.atitle=Database+of+Ediacaran+biota&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.complex-life.org%2Fdatabase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span> — compilation up to 7/2010</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070528175308/http://geol.queensu.ca/museum/exhibits/ediac/drook/">"The oldest complex animal fossils"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen%27s_University,_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queen's University, Canada (laman tidak wujud)">Queen's University</a>. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geol.queensu.ca/museum/exhibits/ediac/drook">yang asal</a> pada 2007-05-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+oldest+complex+animal+fossils&rft.pub=Queen%27s+University&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeol.queensu.ca%2Fmuseum%2Fexhibits%2Fediac%2Fdrook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405091608/http://geol.queensu.ca/museum/exhibits/ediac/ediac.html">"Ediacaran fossils of Canada"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen%27s_University,_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queen's University, Canada (laman tidak wujud)">Queen's University</a>. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geol.queensu.ca/museum/exhibits/ediac/ediac.html">yang asal</a> pada 2007-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ediacaran+fossils+of+Canada&rft.pub=Queen%27s+University&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeol.queensu.ca%2Fmuseum%2Fexhibits%2Fediac%2Fediac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-08-03/sa-pastoral-property-nilpena-holds-animal-fossils/4862432">"Earth's oldest animal ecosystem held in fossils at Nilpena Station in SA outback"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. 5 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+oldest+animal+ecosystem+held+in+fossils+at+Nilpena+Station+in+SA+outback&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-08-03%2Fsa-pastoral-property-nilpena-holds-animal-fossils%2F4862432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/landline/old-site/content/2013/s3817544.htm"><i>Meet the fossils</i></a> (TV program audio & transcript). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landline_(TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landline (TV series) (laman tidak wujud)">Landline</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 3 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+fossils&rft.series=%27%27Landline%27%27&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2013-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Ftv%2Fprograms%2Flandline%2Fold-site%2Fcontent%2F2013%2Fs3817544.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABiota+Ediakara" class="Z3988"></span> — ABC TV show on Ediacaran fossils at Nilpena</li></ul> <ul><li>Ediacara Biota on In Our Time at the BBC, 2009, radio program</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biota_Ediakara&oldid=6218697">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biota_Ediakara&oldid=6218697</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:CS1_errors:_param-access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: param-access (laman tidak wujud)">CS1 errors: param-access</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_PMC" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: PMC">CS1 errors: PMC</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Kehidupan_eon_Proterozoik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Kehidupan eon Proterozoik (laman tidak wujud)">Kehidupan eon Proterozoik</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_PMID" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: PMID">CS1 errors: PMID</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 12:35, 9 Jun 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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