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<span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Generations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Generations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Generations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Generations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Generations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_generation_(1955–1957)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_generation_(1955–1957)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First generation (1955–1957)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_generation_(1955–1957)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_generation_(1958–1960)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_generation_(1958–1960)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second generation (1958–1960)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_generation_(1958–1960)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_generation_(1961–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_generation_(1961–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Third generation (1961–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_generation_(1961–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_generation_(1964–1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_generation_(1964–1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Fourth generation (1964–1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_generation_(1964–1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_generation_(1967–1971)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_generation_(1967–1971)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fifth generation (1967–1971)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_generation_(1967–1971)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_generation_(1972–1976)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_generation_(1972–1976)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Sixth generation (1972–1976)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_generation_(1972–1976)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_generation_(1977–1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_generation_(1977–1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Seventh generation (1977–1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_generation_(1977–1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eighth_generation_(1980–1982)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eighth_generation_(1980–1982)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Eighth generation (1980–1982)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eighth_generation_(1980–1982)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ninth_generation_(1983–1988)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ninth_generation_(1983–1988)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Ninth generation (1983–1988)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ninth_generation_(1983–1988)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenth_generation_(1989–1997)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenth_generation_(1989–1997)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Tenth generation (1989–1997)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenth_generation_(1989–1997)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eleventh_generation_(2002–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eleventh_generation_(2002–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Eleventh generation (2002–2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eleventh_generation_(2002–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convertible_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convertible_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Convertible models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convertible_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NASCAR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASCAR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>NASCAR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NASCAR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%A0%EB%8D%94%EB%B2%84%EB%93%9C" title="포드 선더버드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포드 선더버드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%AA%27%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93" title="פורד ת'אנדרבירד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורד ת'אנדרבירד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="フォード・サンダーバード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォード・サンダーバード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_tanderbird" title="Ford tanderbird – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ford tanderbird" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ford Thunderbird" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORD_THUNDERB%C4%B0RD" title="FORD THUNDERBİRD – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="FORD THUNDERBİRD" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1133834#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ford_Thunderbird" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements 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background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Ford Thunderbird</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1957_Ford_Thunderbird_(28911503716)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1957_Ford_Thunderbird_%2828911503716%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-1957_Ford_Thunderbird_%2828911503716%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1957_Ford_Thunderbird_%2828911503716%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/420px-1957_Ford_Thunderbird_%2828911503716%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1957_Ford_Thunderbird_%2828911503716%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/560px-1957_Ford_Thunderbird_%2828911503716%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1957 Thunderbird</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>October 1954 – September 1997</li><li>June 2001 – July 2005</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Model_year" title="Model year">Model years</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1955–1997</li><li>2002–2005</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal luxury car</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports car</a> (first and eleventh generations)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel_drive_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout">Front-engine, rear-wheel drive</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ford Thunderbird</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">personal luxury car</a> manufactured and marketed by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> for <a href="/wiki/Model_year" title="Model year">model years</a> 1955 to 2005, with a hiatus from 1998–2001. </p><p>Ultimately gaining a broadly used colloquial nickname, the <i>T-Bird</i>, Ford Introduced the model as a two-seat <a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">convertible</a>, subsequently offering it variously in a host of body styles including as a four-seat <a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">hardtop</a> coupe, four-seat convertible, five-seat convertible and hardtop, four-door pillared hardtop <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan</a>, six-passenger hardtop coupe, and five-passenger pillared coupe — before returning in its final generation, again as a two-seat convertible. </p><p>At it's inception, Ford targeted the two-seat Thunderbird as an upscale model. The 1958 model year design introduced a rear seat and arguably marked the expansion of a market segment that came to be known as <i>personal luxury cars</i>, positioned to emphasize comfort and convenience over handling and high-speed performance. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Thunderbird entered production for model year 1955, marketed as an upscale, "sporty" two-seat convertible rather than as a <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a>, per se — averting direct competition with the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette" title="Chevrolet Corvette">Chevrolet Corvette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rala_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rala-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the 1958 introduction of second row seating, the Thunderbird led a new market segment, the so-called <i>personal luxury car.</i> Subsequent generations became successively larger until the line was downsized, first in 1977, again for 1980, and once again in 1983. </p><p>By the 1990s, the Thunderbird's core market, the large two-door <a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">coupe</a>, had fallen almost completely out of favor. Production ended with model year 1997, resuming for model years 2002-2005 as a smaller two-passenger convertible. </p><p>From its introduction in 1955 to its termination in 2005, production reached over 4.4 million.<sup id="cite_ref-tast_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A smaller two-seater sports <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a>, named the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Vega" title="Ford Vega">Vega</a>, was developed in 1953 at the request of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_II" title="Henry Ford II">Henry Ford II</a>. The completed one-off generated interest at the time, but had meager power, European looks, and a correspondingly high cost, so it never proceeded to production. The Thunderbird was similar in concept but was more American in style, more luxurious, and less sport-oriented. </p><p>Credit for the development of the original Thunderbird is given to <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Crusoe" title="Lewis Crusoe">Lewis Crusoe</a>, a former GM executive lured out of retirement by Henry Ford II; <a href="/wiki/George_W._Walker" title="George W. Walker">George Walker</a>, chief stylist and a Ford vice president; <a href="/wiki/Frank_Hershey" title="Frank Hershey">Frank Hershey</a>, chief stylist for the Ford Division; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Boyer" title="Bill Boyer">Bill Boyer</a>, designer for the Body Development Studio, who became the manager of the Thunderbird Studio in the spring of 1955; and Bill Burnett, chief engineer. Ford Designer William P. Boyer was the lead stylist on the original 1955 two-seater Thunderbird and also had input in the following series of Thunderbirds that included the 30th Anniversary Edition.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hershey's participation in the creation of the Thunderbird was more administrative than artistic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Crusoe and Walker met in France in October 1951. Walking in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> in Paris, Crusoe pointed at a sports car and asked Walker, "Why can't we have something like that?" Some versions of the story claim that Walker replied by telling Crusoe, "Oh, we're working on it" ... although if anything existed at the time beyond casual dream-car sketches by members of the design staff, records of it have never come to light.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Walker promptly telephoned Ford's HQ in <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a> and told designer Frank Hershey about the conversation with Crusoe. Hershey took the idea and began working on the vehicle. The concept was for a two-passenger open car, with a target weight of 2,525 lb (1,145 kg), a 252 cu in (4.1 L) Ford Y-block <a href="/wiki/Ford_Y-block_engine#256" title="Ford Y-block engine">Interceptor V8</a> based on the forthcoming overhead-valve Ford engine slated for 1954 model year introduction, and a top speed over 100 mph (161 km/h). Crusoe saw a painted clay model on May 18, 1953, which corresponded closely to the final car; he gave the car the go-ahead in September after comparing it with current European trends. After Henry Ford II returned from the <a href="/wiki/LA_Auto_Show" title="LA Auto Show">Los Angeles Auto Show</a> (Autorama) in 1953, he approved the final design concept to compete with the then-new Corvette. </p><p>The name was not among the thousands proposed, including rejected options such as Apache (the original name of the <a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustang</a>), Falcon (owned by Chrysler at the time),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eagle, Tropicale, Hawaiian, and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)#Thunderbolt" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Thunderbolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Witzenburg,_p.86_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witzenburg,_p.86-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Ford stylist who had lived in the southwest submitted the Thunderbird name,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a reference to the mythological <a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">thunderbird</a>, a supernatural bird of great power and strength of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">North American indigenous people</a>. </p><p>At the time, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_R._Breech" title="Ernest R. Breech">Ernest Breech</a>, then chairman of Ford Motor Company, was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_Country_Club" title="Thunderbird Country Club">Thunderbird Country Club</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage,_California" title="Rancho Mirage, California">Rancho Mirage, California</a>. According to club lore, he asked its permission to use the name, which was granted.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Generations">Generations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Generations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_generation_(1955–1957)"><span id="First_generation_.281955.E2.80.931957.29"></span>First generation (1955–1957)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First generation (1955–1957)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(first_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (first generation)">Ford Thunderbird (first generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1955_T-Bird,_aqua.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1955_T-Bird%2C_aqua.jpg/220px-1955_T-Bird%2C_aqua.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1955_T-Bird%2C_aqua.jpg/330px-1955_T-Bird%2C_aqua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1955_T-Bird%2C_aqua.jpg/440px-1955_T-Bird%2C_aqua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption>1955 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:57_Ford_Thunderbird_(9456382888).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/57_Ford_Thunderbird_%289456382888%29.jpg/220px-57_Ford_Thunderbird_%289456382888%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/57_Ford_Thunderbird_%289456382888%29.jpg/330px-57_Ford_Thunderbird_%289456382888%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/57_Ford_Thunderbird_%289456382888%29.jpg/440px-57_Ford_Thunderbird_%289456382888%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="2127" /></a><figcaption>1957 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ford Thunderbird was introduced in February 1953 as a response to <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a>'s new sports car, the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette_(C1)" title="Chevrolet Corvette (C1)">Corvette</a>, which was publicly unveiled in prototype form just a month before.<sup id="cite_ref-HagertyTBird_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HagertyTBird-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under rapid development, the Thunderbird went from idea to prototype in about a year, being unveiled to the public at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Auto_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Auto Show">Detroit Auto Show</a> on February 20, 1954. It was a two-seat design available with a detachable fiberglass hardtop and a folding fabric top.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Production of the Thunderbird began on September 9 of that year, with the car beginning sales as a 1955 model on October 22, 1954. Though sharing some design characteristics with other Fords of the time such as single circular headlamps and tail lamps, and modest <a href="/wiki/Car_tail_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Car tail fin">tail fins</a>, the Thunderbird was sleeker in shape and featured a <a href="/wiki/Hood_scoop" title="Hood scoop">hood scoop</a> and a 150 mph (240 km/h) <a href="/wiki/Speedometer" title="Speedometer">speedometer</a> not available on other Fords. It used mechanical components from mass-market Ford models. The Thunderbird's 102.0 in (2,591 mm) wheelbase frame was a shortened version used in other Fords and the standard 292 cu in (4.8 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_Y-block_engine" title="Ford Y-block engine">Y-block</a> V8 came from Ford's <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(automobile)" title="Mercury (automobile)">Mercury</a> division.<sup id="cite_ref-history_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though inspired by and positioned directly against the Corvette, Ford advertised the Thunderbird at launch as a "personal car of distinction" and put a greater emphasis on the car's comfort and convenience features rather than its inherent sportiness.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1955_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1955-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AM1958_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1958-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jedlinka_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jedlinka-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Thunderbird sold exceptionally well in its first year, outselling the Corvette by more than 23-to-one in 1955 with 16,155 Thunderbirds sold against 700 Corvettes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jedlinka_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jedlinka-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons200590_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons200590-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the Thunderbird considered a success, few changes were made to the car for the 1956 model year. The most notable change was moving the spare tire to a <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Continental" title="Lincoln Continental">Continental</a>-style rear bumper to make more storage room in the trunk and a new 12-volt electrical system.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1955_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1955-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The addition of the weight at the rear caused steering issues. Among the few other changes were new paint colors, the addition of standard circular porthole windows in the fiberglass roof to improve rearward visibility (with a delete option), and a 312 cu in (5.1 L) Y-block V8 rated at 215 hp (160 kW) when mated to a three-speed manual transmission or 225 hp (168 kW) when mated to a <i>Ford-O-Matic</i> three-speed automatic transmission; this transmission featured a "<a href="/wiki/Low_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Low gear">low gear</a>", which was accessible manually via the gear selector. When in Drive, it was a two-speed automatic transmission (similar to Chevrolet's Powerglide). Low gear could also be accessed with a wide-open throttle. In 1956, Ford also added its new <a href="/wiki/Lifeguard_(automobile_safety)" title="Lifeguard (automobile safety)">Lifeguard</a> safety package.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Thunderbird was revised for 1957 with a reshaped front bumper, a larger grille and tailfins, and larger tail lamps. The instrument panel was heavily restyled with round gauges in a single pod, and the rear of the car was lengthened, allowing the spare tire to be positioned back in the trunk.<sup id="cite_ref-Jedlinka_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jedlinka-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 312 cu in (5.1 L) V8 became the Thunderbird's standard engine, and was rated at an increased 245 hp (183 kW). Other, more powerful versions of this V8 were available, including one with two four-barrel <a href="/wiki/Holley_Performance_Products" title="Holley Performance Products">Holley</a> carburetors (<a href="/wiki/VIN" class="mw-redirect" title="VIN">VIN</a> code "E"), and another with a <a href="/wiki/Paxton_Automotive" title="Paxton Automotive">Paxton</a> <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharger</a> rated at 300 hp (224 kW) (VIN code "F"). Though Ford was pleased to see sales of the Thunderbird rise to a highest ever 21,380 units for 1957, company executives felt the car could do even better, leading to a substantial redesign of the car for 1958. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_generation_(1958–1960)"><span id="Second_generation_.281958.E2.80.931960.29"></span>Second generation (1958–1960)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second generation (1958–1960)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(second_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (second generation)">Ford Thunderbird (second generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:59_Ford_Thunderbird_(7367357208).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/59_Ford_Thunderbird_%287367357208%29.jpg/220px-59_Ford_Thunderbird_%287367357208%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/59_Ford_Thunderbird_%287367357208%29.jpg/330px-59_Ford_Thunderbird_%287367357208%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/59_Ford_Thunderbird_%287367357208%29.jpg/440px-59_Ford_Thunderbird_%287367357208%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>1959 Ford Thunderbird hardtop</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the 1955–57 Thunderbird was a success, Ford executives—particularly <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a>—were concerned that the car's position as a two-seater limited its sales potential. As a result, the car was redesigned as a four-seater for 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1958_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1958-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite being released mid-model year, the new Thunderbird began a sales momentum previously unseen with the car, selling 200,000 units in three years, four times that of the three-year two-seat model run. This success spawned a new market segment, the personal luxury car.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1958_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1958-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first individual model line (as opposed to an entire brand's line) to earn <i><a href="/wiki/Motor_Trend" title="Motor Trend">Motor Trend</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Motor_Trend_Car_of_the_Year" title="Motor Trend Car of the Year">"Car of the Year"</a> honors.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was offered in both hardtop and convertible body styles, although the latter was not introduced until June 1958, five months after the release of the hardtop.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunnell2002_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunnell2002-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new Thunderbird was considerably larger than the previous generation, with a longer 113.0 in (2,870 mm) wheelbase to accommodate the new back seat. The increased size also increased the car's weight by 800 lb (363 kg). Along with a new, more rigid <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a> construction was new styling, including quad headlights, more prominent tailfins, a bolder chrome grille, and a larger, though nonfunctional, hood scoop. The engine was the new 300 hp (224 kW) 352 cu in (5.8 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_FE_engine" title="Ford FE engine">FE</a> V8, available with a three-speed manual or automatic transmissions.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1958_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1958-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mid-1958 model year sales were 37,892 units, an increase of 16,000 over the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1958_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1958-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 1959, the Thunderbird featured a new grille and a newly optional 350 hp (261 kW) 430 cu in (7.0 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_MEL_engine" title="Ford MEL engine">MEL</a> V8 engine. Sales increased to 67,456 units. </p><p>For the 1960 model year, the grille was again redesigned along with minor styling changes. A new option was a manually operated sunroof for hardtop models. The dual-unit round taillights featured on the 1958 and 1959 were changed to triple-units. Sales increased again, with 92,843 sold in 1960. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_generation_(1961–1963)"><span id="Third_generation_.281961.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Third generation (1961–1963)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Third generation (1961–1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(third_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (third generation)">Ford Thunderbird (third generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1963_Thunderbird_(14382613191).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/1963_Thunderbird_%2814382613191%29.jpg/220px-1963_Thunderbird_%2814382613191%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/1963_Thunderbird_%2814382613191%29.jpg/330px-1963_Thunderbird_%2814382613191%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/1963_Thunderbird_%2814382613191%29.jpg/440px-1963_Thunderbird_%2814382613191%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4271" data-file-height="2372" /></a><figcaption>1963 Ford Thunderbird hardtop</figcaption></figure> <p>The Thunderbird was redesigned for 1961 with styling that gave the car a futuristic bullet-like body-side appearance. A new engine, the 390 cu in (6.4 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_FE_engine" title="Ford FE engine">FE</a> V8, was the standard and only engine initially offered in the Thunderbird. It was rated at 300 hp (224 kW) and was mated to a three-speed automatic transmission. The new Thunderbird was well received, with 73,051 sold for 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1961_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1961-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The car was 1961's <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> <a href="/wiki/Pace_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Pace car">pace car</a> and was featured prominently in <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s inaugural parade, who appointed Ford executive <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">secretary of defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1961_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1961-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also benefitted from <a href="/wiki/Product_placement#Movies_and_television" title="Product placement">product placement</a>, notably on the popular television series <i><a href="/wiki/77_Sunset_Strip" title="77 Sunset Strip">77 Sunset Strip</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-AM1961_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM1961-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A vinyl-roofed <a href="/wiki/Landau_(automobile)" title="Landau (automobile)">Landau</a> option with simulated S-bars was added to the Thunderbird for 1962 as was a Sports Roadster package for convertible models. The Sports Roadster included 48-spoke Kelsey-Hayes-designed wire wheels and a special fiberglass <a href="/wiki/Tonneau" title="Tonneau">tonneau</a> cover for the rear seats, which gave the car the appearance of a two-seat roadster like the original Thunderbird. The Sports Roadster package was slow-selling due to the high price of the package and the complexity of the tonneau cover.<sup id="cite_ref-history_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newly optional for 1962 was a 340 hp (254 kW)version of the 390 cu in (6.4 L) V8 equipped with three two-barrel <a href="/wiki/Holley_Performance_Products" title="Holley Performance Products">Holley</a> carburetors.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 1963 only, The engine was only available in cars equipped with factory air conditioning. </p><p>Few other changes were made to the Thunderbird for 1963, as Ford prepared to introduce a new version for 1964. A horizontal styling line was added that ran from the front of the car back through the door. Small diagonal chrome bars were added in this area on the door. <a href="/wiki/Alternator" title="Alternator">Alternators</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">generators</a> were a new feature on all 1963 Thunderbirds. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_generation_(1964–1966)"><span id="Fourth_generation_.281964.E2.80.931966.29"></span>Fourth generation (1964–1966)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fourth generation (1964–1966)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(fourth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (fourth generation)">Ford Thunderbird (fourth generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Thunderbird_(1964-66)_(18147211664).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ford_Thunderbird_%281964-66%29_%2818147211664%29.jpg/220px-Ford_Thunderbird_%281964-66%29_%2818147211664%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ford_Thunderbird_%281964-66%29_%2818147211664%29.jpg/330px-Ford_Thunderbird_%281964-66%29_%2818147211664%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ford_Thunderbird_%281964-66%29_%2818147211664%29.jpg/440px-Ford_Thunderbird_%281964-66%29_%2818147211664%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>1966 Ford Thunderbird convertible</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:66_Ford_Thunderbird_(9684280658).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/66_Ford_Thunderbird_%289684280658%29.jpg/220px-66_Ford_Thunderbird_%289684280658%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/66_Ford_Thunderbird_%289684280658%29.jpg/330px-66_Ford_Thunderbird_%289684280658%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/66_Ford_Thunderbird_%289684280658%29.jpg/440px-66_Ford_Thunderbird_%289684280658%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>1966 Ford Thunderbird Hardtop. Rear view.</figcaption></figure> <p>For 1964, the Thunderbird was restyled in favor of a more squared-off appearance, which was mostly evident when viewing the car from the side or rear. Hinting at its roots in the previous generation of Thunderbird, the new model retained a similar grille design with quad headlights and a 113.2 in (2,875 mm) wheelbase. As before, the new Thunderbird continued to be offered in hardtop, convertible, and landau versions. The 300 hp (224 kW) 390 cu in (6.4 L) FE V8 continued as the standard engine. It was paired with a three-speed automatic transmission. For 1965, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_lighting#Sequential_turn_signals" title="Automotive lighting">sequential turn signals</a> were added, flashing the individual segments of the broad, horizontal tail lights from inside to outside. Also new for 1965 were standard front <a href="/wiki/Disc_brake" title="Disc brake">disc brakes</a>. </p><p>The 1966 model received a new egg crate-style grille and a single-blade front bumper. Its restyled rear bumper included new full-width taillamps. The standard 390 cu in (6.4 L) V8 equipped with a single four-barrel carburetor was rated at 315 hp (235 kW), and a 345 hp (257 kW) 428 cu in (7.0 L) FE V8 became the top power option.<sup id="cite_ref-history_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the last year for the convertible until the "retro" models of 2002–05. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_generation_(1967–1971)"><span id="Fifth_generation_.281967.E2.80.931971.29"></span>Fifth generation (1967–1971)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fifth generation (1967–1971)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (fifth generation)">Ford Thunderbird (fifth generation)</a></div> <p><b>1967–1969</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:68_Ford_Thunderbird_(5908835299).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/68_Ford_Thunderbird_%285908835299%29.jpg/220px-68_Ford_Thunderbird_%285908835299%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/68_Ford_Thunderbird_%285908835299%29.jpg/330px-68_Ford_Thunderbird_%285908835299%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/68_Ford_Thunderbird_%285908835299%29.jpg/440px-68_Ford_Thunderbird_%285908835299%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>1968 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1969_Blue_Ford_Thunderbird_rearquarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1969_Blue_Ford_Thunderbird_rearquarter.jpg/220px-1969_Blue_Ford_Thunderbird_rearquarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1969_Blue_Ford_Thunderbird_rearquarter.jpg/330px-1969_Blue_Ford_Thunderbird_rearquarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1969_Blue_Ford_Thunderbird_rearquarter.jpg/440px-1969_Blue_Ford_Thunderbird_rearquarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Ford Thunderbird sedan with the rear <a href="/wiki/Suicide_door" title="Suicide door">suicide door</a> open</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1958 through 1966, the Thunderbird had remained fundamentally the same in concept as a two-door coupe/convertible with two rows of seating. The 1967 model year introduction by <a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln-Mercury">Lincoln-Mercury</a> of the similarly configured <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Cougar" title="Mercury Cougar">Mercury Cougar</a>, the most luxurious of the flood of "pony cars" to follow the wildly successful mid-1964 introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang" title="Ford Mustang">Ford Mustang</a> but still considerably less expensive than the Thunderbird, created a challenge to its market positioning. To combat this, the fifth generation Thunderbird was upsized, and a four-door option was added. </p><p>The new Thunderbird was no longer <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a>, but a body-on-frame construction. The convertible was discontinued in favor of an optional four-door hardtop coupe with <a href="/wiki/Suicide_door" title="Suicide door">suicide doors</a> and a very wide C-pillar.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It received simulated <a href="/wiki/Landau_(automobile)#landau_bar" title="Landau (automobile)">landau bars</a> to help minimize its visual mass.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new front end included a full-width grille and hidden headlights. </p><p><b>1970–1971</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Thunderbird_1971_(7509237148).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ford_Thunderbird_1971_%287509237148%29.jpg/220px-Ford_Thunderbird_1971_%287509237148%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ford_Thunderbird_1971_%287509237148%29.jpg/330px-Ford_Thunderbird_1971_%287509237148%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ford_Thunderbird_1971_%287509237148%29.jpg/440px-Ford_Thunderbird_1971_%287509237148%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>1971 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1970 model year Thunderbird continued with the same platform and many of the same parts and styling cues from the 1967 through 1969 models, such as the sequential turn signals incorporated into the full-width tail lamps. The most noticeable change was in the front grille, where a prominent projection somewhat resembling a bird's beak was added on the centerline, in line with long, angular lines in the hood. The T-bird was offered in coupe or new <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">sports-back</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This passage needs to be better explained. (July 2023)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup> models. </p><p>The 1971 Thunderbird was mostly a carry-over from the 1970 model as Ford prepared to release a new, larger Thunderbird for 1972. It was also the last year to offer a four-door.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_generation_(1972–1976)"><span id="Sixth_generation_.281972.E2.80.931976.29"></span>Sixth generation (1972–1976)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sixth generation (1972–1976)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(sixth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (sixth generation)">Ford Thunderbird (sixth generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Thunderbird_(1971)_,_Dutch_licence_registration_DH-14-92_pic1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ford_Thunderbird_%281971%29_%2C_Dutch_licence_registration_DH-14-92_pic1.JPG/220px-Ford_Thunderbird_%281971%29_%2C_Dutch_licence_registration_DH-14-92_pic1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ford_Thunderbird_%281971%29_%2C_Dutch_licence_registration_DH-14-92_pic1.JPG/330px-Ford_Thunderbird_%281971%29_%2C_Dutch_licence_registration_DH-14-92_pic1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ford_Thunderbird_%281971%29_%2C_Dutch_licence_registration_DH-14-92_pic1.JPG/440px-Ford_Thunderbird_%281971%29_%2C_Dutch_licence_registration_DH-14-92_pic1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2699" data-file-height="2022" /></a><figcaption>1972 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>The sixth generation of the Thunderbird debuted in the fall of 1971 as a 1972 model. With a 120.4-inch (3,058 mm) wheelbase, an overall length of 214 inches (5,436 mm) (growing to 225 inches (5,715 mm) by 1974), and a curb weight of 4,420 pounds (2,005 kg) (over 4,800 pounds (2,177 kg) when equipped with an optional 460 cu in (7.5 L) V8), it was the largest Thunderbird ever produced by Ford. It continued to share the assembly line with the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_series" title="Lincoln Mark series">Lincoln Continental Mark series</a>, as it had since the debut of the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Continental_Mark_III" title="Lincoln Continental Mark III">Mark III</a> in 1968. </p><p>Matching the large size of the car were large engines, including the previous generation’s standard 429 cu in (7.0 L) V8 and the optional 460 cu in (7.5 L) V8, which became standard after 1973. Though offering two of the largest displacement V8 engines ever installed in a production vehicle by Ford, the car's considerable weight combined with low power output caused by restrictive emissions technology resulted in modest performance. <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">Fuel efficiency</a> was corresponding poor. </p><p>The big Thunderbirds were initially popular, with sales peaking at over 87,000 units in 1973 in spite of the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>, but sales had slumped to less than 43,000 by 1975. Sales had a small uptick to almost 53,000 units for 1976, but increasing fuel prices and ever more stringent federal emissions standards led to a downsized vehicle the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-history_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_generation_(1977–1979)"><span id="Seventh_generation_.281977.E2.80.931979.29"></span>Seventh generation (1977–1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Seventh generation (1977–1979)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(seventh_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (seventh generation)">Ford Thunderbird (seventh generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1977_Ford_Thunderbird_at_Belmont,_front_left.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/1977_Ford_Thunderbird_at_Belmont%2C_front_left.jpg/220px-1977_Ford_Thunderbird_at_Belmont%2C_front_left.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/1977_Ford_Thunderbird_at_Belmont%2C_front_left.jpg/330px-1977_Ford_Thunderbird_at_Belmont%2C_front_left.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/1977_Ford_Thunderbird_at_Belmont%2C_front_left.jpg/440px-1977_Ford_Thunderbird_at_Belmont%2C_front_left.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>1977–1978 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>Reflecting the rising demand for more fuel-efficient cars, the model year 1977 Thunderbird was shifted to the smaller 114 in (2,900 mm) wheelbase chassis shared with the 1972–76 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Torino" title="Ford Torino">Ford Torino</a> and its replacement, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_II" title="Ford LTD II">LTD II</a>, which also debuted for 1977. At only 1.2 inches shorter (217.7 vs 218.9) than the 1973-1976 models of the sixth generation,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it still looked large to the eye, and was. As a continuation of the 1974–1976 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Elite" title="Ford Elite">Ford Elite</a>, this generation Thunderbird represented Ford's effort to compete in the high-volume second-tier personal luxury car market occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Grand_Prix" title="Pontiac Grand Prix">Pontiac Grand Prix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Monte_Carlo" title="Chevrolet Monte Carlo">Chevrolet Monte Carlo</a>. </p><p>Along with being shorter, the car was 900 lb (408 kg) lighter, although height and width were relatively unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-oldcarbrochures.org_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldcarbrochures.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A substantial component of the weight reduction was in the drivetrain, where a <a href="/wiki/Small-block" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-block">small-block</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> replaced the <a href="/wiki/Big-block" class="mw-redirect" title="Big-block">big-block</a> V8s of previous years. The standard engine outside California was the 302 cu in (4.9 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_Windsor_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Windsor engine">Windsor</a> V8, while the larger 351 cu in (5.8 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_335_engine" title="Ford 335 engine">351M</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ford_335_engine" title="Ford 335 engine">400 cu in (6.6 L)</a> and T-tops were available as options along with the 351W. In California, the 351 was the standard engine, and the 400 was optionally available. For the first time, a wide, fixed "B" pillar was used, reflecting Detroit's discontinuation of the pillarless hardtop body designs. However, the door window glass remained frameless. </p><p>In 1978, Ford offered the "Diamond Jubilee Edition" to commemorate the company's 75th year as an auto manufacturer. This option package virtually doubled the standard price of the car to almost US$12,000. It included every option available except for a <a href="/wiki/Moonroof" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonroof">moonroof</a> and engine block heater. A similar "Heritage" option package was available for 1979. Though this generation was the most successful ever, with over 955,000 units produced in its three-year run,<sup id="cite_ref-tast_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ongoing fuel-efficiency and emissions concerns caused Ford to downsize the Thunderbird further for 1980. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighth_generation_(1980–1982)"><span id="Eighth_generation_.281980.E2.80.931982.29"></span>Eighth generation (1980–1982)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Eighth generation (1980–1982)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(eighth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (eighth generation)">Ford Thunderbird (eighth generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1982_Ford_Thunderbird.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1982_Ford_Thunderbird.jpg/220px-1982_Ford_Thunderbird.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1982_Ford_Thunderbird.jpg/330px-1982_Ford_Thunderbird.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1982_Ford_Thunderbird.jpg/440px-1982_Ford_Thunderbird.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>1982 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>Reflecting a further industry-wide adoption of smaller vehicle designs in the interest of improved fuel efficiency and emissions compliance, the Thunderbird was downsized again for 1980. Even more squarish, it rode on the compact <a href="/wiki/Ford_Fox_platform" title="Ford Fox platform">Ford Fox platform</a>, which had first appeared only two years prior as the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairmont" title="Ford Fairmont">Ford Fairmont</a>. Compared to the previous Torino-based Thunderbird's large 114 in (2,900 mm) wheelbase and 217.7 in (5,530 mm) overall length, the new Thunderbird lost 5.6 inches (142 mm) of wheelbase and 17.3 inches (439 mm) in overall length. </p><p>Frameless door glass was discontinued in favor of a chrome-trimmed metal frame. The combination of a low-output 115 to 122 hp (86 to 91 kW) 4.2 L (255 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Ford_Windsor_engine#255" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Windsor engine">Windsor V8</a> base engine and a C5 three-speed transmission with 2.26 rear gears resulted in dismal acceleration. The optional 131 hp (98 kW), 302 cu in (4.9 L) Windsor V8, coupled with the optional AOD automatic overdrive transmission and optional 3.45 rear-end ratio, showed only moderate improvement. The heritage of the Thunderbird as a performance personal luxury car was completely lost. </p><p>Reinforcing this reality, a six-cylinder engine was made available for the first time in the Thunderbird's history in 1981, the aptly named, thoroughly anemic, 200 cu in (3.3 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_Straight-6_engine#200" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Straight-6 engine">Thriftpower Six</a> first introduced by the manufacturer in 1963. </p><p>For the 1982 model year, the straight-six was replaced with a more modern V6, the 112 hp (84 kW) <a href="/wiki/Ford_Essex_V6_engine_(Canadian)" title="Ford Essex V6 engine (Canadian)">3.8 L Essex</a>, as the Thunderbird's standard engine. The 4.2 L (255 cu in) V8 was optional. </p><p>At 288,638 units produced between 1980 and 1982, the eighth generation of the Thunderbird had a sales average under 100,000 units a year. This, however, tapered off drastically after the first year, whereas the previous generation had achieved sales records for three consecutive years.<sup id="cite_ref-tast_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ninth_generation_(1983–1988)"><span id="Ninth_generation_.281983.E2.80.931988.29"></span>Ninth generation (1983–1988)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ninth generation (1983–1988)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(ninth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (ninth generation)">Ford Thunderbird (ninth generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1984_Ford_Thunderbird;_Annandale,_MN_(42362510175).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1984_Ford_Thunderbird%3B_Annandale%2C_MN_%2842362510175%29.jpg/220px-1984_Ford_Thunderbird%3B_Annandale%2C_MN_%2842362510175%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1984_Ford_Thunderbird%3B_Annandale%2C_MN_%2842362510175%29.jpg/330px-1984_Ford_Thunderbird%3B_Annandale%2C_MN_%2842362510175%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1984_Ford_Thunderbird%3B_Annandale%2C_MN_%2842362510175%29.jpg/440px-1984_Ford_Thunderbird%3B_Annandale%2C_MN_%2842362510175%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5282" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption>1984 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>Seeking to reverse the sales slide of the 1980–1982 models and revitalize the Thunderbird's appearance, Ford executed a significant redesign for 1983. Though still based on the Fox body, it featured a radically sleeker, more aerodynamic body and a slightly shorter wheelbase of 104.2 in (2,647 mm). Power, however, remained limited, with the 3.8 L Essex V6 and the 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 being carried over from the previous generation. The 302 gained CFI electronic fuel injection in 1983, and the V6 in 1984 for US models, 1985 for Canadian models (which was in turn replaced by multipoint fuel injection on the V8 in 1986 and the V6 in 1988). All-new, and a Thunderbird first, was a <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharged</a> <a href="/wiki/Ford_Pinto_engine#2.3_OHC" title="Ford Pinto engine">2.3 L OHC</a> <a href="/wiki/Straight-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-4">four-cylinder</a> engine featured in the 1983 Thunderbird Turbo Coupe. The engine initially was rated at 142 hp (106 kW), but by 1985, power was increased to 155 hp (116 kW). Another first was the availability of a five-speed manual transmission with the turbocharged four. In 1983, the higher trim model was the Heritage; this was renamed the Elan in 1984. Also, a <a href="/wiki/Fila" title="Fila">Fila</a>-branded model was introduced. In 1985, a special 30th Anniversary edition was available, with special Medium Regatta Blue Metallic paint, special graphics, and trim. </p><p>For 1987, the Thunderbird received a significant refresh, complete with new sheet metal and a revised front fascia with aerodynamic composite headlamps. Mechanically, the car was little changed. The V6 models carried over <a href="/wiki/Indirect_injection" title="Indirect injection">port fuel injection</a> from 1986, while the Turbo Coupe's turbocharged four-cylinder engine gained an <a href="/wiki/Intercooler" title="Intercooler">intercooler</a>, increasing output to 190 hp (142 kW) and 240 lb of torque. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenth_generation_(1989–1997)"><span id="Tenth_generation_.281989.E2.80.931997.29"></span>Tenth generation (1989–1997)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tenth generation (1989–1997)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(tenth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (tenth generation)">Ford Thunderbird (tenth generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Thunderbird_1990_Il.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Ford_Thunderbird_1990_Il.JPG/220px-Ford_Thunderbird_1990_Il.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Ford_Thunderbird_1990_Il.JPG/330px-Ford_Thunderbird_1990_Il.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Ford_Thunderbird_1990_Il.JPG/440px-Ford_Thunderbird_1990_Il.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2849" data-file-height="1710" /></a><figcaption>1990 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1988, for the 1989 model year, a completely redesigned Thunderbird was introduced, along with the similar <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Cougar" title="Mercury Cougar">Mercury Cougar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new Thunderbird was developed on Ford's <a href="/wiki/Ford_MN12_platform" title="Ford MN12 platform">MN12</a> (mid-sized North American Project 12) platform, which had been in development since 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Featuring a 9-inch (229 mm) longer wheelbase than the previous-generation Thunderbird and a four-wheel <a href="/wiki/Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">independent suspension</a>, the car offered better handling and ride quality. </p><p>Only two engines were originally available—naturally aspirated and supercharged versions of the 3.8 L (232 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Ford_Essex_V6_engine_(Canadian)" title="Ford Essex V6 engine (Canadian)">Essex V6</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Naturally-aspirated_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturally-aspirated engine">naturally aspirated</a> standard engine produced 140 hp (104 kW), while the "Super Coupe" model received a <a href="/wiki/Supercharged" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercharged">supercharged</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intercooled" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercooled">intercooled</a> version rated at 210 hp (157 kW). </p><p>The 35th anniversary of the Thunderbird was released in 1989, for the 1990 model year. The Super Coupe was available with a black-and-silver two-tone paint Anniversary Edition with Anniversary floor mats, a car cover, a pen, a poster, and a few other anniversary collectible items. </p><p>A 302 cu in (4,949 cm<sup>3</sup>) V8, marketed as the "5.0" was added in 1990, for the 1991 model year. Power ranged between the standard and supercharged versions of the 3.8 L V6. </p><p>In 1993, the 1994 model year Thunderbird received a substantial refresh, including stylistic changes inside and out and mechanical enhancements. In particular, the small block 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 was replaced with Ford's new <a href="/wiki/Ford_Modular_engine#2-_overhead_valve" title="Ford Modular engine">Modular</a> 4.6 L <a href="/wiki/OHC" class="mw-redirect" title="OHC">OHC</a> V8. The Super Coupe's supercharged V6 produced more power and torque. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eleventh_generation_(2002–2005)"><span id="Eleventh_generation_.282002.E2.80.932005.29"></span>Eleventh generation (2002–2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Eleventh generation (2002–2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(eleventh_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (eleventh generation)">Ford Thunderbird (eleventh generation)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2005_Ford_Thunderbird_Hardtop_front_4.28.18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2005_Ford_Thunderbird_Hardtop_front_4.28.18.jpg/220px-2005_Ford_Thunderbird_Hardtop_front_4.28.18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2005_Ford_Thunderbird_Hardtop_front_4.28.18.jpg/330px-2005_Ford_Thunderbird_Hardtop_front_4.28.18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2005_Ford_Thunderbird_Hardtop_front_4.28.18.jpg/440px-2005_Ford_Thunderbird_Hardtop_front_4.28.18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5089" data-file-height="2777" /></a><figcaption>2002–2005 Ford Thunderbird</figcaption></figure> <p>For model year 2002, after a five-year hiatus, the Thunderbird returned for its eleventh generation, returning to a two-passenger convertible body style. Along with its revived layout, the 2002 Thunderbird combined many design elements of the first generation with the minimalist styling of the third generation convertibles. A predominant feature of the removable hardtop was the circular window (from the 1956-1957 versions). </p><p>The eleventh-generation Thunderbird uses the <a href="/wiki/Ford_DEW_platform" title="Ford DEW platform">Ford DEW platform</a> also used by the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_LS" title="Lincoln LS">Lincoln LS</a> sedan (and the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_S-Type_(1999)" title="Jaguar S-Type (1999)">Jaguar S-Type</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (fifth generation)">Ford Mustang</a> is loosely based on it. Though sharing no body panels with its sedan counterparts, the Thunderbird shared some visible components with the LS (instrument panel, steering wheel, and other trim pieces). As with the LS V8, the Thunderbird was powered by a Jaguar DOHC 3.9 L <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_AJ-V8_engine" title="Jaguar AJ-V8 engine">AJ-30</a> V8, producing 252 hp (188 kW) and 267 lb⋅ft (362 N⋅m) of torque; the engine was paired with a Ford-designed <a href="/wiki/Ford_Bordeaux_Automatic_Transmissions#5R44E/5R55E/N/S/W" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Bordeaux Automatic Transmissions">5R55N</a> 5-speed automatic. For 2003, the AJ30 became the AJ35 following the addition of <a href="/wiki/Variable_valve_timing" title="Variable valve timing">variable valve timing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_throttle_control" title="Electronic throttle control">electronic throttle control</a>; output increased to 280 hp (209 kW) and 286 lb⋅ft (388 N⋅m) of torque. The 5-speed automatic received optional <i>SelectShift</i> manual shifting control. </p><p>With sales dropping significantly after its first model year, Ford discontinued the eleventh-generation Thunderbird after the 2005 model year; the final vehicle was manufactured on July 1, 2005. As of current production, Ford has not returned the model line to sale in any form. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convertible_models">Convertible models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Convertible models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alongside the original two-seat Thunderbirds of 1955-1957, the Thunderbird was offered as a soft-top convertible from 1958 through 1966. The model shared its convertible top retraction mechanism with the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_500_Skyliner" title="Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner">Ford Skyliner</a> retractable-hardtop convertible and would also be shared the 1960s Lincoln Continental convertible. When the top was stowed, the rear-hinged trunklid was raised in order for the forward edge of the trunklid to serve as a metal boot cover.<sup id="cite_ref-kowalke1997_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kowalke1997-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the hydraulically-powered design reduced available trunk space, the metal top boot negated the need for a separate cover. Unlike hardtop models that used a conventional key-secured, forward-hinged design, the convertibles combined the trunk opening and closing within the convertible top operating system. </p><p>The Skyliner-derived design could present challenges for troubleshooting a convertible top malfunction. The system consists of solenoids, relays, limit switches, electric motors, and a hydraulic pump/reservoir, as well as several hydraulic directional valves and cylinders. While the hydraulic system is not often a cause for trouble, electrical relays are known to fail. Malfunction of any of the numerous relays, motors, or limit switches prevents the convertible system from completing the cycle. </p><p>For 1962 through 1964, the Ford offered convertible Thunderbirds with a rare "Sports Roadster" option, with a fiberglass tonneau cover over the rear seat offering the appearance of a two-seat car; the Sports Roadster packaged was sometimes combined with even rarer options including higher-performance engines and wire-spoke wheels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NASCAR">NASCAR</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: NASCAR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_School_NASCAR_%E2%80%93_Rusty_Wallace_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Old_School_NASCAR_%E2%80%93_Rusty_Wallace_1994.jpg/220px-Old_School_NASCAR_%E2%80%93_Rusty_Wallace_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Old_School_NASCAR_%E2%80%93_Rusty_Wallace_1994.jpg/330px-Old_School_NASCAR_%E2%80%93_Rusty_Wallace_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Old_School_NASCAR_%E2%80%93_Rusty_Wallace_1994.jpg/440px-Old_School_NASCAR_%E2%80%93_Rusty_Wallace_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>A 1994 <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> version of the Thunderbird driven by <a href="/wiki/Rusty_Wallace" title="Rusty Wallace">Rusty Wallace</a> at <a href="/wiki/Michigan_International_Speedway" title="Michigan International Speedway">Michigan International Speedway</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milwaukee_Mile_August_2023_4_(Alan_Kulwicki%27s_No._7_Hooters_Ford_Thunderbird).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Milwaukee_Mile_August_2023_4_%28Alan_Kulwicki%27s_No._7_Hooters_Ford_Thunderbird%29.jpg/220px-Milwaukee_Mile_August_2023_4_%28Alan_Kulwicki%27s_No._7_Hooters_Ford_Thunderbird%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Milwaukee_Mile_August_2023_4_%28Alan_Kulwicki%27s_No._7_Hooters_Ford_Thunderbird%29.jpg/330px-Milwaukee_Mile_August_2023_4_%28Alan_Kulwicki%27s_No._7_Hooters_Ford_Thunderbird%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Milwaukee_Mile_August_2023_4_%28Alan_Kulwicki%27s_No._7_Hooters_Ford_Thunderbird%29.jpg/440px-Milwaukee_Mile_August_2023_4_%28Alan_Kulwicki%27s_No._7_Hooters_Ford_Thunderbird%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4698" data-file-height="3134" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kulwicki" title="Alan Kulwicki">Alan Kulwicki</a>'s No. 7 <a href="/wiki/Hooters" title="Hooters">Hooters</a> Ford Thunderbird, with the "Underbird" nameplate</figcaption></figure> <p>Thunderbirds first made inroads into NASCAR racing in the 1959 season. The combination of the second-generation body style and the newly available 430 CID V8 took drivers <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Turner" title="Curtis Turner">Curtis Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Beauchamp" title="Johnny Beauchamp">Johnny Beauchamp</a>, "Tiger" <a href="/wiki/Tom_Pistone" title="Tom Pistone">Tom Pistone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Owens" title="Cotton Owens">Cotton Owens</a> to victory lane. In the 1960 season, most teams returned to using the conventional full-sized Ford body style, and the T-Bird made only sporadic appearances through the rest of the 1960s, with no additional wins. </p><p>Beginning in 1977, Thunderbird-bodied racecars replaced the Torino as Ford's primary body style in <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a>, starting a trend of luxury coupe-type body styles (eventually the 1981 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_(automobile)" title="Imperial (automobile)">Imperial</a> would also be seen racing) being used as a sheet-metal source on the race track. <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Allison" title="Bobby Allison">Bobby Allison</a> won 13 races with this car driving for owner <a href="/wiki/Bud_Moore_(NASCAR_owner)" title="Bud Moore (NASCAR owner)">Bud Moore</a> in the 1977 through 1980 seasons, though the cars looked boxy and un-aerodynamic. During 1981–1997, the downsized and aerodynamically clean Thunderbirds were successful in NASCAR stock car racing before they were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus" title="Ford Taurus">Taurus</a>-based bodies in 1998. The 1983- through 1988-bodied exceeded 200 mph and in one case during a qualifying session set the record of the fastest lap in stock car history at 44.998 seconds with an average speed of 212.809 mph (342.483 km/h) at <a href="/wiki/Talladega_Superspeedway" title="Talladega Superspeedway">Talladega Superspeedway</a>, a record that still stands.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Elliott" title="Bill Elliott">Bill Elliott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Davey_Allison" title="Davey Allison">Davey Allison</a>, in particular, were successful with the cars, with Elliott winning the 1988 championship. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Kulwicki" title="Alan Kulwicki">Alan Kulwicki</a> also won the championship in 1992 in a car nicknamed "Underbird", for his underdog status as a driver. The last time a Thunderbird was used in the Cup Series was when <a href="/wiki/Billy_Standridge" title="Billy Standridge">Billy Standridge</a> failed to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/1999_Daytona_500" title="1999 Daytona 500">1999 Daytona 500</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rala-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rala_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRala2011" class="citation web cs1">Rala, James (February 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweeklydriver.com/2011/02/ford-thunderbird-two-seater-1955-car-review/">"Ford Thunderbird (two-seater), 1955-57 car review"</a>. <i>theweeklydriver.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theweeklydriver.com&rft.atitle=Ford+Thunderbird+%28two-seater%29%2C+1955-57+car+review&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft.aulast=Rala&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweeklydriver.com%2F2011%2F02%2Fford-thunderbird-two-seater-1955-car-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tast-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tast_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tast_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tast_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTastNewhardt2015" class="citation book cs1">Tast, Alan H.; Newhardt, David (2015). <i>Thunderbird Fifty Years</i>. Motorbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-3245-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-3245-4"><bdi>978-0-7858-3245-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thunderbird+Fifty+Years&rft.pub=Motorbooks&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7858-3245-4&rft.aulast=Tast&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft.au=Newhardt%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autonews.com/article/20030203/ANA/302030760/obituary%3A-william-boyer">"Obituary: William Boyer"</a>. <i>Automotive News</i>. February 3, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Automotive+News&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+William+Boyer&rft.date=2003-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autonews.com%2Farticle%2F20030203%2FANA%2F302030760%2Fobituary%253A-william-boyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Witzenburg, Gary. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curbside+Classic%3A+1967+Ford+Thunderbird+Landau+Sedan+%E2%80%93+Are+Four+Doors+Really+Better+Than+Two%3F&rft.pub=Curbside+Classic&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.aulast=Saur&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.curbsideclassic.com%2Fcurbside-classics-american%2Fcurbside-classic-1967-ford-thunderbird-are-4-doors-really-better-than-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auto.howstuffworks.com/1967-1971-ford-thunderbird.htm">"1967-1971 Ford Thunderbird"</a>. <i>How Stuff Works</i>. October 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How+Stuff+Works&rft.atitle=1967-1971+Ford+Thunderbird&rft.date=2007-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauto.howstuffworks.com%2F1967-1971-ford-thunderbird.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. <i>American Cars 1960–1972</i> (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2004), p. 825.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118162640/http://oldcarbrochures.org/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1973_Ford_Thunderbird/1973-Ford-Thunderbird-Brochure/1973-Ford-Thunderbird-15">"oldcarbrochures.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldcarbrochures.org/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1973_Ford_Thunderbird/1973-Ford-Thunderbird-Brochure/1973-Ford-Thunderbird-15">the original</a> on November 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=oldcarbrochures.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldcarbrochures.org%2FNA%2FFord_Thunderbird%2F1973_Ford_Thunderbird%2F1973-Ford-Thunderbird-Brochure%2F1973-Ford-Thunderbird-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oldcarbrochures.org-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oldcarbrochures.org_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816100450/http://oldcarbrochures.org/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1979_Ford_Thunderbird/1979_Thunderbird_Brochure/1979-Ford-Thunderbird-12">"oldcarbrochures.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldcarbrochures.org/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1979_Ford_Thunderbird/1979_Thunderbird_Brochure/1979-Ford-Thunderbird-12">the original</a> on August 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=oldcarbrochures.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldcarbrochures.org%2FNA%2FFord_Thunderbird%2F1979_Ford_Thunderbird%2F1979_Thunderbird_Brochure%2F1979-Ford-Thunderbird-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517071848/http://www.coolcats.net/mn12/1989.html">"the 1989 mercury cougar"</a>. <i>Cool Cats</i>. US. November 17, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coolcats.net/mn12/1989.html">the original</a> on May 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cool+Cats&rft.atitle=the+1989+mercury+cougar&rft.date=2007-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coolcats.net%2Fmn12%2F1989.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowenHolloway1994" class="citation book cs1">Bowen, H. Kent; Holloway, Charles A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d0LnCwAAQBAJ&q=MN12"><i>The Perpetual Enterprise Machine</i></a>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Perpetual+Enterprise+Machine&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=H.+Kent&rft.au=Holloway%2C+Charles+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd0LnCwAAQBAJ%26q%3DMN12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kowalke1997-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kowalke1997_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKowalke1997" class="citation book cs1">Kowalke, Ron (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/standardcatalogo00beve"><i>Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975</i></a></span>. Krause publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-521-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-521-3"><bdi>0-87341-521-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+American+Cars+1946%E2%80%931975&rft.pub=Krause+publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-87341-521-3&rft.aulast=Kowalke&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstandardcatalogo00beve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nascar.com/races/tracks/tal/">Talladega Superspeedway</a> at NASCAR.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talladegasuperspeedway.com/This-Is-Talladega/History.aspx">History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100416072438/http://www.talladegasuperspeedway.com/This-Is-Talladega/History.aspx">Archived</a> April 16, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Talladega Superspeedway</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonsall2000" class="citation book cs1">Bonsall, Thomas E. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w67Uhn6bpnsC&pg=PA293">"The Packard Operation"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w67Uhn6bpnsC"><i>More Than They Promised: The Studebaker Story</i></a>. Stanford University Press. pp. 277–312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-3586-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-3586-7"><bdi>0-8047-3586-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/00-063564">00-063564</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Packard+Operation&rft.btitle=More+Than+They+Promised%3A+The+Studebaker+Story&rft.pages=277-312&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F00-063564&rft.isbn=0-8047-3586-7&rft.aulast=Bonsall&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw67Uhn6bpnsC%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2013" class="citation book cs1">Ebert, Roger R. (2013). "2. Erskines, Rocknes, Champions, Weasels and Merger". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSmXAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25"><i>Champion of the Lark: Harold E. Churchill and the Presidency of Studebaker-Packard, 1956-1961</i></a>. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7420-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7420-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-7420-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.+Erskines%2C+Rocknes%2C+Champions%2C+Weasels+and+Merger&rft.btitle=Champion+of+the+Lark%3A+Harold+E.+Churchill+and+the+Presidency+of+Studebaker-Packard%2C+1956-1961&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-7420-2&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSmXAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation web cs1">Koch, Jeff (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hemmings.com/hmn/stories/2006/03/01/hmn_feature24.html">"1955 Studebaker President Speedster"</a>. <i>Hemmings</i>. American City Business Journals. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729152023/http://www.hemmings.com/hmn/stories/2006/03/01/hmn_feature24.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hemmings&rft.atitle=1955+Studebaker+President+Speedster&rft.date=2006-03&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fhmn%2Fstories%2F2006%2F03%2F01%2Fhmn_feature24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2005" class="citation book cs1">Lyons, Dan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E3ffDZeLOQsC&pg=PA89">"1955 Studebaker President Speedster"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E3ffDZeLOQsC"><i>Cars of the Fantastic '50s</i></a>. Iola, WI: KP Books. pp. 89–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87349-926-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87349-926-3"><bdi>0-87349-926-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004116450">2004116450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1955+Studebaker+President+Speedster&rft.btitle=Cars+of+the+Fantastic+%2750s&rft.place=Iola%2C+WI&rft.pages=89-91&rft.pub=KP+Books&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2004116450&rft.isbn=0-87349-926-3&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE3ffDZeLOQsC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nd8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PAPA97">"Ford's Sportster"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. Vol. 101, no. 4. April 1954. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-4558">0032-4558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Ford%27s+Sportster&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=97&rft.date=1954-04&rft.issn=0032-4558&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNd8DAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://automotivemileposts.com/contentstbird.html">"1955-1979 Ford Thunderbird"</a>. <i>Automotive Mileposts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Automotive+Mileposts&rft.atitle=1955-1979+Ford+Thunderbird&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fautomotivemileposts.com%2Fcontentstbird.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Flint, Jerry (April 22, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130108160119/http://www.forbes.com/columnists/2003/04/22/cz_jf_0422flint.html">"Ford's Thunderbird Gets Axed"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/columnists/2003/04/22/cz_jf_0422flint.html">the original</a> on January 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Ford%27s+Thunderbird+Gets+Axed&rft.date=2003-04-22&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fcolumnists%2F2003%2F04%2F22%2Fcz_jf_0422flint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnell1987" class="citation book cs1">Gunnell, John A., ed. (1987). <i>Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975</i> (2nd ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-096-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-096-3"><bdi>0-87341-096-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+American+Cars+1946%E2%80%931975&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87341-096-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060202092132/http://www.autobytel.com/content/research/buyersguide/index.cfm/action/viewGuide/year_si/2004/make_vch/Ford/model_vch/Thunderbird/xml/2004-ford-thunderbird.xml">"2004 Ford Thunderbird New Car Buyers Guide"</a>. <i>Autobytel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autobytel.com/content/research/buyersguide/index.cfm/action/viewGuide/year_si/2004/make_vch/Ford/model_vch/Thunderbird/xml/2004-ford-thunderbird.xml">the original</a> on February 2, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autobytel&rft.atitle=2004+Ford+Thunderbird+New+Car+Buyers+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autobytel.com%2Fcontent%2Fresearch%2Fbuyersguide%2Findex.cfm%2Faction%2FviewGuide%2Fyear_si%2F2004%2Fmake_vch%2FFord%2Fmodel_vch%2FThunderbird%2Fxml%2F2004-ford-thunderbird.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWonder1997" class="citation book cs1">Wonder, William (1997). <i>Thunderbird Restoration Guide 1958–1966</i> (first ed.). MBI Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0390-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0390-8"><bdi>0-7603-0390-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thunderbird+Restoration+Guide+1958%E2%80%931966&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7603-0390-8&rft.aulast=Wonder&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouisCurrie1978" class="citation book cs1">Louis, Harry; Currie, Bob (1978). <i>The Story of Triumph Motorcycles</i> (2nd ed.). Patrick Stephens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Triumph+Motorcycles&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Louis&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Currie%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115120142/http://vinson.hagleyblogs.org/2011/11/30/treasures-1955-ford-thunderbird/">"1955 Ford Thunderbird Catalog"</a>. <i>Collecting Paper Cars: Z. Taylor Vinson's Collection of Automobile Advertising</i>. Hagley Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinson.hagleyblogs.org/2011/11/30/treasures-1955-ford-thunderbird/">the original</a> on January 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collecting+Paper+Cars%3A+Z.+Taylor+Vinson%27s+Collection+of+Automobile+Advertising&rft.atitle=1955+Ford+Thunderbird+Catalog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvinson.hagleyblogs.org%2F2011%2F11%2F30%2Ftreasures-1955-ford-thunderbird%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Thunderbird" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Thunderbird&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="/wiki/Template:Ford_United_States_%26_Canada_timeline_1980_to_present" title="Template:Ford United States & Canada timeline 1980 to present"><small>next</small> »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%;" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="width:8%;"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="4" style="width:10%;">1940s </td> <td colspan="10" style="width:25%;">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" style="width:25%;">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" style="width:25%;">1970s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td style="width:2%;">6</td> <td style="width:2%;">7</td> <td style="width:2%;">8</td> <td style="width:2%;">9 </td> <td style="width:2%;">0</td> <td style="width:2%;">1</td> <td style="width:2%;">2</td> <td style="width:2%;">3</td> <td style="width:2%;">4</td> <td style="width:2%;">5</td> <td style="width:2%;">6</td> <td style="width:2%;">7</td> <td style="width:2%;">8</td> <td style="width:2%;">9 </td> <td style="width:2%;">0</td> <td style="width:2%;">1</td> <td style="width:2%;">2</td> <td style="width:2%;">3</td> <td style="width:2%;">4</td> <td style="width:2%;">5</td> <td style="width:2%;">6</td> <td style="width:2%;">7</td> <td style="width:2%;">8</td> <td style="width:2%;">9 </td> <td style="width:2%;">0</td> <td style="width:2%;">1</td> <td style="width:2%;">2</td> <td style="width:2%;">3</td> <td style="width:2%;">4</td> <td style="width:2%;">5</td> <td style="width:2%;">6</td> <td style="width:2%;">7</td> <td style="width:2%;">8</td> <td style="width:2%;">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_(first_generation)" title="Ford Fiesta (first generation)">Fiesta</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pinto" title="Ford Pinto">Pinto</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)" title="Ford Falcon (North America)">Falcon</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)" title="Ford Falcon (North America)">Falcon</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)" title="Ford Falcon (North America)">Falcon</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Maverick_(1970)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Maverick (1970)">Maverick</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairmont" title="Ford Fairmont">Fairmont</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Granada_(North_America)" title="Ford Granada (North America)">Granada</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)#1970½_Falcon" title="Ford Falcon (North America)">Falcon 70½</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Torino" title="Ford Torino">Torino</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Torino" title="Ford Torino">Torino</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Torino" title="Ford Torino">Torino</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_II" title="Ford LTD II">LTD II</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C0C0C0"> <td rowspan="6" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">Deluxe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1949_Ford" title="1949 Ford">Ford</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1949_Ford" title="1949 Ford">Deluxe</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mainline" title="Ford Mainline">Mainline</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mainline" title="Ford Mainline">Mainline</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom 300</a> </td> <td style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom 300</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie Mainliner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_300" title="Ford 300">300</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom (cdn)</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">Super Deluxe</a> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom Deluxe</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Customline" title="Ford Customline">Customline</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Customline" title="Ford Customline">Customline</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane 500</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie</a> </td> <td style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom 500</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom 500</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom 500</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crestline" title="Ford Crestline">Crestline</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane 500</a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie</a> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie 500</a> </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie 500</a> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie 500</a> </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford XL">Galaxie 500 XL</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford XL">Galaxie 500 XL</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford XL">XL</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford XL">XL</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">Galaxie 500 LTD</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">LTD</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">LTD</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">LTD</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">Station wagon</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Parklane" title="Ford Parklane">Parklane</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Del_Rio" title="Ford Del Rio">Del Rio</a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranch_Wagon" title="Ford Ranch Wagon">Ranch Wagon</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranch_Wagon" title="Ford Ranch Wagon">Ranch Wagon</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranch_Wagon" title="Ford Ranch Wagon">Ranch Wagon</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranch_Wagon" title="Ford Ranch Wagon">Ranch Wagon</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranch_Wagon" title="Ford Ranch Wagon">Ranch Wagon</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranch_Wagon" title="Ford Ranch Wagon">Ranch Wagon</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Sedan" title="Ford Country Sedan">Country Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Sedan" title="Ford Country Sedan">Country Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Sedan" title="Ford Country Sedan">Country Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Sedan" title="Ford Country Sedan">Country Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Sedan" title="Ford Country Sedan">Country Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a> </td> <td style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal luxury</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Elite" title="Ford Elite">Elite</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(seventh_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (seventh generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(second_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (second generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(third_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (third generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(fourth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (fourth generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (fifth generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (fifth generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(sixth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (sixth generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(first_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (first generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(first_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (first generation)">Mustang</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(second_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (second generation)">Mustang</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(third_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (third generation)">Mustang</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_previous_—_Ford_car_timeline,_United_States_&amp;_Canada,_1980–present" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ford_United_States_%26_Canada_timeline_1980_to_present" title="Template:Ford United States & Canada timeline 1980 to present"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ford_United_States_%26_Canada_timeline_1980_to_present" title="Template talk:Ford United States & Canada timeline 1980 to present"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ford_United_States_%26_Canada_timeline_1980_to_present" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ford United States & Canada timeline 1980 to present"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="«_previous_—_Ford_car_timeline,_United_States_&amp;_Canada,_1980–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ford_postwar_template" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Ford postwar template">« <small>previous</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> car timeline, United States & Canada, 1980–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td rowspan="2" width="10%"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">2000s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">2010s </td> <td colspan="6" width="10%">2020s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_(first_generation)" title="Ford Fiesta (first generation)">Fiesta</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Festiva#First_generation_(WA;_1986)" title="Ford Festiva">Festiva</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Festiva#Second_generation_(WB,_WD,_WF;_1993)" title="Ford Festiva">Aspire</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_(sixth_generation)" title="Ford Fiesta (sixth generation)">Fiesta</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pinto" title="Ford Pinto">Pinto</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(North_America)#First_generation_(1981–1990)" title="Ford Escort (North America)">Escort</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(North_America)#Second_generation_(1991–1996)" title="Ford Escort (North America)">Escort</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(North_America)#Third_generation_(1997–2003)" title="Ford Escort (North America)">Escort</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_(first_generation)#North_America_(2000–2007)" title="Ford Focus (first generation)">Focus</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_(second_generation,_North_America)" title="Ford Focus (second generation, North America)">Focus</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_(third_generation)#North_American_market" title="Ford Focus (third generation)">Focus</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairmont" title="Ford Fairmont">Fairmont</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Tempo#First_generation_(1984–1987)" title="Ford Tempo">Tempo</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Tempo#Second_generation_(1988–1994)" title="Ford Tempo">Tempo</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mondeo_(first_generation)#Ford_Contour_and_Mercury_Mystique" title="Ford Mondeo (first generation)">Contour</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Granada_(North_America)#First_generation_(1975–1980)" title="Ford Granada (North America)">Granada</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Granada_(North_America)#Second_generation_(1981–1982)" title="Ford Granada (North America)">Granada</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)#Fourth_generation_(1983–1986)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">LTD</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fusion_(Americas)#First_generation_(2006)" title="Ford Fusion (Americas)">Fusion</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fusion_(Americas)#Second_generation_(2013)" title="Ford Fusion (Americas)">Fusion</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(first_generation)" title="Ford Taurus (first generation)">Taurus</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(second_generation)" title="Ford Taurus (second generation)">Taurus</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(third_generation)" title="Ford Taurus (third generation)">Taurus</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(fourth_generation)" title="Ford Taurus (fourth generation)">Taurus</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)#Third_generation_(1979–1982)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">LTD</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_Crown_Victoria" title="Ford LTD Crown Victoria">LTD Crown Victoria</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria#First_generation_(EN53;_1992–1997)" title="Ford Crown Victoria">Crown Victoria</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria#Second_generation_(EN114;_1998–2012)" title="Ford Crown Victoria">Crown Victoria</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire#Eighth_generation_(1979–1991)" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundred" title="Ford Five Hundred">Five Hundred</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Taurus (fifth generation)">Taurus</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(sixth_generation)" title="Ford Taurus (sixth generation)">Taurus</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal luxury</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(eighth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (eighth generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(ninth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (ninth generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(tenth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (tenth generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(eleventh_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (eleventh generation)">Thunderbird</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sport_compact" title="Sport compact">Sport compact</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_EXP#First_generation_(1982–1985)" title="Ford EXP">EXP</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_EXP#Second_generation_(1985–1988)" title="Ford EXP">EXP</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Probe#First_generation_(1988–1992)" title="Ford Probe">Probe</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Probe#Second_generation_(1993–1997)" title="Ford Probe">Probe</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(North_America)#ZX2" title="Ford Escort (North America)">Escort ZX2</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(North_America)#ZX2" title="Ford Escort (North America)">ZX2</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_(sixth_generation)#Fiesta_ST" title="Ford Fiesta (sixth generation)">Fiesta ST</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_(third_generation)#Focus_ST" title="Ford Focus (third generation)">Focus ST</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_(third_generation)#Focus_RS" title="Ford Focus (third generation)">Focus RS</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(third_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (third generation)">Mustang</a> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(fourth_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (fourth generation)">Mustang</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (fifth generation)">Mustang</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(sixth_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (sixth generation)">Mustang</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(seventh_generation)" title="Ford Mustang (seventh generation)">Mustang</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_GT#First_generation_(2005–2006)" title="Ford GT">GT</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_GT#Second_generation_(2016–2022)" title="Ford GT">GT</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ford_vehicles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ford_vehicles" title="Template:Ford vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ford_vehicles" title="Template talk:Ford vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ford_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ford vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ford_vehicles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_vehicles" title="List of Ford vehicles">vehicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current<br />models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus" title="Ford Focus">Focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mondeo_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Mondeo (fifth generation)">Mondeo/Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang" title="Ford Mustang">Mustang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Pickup trucks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series" title="Ford F-Series">F-Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Super_Duty" title="Ford Super Duty">Super Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-150_Lightning" title="Ford F-150 Lightning">F-150 Lightning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Maverick_(2022)" title="Ford Maverick (2022)">Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranger_(T6)" title="Ford Ranger (T6)">Ranger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranger_EV" title="Ford Ranger EV">Ranger EV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">SUVs/crossovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco" title="Ford Bronco">Bronco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco_Sport" title="Ford Bronco Sport">Bronco Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Capri_EV" title="Ford Capri EV">Capri EV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Edge#L" title="Ford Edge">Edge L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Equator" title="Ford Equator">Equator/Equator Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escape" title="Ford Escape">Escape</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ford_Kuga" title="Ford Kuga">Kuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Everest" title="Ford Everest">Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Expedition" title="Ford Expedition">Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer" title="Ford Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer_EV" title="Ford Explorer EV">Explorer EV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mondeo_Sport" title="Ford Mondeo Sport">Mondeo Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_Mach-E" title="Ford Mustang Mach-E">Mustang Mach-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Puma_(crossover)" title="Ford Puma (crossover)">Puma (crossover)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Territory_(China)" title="Ford Territory (China)">Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Vans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit" title="Ford Transit">Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Courier" title="Ford Transit Courier">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Connect" title="Ford Transit Connect">Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Custom" title="Ford Transit Custom">Custom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Commercial trucks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Cargo" title="Ford Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Super_Duty" title="Ford Super Duty">Super Duty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Super_Duty" title="Ford Super Duty">F-250/F-350/F-450/F-550/F-600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series_(medium_duty_truck)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-Series (medium duty truck)">Medium Duty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series_(medium_duty_truck)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-Series (medium duty truck)">F-650/F-750</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Max" title="Ford F-Max">F-Max</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_E-Series" title="Ford E-Series">E-Series Cutaway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_logo_flat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/85px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/128px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/170px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />models<br /><i>(by date of<br />introduction)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1903%E2%80%9304)" title="Ford Model A (1903–04)">Model A/AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_B_(1904)" title="Ford Model B (1904)">Model B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_C" title="Ford Model C">Model C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_F" title="Ford Model F">Model F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_K" title="Ford Model K">Model K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Model T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1910s–1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_TT" title="Ford Model TT">Model TT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Model A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_AA" title="Ford Model AA">Model AA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model B / BB trucks / Model 18 / Model 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_Y" title="Ford Model Y">Model Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_K%C3%B6ln" title="Ford Köln">Köln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Rheinland" title="Ford Rheinland">Rheinland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_48" title="Ford Model 48">Model 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_C_(Europe)" title="Ford Model C (Europe)">Model C (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_C_Ten" title="Ford Model C Ten">Model C Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Eifel" title="Ford Eifel">Eifel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_CX" title="Ford CX">Model CX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Ford" title="1937 Ford">1937 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_7W" title="Ford 7W">Model 7W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_7Y" title="Ford 7Y">Model 7Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_E83W" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford E83W">E83W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Prefect" title="Ford Prefect">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Anglia" title="Ford Anglia">Anglia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">1941 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Vedette" title="Ford Vedette">Vedette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pilot" title="Ford Pilot">Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Ford" title="1949 Ford">1949 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_B_series" title="Ford B series">B-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Bus" title="Ford Transit Bus">Transit Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_N-series_tractor" title="Ford N-series tractor">N-series tractor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Ford" title="1952 Ford">1952 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Ford" title="1955 Ford">1955 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Ford" title="1957 Ford">1957 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Abeille" title="Ford Abeille">Abeille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_C_series" title="Ford C series">C-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Com%C3%A8te" title="Ford Comète">Comète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Consul" title="Ford Consul">Consul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Trader" title="Thames Trader">Thames Trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Sedan" title="Ford Country Sedan">Country Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Courier#Other_Ford_models_using_the_Courier_name" title="Ford Courier">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crestline" title="Ford Crestline">Crestline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Del_Rio" title="Ford Del Rio"> Del Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel" title="Edsel">Edsel <i>(brand)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_FK" title="Ford FK">FK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mainline" title="Ford Mainline">Mainline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_NAA_tractor" title="Ford NAA tractor">NAA tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Parklane" title="Ford Parklane">Parklane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Popular" title="Ford Popular">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranchero" title="Ford Ranchero">Ranchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Squire" title="Ford Squire">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taunus" title="Ford Taunus">Taunus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Ford Vendôme">Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Versailles_(France)" title="Ford Versailles (France)">Versailles (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Zephyr" title="Ford Zephyr">Zephyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Ford" title="1960 Ford">1960 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Capri" title="Ford Capri">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Corcel" title="Ford Corcel">Corcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Corsair" title="Ford Corsair">Corsair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Cortina" title="Ford Cortina">Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_E-Series" title="Ford E-Series">E-Series/Econoline/Club Wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)" title="Ford Escort (Europe)">Escort (Europe)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_RS_Cosworth" title="Ford Escort RS Cosworth">Escort RS Cosworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Australia)" title="Ford Fairlane (Australia)">Fairlane (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_P7" title="Ford P7">P7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Mustang" title="Shelby Mustang">Ford Shelby Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_Thunderbolt" title="Ford Fairlane Thunderbolt">Fairlane Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_D_series" title="Ford D series">D-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairmont_(Australia)" title="Ford Fairmont (Australia)">Fairmont (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Futura" title="Ford Futura">Futura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)" title="Ford Falcon (North America)">Falcon (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(Argentina)" title="Ford Falcon (Argentina)">Falcon (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(Australia)" title="Ford Falcon (Australia)">Falcon (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GT40" title="Ford GT40">GT40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">LTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Torino" title="Ford Torino">Torino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Courier" title="Ford Courier">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Bongo" title="Mazda Bongo">Econovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Bongo" title="Mazda Bongo">Econowagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Elite" title="Ford Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairmont" title="Ford Fairmont">Fairmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fiesta" title="Ford Fiesta">Fiesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Granada_(Europe)" title="Ford Granada (Europe)">Granada (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Granada_(North_America)" title="Ford Granada (North America)">Granada (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_L-Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford L-Series">L-Series Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Landau" title="Ford Landau">Landau (Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Landau_(Australia)" title="Ford Landau (Australia)">Landau (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_II" title="Ford LTD II">LTD II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Maverick_(1970%E2%80%931977)" title="Ford Maverick (1970–1977)">Maverick (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_P100" title="Ford P100">P100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pinto" title="Ford Pinto">Pinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Aerostar" title="Ford Aerostar">Aerostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bantam" title="Ford Bantam">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco_II" title="Ford Bronco II">Bronco II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Del_Rey" title="Ford Del Rey">Del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Durango" title="Ford Durango">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(North_America)" title="Ford Escort (North America)">Escort (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_EXP" title="Ford EXP">EXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Festiva" title="Ford Festiva">Festiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Laser" title="Ford Laser">Laser/Lynx/Meteor/Tierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_Crown_Victoria" title="Ford LTD Crown Victoria">LTD Crown Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Orion" title="Ford Orion">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pampa" title="Ford Pampa">Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Probe" title="Ford Probe">Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Capri_(Australia)" title="Ford Capri (Australia)">Capri (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Carry" title="Suzuki Carry">Pronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_RS200" title="Ford RS200">RS200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Titan" title="Mazda Titan">Trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Scorpio" title="Ford Scorpio">Scorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Sierra" title="Ford Sierra">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Telstar" title="Ford Telstar">Telstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus" title="Ford Taurus">Taurus (North America)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_Taurus_models" title="List of Ford Taurus models">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Tempo" title="Ford Tempo">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Verona" title="Ford Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mondeo_(first_generation)" title="Ford Mondeo (first generation)">Contour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Cougar" title="Ford Cougar">Cougar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria" title="Ford Crown Victoria">Crown Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Freda" title="Ford Freda">Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxy" title="Ford Galaxy">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ka" title="Ford Ka">Ka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Puma_(coup%C3%A9)" title="Ford Puma (coupé)">Puma (coupé)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Royale" title="Ford Royale">Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Versailles" title="Ford Versailles">Versailles (Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Windstar" title="Ford Windstar">Windstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_ZX2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford ZX2">ZX2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Familia" title="Mazda Familia">Activa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_C-Max" title="Ford C-Max">C-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_EcoSport" title="Ford EcoSport">EcoSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Edge" title="Ford Edge">Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Excursion" title="Ford Excursion">Excursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer_Sport_Trac" title="Ford Explorer Sport Trac">Explorer Sport Trac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundred" title="Ford Five Hundred">Five Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Flex" title="Ford Flex">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GT" title="Ford GT">GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LCF" title="Ford LCF">LCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Freestyle" title="Ford Freestyle">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_(second_generation,_North_America)" title="Ford Focus (second generation, North America)">Focus (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fusion_(Americas)" title="Ford Fusion (Americas)">Fusion (Americas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fusion_(Europe)" title="Ford Fusion (Europe)">Fusion (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ikon" title="Ford Ikon">Ikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_i-Max" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford i-Max">i-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escape" title="Ford Escape">Maverick (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_S-Max" title="Ford S-Max">S-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ka" title="Ford Ka">Sportka/Streetka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Territory_(Australia)" title="Ford Territory (Australia)">Territory (Australia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_B-Max" title="Ford B-Max">B-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(China)" title="Ford Escort (China)">Escort (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Figo" title="Ford Figo">Figo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(China)" title="Ford Taurus (China)">Taurus (China)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willys_MB" title="Willys MB">GP/GPW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GPA" title="Ford GPA">GPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GTB" title="Ford GTB">GTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1918_Ford_3-ton_tank" title="M1918 Ford 3-ton tank">M1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M8_Greyhound" title="M8 Greyhound">M8 Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M151_%C2%BC-ton_4%C3%974_utility_truck" title="M151 ¼-ton 4×4 utility truck">M151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M656" title="M656">M656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T17_Deerhound" title="T17 Deerhound">T17 Deerhound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_concept_vehicles" title="Category:Ford concept vehicles">Concept vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mercury_vehicles" title="List of Mercury vehicles">Mercury (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lincoln_vehicles" title="List of Lincoln vehicles">Lincoln (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_police_vehicles" title="Ford police vehicles">Police vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria_Police_Interceptor" title="Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor">Crown Victoria Interceptor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_tractors" title="Category:Ford tractors">Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_trucks" title="Category:Ford trucks">Trucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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