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style="--spacing-top:initial;--spacing-bottom:80px;--spacing-compact-top:initial;--spacing-compact-bottom:48px"><div class="FITT_Article_main "><div class="VZTD UeCOM jIRH oimqG DjbQm UwdmX Xmrlz ReShI KaJdY lqtkC ssImf HfYhe RTHNs " data-testid="prism-GridContainer"><div class="Kiog kNVGM nvpSA qwdi bmjsw " data-testid="prism-GridRow"><div class="theme-e oBTii mrzah " data-testid="prism-GridColumn" style="--grid-column-span-xxs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-xs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-sm:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-md:20;--grid-column-span-lg:16;--grid-column-span-xl:16;--grid-column-span-xxl:14;--grid-column-start-xxs:auto;--grid-column-start-xs:auto;--grid-column-start-sm:auto;--grid-column-start-md:3;--grid-column-start-lg:5;--grid-column-start-xl:5;--grid-column-start-xxl:6"><div style="--spacing-top:40px;--spacing-bottom:0px;--spacing-child-top:initial;--spacing-child-bottom:24px;--spacing-firstChild-top:initial;--spacing-firstChild-bottom:initial;--spacing-lastChild-top:initial;--spacing-lastChild-bottom:24px;--spacing-compact-top:24px;--spacing-compact-bottom:0px;--spacing-firstChild-compact-top:initial;--spacing-firstChild-compact-bottom:initial;--spacing-child-compact-top:initial;--spacing-child-compact-bottom:24px;--spacing-lastChild-compact-top:initial;--spacing-lastChild-compact-bottom:24px" class="dHdHP jLREf zXXje aGO eCClZ nTLv jLsYA gmuro TOSFd VmeZt sCkVm hkQai wGrlE MUuGM fciaN qQjt DhNVo Tgcqk IGLAf tWjkv "><div class="kCTVx qtHut lqtkC HkWF HfYhe kGyAC " data-testid="prism-headline"><h1 class="vMjAx eeTZd tntuS xZEw "><span class="gtOSm FbbUW tUtYa vOCwz EQwFq yCufu eEak Qmvg nyTIa SRXVc vzLa jgBfc WXDas CiUCW kqbG zrdEG txGfn ygKVe BbezD UOtxr CVfpq xijV soGRS XgdC sEIlf daWqJ ">National Geographic Masthead</span></h1></div><div class="QHblV nkdHX mHUQ kvZxL hTosT whbOj " data-testid="prism-byline"><div class="VZTD mLASH "><div class="kKfXc ubAkB VZTD rEPuv "></div></div></div><div class="natgeoDivider XQpSH " data-testid="prism-divider"></div></div></div></div></div><div style="--spacing-top:0px;--spacing-bottom:32px;--spacing-child-top:initial;--spacing-child-bottom:24px;--spacing-firstChild-top:initial;--spacing-firstChild-bottom:24px;--spacing-lastChild-top:initial;--spacing-lastChild-bottom:initial;--spacing-compact-top:24px;--spacing-compact-bottom:32px;--spacing-firstChild-compact-top:initial;--spacing-firstChild-compact-bottom:24px;--spacing-child-compact-top:initial;--spacing-child-compact-bottom:24px;--spacing-lastChild-compact-top:initial;--spacing-lastChild-compact-bottom:initial" class="dHdHP jLREf zXXje aGO eCClZ nTLv jLsYA gmuro TOSFd VmeZt sCkVm hkQai wGrlE MUuGM fciaN qQjt DhNVo Tgcqk IGLAf tWjkv "><div class="PrismArticleBody SingleColumn xvlfx ZRifP TKoO eaKKC EcdEg bOdfO qXhdi NFNeu UyHES " data-testid="prism-article-body"><div class="FITT_Article_main_group_wrapper VZTD UeCOM jIRH oimqG DjbQm UwdmX Xmrlz ReShI KaJdY lqtkC ssImf HfYhe RTHNs iJVrZ " data-testid="prism-GridContainer"><div class="Kiog kNVGM nvpSA qwdi bmjsw " data-testid="prism-GridRow"><div class="theme-e oBTii mrzah " data-testid="prism-GridColumn" style="--grid-column-span-xxs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-xs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-sm:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-md:20;--grid-column-span-lg:16;--grid-column-span-xl:16;--grid-column-span-xxl:14;--grid-column-start-xxs:auto;--grid-column-start-xs:auto;--grid-column-start-sm:auto;--grid-column-start-md:3;--grid-column-start-lg:5;--grid-column-start-xl:5;--grid-column-start-xxl:6"><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao MvWXB TjIXL aGjvy ebVHC "><b class="cXscX ">Nathan Lump</b>, SVP & Editor in Chief, <i class=" ">National Geographic</i></p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Geoffrey Gagnon</b>, VP, Executive Editor<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Paul Martinez</b>, VP, Creative Director<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Alex Pollack</b>, Director of Photography<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Sadie Quarrier</b>, Editorial Director for Integrated Storytelling<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Alissa Swango</b>, VP, Head of Digital & Video<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Oussama Zahr</b>, Director of Editorial Operations</p><h2 class="RxNCg ykkUm PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq ">Multiplatform Editorial </h2><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Ben Paynter</b>, Editorial Features Director<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Amy Briggs</b>, Senior Editorial Manager, History<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Alexa McMahon</b>, Senior Editorial Manager, Features & Special Projects<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Eve Conan</b><b class="cXscX ">t</b><b class="cXscX ">, Nick Martin</b>,<b class="cXscX "> </b>Senior Editors</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Bridget E. Hamilton</b>, Editorial Director of Special Interest Titles<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Kay Boatner</b>, Senior Editor, Kids & Family<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Alexandra Hartnett</b>, Senior Production Editor, Special Interest Titles<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Natalie Konopinski</b>, Senior Editor, Newsstand Special Issues<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Tiara Beatty</b>, Editor, History Magazine<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Allyson Shaw</b>, Editor, Kids & Family</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Alicia Russo</b>, Creative Producer, Integrated Storytelling</p><h2 class="RxNCg ykkUm PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq ">Digital Editorial</h2><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Amy McKeever</b>, Senior Digital Editorial Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Brian Resnick</b>, Digital Editorial Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Christine Dell'Amore</b>, Senior Digital Editor, Animals & Wildlife<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Sarah Gibbens</b>, Senior Digital Editor, Science & Environment<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Kwin Mosby</b>, Senior Digital Editor, Travel<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Helen Thompson</b>, Senior Digital Editor, Science<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Starlight Williams, Allie Yang</b>, Digital Editors<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Domonique Tolliver</b>, Digital SEO Editor</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Janey Adams</b>, Director of Digital Engagement<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Francis Rivera</b>, Digital Engagement Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Setota Hailemariam, Emily Martin, </b>Digital Producers</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Jennifer Murphy</b>, Senior Video Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Cosima Amelang</b>, Video Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Rebekah Barlas, Zach Baumgartner, </b><b class="cXscX ">Halley Brown, </b><b class="cXscX ">Tiffany D’Emidio, </b><b class="cXscX ">Rubén Rodríguez Pérez, Veda Shastri</b>, Senior Video Producers<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Shweta Gulati</b>, Video Producer</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">D</b><b class="cXscX ">avid Beard</b>, Director of Editorial Newsletters</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Anne Kim-Dannibale</b>, Senior Commerce Editor</p><h2 class="RxNCg ykkUm PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq ">Photography</h2><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Breann Birkenbuel</b>, Photography Manager, Research & Operations<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Samantha Clark</b>, Photography Manager, Digital & Short Form<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Anne Farrar, Alexa Keefe, James Wellford</b>, Photography Managers<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Rebecca Fudala, Julie Hau, Crystal Henry, Allison Hess, Ian Morton, 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">Sandi Owatverot-Nuzzo</b>, Designers<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Sakke Overlund</b>, Assistant Designer</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">John Tomanio</b>, Director of Graphics<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Fernando Gomez Baptista, Alberto Lucas López</b>, Senior Artists<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Diana Marques</b>, Graphics Production Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Monica Serrano, </b><b class="cXscX ">Jason Treat</b>, Senior Graphics Editors<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Lucas Petrin, Elizabeth Sisk</b>, Associate Graphics Editors</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Matt Chwastyk</b>, Senior Cartography Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Rosemary Wardley</b>, Digital Cartography Manager<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Christine Fellenz</b>, Senior Cartography Editor<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Scott Zillmer</b>, Senior Cartographic Quality Control Editor<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Soren Walljasper, </b>Cartography Editor<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Patricia Healy</b>, Map & Graphic Research Editor</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Claire Manibog</b>, Director of Interactive Storytelling<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Ryan Morris</b>, Senior Interactive Storytelling Editor<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Eduardo Vélez</b>, Senior Developer, Interactive Storytelling<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Courtney Beesch</b>, Projects Editor, Interactive Storytelling<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">JoElla Carman</b>, Visual Editor, Interactive Storytelling<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Ben Scott</b>, Graphics Editor, Interactive Storytelling</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Michael G. 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Salinas, Heidi Schultz,</b> Research Editors<br class=" "/><br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Leigh Mitnick</b>, International Editions Editor<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Ariana Pettis</b>, Production Editor</p><h2 class="RxNCg ykkUm PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq ">National Geographic Executive Management</h2><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Courteney Monroe</b>, President, National Geographic Content</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">David E. Miller</b>, EVP & General Manager</p><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy "><b class="cXscX ">Tulani André</b>, VP, Social Media<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Marcelo Galdieri</b>, VP, Integrated Planning & Operations<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Julie Galvin</b>, VP, Growth Strategy & Business Development<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Nathan Lump</b>, SVP & Editor in Chief, National Geographic<br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">John MacKethan</b>, Director of Print Operations<br class=" "/><br class=" "/><b class="cXscX ">Reagan Graney</b>, Executive Assistant</p><div class="oLzSq QrHMO fnRUo pvsTF EhJPu vPlOC zNYgW OsTsW RMeqy daRVX ISNQ sKyCY eRftA acPPc MENS nFwaT MCnQE mEeeY SmBjI xegrY rPLsU iulOd NIuqO zzscu lzDCc aHUBM IEgzD OjMNy eQqcx SVqKB GQmdz jaoD VWDdR ONJdw vrZxD OnRTz gbbfF roDbV GPGwb oMlSS gfNzt oJhud eXZcf zhVlX "><div class="SDgng miqYR PMJVQ QtdQF WYbZw hwQoR SkUsC UlTly FxKvG BOli LbgCH nvgXD qZlJZ hdCKb " data-testid="prism-editors-note"><div class="gtOSm FbbUW tUtYa vOCwz EQwFq yCufu eEak Qmvg nyTIa SRXVc vzLa jgBfc WXDas CiUCW kqbG zrdEG txGfn ygKVe BbezD UOtxr CVfpq xijV soGRS XgdC sEIlf daWqJ fIerE gzgIi sbNwD wyNiH oGaak mIoBf HPTnC SyFCf KSVzn EMccI MTazT TWYO pxDKL syqKH AAxjg AGdf YLpQy UPQXr OWaqr MWqqQ rhuiH sYoWw jOwXI GfFUP iLdhU GuqqH UXCTR ExGxl CPrEb "><i>This page was last updated November 11, 2024.</i></div></div></div><p class="EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC eTIW sUzSN "></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div class="FrameBackgroundFull"><div class="FrameBackgroundFull__BackgroundImage" aria-hidden="true"><div class="BackgroundImage"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div></div></div><div class="GeneralContainer"></div></div><div class="FrameBackgroundFull"><div class="FrameBackgroundFull__BackgroundImage" aria-hidden="true"><div class="BackgroundImage"><div class="RatioFrame 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