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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[emanɥɛl makʁɔ̃]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/dd\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Emmanuel_Macron.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Emmanuel_Macron.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Emmanuel Macron.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Emmanuel_Macron.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Emmanuel_Macron.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Fabricio_Cardenas_(Culex)-Emmanuel_Macron.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Emmanuel Macron.wav">ⓘ</a>; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> since 2017. He previously was <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (France)">Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> from 2014 to 2016 and deputy secretary-general to the president from 2012 to 2014. He has been a member of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a> since he founded it in 2016. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Emmanuel Macron</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg/220px-Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg/330px-Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg/440px-Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="1425"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Macron in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 14 May 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Bernard Cazeneuve</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Jean Castex</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Borne" title="Élisabeth Borne">Élisabeth Borne</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Gabriel Attal</a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economics_and_Finance_(France)" title="Ministry of Economics and Finance (France)">Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 26 August 2014 – 30 August 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Michel Sapin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President of France">Deputy Secretary-General to the President</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 May 2012 – 15 July 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Jean Castex</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Boone" title="Laurence Boone">Laurence Boone</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron</div> (1977-12-21) 21 December 1977 (age 47) <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, Somme, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a> (2016–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (2006–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2009–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Macron" title="Brigitte Macron">Brigitte Trogneux</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>2007)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Macron" title="Jean-Michel Macron">Jean-Michel Macron</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Auzi%C3%A8re-Jourdan" title="Laurence Auzière-Jourdan">Laurence Auzière-Jourdan</a> (stepdaughter)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Nanterre_University" title="Paris Nanterre University">Paris X Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Master of Advanced Studies">MAS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">MPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_de_Emmanuel_MACRON.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emmanuel Macron's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Signature_de_Emmanuel_MACRON.svg/120px-Signature_de_Emmanuel_MACRON.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Signature_de_Emmanuel_MACRON.svg/180px-Signature_de_Emmanuel_MACRON.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Signature_de_Emmanuel_MACRON.svg/240px-Signature_de_Emmanuel_MACRON.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Co-Prince_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Prince of Andorra">Co-Prince of Andorra</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">14 May 2017 – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Co-Prince</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Enric_Vives_i_Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Joan Enric Vives i Sicília">Joan Enric Vives i Sicília</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Macron_voice_sample.oga" title="File:Emmanuel Macron voice sample.oga">Emmanuel Macron's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="25" data-mwtitle="Emmanuel_Macron_voice_sample.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Emmanuel_Macron_voice_sample.oga" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Emmanuel_Macron_voice_sample.oga/Emmanuel_Macron_voice_sample.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEmmanuel_Macron_voice_sample.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></audio></div> <div class="description">Macron speaking to attendees of the 43rd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting Recorded 24 June 2021</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style> Born in <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, Macron studied philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Paris_Nanterre_University" title="Paris Nanterre University">Paris Nanterre University</a>. He completed a master's degree in public affairs at <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a> and graduated from the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a> in 2004. He worked as a senior civil servant at the <a href="/wiki/Inspection_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_finances_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspection générale des finances (France)">Inspectorate General of Finances</a> and as an <a href="/wiki/Investment_banker" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment banker">investment banker</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Co" title="Rothschild & Co">Rothschild & Co</a>. Appointed <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée</a> deputy secretary-general by President François Hollande shortly after <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">his election</a> in May 2012, Macron was one of Hollande's senior advisers. Appointed Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs in August 2014 in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Valls_government" title="Second Valls government">second Valls government</a>, he led a number of business-friendly reforms. He resigned in August 2016, in order to launch his 2017 presidential campaign. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> from 2006 to 2009, he ran in the election under the banner of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">En Marche</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">pro-European</a> political movement he founded in April 2016. Partly as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Fillon_affair" title="Fillon affair">Fillon affair</a> which sank the <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">Republican</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a>'s chances, Macron topped the ballot in the first round of voting, and was <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">elected</a> President of France on 7 May 2017 with 66.1% of the vote in the second round, defeating <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Front</a>. At the age of 39, he became the youngest president in French history. In the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 legislative election</a> in June, his party, renamed La République En Marche! (LREM), secured a majority in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>. Macron was elected to a second term in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 presidential election</a>, again defeating Le Pen, thus becoming the first French presidential candidate to win reelection since <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> in <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_(coalition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensemble (coalition)">centrist coalition</a> lost its absolute majority in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_legislative_election" title="2022 French legislative election">2022 legislative election</a>, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> and the formation of France's first <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> since the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> government in <a href="/wiki/1993_French_legislative_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 French legislative elections">1993</a>. In early 2024, Macron appointed <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Gabriel Attal</a> as Prime Minister, youngest head of government in French history and first openly gay man to hold the office, to replace <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Borne" title="Élisabeth Borne">Élisabeth Borne</a>, the second female Prime Minister of France, after a <a href="/wiki/2023-2024_French_government_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023-2024 French government crisis">major government crisis</a>. Following crushing defeat at the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2024 European Parliament election in France">2024 European Parliament elections</a>, Macron dissolved the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> and called for a <a href="/wiki/2024_French_legislative_election" title="2024 French legislative election">snap legislative election</a> which resulted in another hung parliament and electoral defeat for his ruling coalition. It was only the third time in the French Republic's history that a president lost an election he called of his own initiative. 59 days after the election, Macron appointed <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">conservative</a> political figure and former chief <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> negotiator, as Prime Minister. Only three months into his tenure, Barnier was toppled by a <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Barnier_government" title="Collapse of the Barnier government">historic vote of no confidence</a>, prompting Macron to replace him with former minister and Christian Democratic veteran <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a>. During his <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">presidency</a>, Macron has overseen several reforms to <a href="/wiki/French_labour_law" title="French labour law">labour laws</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_France" title="Taxation in France">taxation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_France" title="Pensions in France">pensions</a>; and has pursued a <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy transition">renewable energy transition</a>. Dubbed "president of the rich" by political opponents, increasing <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Protests against Emmanuel Macron">protests</a> against his domestic reforms and demanding his resignation marked the first years of his presidency, culminating in 2018–2020 with the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests">yellow vests protests</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_French_pension_reform_strike" title="2019–2020 French pension reform strike">pension reform strike</a>. In foreign policy, he called for reforms to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) and signed bilateral treaties with <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Treaty" title="Quirinal Treaty">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aachen_Treaty" title="Aachen Treaty">Germany</a>. Macron conducted €40 billion in trade and business agreements with China during the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a> and oversaw a dispute with Australia and the United States over the <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a> security pact. From 2020, he led France's response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">vaccination rollout</a>. In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Borne_government" title="Borne government">government</a> of his prime minister, Élisabeth Borne, passed <a href="/wiki/2023_French_pension_reform_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 French pension reform bill">legislation raising the retirement age from 62 to 64</a>; the pension reforms proved controversial and led to <a href="/wiki/2023_French_pension_reform_strikes" title="2023 French pension reform strikes">public sector strikes and violent protests</a>. He continued <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Opération Chammal</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">war against the Islamic State</a> and joined in the <a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">international condemnation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Professional_career">2 Professional career</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Inspector_of_Finances">2.1 Inspector of Finances</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Investment_banker">2.2 Investment banker</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Early_political_career">3 Early political career</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_(2012-2014)">3.1 Deputy Secretary-General of the Élysée (2012-2014)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Minister_of_Economics_and_Industry_(2014-2017)">3.2 Minister of Economics and Industry (2014-2017)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Macron_Law">3.2.1 Macron Law</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#2017_presidential_campaign">3.3 2017 presidential campaign</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Formation_of_En_Marche_and_resignation_from_government">3.3.1 Formation of En Marche and resignation from government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#First_round_of_the_presidential_election">3.3.2 First round of the presidential election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Second_round_of_the_presidential_election">3.3.3 Second round of the presidential election</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#First_term_(2017%E2%80%932022)">4 First term (2017–2022)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Domestic_policy">4.1 Domestic policy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Anti-corruption">4.1.1 Anti-corruption</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Labour_policy_and_unions">4.1.2 Labour policy and unions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Migrant_crisis">4.1.3 Migrant crisis</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Economic_policy">4.1.4 Economic policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Terrorism">4.1.5 Terrorism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Civil_rights">4.1.6 Civil rights</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Foreign_policy_and_national_defence">4.1.7 Foreign policy and national defence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Approval_ratings">4.1.8 Approval ratings</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Benalla_affair">4.1.9 Benalla affair</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#2022_presidential_campaign">4.2 2022 presidential campaign</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Second_term_(2022%E2%80%93present)">5 Second term (2022–present)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Borne_government">5.1 Borne government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#June_2022_legislative_election">5.2 June 2022 legislative election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Domestic_affairs">5.3 Domestic affairs</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Pension_reform">5.3.1 Pension reform</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Votes_of_no-confidence_in_the_Borne_government">5.3.2 Votes of no-confidence in the Borne government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Nahel_Merzouk_riots">5.3.3 Nahel Merzouk riots</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#2023_government_reshuffle">5.3.4 2023 government reshuffle</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Defence_policy">5.3.5 Defence policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Immigration_policy">5.3.6 Immigration policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Constitutional_reform">5.3.7 Constitutional reform</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Attal_government">5.3.8 Attal government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Economy">5.3.9 Economy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#2024_snap_legislative_election">5.4 2024 snap legislative election</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Vote_of_no-confidence_in_the_Barnier_government">5.4.1 Vote of no-confidence in the Barnier government</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#External_affairs">5.5 External affairs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Controversies">6 Controversies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Uber_Files">6.1 Uber Files</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Political_positions">7 Political positions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Co-prince_of_Andorra">8 Co-prince of Andorra</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#Personal_life">9 Personal life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#Honours_and_decorations">10 Honours and decorations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#National_honours">10.1 National honours</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Foreign_honours">10.2 Foreign honours</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="#Prizes">11 Prizes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#Publications">12 Publications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#Notes">13 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#References">14 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="#Further_reading">15 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="#External_links">16 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Macron was born on 21 December 1977 in <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>. He is the son of Françoise Macron (née Noguès), a physician, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Macron" title="Jean-Michel Macron">Jean-Michel Macron</a>, professor of <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Picardy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Picardy">University of Picardy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> The couple divorced in 2010. He has two siblings, Laurent, born in 1979, and Estelle, born in 1982. Françoise and Jean-Michel's first child was stillborn.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> The Macron family legacy is traced back to the village of <a href="/wiki/Authie,_Somme" title="Authie, Somme">Authie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> One of his paternal great-grandfathers, George William Robertson, was English, and was born in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> His maternal grandparents, Jean and Germaine Noguès (née Arribet), are from the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenean</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Bagn%C3%A8res-de-Bigorre" title="Bagnères-de-Bigorre">Bagnères-de-Bigorre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> He commonly visited Bagnères-de-Bigorre to visit his grandmother Germaine, whom he called "Manette".<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Macron associates his enjoyment of reading<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> and his leftward political leanings to Germaine, who, after coming from a modest upbringing of a stationmaster father and a housekeeping mother, became a teacher and then a principal.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Although raised in a non-religious family, Macron was baptized a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> at his own request at age 12; he is <a href="/wiki/Agnostic_atheism" title="Agnostic atheism">agnostic</a> today.<a href="#cite_note-lacroixgorcelajeunessetres-12">[11]</a> Macron was educated mainly at the Jesuit institute <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_la_Providence" title="Lycée la Providence">Lycée la Providence</a><a href="#cite_note-galabio-13">[12]</a> in Amiens<a href="#cite_note-france24-14">[13]</a> before his parents sent him to finish his last year of school<a href="#cite_note-Chrisafis-15">[14]</a> at the elite <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Henri-IV" title="Lycée Henri-IV">Lycée Henri-IV</a> in Paris, where he completed the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée">high school</a> curriculum and the <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A2gne" title="Khâgne">undergraduate program</a> with a "Bac S, Mention Très bien". At the same time, he was nominated for the "<a href="/wiki/Concours_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Concours général">Concours général</a>" (most selective national level high school competition) in French literature and received his diploma for his piano studies at Amiens Conservatory.<a href="#cite_note-Neva_Editions_2015,_p.193-16">[15]</a> His parents sent him to Paris due to their alarm at the bond he had formed with <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Macron" title="Brigitte Macron">Brigitte Auzière</a>, a married teacher with three children at Jésuites de la Providence, who later became his wife.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> In Paris, Macron twice failed to gain entry to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École normale supérieure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vincent_de_F%C3%A9ligonde-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> He instead studied philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_X" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris X">University of Paris-Ouest Nanterre La Défense</a>, obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27%C3%89tudes_Approfondies" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplôme d'Études Approfondies">DEA</a> degree (a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_Europe" title="Master's degree in Europe">master level degree</a>), with a thesis on <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-galabio-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-lefigdejaeger-21">[20]</a> Around 1999 Macron worked as an editorial assistant to <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ricoeur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Ricoeur">Paul Ricoeur</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">French Protestant</a> philosopher who was then writing his last major work, La Mémoire, l'Histoire, l'Oubli. Macron worked mainly on the notes and bibliography.<a href="#cite_note-Gu%C3%A9laud-2012-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Macron became a member of the editorial board of the literary magazine <a href="/wiki/Esprit_(magazine)" title="Esprit (magazine)">Esprit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Macron did not perform <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_France" title="Conscription in France">national service</a> because he was pursuing his graduate studies. Born in December 1977, he belonged to the last cohort for whom military service was mandatory.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-gnmhf-26">[25]</a> Macron obtained a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_Europe" title="Master's degree in Europe">master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public affairs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'études politiques de Paris">Sciences Po</a>, majoring in "Public Guidance and Economy" before training for a senior civil service career at the selective <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a> (ENA), training at the French Embassy in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a> before graduating in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-28">[27]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Professional_career">Professional career</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspector_of_Finances">Inspector of Finances</h3></div> After graduating from ENA in 2004, Macron became an Inspector in the <a href="/wiki/Inspection_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_finances_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspection générale des finances (France)">Inspection générale des finances</a> (IGF), a branch of the <a href="/wiki/French_Ministry_for_the_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="French Ministry for the Economy and Finance">Finance Ministry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gu%C3%A9laud-2012-22">[21]</a> Macron was mentored by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jouyet" title="Jean-Pierre Jouyet">Jean-Pierre Jouyet</a>, the then-head of the IGF.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> During his time as an Inspector of Finances, Macron gave lectures during the summer at the "prep'ENA" (a special cram school for the ENA entrance examination) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_priv%C3%A9_de_pr%C3%A9paration_aux_%C3%A9tudes_sup%C3%A9rieures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut privé de préparation aux études supérieures (page does not exist)">IPESUP</a>, an elite private school specializing in preparation for the entrance examinations of the <a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">Grandes écoles</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC</a> or Sciences Po.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Parisot" title="Laurence Parisot">Laurence Parisot</a> offered him the job of managing director for <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_des_Entreprises_de_France" title="Mouvement des Entreprises de France">Mouvement des Entreprises de France</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Employer_federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Employer federation">employer federation</a> in France, but he declined.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> In August 2007, Macron was appointed deputy rapporteur for <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Attali" title="Jacques Attali">Jacques Attali</a>'s "Commission to Unleash French Growth".<a href="#cite_note-france24-14">[13]</a> In 2008, Macron paid €50,000 to buy himself out of his government contract.<a href="#cite_note-marnham-34">[33]</a> He then became an investment banker in a highly-paid position at <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Cie_Banque" class="mw-redirect" title="Rothschild & Cie Banque">Rothschild & Cie Banque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-macronbio-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-lepoint-36">[35]</a> In March 2010, he was appointed to the Attali Commission as a member.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investment_banker">Investment banker</h3></div> In September 2008, Macron left his job as an Inspector of Finances and took a position at <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Co" title="Rothschild & Co">Rothschild & Cie Banque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Macron left the government when <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> became president. He was originally offered the job by François Henrot. His first responsibility at the bank was assisting with the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Cofidis" title="Cofidis">Cofidis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Mutuel" title="Crédit Mutuel">Crédit Mutuel</a> Nord Europe.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Macron formed a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Alain_Minc" title="Alain Minc">Alain Minc</a>, a businessman on the supervisory board of <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> In 2010, Macron was promoted to partner with the bank after working on the recapitalization of Le Monde and the acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">Atos</a> of <a href="/wiki/Atos_Information_Technology_Incorporated" title="Atos Information Technology Incorporated">Siemens IT Solutions and Services.</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> In the same year, Macron was put in charge of <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a>'s acquisition of Pfizer's infant nutrition division for €9 billion, which made him a millionaire.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> In February 2012, Macron advised businessman <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Tillous-Borde" title="Philippe Tillous-Borde">Philippe Tillous-Borde</a>, the CEO of the <a href="/wiki/Avril_Group" title="Avril Group">Avril Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Macron reported that he had earned €2 million between December 2010 and May 2012.<a href="#cite_note-L'Express-2014-45">[44]</a> Official documents show that between 2009 and 2013, Macron had earned almost €3 million.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> He left Rothschild & Cie in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> In his youth beginning in 1998, Macron worked for the <a href="/wiki/Citizen_and_Republican_Movement" title="Citizen and Republican Movement">Citizens' Movement</a> for two years, but he never applied to be a member.<a href="#cite_note-Marianne-2015-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-L'Express-2014-45">[44]</a> Macron was an assistant for Mayor <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sarre" title="Georges Sarre">Georges Sarre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/11th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="11th arrondissement of Paris">11th arrondissement of Paris</a> during his time at Sciences Po.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Macron joined the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> at the age of 24,<a href="#cite_note-Lib%C3%A9ration-51">[50]</a> but last renewed his membership for the period 2006–2009.<a href="#cite_note-scan-52">[51]</a> Macron met <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> through Jean-Pierre Jouyet in 2006 and joined his staff in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Lib%C3%A9ration-51">[50]</a> In 2007, Macron attempted to run for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> in Picardy under the Socialist Party label in the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">2007 legislative elections</a>; however, his application was declined.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Macron was offered the chance to be the deputy chief of staff to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a> in 2010, though he declined.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_Élysée_(2012-2014)">Deputy Secretary-General of the Élysée (2012-2014)</h3></div> On 15 May 2012, Macron became the deputy secretary-general of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée</a>, a senior role in President François Hollande's staff.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-kaplan-28">[27]</a> Macron served with <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Revel" title="Nicolas Revel">Nicolas Revel</a>. He served under the secretary-general, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Ren%C3%A9_Lemas" title="Pierre-René Lemas">Pierre-René Lemas</a>. During the summer of 2012, Macron put forward a proposal that would increase the 35-hour work week to 37 hours until 2014. He also tried to hold back the large tax increases on the highest earners that were planned by the government. Hollande refused Macron's proposals.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> In 2013, his was one of the deciding votes against regulating the salaries of <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEOs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Nicolas Revel, the other deputy secretary-general of the Élysée opposed Macron on a proposed budget responsibility pact favoured by the <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_des_Entreprises_de_France" title="Mouvement des Entreprises de France">Medef</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Berretta-2014-58">[57]</a> On 10 June 2014, it was announced that Macron had resigned from his role and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Boone" title="Laurence Boone">Laurence Boone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Reasons given for his departure included his disappointment at not being included in the <a href="/wiki/First_Valls_government" title="First Valls government">first Government of Manuel Valls</a> and his frustration with his lack of influence on the reforms proposed by the government.<a href="#cite_note-Berretta-2014-58">[57]</a> This was following the appointment of Jean-Pierre Jouyet as chief of staff.<a href="#cite_note-L'Obs-2-60">[59]</a> Jouyet said that Macron left to "continue personal aspirations"<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> and create his own financial consultancy firm.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> It was later reported that he was planning to create an investment firm that would attempt to fund educational projects.<a href="#cite_note-Marianne-2015-49">[48]</a> Shortly afterwards he was hired as a <a href="/wiki/Research_fellow" title="Research fellow">research fellow</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a> with the help of businessman Alain Minc. He had also sought a position at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Offered a chance to be a candidate in the municipal elections in 2014 in his hometown of Amiens, Macron declined,<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> leading François Hollande to reject Manuel Valls's idea of appointing him Budget Minister, as he had never been elected to public office.<a href="#cite_note-L'Obs-2-60">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Economics_and_Industry_(2014-2017)">Minister of Economics and Industry (2014-2017)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Uber_Files" title="Uber Files">Uber Files</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Macron_(27_ao%C3%BBt_2014).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg/269px-Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 269px;height: 152px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg/269px-Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg" data-width="269" data-height="152" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg/404px-Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg/538px-Emmanuel_Macron_%2827_ao%C3%BBt_2014%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron as the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (France)">French Minister of Economics and Industry</a></figcaption></figure>He was appointed as the Minister of Economics and Industry in the second <a href="/wiki/Second_Valls_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Valls Government">Valls Cabinet</a> on 26 August 2014, replacing <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-corbet-65">[64]</a> He was the youngest Minister of Economics since <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Macron was branded by the media as the "Anti-Montebourg" due to being pro-EU and much more liberal, while Montebourg was <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">eurosceptic</a> and left-wing.<a href="#cite_note-lejdd-67">[66]</a> As Minister of Economics, Macron was at the forefront of pushing through business-friendly reforms. On 17 February 2015, prime minister <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a> pushed Macron's signature law package through a reluctant parliament using the special <a href="/wiki/49.3_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="49.3 (France)">49.3 procedure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Revault_d'Allonnes-2015-68">[67]</a> Macron increased the French share in the company <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> from 15% to 20% and then enforced the Florange law which grants double voting rights on shares registered for more than two years unless two-thirds of shareholders vote to overturn it.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> This gave the French state a minority share in the company though Macron later stated that the government would limit its powers within Renault.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Macron was widely criticized for being unable to prevent the closing down of an Ecopla factory in <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> In August 2015, Macron said that he was no longer a member of the Socialist Party and was an independent.<a href="#cite_note-scan-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Macron_Law">Macron Law</h4></div> A law which had originally been sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a> before he left the government, and which had focused on "purchasing power", grew into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macron_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macron law (page does not exist)">Macron law</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_pour_la_croissance,_l%27activit%C3%A9_et_l%27%C3%A9galit%C3%A9_des_chances_%C3%A9conomiques" class="extiw" title="fr:Loi pour la croissance, l'activité et l'égalité des chances économiques">fr</a>], a grab bag of measures liberalizing laws prohibiting work on Sunday and at night; restrictions on coaches for public transportation; regulations for debt collectors, barristers and auctioneers; and rules governing the rental of equipment by the military from private companies. The law also sought to simplify many government procedures, such as that for obtaining a driving licence.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Manuel Valls, fearing that it would not pass in the National Assembly, decided to push the law through with the 49.3 procedure<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Revault_d'Allonnes-2015-68">[67]</a> and so it was adopted on 10 April 2015.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Estimates of the increase in GDP the law might generate ranged from 0.3% to 0.5%.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_presidential_campaign">2017 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Formation_of_En_Marche_and_resignation_from_government">Formation of En Marche and resignation from government</h4></div> Macron first became known to the French public after his appearance on the French TV programme Des Paroles Et Des Actes in March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Before forming his political party <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">En Marche!</a>, he gave a number of speeches, his first one in March 2015 in <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> He threatened to leave Manuel Valls' <a href="/wiki/Second_Valls_government" title="Second Valls government">second government</a> over the proposed removal of dual-nationality from terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> He also took various foreign trips, including one to Israel where he spoke on the advancement of digital technology.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Tensions around the question of Macron's loyalty to the Valls government and Hollande increased when they turned down a bill he put forward dubbed "Macron 2", which had a larger scope than his original law.<a href="#cite_note-orange-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-L'Opinion-2016-84">[83]</a> Macron was given the chance to help draft into the <a href="/wiki/El_Khomri_law" title="El Khomri law">El Khomri law</a> and put specific parts of "Macron 2" into the law though El Khomri was able to overturn these with the help of other ministers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Amid tensions and deterioration of relations with the current government, Macron founded an independent political party, En Marche, in Amiens on 6 April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Social-liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-liberal">social-liberal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-unBanquier-86">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> political movement that gathered huge media coverage when it was first established,<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> the party and Macron were both reprimanded by President Hollande and the question of Macron's loyalty to the government was raised.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> Several MEPs spoke out in support for the movement<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> though the majority of the Socialist Party spoke against En Marche including <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a>,<a href="#cite_note-brustier-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Michel Sapin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Axelle_Lemaire" title="Axelle Lemaire">Axelle Lemaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Eckert" title="Christian Eckert">Christian Eckert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> In June 2016, support for Macron and his movement, En Marche, began to grow in the media with <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a> reporting that <a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Échos (France)">Les Échos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le 1 (page does not exist)">Le 1</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_1" class="extiw" title="fr:Le 1">fr</a>], and <a href="/wiki/L%27Opinion_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Opinion (newspaper)">L'Opinion</a> had begun to support him.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Following several controversies surrounding trade unionists and their protests, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acrimed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acrimed (page does not exist)">Acrimed</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrimed" class="extiw" title="fr:Acrimed">fr</a>] reported that major newspapers began to run front-page stories about Macron and En Marche.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Criticized by both the far-left and the far-right, these pro-Macron influencers in the press were dubbed "Macronites".<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> In May 2016, <a href="/wiki/Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleans">Orleans</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Carr%C3%A9" title="Olivier Carré">Olivier Carré</a> invited Macron to the festival commemorating the 587th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a>'s efforts during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Siege of Orléans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/La_Cha%C3%AEne_Info" title="La Chaîne Info">LCI</a> reported that Macron was trying to take back the symbol of Joan of Arc from the far-right.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Macron later went to <a href="/wiki/Puy_du_Fou" class="mw-redirect" title="Puy du Fou">Puy du Fou</a> and declared he was "not a socialist" in a speech amid rumours he was going to leave the current government.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> On 30 August 2016, Macron resigned from the government ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bbc-macron-quits-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> to devote himself to his En Marche movement.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> There had been rising tensions and several reports that he had wanted to leave the Valls government since early 2015.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> He initially planned to leave after the cancellation[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] of his "Macron 2" law<a href="#cite_note-L'Opinion-2016-84">[83]</a> but decided to stay on temporarily after a meeting with President François Hollande.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> Michel Sapin was announced as Macron's replacement,<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> while Hollande said he felt Macron had "methodically betrayed" him.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Institut_fran%C3%A7ais_d%27opinion_publique" title="Institut français d'opinion publique">IFOP</a> poll showed that 84% of those surveyed agreed with his decision to resign.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_round_of_the_presidential_election">First round of the presidential election</h4></div> Macron first showed his intention to run by forming En Marche, but following his resignation from the government, he was able to dedicate more time to his movement. He first announced that he was considering running for president in April 2016,<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> and after his resignation from the position of economy minister, media sources began to identify patterns in his fundraising indicating he would run.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> In October 2016, Macron criticized Hollande's goal of being a "normal" president, saying that France needed a more "<a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiterian</a> presidency".<a href="#cite_note-jupiter-115">[114]</a> On 16 November 2016, Macron formally declared his candidacy for the French presidency after months of speculation. In his announcement speech, he called for a "democratic revolution" and promised to "unblock France".<a href="#cite_note-centrist1-116">[115]</a> He had expressed hope that Hollande would run several months earlier, saying that—as the sitting president—he was the legitimate Socialist party candidate.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> Macron's book Révolution was published on 24 November 2016 and reached fifth position on the French best-seller list in December 2016.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Shortly after announcing his run, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Cambad%C3%A9lis" title="Jean-Christophe Cambadélis">Jean-Christophe Cambadélis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a> both asked Macron to run in the <a href="/wiki/French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2017">Socialist Party presidential primary</a>, which he ultimately refused to do.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Jean-Christophe Cambadélis began to threaten to exclude members who associated or supported Macron following <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Collomb" title="Gérard Collomb">Gérard Collomb</a> throwing his support behind him.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Macron's campaign, headed by French economist <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Ferracci" title="Sophie Ferracci">Sophie Ferracci</a>,<a href="#cite_note-decodeurs-123">[122]</a> announced in December 2016 that it had raised 3.7 million euros in donations,<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> three times the budget of then-front runner <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Macron came under criticism from several individuals, including <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Hamon" title="Benoît Hamon">Benoît Hamon</a>−who requested he reveal a list of his donors and accused him of conflicts of interest due to the time he spent at Rothschilds,<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> which Macron dismissed as "demagogy".<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Journalists Marion L'Hour and Frédéric Says later reported that he had spent €120,000 on setting up dinners and meetings with various personalities within the media and in French popular culture while at Bercy.<a href="#cite_note-Roger-2017-128">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Jacob_(politician)" title="Christian Jacob (politician)">Christian Jacob</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Vigier" title="Philippe Vigier">Philippe Vigier</a> accused him of using this money to campaign without campaigning.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> His successor, Michel Sapin, saw nothing illegal about his actions, saying that he had the right to spend the funds.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> Macron called the allegations "defamatory" and said that none of the ministerial budget had been spent on his party.<a href="#cite_note-Roger-2017-128">[127]</a> Macron's campaign enjoyed considerable coverage from the media.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> Mediapart reported that over fifty magazine covers were dedicated purely to him.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Friends with the owners of Le Monde<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> and Claude Perdiel, the former owner of <a href="/wiki/L%27Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Obs">Nouvel Observateur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> he was labelled the "media candidate" by the far-left and far-right and was viewed as such in opinion polls.<a href="#cite_note-Lib%C3%A9ration.fr-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> Many observers compared his campaign to a product being sold<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Maurice_L%C3%A9vy_(Publicis)" title="Maurice Lévy (Publicis)">Maurice Lévy</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Publicis" title="Publicis">Publicis</a> CEO, using marketing tactics to try to advance his presidential ambitions.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> The magazine Marianne reported that <a href="/wiki/BFM_TV" title="BFM TV">BFM TV</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Drahi" title="Patrick Drahi">Patrick Drahi</a>, broadcast more coverage of Macron than of all the other main candidates combined.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> Marianne speculated that this might be due to the campaigns links with Drahi through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Mourad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Mourad (page does not exist)">Bernard Mourad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a>, with whom Macron had been compared, announced he was not going to stand in the presidential election and instead formed an electoral alliance with Macron,<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> whose poll ratings began to rise. After several legal issues surrounding François Fillon were publicized, Macron overtook him in the polls to become the front-runner.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> Macron attracted criticism for the time taken to spell out a formal program during his campaign; despite declaring in November that he had still not released a complete set of proposals by February, attracting both attacks from critics and concern among allies and supporters.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> He eventually laid out his 150-page formal program on 2 March, publishing it online and discussing it at a marathon press conference that day.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre,_Paris_(33707026433).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg/220px-French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg/220px-French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg/330px-French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg/440px-French_Election-_Celebrations_at_The_Louvre%2C_Paris_%2833707026433%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron's supporters celebrating his victory at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> on 7 May 2017</figcaption></figure> Macron accumulated a wide array of supporters, securing endorsements from François Bayrou of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a> (MoDem), MEP <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a>, the ecologist candidate <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Rugy" title="François de Rugy">François de Rugy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2017">primary of the left</a>, and Socialist MP <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ferrand" title="Richard Ferrand">Richard Ferrand</a>, secretary-general of En Marche, as well as numerous others – many of them from the Socialist Party, but also a significant number of centrist and centre-right politicians.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Paris" title="Grand Mosque of Paris">Grand Mosque of Paris</a> urged <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_France" title="Islam in France">French Muslims</a> to vote en masse for Macron.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> On 23 April 2017, Macron received the most votes in the first round of the presidential election, with more than 8 million votes (24%) and faced <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> in the second round, with the support of former candidates François Fillon and Benoît Hamon<a href="#cite_note-Le_Parisien-2017-152">[151]</a> and the sitting president François Hollande.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_round_of_the_presidential_election">Second round of the presidential election</h4></div> Many foreign politicians supported Macron in his bid against right-wing populist candidate <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>, including <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>, German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> and former US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> A debate was arranged between Macron and Le Pen on 3 May 2017. The debate lasted for two hours and opinion polls showed that he was perceived to have won.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> In March 2017, Macron's digital campaign manager, <a href="/wiki/Mounir_Mahjoubi" title="Mounir Mahjoubi">Mounir Mahjoubi</a>, told Britain's <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> that Russia is behind "high level attacks" on Macron, and said that its state media are "the first source of false information". He said: "We are accusing <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> (formerly known as Russia Today) and <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Sputnik News</a> (of being) the first source of false information shared about our candidate ...".<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Two days before the French presidential election on 7 May, it was reported that nine gigabytes of <a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">Macron's campaign emails</a> had been anonymously posted to <a href="/wiki/Pastebin.com" title="Pastebin.com">Pastebin</a>, a document-sharing site. These documents were then spread onto the imageboard <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, which led to the hashtag "#macronleaks" trending on Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> In a statement the same evening, Macron's political movement, En Marche, said: "The En Marche movement has been the victim of a massive and coordinated hack this evening which has given rise to the diffusion on social media of various internal information".<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Macron's campaign had previously been presented a report in March 2017 by the Japanese cyber security firm <a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro" title="Trend Micro">Trend Micro</a> detailing how <a href="/wiki/En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="En Marche!">En Marche</a> had been the target of phishing attacks.<a href="#cite_note-magazine-161">[160]</a> Trend Micro said that the group conducting these attacks was the Russian hacking group <a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a>, also accused of hacking the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> on <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">22 July 2016</a>.<a href="#cite_note-magazine-161">[160]</a> 21,075 verified emails and another 50,773 emails it could not verify were <a href="/wiki/List_of_material_published_by_WikiLeaks#2017_Macron_email_leak" title="List of material published by WikiLeaks">released in July 2017 by WikiLeaks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> This followed Le Pen accusing Macron of tax avoidance.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> On 7 May 2017, Macron was elected President of France with 66.1% of the vote to Marine Le Pen's 33.9%. The election had record abstention at 25.4%, and 8% of ballots were blank or spoiled.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> Macron resigned from his role as president of En Marche<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> and Catherine Barbaroux became interim leader.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="First_term_(2017–2022)">First term (2017–2022)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">Presidency of Emmanuel Macron</a></div> Macron qualified for the runoff after the first round of the election on 23 April 2017. He won the second round of the presidential election on 7 May 2017 by a landslide according to preliminary results,<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> making the candidate of the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a>, Marine Le Pen, concede.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> At 39, he became the youngest president in French history and the youngest French head of state since <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-Napoleon-170">[169]</a> He is also the first president of France born after the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> in 1958. Macron formally became president on 14 May.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> He appointed <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Strzoda" title="Patrick Strzoda">Patrick Strzoda</a> as his chief of staff<a href="#cite_note-france3grammontstrzoda-172">[171]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%ABl_Emelien" title="Ismaël Emelien">Ismaël Emelien</a> as his special advisor for strategy, communication and speeches.<a href="#cite_note-bfmtvleparcours-173">[172]</a> On 15 May, he appointed <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">the Republicans</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> On the same day, he made his first official foreign visit, meeting in Berlin with Angela Merkel, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>. The two leaders emphasised the importance of <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France–Germany relations</a> to the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> They agreed to draw up a "common road map" for Europe, insisting that neither was against changes to the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties of the European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 legislative election</a>, Macron's party La République En Marche and its Democratic Movement allies secured a comfortable majority, winning 350 seats out of 577.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> After the Republicans emerged as the winners of the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_Senate_election" title="2017 French Senate election">Senate elections</a>, government spokesman Christophe Castaner stated the elections were a "failure" for his party.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> On 3 July 2020, Macron appointed the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Jean Castex</a> as the Prime Minister of France. Castex, described as a <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservative</a>, was a member of <a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Républicains">the Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> The appointment was described as "doubling down on a course that is widely seen as centre-right in economic terms".<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> In his first few months as president, Macron pressed for the enactment of a package of reforms on public ethics, labour laws, taxes, and law enforcement agency powers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-corruption">Anti-corruption</h4></div> In response to <a href="/wiki/Fillon_affair" title="Fillon affair">Penelopegate</a>, the National Assembly passed a part of Macron's proposed law to stop mass corruption in French politics by July 2017, banning elected representatives from hiring family members.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> Meanwhile, the second part of the law scrapping a constituency fund was scheduled for voting after Senate objections.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> Macron's plan to give his wife an official role within government came under fire with criticisms ranging from its being undemocratic to what critics perceive as a contradiction to his fight against <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> Following an online petition of nearly 290,000 signatures on <a href="/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">change.org</a> Macron abandoned the plan.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> On 9 August, the National Assembly adopted the bill on public ethics, a key theme of Macron's campaign, after debates on the scrapping the constituency funds.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Labour_policy_and_unions">Labour policy and unions</h4></div> Macron aims to shift union-management relations away from the adversarial lines of the current French system and toward a more flexible, consensus-driven system modelled after <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">Germany</a> and Scandinavia.<a href="#cite_note-Briacon-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alderman-188">[187]</a> He has also pledged to act against companies employing cheaper labour from eastern Europe and in return affecting jobs of French workers, what he has termed as "<a href="/wiki/Social_dumping" title="Social dumping">social dumping</a>". Under the <a href="/wiki/Posted_Workers_Directive_1996" title="Posted Workers Directive 1996">Posted Workers Directive 1996</a>, eastern European workers can be employed for a limited time at the salary level in eastern European countries, which has led to dispute between the EU states.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> The French government announced the proposed changes to France's labour rules ("Code du Travail"), being among the first steps taken by Macron and his government to galvanize the French economy.<a href="#cite_note-NYtimetest-190">[189]</a> Macron's reform efforts have encountered resistance from some French trade unions.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> The largest trade union, the <a href="/wiki/CFDT" class="mw-redirect" title="CFDT">CFDT</a>, has taken a conciliatory approach to Macron's push and has engaged in negotiations with the president, while the more militant <a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(France)" title="General Confederation of Labour (France)">CGT</a> is more hostile to reforms.<a href="#cite_note-Briacon-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alderman-188">[187]</a> Macron's labour minister, <a href="/wiki/Muriel_P%C3%A9nicaud" title="Muriel Pénicaud">Muriel Pénicaud</a>, is overseeing the effort.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> The National Assembly including the Senate approved the proposal, allowing the government to loosen the labour laws after negotiations with unions and employers' groups.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> The reforms, which were discussed with unions, limit payouts for dismissals deemed unfair and give companies greater freedom to hire and fire employees as well as to define acceptable working conditions. The president signed five <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cret" class="mw-redirect" title="Décret">decrees</a> reforming the labour rules on 22 September.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Government figures released in October 2017 revealed that during the legislative push to reform the labour code, the unemployment rate had dropped 1.8%, the biggest since 2001.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Migrant_crisis">Migrant crisis</h4></div> Speaking on refugees and, specifically, the <a href="/wiki/Calais_Jungle" title="Calais Jungle">Calais Jungle</a>, Macron said on 16 January 2018 that he would not allow another refugee camp to form in Paris before outlining the government policy towards immigration and asylum.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> He has also announced plans to speed up asylum applications and deportations but give refugees better housing.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> On 23 June 2018, President Macron said: "The reality is that Europe is not experiencing a migration crisis of the same magnitude as the one it experienced in 2015", "a country like Italy has not at all the same migratory pressure as last year. The crisis we are experiencing today in Europe is a political crisis".<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> In November 2019, Macron introduced new immigration rules to restrict the number of refugees reaching France, while stating to "<a href="/wiki/Take_back_control" title="Take back control">take back control</a>" of the immigration policy.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> In 2022, the total number of new foreigners coming to France rose above 320,000 for the first time, with nearly a majority coming from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Villiers" title="Pierre de Villiers">Pierre de Villiers</a>, then-Chief of the General Staff of the Armies, stepped down on 19 July 2017 following a confrontation with Macron.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> De Villiers cited the military budget cut of €850 million as the main reason he was stepping down. Le Monde later reported that De Villiers told a parliamentary group, "I will not let myself be fucked like this."<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> Macron named <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Lecointre" title="François Lecointre">François Lecointre</a> as De Villiers' replacement.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> Macron's government presented its first budget on 27 September, the terms of which reduced taxes as well as spending to bring the public deficit in line with the EU's fiscal rules.<a href="#cite_note-Budget-204">[203]</a> The budget replaced the <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a> with one targeting real estate, fulfilling Macron's campaign pledge to scrap the wealth tax.<a href="#cite_note-wealthtax-205">[204]</a> Before it was replaced, the tax collected up to 1.5% of the wealth of French residents whose global worth exceeded €1.3m.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> In February 2018, Macron announced a plan to offer <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_redundancy" title="Voluntary redundancy">voluntary redundancy</a> in an attempt to further cut jobs from the French civil service.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> In December 2019, Macron announced that he would scrap the 20th-century pension system and introduce a single national pension system managed by the state.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> In January 2020, after weeks of public transport shutdown and vandalism across Paris against the new pension plan, Macron compromised on the plan by revising the retirement age.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> In February, the pension overhaul was adopted by decree using <a href="/wiki/Article_49_of_the_French_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 49 of the French constitution">Article 49 of the French constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> However, on 16 March 2020, Macron announced that the draft legislation would be pulled as France went into <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 lockdown">lockdown</a> to slow the spread of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Terrorism">Terrorism</h4></div> In July 2017, the Senate approved its first reading of a controversial bill with stricter anti-terror laws, a campaign pledge of Macron. The National Assembly voted on 3 October to pass bill 415–127, with 19 abstentions. Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Collomb" title="Gérard Collomb">Gérard Collomb</a> described France as being "still in a state of war" ahead of the vote, with the <a href="/wiki/Marseille_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseille stabbing">1 October Marseille stabbing</a> having taken place two days prior. The Senate then passed the bill on its second reading by a 244–22 margin on 18 October. Later that day Macron stated that 13 terror plots had been foiled since early 2017. The law replaced the <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="State of emergency in France">state of emergency in France</a> and made some of its provisions permanent.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> The bill was criticized by human rights advocates. A public poll by <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> showed 57% of the respondents approved of it even though 62% thought it would encroach on personal freedoms.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> The law gives authorities expanded power to search homes, restrict movement, close places of worship,<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> and search areas around train stations and international ports and airports. It was passed after modifications to address concerns about civil liberties. The most punitive measures will be reviewed annually and were scheduled to lapse by the end of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> The bill was signed into law by Macron on 30 October 2017. He announced that starting 1 November, it would bring an end to the state of emergency.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_rights">Civil rights</h4></div> Visiting <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> in February 2018, Macron sparked controversy when he rejected <a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsican nationalist">Corsican nationalist</a> wishes for <a href="/wiki/Corsican_language" title="Corsican language">Corsican</a> as an official language<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> but offered to recognize Corsica in the French constitution.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> Macron also proposed a plan to "reorganise" the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_France" title="Islam in France">Islamic religion in France</a> saying: "We are working on the structuring of Islam in France and also on how to explain it, which is extremely important – my goal is to rediscover what lies at the heart of <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïcité">laïcité</a>, the possibility of being able to believe as not to believe, in order to preserve national cohesion and the possibility of having freedom of conscience." He declined to reveal further information about the plan.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_policy_and_national_defence">Foreign policy and national defence</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_(28816433758).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump%27s_Trip_to_the_G7_Summit_%2828816433758%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron with Donald Trump, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> and other leaders at the 2018 G7 summit in <a href="/wiki/Charlevoix_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Charlevoix Regional County Municipality">Charlevoix</a>, Quebec</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_(44189487674).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg/220px-President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg/220px-President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg/330px-President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg/440px-President_Donald_J._Trump_at_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%2844189487674%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron shakes hands with US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in September 2018.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden_and_Macron_waving,_2021_(51761609623).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg/220px-Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2005"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg/220px-Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg/330px-Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg/440px-Biden_and_Macron_waving%2C_2021_%2851761609623%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron with US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at the G20 summit in October 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg/220px-Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="1598"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg/220px-Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg/330px-Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg/440px-Macron_Draghi_Quirinale_2021.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron and Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Mario Draghi</a> in 2021, following the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Treaty" title="Quirinal Treaty">Quirinal Treaty</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97,_%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97_69.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97_69.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2001"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97_69.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97_69.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97_69.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron, Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> and German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> in Kyiv in 2022</figcaption></figure> Macron attended the <a href="/wiki/2017_Brussels_summit" title="2017 Brussels summit">2017 Brussels summit</a> on 25 May 2017, his first NATO summit as president of France. At the summit, he met US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> for the first time. The meeting was widely publicized due to a handshake between the two of them, characterized as a "power-struggle".<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> On 29 May 2017, Macron met with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>. The meeting sparked controversy when Macron denounced Russia Today and Sputnik, accusing the news agencies of being "organs of influence and propaganda, of lying propaganda".<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> Macron also urged cooperation in the conflict against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIS</a> and warned that France would respond with force in Syria if chemical weapons were used.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> In response to the <a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">chemical attack in Douma, Syria</a> in 2018, Macron directed French participation in <a href="/wiki/2018_bombing_of_Damascus_and_Homs" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs">airstrikes against Syrian government sites</a>, coordinated with the United States and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> In his first major foreign policy speech on 29 August, President Macron stated that fighting <a href="/wiki/Islamist_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist terrorism">Islamist terrorism</a> at home and abroad was France's top priority. Macron urged a tough international stance to pressure North Korea into negotiations, on the same day it <a href="/wiki/August_2017_North_Korean_missile_launch_over_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 North Korean missile launch over Japan">fired a missile over Japan</a>. He also affirmed his support for the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iranian nuclear deal</a> and criticized <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Venezuela" title="Cabinet of Venezuela">Venezuela's government</a> as a "dictatorship". He added that he would announce his new initiatives on the future of the European Union after the <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">German elections in September</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> At the 56th Munich Security Conference in February, Macron presented his 10-year vision policy to strengthen the European Union. Macron remarked that larger budget, integrated capital markets, effective defence policy and quick decision-making held the key for Europe. He added that reliance on NATO and especially the US and the UK was not good for Europe, and a dialogue must be established with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/45th_G7_summit" title="45th G7 summit">45th G7 summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a>, France, Macron hosted Vladimir Putin at the <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Br%C3%A9gan%C3%A7on" title="Fort de Brégançon">Fort de Brégançon</a>, stating that "Russia fully belongs within a Europe of values."<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> At the summit itself, Macron was invited to attend on the margins by Iranian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Javad_Zarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Javad Zarif">Javad Zarif</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Macron, who "attempted a high-risk diplomatic gambit", thought that the Foreign Minister of Iran might be able to defuse the tense situation over the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Iranian nuclear programme</a> in spite of the recent uptick in tensions between the Islamic Republic and the United States and Britain.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> In March 2019, at a time when China–U.S. economic relations were troubled with a <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">trade war</a> underway, Macron and Chinese leader <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> signed a series of 15 large-scale trade and business agreements totaling 40 billion euros (US$45 billion) which covered many sectors over a period of years.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> This included a €30 billion purchase of airplanes from <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>. Going beyond aviation, the new trade agreement covered French exports of chicken, a French-built offshore wind farm in China, a Franco-Chinese cooperation fund, as well as billions of Euros of co-financing between <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a>. Other plans included billions of euros to be spent on modernizing Chinese factories, as well as new ship building.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> In July 2020, Macron called for sanctions against <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> for <a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">violating Greece's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus' sovereignty</a>, saying it is "not acceptable that the maritime space of (EU) member states be violated and threatened."<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> He also criticized <a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_intervention_in_the_Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War">Turkish military intervention in Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> Macron said that "We have the right to expect more from Turkey than from Russia, given that it is a member of NATO."<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> In 2021, Macron was reported as saying <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> was not truly part of the United Kingdom following disputes with UK Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> over implementations of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland protocol">Northern Ireland protocol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> He later denied this, saying he was referring to the fact that Great Britain is separated from Northern Ireland by sea in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea_border" title="Irish Sea border">Irish Sea border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="France–United States relations">French-U.S. relations</a> became tense in September 2021 due to fallout from the <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a> security pact between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The security pact is directed at countering <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese power</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region. As part of the agreement, the U.S. agreed to provide <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear-powered submarine">nuclear-powered submarines</a> to Australia. After entering into AUKUS, the Australian government canceled an agreement that it had made with France for the <a href="/wiki/Attack-class_submarine" title="Attack-class submarine">provision of French conventionally powered submarines</a>, angering the French government.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> On 17 September, France recalled its ambassadors from Australia and the US for consultations.<a href="#cite_note-recall-241">[240]</a> Despite tension in the past, France had never before withdrawn its ambassador to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> After a call between Macron and U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on request from the latter, the two leaders agreed to reduce bilateral tensions, and the White House acknowledged the crisis could have been averted if there had been open consultations between allies.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] On 26 November 2021, Macron and Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Mario Draghi</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Treaty" title="Quirinal Treaty">Quirinal Treaty</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Quirinal Palace</a> in Rome.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> The treaty aimed to promote the convergence and coordination of French and Italian positions in matters of European and foreign policies, security and defence, migration policy, economy, education, research, culture and cross-border cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Macron spoke face-to-face and on the phone to Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> During Macron's campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">re-election</a>, nearly two months after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion</a> began, Macron called on European leaders to maintain dialogue with Putin.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Approval_ratings">Approval ratings</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Emmanuel_Macron_presidency" title="Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency">Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Protests against Emmanuel Macron">Protests against Emmanuel Macron</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg/220px-Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="377"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg/220px-Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg/330px-Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg/440px-Barom%C3%A8tre_politique_Macron.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Approval and disapproval ratings of Macron</figcaption></figure> According to an IFOP poll for <a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a>, Macron started his five-year term with a 62% approval rating,<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> which rose to 64% by 24 June.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> One month later, Macron suffered a 10% point drop in popularity, the largest at the beginning of a term for any president since <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> in 1995, and by August, his popularity had fallen off 24 percentage points since June.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> This was attributed to his recent confrontations with former Chief of Defence Staff <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Villiers" title="Pierre de Villiers">Pierre de Villiers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> the nationalization of the <a href="/wiki/Chantiers_de_l%27Atlantique" title="Chantiers de l'Atlantique">Chantiers de l'Atlantique</a> shipyard owned by the bankrupt <a href="/wiki/STX_Offshore_%26_Shipbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="STX Offshore & Shipbuilding">STX Offshore & Shipbuilding</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> and a reduction in housing benefits.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> By the end of September 2017, seven out of ten respondents said that they believed Emmanuel Macron was respecting his campaign promises,<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> though a majority felt that the policies the government was putting forward were "unfair".<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> Macron's popularity fell sharply again in 2018, reaching about 25% by the end of November during the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow vests movement">yellow vests movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a>, his popularity increased, reaching 50% at its highest in July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Benalla_affair">Benalla affair</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Benalla_affair" title="Benalla affair">Benalla affair</a></div> On 18 July 2018, Le Monde revealed in an article that a member of Macron's staff <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Benalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Benalla">Alexandre Benalla</a> posed as a police officer and beat a protester during May Day demonstrations in Paris earlier in the year and was suspended for a period of 15 days before only being internally demoted. The Élysée failed to refer the case to the public prosecutor and a preliminary investigation into the case was not opened until the day after the publication of the article, and the lenient penalty served by Benalla raised questions within the opposition about whether the executive deliberately chose not to inform the public prosecutor as required under the code of criminal procedure.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_presidential_campaign">2022 presidential campaign</h3></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 election</a>, Macron was the first incumbent to be re-elected since Jacques Chirac defeated Jean-Marie Le Pen in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> Macron again defeated Marine Le Pen in the runoff, this time by a closer margin, with 58.55% of the votes to Le Pen's 41.45%.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Due to near-record abstentions, this represented 38.52% of registered voters, the lowest figure since <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a>'s 37.5% in <a href="/wiki/1969_French_presidential_election" title="1969 French presidential election">1969</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> The French far-right received their highest vote total since the start of the French Republic, with nationalist candidates (Le Pen, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Zemmour" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Zemmour">Zemmour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Dupont-Aignan</a>) winning 32.3% of the votes in the first round and Le Pen achieving a record 41.5% of the votes in the second round.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Second_term_(2022–present)">Second term (2022–present)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">Presidency of Emmanuel Macron</a></div> Though Macron's second inauguration took place on 7 May 2022, his second presidential term officially began on 14 May 2022. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borne_government">Borne government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Borne_government" title="Borne government">Borne government</a></div> On 16 May 2022, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Jean Castex</a> resigned after 22 months as head of government. The same day, President Macron appointed <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Borne" title="Élisabeth Borne">Élisabeth Borne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Matignon" title="Hôtel Matignon">Hôtel Matignon</a>, thus making her the second female PM in French history after <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Édith Cresson</a> between 1991 and 1992. She then formed a new government on 20 May 2022. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2022_legislative_election">June 2022 legislative election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2022_French_legislative_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 French legislative elections">2022 French legislative elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/July_2022_French_government_reshuffle" title="July 2022 French government reshuffle">July 2022 French government reshuffle</a></div> In June 2022, one month into his second term, less than two weeks before the end of the French <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">presidency of the Council of the EU</a> and days after he called for voters to hand him a "solid majority" in a controversial 'tarmac speech',<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> Macron lost his parliamentary majority and was returned a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> in the second round of the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_legislative_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 French legislative elections">2022 legislative election</a>:<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> Macron's <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_Citoyens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensemble Citoyens">presidential coalition</a>, which enjoyed a 115-seat majority going into the election, failed to reach the threshold of 289 seats needed to command an overall majority in the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">National Assembly</a>, retaining only 251 out of the 346 it had held in the previous Assembly, and falling 38 short of an absolute majority.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> Crucially, three close political allies to President Macron were defeated in the elections: incumbent President of the National Assembly <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ferrand" title="Richard Ferrand">Richard Ferrand</a>, Macron's own LREM parliamentary party leader <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Castaner" title="Christophe Castaner">Christophe Castaner</a> and MoDem parliamentary group leader <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mignola" title="Patrick Mignola">Patrick Mignola</a>, thus effectively "decapitating" Macron's parliamentary bloc leadership and further weakening the President's political position in hung parliament territory.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Assembly_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/National_Assembly_2022.svg/230px-National_Assembly_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/National_Assembly_2022.svg/230px-National_Assembly_2022.svg.png" data-width="230" data-height="118" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/National_Assembly_2022.svg/345px-National_Assembly_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/National_Assembly_2022.svg/460px-National_Assembly_2022.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>16th National Assembly of France, elected in 2022.</figcaption></figure> Three government ministers resigned after losing their seats: <a href="/wiki/Justine_B%C3%A9nin" class="mw-redirect" title="Justine Bénin">Justine Bénin</a> (junior minister for the Sea), <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bourguignon" title="Brigitte Bourguignon">Brigitte Bourguignon</a> (Minister for Health and Prevention) and <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_de_Montchalin" title="Amélie de Montchalin">Amélie de Montchalin</a> (Minister for Ecological Transition).<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> Macron's government, still led by Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne, was reshuffled in early July 2022 and continued as a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority administration</a>, after talks with opposition leaders to form a stable <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> failed.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_affairs">Domestic affairs</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2023_French_pension_reform_strikes" title="2023 French pension reform strikes">2023 French pension reform strikes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motions_of_no_confidence_in_the_government_of_%C3%89lisabeth_Borne_(2023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motions of no confidence in the government of Élisabeth Borne (2023)">Motions of no confidence in the government of Élisabeth Borne (2023)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nahel_Merzouk_riots" title="Nahel Merzouk riots">Nahel Merzouk riots</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_French_government_reshuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 French government reshuffle">2023 French government reshuffle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2023-2024_French_government_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023-2024 French government crisis">2023-2024 French government crisis</a></div> Macron's second presidential term began with two significant political controversies. Hours after the new Borne cabinet was announced, rape accusations against newly appointed Minister for Solidarity <a href="/wiki/Damien_Abad" title="Damien Abad">Damien Abad</a> were made public,<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> and on 28 May, the handling of the <a href="/wiki/2022_UEFA_Champions_League_final_chaos" title="2022 UEFA Champions League final chaos">2022 UEFA Champions League final chaos</a> at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis drew criticism at home and abroad.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> Despite its minority status in the legislature after the 2022 legislative election, Macron's government passed bills to ease the cost-of-living crisis,<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> to repeal the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID</a>-era "state of health emergency",<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> and to revive the French nuclear energy sector.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> However, government proposals were defeated several times in the National Assembly<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> and by the end of 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Borne_government" title="Borne government">Borne cabinet</a> had had to use the provisions of <a href="/wiki/Article_49_of_the_French_Constitution" title="Article 49 of the French Constitution">Article 49.3 of the Constitution</a> ten times in a row to pass the 2023 Government Budget and Social Security Budget.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/2024_New_Caledonia_unrest" title="2024 New Caledonia unrest">protests and riots</a> broke out in <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>. On 22 May, Macron visited the island.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pension_reform">Pension reform</h4></div> In March 2023, Macron's government passed a law raising the retirement age from 62 to 64, partly bypassing Parliament by again resorting to Article 49.3 to break the parliamentary deadlock.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/2023_French_pension_reform_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 French pension reform unrest">Nationwide protests</a> that had begun when the bill was introduced back in January increased in intensity after the reform was passed without a solemn vote.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Votes_of_no-confidence_in_the_Borne_government">Votes of no-confidence in the Borne government</h4></div> On 20 March 2023, Macron's cabinet, headed by Prime minister Borne, survived a cross-party <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no-confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion of no-confidence">motion of no-confidence</a> by only nine votes, the slimmest margin for such a vote since 1992.<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> On 12 June 2023, his government survived its 17th no-confidence motion since the beginning of the 16th legislature; the motion, brought by the left-wing NUPES coalition, fell 50 votes short of the 289 votes needed.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nahel_Merzouk_riots">Nahel Merzouk riots</h4></div> In early summer 2023, French authorities faced <a href="/wiki/Nahel_M._riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahel M. riots">riots</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nahel_M." class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Nahel M.">killing of Nahel M.</a>, aged 17, by a police officer during a traffic stop.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> To calm widespread unrest, comparable in intensity to the <a href="/wiki/2005_French_riots" title="2005 French riots">2005 French riots</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], Macron's administration ramped up government response, with a total of 45,000 police officers deployed on the ground and a ministerial order advising courts to apply harsher sentences and accelerated procedures:<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> this crackdown resulted in over 1,300 arrests on the fourth night of unrest alone, bringing the total number of arrests since the riots' beginning to over 2,000 as of 1 July.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_government_reshuffle">2023 government reshuffle</h4></div> On 20 July 2023, Macron carried out a <a href="/wiki/2023_French_government_reshuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 French government reshuffle">government reshuffle</a> at the end of the "hundred days of appeasement and action" he called for in April 2023 following the violent protests surrounding the passage of his pension system reform. <a href="/wiki/Pap_Ndiaye" title="Pap Ndiaye">Pap Ndiaye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marl%C3%A8ne_Schiappa" title="Marlène Schiappa">Marlène Schiappa</a> were sacked as part of the reshuffle.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defence_policy">Defence policy</h4></div> On 1 August 2023, Macron signed into law a multi-year military planning bill, which set the stage for a 40%-increase in military spending to a total of €413 billion between 2024 and 2030, after it was passed by the French parliament on 13 July 2023.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration_policy">Immigration policy</h4></div> In February 2023, Macron's government introduced an immigration and asylum bill aimed at removing deportation safeguards, fast-tracking asylum application process and immigration litigation, while also facilitating legalization of undocumented workers.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> His government later pulled the draft legislation amid fears of defeat in Parliament, instead planning to hold talks with the centre-right <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> party before reintroducing the bill in the autumn.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> In August 2023, in a lengthy interview with weekly magazine <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a>, Macron said that France "must significantly reduce immigration, starting with illegal immigration" because the "current situation is not sustainable".<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> On 11 December 2023, the "flagship" immigration bill introduced by Macron's government was unexpectedly defeated after the narrow passage of a <a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">motion for preliminary dismissal</a> in the National Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> Political commentators and news media described the vote as a "spectacular debacle", eventually sparking a major political crisis for Macron's minority administration.<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> In an effort to salvage the bill, Macron's government sent the draft legislation to a <a href="/wiki/Joint_committee_(legislative)" title="Joint committee (legislative)">joint parliamentary committee</a>: it resulted in a deal with the conservative-controlled <a href="/wiki/French_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senate">Senate</a> on a drastically hardened bill. On 19 December 2023, the French Parliament passed the piece of legislation thanks to support from the conservative <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> and far-right <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">RN</a> parliamentary groups and in spite of a major rebellion from Macron's own coalition and ministers.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lien_Rousseau" title="Aurélien Rousseau">Aurélien Rousseau</a>, whom Macron had appointed to the government only 6 months earlier, resigned shortly after the vote.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constitutional_reform">Constitutional reform</h4></div> On the 65th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the French Fifth Republic">French Constitution</a> on 4 October 2023, Macron unveiled avenues for constitutional reform: broadening the scope and relaxing rules for referendums; enshrining the right to abortion and climate protection in the Constitution; stepping up the level of <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation_in_France" title="Decentralisation in France">territorial devolution</a>; giving some form of political autonomy to <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> On 4 March 2024, a <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_French_Parliament" title="Congress of the French Parliament">joint session of the French Parliament</a> passed a constitutional amendment supported by Macron to protect abortion as a 'guaranteed freedom' in the Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> It represented the first constitutional reform since 2008 and the first since Macron took office in 2017. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attal_government">Attal government</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attal_government" title="Attal government">Attal government</a></div> In January 2024, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2023-2024_French_government_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023-2024 French government crisis">government crisis</a> produced by the passage of the 'controversial' immigration bill, Macron requested Prime minister Élisabeth Borne to resign and subsequently replaced her by Education minister <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Gabriel Attal</a>, making him both the youngest head of government in French history and the first openly gay man ever to hold the job.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> The new Attal cabinet was widely described as the most right-leaning government since the start of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">Macron Presidency</a>: out of the 14 Cabinet ministers appointed on 11 January 2024 by Macron and Attal, 57% are former members of the conservative <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">UMP/LR</a> party, while prominent left-leaning ministers of the outgoing Borne government were sacked, moves described as indicating a notable tilt to the right.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> In February 2024, amid slowing economic growth and disappointing unemployment figures, Macron's government unveiled €10 billion in emergency spending cuts to hold to its 2024 deficit goal.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> A month later, Macron convened a 'crisis meeting' to discuss the state of France's public finances amid reports showing that the government had heavily missed its 2023 fiscal targets, with a bigger-than-forecasted deficit, putting the country's credit rating at risk of downgrade.<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_snap_legislative_election">2024 snap legislative election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_French_legislative_election" title="2024 French legislative election">2024 French legislative election</a></div> On 9 June 2024, following the results of the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 European Parliament elections">2024 European Parliament elections</a> in which his centrist grouping received only 14.6% of the votes, finishing nearly 17 points behind Le Pen's RN party, Macron unexpectedly dissolved the National Assembly and called for an <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">early</a> legislative election to be held on 30 June and 7 July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> In the first round of the election, on 30 June, Macron's grouping received only 20.04% of the votes nationwide, placing third well behind the hard-right <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">RN</a> (33.15%) and the left-wing <a href="/wiki/New_Popular_Front" title="New Popular Front">NFP</a> alliance (27.99%), which constituted the worst electoral performance for a governing coalition in a general election since the start of the modern French Republic in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> Exit polls released shortly after 8pm on 30 June suggested the RN-led alliance was on course to win either a plurality of seats or an outright majority in the second round, while Macron's coalition was set to lose at least half of the seats it won in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> In the second round, on 7 July, Macron was handed another hung parliament with the left-wing coalition unexpectedly winning a plurality of seats though 90 to 100 seats short of an overall majority, leaving the left theoretically unable to form a government on its own. Macron's grouping lost both 86 seats and its status as the largest parliamentary bloc while the RN-led alliance, though dramatically underperforming the polls, still managed to make significant gains, eventually becoming the largest single party in the new National Assembly. The results presented unprecedented potential for political crisis and parliamentary gridlock.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg/230px-2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg/230px-2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg.png" data-width="230" data-height="118" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg/345px-2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg/460px-2024_French_Parliamentary_Election_Seats.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>17th National Assembly of France, elected in 2024.</figcaption></figure> Shortly after exit polls were released on the night of 7 July, Macron's Prime Minister, Gabriel Attal, announced he would tender his resignation to the President. The following day, Macron refused Attal's resignation, instead asking him to stay on until a new government could be formed.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> On 27 August, Macron refused to appoint NFP-designate <a href="/wiki/Lucie_Castets" title="Lucie Castets">Lucie Castets</a> as prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> After holding talks with leaders from parties represented in Parliament in an effort to find a working majority, Macron appointed conservative figure <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a> as Prime Minister on 5 September and invited him to form a "unity government". Barnier's appointment was seen as a growing sign of Le Pen's influence on French politics since she had previously blocked the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a>, another conservative figure seen as a serious contender for the premiership.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vote_of_no-confidence_in_the_Barnier_government">Vote of no-confidence in the Barnier government</h4></div> In early December 2024, Prime Minister Michel Barnier resorted to Article 49.3 of the Constitution to pass the 2025 Social Security budget without parliamentary approval. In response to Barnier's move, the National Assembly passed a vote of no confidence on 4 December, effectively bringing down the government Barnier resigned, but Macron vowed to stay in office until the end of his term.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> It was the first French cabinet to be toppled by Parliament since 1962.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> Macron addressed the country on 5 December. He accepted the resignation of Barnier and vowed to remain in office until the end of his term. He blamed alliance of 'extreme left and extreme right' for collapse of French government.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_affairs">External affairs</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg/220px-Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg/220px-Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg/330px-Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg/440px-Meloni_and_Macron_2022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron with Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a> in October 2022</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P060812-622679.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/P060812-622679.jpg/220px-P060812-622679.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/P060812-622679.jpg/220px-P060812-622679.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/P060812-622679.jpg/330px-P060812-622679.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/P060812-622679.jpg/440px-P060812-622679.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron, President of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> and Chinese President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2023_France%E2%80%93China_Summit" title="2023 France–China Summit">2023 France–China Summit</a></figcaption></figure> On 16 June 2022, Macron visited Ukraine alongside German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> and Italy's Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Mario Draghi</a>. He met with Ukraine's President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> and expressed "European Unity" for Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> He said that the nations that remained <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">neutral</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> made a historic mistake and were complicit in the <a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">new imperialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa,_Emmanuel_Macron_(52912156553).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg/220px-20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4770" data-file-height="2660"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 123px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg/220px-20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="123" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg/330px-20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg/440px-20.05.2023_-_Encontro_com_o_Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa%2C_Emmanuel_Macron_%2852912156553%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron with Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> in May 2023</figcaption></figure> In September 2022, Macron criticized the United States, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and other "friendly" <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">natural gas supplier states</a> for the extremely high prices of their supplies,<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> saying in October 2022 that Europeans are "paying four times more than the price you sell to your industry. That is not exactly the meaning of friendship."<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> Macron and his wife attended the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II">state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II</a> in Westminster Abbey, London, on 19 September 2022, and the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">coronation of King Charles III</a> the following year.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> On 23 October 2022, Macron became the first foreign leader to meet new Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a>, just a day after she and her <a href="/wiki/Meloni_government" title="Meloni government">ministers</a> were sworn into office.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> During a <a href="/wiki/2023_France-China_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 France-China Summit">summit to China</a> with European Commission President <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>, which included a formal meeting with <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President of China</a>, Macron called for Europe to reduce its dependence on the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in general and to stay neutral and avoid being drawn into any possible confrontation between the U.S. and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> over <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Speaking after a three-day state visit to China, Macron emphasised his theory of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_autonomy" title="Strategic autonomy">strategic autonomy</a>, suggesting that Europe could become a "<a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower#European_Union" title="Potential superpower">third superpower</a>". He argued that Europe should focus on boosting its own defence industries and additionally reduce its dependence on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> (USD).<a href="#cite_note-peuja-322">[321]</a> in a follow-up speech in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> to further outline his vision of strategic autonomy for Europe.<a href="#cite_note-f24out-323">[322]</a> On 7 June 2023, a report by the <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">pan-European</a> <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="European Council on Foreign Relations">European Council on Foreign Relations</a> (ECFR) found that most Europeans agree with Macron's views on China and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> In February 2023, he welcomed Ethiopian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> in Paris to normalize relations between France and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, strained by the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a> between the Ethiopian government and <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray</a> rebels.<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_(53041237495).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg/220px-Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7032" data-file-height="4690"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg/220px-Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg/330px-Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg/440px-Prime_minister_Rishi_Sunak_attends_the_NATO_Summit_in_Lithunia_%2853041237495%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron at the <a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">NATO Summit in Vilnius</a> on 12 July 2023</figcaption></figure> On 31 May 2023 Macron visited the GLOBSEC forum in Bratislava, where he again delivered a speech on European sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-f24slv-326">[325]</a> During the question and answer session that followed the Bratislava speech,<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> he said that negotiating with Putin may have to take priority over any war crimes tribunal which some others, including Zelensky, wish to see.<a href="#cite_note-pwput-328">[327]</a> On 12 June 2023, Macron promised to deliver more ammunition, weapons and armed vehicles to help Ukrainian forces with the ongoing <a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">counter-offensive</a> to liberate Russian-<a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">occupied</a> southeastern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">NATO Summit in Vilnius</a>, he promised to supply Ukraine with <a href="/wiki/Storm_Shadow" title="Storm Shadow">Scalp long-range cruise missiles</a> to hit Russian targets deep behind the front lines.<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a> On 10 November 2023, he said that what Russia is doing in Ukraine is "imperialism and colonialism" and it was the "duty" of France and other countries to help Ukraine defend itself, but added that maybe the time will come to hold fair <a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">peace negotiations</a> and find a solution with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi,_October_2023_(ABG_7050).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg/330px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg/440px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_7050%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron with Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> in Jerusalem, Israel, 24 October 2023</figcaption></figure> In June 2023 Macron hosted a global climate finance conference described by many as the new <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a>. The purpose is to adjust the global economy to the contemporary threats of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and hunger. One of the propositions is to offer low income countries aid instead of credit so they can use their resources for stopping climate change and poverty instead of debt payments. Macron supported the idea, but a climate activist from Uganda remarked that the promises were meaningless if at the same time Macron supported projects like the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Crude_Oil_Pipeline" title="East African Crude Oil Pipeline">East African Crude Oil Pipeline</a>, a major threat to the climate and to the drinking water of 40 million people.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> At the summit Macron proposed an <a href="/wiki/International_taxation" title="International taxation">international taxation system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debt_restructuring" title="Debt restructuring">debt restructuring</a> but stressed it can have an effect only with <a href="/wiki/International_cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="International cooperation">international cooperation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> In July 2023, Macron postponed his planned state visit to Germany due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Nahel_M._riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahel M. riots">Nahel M. riots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_(54350966064).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg/220px-President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg/220px-President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg/330px-President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg/440px-President_Donald_J._Trump_holds_a_bilateral_meeting_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%2854350966064%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron and US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> at the White House in Washington, D.C, 24 February 2025</figcaption></figure> In October 2023, Macron condemned <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>'s actions during the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> and expressed his support to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and its right to self-defense.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> On 10 November 2023, he called for a ceasefire and urged Israel to stop <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war">bombing Gaza and killing civilians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> In February 2024, during a meeting with other European states, Macron generated controversy by suggesting <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">sending ground troops to Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> On 28 May 2024, Macron gave Ukraine permission to use <a href="/wiki/SCALP_EG" class="mw-redirect" title="SCALP EG">SCALP EG</a> missiles against targets on Russian soil. Such usage was instructed to be limited "to neutralize military sites from which missiles are being fired, military sites from which Ukraine is being attacked".<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a> On 24 February 2025, during a meeting with US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, Macron said that a <a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">truce between Ukraine and Russia</a> could be agreed in the coming weeks.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uber_Files">Uber Files</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uber_Files" title="Uber Files">Uber Files</a></div> On 10 July 2022, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> revealed that Macron had assisted Uber in lobbying during his term as the Minister of Economics and Industry,<a href="#cite_note-GuardianUberFiles-341">[340]</a> leading to calls from opposition lawmakers for a parliamentary inquiry.<a href="#cite_note-UberFilesInquiryCalls-342">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-UberDefence-343">[342]</a> In his own defence, Macron expressed that he "did his job" and that he would "do it again tomorrow and the day after tomorrow".<a href="#cite_note-UberDefence-343">[342]</a> He stated, "I'm proud of it".<a href="#cite_note-UberDefence-343">[342]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Political positions of Emmanuel Macron">Political positions of Emmanuel Macron</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Co-prince_of_Andorra">Co-prince of Andorra</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> As president of France, Macron also serves ex officio as one of the two <a href="/wiki/Co-Prince_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Prince of Andorra">co-princes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>. His chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Strzoda" title="Patrick Strzoda">Patrick Strzoda</a> serves as his representative in this capacity. <a href="/wiki/Joan_Enric_Vives_i_Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Joan Enric Vives i Sicília">Joan Enric Vives i Sicília</a>, appointed as the current <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Urgell" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Urgell">Bishop of Urgell</a> on 12 May 2003, serves as Macron's co-prince. Macron swore the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Andorra" title="Constitution of Andorra">Constitution of Andorra</a> through Strzoda in an act that took place on 15 June 2017 in <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_la_Vall" title="Casa de la Vall">Casa de la Vall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Andorran government asked France for economic aid, but Macron refused, arguing that the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Bank of France</a> could not offer loans to another country without the approval of the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="332"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Emmanuel_et_Brigitte_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Emmanuel Macron and his wife <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Macron" title="Brigitte Macron">Brigitte</a> in 2017</figcaption></figure> Macron is married to <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Macron" title="Brigitte Macron">Brigitte Trogneux</a>,<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> his former La Providence high school teacher in Amiens close to 25 years his senior.<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-348">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> They met during a theatre workshop that she was giving when he was a 15-year-old student and she was a 39-year-old teacher.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-internaute-351">[350]</a> His parents initially attempted to separate the couple by sending him away to Paris to finish the final year of his schooling, as they felt his youth made this relationship inappropriate.<a href="#cite_note-Chrisafis-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-internaute-351">[350]</a> The couple reunited after Macron graduated, and were married in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-internaute-351">[350]</a> She has three children from a previous marriage;<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> he has no children of his own.<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> Her role in Macron's 2017 presidential campaign has been considered pivotal, with close Macron allies stating that Brigitte Macron helped him to develop skills like public speaking.<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> His <a href="/wiki/Best_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Best man">best man</a> was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hermand" title="Henry Hermand">Henry Hermand</a> (1924–2016), a businessman who loaned €550,000 to Macron for the purchase of his first apartment in Paris when he was Inspector of Finances. Hermand also let Macron use some of his offices on the <a href="/wiki/Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" class="mw-redirect" title="Champs Élysées">Avenue des Champs Élysées</a> in Paris for his movement En Marche.<a href="#cite_note-lemondeobit-355">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-libeobit-356">[355]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 French presidential election</a>, Macron voted for <a href="/wiki/Souverainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Souverainism">souverainist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Chev%C3%A8nement" title="Jean-Pierre Chevènement">Jean-Pierre Chevènement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> In 2007, Macron voted for <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a> in the second round of the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2011">Socialist Party primary in 2011</a>, Macron voiced his support for <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> Macron plays the piano,<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> and studied piano for ten years in his youth.<a href="#cite_note-Neva_Editions_2015,_p.193-16">[15]</a> He especially enjoys the work of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a> Macron also skis,<a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a> plays tennis<a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> and enjoys boxing.<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> In addition to his native French, Macron speaks fluent English.<a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> In August 2017, a photojournalist was arrested and detained by the police for six hours after he entered the private residence where Macron was vacationing in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesporteplainte-368">[367]</a> Macron subsequently filed a complaint for "harassment".<a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesporteplainte-368">[367]</a> In September 2017, he dropped the complaint "as a gesture of appeasement".<a href="#cite_note-lexpansionmacronretiresaplainte-369">[368]</a> On 27 August 2017, Macron and his wife Brigitte adopted <a href="/wiki/Nemo_(dog)" title="Nemo (dog)">Nemo</a>, a black Labrador Retriever-Griffon dog who lives with them in the Élysée Palace.<a href="#cite_note-lefigunnouveauchienalelysee-370">[369]</a> As a schoolboy, Macron decided to be baptised as a Catholic. In June 2018, prior to meeting <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>, he identified himself as an <a href="/wiki/Lapsed_Catholic" title="Lapsed Catholic">agnostic Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-spotlight-372">[371]</a> In the same year he agreed to become an honorary canon of <a href="/wiki/St_John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="St John Lateran">St John Lateran</a>, the cathedral of Rome.<a href="#cite_note-spotlight-372">[371]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_World_Cup_Final_(2018-07-15)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg/320px-2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5333" data-file-height="3556"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 320px;height: 213px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg/320px-2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="320" data-height="213" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg/480px-2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg/640px-2018_World_Cup_Final_%282018-07-15%29_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macron celebrating France's victory over <a href="/wiki/Croatia_national_football_team" title="Croatia national football team">Croatia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 FIFA World Cup Final">2018 World Cup final</a> in Moscow, Russia</figcaption></figure> A fan of <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, Macron is a supporter of French club <a href="/wiki/Olympique_de_Marseille" title="Olympique de Marseille">Olympique de Marseille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 World Cup</a>, he attended the semi-final between <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium_national_football_team" title="Belgium national football team">Belgium</a> with the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">King Philippe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mathilde" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Mathilde">Queen Mathilde</a>,<a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 FIFA World Cup Final">World Cup final</a> against <a href="/wiki/Croatia_national_football_team" title="Croatia national football team">Croatia</a>, he sat and celebrated alongside Croatian president <a href="/wiki/Kolinda_Grabar-Kitarovi%C4%87" title="Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović">Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović</a>. Macron received widespread media attention for his celebrations and his interactions with the Croatian president.<a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Honours_and_decorations">Honours and decorations</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_honours">National honours</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Ribbon bar</th> <th>Honour</th> <th>Date and comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/80px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/80px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/160px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the National <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">Order</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> </td> <td>14 May 2017 – automatic upon taking presidential office </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/80px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/80px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/160px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">National Order of Merit</a> </td> <td>14 May 2017 – automatic upon taking presidential office </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Ribbon bar</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Honour</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Civil)_Ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.png/80px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.png/80px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.png" data-width="80" data-height="24" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>Honorary Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a></td> <td>5 June 2014<a href="#cite_note-376">[375]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png/80px-MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png/80px-MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png/120px-MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png/160px-MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>Sash of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a> </td> <td>22 September 2016<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg/80px-GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg/80px-GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg/120px-GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg/160px-GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Redeemer" title="Order of the Redeemer">Order of the Redeemer</a></td> <td>7 September 2017<a href="#cite_note-378">[377]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif/80px-Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif/80px-Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif/120px-Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif/160px-Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Grand_Cordon.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Lebanon)" title="Order of Merit (Lebanon)">Order of Merit</a> </td> <td>22 September 2017<a href="#cite_note-Medal_visible_at_the_museum_of_the_Legion_of_Honor-379">[378]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/80px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/80px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/120px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/160px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)" title="Order of the Republic (Tunisia)">Order of the Republic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>31 January 2018<a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/80px-SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/80px-SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/120px-SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/160px-SEN_Order_of_the_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_the_Lion" title="National Order of the Lion">National Order of the Lion</a></td> <td>2 February 2018<a href="#cite_note-Medal_visible_at_the_museum_of_the_Legion_of_Honor-379">[378]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg/80px-Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg/80px-Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg/160px-Ordre_du_Lion_d%27Or_de_la_Maison_de_Nassau_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Gold_Lion_of_the_House_of_Nassau" title="Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau">Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau</a> </td> <td>19 March 2018<a href="#cite_note-Medal_visible_at_the_museum_of_the_Legion_of_Honor-379">[378]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Elephant" title="Order of the Elephant">Order of the Elephant</a></td> <td>28 August 2018<a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/80px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/80px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/120px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/160px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose_of_Finland" title="Order of the White Rose of Finland">Order of the White Rose</a> with Collar</td> <td>29 August 2018<a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_(South_Korea)_-_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg/120px-Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg/160px-Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa_%28South_Korea%29_-_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Order_of_Mugunghwa" title="Grand Order of Mugunghwa">Grand Order of Mugunghwa</a></td> <td>8 October 2018<a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg/80px-BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg/80px-BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg/120px-BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg/160px-BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a></td> <td>19 November 2018<a href="#cite_note-Medal_visible_at_the_museum_of_the_Legion_of_Honor-379">[378]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg/80px-Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg/80px-Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg/160px-Cote_d%27Ivoire_Ordre_national_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></td> <td>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_the_Ivory_Coast" title="National Order of the Ivory Coast">National Order of the Ivory Coast</a></td> <td>20 December 2019<a href="#cite_note-Medal_visible_at_the_museum_of_the_Legion_of_Honor-379">[378]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg/80px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg/80px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg/120px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg/160px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nile" title="Order of the Nile">Order of the Nile</a> </td> <td>7 December 2020<a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png/80px-US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="123"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png/80px-US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png/120px-US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png/160px-US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>Chief Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> </td> <td>8 December 2020<a href="#cite_note-Medal_visible_at_the_museum_of_the_Legion_of_Honor-379">[378]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg/80px-ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg/80px-ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg/120px-ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg/160px-ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a></td> <td>1 July 2021<a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg/80px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg/80px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg/120px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg/160px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_Zayed.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Zayed" title="Order of Zayed">Order of Zayed</a> </td> <td>18 July 2022<a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Order of the Netherlands Lion">Order of the Netherlands Lion</a> </td> <td>11 April 2023<a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[387]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a></td> <td>20 September 2023<a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of the Seraphim">Royal Order of the Seraphim</a></td> <td>30 January 2024<a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png/80px-MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="283"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 23px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png/80px-MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png" data-width="80" data-height="23" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png/120px-MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png/160px-MD_Orden_of_Republicl_Rib.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Moldova)" title="Order of the Republic (Moldova)">Order of the Republic</a></td> <td>7 March 2024<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/80px-BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/80px-BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/120px-BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/160px-BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Order of the Southern Cross">Order of the Southern Cross</a>. Grand officer as Deputy Secretary-General to the President on 9 December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a></td> <td>28 March 2024<a href="#cite_note-393">[392]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png/80px-AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png/80px-AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png" data-width="80" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png/120px-AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png/160px-AND_Cross_of_the_Seven_Arms_BAR.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></td> <td><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creu_dels_Set_Bra%C3%A7os_(condecoraci%C3%B3)" class="extiw" title="ca:Creu dels Set Braços (condecoració)">Cross of the Seven Arms</a>. He receives the highest Andorran decoration as its Coprince.<a href="#cite_note-auto-394">[393]</a></td> <td>10 July 2024<a href="#cite_note-auto-394">[393]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg/80px-Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="150"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg/80px-Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg.png" data-width="80" data-height="24" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg/120px-Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg/160px-Olympic_Order_gold_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/23px-Olympic_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/23px-Olympic_flag.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/35px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/45px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> </td> <td>Recipient of the Gold <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a> </td> <td>29 August 2024<a href="#cite_note-395">[394]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png/80px-Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png/80px-Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png" data-width="80" data-height="24" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Muhammad" title="Order of Muhammad">Order of Muhammad</a> </td> <td>29 October 2024<a href="#cite_note-396">[395]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Prizes">Prizes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Trombinoscope" title="Le Trombinoscope">Le Trombinoscope</a> (2014, 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_Prize" title="Charlemagne Prize">Charlemagne Prize</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_of_the_Earth" title="Champions of the Earth">Champion of the Earth</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westf%C3%A4lischer_Friedenspreis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westfälischer Friedenspreis (page does not exist)">Westfälischer Friedenspreis</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Preis_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens" class="extiw" title="de:Internationaler Preis des Westfälischen Friedens">de</a>] (2024)<a href="#cite_note-tagesschau.de_2023-397">[396]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMacronGoldbergScott2017" class="citation book cs1">Macron, Emmanuel; Goldberg, Jonathan; Scott, Juliette (2017). Revolution. Brunswick, Victoria, Australia: Scribe Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925322-71-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925322-71-2"><bdi>978-1-925322-71-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/992124322">992124322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution&rft.place=Brunswick%2C+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Scribe+Publications&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F992124322&rft.isbn=978-1-925322-71-2&rft.aulast=Macron&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Scott%2C+Juliette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacronFottorino2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">——; Fottorino, Éric (2017). Macron par Macron (in French). La Tour d'Aigues, France: Editions de l'Aube. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8159-2484-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8159-2484-9"><bdi>978-2-8159-2484-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1003593124">1003593124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macron+par+Macron&rft.place=La+Tour+d%27Aigues%2C+France&rft.pub=Editions+de+l%27Aube&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1003593124&rft.isbn=978-2-8159-2484-9&rft.aulast=Macron&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.au=Fottorino%2C+%C3%89ric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">Ex officio</a> Co-Prince </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejdd.fr/politique/dans-un-livre-anne-fulda-raconte-macron-cote-intime-3297407">"Dans un livre, Anne Fulda raconte Macron côté intime"</a> (in French). JDD à la Une. 21 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519063912/http://www.lejdd.fr/politique/dans-un-livre-anne-fulda-raconte-macron-cote-intime-3297407">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dans+un+livre%2C+Anne+Fulda+raconte+Macron+c%C3%B4t%C3%A9+intime&rft.pub=JDD+%C3%A0+la+Une&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fdans-un-livre-anne-fulda-raconte-macron-cote-intime-3297407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadeau2017" class="citation news cs1">Badeau, Kevin (7 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/idees-debats/editos-analyses/0211955006642-le-livre-qui-raconte-lintimite-demmanuel-macron-2078386.php">"Le livre qui raconte l'intimité d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Les Echos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180319163943/https://www.lesechos.fr/idees-debats/editos-analyses/0211955006642-le-livre-qui-raconte-lintimite-demmanuel-macron-2078386.php">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+Echos&rft.atitle=Le+livre+qui+raconte+l%27intimit%C3%A9+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft.aulast=Badeau&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2Fidees-debats%2Feditos-analyses%2F0211955006642-le-livre-qui-raconte-lintimite-demmanuel-macron-2078386.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gala.fr/l_actu/news_de_stars/qui_sont_le_frere_et_la_soeur_d_emmanuel_macron_392445">"Qui sont le frère et la sœur d'Emmanuel Macron? – Gala"</a>. Gala.fr (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516114752/http://www.gala.fr/l_actu/news_de_stars/qui_sont_le_frere_et_la_soeur_d_emmanuel_macron_392445">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gala.fr&rft.atitle=Qui+sont+le+fr%C3%A8re+et+la+s%C5%93ur+d%27Emmanuel+Macron%3F+%E2%80%93+Gala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gala.fr%2Fl_actu%2Fnews_de_stars%2Fqui_sont_le_frere_et_la_soeur_d_emmanuel_macron_392445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucher2017" class="citation news cs1">Boucher, Laurent (26 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702015626/http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/153444/article/2017-04-26/sur-les-traces-de-l-arriere-grand-pere-d-emmanuel-macron-entre-amiens-et-arras">"Sur les traces de l'arrière-grand-père d'Emmanuel Macron entre Amiens et Arras"</a>. La Voix. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/153444/article/2017-04-26/sur-les-traces-de-l-arriere-grand-pere-d-emmanuel-macron-entre-amiens-et-arras">the original</a> on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Voix&rft.atitle=Sur+les+traces+de+l%27arri%C3%A8re-grand-p%C3%A8re+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+entre+Amiens+et+Arras&rft.date=2017-04-26&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavoixdunord.fr%2F153444%2Farticle%2F2017-04-26%2Fsur-les-traces-de-l-arriere-grand-pere-d-emmanuel-macron-entre-amiens-et-arras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/le-big-mac-emmanuel-macron-s-rise-and-rise-1.3465852">"Le Big Mac: Emmanuel Macron's rise and rise"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027104630/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/le-big-mac-emmanuel-macron-s-rise-and-rise-1.3465852">Archived</a> 27 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlandrin2017" class="citation news cs1">Flandrin, Antoine (16 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2017/09/16/l-histoire-de-france-selon-macron_5186688_3232.html">"L'histoire de France selon Macron"</a>. Le Monde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805190452/https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2017/09/16/l-histoire-de-france-selon-macron_5186688_3232.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=L%27histoire+de+France+selon+Macron&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft.aulast=Flandrin&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fidees%2Farticle%2F2017%2F09%2F16%2Fl-histoire-de-france-selon-macron_5186688_3232.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2017/03/23/2541749-communiques-sacrees-memes-de-bagneres-de-bigorre.html">"Sacrées mémés de Bagnères-de-Bigorre !"</a>. ladepeche.fr (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806060741/http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2017/03/23/2541749-communiques-sacrees-memes-de-bagneres-de-bigorre.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ladepeche.fr&rft.atitle=Sacr%C3%A9es+m%C3%A9m%C3%A9s+de+Bagn%C3%A8res-de-Bigorre+%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ladepeche.fr%2Farticle%2F2017%2F03%2F23%2F2541749-communiques-sacrees-memes-de-bagneres-de-bigorre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudouest.fr/2017/04/12/emmanuel-macron-en-bearn-et-bigorre-un-peu-chez-lui-a-bagneres-et-la-mongie-3360351-710.php">"Emmanuel Macron en meeting à Pau devant 5 500 personnes"</a>. SudOuest.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061140/http://www.sudouest.fr/2017/04/12/emmanuel-macron-en-bearn-et-bigorre-un-peu-chez-lui-a-bagneres-et-la-mongie-3360351-710.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SudOuest.fr&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+en+meeting+%C3%A0+Pau+devant+5+500+personnes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudouest.fr%2F2017%2F04%2F12%2Femmanuel-macron-en-bearn-et-bigorre-un-peu-chez-lui-a-bagneres-et-la-mongie-3360351-710.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2017/05/07/emmanuel-macron-l-elysee-pied-au-plancher_1567939">"Emmanuel Macron, l'Elysée pied au plancher"</a>. Libération (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170714234343/http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2017/05/07/emmanuel-macron-l-elysee-pied-au-plancher_1567939">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+l%27Elys%C3%A9e+pied+au+plancher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fpolitiques%2F2017%2F05%2F07%2Femmanuel-macron-l-elysee-pied-au-plancher_1567939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/24/04/2017/lesechos.fr/0212009111314_d-ou-vient-emmanuel-macron--.htm">"D'où vient Emmanuel Macron ?"</a>. Les Échos. France. 24 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806063922/https://www.lesechos.fr/24/04/2017/lesechos.fr/0212009111314_d-ou-vient-emmanuel-macron--.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+%C3%89chos&rft.atitle=D%27o%C3%B9+vient+Emmanuel+Macron+%3F&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2017%2Flesechos.fr%2F0212009111314_d-ou-vient-emmanuel-macron--.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lacroixgorcelajeunessetres-12"><a href="#cite_ref-lacroixgorcelajeunessetres_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorce2017" class="citation news cs1">Gorce, Bernard (10 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Laicite/La-jeunesse-tres-catholique-candidats-presidentielle-2017-04-10-1200838526">"La jeunesse très catholique des candidats à la présidentielle"</a>. La Croix. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170512034816/http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Laicite/La-jeunesse-tres-catholique-candidats-presidentielle-2017-04-10-1200838526">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=La+jeunesse+tr%C3%A8s+catholique+des+candidats+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft.aulast=Gorce&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FReligion%2FLaicite%2FLa-jeunesse-tres-catholique-candidats-presidentielle-2017-04-10-1200838526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-galabio-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-galabio_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-galabio_13-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/emmanuel_macron">"Emmanuel Macron"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170509094137/http://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/emmanuel_macron">Archived</a> 9 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gala France. Retrieved 3 March 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-france24-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-france24_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-france24_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315135339/http://www.france24.com/fr/20140827-emmanuel-macron-ex-banquier-touche-a-tout-a-bercy-economie-gouvernement-valls-portrait/">"Emmanuel Macron, un ex-banquier touche-à-tout à Bercy"</a> (in French). France 24. 27 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/fr/20140827-emmanuel-macron-ex-banquier-touche-a-tout-a-bercy-economie-gouvernement-valls-portrait/">the original</a> on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+un+ex-banquier+touche-%C3%A0-tout+%C3%A0+Bercy&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20140827-emmanuel-macron-ex-banquier-touche-a-tout-a-bercy-economie-gouvernement-valls-portrait%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chrisafis-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chrisafis_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chrisafis_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2016" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (11 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/11/emmanuel-macron-will-frances-young-economy-minister-launch-presidential-bid">"Will France's young economy minister – with a volunteer army – launch presidential bid?"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726195939/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/11/emmanuel-macron-will-frances-young-economy-minister-launch-presidential-bid">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Will+France%27s+young+economy+minister+%E2%80%93+with+a+volunteer+army+%E2%80%93+launch+presidential+bid%3F&rft.date=2016-07-11&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjul%2F11%2Femmanuel-macron-will-frances-young-economy-minister-launch-presidential-bid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neva_Editions_2015,_p.193-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neva_Editions_2015,_p.193_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neva_Editions_2015,_p.193_16-1">b</a> 88 notes pour piano solo, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Thiollet" title="Jean-Pierre Thiollet">Jean-Pierre Thiollet</a>, Neva Editions, 2015, p.193. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-3505-5192-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-3505-5192-0">978-2-3505-5192-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21721637-french-presidential-favourite-was-shaped-amiens-place-he-outgrew-what-emmanuel-macrons">"What Emmanuel Macron's home town says about him"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 4 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504200149/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21721637-french-presidential-favourite-was-shaped-amiens-place-he-outgrew-what-emmanuel-macrons">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=What+Emmanuel+Macron%27s+home+town+says+about+him&rft.date=2017-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F21721637-french-presidential-favourite-was-shaped-amiens-place-he-outgrew-what-emmanuel-macrons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vincent_de_Féligonde-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_de_F%C3%A9ligonde_18-0">^</a> Vincent de Féligonde, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Emmanuel-Macron-ancien-conseiller-du-Prince-aux-manettes-de-Bercy-2014-08-26-1197132">Emmanuel Macron, ancien conseiller du prince aux manettes de Bercy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803125857/http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Emmanuel-Macron-ancien-conseiller-du-Prince-aux-manettes-de-Bercy-2014-08-26-1197132">Archived</a> 3 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, La Croix, 26 August 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Christine Monin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/grand-angle/retro-emmanuel-macron-mon-copain-d-avant-10-05-2017-6934914.php">RETRO : Emmanuel Macron, mon copain d'avant</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712020357/http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/grand-angle/retro-emmanuel-macron-mon-copain-d-avant-10-05-2017-6934914.php">Archived</a> 12 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Parisien (in French), 10 May 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Jordan Grevet, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.closermag.fr/article/emmanuel-macron-un-ministre-pas-si-brillant-413776">"Emmanuel Macron, un ministre pas si brillant..."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080446/http://www.closermag.fr/article/emmanuel-macron-un-ministre-pas-si-brillant-413776">Archived</a> 27 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Closer (in French), 13 October 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-lefigdejaeger-21"><a href="#cite_ref-lefigdejaeger_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Jaeger2017" class="citation news cs1">De Jaeger, Jean-Marc (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/l-universite-de-nanterre-felicite-emmanuel-macron-son-ancien-etudiant-en-philosophie_9bda5ad4-3942-11e7-b5b5-21a5cdc791d1/">"L'université de Nanterre félicite Emmanuel Macron, son ancien étudiant en philosophie"</a>. Le Figaro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519083208/http://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/l-universite-de-nanterre-felicite-emmanuel-macron-son-ancien-etudiant-en-philosophie_9bda5ad4-3942-11e7-b5b5-21a5cdc791d1/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=L%27universit%C3%A9+de+Nanterre+f%C3%A9licite+Emmanuel+Macron%2C+son+ancien+%C3%A9tudiant+en+philosophie&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.aulast=De+Jaeger&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetudiant.lefigaro.fr%2Farticle%2Fl-universite-de-nanterre-felicite-emmanuel-macron-son-ancien-etudiant-en-philosophie_9bda5ad4-3942-11e7-b5b5-21a5cdc791d1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guélaud-2012-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gu%C3%A9laud-2012_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gu%C3%A9laud-2012_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuélaud2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guélaud, Claire (16 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2012/05/16/emmanuel-macron-un-banquier-d-affaires-nomme-secretaire-general-adjoint-de-l-elysee_1702135_823448.html">"Emmanuel Macron, un banquier d'affaires nommé secrétaire général adjoint de l'Elysée"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803085721/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2012/05/16/emmanuel-macron-un-banquier-d-affaires-nomme-secretaire-general-adjoint-de-l-elysee_1702135_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2017. 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Retrieved 29 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Junger+Wirtschaftsminister+darf+Frankreich+verf%C3%BChren&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft.aulast=W%C3%BCpper&rft.aufirst=Gesche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Farticle131660614%2FJunger-Wirtschaftsminister-darf-Frankreich-verfuehren.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philomag.com/lactu/breves/emmanuel-macron-de-la-philosophie-au-ministere-de-leconomie-10140">"Emmanuel Macron, de la philosophie au ministère de l'Économie • Brèves, Emmanuel Macron, Paul Ricoeur, Politique, Socialisme, Libéralisme, François Hollande • Philosophie magazine"</a>. philomag.com (in French). 27 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061629/http://www.philomag.com/lactu/breves/emmanuel-macron-de-la-philosophie-au-ministere-de-leconomie-10140">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. 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Retrieved 22 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Head+of+French+military+quits+after+row+with+Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2017-07-19&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjul%2F19%2Fhead-of-french-military-quits-after-row-with-emmanuel-macron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/225217/politique/emmanuel-macron-le-coup-droit-de-hollande/">"Emmanuel Macron, le coup droit de Hollande – JeuneAfrique.com"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Challenges&rft.atitle=Ipesup%2C+la+pr%C3%A9pa+ch%C3%A9rie+des+CSP%2B%2C+est+%C3%A0+vendre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Fchallenges-soir%2Fipesup-la-prepa-cherie-des-csp-est-a-vendre_13182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/entreprise/ipesup-change-de-main-pour-grandir_472264">"Ipesup change de main pour grandir"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+s%27explique+sur+ses+anciens+revenus+de+banquier&rft.date=2017-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpresidentielle%2Femmanuel-macron-s-explique-sur-ses-anciens-revenus-de-banquier-19-02-2017-2105953_3121.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000021906441">"Décret n° 2010-223 du 4 mars 2010 relatif à la commission pour la libération de la croissance française"</a>. 4 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807153140/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000021906441">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9cret+n%C2%B0+2010-223+du+4+mars+2010+relatif+%C3%A0+la+commission+pour+la+lib%C3%A9ration+de+la+croissance+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.date=2010-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000021906441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/rue89/20160830.RUE5451/au-fait-il-faisait-quoi-chez-rothschild-emmanuel-macron.html">"Au fait, il faisait quoi chez Rothschild, Emmanuel Macron ?"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Obs&rft.atitle=Au+fait%2C+il+faisait+quoi+chez+Rothschild%2C+Emmanuel+Macron+%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftempsreel.nouvelobs.com%2Frue89%2F20160830.RUE5451%2Fau-fait-il-faisait-quoi-chez-rothschild-emmanuel-macron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaperon2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chaperon, Isabelle (10 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/05/10/les-annees-rothschild-d-emmanuel-macron_5125204_4854003.html">"Les années Rothschild d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807152316/http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/05/10/les-annees-rothschild-d-emmanuel-macron_5125204_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Les+ann%C3%A9es+Rothschild+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft.aulast=Chaperon&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Farticle%2F2017%2F05%2F10%2Fles-annees-rothschild-d-emmanuel-macron_5125204_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTricornotWeisz2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tricornot, Adrien de; Weisz, Johan (10 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.streetpress.com/sujet/1486723160-macron-le-monde">"Comment Macron m'a séduit puis trahi"</a> [How Macron seduced then betrayed me]. StreetPress (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170602235547/https://www.streetpress.com/sujet/1486723160-macron-le-monde">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StreetPress&rft.atitle=Comment+Macron+m%27a+s%C3%A9duit+puis+trahi&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft.aulast=Tricornot&rft.aufirst=Adrien+de&rft.au=Weisz%2C+Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetpress.com%2Fsujet%2F1486723160-macron-le-monde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/16/12/2010/lesechos.fr/0201010007512_rothschild---cie-coopte-trois-nouveaux-associes.htm">"Rothschild & Cie coopte trois nouveaux associés"</a>. Les Échos. France. 16 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008144859/https://www.lesechos.fr/16/12/2010/lesechos.fr/0201010007512_rothschild---cie-coopte-trois-nouveaux-associes.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+%C3%89chos&rft.atitle=Rothschild+%26+Cie+coopte+trois+nouveaux+associ%C3%A9s&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F16%2F12%2F2010%2Flesechos.fr%2F0201010007512_rothschild---cie-coopte-trois-nouveaux-associes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/economie/emmanuel-macron-le-jeune-loup-de-l-elysee-qui-rassure-les-patrons_8564">"Macron, ce chouchou des patrons qui succède à Montebourg"</a>. Challenges (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170319220932/https://www.challenges.fr/economie/emmanuel-macron-le-jeune-loup-de-l-elysee-qui-rassure-les-patrons_8564">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Challenges&rft.atitle=Macron%2C+ce+chouchou+des+patrons+qui+succ%C3%A8de+%C3%A0+Montebourg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Feconomie%2Femmanuel-macron-le-jeune-loup-de-l-elysee-qui-rassure-les-patrons_8564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrigaudeau2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brigaudeau, Anne (5 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/presidentielle/quand-emmanuel-macron-etait-banquier-d-affaires-un-element-prometteur-mais-sans-plus_2171646.html">"Quand Emmanuel Macron était banquier d'affaires : "Un élément prometteur, mais sans plus""</a>. France Info (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230912222929/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/presidentielle/quand-emmanuel-macron-etait-banquier-d-affaires-un-element-prometteur-mais-sans-plus_2171646.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Info&rft.atitle=Quand+Emmanuel+Macron+%C3%A9tait+banquier+d%27affaires+%3A+%22Un+%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment+prometteur%2C+mais+sans+plus%22&rft.date=2017-05-05&rft.aulast=Brigaudeau&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Felections%2Fpresidentielle%2Fquand-emmanuel-macron-etait-banquier-d-affaires-un-element-prometteur-mais-sans-plus_2171646.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192101/https://www.lesechos.fr/27/01/2017/LesEchosWeekEnd/00061-008-ECWE_macron--la-premiere-marche.htm">"Macron, la première marche"</a>. Les Échos. France. 27 January 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/27/01/2017/LesEchosWeekEnd/00061-008-ECWE_macron--la-premiere-marche.htm">the original</a> on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+%C3%89chos&rft.atitle=Macron%2C+la+premi%C3%A8re+marche&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F27%2F01%2F2017%2FLesEchosWeekEnd%2F00061-008-ECWE_macron--la-premiere-marche.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-L'Express-2014-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L'Express-2014_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-L'Express-2014_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/la-bombe-macron_1572205.html">"La bombe Macron"</a>. L'Express (in French). 2 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802124425/http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/la-bombe-macron_1572205.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=La+bombe+Macron&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Fla-bombe-macron_1572205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/macron-dit-ce-quil-a-fait-de-ses-trois-millions-deuros-de-revenus-dans-le-prive-3297167">"Macron dit ce qu'il a fait de ses trois millions d'euros de revenus"</a>. Lejdd.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107022124/https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/macron-dit-ce-quil-a-fait-de-ses-trois-millions-deuros-de-revenus-dans-le-prive-3297167">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lejdd.fr&rft.atitle=Macron+dit+ce+qu%27il+a+fait+de+ses+trois+millions+d%27euros+de+revenus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FPolitique%2Fmacron-dit-ce-quil-a-fait-de-ses-trois-millions-deuros-de-revenus-dans-le-prive-3297167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/9bd62502-12cf-11e7-b0c1-37e417ee6c76">"Emmanuel Macron's Rothschild years make him an easy election target"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191117142355/https://www.ft.com/content/9bd62502-12cf-11e7-b0c1-37e417ee6c76">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%27s+Rothschild+years+make+him+an+easy+election+target&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F9bd62502-12cf-11e7-b0c1-37e417ee6c76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyler_Durden2017" class="citation web cs1">Tyler Durden (25 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cece-owen.net/meet-the-real-emmanuel-macron-consummate-banker-puppet-bizarre-elitist-creation">"Meet The Real Emmanuel Macron: Consummate Banker Puppet, Bizarre Elitist Creation"</a>. CECE – POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601201129/http://cece-owen.net/meet-the-real-emmanuel-macron-consummate-banker-puppet-bizarre-elitist-creation">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CECE+%E2%80%93+POLITICAL+INSTITUTIONS&rft.atitle=Meet+The+Real+Emmanuel+Macron%3A+Consummate+Banker+Puppet%2C+Bizarre+Elitist+Creation&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft.au=Tyler+Durden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcece-owen.net%2Fmeet-the-real-emmanuel-macron-consummate-banker-puppet-bizarre-elitist-creation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marianne-2015-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marianne-2015_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marianne-2015_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marianne.net/politique/macron-ce-jeune-chevenementiste">"Macron, ce jeune chevènementiste"</a>. Marianne (in French). 12 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170518212256/https://www.marianne.net/politique/macron-ce-jeune-chevenementiste">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marianne&rft.atitle=Macron%2C+ce+jeune+chev%C3%A8nementiste&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne.net%2Fpolitique%2Fmacron-ce-jeune-chevenementiste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrissette2016" class="citation book cs1">Prissette, Nicholas (2016). Emmanuel Macron en marche vers l'Élysée. 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Libération (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719223943/http://www.liberation.fr/france/2012/09/17/avec-macron-l-elysee-decroche-le-poupon_847010">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Avec+Macron%2C+l%27Elys%C3%A9e+d%C3%A9croche+le+poupon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2012%2F09%2F17%2Favec-macron-l-elysee-decroche-le-poupon_847010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scan-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scan_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scan_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/coulisses/2015/02/18/25006-20150218ARTFIG00160-emmanuel-macron-n-est-plus-encarte-au-parti-socialiste.php">"Emmanuel Macron n'est plus encarté au Parti socialiste"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). 18 February 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228084221/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/coulisses/2015/02/18/25006-20150218ARTFIG00160-emmanuel-macron-n-est-plus-encarte-au-parti-socialiste.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+n%27est+plus+encart%C3%A9+au+Parti+socialiste&rft.date=2015-02-18&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fle-scan%2Fcoulisses%2F2015%2F02%2F18%2F25006-20150218ARTFIG00160-emmanuel-macron-n-est-plus-encarte-au-parti-socialiste.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visionsmag.com/emmanuel-macron-lhomme-du-president/">"Emmanuel Macron: l'homme du Président"</a>. Visions Mag (in French). 24 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802204138/http://visionsmag.com/emmanuel-macron-lhomme-du-president/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visions+Mag&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%3A+l%27homme+du+Pr%C3%A9sident&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisionsmag.com%2Femmanuel-macron-lhomme-du-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourmaud2016" class="citation book cs1">Bourmaud, François-Xavier (2016). Emmanuel Macron: le banquier qui voulait être roi. l'Archipel. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8098-1873-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8098-1873-4"><bdi>978-2-8098-1873-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emmanuel+Macron%3A+le+banquier+qui+voulait+%C3%AAtre+roi&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=l%27Archipel&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-2-8098-1873-4&rft.aulast=Bourmaud&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=525254F7DE760AA60A0966BE0BE4526F.tpdjo13v_2?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000025885873&dateTexte=&oldAction=rechJO&categorieLien=id">"Arrêté du 15 mai 2012 portant nomination à la présidence de la République"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802163553/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=525254F7DE760AA60A0966BE0BE4526F.tpdjo13v_2?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000025885873&dateTexte=&oldAction=rechJO&categorieLien=id">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+du+15+mai+2012+portant+nomination+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidence+de+la+R%C3%A9publique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3Bjsessionid%3D525254F7DE760AA60A0966BE0BE4526F.tpdjo13v_2%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000025885873%26dateTexte%3D%26oldAction%3DrechJO%26categorieLien%3Did&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrissette2016" class="citation book cs1">Prissette, Nicolas (2016). Emmanuel Macron en marche vers l'Élysée. Plon. p. 144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emmanuel+Macron+en+marche+vers+l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Prissette&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/economie/pourquoi-gouvernement-a-cede-salaire-patrons-dessous-d-deal-447">"Pourquoi le gouvernement a cédé sur le salaire des patrons: les dessous d'un deal"</a>. L'Opinion (in French). 26 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802124625/http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/economie/pourquoi-gouvernement-a-cede-salaire-patrons-dessous-d-deal-447">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Opinion&rft.atitle=Pourquoi+le+gouvernement+a+c%C3%A9d%C3%A9+sur+le+salaire+des+patrons%3A+les+dessous+d%27un+deal&rft.date=2013-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lopinion.fr%2Fedition%2Feconomie%2Fpourquoi-gouvernement-a-cede-salaire-patrons-dessous-d-deal-447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berretta-2014-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berretta-2014_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berretta-2014_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerretta2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berretta, Emmanuel (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/emmanuel-berretta/hollande-remanie-l-elysee-et-recrute-laurence-boone-10-06-2014-1834370_1897.php">"Hollande remanie l'Élysée et recrute Laurence Boone"</a>. Le Point (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140614001530/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/emmanuel-berretta/hollande-remanie-l-elysee-et-recrute-laurence-boone-10-06-2014-1834370_1897.php">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Hollande+remanie+l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e+et+recrute+Laurence+Boone&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.aulast=Berretta&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Femmanuel-berretta%2Fhollande-remanie-l-elysee-et-recrute-laurence-boone-10-06-2014-1834370_1897.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisot2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Visot, Marie (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/mon-figaro/2014/06/10/10001-20140610ARTFIG00402-laurence-boone-une-forte-tete-a-l-elysee.php">"Laurence Boone, une forte tête à l'Élysée"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001012/http://www.lefigaro.fr/mon-figaro/2014/06/10/10001-20140610ARTFIG00402-laurence-boone-une-forte-tete-a-l-elysee.php">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Laurence+Boone%2C+une+forte+t%C3%AAte+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft.aulast=Visot&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fmon-figaro%2F2014%2F06%2F10%2F10001-20140610ARTFIG00402-laurence-boone-une-forte-tete-a-l-elysee.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-L'Obs-2-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L'Obs-2_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-L'Obs-2_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/20140610.OBS9967/info-obs-emmanuel-macron-prepare-son-depart-de-l-elysee.html">"INFO OBS. Emmanuel Macron prépare son départ de l'Elysée"</a>. L'Obs (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802130706/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/20140610.OBS9967/info-obs-emmanuel-macron-prepare-son-depart-de-l-elysee.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Obs&rft.atitle=INFO+OBS.+Emmanuel+Macron+pr%C3%A9pare+son+d%C3%A9part+de+l%27Elys%C3%A9e&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftempsreel.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2F20140610.OBS9967%2Finfo-obs-emmanuel-macron-prepare-son-depart-de-l-elysee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/10/06/2014/lesechos.fr/0203552972800_elysee---hollande-chamboule-son-cabinet.htm">"Elysée: Hollande chamboule son cabinet"</a>. Les Échos. France. 10 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802130331/https://www.lesechos.fr/10/06/2014/lesechos.fr/0203552972800_elysee---hollande-chamboule-son-cabinet.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+%C3%89chos&rft.atitle=Elys%C3%A9e%3A+Hollande+chamboule+son+cabinet&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F10%2F06%2F2014%2Flesechos.fr%2F0203552972800_elysee---hollande-chamboule-son-cabinet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-magazine/france-2/envoye-special/video-portrait-d-emmanuel-macron_835521.html">"VIDEO. Le roman d'une ambition"</a>. Franceinfo (in French). 27 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702003609/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-magazine/france-2/envoye-special/video-portrait-d-emmanuel-macron_835521.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=VIDEO.+Le+roman+d%27une+ambition&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Freplay-magazine%2Ffrance-2%2Fenvoye-special%2Fvideo-portrait-d-emmanuel-macron_835521.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/economie/les-redoutables-reseaux-d-emmanuel-macron_31265">"Les redoutables réseaux de Macron"</a>. Challenges (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170114195326/http://www.challenges.fr/economie/les-redoutables-reseaux-d-emmanuel-macron_31265">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Challenges&rft.atitle=Les+redoutables+r%C3%A9seaux+de+Macron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Feconomie%2Fles-redoutables-reseaux-d-emmanuel-macron_31265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChabas2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chabas, Charlotte (27 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/08/27/emmanuel-macron-de-mozart-de-l-elysee-a-ministre-de-l-economie_4477318_823448.html">"Emmanuel Macron, de " Mozart de l'Elysée " à ministre de l'économie"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170416192651/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/08/27/emmanuel-macron-de-mozart-de-l-elysee-a-ministre-de-l-economie_4477318_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+de+%22+Mozart+de+l%27Elys%C3%A9e+%22+%C3%A0+ministre+de+l%27%C3%A9conomie&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft.aulast=Chabas&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2014%2F08%2F27%2Femmanuel-macron-de-mozart-de-l-elysee-a-ministre-de-l-economie_4477318_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-corbet-65"><a href="#cite_ref-corbet_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbetGanley2014" class="citation news cs1">Corbet, Sylvie; Ganley, Elaine (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.columbusceo.com/article/20140826/NEWS/308269576">"French gov't reshuffle expels dissident ministers"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831011547/http://news.yahoo.com/french-govt-reshuffle-expels-dissident-ministers-171140970.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+gov%27t+reshuffle+expels+dissident+ministers&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Corbet&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft.au=Ganley%2C+Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbusceo.com%2Farticle%2F20140826%2FNEWS%2F308269576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/mfi/20140829-macron-bercy-economie-parcours-elysee-hollande-ena-rotschild-montebourg-socialiste/">"Emmanuel Macron: son adversaire, c'est la défiance"</a> (in French). Radio France Internationale. 29 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802125128/http://www.rfi.fr/mfi/20140829-macron-bercy-economie-parcours-elysee-hollande-ena-rotschild-montebourg-socialiste/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%3A+son+adversaire%2C+c%27est+la+d%C3%A9fiance&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fmfi%2F20140829-macron-bercy-economie-parcours-elysee-hollande-ena-rotschild-montebourg-socialiste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lejdd-67"><a href="#cite_ref-lejdd_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV.V.2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">V.V. 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Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+de+Dimanche&rft.atitle=Macron%2C+l%27anti-Montebourg&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.au=V.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FPolitique%2FRemaniement-Emmanuel-Macron-nouveau-ministre-de-l-Economie-est-l-anti-Montebourg-682762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Revault_d'Allonnes-2015-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Revault_d'Allonnes-2015_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Revault_d'Allonnes-2015_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevault_d'Allonnes2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Revault d'Allonnes, David (17 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2015/02/17/loi-macron-un-49-3-degaine-comme-un-dernier-recours_4578328_823448.html">"Loi Macron: comment le 49-3 a été dégainé comme un dernier recours"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+%C3%89chos&rft.atitle=Pourquoi+le+marteau+du+49-3+est+un+outil+indispensable&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F02%2F2015%2FLesEchos%2F21884-037-ECH_pourquoi-le-marteau-du-49-3-est-un-outil-indispensable.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/loi/2015/8/6/EINX1426821L/jo/texte">"LOI n° 2015-990 du 6 août 2015 pour la croissance, l'activité et l'égalité des chances économiques | Legifrance"</a>. legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707045859/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/loi/2015/8/6/EINX1426821L/jo/texte">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2017. 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Le Figaro (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708001304/http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2015/09/18/20002-20150918ARTFIG00250-la-loi-macronne-devrait-creer-que-peu-de-croissance.php">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2017. 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Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806100930/http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2016/08/30/quel-bilan-pour-emmanuel-macron-au-gouvernement_4990086_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. 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Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Des+paroles+et+des+actes.+Invit%C3%A9+%3A+Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2015-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Freplay-magazine%2Ffrance-2%2Fdes-paroles-et-des-actes%2Fdes-paroles-et-des-actes-du-jeudi-12-mars-2015_841451.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagnaudeix" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Magnaudeix, Mathieu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/270617/l-assemblee-le-pouvoir-installe-ses-tetes">"A l'Assemblée, le pouvoir installe ses têtes"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediapart&rft.atitle=A+l%27Assembl%C3%A9e%2C+le+pouvoir+installe+ses+t%C3%AAtes&rft.aulast=Magnaudeix&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapart.fr%2Fjournal%2Ffrance%2F270617%2Fl-assemblee-le-pouvoir-installe-ses-tetes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107015822/https://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-explique-etre-parti-du-gouvernement-a-cause-de-la-decheance-de-nationalite-2856139">"Lelab Europe1 – le meilleur de l'actualité politique sur le web"</a>. lelab.europe1.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-explique-etre-parti-du-gouvernement-a-cause-de-la-decheance-de-nationalite-2856139">the original</a> on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lelab.europe1.fr&rft.atitle=Lelab+Europe1+%E2%80%93+le+meilleur+de+l%27actualit%C3%A9+politique+sur+le+web&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flelab.europe1.fr%2Femmanuel-macron-explique-etre-parti-du-gouvernement-a-cause-de-la-decheance-de-nationalite-2856139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2016/02/09/25002-20160209ARTFIG00392-decheance-pour-macron-on-ne-traite-pas-le-mal-en-l-expulsant.php">"Emmanuel Macron prend ses distances avec la déchéance de nationalité"</a>. Le Figaro. 9 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922130234/https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2016/02/09/25002-20160209ARTFIG00392-decheance-pour-macron-on-ne-traite-pas-le-mal-en-l-expulsant.php">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+prend+ses+distances+avec+la+d%C3%A9ch%C3%A9ance+de+nationalit%C3%A9&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fle-scan%2Fcitations%2F2016%2F02%2F09%2F25002-20160209ARTFIG00392-decheance-pour-macron-on-ne-traite-pas-le-mal-en-l-expulsant.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/08/09/2015/lesechos.fr/021312892961_macron--vrp-de-la-french-tech-en-israel.htm">"Macron, VRP de la French Tech en Israël"</a>. Les Échos. France. 8 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190309221224/https://www.lesechos.fr/08/09/2015/lesechos.fr/021312892961_macron--vrp-de-la-french-tech-en-israel.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+%C3%89chos&rft.atitle=Macron%2C+VRP+de+la+French+Tech+en+Isra%C3%ABl&rft.date=2015-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F08%2F09%2F2015%2Flesechos.fr%2F021312892961_macron--vrp-de-la-french-tech-en-israel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-orange-83"><a href="#cite_ref-orange_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrange2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Orange, Martine (12 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/120616/comment-leurope-pese-sur-la-loi-el-khomri">"Comment l'Europe a pesé sur la loi El Khomri"</a>. Mediapart (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610153944/https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/120616/comment-leurope-pese-sur-la-loi-el-khomri">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mediapart&rft.atitle=Comment+l%27Europe+a+pes%C3%A9+sur+la+loi+El+Khomri&rft.date=2016-06-12&rft.aulast=Orange&rft.aufirst=Martine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapart.fr%2Fjournal%2Ffrance%2F120616%2Fcomment-leurope-pese-sur-la-loi-el-khomri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-L'Opinion-2016-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L'Opinion-2016_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-L'Opinion-2016_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/emmanuel-macron-dernier-maillon-fort-qui-pourrait-lacher-96996">"Emmanuel Macron, le dernier maillon fort qui pourrait lâcher"</a>. L'Opinion (in French). 16 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308104240/https://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/emmanuel-macron-dernier-maillon-fort-qui-pourrait-lacher-96996">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Opinion&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+le+dernier+maillon+fort+qui+pourrait+l%C3%A2cher&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lopinion.fr%2Fedition%2Fpolitique%2Femmanuel-macron-dernier-maillon-fort-qui-pourrait-lacher-96996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/04/06/emmanuel-macron-lance-un-mouvement-politique-nouveau-baptise-en-marche_4897274_823448.html">"Emmanuel Macron lance un " mouvement politique nouveau " baptisé " En marche ! ""</a>. Le Monde (in French). 6 April 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806194555/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/04/06/emmanuel-macron-lance-un-mouvement-politique-nouveau-baptise-en-marche_4897274_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+lance+un+%22+mouvement+politique+nouveau+%22+baptis%C3%A9+%22+En+marche+%21+%22&rft.date=2016-04-06&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2016%2F04%2F06%2Femmanuel-macron-lance-un-mouvement-politique-nouveau-baptise-en-marche_4897274_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unBanquier-86"><a href="#cite_ref-unBanquier_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/emmanuel-macron-un-banquier-social-liberal-a-bercy-26-08-2014-4088311.php">"Emmanuel Macron, un banquier social-libéral à Bercy"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). 26 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190309090609/http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/emmanuel-macron-un-banquier-social-liberal-a-bercy-26-08-2014-4088311.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+un+banquier+social-lib%C3%A9ral+%C3%A0+Bercy&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Feconomie%2Femmanuel-macron-un-banquier-social-liberal-a-bercy-26-08-2014-4088311.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe1.fr/politique/macron-veut-voir-son-projet-progressiste-defendu-en-2017-2783443">"Macron veut voir son 'projet progressiste' défendu en 2017"</a>. Europe1. 27 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113031210/http://www.europe1.fr/politique/macron-veut-voir-son-projet-progressiste-defendu-en-2017-2783443">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macron+veut+voir+son+%27projet+progressiste%27+d%C3%A9fendu+en+2017&rft.pub=Europe1&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmacron-veut-voir-son-projet-progressiste-defendu-en-2017-2783443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Roger, Patrick (20 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/08/20/macron-precise-son-projet-progressiste-pour-2017_4985391_4854003.html">"Macron précise son projet " progressiste " pour 2017"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805181433/https://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/08/20/macron-precise-son-projet-progressiste-pour-2017_4985391_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Macron+pr%C3%A9cise+son+projet+%22+progressiste+%22+pour+2017&rft.date=2016-08-20&rft.aulast=Roger&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Farticle%2F2016%2F08%2F20%2Fmacron-precise-son-projet-progressiste-pour-2017_4985391_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061833/http://lelab.europe1.fr/la-folle-sequence-mediatique-demmanuel-macron-2726665">"La folle séquence médiatique d'Emmanuel Macron – Le Lab Europe 1"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lelab.europe1.fr/la-folle-sequence-mediatique-demmanuel-macron-2726665">the original</a> on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+folle+s%C3%A9quence+m%C3%A9diatique+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+%E2%80%93+Le+Lab+Europe+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flelab.europe1.fr%2Fla-folle-sequence-mediatique-demmanuel-macron-2726665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424111150/http://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-refuse-detre-loblige-de-francois-hollande-2726290">"Finalement, le parti d'Emmanuel Macron est "et de droite, et de gauche" (mais surtout progressiste) – Le Lab Europe 1"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-refuse-detre-loblige-de-francois-hollande-2726290">the original</a> on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Finalement%2C+le+parti+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+est+%22et+de+droite%2C+et+de+gauche%22+%28mais+surtout+progressiste%29+%E2%80%93+Le+Lab+Europe+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flelab.europe1.fr%2Femmanuel-macron-refuse-detre-loblige-de-francois-hollande-2726290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36792249">"France elections: Hollande slaps down ambitious minister Macron"</a>. BBC. 14 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408015045/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36792249">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+elections%3A+Hollande+slaps+down+ambitious+minister+Macron&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-36792249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Macron-et-l-heritage-de-Jeanne-d-Arc-784439">"Macron et l'héritage de Jeanne d'Arc"</a>. Le Journal du Dimanche (in French). 8 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230802003821/https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Macron-et-l-heritage-de-Jeanne-d-Arc-784439">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+du+Dimanche&rft.atitle=Macron+et+l%27h%C3%A9ritage+de+Jeanne+d%27Arc&rft.date=2016-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FPolitique%2FMacron-et-l-heritage-de-Jeanne-d-Arc-784439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brustier-93"><a href="#cite_ref-brustier_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaël_Brustier" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gaël Brustier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.fr/story/118839/macron-revolution-passive">"Macron ou la "révolution passive" des élites françaises"</a>. Slate (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623005043/http://www.slate.fr/story/118839/macron-revolution-passive">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Macron+ou+la+%22r%C3%A9volution+passive%22+des+%C3%A9lites+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.au=Ga%C3%ABl+Brustier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F118839%2Fmacron-revolution-passive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisot2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Visot, Marie (16 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2016/06/16/20002-20160616ARTFIG00269-michel-sapin-emmanuel-macron-les-meilleurs-ennemis-de-bercy.php">"Michel Sapin-Emmanuel Macron : les meilleurs ennemis de Bercy"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709173428/http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2016/06/16/20002-20160616ARTFIG00269-michel-sapin-emmanuel-macron-les-meilleurs-ennemis-de-bercy.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Michel+Sapin-Emmanuel+Macron+%3A+les+meilleurs+ennemis+de+Bercy&rft.date=2016-06-16&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft.aulast=Visot&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fconjoncture%2F2016%2F06%2F16%2F20002-20160616ARTFIG00269-michel-sapin-emmanuel-macron-les-meilleurs-ennemis-de-bercy.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrissette2016" class="citation book cs1">Prissette, Nicolas (2016). Emmanuel Macron en marche vers l'Élysée. 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Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Ces+journaux+qui+en+pincent+pour+Macron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffuturs%2F2016%2F07%2F12%2Fces-journaux-qui-en-pincent-pour-macron_1465762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acrimed.org/La-presse-est-unanime-Emmanuel-Macron">"La presse est unanime : Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Acrimed | Action Critique Médias (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323195113/https://www.acrimed.org/La-presse-est-unanime-Emmanuel-Macron">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acrimed+%7C+Action+Critique+M%C3%A9dias&rft.atitle=La+presse+est+unanime+%3A+Emmanuel+Macron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acrimed.org%2FLa-presse-est-unanime-Emmanuel-Macron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanite.fr/la-macronite-de-lexpress-619149">"La macronite de l'Express"</a>. L'Humanité (in French). 27 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228011443/http://www.humanite.fr/la-macronite-de-lexpress-619149">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Humanit%C3%A9&rft.atitle=La+macronite+de+l%27Express&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanite.fr%2Fla-macronite-de-lexpress-619149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acrimed.org/Le-cas-Macron-un-feuilleton-mediatique-a-suspense">"Le " cas Macron " : un feuilleton médiatique à suspense"</a>. Acrimed | Action Critique Médias (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530010220/https://www.acrimed.org/Le-cas-Macron-un-feuilleton-mediatique-a-suspense">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acrimed+%7C+Action+Critique+M%C3%A9dias&rft.atitle=Le+%22+cas+Macron+%22+%3A+un+feuilleton+m%C3%A9diatique+%C3%A0+suspense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acrimed.org%2FLe-cas-Macron-un-feuilleton-mediatique-a-suspense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/05/08/a-orleans-emmanuel-macron-a-rendu-hommage-a-jeanne-d-arc-qui-a-su-rassembler-la-france_4915603_823448.html">"A Orléans, Emmanuel Macron a rendu hommage à Jeanne d'Arc qui " a su rassembler la France ""</a>. Le Monde (in French). 8 May 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924035203/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/05/08/a-orleans-emmanuel-macron-a-rendu-hommage-a-jeanne-d-arc-qui-a-su-rassembler-la-france_4915603_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=A+Orl%C3%A9ans%2C+Emmanuel+Macron+a+rendu+hommage+%C3%A0+Jeanne+d%27Arc+qui+%22+a+su+rassembler+la+France+%22&rft.date=2016-05-08&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2016%2F05%2F08%2Fa-orleans-emmanuel-macron-a-rendu-hommage-a-jeanne-d-arc-qui-a-su-rassembler-la-france_4915603_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/05/08/avec-jeanne-d-arc-macron-attend-des-voix_1451313">"Avec Jeanne d'Arc, Macron attend des voix"</a>. Libération (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413113247/https://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/05/08/avec-jeanne-d-arc-macron-attend-des-voix_1451313/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Avec+Jeanne+d%27Arc%2C+Macron+attend+des+voix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2016%2F05%2F08%2Favec-jeanne-d-arc-macron-attend-des-voix_1451313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lci.fr/politique/macron-a-orleans-cest-quoi-les-fetes-johanniques-si-prisees-des-politiques-1510079.html">"Macron à Orléans : c'est quoi les fêtes johanniques, si prisées des politiques?"</a>. LCI (in French). 26 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806142329/http://www.lci.fr/politique/macron-a-orleans-cest-quoi-les-fetes-johanniques-si-prisees-des-politiques-1510079.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LCI&rft.atitle=Macron+%C3%A0+Orl%C3%A9ans+%3A+c%27est+quoi+les+f%C3%AAtes+johanniques%2C+si+pris%C3%A9es+des+politiques%3F&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lci.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmacron-a-orleans-cest-quoi-les-fetes-johanniques-si-prisees-des-politiques-1510079.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/08/19/macron-l-honnetete-m-oblige-a-vous-dire-que-je-ne-suis-pas-socialiste_1473437">"Macron: "L'honnêteté m'oblige à vous dire que je ne suis pas socialiste""</a>. Libération (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412145102/https://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/08/19/macron-l-honnetete-m-oblige-a-vous-dire-que-je-ne-suis-pas-socialiste_1473437/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Macron%3A+%22L%27honn%C3%AAtet%C3%A9+m%27oblige+%C3%A0+vous+dire+que+je+ne+suis+pas+socialiste%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2016%2F08%2F19%2Fmacron-l-honnetete-m-oblige-a-vous-dire-que-je-ne-suis-pas-socialiste_1473437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-macron-quits-104"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-macron-quits_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37221446">"Macron quits to clear way for French presidential bid"</a>. BBC News. 30 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180717113112/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37221446">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Macron+quits+to+clear+way+for+French+presidential+bid&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-37221446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulien_LicourtYohan_Blavignat2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Julien Licourt; Yohan Blavignat (30 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2016/08/30/01002-20160830LIVWWW00101-macron-demission-gouvernement-hollande-politique-presidentielle-2017.php">"Macron évite soigneusement d'évoquer sa candidature"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329182458/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2016/08/30/01002-20160830LIVWWW00101-macron-demission-gouvernement-hollande-politique-presidentielle-2017.php">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Macron+%C3%A9vite+soigneusement+d%27%C3%A9voquer+sa+candidature&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft.au=Julien+Licourt&rft.au=Yohan+Blavignat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2016%2F08%2F30%2F01002-20160830LIVWWW00101-macron-demission-gouvernement-hollande-politique-presidentielle-2017.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeibt2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seibt, Sébastian (30 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/fr/20160830-emmanuel-macron-demission-bercy-sapin-bilan-economie-presidentielle">"Emmanuel Macron démissionne pour se consacrer à son mouvement En Marche"</a> (in French). France 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806062704/http://www.france24.com/fr/20160830-emmanuel-macron-demission-bercy-sapin-bilan-economie-presidentielle">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+d%C3%A9missionne+pour+se+consacrer+%C3%A0+son+mouvement+En+Marche&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft.aulast=Seibt&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9bastian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20160830-emmanuel-macron-demission-bercy-sapin-bilan-economie-presidentielle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoussielgue2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Poussielgue, Grégoire (30 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/politique/0211240059317-macron-annonce-sa-demission-cet-apres-midi-pour-se-consacrer-a-son-mouvement-en-marche-2023616.php">"Macron démissionne avec l'Elysée en ligne de mire"</a>. Les Échos (in French). France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160830132215/http://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/politique/0211240059317-macron-annonce-sa-demission-cet-apres-midi-pour-se-consacrer-a-son-mouvement-en-marche-2023616.php">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+%C3%89chos&rft.atitle=Macron+d%C3%A9missionne+avec+l%27Elys%C3%A9e+en+ligne+de+mire&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft.aulast=Poussielgue&rft.aufirst=Gr%C3%A9goire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2Fpolitique-societe%2Fpolitique%2F0211240059317-macron-annonce-sa-demission-cet-apres-midi-pour-se-consacrer-a-son-mouvement-en-marche-2023616.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPottier2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pottier, Jean-Marie (30 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.fr/story/122803/macron-demission">"Emmanuel Macron, la démission continue"</a>. Slate (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806062901/http://www.slate.fr/story/122803/macron-demission">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+la+d%C3%A9mission+continue&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft.aulast=Pottier&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F122803%2Fmacron-demission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/l-histoire-secrete-de-la-demission-d-emmanuel-macron_1803851.html">"L'histoire secrète de la démission d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Franceinfo (in French). 31 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170926050504/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/l-histoire-secrete-de-la-demission-d-emmanuel-macron_1803851.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=L%27histoire+secr%C3%A8te+de+la+d%C3%A9mission+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Femmanuel-macron%2Fl-histoire-secrete-de-la-demission-d-emmanuel-macron_1803851.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2016/08/30/emmanuel-macron-attendu-a-l-elysee">"Emmanuel Macron: "J'ai démissionné pour être libre""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061051/http://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2016/08/30/emmanuel-macron-attendu-a-l-elysee">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%3A+%22J%27ai+d%C3%A9missionn%C3%A9+pour+%C3%AAtre+libre%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledauphine.com%2Ffrance-monde%2F2016%2F08%2F30%2Femmanuel-macron-attendu-a-l-elysee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFd'Allonnes2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">d'Allonnes, David Revault (31 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/08/31/hollande-emmanuel-macron-m-a-trahi-avec-methode_4990333_823448.html">"Hollande: " Emmanuel Macron m'a trahi avec méthode ""</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806100716/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/08/31/hollande-emmanuel-macron-m-a-trahi-avec-methode_4990333_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Hollande%3A+%22+Emmanuel+Macron+m%27a+trahi+avec+m%C3%A9thode+%22&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft.aulast=d%27Allonnes&rft.aufirst=David+Revault&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2016%2F08%2F31%2Fhollande-emmanuel-macron-m-a-trahi-avec-methode_4990333_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.com/?option=com_publication&type=poll&id=3464">"Ifop – Les Français et la démission d'Emmanuel Macron du gouvernement"</a>. ifop.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227222410/http://www.ifop.com/?option=com_publication&type=poll&id=3464">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ifop.com&rft.atitle=Ifop+%E2%80%93+Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+la+d%C3%A9mission+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+du+gouvernement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.com%2F%3Foption%3Dcom_publication%26type%3Dpoll%26id%3D3464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWieder2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wieder, Thomas (7 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/04/07/le-pari-liberal-d-emmanuel-macron_4897752_4854003.html">"Le pari libéral d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624144616/https://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/04/07/le-pari-liberal-d-emmanuel-macron_4897752_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+pari+lib%C3%A9ral+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft.aulast=Wieder&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Farticle%2F2016%2F04%2F07%2Fle-pari-liberal-d-emmanuel-macron_4897752_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMourgue2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mourgue, Marion (18 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/coulisses/2016/05/18/25006-20160518ARTFIG00273-les-levees-de-fond-au-profit-d-emmanuel-macron-se-poursuivent.php">"Les levées de fonds au profit d'Emmanuel Macron se poursuivent"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209180502/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/coulisses/2016/05/18/25006-20160518ARTFIG00273-les-levees-de-fond-au-profit-d-emmanuel-macron-se-poursuivent.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Les+lev%C3%A9es+de+fonds+au+profit+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+se+poursuivent&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft.aulast=Mourgue&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fle-scan%2Fcoulisses%2F2016%2F05%2F18%2F25006-20160518ARTFIG00273-les-levees-de-fond-au-profit-d-emmanuel-macron-se-poursuivent.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jupiter-115"><a href="#cite_ref-jupiter_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCombis2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Combis, Hélène (19 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceculture.fr/politique/president-jupiterien-comment-macron-compte-regner-sur-lolympe">"'Président jupitérien': comment Macron compte régner sur l'Olympe"</a>. France Inter (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731002508/https://www.franceculture.fr/politique/president-jupiterien-comment-macron-compte-regner-sur-lolympe">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Inter&rft.atitle=%27Pr%C3%A9sident+jupit%C3%A9rien%27%3A+comment+Macron+compte+r%C3%A9gner+sur+l%27Olympe&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft.aulast=Combis&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceculture.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fpresident-jupiterien-comment-macron-compte-regner-sur-lolympe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-centrist1-116"><a href="#cite_ref-centrist1_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37994372">"France's Macron Joins Presidential Race to 'Unblock France'"</a>. BBC, UK. 16 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423231450/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37994372">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France%27s+Macron+Joins+Presidential+Race+to+%27Unblock+France%27&rft.pub=BBC%2C+UK&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-37994372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoni2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boni, Marc de (16 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2016/03/16/25002-20160316ARTFIG00114-2017-macron-calme-le-jeu-et-se-range-derriere-hollande.php">"2017 : Macron calme le jeu et se range derrière Hollande"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190309105111/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2016/03/16/25002-20160316ARTFIG00114-2017-macron-calme-le-jeu-et-se-range-derriere-hollande.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=2017+%3A+Macron+calme+le+jeu+et+se+range+derri%C3%A8re+Hollande&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft.aulast=Boni&rft.aufirst=Marc+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fle-scan%2Fcitations%2F2016%2F03%2F16%2F25002-20160316ARTFIG00114-2017-macron-calme-le-jeu-et-se-range-derriere-hollande.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/11/22/emmanuel-macron-a-une-drole-de-definition-des-mots-traitre-et_a_21611710/">"Macron a une drôle de définition des mots "traître" et "loyauté""</a>. Le Huffington Post. 22 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419185024/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/11/22/emmanuel-macron-a-une-drole-de-definition-des-mots-traitre-et_a_21611710/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Macron+a+une+dr%C3%B4le+de+d%C3%A9finition+des+mots+%22tra%C3%AEtre%22+et+%22loyaut%C3%A9%22&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2F2016%2F11%2F22%2Femmanuel-macron-a-une-drole-de-definition-des-mots-traitre-et_a_21611710%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/revolution-le-livre-programme-de-macron-se-hisse-dans-le-top-des-ventes_440991">""Révolution", le livre-programme de Macron se hisse dans le top des ventes"</a>. Challenges (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162703/http://www.challenges.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/revolution-le-livre-programme-de-macron-se-hisse-dans-le-top-des-ventes_440991">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Challenges&rft.atitle=%22R%C3%A9volution%22%2C+le+livre-programme+de+Macron+se+hisse+dans+le+top+des+ventes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Frevolution-le-livre-programme-de-macron-se-hisse-dans-le-top-des-ventes_440991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe1.fr/politique/macron-refuse-toute-participation-a-la-primaire-une-querelle-de-clan-2918090">"Macron refuse toute participation à la primaire, une "querelle de clan""</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806062436/http://www.europe1.fr/politique/macron-refuse-toute-participation-a-la-primaire-une-querelle-de-clan-2918090">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Macron+refuse+toute+participation+%C3%A0+la+primaire%2C+une+%22querelle+de+clan%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmacron-refuse-toute-participation-a-la-primaire-une-querelle-de-clan-2918090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/primaire-a-gauche-emmanuel-macron-rejette-les-appels-de-valls-et-cambadelis-1068229.html">"Primaire à gauche: Emmanuel Macron rejette les appels de Valls et Cambadélis"</a> (in French). BFMTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406174603/http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/primaire-a-gauche-emmanuel-macron-rejette-les-appels-de-valls-et-cambadelis-1068229.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Primaire+%C3%A0+gauche%3A+Emmanuel+Macron+rejette+les+appels+de+Valls+et+Cambad%C3%A9lis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fpolitique%2Fprimaire-a-gauche-emmanuel-macron-rejette-les-appels-de-valls-et-cambadelis-1068229.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/cambadelis-menace-de-sanction-les-soutiens-de-macron-02-09-2016-2065327_20.php">"Cambadélis menace de sanction les soutiens de Macron"</a>. Le Point (in French). 2 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806064050/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/cambadelis-menace-de-sanction-les-soutiens-de-macron-02-09-2016-2065327_20.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Cambad%C3%A9lis+menace+de+sanction+les+soutiens+de+Macron&rft.date=2016-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fcambadelis-menace-de-sanction-les-soutiens-de-macron-02-09-2016-2065327_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-decodeurs-123"><a href="#cite_ref-decodeurs_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2017/05/02/qui-sont-les-trente-proches-d-emmanuel-macron-qui-comptent-au-sein-d-en-marche_5121041_4355770.html#sophie_gagnant-ferracci">"Qui sont les trente proches d'Emmanuel Macron qui comptent au sein d'En marche ! ?"</a>. Le Monde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118021649/http://www.lemonde.fr//les-decodeurs/article/2017/05/02/qui-sont-les-trente-proches-d-emmanuel-macron-qui-comptent-au-sein-d-en-marche_5121041_4355770.html#sophie_gagnant-ferracci">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Qui+sont+les+trente+proches+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+qui+comptent+au+sein+d%27En+marche+%21+%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fqui-sont-les-trente-proches-d-emmanuel-macron-qui-comptent-au-sein-d-en-marche_5121041_4355770.html%23sophie_gagnant-ferracci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutes.fr/politique/1978191-20161210-presidentielle-vraiment-entre-campagne-macron-montre-biceps-paris">"Présidentielle: "On est vraiment entré dans la campagne", Macron montre les biceps à Paris"</a>. 20 Minutes (in French). 10 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061935/http://www.20minutes.fr/politique/1978191-20161210-presidentielle-vraiment-entre-campagne-macron-montre-biceps-paris">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20+Minutes&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle%3A+%22On+est+vraiment+entr%C3%A9+dans+la+campagne%22%2C+Macron+montre+les+biceps+%C3%A0+Paris&rft.date=2016-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.20minutes.fr%2Fpolitique%2F1978191-20161210-presidentielle-vraiment-entre-campagne-macron-montre-biceps-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaudano2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vaudano, Maxime (22 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2016/12/22/primaire-de-la-droite-ce-que-les-comptes-racontent-de-la-campagne_5052894_4355770.html">"Primaire de la droite: ce que les comptes racontent de la campagne"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061343/http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2016/12/22/primaire-de-la-droite-ce-que-les-comptes-racontent-de-la-campagne_5052894_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Primaire+de+la+droite%3A+ce+que+les+comptes+racontent+de+la+campagne&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft.aulast=Vaudano&rft.aufirst=Maxime&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2016%2F12%2F22%2Fprimaire-de-la-droite-ce-que-les-comptes-racontent-de-la-campagne_5052894_4355770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieu" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mathieu, Mathilde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/181116/macron-et-ses-donateurs-et-voila-le-debat-sur-la-transparence">"Macron et ses donateurs: et voilà le débat sur la transparence!"</a>. Mediapart (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061542/https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/181116/macron-et-ses-donateurs-et-voila-le-debat-sur-la-transparence">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediapart&rft.atitle=Macron+et+ses+donateurs%3A+et+voil%C3%A0+le+d%C3%A9bat+sur+la+transparence%21&rft.aulast=Mathieu&rft.aufirst=Mathilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapart.fr%2Fjournal%2Ffrance%2F181116%2Fmacron-et-ses-donateurs-et-voila-le-debat-sur-la-transparence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2016/11/18/97001-20161118FILWWW00075-macron-refuse-de-publier-la-liste-de-ses-donateurs.php">"Macron refuse de publier la liste de ses donateurs"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806063048/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2016/11/18/97001-20161118FILWWW00075-macron-refuse-de-publier-la-liste-de-ses-donateurs.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Macron+refuse+de+publier+la+liste+de+ses+donateurs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2016%2F11%2F18%2F97001-20161118FILWWW00075-macron-refuse-de-publier-la-liste-de-ses-donateurs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roger-2017-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roger-2017_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger-2017_128-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Roger, Patrick (26 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/01/26/emmanuel-macron-assure-qu-aucun-centime-de-bercy-n-a-ete-utilise-pour-en-marche_5069362_4854003.html">"Emmanuel Macron assure qu'" aucun centime " de Bercy n'a été utilisé pour En Marche !"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806100928/http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/01/26/emmanuel-macron-assure-qu-aucun-centime-de-bercy-n-a-ete-utilise-pour-en-marche_5069362_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+assure+qu%27%22+aucun+centime+%22+de+Bercy+n%27a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+utilis%C3%A9+pour+En+Marche+%21&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft.aulast=Roger&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Farticle%2F2017%2F01%2F26%2Femmanuel-macron-assure-qu-aucun-centime-de-bercy-n-a-ete-utilise-pour-en-marche_5069362_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaudano2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vaudano, Maxime (3 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2017/02/03/emmanuel-macron-peut-il-etre-inquiete-dans-l-affaire-des-frais-de-bouche_5074081_4355770.html">"Emmanuel Macron peut-il être inquiété dans l'affaire des " frais de bouche " ?"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806100402/http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2017/02/03/emmanuel-macron-peut-il-etre-inquiete-dans-l-affaire-des-frais-de-bouche_5074081_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+peut-il+%C3%AAtre+inqui%C3%A9t%C3%A9+dans+l%27affaire+des+%22+frais+de+bouche+%22+%3F&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft.aulast=Vaudano&rft.aufirst=Maxime&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2017%2F02%2F03%2Femmanuel-macron-peut-il-etre-inquiete-dans-l-affaire-des-frais-de-bouche_5074081_4355770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Emmanuel-Macron-et-les-120-000-euros-de-Bercy-842885">"Emmanuel Macron et les 120.000 euros de Bercy"</a>. Le Journal du Dimanche (in French). 26 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803075926/http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Emmanuel-Macron-et-les-120-000-euros-de-Bercy-842885">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+du+Dimanche&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+et+les+120.000+euros+de+Bercy&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FPolitique%2FEmmanuel-Macron-et-les-120-000-euros-de-Bercy-842885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/03/12/emmanuel-macron-bulle-mediatique-fantasme-gauche-recomposition_n_9439094.html">"Emmanuel Macron, bulle médiatique et fantasme d'une gauche en recomposition"</a>. Le Huffington Post. 12 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061317/http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/03/12/emmanuel-macron-bulle-mediatique-fantasme-gauche-recomposition_n_9439094.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+bulle+m%C3%A9diatique+et+fantasme+d%27une+gauche+en+recomposition&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2F2016%2F03%2F12%2Femmanuel-macron-bulle-mediatique-fantasme-gauche-recomposition_n_9439094.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuertas" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Huertas, Hubert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/180117/croquis-de-melenchon-macron-les-ressorts-d-un-desequilibre">"Croquis. De Mélenchon à Macron, les ressorts d'un déséquilibre"</a>. Mediapart (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806063240/https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/180117/croquis-de-melenchon-macron-les-ressorts-d-un-desequilibre">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediapart&rft.atitle=Croquis.+De+M%C3%A9lenchon+%C3%A0+Macron%2C+les+ressorts+d%27un+d%C3%A9s%C3%A9quilibre&rft.aulast=Huertas&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapart.fr%2Fjournal%2Ffrance%2F180117%2Fcroquis-de-melenchon-macron-les-ressorts-d-un-desequilibre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Michaela Wiegel: Seine Lehrerin, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a>, 9 May 2017, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/claude-perdriel-proprietaire-challenges-c-est-macron-112306">"Pour Claude Perdriel, propriétaire de Challenges, "c'est Macron!""</a>. L'Opinion (in French). 17 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806100520/http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/claude-perdriel-proprietaire-challenges-c-est-macron-112306">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Opinion&rft.atitle=Pour+Claude+Perdriel%2C+propri%C3%A9taire+de+Challenges%2C+%22c%27est+Macron%21%22&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lopinion.fr%2Fedition%2Fpolitique%2Fclaude-perdriel-proprietaire-challenges-c-est-macron-112306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Libération.fr-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Lib%C3%A9ration.fr_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/debats/2017/02/12/emmanuel-macron-candidat-des-medias-autopsie-d-un-choix-implicite_1548024">"Emmanuel Macron, "candidat des médias": autopsie d'un choix implicite"</a>. Libération (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061000/http://www.liberation.fr/debats/2017/02/12/emmanuel-macron-candidat-des-medias-autopsie-d-un-choix-implicite_1548024">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+%22candidat+des+m%C3%A9dias%22%3A+autopsie+d%27un+choix+implicite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fdebats%2F2017%2F02%2F12%2Femmanuel-macron-candidat-des-medias-autopsie-d-un-choix-implicite_1548024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/05/BENILDE/57494">"Emmanuel Macron, le candidat des médias"</a>. Le Monde diplomatique (in French). 1 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806062111/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/05/BENILDE/57494">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+le+candidat+des+m%C3%A9dias&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2F2017%2F05%2FBENILDE%2F57494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/sondages-oui-non/emmanuel-macron-est-il-le-candidat-des-medias-01-03-2017-2108346_1923.php">"Emmanuel Macron est-il le candidat des médias ?"</a>. Le Point (in French). 1 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806063614/http://www.lepoint.fr/sondages-oui-non/emmanuel-macron-est-il-le-candidat-des-medias-01-03-2017-2108346_1923.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+est-il+le+candidat+des+m%C3%A9dias+%3F&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fsondages-oui-non%2Femmanuel-macron-est-il-le-candidat-des-medias-01-03-2017-2108346_1923.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSgherri2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sgherri, Marie-Sandrine (15 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/emmanuel-macron-le-produit-de-l-annee-15-02-2017-2104975_3121.php">"Emmanuel Macron, le produit de l'année ?"</a>. Le Point (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806064301/http://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/emmanuel-macron-le-produit-de-l-annee-15-02-2017-2104975_3121.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%2C+le+produit+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+%3F&rft.date=2017-02-15&rft.aulast=Sgherri&rft.aufirst=Marie-Sandrine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpresidentielle%2Femmanuel-macron-le-produit-de-l-annee-15-02-2017-2104975_3121.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/challenges-soir/comment-macron-a-tres-habilement-sature-l-espace-mediatique_414866">"Comment Macron est devenu un phénomène médiatique"</a>. Challenges (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109222001/http://www.challenges.fr/challenges-soir/comment-macron-a-tres-habilement-sature-l-espace-mediatique_414866">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Challenges&rft.atitle=Comment+Macron+est+devenu+un+ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne+m%C3%A9diatique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Fchallenges-soir%2Fcomment-macron-a-tres-habilement-sature-l-espace-mediatique_414866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/de-dsk-a-maduro-l-etonnant-parcours-d-ismael-emelien-conseiller-de-macron_1844250.html">"De DSK à Macron, l'étonnant parcours d'Ismaël Emelien"</a>. L'Express (in French). 25 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508200617/http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/de-dsk-a-maduro-l-etonnant-parcours-d-ismael-emelien-conseiller-de-macron_1844250.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=De+DSK+%C3%A0+Macron%2C+l%27%C3%A9tonnant+parcours+d%27Isma%C3%ABl+Emelien&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Fde-dsk-a-maduro-l-etonnant-parcours-d-ismael-emelien-conseiller-de-macron_1844250.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222110924/http://www.marianne.net/bfmtv-diffuse-autant-macron-que-fillon-hamon-melenchon-pen-reunis-100250047.html">"BFMTV diffuse autant de Macron que de Fillon, Hamon, Mélenchon et Le Pen réunis !"</a>. Marianne (in French). 21 February 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marianne.net/bfmtv-diffuse-autant-macron-que-fillon-hamon-melenchon-pen-reunis-100250047.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marianne&rft.atitle=BFMTV+diffuse+autant+de+Macron+que+de+Fillon%2C+Hamon%2C+M%C3%A9lenchon+et+Le+Pen+r%C3%A9unis+%21&rft.date=2017-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne.net%2Fbfmtv-diffuse-autant-macron-que-fillon-hamon-melenchon-pen-reunis-100250047.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/media/bernard-mourad-quitte-altice-pour-rejoindre-l-equipe-d-emmanuel-macron_431114">"Bernard Mourad quitte Altice pour rejoindre l'équipe d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Challenges (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125184556/https://www.challenges.fr/media/bernard-mourad-quitte-altice-pour-rejoindre-l-equipe-d-emmanuel-macron_431114">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Challenges&rft.atitle=Bernard+Mourad+quitte+Altice+pour+rejoindre+l%27%C3%A9quipe+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Fmedia%2Fbernard-mourad-quitte-altice-pour-rejoindre-l-equipe-d-emmanuel-macron_431114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/presidentielle/presidentielle-polemique-apres-une-poignee-de-mains-entre-emmanuel-macron-et-ruth-elkrief_2164916.html">"Présidentielle: polémique après une poignée de mains entre Emmanuel Macron et Ruth Elkrief"</a>. Franceinfo (in French). 27 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806001725/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/presidentielle/presidentielle-polemique-apres-une-poignee-de-mains-entre-emmanuel-macron-et-ruth-elkrief_2164916.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle%3A+pol%C3%A9mique+apr%C3%A8s+une+poign%C3%A9e+de+mains+entre+Emmanuel+Macron+et+Ruth+Elkrief&rft.date=2017-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Felections%2Fpresidentielle%2Fpresidentielle-polemique-apres-une-poignee-de-mains-entre-emmanuel-macron-et-ruth-elkrief_2164916.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/02/22/bayrou-propose-une-offre-d-alliance-a-macron-qui-accepte_1550292">"Bayrou propose "une offre d'alliance" à Macron qui "accepte""</a>. Libération (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923131523/http://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/02/22/bayrou-propose-une-offre-d-alliance-a-macron-qui-accepte_1550292">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Bayrou+propose+%22une+offre+d%27alliance%22+%C3%A0+Macron+qui+%22accepte%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2017%2F02%2F22%2Fbayrou-propose-une-offre-d-alliance-a-macron-qui-accepte_1550292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/elections/emmanuel-macron-et-francois-bayrou-bientot-l-alliance-pour-la-presidentielle_1881916.html">"Emmanuel Macron et François Bayrou, l'alliance pour la présidentielle"</a>. L'Express (in French). 22 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125184455/https://www.lexpress.fr/politique/elections/emmanuel-macron-et-francois-bayrou-bientot-l-alliance-pour-la-presidentielle_1881916.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+et+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou%2C+l%27alliance+pour+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle&rft.date=2017-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Felections%2Femmanuel-macron-et-francois-bayrou-bientot-l-alliance-pour-la-presidentielle_1881916.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/politique/sondage-fillon-s-effondre-et-serait-elimine-des-le-1er-tour_451663">"Sondage: Fillon s'effondre et serait éliminé dès le 1er tour"</a>. Challenges (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813132806/https://www.challenges.fr/politique/sondage-fillon-s-effondre-et-serait-elimine-des-le-1er-tour_451663">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Challenges&rft.atitle=Sondage%3A+Fillon+s%27effondre+et+serait+%C3%A9limin%C3%A9+d%C3%A8s+le+1er+tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fsondage-fillon-s-effondre-et-serait-elimine-des-le-1er-tour_451663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/presidentielle-2017-sondage-macron-vainqueur-7787509486">"Emmanuel Macron président selon un nouveau sondage"</a>. RTL.fr (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819170711/http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/presidentielle-2017-sondage-macron-vainqueur-7787509486">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTL.fr&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+pr%C3%A9sident+selon+un+nouveau+sondage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtl.fr%2Factu%2Fpolitique%2Fpresidentielle-2017-sondage-macron-vainqueur-7787509486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauline_De_Saint-RémyLoïc_Farge2017" class="citation news cs1">Pauline De Saint-Rémy; Loïc Farge (16 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/presidentielle-2017-certains-proches-de-macron-s-interrogent-sur-l-absence-de-programme-7787271290">"Certains proches de Macron s'interrogent sur "l'absence de programme""</a>. RTL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170304113856/http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/presidentielle-2017-certains-proches-de-macron-s-interrogent-sur-l-absence-de-programme-7787271290">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Certains+proches+de+Macron+s%27interrogent+sur+%22l%27absence+de+programme%22&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft.au=Pauline+De+Saint-R%C3%A9my&rft.au=Lo%C3%AFc+Farge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtl.fr%2Factu%2Fpolitique%2Fpresidentielle-2017-certains-proches-de-macron-s-interrogent-sur-l-absence-de-programme-7787271290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Ponchelet2017" class="citation news cs1">David Ponchelet (2 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/programme-emmanuel-macron-que-promet-il-outre-mer-448951.html">"Programme d'Emmanuel Macron: que promet-il pour les Outre-mer ?"</a>. franceinfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302125237/http://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/programme-emmanuel-macron-que-promet-il-outre-mer-448951.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Programme+d%27Emmanuel+Macron%3A+que+promet-il+pour+les+Outre-mer+%3F&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft.au=David+Ponchelet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fprogramme-emmanuel-macron-que-promet-il-outre-mer-448951.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/02/28/les-soutiens-d-emmanuel-macron_5087064_4854003.html">"Qui sont les soutiens d'Emmanuel Macron ?"</a>. Le Monde. 28 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302103255/http://www.lemonde.fr//election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/02/28/les-soutiens-d-emmanuel-macron_5087064_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Qui+sont+les+soutiens+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+%3F&rft.date=2017-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Farticle%2F2017%2F02%2F28%2Fles-soutiens-d-emmanuel-macron_5087064_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/04/24/97001-20170424FILWWW00147-la-grande-mosquee-de-paris-appelle-a-voter-massivement-macron.php">"La grande mosquée de Paris appelle à voter "massivement" Macron"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). 24 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428111819/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/04/24/97001-20170424FILWWW00147-la-grande-mosquee-de-paris-appelle-a-voter-massivement-macron.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=La+grande+mosqu%C3%A9e+de+Paris+appelle+%C3%A0+voter+%22massivement%22+Macron&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2F97001-20170424FILWWW00147-la-grande-mosquee-de-paris-appelle-a-voter-massivement-macron.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Parisien-2017-152"><a href="#cite_ref-Le_Parisien-2017_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/video-presidentielle-suivez-en-direct-le-discours-d-emmanuel-macron-22-04-2017-6877506.php">"Emmanuel Macron se voit en "président des patriotes face à la menace nationaliste""</a>. Le Parisien. 23 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519063533/http://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/video-presidentielle-suivez-en-direct-le-discours-d-emmanuel-macron-22-04-2017-6877506.php">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+se+voit+en+%22pr%C3%A9sident+des+patriotes+face+%C3%A0+la+menace+nationaliste%22&rft.date=2017-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Felections%2Fpresidentielle%2Fvideo-presidentielle-suivez-en-direct-le-discours-d-emmanuel-macron-22-04-2017-6877506.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerdah2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berdah, Arthur (24 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2017/04/24/35003-20170424ARTFIG00229-francois-hollande-pour-ma-part-je-voterai-emmanuel-macron.php">"François Hollande: "Pour ma part, je voterai Emmanuel Macron""</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806062927/http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2017/04/24/35003-20170424ARTFIG00229-francois-hollande-pour-ma-part-je-voterai-emmanuel-macron.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Hollande%3A+%22Pour+ma+part%2C+je+voterai+Emmanuel+Macron%22&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft.aulast=Berdah&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Felections%2Fpresidentielles%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2F35003-20170424ARTFIG00229-francois-hollande-pour-ma-part-je-voterai-emmanuel-macron.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/elections/137655">Juncker breaks tradition with support for Macron</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428050949/https://euobserver.com/elections/137655">Archived</a> 28 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/EUobserver" title="EUobserver">EUobserver</a>. 24 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/21/obama-wishes-french-presidential-hopeful-macron.html">Obama wishes French presidential hopeful Macron good luck ahead of key vote</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421105508/http://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/21/obama-wishes-french-presidential-hopeful-macron.html">Archived</a> 21 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. 21 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latribune.fr/economie/presidentielle-2017/debat-macron-le-pen-la-presse-etrangere-abasourdie-par-la-violence-des-echanges-704354.html">"Débat Macron-Le Pen: la presse étrangère abasourdie par la violence des échanges"</a>. La Tribune (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806062708/http://www.latribune.fr/economie/presidentielle-2017/debat-macron-le-pen-la-presse-etrangere-abasourdie-par-la-violence-des-echanges-704354.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Tribune&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9bat+Macron-Le+Pen%3A+la+presse+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re+abasourdie+par+la+violence+des+%C3%A9changes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latribune.fr%2Feconomie%2Fpresidentielle-2017%2Fdebat-macron-le-pen-la-presse-etrangere-abasourdie-par-la-violence-des-echanges-704354.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Stone2017" class="citation web cs1">Mark Stone (5 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sky.com/story/is-russia-interfering-in-the-french-election-one-of-emmanuel-macrons-aides-claims-so-10790024">"Is Russia interfering in the French election? One of Emmanuel Macron's aides claims so"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516031306/http://news.sky.com/story/is-russia-interfering-in-the-french-election-one-of-emmanuel-macrons-aides-claims-so-10790024">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Russia+interfering+in+the+French+election%3F+One+of+Emmanuel+Macron%27s+aides+claims+so&rft.pub=Sky+News&rft.date=2017-03-05&rft.au=Mark+Stone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fis-russia-interfering-in-the-french-election-one-of-emmanuel-macrons-aides-claims-so-10790024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/05/06/l-equipe-d-en-marche-fait-etat-d-une-action-de-piratage-massive-et-coordonnee_5123310_4854003.html">"En marche ! dénonce un piratage " massif et coordonné " de la campagne de Macron"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 6 May 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818133323/http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/05/06/l-equipe-d-en-marche-fait-etat-d-une-action-de-piratage-massive-et-coordonnee_5123310_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=En+marche+%21+d%C3%A9nonce+un+piratage+%22+massif+et+coordonn%C3%A9+%22+de+la+campagne+de+Macron&rft.date=2017-05-06&rft.issn=1950-6244&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Farticle%2F2017%2F05%2F06%2Fl-equipe-d-en-marche-fait-etat-d-une-action-de-piratage-massive-et-coordonnee_5123310_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/8599552-les-macron-leaks-itineraire-d-une-operation-de-destabilisation-politique.html">"Les 'Macron Leaks', itinéraire d'une opération de déstabilisation politique"</a>. rts.ch (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510080050/http://www.rts.ch/info/monde/8599552-les-macron-leaks-itineraire-d-une-operation-de-destabilisation-politique.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=rts.ch&rft.atitle=Les+%27Macron+Leaks%27%2C+itin%C3%A9raire+d%27une+op%C3%A9ration+de+d%C3%A9stabilisation+politique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.ch%2Finfo%2Fmonde%2F8599552-les-macron-leaks-itineraire-d-une-operation-de-destabilisation-politique.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Auchard_and_Bate_Felix2017" class="citation news cs1">Eric Auchard and Bate Felix (5 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-macron-leaks-idUSKBN1812AZ">"Macron's French presidential campaign emails leaked online"</a>. Reuters. 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Retrieved 6 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Macron%27s+French+presidential+campaign+emails+leaked+online&rft.date=2017-05-05&rft.au=Eric+Auchard+and+Bate+Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-election-macron-leaks-idUSKBN1812AZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-magazine-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-magazine_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-magazine_161-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/la-campagne-de-macron-cible-de-tentatives-de-piratages-de-hackers-russes-25-04-2017-2122486_3121.php">"La campagne de Macron cible de tentatives de piratage de hackers russes"</a>. Le Point (in French). 25 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802131539/http://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/la-campagne-de-macron-cible-de-tentatives-de-piratages-de-hackers-russes-25-04-2017-2122486_3121.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=La+campagne+de+Macron+cible+de+tentatives+de+piratage+de+hackers+russes&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpresidentielle%2Fla-campagne-de-macron-cible-de-tentatives-de-piratages-de-hackers-russes-25-04-2017-2122486_3121.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/31/wikileaks-releases-thousands-hacked-macron-campaign-emails/">"WikiLeaks releases thousands of hacked Macron campaign emails"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/31/wikileaks-releases-thousands-hacked-macron-campaign-emails/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=WikiLeaks+releases+thousands+of+hacked+Macron+campaign+emails&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F07%2F31%2Fwikileaks-releases-thousands-hacked-macron-campaign-emails%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-39802776">"French election: Macron takes action over offshore claims"</a>. BBC News. 4 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708001209/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-39802776">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=French+election%3A+Macron+takes+action+over+offshore+claims&rft.date=2017-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-39802776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__presidentielle-2017/(path)/presidentielle-2017/FE.html">"Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2017"</a>. interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__presidentielle-2017 (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710182843/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__presidentielle-2017/(path)/presidentielle-2017/FE.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interieur.gouv.fr%2FElections%2FLes-resultats%2FPresidentielles%2Felecresult__presidentielle-2017&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9sultats+de+l%27%C3%A9lection+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2FElections%2FLes-resultats%2FPresidentielles%2Felecresult__presidentielle-2017%2F%28path%29%2Fpresidentielle-2017%2FFE.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/05/08/97001-20170508FILWWW00010-macron-va-demissionner-de-la-presidence-d-en-marche.php">"Macron va démissionner de la présidence d'En marche!"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806100841/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/05/08/97001-20170508FILWWW00010-macron-va-demissionner-de-la-presidence-d-en-marche.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Macron+va+d%C3%A9missionner+de+la+pr%C3%A9sidence+d%27En+marche%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2017%2F05%2F08%2F97001-20170508FILWWW00010-macron-va-demissionner-de-la-presidence-d-en-marche.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latribune.fr/economie/france/les-577-candidats-de-la-republique-en-marche-seront-connus-jeudi-11-mai-707887.html">"Les 577 candidats de "La République en marche" seront connus jeudi 11 mai"</a>. La Tribune (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806062918/http://www.latribune.fr/economie/france/les-577-candidats-de-la-republique-en-marche-seront-connus-jeudi-11-mai-707887.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Tribune&rft.atitle=Les+577+candidats+de+%22La+R%C3%A9publique+en+marche%22+seront+connus+jeudi+11+mai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latribune.fr%2Feconomie%2Ffrance%2Fles-577-candidats-de-la-republique-en-marche-seront-connus-jeudi-11-mai-707887.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlowright2017" class="citation web cs1">Plowright, Adam (7 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/emmanuel-macron-a-39-year-old-political-prodigy/ar-BBAPpLW?ocid=News">"Emmanuel Macron: a 39-year-old political prodigy"</a>. MSN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925212653/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/emmanuel-macron-a-39-year-old-political-prodigy/ar-BBAPpLW?ocid=News/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emmanuel+Macron%3A+a+39-year-old+political+prodigy&rft.pub=MSN&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft.aulast=Plowright&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Femmanuel-macron-a-39-year-old-political-prodigy%2Far-BBAPpLW%3Focid%3DNews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/live/2017/05/07/suivez-la-soiree-electorale-en-direct_5123713_4854003.html">"En direct, Emmanuel Macron élu président: " Je défendrai la France, ses intérêts vitaux, son image ""</a>. Le Monde. 7 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170507173332/http://www.lemonde.fr//election-presidentielle-2017/live/2017/05/07/suivez-la-soiree-electorale-en-direct_5123713_4854003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=En+direct%2C+Emmanuel+Macron+%C3%A9lu+pr%C3%A9sident%3A+%22+Je+d%C3%A9fendrai+la+France%2C+ses+int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts+vitaux%2C+son+image+%22&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Felection-presidentielle-2017%2Flive%2F2017%2F05%2F07%2Fsuivez-la-soiree-electorale-en-direct_5123713_4854003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeicesterCorbet" class="citation news cs1">Leicester, John; Corbet, Sylvie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2017/05/07/tense-france-chooses-new-president">"Emmanuel Macron becomes France's youngest president"</a>. Toronto Sun. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729054502/http://www.torontosun.com/2017/05/07/tense-france-chooses-new-president">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+becomes+France%27s+youngest+president&rft.aulast=Leicester&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Corbet%2C+Sylvie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2017%2F05%2F07%2Ftense-france-chooses-new-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Napoleon-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Napoleon_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-macron-profile-idUSKBN1830XP">"Macron the mould-breaker – France's youngest leader since Napoleon"</a>. Reuters. 7 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706204150/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-macron-profile-idUSKBN1830XP">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Macron+the+mould-breaker+%E2%80%93+France%27s+youngest+leader+since+Napoleon&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-election-macron-profile-idUSKBN1830XP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.Sa2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">C.Sa (8 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/passation-de-pouvoir-francois-hollande-passera-le-flambeau-a-macron-dimanche-14-mai-08-05-2017-6928980.php">"Passation de pouvoir: François Hollande passera "le flambeau" à Macron dimanche 14 mai"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193831/http://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/passation-de-pouvoir-francois-hollande-passera-le-flambeau-a-macron-dimanche-14-mai-08-05-2017-6928980.php">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Passation+de+pouvoir%3A+Fran%C3%A7ois+Hollande+passera+%22le+flambeau%22+%C3%A0+Macron+dimanche+14+mai&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft.au=C.Sa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Felections%2Fpresidentielle%2Fpassation-de-pouvoir-francois-hollande-passera-le-flambeau-a-macron-dimanche-14-mai-08-05-2017-6928980.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-france3grammontstrzoda-172"><a href="#cite_ref-france3grammontstrzoda_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrammont2017" class="citation news cs1">Grammont, Stéphane (14 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bretagne/patrick-strzoda-ancien-prefet-bretagne-directeur-cabinet-emmanuel-macron-1253391.html">"Patrick Strzoda, ancien préfet de Bretagne, directeur de cabinet d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. France 3 Bretagne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709213254/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bretagne/patrick-strzoda-ancien-prefet-bretagne-directeur-cabinet-emmanuel-macron-1253391.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+3+Bretagne&rft.atitle=Patrick+Strzoda%2C+ancien+pr%C3%A9fet+de+Bretagne%2C+directeur+de+cabinet+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft.aulast=Grammont&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fbretagne%2Fpatrick-strzoda-ancien-prefet-bretagne-directeur-cabinet-emmanuel-macron-1253391.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bfmtvleparcours-173"><a href="#cite_ref-bfmtvleparcours_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenicaud2017" class="citation news cs1">Penicaud, Céline (14 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/le-parcours-fulgurant-d-ismael-emelien-le-nouveau-conseiller-special-d-emmanuel-macron-1163638.html">"Le parcours fulgurant d'Ismaël Emelien, le nouveau conseiller spécial d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+parcours+fulgurant+d%27Isma%C3%ABl+Emelien%2C+le+nouveau+conseiller+sp%C3%A9cial+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft.aulast=Penicaud&rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fpolitique%2Fle-parcours-fulgurant-d-ismael-emelien-le-nouveau-conseiller-special-d-emmanuel-macron-1163638.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/39923510">"France's Macron names Republican Philippe as PM"</a>. BBC News. 15 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515155455/http://www.bbc.com/news/39923510">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=France%27s+Macron+names+Republican+Philippe+as+PM&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2F39923510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2017/05/15/edouard-philippe-le-maire-les-republicains-du-havre-nomme-premier-ministre_5127912_823448.html">"Le premier ministre Philippe prépare " un gouvernement rassembleur de compétences ""</a>. Le Monde. 15 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515155709/http://www.lemonde.fr//politique/article/2017/05/15/edouard-philippe-le-maire-les-republicains-du-havre-nomme-premier-ministre_5127912_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+premier+ministre+Philippe+pr%C3%A9pare+%22+un+gouvernement+rassembleur+de+comp%C3%A9tences+%22&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2017%2F05%2F15%2Fedouard-philippe-le-maire-les-republicains-du-havre-nomme-premier-ministre_5127912_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarayan2017" class="citation news cs1">Narayan, Chandrika (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/15/world/macron-merkel-meeting/">"French President Macron heads to Berlin for his first official foreign visit"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516201950/http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/15/world/macron-merkel-meeting/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=French+President+Macron+heads+to+Berlin+for+his+first+official+foreign+visit&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.aulast=Narayan&rft.aufirst=Chandrika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F05%2F15%2Fworld%2Fmacron-merkel-meeting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/15/emmanuel-macron-call-eu-reform-heads-germany-first-foreign-trip/">"Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel pledge to draw up 'common road map' for Europe"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+and+Angela+Merkel+pledge+to+draw+up+%27common+road+map%27+for+Europe&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F05%2F15%2Femmanuel-macron-call-eu-reform-heads-germany-first-foreign-trip%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Legislatives/elecresult__legislatives-2017">"Résultats des élections législatives 2017"</a>. interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Legislatives/elecresult__legislatives-2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719225206/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Legislatives/elecresult__legislatives-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interieur.gouv.fr%2FElections%2FLes-resultats%2FLegislatives%2Felecresult__legislatives-2017&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9sultats+des+%C3%A9lections+l%C3%A9gislatives+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2FElections%2FLes-resultats%2FLegislatives%2Felecresult__legislatives-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/2112659/president-macrons-party-suffers-blow-french-senate-election">"Macron's government admits French Senate elections a 'failure'"</a>. South China Morning Post. 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Retrieved 8 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Macron%27s+government+admits+French+Senate+elections+a+%27failure%27&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle%2F2112659%2Fpresident-macrons-party-suffers-blow-french-senate-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53276582">"France's Macron picks Jean Castex as PM after Philippe resigns"</a>. BBC News. 3 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703235233/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53276582">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2020. 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Retrieved 29 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France%27s+Macron%2C+on+Eastern+Europe+trip%2C+to+raise+issue+of+cheap+labor&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.aulast=Vey&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rft.au=Kar-Gupta%2C+Sudip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-easteurope-macron%2Ffrances-macron-on-eastern-europe-trip-to-raise-issue-of-cheap-labor-idUSKBN1AN1G9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYtimetest-190"><a href="#cite_ref-NYtimetest_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2017" class="citation news cs1">Rubin, Alissa J. (31 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/world/europe/macron-france-labor-law.html">"France Unveils Contentious Labor Overhaul in Big Test for Macron"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061520/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/world/europe/macron-france-labor-law.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=France+Unveils+Contentious+Labor+Overhaul+in+Big+Test+for+Macron&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Alissa+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F31%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fmacron-france-labor-law.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Jennifer Thompson and Madison Marriage, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/15ee6080-3ade-11e7-821a-6027b8a20f23">Macron's reform agenda faces resistance</a>", Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803050805/https://www.ft.com/content/15ee6080-3ade-11e7-821a-6027b8a20f23">Archived</a> 3 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbet2017" class="citation web cs1">Corbet, Sylvie (23 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2017-05-23/macron-tries-to-sell-plan-to-reform-frances-labor-market">"Macron Tries to Sell Plan to Reform France's Labor Market"</a>. 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France 24. 3 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233320/http://www.france24.com/en/20170803-french-parliament-approves-macrons-labour-reforms">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017. 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Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083200/https://www.ft.com/content/479f84aa-faa6-11e7-9b32-d7d59aace167">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2018. 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Retrieved 11 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+takes+France+by+surprise+by+unveiling+%27voluntary+redundancy%27+plan+for+bloated+state+sector&rft.date=2018-02-02&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F02%2F02%2Femmanuel-macron-takes-france-surprise-unveiling-voluntary-redundancy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209061556/https://truenewssource.com/2019/12/08/france-resistance-to-change-grows-as-macron-vows-new-pension-plan/">"France's Resistance to Change Grows as Macron Vows New Pension Plan"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=French+government+adopts+pension+reform+by+decree&rft.date=2020-02-29&rft.aulast=Keohane&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fe83c5d6e-5b31-11ea-b0ab-339c2307bcd4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElzas2021" class="citation news cs1">Elzas, Sarah (13 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20210713-macron-to-revive-controversial-pension-overhaul-once-covid-is-under-control">"Macron to revive controversial pension overhaul once Covid is under control"</a>. 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France 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020102014/http://www.france24.com/en/20171018-french-parliament-tough-anti-terror-bill-controversial-macron">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017. 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BBC News. 7 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210190133/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-42982154">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2018. 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Retrieved 21 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Macron+%27wins+battle+of+the+alphas%27+in+handshake+with+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2017-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmacron-wins-battle-of-the-alphas-in-handshake-with-donald-trump-a3548836.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/29/macron-putin-share-perfunctory-handshake-embarking-diplomatic/">"Macron slams Russian media 'lies' during muscular exchange with Putin at Versailles"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/29/macron-putin-share-perfunctory-handshake-embarking-diplomatic/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Macron+slams+Russian+media+%27lies%27+during+muscular+exchange+with+Putin+at+Versailles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F05%2F29%2Fmacron-putin-share-perfunctory-handshake-embarking-diplomatic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40088898/macron-denounces-russian-media-on-putin-visit">"Macron denounces Russian media on Putin visit"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709134128/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40088898/macron-denounces-russian-media-on-putin-visit">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Macron+denounces+Russian+media+on+Putin+visit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-europe-40088898%2Fmacron-denounces-russian-media-on-putin-visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2017" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (29 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/29/macron-warns-putin-over-syria-in-frank-first-meeting-versailles">"Macron warns over Syrian chemical weapons in frank meeting with Putin"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721010359/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/29/macron-warns-putin-over-syria-in-frank-first-meeting-versailles">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2017. 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Retrieved 20 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%3A+Fighting+Islamist+terror+is+France%27s+top+priority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Femmanuel-macron-fighting-islamist-terror-is-frances-top-priority%2Fa-40281443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blackchristiannews.com/2020/02/frances-macron-urges-better-long-term-relations-with-russia/">"France's Macron urges better long-term relations with Russia"</a>. 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The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/25/iranian-foreign-minister-javad-zarif-arrives-biarritz-surprise/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iranian+foreign+minister+Javad+Zarif+arrives+in+Biarritz+in+surprise+visit+to+G7+leaders+summit&rft.date=2019-08-25&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Oliphant&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.au=Chazan%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F08%2F25%2Firanian-foreign-minister-javad-zarif-arrives-biarritz-surprise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennetierIrish2019" class="citation news cs1">Pennetier, Marine; Irish, John (25 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-china-idUSKCN1R61NF">"France seals multi-billion dollar deals with China, but questions Belt and Road project"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529223139/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-china-idUSKCN1R61NF">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France+seals+multi-billion+dollar+deals+with+China%2C+but+questions+Belt+and+Road+project&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft.aulast=Pennetier&rft.aufirst=Marine&rft.au=Irish%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-china-idUSKCN1R61NF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> Rym Momtaz, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-steals-trumps-thunder-with-chinese-airbus-order/">Macron steals Trump's thunder with Chinese Airbus order: France lands €30B aviation deal with Beijing</a>", POLITICO, 25 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326232439/https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-steals-trumps-thunder-with-chinese-airbus-order/">Archived</a> 26 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrish2020" class="citation news cs1">Irish, John (23 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-cyprus/macron-seeks-eu-sanctions-over-turkish-violations-in-greek-waters-idUSKCN24O12E">"Macron seeks EU sanctions over Turkish 'violations' in Greek waters"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723123747/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-cyprus/macron-seeks-eu-sanctions-over-turkish-violations-in-greek-waters-idUSKCN24O12E">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Macron+seeks+EU+sanctions+over+Turkish+%27violations%27+in+Greek+waters&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft.aulast=Irish&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-cyprus%2Fmacron-seeks-eu-sanctions-over-turkish-violations-in-greek-waters-idUSKCN24O12E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/france-macron-slams-turkey-criminal-role-libya-200630090915443.html">"France's Macron slams Turkey's 'criminal' role in Libya"</a>. 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The Japan Times. 20 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204022501/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/07/23/world/turkey-warns-egypt-libya-lashes-emmanuel-macrons-role/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. 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Associated Press. 5 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303150032/https://apnews.com/045a9b8eb0f7eb5adc33d1303fafa95d">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=France-Turkey+spat+over+Libya+arms+exposes+NATO%27s+limits&rft.date=2020-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F045a9b8eb0f7eb5adc33d1303fafa95d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley-Smith2021" class="citation news cs1">Riley-Smith, Ben (12 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/06/12/boris-johnson-infuriated-emmanuel-macron-suggested-northern/">"Boris Johnson infuriated after Emmanuel Macron suggested Northern Ireland was not part of UK"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/06/12/boris-johnson-infuriated-emmanuel-macron-suggested-northern/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. 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Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624231228/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/g7-brexit-emmanuel-macron-sausage-b1864963.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Brexit+row+deepens+as+Elysee+Palace+rejects+claims+of+Macron+confusion+over+Northern+Ireland&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft.aulast=Woodcock&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fg7-brexit-emmanuel-macron-sausage-b1864963.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/19/explainer-why-is-a-submarine-deal-sparking-a-diplomatic-crisis">"Explainer: Why is a submarine deal sparking a diplomatic crisis?"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203062439/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/19/explainer-why-is-a-submarine-deal-sparking-a-diplomatic-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Explainer%3A+Why+is+a+submarine+deal+sparking+a+diplomatic+crisis%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F9%2F19%2Fexplainer-why-is-a-submarine-deal-sparking-a-diplomatic-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-recall-241"><a href="#cite_ref-recall_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShields,_Bevan2021" class="citation news cs1">Shields, Bevan (18 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/france-recalls-its-ambassadors-to-australia-and-united-states-amid-submarine-fury-20210918-p58srt.html">"France recalls its ambassadors to Australia and United States amid submarine fury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917203917/https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/france-recalls-its-ambassadors-to-australia-and-united-states-amid-submarine-fury-20210918-p58srt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=France+recalls+its+ambassadors+to+Australia+and+United+States+amid+submarine+fury&rft.date=2021-09-18&rft.au=Shields%2C+Bevan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-recalls-its-ambassadors-to-australia-and-united-states-amid-submarine-fury-20210918-p58srt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadhamsAdghirniNussbaum2021" class="citation news cs1">Wadhams, Nick; Adghirni, Samy; Nussbaum, Ania (17 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-17/france-recalls-u-s-australian-ambassadors-over-submarine-row?srnd=premium&sref=CIpmV6x8">"France Recalls Its Ambassador to U.S. for First Time Over Subs"</a>. 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France 24. 22 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923071753/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210922-macron-biden-agree-to-soothe-tensions-after-submarine-row">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Macron%2C+Biden+agree+to+soothe+tensions+after+submarine+row&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20210922-macron-biden-agree-to-soothe-tensions-after-submarine-row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFung2021" class="citation web cs1">Fung, Katherine (21 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/read-joe-biden-emmanuel-macrons-rare-joint-statement-recent-rift-1631658">"Read Joe Biden and Emmanuel Macron's Rare Joint Statement on Recent Rift"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsweek.com">newsweek.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210925155123/https://www.newsweek.com/read-joe-biden-emmanuel-macrons-rare-joint-statement-recent-rift-1631658">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newsweek.com&rft.atitle=Read+Joe+Biden+and+Emmanuel+Macron%27s+Rare+Joint+Statement+on+Recent+Rift&rft.date=2021-09-21&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fread-joe-biden-emmanuel-macrons-rare-joint-statement-recent-rift-1631658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Macron-a-Roma-oggi-al-quirinale-la-firma-del-Trattato-bilaterale-f2bc83da-84d4-4026-b7a7-930e69a9dc54.html">"Trattato tra Italia e Francia: Draghi e Macron siglano l'intesa"</a>. rainews (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130100052/https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Macron-a-Roma-oggi-al-quirinale-la-firma-del-Trattato-bilaterale-f2bc83da-84d4-4026-b7a7-930e69a9dc54.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=rainews&rft.atitle=Trattato+tra+Italia+e+Francia%3A+Draghi+e+Macron+siglano+l%27intesa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainews.it%2Fdl%2Frainews%2Farticoli%2FMacron-a-Roma-oggi-al-quirinale-la-firma-del-Trattato-bilaterale-f2bc83da-84d4-4026-b7a7-930e69a9dc54.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2021/11/26/quirinale-treaty-can-a-new-french-italian-pact-shift-the-balance-of-power-in-europe">Quirinale treaty: Will a new French-Italian pact shift the balance of power in Europe?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125215709/https://www.euronews.com/2021/11/26/quirinale-treaty-can-a-new-french-italian-pact-shift-the-balance-of-power-in-europe">Archived</a> 25 January 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, EuroNews </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2022" class="citation web cs1">McGee, Luke (8 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/08/europe/macron-putin-french-election-analysis-intl-cmd/index.html">"Emmanuel Macron has a grand vision for the West. Putin has exposed the limits of his influence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429151953/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/08/europe/macron-putin-french-election-analysis-intl-cmd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+has+a+grand+vision+for+the+West.+Putin+has+exposed+the+limits+of+his+influence&rft.date=2022-04-08&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F04%2F08%2Feurope%2Fmacron-putin-french-election-analysis-intl-cmd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGijs2022" class="citation web cs1">Gijs, Camille (22 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-caution-war-if-dialogue-vlamimir-putin-russia/">"Macron: Keep talking to Putin to avoid 'new world war'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426202608/https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-caution-war-if-dialogue-vlamimir-putin-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico+Europe&rft.atitle=Macron%3A+Keep+talking+to+Putin+to+avoid+%27new+world+war%27&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft.aulast=Gijs&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Femmanuel-macron-caution-war-if-dialogue-vlamimir-putin-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lci.fr/elections/sondage-cote-de-popularite-emmanuel-macron-edouard-philippe-aupres-des-francais-deux-semaines-apres-son-election-2052720.html">"Popularité: Macron fait un peu mieux que Hollande, un peu moins bien que Sarkozy, deux semaines après l'élection"</a>. LCI (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802123350/http://www.lci.fr/elections/sondage-cote-de-popularite-emmanuel-macron-edouard-philippe-aupres-des-francais-deux-semaines-apres-son-election-2052720.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LCI&rft.atitle=Popularit%C3%A9%3A+Macron+fait+un+peu+mieux+que+Hollande%2C+un+peu+moins+bien+que+Sarkozy%2C+deux+semaines+apr%C3%A8s+l%27%C3%A9lection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lci.fr%2Felections%2Fsondage-cote-de-popularite-emmanuel-macron-edouard-philippe-aupres-des-francais-deux-semaines-apres-son-election-2052720.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe1.fr/politique/cote-de-popularite-62-des-francais-satisfaits-demmanuel-macron-president-sondage-3336650">"Cote de popularité: 62% des Français satisfaits d'Emmanuel Macron président (sondage)"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802163707/http://www.europe1.fr/politique/cote-de-popularite-62-des-francais-satisfaits-demmanuel-macron-president-sondage-3336650">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cote+de+popularit%C3%A9%3A+62%25+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+satisfaits+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+pr%C3%A9sident+%28sondage%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fcote-de-popularite-62-des-francais-satisfaits-demmanuel-macron-president-sondage-3336650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-macron-poll-idUSKBN19F0RC">"French President Macron, PM Philippe approval ratings rise: poll"</a>. Reuters. 24 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802164312/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-macron-poll-idUSKBN19F0RC">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=French+President+Macron%2C+PM+Philippe+approval+ratings+rise%3A+poll&rft.date=2017-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-macron-poll-idUSKBN19F0RC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/nouvelle-forte-baisse-de-la-popularite-d-emmanuel-macron-27-08-2017-2152465_20.php">"Nouvelle forte baisse de la popularité d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Le Point (in French). 27 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171031082512/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/nouvelle-forte-baisse-de-la-popularite-d-emmanuel-macron-27-08-2017-2152465_20.php">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Nouvelle+forte+baisse+de+la+popularit%C3%A9+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2017-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fnouvelle-forte-baisse-de-la-popularite-d-emmanuel-macron-27-08-2017-2152465_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sky.com/story/french-military-chief-pierre-de-villiers-resigns-after-clash-with-president-macron-10953603">"French military chief quits after Macron clash"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802163901/http://news.sky.com/story/french-military-chief-pierre-de-villiers-resigns-after-clash-with-president-macron-10953603">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+military+chief+quits+after+Macron+clash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Ffrench-military-chief-pierre-de-villiers-resigns-after-clash-with-president-macron-10953603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/07/27/macron-seizes-french-shipyards-block-italian-take-over/">"Macron seizes French shipyards to block Italian take-over"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/07/27/macron-seizes-french-shipyards-block-italian-take-over/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802134331/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/24/housing-benefit-cuts-add-to-fall-in-emmanuel-macrons-popularity">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Housing+benefit+cuts+spark+row+as+Emmanuel+Macron%27s+poll+ratings+fall&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjul%2F24%2Fhousing-benefit-cuts-add-to-fall-in-emmanuel-macrons-popularity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe1.fr/politique/regain-de-popularite-pour-emmanuel-macron-et-edouard-philippe-3446981">"Regain de popularité pour Emmanuel Macron et Édouard Philippe"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930051641/http://www.europe1.fr/politique/regain-de-popularite-pour-emmanuel-macron-et-edouard-philippe-3446981">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2017. 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Retrieved 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FranceInfo&rft.atitle=L%C3%A9gislatives%3A+pourquoi+Emmanuel+Macron+chiffre-t-il+%C3%A0+%27une+trentaine%27+les+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s+qui+lui+manquent+pour+la+majorit%C3%A9+absolue%2C+et+non+%C3%A0+44%3F&rft.date=2022-06-23&rft.aulast=Marie-Leconte&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Felections%2Flegislatives%2Flegislatives-pourquoi-emmanuel-macron-chiffre-t-il-a-une-trentaine-les-deputes-qui-lui-manquent-pour-la-majorite-absolue-et-non-a-44_5216347.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeprieck2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Deprieck, Matthieu (19 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lopinion.fr/politique/castaner-ferrand-mignola-la-majorite-presidentielle-decapitee">"Castaner, Ferrand, Mignola... la majorité présidentielle décapitée"</a>. l'Opinion (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624025427/https://www.lopinion.fr/politique/castaner-ferrand-mignola-la-majorite-presidentielle-decapitee">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=l%27Opinion&rft.atitle=Castaner%2C+Ferrand%2C+Mignola...+la+majorit%C3%A9+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+d%C3%A9capit%C3%A9e&rft.date=2022-06-19&rft.aulast=Deprieck&rft.aufirst=Matthieu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lopinion.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fcastaner-ferrand-mignola-la-majorite-presidentielle-decapitee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Robin, Julien (20 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/ministres-battus-aux-legislatives-ce-qua-change-la-regle-de-devoir-demissionner-apres-une-defaite-4118683#:~:text=Publicit%C3%A9-,Ministres%20battus%20aux%20l%C3%A9gislatives%20%3A%20ce%20qu%27a%20chang%C3%A9%20la%20r%C3%A8gle,%C3%A9crit%20mais%20repris%20depuis%202007.">"Ministres battus aux législatives: ce qu'a changé la règle de de voir démissionner après une défaite"</a>. Le JDD (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624025424/https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/ministres-battus-aux-legislatives-ce-qua-change-la-regle-de-devoir-demissionner-apres-une-defaite-4118683#:~:text=Publicit%C3%A9-,Ministres%20battus%20aux%20l%C3%A9gislatives%20%3A%20ce%20qu%27a%20chang%C3%A9%20la%20r%C3%A8gle,%C3%A9crit%20mais%20repris%20depuis%202007.">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+JDD&rft.atitle=Ministres+battus+aux+l%C3%A9gislatives%3A+ce+qu%27a+chang%C3%A9+la+r%C3%A8gle+de+de+voir+d%C3%A9missionner+apr%C3%A8s+une+d%C3%A9faite&rft.date=2022-06-20&rft.aulast=Robin&rft.aufirst=Julien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FPolitique%2Fministres-battus-aux-legislatives-ce-qua-change-la-regle-de-devoir-demissionner-apres-une-defaite-4118683%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPublicit%C3%A9-%2CMinistres%2520battus%2520aux%2520l%C3%A9gislatives%2520%253A%2520ce%2520qu%2527a%2520chang%C3%A9%2520la%2520r%C3%A8gle%2C%C3%A9crit%2520mais%2520repris%2520depuis%25202007.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220704-live-france-s-macron-to-reshuffle-cabinet-after-losing-parliamentary-majority">"Macron urges minority government to 'hang in there' after cabinet reshuffle"</a>. France 24. 4 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221214212549/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220704-live-france-s-macron-to-reshuffle-cabinet-after-losing-parliamentary-majority">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Macron+urges+minority+government+to+%27hang+in+there%27+after+cabinet+reshuffle&rft.date=2022-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Ffrance%2F20220704-live-france-s-macron-to-reshuffle-cabinet-after-losing-parliamentary-majority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelken2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nelken, Sacha (4 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/politique/damien-abad-de-la-prise-de-guerre-au-boulet-gouvernemental-en-un-mois-20220704_V4HJAY4YLFCBJFPSAILT6FJRLY/">"Damien Abad, de la prise de guerre au boulet gouvernemental en un mois"</a>. Libération (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610222702/https://www.liberation.fr/politique/damien-abad-de-la-prise-de-guerre-au-boulet-gouvernemental-en-un-mois-20220704_V4HJAY4YLFCBJFPSAILT6FJRLY/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Damien+Abad%2C+de+la+prise+de+guerre+au+boulet+gouvernemental+en+un+mois&rft.date=2022-07-04&rft.aulast=Nelken&rft.aufirst=Sacha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fdamien-abad-de-la-prise-de-guerre-au-boulet-gouvernemental-en-un-mois-20220704_V4HJAY4YLFCBJFPSAILT6FJRLY%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/incidents-lors-de-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-2022/incidents-au-stade-de-france-comment-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-s-est-transformee-en-crise-politique-et-diplomatique_5169994.html">"Incidents au Stade de France: comment la finale de la Ligue des champions s'est transformée en crise politique (et diplomatique)"</a>. FranceInfo (in French). 31 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610222700/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/incidents-lors-de-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-2022/incidents-au-stade-de-france-comment-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-s-est-transformee-en-crise-politique-et-diplomatique_5169994.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FranceInfo&rft.atitle=Incidents+au+Stade+de+France%3A+comment+la+finale+de+la+Ligue+des+champions+s%27est+transform%C3%A9e+en+crise+politique+%28et+diplomatique%29&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Ffaits-divers%2Fincidents-lors-de-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-2022%2Fincidents-au-stade-de-france-comment-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-s-est-transformee-en-crise-politique-et-diplomatique_5169994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/business-and-tech/20220722-france-s-hung-parliament-passes-20-bn-euro-inflation-package">"France's hung parliament passes 20-bn-euro inflation package"</a>. RFI. AFP. 22 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609170435/https://www.rfi.fr/en/business-and-tech/20220722-france-s-hung-parliament-passes-20-bn-euro-inflation-package">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=France%27s+hung+parliament+passes+20-bn-euro+inflation+package&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Fbusiness-and-tech%2F20220722-france-s-hung-parliament-passes-20-bn-euro-inflation-package&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220727-french-parliament-votes-to-end-covid-emergency-measures-border-control-still-possible">"French parliament votes to end Covid emergency measures, border control still possible"</a>. RFI. 27 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230613011715/https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220727-french-parliament-votes-to-end-covid-emergency-measures-border-control-still-possible">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=French+parliament+votes+to+end+Covid+emergency+measures%2C+border+control+still+possible&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Ffrance%2F20220727-french-parliament-votes-to-end-covid-emergency-measures-border-control-still-possible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMouterdePécout2022" class="citation news cs1">Mouterde, Perrine; Pécout, Adrien (17 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/05/17/french-government-passes-bill-to-accelerate-the-construction-of-new-nuclear-reactors_6026936_19.html">"French Parliament passes law to accelerate construction of new nuclear reactors"</a>. Le Monde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609170427/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/05/17/french-government-passes-bill-to-accelerate-the-construction-of-new-nuclear-reactors_6026936_19.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=French+Parliament+passes+law+to+accelerate+construction+of+new+nuclear+reactors&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft.aulast=Mouterde&rft.aufirst=Perrine&rft.au=P%C3%A9cout%2C+Adrien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Feconomy%2Farticle%2F2023%2F05%2F17%2Ffrench-government-passes-bill-to-accelerate-the-construction-of-new-nuclear-reactors_6026936_19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaranger2022" class="citation web cs1">Baranger, Denis (16 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.juspoliticum.com/2022/11/16/le-nouveau-visage-de-larticle-49-3-par-denis-baranger/">"Le nouveau visage de l'article 49-3"</a>. blog.juspoliticum.com. JP Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230728235103/https://blog.juspoliticum.com/2022/11/16/le-nouveau-visage-de-larticle-49-3-par-denis-baranger/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.juspoliticum.com&rft.atitle=Le+nouveau+visage+de+l%27article+49-3&rft.date=2022-11-16&rft.aulast=Baranger&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.juspoliticum.com%2F2022%2F11%2F16%2Fle-nouveau-visage-de-larticle-49-3-par-denis-baranger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/12/16/french-government-overrules-parliament-for-tenth-time-to-pass-budget_6007980_5.html">"French government overrules Parliament for tenth time to pass budget"</a>. Le Monde (in english). 16 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815141525/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/12/16/french-government-overrules-parliament-for-tenth-time-to-pass-budget_6007980_5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+%28in+english%29&rft.atitle=French+government+overrules+Parliament+for+tenth+time+to+pass+budget&rft.date=2022-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F2022%2F12%2F16%2Ffrench-government-overrules-parliament-for-tenth-time-to-pass-budget_6007980_5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/22/macron-arrives-in-new-caledonia-amid-calls-for-france-to-withdraw-voting-changes">"Macron arrives in New Caledonia amid calls for France to withdraw voting changes"</a>. The Guardian. 22 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530113517/https://theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/22/macron-arrives-in-new-caledonia-amid-calls-for-france-to-withdraw-voting-changes">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Macron+arrives+in+New+Caledonia+amid+calls+for+France+to+withdraw+voting+changes&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F22%2Fmacron-arrives-in-new-caledonia-amid-calls-for-france-to-withdraw-voting-changes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohenBreeden2023" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Roger; Breeden, Aurelien (20 March 2023) [16 March 2023]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/03/16/world/france-pension-vote">"France's Pension Plan: Macron Pushes French Pension Bill Through Without Full Vote"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609170434/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/03/16/world/france-pension-vote">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=France%27s+Pension+Plan%3A+Macron+Pushes+French+Pension+Bill+Through+Without+Full+Vote&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Breeden%2C+Aurelien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2023%2F03%2F16%2Fworld%2Ffrance-pension-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2023/03/21/a-neuf-voix-pres-la-principale-motion-de-censure-a-ete-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-nationale_6166305_823448.html">"" A neuf voix près ": La principale motion de censure a été rejetée à l'Assemblée nationale"</a>. Le Monde.fr. 21 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612090311/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2023/03/21/a-neuf-voix-pres-la-principale-motion-de-censure-a-ete-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-nationale_6166305_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=%22+A+neuf+voix+pr%C3%A8s+%22%3A+La+principale+motion+de+censure+a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+rejet%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+l%27Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft.date=2023-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2023%2F03%2F21%2Fa-neuf-voix-pres-la-principale-motion-de-censure-a-ete-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-nationale_6166305_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGentilhomme2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gentilhomme, Célestine (12 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/retraites-la-motion-de-censure-de-la-nupes-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-20230612">"Retraites: la motion de censure de la Nupes rejetée à l'Assemblée"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612174149/https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/retraites-la-motion-de-censure-de-la-nupes-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-20230612">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Retraites%3A+la+motion+de+censure+de+la+Nupes+rejet%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+l%27Assembl%C3%A9e&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft.aulast=Gentilhomme&rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9lestine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fretraites-la-motion-de-censure-de-la-nupes-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-20230612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230629-fresh-unrest-in-france-over-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen-driver">"At least 150 arrests in protests across France over police killing of teen"</a>. France 24. 29 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629204659/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230629-fresh-unrest-in-france-over-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen-driver">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=At+least+150+arrests+in+protests+across+France+over+police+killing+of+teen&rft.date=2023-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Ffrance%2F20230629-fresh-unrest-in-france-over-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen-driver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/europe/france-riots-nahel-shooting.html">"What's behind the unrest in France?"</a>. The New York Times. 29 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629204659/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/europe/france-riots-nahel-shooting.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+behind+the+unrest+in+France%3F&rft.date=2023-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F06%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-riots-nahel-shooting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMestre2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mestre, Abel (30 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/06/30/violences-urbaines-dans-une-circulaire-eric-dupond-moretti-demande-une-reponse-rapide-ferme-et-systematique-et-vise-notamment-les-parents_6180050_3224.html">"Violences urbaines: dans une circulaire, Eric Dupond-Moretti demande une réponse judiciaire " rapide, ferme et systématique " et vise notamment les parents"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230702002016/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/06/30/violences-urbaines-dans-une-circulaire-eric-dupond-moretti-demande-une-reponse-rapide-ferme-et-systematique-et-vise-notamment-les-parents_6180050_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Violences+urbaines%3A+dans+une+circulaire%2C+Eric+Dupond-Moretti+demande+une+r%C3%A9ponse+judiciaire+%22+rapide%2C+ferme+et+syst%C3%A9matique+%22+et+vise+notamment+les+parents&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft.aulast=Mestre&rft.aufirst=Abel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2023%2F06%2F30%2Fviolences-urbaines-dans-une-circulaire-eric-dupond-moretti-demande-une-reponse-rapide-ferme-et-systematique-et-vise-notamment-les-parents_6180050_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoor_HaqBerlinger2023" class="citation news cs1">Noor Haq, Sana; Berlinger, Joshua (1 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/30/europe/nanterre-france-police-protests-explainer-intl/index.html">"Protests are sweeping France. Here's what you need to know"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630235620/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/30/europe/nanterre-france-police-protests-explainer-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Protests+are+sweeping+France.+Here%27s+what+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft.aulast=Noor+Haq&rft.aufirst=Sana&rft.au=Berlinger%2C+Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F06%2F30%2Feurope%2Fnanterre-france-police-protests-explainer-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> Michel Rose (20 July 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-names-new-education-health-ministers-minor-cabinet-reshuffle-2023-07-20/">Macron reshuffles ministers after French riots "stunned" country</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722142814/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-names-new-education-health-ministers-minor-cabinet-reshuffle-2023-07-20/">Archived</a> 22 July 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/macron-presente-une-loi-de-programmation-militaire-2024-30-de-transformation-des-armees-20230120">"Macron présente une loi de programmation militaire 2024–30 de «transformation des armées»"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). 20 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815140610/https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/macron-presente-une-loi-de-programmation-militaire-2024-30-de-transformation-des-armees-20230120">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Macron+pr%C3%A9sente+une+loi+de+programmation+militaire+2024%E2%80%9330+de+%C2%ABtransformation+des+arm%C3%A9es%C2%BB&rft.date=2023-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Finternational%2Fmacron-presente-une-loi-de-programmation-militaire-2024-30-de-transformation-des-armees-20230120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/armee-et-securite/que-contient-la-nouvelle-loi-de-programmation-militaire-en-passe-d-etre-adoptee-par-le-parlement_5947694.html">"Que contient la nouvelle loi de programmation militaire, adoptée par le Parlement ?"</a>. France info (in French). 13 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230730143131/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/armee-et-securite/que-contient-la-nouvelle-loi-de-programmation-militaire-en-passe-d-etre-adoptee-par-le-parlement_5947694.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+info&rft.atitle=Que+contient+la+nouvelle+loi+de+programmation+militaire%2C+adopt%C3%A9e+par+le+Parlement+%3F&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Feconomie%2Femploi%2Fmetiers%2Farmee-et-securite%2Fque-contient-la-nouvelle-loi-de-programmation-militaire-en-passe-d-etre-adoptee-par-le-parlement_5947694.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-d-espagne-le-projet-de-loi-sur-l-immigration-rassemble-la-gauche-et-la-droite-contre-macron">"The immigration bill unites left and right against Macron"</a>. Courrier international (in French). 2 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824200530/https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-d-espagne-le-projet-de-loi-sur-l-immigration-rassemble-la-gauche-et-la-droite-contre-macron">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courrier+international&rft.atitle=The+immigration+bill+unites+left+and+right+against+Macron&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courrierinternational.com%2Farticle%2Fvu-d-espagne-le-projet-de-loi-sur-l-immigration-rassemble-la-gauche-et-la-droite-contre-macron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230426-french-pm-delays-immigration-bill-due-to-lack-of-parliamentary-majority">"French PM delays immigration bill due to lack of parliamentary majority"</a>. France 24. 26 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824202031/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230426-french-pm-delays-immigration-bill-due-to-lack-of-parliamentary-majority">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=French+PM+delays+immigration+bill+due+to+lack+of+parliamentary+majority&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Ffrance%2F20230426-french-pm-delays-immigration-bill-due-to-lack-of-parliamentary-majority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron-veut-reduire-significativement-limmigration-23-08-2023-LUXMT7SIK5E2JGHO74MZ55DM6Y.php">"Emmanuel Macron wants to " significantly reduce immigration ""</a>. Le Parisien (in French). 23 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824200529/https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron-veut-reduire-significativement-limmigration-23-08-2023-LUXMT7SIK5E2JGHO74MZ55DM6Y.php">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+wants+to+%22+significantly+reduce+immigration+%22&rft.date=2023-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Femmanuel-macron-veut-reduire-significativement-limmigration-23-08-2023-LUXMT7SIK5E2JGHO74MZ55DM6Y.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/20231211-french-parliament-rejects-macron-s-immigration-bill-in-surprise-vote">"French parliament rejects Macron's immigration bill in surprise vote"</a>. France 24. 11 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212011554/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20231211-french-parliament-rejects-macron-s-immigration-bill-in-surprise-vote">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=French+parliament+rejects+Macron%27s+immigration+bill+in+surprise+vote&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Ffrance%2F20231211-french-parliament-rejects-macron-s-immigration-bill-in-surprise-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-gerald-darmanin-immigration-bill-defeat/">"'End of reign': Macron faces ungovernable France after shock immigration loss"</a>. Politico. 12 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231213121049/https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-gerald-darmanin-immigration-bill-defeat/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=%27End+of+reign%27%3A+Macron+faces+ungovernable+France+after+shock+immigration+loss&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Femmanuel-macron-gerald-darmanin-immigration-bill-defeat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-lawmakers-seek-deal-tougher-migration-bill-2023-12-19/">"Tougher French immigration bill passes, Macron's parliament majority wobbles"</a>. Reuters. 20 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231219113024/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-lawmakers-seek-deal-tougher-migration-bill-2023-12-19/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tougher+French+immigration+bill+passes%2C+Macron%27s+parliament+majority+wobbles&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-lawmakers-seek-deal-tougher-migration-bill-2023-12-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/12/20/french-health-minister-resigns-over-macron-s-controversial-immigration-law_6360773_7.html#:~:text=Government%20spokesperson%20Olivier%20V%C3%A9ran%20said,territorial%20organization%20and%20health%20professions.">"French health minister resigns over Macron's controversial immigration law"</a>. Le Monde. 20 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222123022/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/12/20/french-health-minister-resigns-over-macron-s-controversial-immigration-law_6360773_7.html#:~:text=Government%20spokesperson%20Olivier%20V%C3%A9ran%20said,territorial%20organization%20and%20health%20professions.">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=French+health+minister+resigns+over+Macron%27s+controversial+immigration+law&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Ffrance%2Farticle%2F2023%2F12%2F20%2Ffrench-health-minister-resigns-over-macron-s-controversial-immigration-law_6360773_7.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DGovernment%2520spokesperson%2520Olivier%2520V%C3%A9ran%2520said%2Cterritorial%2520organization%2520and%2520health%2520professions.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231004-france-s-macron-promises-more-referendums">"France's Macron promises more referendums"</a>. France 24 (with AFP). 4 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008114235/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231004-france-s-macron-promises-more-referendums">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. 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Prima tappa a Irpin"</a>. la Repubblica (in Italian). 15 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616014802/https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2022/06/16/news/ucraina_draghi_macron_scholz_kiev_visita_viaggio_guerra-354107572/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=la+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Draghi%2C+Scholz+e+Macron+arrivano+a+Kiev.+Prima+tappa+a+Irpin&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Festeri%2F2022%2F06%2F16%2Fnews%2Fucraina_draghi_macron_scholz_kiev_visita_viaggio_guerra-354107572%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2022/09/22/tl-4p-macron-pt1-jake-tapper.cnn">"French President Macron tells Jake Tapper Russia's invasion of Ukraine is a "post Covid-19 consequence" and countries that do not align with Ukraine are complicit in a new wave of imperialism"</a>. CNN. 22 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928160438/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2022/09/22/tl-4p-macron-pt1-jake-tapper.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=French+President+Macron+tells+Jake+Tapper+Russia%27s+invasion+of+Ukraine+is+a+%22post+Covid-19+consequence%22+and+countries+that+do+not+align+with+Ukraine+are+complicit+in+a+new+wave+of+imperialism&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Ftv%2F2022%2F09%2F22%2Ftl-4p-macron-pt1-jake-tapper.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-06/macron-pledges-to-talk-tough-on-gas-with-us-when-g-7-meets">"Macron Pledges to Talk Tough on Gas When G-7 Meets"</a>. Bloomberg. 6 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009004957/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-06/macron-pledges-to-talk-tough-on-gas-with-us-when-g-7-meets">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Macron+Pledges+to+Talk+Tough+on+Gas+When+G-7+Meets&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-10-06%2Fmacron-pledges-to-talk-tough-on-gas-with-us-when-g-7-meets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-21/macron-accuses-us-of-trade-double-standard-amid-energy-crunch">"Macron Accuses US of Trade 'Double Standard' Amid Energy Crunch"</a>. Bloomberg. 21 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022010743/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-21/macron-accuses-us-of-trade-double-standard-amid-energy-crunch">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Macron+Accuses+US+of+Trade+%27Double+Standard%27+Amid+Energy+Crunch&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-10-21%2Fmacron-accuses-us-of-trade-double-standard-amid-energy-crunch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/usa/joe-biden/funerailles-d-elizabeth-ii-emmanuel-macron-rend-un-dernier-hommage-a-la-reine_5369542.html">"Funérailles d'Elizabeth II : Emmanuel Macron rend un dernier hommage à la reine"</a>. Franceinfo (in French). 19 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224172438/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/usa/joe-biden/funerailles-d-elizabeth-ii-emmanuel-macron-rend-un-dernier-hommage-a-la-reine_5369542.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Fun%C3%A9railles+d%27Elizabeth+II+%3A+Emmanuel+Macron+rend+un+dernier+hommage+%C3%A0+la+reine&rft.date=2022-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fmonde%2Fusa%2Fjoe-biden%2Ffunerailles-d-elizabeth-ii-emmanuel-macron-rend-un-dernier-hommage-a-la-reine_5369542.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrylls2023" class="citation news cs1">Grylls, George (24 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bien-sur-president-macron-will-be-at-coronation-v2fnflmv8">"Bien sûr! President Macron will be at King's coronation"</a>. The Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224172438/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bien-sur-president-macron-will-be-at-coronation-v2fnflmv8">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Bien+s%C3%BBr%21+President+Macron+will+be+at+King%27s+coronation&rft.date=2023-12-24&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Grylls&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fbien-sur-president-macron-will-be-at-coronation-v2fnflmv8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/10/23/macron-meets-meloni-on-her-first-day-of-office_6001494_4.html">"Macron meets Meloni on her first day in office"</a>. Le Monde. 23 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621112523/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/10/23/macron-meets-meloni-on-her-first-day-of-office_6001494_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Macron+meets+Meloni+on+her+first+day+in+office&rft.date=2022-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2022%2F10%2F23%2Fmacron-meets-meloni-on-her-first-day-of-office_6001494_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-peuja-322"><a href="#cite_ref-peuja_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderliniCaulcutt2023" class="citation web cs1">Anderlini, Jamil; Caulcutt, Clea (9 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-china-america-pressure-interview/">"Europe must resist pressure to become 'America's followers,' says Macron"</a>. politico.eu. POLITICO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409235622/https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-china-america-pressure-interview/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=politico.eu&rft.atitle=Europe+must+resist+pressure+to+become+%27America%27s+followers%2C%27+says+Macron&rft.date=2023-04-09&rft.aulast=Anderlini&rft.aufirst=Jamil&rft.au=Caulcutt%2C+Clea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Femmanuel-macron-china-america-pressure-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-f24out-323"><a href="#cite_ref-f24out_323-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230411-president-macron-to-visit-netherlands-amid-row-over-china-comments">"Macron outlines vision for 'European sovereignty' at a Hague speech disrupted by hecklers"</a>. FRANCE 24. AFP. 11 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531170024/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230411-president-macron-to-visit-netherlands-amid-row-over-china-comments">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Macron+outlines+vision+for+%27European+sovereignty%27+at+a+Hague+speech+disrupted+by+hecklers&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20230411-president-macron-to-visit-netherlands-amid-row-over-china-comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanke_VelaCamut2023" class="citation web cs1">Hanke Vela, Jakob; Camut, Nicolas (7 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608023631/https://www.politico.eu/article/74-percent-of-europeans-agree-with-french-president-emmanuel-macron-on-china-us-defense-report-shows/">"Most Europeans agree with Macron on China and US, report shows"</a>. politico.eu. Politico. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/74-percent-of-europeans-agree-with-french-president-emmanuel-macron-on-china-us-defense-report-shows/">the original</a> on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=politico.eu&rft.atitle=Most+Europeans+agree+with+Macron+on+China+and+US%2C+report+shows&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft.aulast=Hanke+Vela&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Camut%2C+Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2F74-percent-of-europeans-agree-with-french-president-emmanuel-macron-on-china-us-defense-report-shows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2023/02/08/ethiopia-s-prime-minister-wants-paris-to-invest_6014945_124.html">"Ethiopia's prime minister wants Paris to invest"</a>. Le Monde. 8 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723002239/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2023/02/08/ethiopia-s-prime-minister-wants-paris-to-invest_6014945_124.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Ethiopia%27s+prime+minister+wants+Paris+to+invest&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Fle-monde-africa%2Farticle%2F2023%2F02%2F08%2Fethiopia-s-prime-minister-wants-paris-to-invest_6014945_124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-f24slv-326"><a href="#cite_ref-f24slv_326-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHdkwDD0x7A">"REPLAY – En Slovaquie, Emmanuel Macron s'adresse aux Européens de l'Est • FRANCE 24"</a>. FRANCE 24. 31 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531170542/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHdkwDD0x7A">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=REPLAY+%E2%80%93+En+Slovaquie%2C+Emmanuel+Macron+s%27adresse+aux+Europ%C3%A9ens+de+l%27Est+%E2%80%A2+FRANCE+24&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DmHdkwDD0x7A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> misrepresented by Patrick Wintour of the Guardian as having occurred in Moldova at "an EU leaders conference" </li> <li id="cite_note-pwput-328"><a href="#cite_ref-pwput_328-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintour2023" class="citation news cs1">Wintour, Patrick (31 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531042409/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/31/macron-to-call-for-european-strategic-awakening-after-ukraine-invasion">"Negotiating with Putin may have to take priority over war crimes trial, says Macron"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/31/macron-to-call-for-european-strategic-awakening-after-ukraine-invasion">the original</a> on 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Negotiating+with+Putin+may+have+to+take+priority+over+war+crimes+trial%2C+says+Macron&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fmay%2F31%2Fmacron-to-call-for-european-strategic-awakening-after-ukraine-invasion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-intensify-arms-delivery-help-ukraine-counter-offensive-macron-2023-06-12/">"France to intensify arms delivery to help Ukraine counter-offensive"</a>. Reuters. 12 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725052640/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-intensify-arms-delivery-help-ukraine-counter-offensive-macron-2023-06-12/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France+to+intensify+arms+delivery+to+help+Ukraine+counter-offensive&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-intensify-arms-delivery-help-ukraine-counter-offensive-macron-2023-06-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/07/11/france-to-send-scalp-long-range-missiles-to-ukraine_6049285_4.html">"France to send SCALP long-range missiles to Ukraine"</a>. Le Monde. 11 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230714141456/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/07/11/france-to-send-scalp-long-range-missiles-to-ukraine_6049285_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=France+to+send+SCALP+long-range+missiles+to+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2023%2F07%2F11%2Ffrance-to-send-scalp-long-range-missiles-to-ukraine_6049285_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdlerLuckhurst2023" class="citation news cs1">Adler, Katya; Luckhurst, Toby (11 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67356581">"Macron calls on Israel to stop killing Gaza's women and babies"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111090738/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67356581">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Macron+calls+on+Israel+to+stop+killing+Gaza%27s+women+and+babies&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Katya&rft.au=Luckhurst%2C+Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-67356581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2023" class="citation news cs1">Porter, Catherine (22 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/22/world/europe/paris-climate-economy-conference.html">"Countries on Front Lines of Climate Change Seek New Lifeline in Paris"</a>. The New York Times. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623011616/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/22/world/europe/paris-climate-economy-conference.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Countries+on+Front+Lines+of+Climate+Change+Seek+New+Lifeline+in+Paris&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F06%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fparis-climate-economy-conference.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/the-interview/20230623-live-watch-our-exclusive-interview-with-france-s-macron-on-climate-solidarity">"Exclusive: Macron calls for international taxation system in push for climate solidarity"</a>. France24. 23 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710081614/https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/the-interview/20230623-live-watch-our-exclusive-interview-with-france-s-macron-on-climate-solidarity">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Macron+calls+for+international+taxation+system+in+push+for+climate+solidarity&rft.date=2023-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Ftv-shows%2Fthe-interview%2F20230623-live-watch-our-exclusive-interview-with-france-s-macron-on-climate-solidarity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/elysee/emeutes-en-france-emmanuel-macron-reporte-sa-visite-d-etat-en-allemagne_AN-202307010272.html">"Émeutes: Emmanuel Macron reporte sa visite d'état en Allemagne"</a> (in French). BFMTV (with AFP). 1 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701125210/https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/elysee/emeutes-en-france-emmanuel-macron-reporte-sa-visite-d-etat-en-allemagne_AN-202307010272.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89meutes%3A+Emmanuel+Macron+reporte+sa+visite+d%27%C3%A9tat+en+Allemagne&rft.pub=BFMTV+%28with+AFP%29&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fpolitique%2Felysee%2Femeutes-en-france-emmanuel-macron-reporte-sa-visite-d-etat-en-allemagne_AN-202307010272.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip/card/macron-urges-french-unity-in-response-to-hamas-attack-israeli-strikes-QkBi9GLnbPOsPpwTaJXH">"Macron Urges French Unity in Response to Hamas Attack, Israeli Airstrikes"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. 14 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018022212/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip/card/macron-urges-french-unity-in-response-to-hamas-attack-israeli-strikes-QkBi9GLnbPOsPpwTaJXH">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Macron+Urges+French+Unity+in+Response+to+Hamas+Attack%2C+Israeli+Airstrikes&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Flivecoverage%2Fisrael-hamas-war-gaza-strip%2Fcard%2Fmacron-urges-french-unity-in-response-to-hamas-attack-israeli-strikes-QkBi9GLnbPOsPpwTaJXH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/18/alain-gresh-macrons-party-has-a-strong-anti-palestinian-position">"Alain Gresh: 'Macron's party has a strong anti-Palestinian position'"</a>. Al Jazeera. 18 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022020204/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/18/alain-gresh-macrons-party-has-a-strong-anti-palestinian-position">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Alain+Gresh%3A+%27Macron%27s+party+has+a+strong+anti-Palestinian+position%27&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F18%2Falain-gresh-macrons-party-has-a-strong-anti-palestinian-position&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/10/macron-says-no-justification-for-bombing-civilians-as-he-calls-for-gaza-ceasefire">"Macron says 'no justification' for bombing civilians as he calls for Gaza ceasefire"</a>. The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 10 November 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1756-3224">1756-3224</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111080049/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/10/macron-says-no-justification-for-bombing-civilians-as-he-calls-for-gaza-ceasefire">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Macron+says+%27no+justification%27+for+bombing+civilians+as+he+calls+for+Gaza+ceasefire&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft.issn=1756-3224&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fnov%2F10%2Fmacron-says-no-justification-for-bombing-civilians-as-he-calls-for-gaza-ceasefire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68417223">"Nato allies reject Emmanuel Macron idea of troops to Ukraine"</a>. BBC News. 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nato+allies+reject+Emmanuel+Macron+idea+of+troops+to+Ukraine&rft.date=2024-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-68417223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacy_MeichtryBertrand_Benoit" class="citation news cs1">Stacy Meichtry; Bertrand Benoit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/macron-permits-ukraine-to-use-french-missiles-to-strike-inside-russia/ar-BB1ndhNf">"EU pushing to boost military aid to Ukraine"</a>. MSN. The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=EU+pushing+to+boost+military+aid+to+Ukraine&rft.au=Stacy+Meichtry&rft.au=Bertrand+Benoit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmacron-permits-ukraine-to-use-french-missiles-to-strike-inside-russia%2Far-BB1ndhNf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/macron-says-ukraine-ceasefire-must-not-mean-surrender-as-trump-claims-russia-wants-to-end-this-war-13316535">"Macron says Ukraine ceasefire 'must not mean surrender' - as Trump claims Russia wants 'to end this war'"</a>. Sky News. 25 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Macron+says+Ukraine+ceasefire+%27must+not+mean+surrender%27+-+as+Trump+claims+Russia+wants+%27to+end+this+war%27&rft.date=2025-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fmacron-says-ukraine-ceasefire-must-not-mean-surrender-as-trump-claims-russia-wants-to-end-this-war-13316535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuardianUberFiles-341"><a href="#cite_ref-GuardianUberFiles_341-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisDaviesO'CarrollGoodley2022" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Paul; Davies, Harry; O'Carroll, Lisa; Goodley, Simon; Lawrence, Felicity (10 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/10/uber-files-leak-reveals-global-lobbying-campaign">"Uber broke laws, duped police and secretly lobbied governments, leak reveals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813081826/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/10/uber-files-leak-reveals-global-lobbying-campaign">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Uber+broke+laws%2C+duped+police+and+secretly+lobbied+governments%2C+leak+reveals&rft.date=2022-07-10&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Davies%2C+Harry&rft.au=O%27Carroll%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Goodley%2C+Simon&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+Felicity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2Fjul%2F10%2Fuber-files-leak-reveals-global-lobbying-campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UberFilesInquiryCalls-342"><a href="#cite_ref-UberFilesInquiryCalls_342-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankinChrisafis" class="citation news cs1">Rankin, Jennifer; Chrisafis, Angelique. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/11/uber-files-france-calls-for-inquiry-into-emmanuel-macron-links-to-lobbying">"'A state scandal': calls for inquiry into Macron's links to Uber lobbying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712111420/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/11/uber-files-france-calls-for-inquiry-into-emmanuel-macron-links-to-lobbying">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27A+state+scandal%27%3A+calls+for+inquiry+into+Macron%27s+links+to+Uber+lobbying&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Chrisafis%2C+Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2Fjul%2F11%2Fuber-files-france-calls-for-inquiry-into-emmanuel-macron-links-to-lobbying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UberDefence-343">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UberDefence_343-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UberDefence_343-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UberDefence_343-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2022" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (12 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/12/emmanuel-macron-proud-of-supporting-ubers-lobbying-drive-in-france">"Emmanuel Macron 'proud' of supporting Uber's lobbying drive in France"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220714225607/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/12/emmanuel-macron-proud-of-supporting-ubers-lobbying-drive-in-france">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+%27proud%27+of+supporting+Uber%27s+lobbying+drive+in+France&rft.date=2022-07-12&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2Fjul%2F12%2Femmanuel-macron-proud-of-supporting-ubers-lobbying-drive-in-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108185028/https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2017/06/15/radio_ser_principat_d_andorra/1497535100_769916.html">"Macron promet la Constitució a través del seu representant a Casa de la Vall"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2017/06/15/radio_ser_principat_d_andorra/1497535100_769916.html">the original</a> on 8 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macron+promet+la+Constituci%C3%B3+a+trav%C3%A9s+del+seu+representant+a+Casa+de+la+Vall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadenaser.com%2Femisora%2F2017%2F06%2F15%2Fradio_ser_principat_d_andorra%2F1497535100_769916.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lindependant.fr/2020/05/14/coronavirus-face-a-la-crise-landorre-demande-de-laide-a-la-france-qui-lui-envoie-une-fin-de-non-recevoir,8887922.php">"Coronavirus: Face à la crise, l'Andorre demande de l'aide à la France, qui lui envoie une fin de non-recevoir"</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%27Ind%C3%A9pendant_(Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales)" title="L'Indépendant (Pyrénées-Orientales)">L'Indépendant</a>. 14 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221117083715/https://www.lindependant.fr/2020/05/14/coronavirus-face-a-la-crise-landorre-demande-de-laide-a-la-france-qui-lui-envoie-une-fin-de-non-recevoir,8887922.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Ind%C3%A9pendant&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Face+%C3%A0+la+crise%2C+l%27Andorre+demande+de+l%27aide+%C3%A0+la+France%2C+qui+lui+envoie+une+fin+de+non-recevoir&rft.date=2020-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lindependant.fr%2F2020%2F05%2F14%2Fcoronavirus-face-a-la-crise-landorre-demande-de-laide-a-la-france-qui-lui-envoie-une-fin-de-non-recevoir%2C8887922.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/actu-people/personnalites/video-les-images-du-mariage-d-emmanuel-macron-et-de-brigitte-trogneux-diffusees-22-11-2016-6360852.php">VIDEO. Les images du mariage d'Emmanuel Macron et de Brigitte Trogneux, diffusées</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180209190109/http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/actu-people/personnalites/video-les-images-du-mariage-d-emmanuel-macron-et-de-brigitte-trogneux-diffusees-22-11-2016-6360852.php">Archived</a> 9 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Le Parisien (in French)(22 November 2016). </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/politics/e0016900/emmanuel_macron_e01690000000000.htm">"Emmanuel Macron – The new French minister of the economy"</a>. Cosmopolis. 27 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608051014/https://cosmopolis.ch/emmanuel-macron/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020. 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Retrieved 8 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%27s+Unexpected+Shot+at+the+French+Presidency&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=Serhan&rft.aufirst=Yasmeen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fnews%2Farchive%2F2017%2F02%2Fmacron-economics%2F515919%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDruckerman2017" class="citation news cs1">Druckerman, Pamela (2 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/02/opinion/sex-and-the-french-elections.html">"Sex and the French Elections"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812082358/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/02/opinion/sex-and-the-french-elections.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sex+and+the+French+Elections&rft.date=2017-02-02&rft.aulast=Druckerman&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F02%2F02%2Fopinion%2Fsex-and-the-french-elections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/emmanuel-macron-frances-enigmatic-aspirant/news-story/724b43697a1ab5884d767e1abf142954">"Emmanuel Macron Enigmatic Aspirant"</a>. The Australian. 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Retrieved 27 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linternaute&rft.atitle=Brigitte+Macron+%E2%80%93+Trogneux%3A+le+r%C3%B4le+essentiel+de+la+femme+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linternaute.com%2Factualite%2Fpersonnalites%2F1199177-brigitte-macron-trogneux-le-role-essentiel-de-la-femme-d-emmanuel-macron%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elysee.fr/en/brigitte-macron">"Brigitte Macron"</a>. Élysée. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241211143426/https://www.elysee.fr/en/brigitte-macron">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89lys%C3%A9e&rft.atitle=Brigitte+Macron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elysee.fr%2Fen%2Fbrigitte-macron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2021" class="citation web cs1">Samuel, Henry (18 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114172857/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/11/18/macron-has-trouble-imposing-authority-has-no-children-sarkozy/">"Emmanuel Macron lacks authority because he has no children, says Nicolas Sarkozy"</a>. The Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/11/18/macron-has-trouble-imposing-authority-has-no-children-sarkozy">the original</a> on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+lacks+authority+because+he+has+no+children%2C+says+Nicolas+Sarkozy&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2021%2F11%2F18%2Fmacron-has-trouble-imposing-authority-has-no-children-sarkozy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZlj2MLjjN4">"Macron, one year on: What's changed in France?"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 August 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macron%2C+one+year+on%3A+What%27s+changed+in+France%3F&rft.pub=FRANCE+24+English&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DWZlj2MLjjN4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemondeobit-355"><a href="#cite_ref-lemondeobit_355-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacqué2011" class="citation news cs1">Bacqué, Raphaëlle (6 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2016/11/06/henry-hermand-mentor-de-macron-est-mort_5026284_3382.html">"Henry Hermand, acteur de la deuxième gauche et mentor d'Emmanuel Macron, est mort"</a>. Le Monde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170416192629/http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2016/11/06/henry-hermand-mentor-de-macron-est-mort_5026284_3382.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. <q>Il avait enfin aidé Emmanuel Macron, personnellement d'abord par un prêt de 550 000 euros afin que le jeune inspecteur des finances acquière son premier appartement parisien, puis politiquement en abritant récemment dans ses bureaux les premiers militants d'En marche, l'association qui œuvre aujourd'hui à la candidature de l'ancien ministre de l'économie.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Henry+Hermand%2C+acteur+de+la+deuxi%C3%A8me+gauche+et+mentor+d%27Emmanuel+Macron%2C+est+mort&rft.date=2011-11-06&rft.aulast=Bacqu%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Rapha%C3%ABlle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fdisparitions%2Farticle%2F2016%2F11%2F06%2Fhenry-hermand-mentor-de-macron-est-mort_5026284_3382.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libeobit-356"><a href="#cite_ref-libeobit_356-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaulin2016" class="citation news cs1">Raulin, Nathalie (7 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/11/07/deces-de-henry-hermand-le-bienfaiteur-de-macron_1526717">"Décès de Henry Hermand, le bienfaiteur de Macron"</a>. Libération. Retrieved 28 April 2017. <q>Quelques années plus tard, il accordera au jeune inspecteur des finances un prêt personnel de 550 000 euros pour financer l'achat de son premier appartement parisien. Enthousiasmé par le lancement d'En Marche, il héberge dans ses bureaux parisiens le mouvement naissant, avant que ce dernier ne déménage tour Montparnasse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s+de+Henry+Hermand%2C+le+bienfaiteur+de+Macron&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Raulin&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2016%2F11%2F07%2Fdeces-de-henry-hermand-le-bienfaiteur-de-macron_1526717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrissette2016" class="citation book cs1">Prissette, Nicolas (2016). Emmanuel Macron en marche vers l'Élysée. France: Plon. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-259-25153-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-259-25153-2"><bdi>978-2-259-25153-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emmanuel+Macron+en+marche+vers+l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e&rft.place=France&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-2-259-25153-2&rft.aulast=Prissette&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFulda2017" class="citation book cs1">Fulda, Anne (2017). Emmanuel Macron, un jeune homme si parfait. 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Le Figaro (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802125036/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2012/12/13/01002-20121213ARTFIG00586-emmanuel-macron-le-cerveau-droit-de-hollande.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron%3A+Le+cerveau+droit+de+Hollande&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft.aulast=Fulda&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2012%2F12%2F13%2F01002-20121213ARTFIG00586-emmanuel-macron-le-cerveau-droit-de-hollande.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/04/opinion/france-presidential-election-debate.html">"In France, a Stark Debate and a Stark Choice"</a>. 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NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620120001/http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2017/05/09/527577050/something-you-didnt-know-about-emmanuel-macron-hes-a-pianist">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Something+You+Didn%27t+Know+About+Emmanuel+Macron%3A+He%27s+A+Pianist&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Tsioulcas&rft.aufirst=Anastasia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Ftherecord%2F2017%2F05%2F09%2F527577050%2Fsomething-you-didnt-know-about-emmanuel-macron-hes-a-pianist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classiquenews.com/la-culture-selon-emmanuel-macron-grand-entretien-pour-classiquenews/">"La Culture selon Emmanuel Macron. Grand entretien pour classiquenews"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=wam.ae&rft.atitle=UAE+President+meets+with+French+Republic+President&rft.date=2022-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwam.ae%2Fen%2Fdetails%2F1395303067144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/RoyalArjan/status/1645851357860044802">"Twitter"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRoyalArjan%2Fstatus%2F1645851357860044802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/staatsbezoeken/inkomende-staatsbezoeken/president-frankrijk/dinsdag-11-april">Staatsbezoek president Frankrijk: Dinsdag 11 april, Amsterdam en Den Haag</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412120433/https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/staatsbezoeken/inkomende-staatsbezoeken/president-frankrijk/dinsdag-11-april">Archived</a> 12 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – website of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_royal_house" title="Dutch royal house">Dutch royal house</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voici.fr/news-people/charles-iii-a-paris-cette-grande-decision-prise-pour-proteger-brigitte-macron-zaptv-766419">"Charles III à Paris : Cette grande décision prise pour protéger Brigitte Macron (ZAPTV) - Voici"</a>. 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+III+%C3%A0+Paris+%3A+Cette+grande+d%C3%A9cision+prise+pour+prot%C3%A9ger+Brigitte+Macron+%28ZAPTV%29+-+Voici&rft.date=2023-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voici.fr%2Fnews-people%2Fcharles-iii-a-paris-cette-grande-decision-prise-pour-proteger-brigitte-macron-zaptv-766419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kungahuset.se/arkiv/nyheter/2024-01-31-statsbesok-fran-frankrike">"Statsbesök från Frankrike"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statsbes%C3%B6k+fr%C3%A5n+Frankrike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Farkiv%2Fnyheter%2F2024-01-31-statsbesok-fran-frankrike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jurnal.md/ro/news/6a63a14199b35a50/maia-sandu-i-a-oferit-lui-macron-ordinul-republicii-iar-liderul-francez-i-a-acordat-cea-mai-inalta-distinctie-a-frantei.html">"Maia Sandu i-a oferit lui Macron "Ordinul Republicii", iar liderul francez i-a acordat cea mai înaltă distincție a Franței"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maia+Sandu+i-a+oferit+lui+Macron+%22Ordinul+Republicii%22%2C+iar+liderul+francez+i-a+acordat+cea+mai+%C3%AEnalt%C4%83+distinc%C8%9Bie+a+Fran%C8%9Bei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurnal.md%2Fro%2Fnews%2F6a63a14199b35a50%2Fmaia-sandu-i-a-oferit-lui-macron-ordinul-republicii-iar-liderul-francez-i-a-acordat-cea-mai-inalta-distinctie-a-frantei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011710/http://www.sintese.com/norma_integra.asp?id=15133">"Decreto"</a>. 19 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sintese.com/norma_integra.asp?id=15133">the original</a> on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decreto&rft.date=2012-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sintese.com%2Fnorma_integra.asp%3Fid%3D15133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/lula-condecora-macron-com-a-ordem-nacional-do-cruzeiro-do-sul">"Lula condecora Macron com a Ordem Nacional do Cruzeiro do Sul"</a>. Métropoles.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9tropoles&rft.atitle=Lula+condecora+Macron+com+a+Ordem+Nacional+do+Cruzeiro+do+Sul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metropoles.com%2Fbrasil%2Flula-condecora-macron-com-a-ordem-nacional-do-cruzeiro-do-sul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-394">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_394-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_394-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bopa.ad/Documents/Detall?doc=GD_2024_07_11_14_39_27">"Decreto"</a>. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decreto&rft.date=2012-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopa.ad%2FDocuments%2FDetall%3Fdoc%3DGD_2024_07_11_14_39_27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/ioc/news/olympic-order-awarded-to-french-president-emmanuel-macron">"Olympic Order awarded to French President Emmanuel Macron"</a>. Olympics.com. 29 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympics.com&rft.atitle=Olympic+Order+awarded+to+French+President+Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2024-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fioc%2Fnews%2Folympic-order-awarded-to-french-president-emmanuel-macron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNDIONGUE2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">NDIONGUE, Mouhamet (23 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maroc-diplomatique.net/macron-sadressera-au-parlement-et-recevra-lordre-de-souverainete/">"Macron s'adressera au Parlement et recevra l'Ordre de Souveraineté"</a>. Maroc Diplomatique (in French). Retrieved 30 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maroc+Diplomatique&rft.atitle=Macron+s%27adressera+au+Parlement+et+recevra+l%27Ordre+de+Souverainet%C3%A9&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft.aulast=NDIONGUE&rft.aufirst=Mouhamet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaroc-diplomatique.net%2Fmacron-sadressera-au-parlement-et-recevra-lordre-de-souverainete%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tagesschau.de_2023-397"><a href="#cite_ref-tagesschau.de_2023_397-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/regional/nordrheinwestfalen/wdr-story-54387.html">"Westfälischer Friedenspreis für Macron"</a>. tagesschau.de (in German). 3 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tagesschau.de&rft.atitle=Westf%C3%A4lischer+Friedenspreis+f%C3%BCr+Macron&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finland%2Fregional%2Fnordrheinwestfalen%2Fwdr-story-54387.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li>Chamorel, Patrick. "Macron versus the yellow vests". Journal of Democracy 30.4 (2019): 48–62. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2019.0068">10.1353/jod.2019.0068</a>.</li> <li>Chopin, Thierry. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/doc/lettres/lettre-804-en.pdf">Emmanuel Macron, France and Europe 'France is back in Europe': on which terms</a>". (Fondation Robert Schuman, 2018).</li> <li>Chopin, Thierry, and Samuel BH Faure. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2021/number/2/article/presidential-election-2022-a-euroclash-between-a-liberal-and-a-neo-nationalist-france-is-coming.html">Presidential Election 2022: A Euroclash Between a "Liberal" and a "Neo-Nationalist" France Is Coming</a>". Intereconomics 2021.2 (2021): 75–81.</li> <li>Cole, Alistair. Emmanuel Macron and the two years that changed France. (Manchester University Press, 2020).</li> <li>Elgie, Robert. "The election of Emmanuel Macron and the new French party system: a return to the éternel marais?". Modern & Contemporary France 26.1 (2018): 15–29.</li> <li>Hewlett, Nick. "The phantom revolution. The presidential and parliamentary elections of 2017". Modern & Contemporary France 25.4 (2017): 377–390.</li> <li>Kutsenko, Andrii. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psssj.eu/index.php/ojsdata/article/download/32/45">Emmanuel Macron and Franco-Russian relations at the present stage</a>". Political Science and Security Studies Journal 1.1 (2020): 94–100. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.4553586">10.5281/zenodo.4553586</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayaffre2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Damon_Mayaffre" title="Damon Mayaffre">Mayaffre, Damon</a> (2021). Macron ou le mystère du verbe: Ses discours décryptés par la machine (in French). La tour d'Aigues: Les éditions de l'Aube. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8159-3746-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8159-3746-7"><bdi>978-2-8159-3746-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macron+ou+le+myst%C3%A8re+du+verbe%3A+Ses+discours+d%C3%A9crypt%C3%A9s+par+la+machine&rft.place=La+tour+d%27Aigues&rft.pub=Les+%C3%A9ditions+de+l%27Aube&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-2-8159-3746-7&rft.aulast=Mayaffre&rft.aufirst=Damon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Nougayrède, Natalie. "France's Gamble: As America Retreats, Macron Steps up". Foreign Affairs 96 (2017): 2+</li> <li>Pedder, Sophie. Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the quest to reinvent a nation (Bloomsbury, 2018).</li> <li>Perottino, Michel, and Guasti, Petra. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/viewFile/3412/3412">Technocratic populism à la française? The roots and mechanisms of Emmanuel Macron's success</a>". Politics and Governance 8.4 (2020): 545–555. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17645%2Fpag.v8i4.3412">10.17645/pag.v8i4.3412</a>.</li> <li>Tiersky, Ronald. "Macron's World: How the New President Is Remaking France". Foreign Affairs. 97 (2018): 87+.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" class="extiw" title="commons:Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 34px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="34" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Emmanuel_Macron" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?107929">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmanuel_Carrère2017" class="citation news cs1">Emmanuel Carrère (20 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/oct/20/emmanuel-macron-orbiting-jupiter-emmanuel-carrere">"Orbiting Jupiter: My Week with Emmanuel Macron"</a>. The Guardian. "Is France's new president a political miracle, or a mirage that is already fading away?".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Orbiting+Jupiter%3A+My+Week+with+Emmanuel+Macron&rft.pages=%22Is+France%27s+new+president+a+political+miracle%2C+or+a+mirage+that+is+already+fading+away%3F%22&rft.date=2017-10-20&rft.au=Emmanuel+Carr%C3%A8re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2Foct%2F20%2Femmanuel-macron-orbiting-jupiter-emmanuel-carrere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmmanuel+Macron" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Jean Castex</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President of France">Deputy Secretary-General to the President</a> 2012–2014 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Revel" title="Nicolas Revel">Nicolas Revel</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Boone" title="Laurence Boone">Laurence Boone</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Economy_and_Finance_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Economy and Finance (France)">Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs</a> 2014–2016 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Michel Sapin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> 2017–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New political party </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">President of En Marche</a> 2016–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Barbaroux" title="Catherine Barbaroux">Catherine Barbaroux</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Co-Prince of Andorra</a> 2017–present Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Joan_Enric_Vives_Sic%C3%ADlia" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Enric Vives Sicília">Joan Enric Vives Sicília</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Canon">Honorary Canon</a> <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_St._John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbasilica of St. John Lateran">of the Papal Basilicas of</a> <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_St._John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbasilica of St. John Lateran">St. John Lateran and</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter</a> 2017–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">Group of Seven</a> 2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> (2021)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">First </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/French_order_of_precedence" title="French order of precedence">French order of precedence</a> as President of the Republic </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></div>as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Macron&oldid=1277824629">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Macron&oldid=1277824629</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Macron&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 26 February 2025, at 22:34 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%91%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8D_%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%95" title="ኢማኑኤል ማክሮን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢማኑኤል ማክሮን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Макрон, Еммануель – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Макрон, Еммануель" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="إيمانويل ماكرون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيمانويل ماكرون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A7%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Էմանուէլ Մաքրոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Էմանուէլ Մաքրոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Makron" title="Emmanuel Makron – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Emmanuel Makron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="امانوئل ماکرون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="امانوئل ماکرون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%81" title="এমানুয়েল মাক্রোঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এমানুয়েল মাক্রোঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эманюэль Макрон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эманюэль Макрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эманюэль Макрон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эманюэль Макрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82" title="इमानुएल माक्रों – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इमानुएल माक्रों" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Еманюел Макрон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еманюел Макрон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86" title="إمانويل ماكخون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إمانويل ماكخون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Εμανουέλ Μακρόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμανουέλ Μακρόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="امانوئل مکرون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امانوئل مکرون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A7%88%EB%89%98%EC%97%98_%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%B1" title="에마뉘엘 마크롱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에마뉘엘 마크롱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Էմանուել Մակրոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էմանուել Մակրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82" title="इमैनुएल मैक्रों – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इमैनुएल मैक्रों" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="עמנואל מקרון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמנואל מקרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಮ್ಮಾನ್ಯುವೆಲ್ ಮಾಕ್ರೋನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಮ್ಮಾನ್ಯುವೆಲ್ ಮಾಕ್ರೋನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ემანუელ მაკრონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემანუელ მაკრონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эммануэль Макрон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эммануэль Макрон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эммануэль Макрон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эммануэль Макрон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эммануэль Макрон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эммануэль Макрон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuels_Makrons" title="Emanuels Makrons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Emanuels Makrons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Емануел Макрон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Емануел Макрон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഇമ്മാനുവൽ മാക്രോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇമ്മാനുവൽ മാക്രോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="इमॅन्युएल मॅक्राँ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इमॅन्युएल मॅक्राँ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ემანუელ მაკრონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ემანუელ მაკრონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ايمانويل ماكرون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايمانويل ماكرون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="امانوئل ماکرون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="امانوئل ماکرون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эмманюэл Макрон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эмманюэл Макрон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အီမန်နျူရယ် မက်ခရွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီမန်နျူရယ် မက်ခရွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%81" title="एमानुएल माक्रोँ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एमानुएल माक्रोँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="エマニュエル・マクロン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エマニュエル・マクロン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82" title="ਇਮੈਨੂਅਲ ਮੈਕਰੋਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਮੈਨੂਅਲ ਮੈਕਰੋਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="عمانوئیل میکرون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عمانوئیل میکرون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایمانویل مکرون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ایمانویل مکرون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="អេម៉ានុយអែល ម៉ាក្រុង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេម៉ានុយអែល ម៉ាក្រុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emman%C3%BCel_Makron" title="Emmanüel Makron – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Emmanüel Makron" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Макрон, Эмманюэль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макрон, Эмманюэль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8" title="ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱠᱨᱚᱸ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱠᱨᱚᱸ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86" title="ئێمانوێل ماکرۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێمانوێل ماکرۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Емануел Макрон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Емануел Макрон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இம்மானுவேல் மாக்ரோன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இம்மானுவேல் மாக்ரோன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Makron" title="Emmanuel Makron – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Emmanuel Makron" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇమ్మాన్యుయేల్ మాక్రాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇమ్మాన్యుయేల్ మాక్రాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="แอมานุแอล มาครง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอมานุแอล มาครง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эммануэл Макрон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эммануэл Макрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Емманюель Макрон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Емманюель Макрон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ایمانویل میکخواں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایمانویل میکخواں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makron_Emmanuel%27" title="Makron Emmanuel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Makron Emmanuel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="עמנואל מאקראן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עמנואל מאקראן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%B4%90%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%8D" title="伊曼紐·馬克龍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊曼紐·馬克龍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuelis_Makrons" title="Emanuelis Makrons – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Emanuelis Makrons" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Emmanuel Macron" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Makron" title="Emmanuel Makron – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Emmanuel Makron" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> 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