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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy_and_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy_and_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Advocacy and campaigns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocacy_and_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editorial_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editorial_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Editorial independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editorial_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Founding and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Resistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_consumer_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_consumer_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Role in consumer movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_consumer_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_organizational_maneuvers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_organizational_maneuvers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Other organizational maneuvers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_organizational_maneuvers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Product_changes_after_Consumer_Reports_tests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_changes_after_Consumer_Reports_tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Product changes after <i>Consumer Reports</i> tests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_changes_after_Consumer_Reports_tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuits_against_Consumer_Reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits_against_Consumer_Reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lawsuits against Consumer Reports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lawsuits_against_Consumer_Reports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lawsuits against Consumer Reports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits_against_Consumer_Reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suzuki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suzuki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Suzuki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suzuki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivera_Isuzu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivera_Isuzu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Rivera Isuzu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivera_Isuzu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sharper_Image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sharper_Image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Sharper Image</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sharper_Image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_over_child_safety_seats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_over_child_safety_seats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Controversy over child safety seats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_over_child_safety_seats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_errors_or_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_errors_or_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other errors or issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_errors_or_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Graphs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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searchaux" style="display:none">American organization and magazine</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Consumer Reports, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consumer_Reports_logo_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Consumer_Reports_logo_2016.svg/250px-Consumer_Reports_logo_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Consumer_Reports_logo_2016.svg/375px-Consumer_Reports_logo_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Consumer_Reports_logo_2016.svg/500px-Consumer_Reports_logo_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="135" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">January 1936<span class="noprint">; 88 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936-01</span>)</span> (as Consumers Union)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kallet" title="Arthur Kallet">Arthur Kallet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Colston_Warne" title="Colston Warne">Colston Warne</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>101 Truman Avenue<br /><a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers, New York</a>, U.S. 10703</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marta_Tellado" class="mw-redirect" title="Marta Tellado">Marta Tellado</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$241.7 million (2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">592 (in 2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consumerreports.org">www<wbr />.consumerreports<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Consumer Reports</b> (<b>CR</b>), formerly <b>Consumers Union</b> (<b>CU</b>), is an American nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">consumer organization</a> dedicated to independent <a href="/wiki/Product_testing" title="Product testing">product testing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative journalism</a>, consumer-oriented research, public education, and consumer advocacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015141_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015141-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1936, CR was created to serve as a source of information that consumers could use to help assess the safety and performance of products.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015141-2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015141-2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since that time, CR has continued its testing and analysis of products and services, and attempted to advocate for the consumer in legislative and rule-making areas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015142-3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015142-3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the reforms in which CR played a role were the advent of <a href="/wiki/Seat_belt_legislation" title="Seat belt legislation">seat belt laws</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> exposure of the <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco" title="Health effects of tobacco">dangers of cigarettes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more recently, the enhancement of consumer finance protection and the increase of consumer access to quality health care.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015147_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015147-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization has also expanded its reach to a suite of digital platforms. Consumer Reports Advocacy frequently supports environmental causes, including heightened regulations on auto manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015144-147_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015144-147-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization's headquarters, including its 50 testing labs, are located in <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers, New York</a>, while its automotive testing track is in <a href="/wiki/East_Haddam,_Connecticut" title="East Haddam, Connecticut">East Haddam, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015142_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015142-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CR is funded by subscriptions to its magazine and website, as well as through independent grants and donations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015145_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin2015145-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marta L. Tellado is the current CEO of Consumer Reports. She joined the organization in 2014, following her work with the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>, with the goal of expanding its engagement and advocacy efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consumer Reports' flagship website and magazine publishes reviews and comparisons of consumer products and services based on reporting and results from its in-house testing laboratory and survey research center. CR accepts no advertising, pays for all the products it tests, and as a nonprofit organization has no shareholders. It also publishes general and targeted product/service buying guides. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advocacy_and_campaigns">Advocacy and campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Advocacy and campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv/220px--Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="1766" data-mwtitle="Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv/Consumer_Reports_-_Consumers_Want_to_Know.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Consumers Want to Know</i>, a 1960 documentary on Consumer Reports</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this article is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Consumer_Reports##" title="Talk:Consumer Reports">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Consumer Reports has hundreds of thousands of online advocates who take action and write letters to policymakers about the issues its advocates take on. This group continues to grow as Consumer Reports expands its reach, with 6 million paid members who have access to online tools like a car recall tracker and personalized content. An additional base of online members join for free and received guidance on a range of products (e.g. gas grills, washing machines) at no charge. CR has also launched several advocacy websites, including HearUsNow.org, which helps consumers with telecommunications policy matters. In March 2005, CR campaign PrescriptionforChange.org released "<a href="/wiki/Drugs_I_Need" title="Drugs I Need">Drugs I Need</a>", an animated short with a song from the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Lounge_Lizards" title="Austin Lounge Lizards">Austin Lounge Lizards</a>, that was featured by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/JibJab" title="JibJab">JibJab</a>, <a href="/wiki/BoingBoing" class="mw-redirect" title="BoingBoing">BoingBoing</a>, and hundreds of blogs. On <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a> 2005, CR launched GreenerChoices.org, a web-based initiative meant to "inform, engage, and empower consumers about environmentally friendly products and practices". </p><p>Consumer Reports was a sponsor of the Safe Patient Project,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose goal was to help consumers find the best quality of health care by promoting the public disclosure of <a href="/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection" title="Hospital-acquired infection">hospital-acquired infection</a> rates and medical errors. The US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a> states that about 2 million patients annually (about 1 in 20) will acquire an infection while being treated in a hospital for an unrelated health care problem, resulting in 99,000 deaths and as much as $45 billion in excess hospital costs.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The campaign has worked in every state calling for legislation requiring hospitals to disclose infection rates to the public. The Safe Patient Project also works on medical devices, prescription drugs, and physician accountability. </p><p>GreenerChoices.org offers an "accessible, reliable, and practical source of information on buying 'greener' products that have minimal environmental impact and meet personal needs". The site contains many articles about different products, rating them on how "green" they are. It also focuses on electronics and <a href="/wiki/Appliance_recycling" title="Appliance recycling">appliance recycling</a> and reuse, as well as conservation and global warming prevention. </p><p>Funding for Consumer Reports has recently been provided by <a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Public Interest Research Group">USPIRG Education Fund</a>, the Kentucky Equal Justice Center and the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network among other advocacy organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, the organization has been vocal on key issues, including championing <a href="/wiki/Consumer_choice" title="Consumer choice">consumer choice</a> and industry competition in the debate against the Sprint T-Mobile merger,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advocating for consumer preference to leave net neutrality protections in place,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> exposing how data is used to engage in racial discrimination when determining consumer pricing offers,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and advocating for stronger privacy laws in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editorial_independence">Editorial independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Editorial independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Consumer Reports</i> is well known for its policies on <a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">editorial independence</a>, which it says are to "maintain our independence and impartiality ... [so that] CR has no agenda other than the interests of consumers".<sup id="cite_ref-CR_Mission_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CR_Mission-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2007-12-08_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2007-12-08-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>CR</i> has unusually strict requirements and sometimes has taken extraordinary steps; for example it declined to renew a car dealership's bulk subscription because of "the appearance of an impropriety".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <i>Consumer Reports</i> in 2021 took a $375,000 grant from an environmental group, the Climate Imperative Foundation, to examine gas stoves and indoor air quality,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which resulted in the publication of an article entitled "Is Your Gas Range a Health Risk?" <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published on Oct. 4, 2022, with a note indicating that the article was funded in part by a grant from the Climate Imperative Foundation. This article appeared prior to an Oct. 25 memo by Consumer Products Safety Commission Commissioner Richard L. Trumka entitled 'Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to Ban Gas Stoves'.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Consumer Reports</i> does not allow outside advertising in the magazine,<sup id="cite_ref-CR_Mission_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CR_Mission-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2007-12-08_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2007-12-08-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its website has retailers' advertisements. <i>Consumer Reports</i> states that <a href="/wiki/PriceGrabber" title="PriceGrabber">PriceGrabber</a> places the ads and pays a percentage of referral fees to <i>CR</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-CR_2009-11_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CR_2009-11-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has no direct relationship with the retailers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Consumer Reports</i> publishes reviews of its business partner and recommends it in at least one case.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>CR</i> had a similar relationship with <a href="/wiki/BizRate" class="mw-redirect" title="BizRate">BizRate</a> at one time<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has had relationships with other companies including <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BillShrink,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Decide.com.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>CR</i> also accepts grants from other organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consumer Reports says its secret shoppers purchase all tested products at retail prices on behalf of the organization, that they do so anonymously, and that CR accepts no free samples in order to limit bias from bribery and to prevent being given better than average samples.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-first_look_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first_look-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumer Reports pays a rental fee to manufacturers when using these press samples<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What press samples? No press samples have been discussed in the article, except the type of press samples that the article says it does not use at all. (September 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and does not include the products in its ratings.<sup id="cite_ref-first_look_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first_look-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of <i>CR</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s history, it minimized contact with government and industry experts "to avoid compromising the independence of its judgment". In 2007, in response to errors in infant car seat testing, it began accepting advice from a wide range of experts on designing tests, but not on final assessments.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2007-03-21_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2007-03-21-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, at times <i>CR</i> allows manufacturers to review and respond to criticism before publication.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2007-12-08_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2007-12-08-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CR also accepts referral fees from websites such as Amazon for including "affiliate links" to websites where customers can purchase reviewed products.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some objective and comparative tests published by <i>Consumer Reports</i> are carried out under the umbrella of the international consumer organization <a href="/wiki/International_Consumer_Research_%26_Testing" title="International Consumer Research & Testing">International Consumer Research & Testing</a>. <i>Consumer Reports</i> also uses outside labs for testing, including for 11 percent of tests in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2007-03-21_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2007-03-21-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_electric_light_longevity_and_brightness_testing.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Testing electric light longevity and brightness testing"><img alt="Testing electric light longevity and brightness testing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_electric_light_longevity_and_brightness_testing.tif/lossless-page1-120px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_electric_light_longevity_and_brightness_testing.tif.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_electric_light_longevity_and_brightness_testing.tif/lossless-page1-180px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_electric_light_longevity_and_brightness_testing.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_electric_light_longevity_and_brightness_testing.tif/lossless-page1-240px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_electric_light_longevity_and_brightness_testing.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Testing electric light longevity and brightness testing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_television_testing_laboratory.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Television testing laboratory"><img alt="Television testing laboratory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_television_testing_laboratory.tif/lossless-page1-120px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_television_testing_laboratory.tif.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_television_testing_laboratory.tif/lossless-page1-180px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_television_testing_laboratory.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_television_testing_laboratory.tif/lossless-page1-240px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_television_testing_laboratory.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="3245" data-file-height="2163" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Television testing laboratory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_headphones_in_anechoic_chamber.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Product testing headphones in an anechoic chamber"><img alt="Product testing headphones in an anechoic chamber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_headphones_in_anechoic_chamber.tif/lossless-page1-120px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_headphones_in_anechoic_chamber.tif.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_headphones_in_anechoic_chamber.tif/lossless-page1-180px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_headphones_in_anechoic_chamber.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_headphones_in_anechoic_chamber.tif/lossless-page1-240px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_headphones_in_anechoic_chamber.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="3245" data-file-height="2163" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Product testing headphones in an <a href="/wiki/Anechoic_chamber" title="Anechoic chamber">anechoic chamber</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><i>Consumer Reports</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consumer_Reports_cover_November_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="border" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Consumer_Reports_cover_November_2016.jpg/250px-Consumer_Reports_cover_November_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a5/Consumer_Reports_cover_November_2016.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="361" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Consumer Reports</i> <a href="/wiki/Cover_date" title="Cover date">cover dated</a> <br /> November 2016</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor-in-Chief</th><td class="infobox-data">Diane Salvatore<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Categories</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Consumer_advocacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer advocacy">Consumer advocacy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Monthly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation" title="List of magazines by circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-2016circ_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016circ-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">Consumer Reports</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First issue</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1936<span class="noprint">; 88 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumerreports.org/">www<wbr />.consumerreports<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0010-7174">0010-7174</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ConsumerReports.org, the website of Consumer Reports, is largely available only to paid subscribers. ConsumerReports.org provides updates on product availability, and adds new products to previously published test results. In addition, the online data includes coverage that is not published in the magazine; for example, vehicle reliability (frequency of repair) tables online extend over the full 10 model years reported in the Annual Questionnaires, whereas the magazine has only a six-year history of each model. </p><p>In 1990, Consumer Reports launched <i>Consumer Reports Television</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By March 2005 it was "hosted" by over 100 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 1, 2006, Consumer Reports launched <i>ShopSmart</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a magazine aimed at young women.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Consumer Reports acquired <i><a href="/wiki/The_Consumerist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Consumerist">The Consumerist</a></i> blog from <a href="/wiki/Gawker_Media" title="Gawker Media">Gawker Media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Magazine copies distributed in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> include a small four-page supplement called "Canada Extra", explaining how the magazine's findings apply to that country and lists the examined items available there. </p><p>In 1998, Consumer Reports launched the grant-funded project <i>Consumer Reports WebWatch</i>, which aimed to improve the credibility of Web sites through investigative reporting, publicizing best-practices standards, and publishing a list of sites that comply with the standards. WebWatch worked with the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Web_Credibility_Project" title="Stanford Web Credibility Project">Stanford Web Credibility Project</a>, Harvard University's <a href="/wiki/Berkman_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkman Center">Berkman Center</a>, The Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania, and others. WebWatch is a member of <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>, the <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Society" title="Internet Society">Internet Society</a>. Its content is free. As of July 31, 2009, WebWatch has been shut down, though the site is still available. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports_Best_Buy_Drugs" title="Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs">Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs</a></i> is available free on Consumer Reports Health.org. It compares prescription drugs in over 20 major categories, such as heart disease, blood pressure and diabetes, and gives comparative ratings of effectiveness and costs, in reports and tables, in web pages and PDF documents, in summary and detailed form.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2005 Consumer Reports launched the service <i>Greener Choices</i>, which is meant to "inform, engage, and empower consumers about environmentally-friendly products and practices". It contains information about conservation, electronics recycling and conservation with the goal or providing an "accessible, reliable, and practical source of information on buying "greener" products that have minimal environmental impact and meet personal needs". </p><p>Consumer Reports published a kids' version of <i>Consumer Reports</i> called <i>Penny Power</i>, later changed to <i>Zillions</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This publication was similar to <i>Consumer Reports</i> but served a younger audience. At its peak, the magazine covered close to 350,000 subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gave children financial advice for budgeting their allowances and saving for a big purchase, reviewed kid-oriented consumer products (e.g., toys, clothes, electronics, food, videogames, etc.), and generally promoted smart <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a> in kids and teens; testing of products came from kids of the age range a product was targeted toward. It also taught kids about deceitful marketing practices practiced by advertising agencies. The magazine folded in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consumer Reports had an annual testing budget of approximately US$25 million, as well as approximately 7 million subscribers (3.8 million print and 3.2 million digital) as of April 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-2016circ_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016circ-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization had around 6 million members in July 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3612-FirstConsumerReportsAd-NewMassesv19n08-pg24.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/3612-FirstConsumerReportsAd-NewMassesv19n08-pg24.tif/lossy-page1-240px-3612-FirstConsumerReportsAd-NewMassesv19n08-pg24.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/3612-FirstConsumerReportsAd-NewMassesv19n08-pg24.tif/lossy-page1-360px-3612-FirstConsumerReportsAd-NewMassesv19n08-pg24.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/3612-FirstConsumerReportsAd-NewMassesv19n08-pg24.tif/lossy-page1-480px-3612-FirstConsumerReportsAd-NewMassesv19n08-pg24.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7680" data-file-height="10522" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement for the first issue of <i>Consumer Reports</i> from the Communist Party's arts and contemporary politics magazine, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Masses">The New Masses</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_early_years">Founding and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Founding and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1927, F.J. Schlink and Stuart Chase published their best selling novel, <i>Your Money's Worth</i>, which saw massive readership due to the consumer movement. The demand for brand research led to Schlink to found the company <i><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Research" title="Consumers' Research">Consumers' Research</a></i> in 1927. The company was responsible for publishing Consumers’ Research Bulletin (previously named Consumer Club Commodity List). The subscriber count in 1933 was reported to be over 42,000. It was in this year, that Consumer Research moved its operations to New York City. Following this move, employees began to unionize, citing unfair pay. Schlink proceeded to fire the strikers. The former Consumers' Research employees, teamed up with "journalists, engineers, academics, and scientists" to found the company <i>Consumers Union</i>—now known as Consumer Reports—in February 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumers Union differentiated themselves from Consumers' Research by establishing a community amongst readers. Within the overall mission of creating more informed consumers, Consumers Union united with women's clubs and citizen groups, creating a progressive message. Consumers Union would surpass Schlink's Consumers' Research in subscribers by 1940, accumulating a readership of 71,000.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resistance">Resistance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous businesses and corporations set out to suppress the actions of Consumers Union. In an effort to suppress the critiques of Consumers' Union, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">The New York Herald Tribune</a> established an institute with the goal of demonstrating that the efforts of consumers groups were futile, in that businesses already conducted extensive product-testing.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crowell Institute on Consumer Relations founded in 1937, sprouted from the forum <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Home_Companion" title="Woman's Home Companion">Woman's Home Companion</a>, which had a readership of 2 million. The institute suppressed the efforts of consumer groups by giving business and advertisers the platform to putdown the consumers' pursuit of "lower distribution costs, grade labeling, and regulation," asserting that these businesses were already taking these factors into account.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York Times proved to be an obstacle for Consumers Union, refusing CU's requests to advertise. Other major publications would follow suit.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the year 1938, CU would find itself at the center of The Dies Committee's investigation into "unpatriotic propaganda". The committee brought on former member of Consumers' Research' board, J.B. Matthews as its research director. In Matthews' official report, he accused CU and its CEO <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kallet" title="Arthur Kallet">Arthur Kallet</a> of holding Communist ideals, and going as far as to label CU as "Communist front". The smear campaign was criticized by Consumers Union for its lack of legitimacy. The allegations proved fruitless, and rather served to delegitimize CR and Congressman Dies. In part due to actions of Consumers' Research, the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> placed Consumers Union on a list of subversive organizations, only to remove it in 1954. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_consumer_movement">Role in consumer movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role in consumer movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consumers Union established themselves as an advocate for consumer rights during the interwar years. The rise of Consumers Union happened simultaneously with women's groups interest in consumption. Despite the mobilization of citizens interested in consumption, the pursuit of consumer rights were not validated until the New Deal. The programs represented an acknowledgment of the consumer movement, by actively working to improve consumer purchaser power.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In World War II, Consumer Union took a stance in support of the war effort. The urged their supporters to put aside their personal interest by consuming less, and following the government ordered policies of consumption. They were also critical of businesses who saw the war period as an opportunity to advertise their products and as a result were wasting paper.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government's vested interest in the politics of consumption would escalate in the postwar period. Government would encourage to consume both through propaganda as well as the protections instituted to promote individual consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consumer Reports has helped start several consumer groups and publications, in 1960 helping create global consumer group <a href="/wiki/Consumers_International" title="Consumers International">Consumers International</a> and in 1974 providing financial assistance to <a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Checkbook" title="Consumers' Checkbook">Consumers' Checkbook</a> which is considered akin to <i>Consumer Reports</i> for local services in the seven metropolitan areas they serve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_organizational_maneuvers">Other organizational maneuvers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other organizational maneuvers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prominent consumer advocate <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> was on the board of directors, but left in 1975 due to a "division of philosophy" with new Executive Director <a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Karpatkin" title="Rhoda Karpatkin">Rhoda Karpatkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nader wanted Consumer Reports to focus on policy and product advocacy, while Karpatkin focused on product testing.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2000-10-05_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2000-10-05-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karpatkin was appointed executive director in 1974 and retired as president in the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2000-10-05_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2000-10-05-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the start of 2009, Consumer Reports acquired <i><a href="/wiki/The_Consumerist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Consumerist">The Consumerist</a></i> blog from <a href="/wiki/Gawker_Media" title="Gawker Media">Gawker Media</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for approximately $600,000. </p><p>Prior to 2012, the organization did business as Consumers Union.<sup id="cite_ref-rename_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rename-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason for the name change was that the name of "Consumer Reports" was more familiar to the public than the name of "Consumers Union".<sup id="cite_ref-rename_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rename-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consumer Reports spent $200,000 on lobbying in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Consumerist was subsequently closed in December 2017, when its content was folded into the Consumer Reports website.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Product_changes_after_Consumer_Reports_tests">Product changes after <i>Consumer Reports</i> tests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Product changes after Consumer Reports tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_auto_test_track_in_East_Haddam,_Connecticut.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_auto_test_track_in_East_Haddam%2C_Connecticut.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_auto_test_track_in_East_Haddam%2C_Connecticut.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_auto_test_track_in_East_Haddam%2C_Connecticut.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_auto_test_track_in_East_Haddam%2C_Connecticut.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_auto_test_track_in_East_Haddam%2C_Connecticut.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Consumer_Reports_-_product_testing_-_auto_test_track_in_East_Haddam%2C_Connecticut.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="3446" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Consumer Reports</i> auto test track in <a href="/wiki/East_Haddam,_Connecticut" title="East Haddam, Connecticut">East Haddam, Connecticut</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the July 1978 issue, <i>Consumer Reports</i> rated the <a href="/wiki/Dodge_Omni" title="Dodge Omni">Dodge Omni/Plymouth Horizon</a> automobile "not acceptable", the first car it had judged such since the <a href="/wiki/AMC_Ambassador" title="AMC Ambassador">AMC Ambassador</a> in 1968. In its testing they found the possibility of these models' developing an oscillatory <a href="/wiki/Yaw_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaw angle">yaw</a> as a result of a sudden violent input to the steering; the manufacturer claimed: "Some do, some don't" show this behavior, but it has no "validity in the real world of driving".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the next year, <a href="/wiki/Car_handling#Cars_with_unusual_handling_problems" class="mw-redirect" title="Car handling">these models included a lighter weight steering wheel rim and a steering damper</a>, and <i>Consumer Reports</i> reported that the previous instability was no longer present. </p><p>In a 2003 issue of <i>CR</i>, the magazine tested the <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Murano" title="Nissan Murano">Nissan Murano</a> crossover utility vehicle and did not recommend the vehicle because of a problem with its power steering, even though the vehicle had above-average reliability. The specific problem was that the steering would stiffen substantially on hard turning. <i>CR</i> recommended the 2005 model, which had addressed this problem.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> changed the software for the <a href="/wiki/Stability_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Stability control">stability control</a> in its <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(E70)" title="BMW X5 (E70)">X5 SUV</a> after replicating a potential rollover problem discovered during a <i>CR</i> test.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, <i>CR</i> rated the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_GX_460" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexus GX 460">Lexus GX 460</a> <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a> unsafe after the vehicle failed one of the magazine's emergency safety tests. <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> temporarily suspended sales of the vehicle, and after conducting its own test acknowledged the problem and issued a recall for the vehicle, which later passed a <i>CR</i> re-test.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, <i>CR </i>found wildly inconsistent battery life in its testing of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple's</a> 2016 <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a>. This led to the discovery of a bug in the <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari web browser</a>, which Apple promptly fixed via a software update.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2018, <i>CR</i> said it could not recommend the <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_3" title="Tesla Model 3">Tesla Model 3</a> due to concerns about the car's long stopping distance. Within days, Tesla issued a remote software update.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>CR</i> retested the car's brakes, then gave the Model 3 a "recommended" rating.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuits_against_Consumer_Reports">Lawsuits against Consumer Reports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lawsuits against Consumer Reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consumer Reports has been sued several times by companies unhappy with reviews of their products. Consumer Reports has fought these cases vigorously.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of October 2000, Consumer Reports had been sued by 13 manufacturers and never lost a case.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2000-10-05_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2000-10-05-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USA_Today_2004-07-08_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today_2004-07-08-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bose">Bose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1971, <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose Corporation</a> sued <i>Consumer Reports</i> (<i>CR</i>) for libel after <i>CR</i> reported in a review that the sound from the system it reviewed "tended to wander about the room".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case eventually reached the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>, which affirmed in <i><a href="/wiki/Bose_Corp._v._Consumers_Union_of_United_States,_Inc." title="Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.">Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.</a></i> that <i>CR</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> statement was made without <a href="/wiki/Actual_malice" title="Actual malice">actual malice</a> and therefore was not libelous.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suzuki">Suzuki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Suzuki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Motor_Corp._v._Consumers_Union_of_the_U.S.,_Inc." title="Suzuki Motor Corp. v. Consumers Union of the U.S., Inc.">Suzuki Motor Corp. v. Consumers Union of the U.S., Inc.</a></div> <p>In 1988, <i>Consumer Reports</i> announced during a press conference that the <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Samurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzuki Samurai">Suzuki Samurai</a> had demonstrated a tendency to roll and deemed it "not acceptable". Suzuki sued in 1996 after the Samurai was again mentioned in a <i>CR</i> anniversary issue. In July 2004, after eight years in court, the suit was <a href="/wiki/Settlement_(litigation)" title="Settlement (litigation)">settled</a> and dismissed with no money changing hands and no retraction issued, but <i>Consumers Union</i> did agree to no longer refer to the 16-year-old test results of the 1988 Samurai in its advertising or promotional materials.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakim_2004_NYTimes_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakim_2004_NYTimes-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivera_Isuzu">Rivera Isuzu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rivera Isuzu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Trooper" title="Isuzu Trooper">Isuzu Trooper</a> distributor in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> sued <i>CR</i>, alleging that it had lost sales as a result of disparagement of the Trooper by the Consumers Union of the United States (CU). A trial court granted the motion for <a href="/wiki/Summary_judgment" title="Summary judgment">summary judgment</a> by the CU, and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit</a> affirmed the favorable judgment.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sharper_Image">Sharper Image</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sharper Image"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Sharper_Image" title="Sharper Image">Sharper Image</a> sued <i>CR</i> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> for product disparagement over negative reviews of its Ionic Breeze Quadra <a href="/wiki/Air_ioniser" title="Air ioniser">air purifier</a>. <i>CR</i> moved for dismissal on October 31, 2003, and the case was dismissed in November 2004. The decision also awarded <i>CR</i> $525,000 in legal fees and costs.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy_over_child_safety_seats">Controversy over child safety seats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Controversy over child safety seats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The February 2007 issue of <i>Consumer Reports</i> stated that only two of the child safety seats it tested for that issue passed the organization's side impact tests. The <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a>, which subsequently retested the seats, found that all those seats passed the corresponding NHTSA tests at the speeds described in the magazine report. The <i>CR</i> article reported that the tests simulated the effects of collisions at 38.5 mph. However, the tests that were completed in fact simulated collisions at 70 mph. <i>CR</i> stated in a letter from its president Jim Guest to its subscribers that it would retest the seats. The article was removed from the <i>CR</i> website, and on January 18, 2007, the organization posted a note on its home page about the misleading tests. Subscribers were also sent a postcard apologizing for the error. On January 28, 2007, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> published an <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> from <a href="/wiki/Joan_Claybrook" title="Joan Claybrook">Joan Claybrook</a>, who served on the board of CR from 1982 to 2006 and was the head of the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a> from 1977 to 1981, where she discussed the sequence of events leading to the publishing of the erroneous information.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_errors_or_issues">Other errors or issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other errors or issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1998, the organization tested <a href="/wiki/Pet_food" title="Pet food">pet food</a> and claimed that <a href="/wiki/Iams" title="Iams">Iams</a> dog food was nutritionally deficient. It later retracted the report claiming that there had been "a systemic error in the measurements of various minerals we tested – <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, <i>Consumer Reports</i> said six <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid vehicles</a> would probably not save owners money. The organization later discovered that it had miscalculated <a href="/wiki/Depreciation" title="Depreciation">depreciation</a> and released an update stating that four of the six vehicles would save the buyers money if the vehicles were kept for five years (and received the federal <a href="/wiki/Tax_credit" title="Tax credit">tax credit</a> for hybrid vehicles, which expired after each manufacturer sold 60,000 hybrid vehicles).<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graphs">Graphs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Graphs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harveyballs_red_black_modification.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Harveyballs_red_black_modification.PNG/220px-Harveyballs_red_black_modification.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Harveyballs_red_black_modification.PNG/330px-Harveyballs_red_black_modification.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Harveyballs_red_black_modification.PNG/440px-Harveyballs_red_black_modification.PNG 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="114" /></a><figcaption>Harvey balls – red/black modification used by <i>Consumer Reports</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Consumer Reports</i> graphs formerly used a modified form of <a href="/wiki/Harvey_balls" title="Harvey balls">Harvey balls</a> for qualitative comparison. The round <a href="/wiki/Ideograms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideograms">ideograms</a> were arranged from best to worst. On the left of the diagram, the red circle indicated the highest rating, the half red and white circle was the second highest rating, the white circle was neutral, the half black circle was the second-lowest rating, and the entirely black circle was the lowest rating possible.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-harveyballs_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-harveyballs-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of a wider rebranding of <i>Consumer Reports</i> in September 2016, the appearance of the magazine's rating system was significantly revamped. The Harvey balls were replaced with new color-coded circles: green for excellent; lime green for very good; yellow for good; orange for fair; and red for poor. It was stated that this new system will help improve the clarity of ratings tables by using a "universally understood" metaphor.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday-makeover_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday-makeover-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cr-16redesign_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-16redesign-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euroconsumers" title="Euroconsumers">Euroconsumers</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Consumer_Research_%26_Testing" title="International Consumer Research & Testing">ICRT</a> International Consumer Research and Testing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Housekeeping_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Housekeeping Institute">Good Housekeeping Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Warentest" title="Stiftung Warentest">Stiftung Warentest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriters Laboratories">Underwriters Laboratories</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Which%3F" title="Which?">Which?</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">Consumer protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_education" title="Consumer education">Consumer education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_International" title="Consumers International">Consumers International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Consumers%27_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Consumers' Association">Australian Consumers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Institute_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumers' Institute of New Zealand">Consumers' Institute of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFC_Que_Choisir" class="mw-redirect" title="UFC Que Choisir">UFC Que Choisir</a>, France's most important consumers' group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaughney2014" class="citation news cs1">Haughney, Christine (July 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/business/media/ford-foundation-executive-to-lead-consumer-reports.html?_r=0">"Ford Foundation Executive to Lead Consumer Reports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, NY">New York</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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CNBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Here%27s+why+millions+of+people+trust+this+testing+group+when+it+comes+to+TVs&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft.aulast=Bearman&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F07%2F17%2Fconsumer-reports-tv-tests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derdak, Thomas, and Laura Rydberg. "Consumers Union". <i>International Directory of Company Histories</i>, edited by Jay P. Pederson, vol. 118, St. James Press, 2011, pp. 115-119. <i>Gale eBooks</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&u=euge94201&id=GALE%7CCX1722000031&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-GVRL&asid=ccebf4ee.">link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1722000031/GVRL?u=euge94201&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=ccebf4ee.</a> Accessed 1 Nov. 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern2006" class="citation book cs1">McGovern, Charles F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uoregon/detail.action?docID=427143."><i>Sold American : Consumption and Citizenship, 1890-1945</i></a>. University of North Carolina Pres. pp. 308–315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807856765" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807856765"><bdi>978-0807856765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sold+American+%3A+Consumption+and+Citizenship%2C+1890-1945&rft.pages=308-315&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Pres&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0807856765&rft.aulast=McGovern&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fuoregon%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D427143.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:04_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern2006" class="citation book cs1">McGovern, Charles F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uoregon/detail.action?docID=427143."><i>Sold American : Consumption and Citizenship, 1890-1945</i></a>. University of North Carolina Pres. pp. 308–315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807856765" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807856765"><bdi>978-0807856765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sold+American+%3A+Consumption+and+Citizenship%2C+1890-1945&rft.pages=308-315&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Pres&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0807856765&rft.aulast=McGovern&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fuoregon%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D427143.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:03_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern2006" class="citation book cs1">McGovern, Charles F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uoregon/detail.action?docID=427143."><i>Sold American : Consumption and Citizenship, 1890-1945</i></a>. University of North Carolina Pres. pp. 308–315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807856765" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807856765"><bdi>978-0807856765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sold+American+%3A+Consumption+and+Citizenship%2C+1890-1945&rft.pages=308-315&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Pres&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0807856765&rft.aulast=McGovern&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fuoregon%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D427143.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStole2006" class="citation book cs1">Stole, Inger L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uoregon/detail.action?docID=3414023"><i>Advertising on Trial : Consumer Activism and Corporate Public Relations in The 1930s</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2007</span>. <q>How the testing mistake was made is instructive not only for <i>Consumer Reports</i> but for everyone who cares about public safety.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Crash+Test+Dummies&rft.date=2007-01-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=Claybrook%2C+Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F28%2Fopinion%2F28claybrook.html%3F_r%3D1%26n%3DTop%252fOpinion%252fEditorials%2520and%2520Op%252dEd%252fOp%252dEd%252fContributors%26oref%3Dslogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/nation/20070120-1028-infantseats.html">"Consumer Reports' good reputation takes hit from flawed car seats report"</a>. <i>San Diego Union Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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December 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Another+Pogue+Challenge%3A+Symbols+With+Meaning&rft.date=2008-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpogue.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F03%2Fanother-pogue-challenge-symbols-with-meaning%2F%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usatoday-makeover-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usatoday-makeover_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/09/20/consumer-reports-undergoes-makeover/90699392/">"Consumer Reports undergoes makeover"</a>. <i>USA Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Consumer+Reports+undergoes+makeover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2F2016%2F09%2F20%2Fconsumer-reports-undergoes-makeover%2F90699392%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cr-16redesign-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cr-16redesign_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumerreports.org/consumer-reports/we-put-ourselves-to-the-test/">"We Put Ourselves to the Test"</a>. Consumer Reports<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+Put+Ourselves+to+the+Test&rft.pub=Consumer+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumerreports.org%2Fconsumer-reports%2Fwe-put-ourselves-to-the-test%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin2015" class="citation book cs1">Franklin, Dan (2015). "Consumers Union / Consumer Reports". In Brobeck, Stephen; Mayer, Robert N. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uUUMCgAAQBAJ"><i>Watchdogs and Whistleblowers - a reference guide to consumer activism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 141–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440830006" title="Special:BookSources/9781440830006"><bdi>9781440830006</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consumers+Union+%2F+Consumer+Reports&rft.btitle=Watchdogs+and+Whistleblowers+-+a+reference+guide+to+consumer+activism&rft.pages=141-147&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781440830006&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuUUMCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsumer+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer_Reports&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consumerreports.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1957782#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Consumers_International" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible nocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Consumers_International" title="Template:Consumers International"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Consumers_International" title="Template talk:Consumers International"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Consumers_International" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Consumers International"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consumers_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consumers_International" title="Consumers International">Consumers International</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>a network of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer organizations">consumer organizations</a> promoting the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_movement" title="Consumer movement">consumer movement</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choice_(Australian_consumer_organisation)" title="Choice (Australian consumer organisation)">Choice</a>, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumentenbond" title="Consumentenbond">Consumentenbond</a>, The Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Council_of_Fiji" title="Consumer Council of Fiji">Consumer Council of Fiji</a>, Fiji</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Federation_of_Australia" title="Consumers' Federation of Australia">Consumers' Federation of Australia</a>, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_NZ" title="Consumer NZ">Consumer NZ</a>, New Zealand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Union_of_Japan" title="Consumers Union of Japan">Consumers Union of Japan</a>, Japan</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Consumer Reports</a></i>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_consommateurs" title="Option consommateurs">Option consommateurs</a>, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Warentest" title="Stiftung Warentest">Stiftung Warentest</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Consumers%27_Association" title="Swedish Consumers' Association">Swedish Consumers' Association</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test-Achats" class="mw-redirect" title="Test-Achats">Test-Aankoop / Test-Achats</a>, Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFC-Que_Choisir" title="UFC-Que Choisir">UFC-Que Choisir</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Which%3F" title="Which?">Which?</a>, United Kingdom</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>promoting the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Bill_of_Rights" title="Consumer Bill of Rights">Consumer Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_to_knowledge_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Access to knowledge movement">Access to knowledge movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Consumer_protection" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Consumer_protection" title="Template:Consumer protection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Consumer_protection" title="Template talk:Consumer protection"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Consumer_protection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Consumer protection"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consumer_protection" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">Consumer protection</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANEC_(organisation)" title="ANEC (organisation)">ANEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now" title="Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now">Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Consumer_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Consumer Organisation">BEUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CableHell" title="CableHell">CableHell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Auto_Safety" title="Center for Auto Safety">Center for Auto Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_for_Workers_and_Employees" title="Chamber for Workers and Employees">Chamber for Workers and Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_(Australian_consumer_organisation)" title="Choice (Australian consumer organisation)">Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Advice" title="Citizens Advice">Citizens Advice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Advice_Edinburgh" title="Citizens Advice Edinburgh">Citizens Advice Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Advice_International" title="Citizens Advice International">Citizens Advice International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Advice_Scotland" title="Citizens Advice Scotland">Citizens Advice Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Advice_outside_the_United_Kingdom" title="Citizens Advice outside the United Kingdom">Citizens Advice outside the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Citizen_Action_Group" title="Connecticut Citizen Action Group">Connecticut Citizen Action Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumentenbond" title="Consumentenbond">Consumentenbond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConsumerLab.com" title="ConsumerLab.com">ConsumerLab.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Alert" title="Consumer Alert">Consumer Alert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Council_of_Fiji" title="Consumer Council of Fiji">Consumer Council of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Direct" title="Consumer Direct">Consumer Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Federation_of_California" title="Consumer Federation of California">Consumer Federation of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_NZ" title="Consumer NZ">Consumer NZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">Consumer organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Rights_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan">Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Rights_Directive_2011" title="Consumer Rights Directive 2011">Consumer Rights Directive 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Council_of_Canada" title="Consumers Council of Canada">Consumers Council of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Which%3F" title="Which?">Consumers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Federation_of_Australia" title="Consumers' Federation of Australia">Consumers' Federation of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_International" title="Consumers International">Consumers International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Consumers%27_Coalition" title="Massachusetts Consumers' Coalition">Consumers' Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Research" title="Consumers' Research">Consumers' Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumers Union">Consumers Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Union_of_Japan" title="Consumers Union of Japan">CU Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Watchdog" title="Consumer Watchdog">Consumer Watchdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Watchdog_(Botswana)" title="Consumer Watchdog (Botswana)">Consumer Watchdog (Botswana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Konsumentenbund" title="Deutscher Konsumentenbund">Konsumentenbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroconsumers" title="Euroconsumers">Euroconsumers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodwatch" title="Foodwatch">Foodwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Franchisees_and_Dealers" title="American Association of Franchisees and Dealers">Franchisees and Dealers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Consumer_Research_%26_Testing" title="International Consumer Research & Testing">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labdoor" title="Labdoor">Labdoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Food_Facts" title="Open Food Facts">Open Food Facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_consommateurs" title="Option consommateurs">Option consommateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Warentest" title="Stiftung Warentest">Stiftung Warentest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StopBadware" title="StopBadware">StopBadware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Consumers%27_Association" title="Swedish Consumers' Association">Swedish Consumers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alliance_of_Consumer_Organisations" title="Swiss Alliance of Consumer Organisations">Swiss Alliance of Consumer Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Achats" title="Test Achats">Test Achats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Advertising_(organization)" title="Truth in Advertising (organization)">Truth in Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFC-Que_Choisir" title="UFC-Que Choisir">UFC-Que Choisir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akher_Saa" title="Akher Saa">Akher Saa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beobachter" title="Beobachter">Beobachter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Choice_(Australian_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choice (Australian magazine)">Choice</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Consumer Reports</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Checkbook" title="Consumers' Checkbook">Consumers' Checkbook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DTest" title="DTest">dTest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ethical_Consumer" title="Ethical Consumer">Ethical Consumer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finanztest" title="Finanztest">Finanztest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guter_Rat" title="Guter Rat">Guter Rat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirkka_(magazine)" title="Pirkka (magazine)">Pirkka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spendere_Meglio" title="Spendere Meglio">Spendere Meglio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Warentest" title="Stiftung Warentest">Stiftung Warentest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Which%3F" title="Which?">Which?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Checkout" title="The Checkout">The Checkout</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Get_Done,_Get_Dom" title="Don't Get Done, Get Dom">Don't Get Done, Get Dom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fair_Go" title="Fair Go">Fair Go</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fake_Britain" title="Fake Britain">Fake Britain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fight_Back!_with_David_Horowitz" title="Fight Back! with David Horowitz">Fight Back! with David Horowitz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Food_Inspectors" title="Food Inspectors">Food Inspectors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gruen_(TV_series)" title="Gruen (TV series)">Gruen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Investigators_(Australian_TV_series)" title="The Investigators (Australian TV series)">The Investigators</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/JE_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="JE (TV series)">JE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lycett%27s_Got_Your_Back" title="Joe Lycett's Got Your Back">Joe Lycett's Got Your Back</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marketplace_(Canadian_TV_program)" title="Marketplace (Canadian TV program)">Marketplace</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rip_Off_Britain_(TV_programme)" title="Rip Off Britain (TV programme)">Rip Off Britain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Traders_(TV_programme)" title="Rogue Traders (TV programme)">Rogue Traders</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Short_Change" title="Short Change">Short Change</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Street_Cents" title="Street Cents">Street Cents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Target_(New_Zealand_TV_series)" title="Target (New Zealand TV series)">Target</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Life!" title="That's Life!">That's Life!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_(TV_programme)" title="Watchdog (TV programme)">Watchdog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_consumer_organizations" title="List of consumer organizations">List of consumer organizations</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Consumer_Research_%26_Testing#ICRT_Members" title="International Consumer Research & Testing">ICRT Members</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">Consumer organization</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline_complaints" title="Airline complaints">Airline complaints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-competitive_practices" title="Anti-competitive practices">Anti-competitive practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">Antitrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Business_Bureau" title="Better Business Bureau">Better Business Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">Class action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_regulator" title="Competition regulator">Competition regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_complaint" title="Consumer complaint">Consumer complaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">Consumer organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling-off_period_(consumer_rights)" title="Cooling-off period (consumer rights)">Cooling-off period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit" title="Credit">Credit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_warranty" title="Extended warranty">Extended warranty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade_certification" title="Fair trade certification">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_labeling_regulations" title="List of food labeling regulations">List of food labeling regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_labelling" title="Mandatory labelling">Mandatory labelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_obsolescence" title="Planned obsolescence">Planned obsolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_recall" title="Product recall">Product recall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Consumer_Protection_Act_of_1991" title="Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991">Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_(market)" title="Transparency (market)">Transparency (market)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Gilbert" title="Pamela Gilbert">Pamela Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Guy" title="Joanna Guy">Joanna Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Halstead" title="Ted Halstead">Ted Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshad_Hasan" title="Arshad Hasan">Arshad Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hucker" title="Tom Hucker">Tom Hucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jontz" title="Jim Jontz">Jim Jontz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Karpinski" title="Gene Karpinski">Gene Karpinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Kelley" title="Florence Kelley">Florence Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Love_(NGO_director)" title="James Love (NGO director)">James Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Pollina" title="Anthony Pollina">Anthony Pollina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Radford" title="Phil Radford">Phil Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Elaine_Roop" title="Joyce Elaine Roop">Joyce Elaine Roop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kemp_Ross" title="Donald Kemp Ross">Donald Kemp Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Russianoff" title="Gene Russianoff">Gene Russianoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeste_Thorson" title="Celeste Thorson">Celeste Thorson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Vernon" title="Michael Vernon">Michael Vernon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Standards_Board" title="Banking Standards Board">Banking Standards Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission#Bureau_of_Consumer_Protection" title="Federal Trade Commission">Bureau of Consumer Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Consumer_Centres_Network" title="European Consumer Centres Network">European Consumer Centres Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Consumer_Agency_of_Canada" title="Financial Consumer Agency of Canada">Financial Consumer Agency of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_of_Consumer_Protection_and_Food_Safety" title="Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety">Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INDEPABIS" title="INDEPABIS">INDEPABIS</a></li> <li>National Homelessness Advice Service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Fair_Trading" title="Office of Fair Trading">Office of Fair Trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Fair_Trading_(Malta)" title="Office for Fair Trading (Malta)">Office for Fair Trading (Malta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Office_of_Fair_Trading" title="Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading">Office for Fair Trading (Isle of Man)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_Wise" title="Pension Wise">Pension Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Industry_Commission_for_Scotland" title="Water Industry Commission for Scotland">Water Industry Commission for Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witness_Service" title="Witness Service">Witness Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current<br />competition<br />regulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Council_for_Economic_Defense" title="Administrative Council for Economic Defense">Administrative Council for Economic Defense</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Monopoly_Committee_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Monopoly Committee (Ukraine)">Anti-Monopoly Committee</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">Australian Competition & Consumer Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Autoridade_da_Concorr%C3%AAncia" title="Autoridade da Concorrência">Autoridade da Concorrência</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_de_la_concurrence" title="Autorité de la concurrence">Autorité de la concurrence</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Federal_de_Competencia_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica">Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_los_Mercados_y_la_Competencia" title="Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia">Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Commerce_Commission" title="Commerce Commission">Commerce Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Consumer_Protection_Commission" title="Competition and Consumer Protection Commission">Competition and Consumer Protection Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_Appeal_Tribunal" title="Competition Appeal Tribunal">Competition Appeal Tribunal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Competition_Bureau" title="Competition Bureau">Competition Bureau</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Competition_Commission_(Hong_Kong)" title="Competition Commission (Hong Kong)">Competition Commission </a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Competition_Commission_of_India" title="Competition Commission of India">Competition Commission </a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Competition_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Competition Commission of Pakistan">Competition Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Consumer_Commission_of_Singapore" title="Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore">Competition and Consumer Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Competition" title="Directorate-General for Competition">Directorate-General for Competition</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fair_Trade_Commission_(Japan)" title="Fair Trade Commission (Japan)">Fair Trade Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fair_Trade_Commission_(South_Korea)" title="Fair Trade Commission (South Korea)">Fair Trade Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fair_Trade_Commission_(Taiwan)" title="Fair Trade Commission (Taiwan)">Fair Trade Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Antimonopoly_Service" title="Federal Antimonopoly Service">Federal Antimonopoly Service</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Cartel_Office" title="Federal Cartel Office">Federal Cartel Office</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Financial_Markets_Authority_(New_Zealand)" title="Financial Markets Authority (New Zealand)">Financial Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Competition_Network" title="International Competition Network">International Competition Network</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Services_Commission_(Belize)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Financial Services Commission (Belize)">International Financial Services Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Competition_Authority" title="Italian Competition Authority">Italian Competition Authority</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey"><img alt="Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Competition_Regulatory_Authority" title="Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority">Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Competition_Authority" title="Netherlands Competition Authority">Netherlands Competition Authority</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Competition_Authority" title="Norwegian Competition Authority">Norwegian Competition Authority</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Competition_Commission" title="Philippine Competition Commission">Philippine Competition Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland"><img alt="Queensland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Competition_Authority" title="Queensland Competition Authority">Queensland Competition Authority</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Superintendency_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="Superintendency of Industry and Commerce">Superintendency of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Antitrust_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division">United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic<br />competition<br />regulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey"><img alt="Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey"><img alt="Guernsey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Competition_and_Regulatory_Authorities" title="Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities">Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Commission" title="Industrial Commission">Industrial Commission</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Board_for_Prices_and_Incomes" title="National Board for Prices and Incomes">National Board for Prices and Incomes</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Securities_Commission_of_New_Zealand" title="Securities Commission of New Zealand">Securities Commission of New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Public Interest Research Group">Public Interest<br />Research Group<br />(PIRG)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Public Interest Research Group">Alaska PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Public Interest Research Group">Arizona PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="California Public Interest Research Group">California PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Public Interest Research Group">Colorado PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut Public Interest Research Group">Connecticut PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Public Interest Research Group">Georgia PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Illinois Public Interest Research Group">Illinois PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Public Interest Research Group">Iowa PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Maryland Public Interest Research Group">Maryland PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Massachusetts Public Interest Research Group">Massachusetts PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Minnesota Public Interest Research Group">Minnesota PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Missouri Public Interest Research Group">Missouri PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Public Interest Research Group">New Jersey PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico Public Interest Research Group">New Mexico PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="New York Public Interest Research Group">New York PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Public Interest Research Group">North Carolina PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Ohio Public Interest Research Group">Ohio PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Ontario Public Interest Research Group">Ontario PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Public Interest Research Group">Pennsylvania PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Research_Group_in_Michigan" title="Public Interest Research Group in Michigan">Michigan PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island Public Interest Research Group">Rhode Island PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Public Interest Research Group">Vermont PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Public Interest Research Group">Washington PIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Interest_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Public Interest Research Group">Wisconsin PIRG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioscience_Resource_Project" title="Bioscience Resource Project">Bioscience Resource Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Action" title="Environmental Action">Environmental Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Conservation_Voters" title="League of Conservation Voters">League of Conservation Voters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corps" title="Green Corps">Green Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_America" title="Environment America">Environment America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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