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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=gcr.wikipedia.org&uselang=gcr" class=""><span>Fè roun donnasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Navigasyon" title="Nou ka ankourajé ou pou kréyé roun kont itilizatò ké konnègté oukò ; soupannan, ou pa blijé fè li." class=""><span>Kréyé roun kont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wè_osi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wè_osi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wè osi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wè_osi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Baydivan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Navigasyon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 75 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasie" title="Navigasie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Navigasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="ملاحة – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملاحة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naviqasiya" title="Naviqasiya – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Naviqasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Навигация – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Навигация" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabigasyon" title="Nabigasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nabigasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Навігацыя – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навігацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Навігацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Навігацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Навигация – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Навигация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="দিক নির্ণয় – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দিক নির্ণয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merdeadurezh" title="Merdeadurezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Merdeadurezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navegaci%C3%B3" title="Navegació – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Navegació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ڕێنیشاندەری – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێنیشاندەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigace" title="Navigace – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Navigace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordwyo" title="Mordwyo – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mordwyo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Navigation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Navigation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%90%CE%B1" title="Ναυσιπλοΐα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναυσιπλοΐα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Navigation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigado" title="Navigado – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Navigado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navegaci%C3%B3n" title="Navegación – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Navegación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigatsioon" title="Navigatsioon – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Navigatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabigazio" title="Nabigazio – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nabigazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ناوبری – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناوبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigointi" title="Navigointi – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Navigointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation – français" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Navigation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="français" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loingseoireacht" title="Loingseoireacht – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Loingseoireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98" title="ניווט – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניווט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="दिक्चालन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दिक्चालन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigacija" title="Navigacija – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Navigacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navig%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Navigáció – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Navigáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasi" title="Navigasi – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Navigasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglingafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Siglingafræði – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Siglingafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigazione" title="Navigazione – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Navigazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B3%95" title="航法 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="航法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Навигация – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Навигация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ನೌಕಾಯಾನ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೌಕಾಯಾನ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EB%B2%95" title="항법 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Навигация – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Навигация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_navigandi" title="Ars navigandi – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars navigandi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigatie" title="Navigatie – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Navigatie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navig%C4%81cija" title="Navigācija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Navigācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasi" title="Navigasi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Navigasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Навигација – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Навигација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ദിശാഗതികം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദിശാഗതികം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasi" title="Navigasi – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Navigasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigatschoon" title="Navigatschoon – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Navigatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigatie" title="Navigatie – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Navigatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasjon" title="Navigasjon – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Navigasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasjon" title="Navigasjon – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Navigasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigacion" title="Navigacion – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Navigacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਨੇਵੀਗੇਸ਼ਨ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੇਵੀਗੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawigacja" title="Nawigacja – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nawigacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navega%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Navegação – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Navegação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naviga%C8%9Bie" title="Navigație – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Navigație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Навигация – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Навигация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86" title="نيويگيشن – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيويگيشن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigacija" title="Navigacija – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Navigacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Navigation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigacija" title="Navigacija – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navigacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigimi" title="Navigimi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Navigimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Навигација – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Навигација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Navigation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="నావిగేషన్ – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నావిగేషన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Новбарӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Новбарӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="การเดินเรือ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเดินเรือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyir" title="Seyir – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seyir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Навігація – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Навігація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جہازرانی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جہازرانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigatsiya" title="Navigatsiya – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Navigatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng" title="Định hướng – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Định hướng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="导航 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="导航" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="נאוויגאציע – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאוויגאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E8%88%AA" title="導航 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="導航" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8D-h%C3%A2ng" title="Tō-hâng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tō-hâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E8%88%AA" title="導航 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="導航" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102066#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifyé yannaj entèrlanng-yan" class="wbc-editpage">Chanjé yannaj-ya</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Lèspas di non"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Navigasyon" title="Wè kontni di paj-a [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Paj</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskisyon:Navigasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Kozman apropo di sa paj di kontni (paj pa ka ègzisté) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Kozman</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">kriyòl gwiyannen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichaj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Navigasyon"><span>Li</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&veaction=edit" title="Chanjé sa paj [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Chanjé</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&action=edit" title="Modifyé kodwiki-a di sa paj [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifyé wikikod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&action=history" title="Listorik di vèrsyon-yan di sa paj [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Afiché listorik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zouti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zouti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Navigasyon"><span>Li</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&veaction=edit" title="Chanjé sa paj [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Chanjé</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&action=edit" title="Modifyé kodwiki-a di sa paj [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifyé wikikod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&action=history"><span>Afiché listorik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Navigasyon" title="Lis di paj-ya ki yannen ki ka pwenté asou sala [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paj ki yannen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:Suivi_des_liens/Navigasyon" rel="nofollow" title="Lis di modifikasyon-yan ki résan ki yannen ké sa paj [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Swivi di paj-ya ki yannen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=gcr" title="Enpòrté tchèk fiché [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Enpòrté roun fiché</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Lis di tout paj èspésyal [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paj èspésyal</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&oldid=11153" title="Adrès pèrmanant di sa vèrsyon di paj-a"><span>Yannaj ki pèrmannan</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&action=info" title="Plis lenfòrmasyon asou sa paj"><span>Lenfòrmasyon asou paj</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:Citer&page=Navigasyon&id=11153&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Lenfòrmasyon asou mannyè-a di sité sa paj"><span>Sité sa paj</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgcr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNavigasyon"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgcr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNavigasyon"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Enprimen / èspòrté </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Navigasyon"><span>Kréyé roun liv</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%88sp%C3%A9syal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Navigasyon&action=show-download-screen"><span>Téléchajé kou PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&printable=yes" title="Vèrsyon ki enprimab di sa paj [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Vèrsyon ki enprimab</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Annan ròt projè </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Navigation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102066" title="Yannaj bò'd éléman-an di référansyèl di data-ya ki konnègté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Éléman Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Di Wikipédja</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gcr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fich%C3%A9:Motte-Picquet-Navigation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Motte-Picquet-Navigation.jpg/220px-Motte-Picquet-Navigation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Motte-Picquet-Navigation.jpg/330px-Motte-Picquet-Navigation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Motte-Picquet-Navigation.jpg/440px-Motte-Picquet-Navigation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Porté oun pwen ou trasé oun rout asou oun kart marin.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Navigasyon</b>-an sa syans-a é ansanm-an dé tèknik ki ka pèrmèt di : </p> <ul><li>konnèt pozisyon-an (so koòrdoné-ya) di roun mobil pa rapò à roun sistenm di référans, oben pa rapò à roun pwen fiks détèrminé ;</li></ul> <ul><li>kalkilé oben mizouré larout-a à swiv pou roujwenn rounòt pwen di koòrdoné ki konnèt ;</li></ul> <ul><li>kalkilé tout ròt enfòrmasyon rélativ o déplasman di sa mobil (distans é douré, vitès di déplasman, lò èstimé di rivé, etc.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòt_ké_référans"><span id="N.C3.B2t_k.C3.A9_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rans"></span>Nòt ké référans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigasyon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifyé ségsyon-an : Nòt ké référans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>chanjé</span></a><span 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