About Expressions Language - Kong Gateway - v3.7.x

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class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/services/"> Services </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/routes/"> Routes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/consumers/"> Consumers </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/upstreams/"> Upstreams </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/plugins/"> Plugins </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/consumer-groups/"> Consumer Groups </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-1-7-how-kong-works-subtree"> How Kong Works <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle How Kong Works subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-1-7-how-kong-works-subtree" role="group" aria-label="How Kong Works"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/how-kong-works/routing-traffic/"> Routing Traffic </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/how-kong-works/load-balancing/"> Load Balancing </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/how-kong-works/health-checks/"> Health Checks and Circuit Breakers </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/glossary/"> Glossary </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-2-get-started-with-kong-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-learning.svg" alt=""> Get Started with Kong <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Get Started with Kong subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-2-get-started-with-kong-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Get Started with Kong"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/get-started/"> Get Kong </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/get-started/services-and-routes/"> Services and Routes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/get-started/rate-limiting/"> Rate Limiting </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/get-started/proxy-caching/"> Proxy Caching </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/get-started/key-authentication/"> Key Authentication </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/get-started/load-balancing/"> Load-Balancing </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-install-kong-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-deployment-color.svg" alt=""> Install Kong <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Install Kong subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-install-kong-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Install Kong"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-2-kubernetes-subtree"> Kubernetes <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kubernetes subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-2-kubernetes-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kubernetes"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/kubernetes/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/kubernetes/proxy/"> Install Kong Gateway </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/kubernetes/admin/"> Configure the Admin API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/kubernetes/manager/"> Install Kong Manager </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-3-docker-subtree"> Docker <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Docker subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-3-docker-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Docker"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/docker/"> Using docker run </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/docker/build-custom-images/"> Build your own Docker images </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-4-linux-subtree"> Linux <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Linux subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-4-linux-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Linux"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/linux/amazon-linux/"> Amazon Linux </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/linux/debian/"> Debian </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/linux/rhel/"> Red Hat </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/linux/ubuntu/"> Ubuntu </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-5-post-installation-subtree"> Post-installation <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Post-installation subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-5-post-installation-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Post-installation"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/post-install/set-up-data-store/"> Set up a data store </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/post-install/enterprise-license/"> Apply Enterprise license </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/install/post-install/kong-manager/"> Enable Kong Manager </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-kong-in-production-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-deployment-color.svg" alt=""> Kong in Production <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong in Production subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-kong-in-production-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong in Production"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-1-deployment-topologies-subtree"> Deployment Topologies <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Deployment Topologies subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-1-deployment-topologies-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Deployment Topologies"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/deployment-topologies/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-1-2-hybrid-mode-subtree"> Hybrid Mode <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Hybrid Mode subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-1-2-hybrid-mode-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Hybrid Mode"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/deployment-topologies/hybrid-mode/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/deployment-topologies/hybrid-mode/setup/"> Deploy Kong Gateway in Hybrid mode </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/deployment-topologies/db-less-and-declarative-config/"> DB-less Deployment </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/deployment-topologies/traditional/"> Traditional </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-2-running-kong-subtree"> Running Kong <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Running Kong subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-2-running-kong-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Running Kong"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/running-kong/kong-user/"> Running Kong as a non-root user </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/running-kong/secure-admin-api/"> Securing the Admin API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/running-kong/systemd/"> Using systemd </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-3-access-control-subtree"> Access Control <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Access Control subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-3-access-control-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Access Control"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/access-control/start-securely/"> Start Kong Gateway Securely </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/access-control/register-admin-api/"> Programatically Creating Admins </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/access-control/enable-rbac/"> Enabling RBAC </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-4-licenses-subtree"> Licenses <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Licenses subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-4-licenses-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Licenses"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/licenses/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/licenses/download/"> Download your License </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/licenses/deploy/"> Deploy Enterprise License </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/licenses/examples/"> Using the License API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/licenses/report/"> Monitor Licenses Usage </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-5-networking-subtree"> Networking <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Networking subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-5-networking-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Networking"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/networking/default-ports/"> Default Ports </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/networking/dns-considerations/"> DNS Considerations </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/networking/firewall/"> Network and Firewall </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/networking/cp-dp-proxy/"> CP/DP Communication through a Forward Proxy </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-5-5-postgresql-tls-subtree"> PostgreSQL TLS <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle PostgreSQL TLS subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-5-5-postgresql-tls-subtree" role="group" aria-label="PostgreSQL TLS"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/networking/configure-postgres-tls/"> Configure PostgreSQL TLS </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/networking/troubleshoot-postgres-tls/"> Troubleshooting PostgreSQL TLS </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/kong-conf/"> Kong Configuration File </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/environment-variables/"> Environment Variables </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/website-api-serving/"> Serving a Website and APIs from Kong </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-9-monitoring-subtree"> Monitoring <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Monitoring subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-9-monitoring-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Monitoring"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/monitoring/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/monitoring/prometheus/"> Prometheus </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/monitoring/statsd/"> StatsD </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/monitoring/datadog/"> Datadog </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/monitoring/healthcheck-probes/"> Health Check Probes </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-10-tracing-subtree"> Tracing <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Tracing subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-10-tracing-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Tracing"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/tracing/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/tracing/write-custom-trace-exporter/"> Writing a Custom Trace Exporter </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/tracing/api/"> Tracing API Reference </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/sizing-guidelines/"> Resource Sizing Guidelines </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/security-update-process/"> Security Update Process </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/blue-green/"> Blue-Green Deployments </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/canary/"> Canary Deployments </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/clustering/"> Clustering Reference </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-16-performance-subtree"> Performance <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Performance subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-16-performance-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Performance"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/performance/performance-testing/"> Performance Testing Benchmarks </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/performance/benchmark/"> Establish a Performance Benchmark </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/performance/brotli/"> Improve performance with Brotli compression </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-17-logging-and-debugging-subtree"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/logging/"> Logging and Debugging </a> <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Logging and Debugging subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-17-logging-and-debugging-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Logging and Debugging"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/logging/log-reference/"> Log Reference </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/logging/update-log-level-dynamically/"> Dynamic log level updates </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/logging/customize-gateway-logs/"> Customize Gateway Logs </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/debug-request/"> Debug Requests </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/logging/ai-analytics/"> AI Gateway Analytics </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/configuring-a-grpc-service/"> Configure a gRPC service </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/routes/expressions/"> Use the Expressions Router </a> </span> </li> <li 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aria-owns="id-4-20-3-upgrade-strategies-subtree"> Upgrade Strategies <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Upgrade Strategies subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-20-3-upgrade-strategies-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Upgrade Strategies"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/upgrade/dual-cluster/"> Dual-Cluster Upgrade </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/upgrade/in-place/"> In-Place Upgrade </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/upgrade/blue-green/"> Blue-Green Upgrade </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/upgrade/rolling-upgrade/"> Rolling Upgrade </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/upgrade/lts-upgrade/"> Upgrade from 2.8 LTS to 3.4 LTS </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/migrate-ce-to-ke/"> Migrate from OSS to Enterprise </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/migrate-cassandra-to-postgres/"> Migration Guidelines Cassandra to PostgreSQL </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/production/breaking-changes/"> Breaking Changes </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-kong-gateway-enterprise-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-enterprise-blue.svg" alt=""> Kong Gateway Enterprise <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong Gateway Enterprise subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-kong-gateway-enterprise-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong Gateway Enterprise"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-2-secrets-management-subtree"> Secrets Management <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Secrets Management subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-2-secrets-management-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Secrets Management"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/getting-started/"> Getting Started </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/secrets-rotation/"> Secrets Rotation </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/advanced-usage/"> Advanced Usage </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-2-5-backends-subtree"> Backends <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Backends subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-2-5-backends-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Backends"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/env/"> Environment Variables </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/aws-sm/"> AWS Secrets Manager </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/azure-key-vaults/"> Azure Key Vaults </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/gcp-sm/"> Google Cloud Secret Manager </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/hashicorp-vault/"> HashiCorp Vault </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-2-6-how-to-subtree"> How-To <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle How-To subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-2-6-how-to-subtree" role="group" aria-label="How-To"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/how-to/aws-secrets-manager/"> Securing the Database with AWS Secrets Manager </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/reference-format/"> Reference Format </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-3-dynamic-plugin-ordering-subtree"> Dynamic Plugin Ordering <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Dynamic Plugin Ordering subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-3-dynamic-plugin-ordering-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Dynamic Plugin Ordering"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/plugin-ordering/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/plugin-ordering/get-started/"> Get Started with Dynamic Plugin Ordering </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/audit-log/"> Audit Logging </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/db-encryption/"> Keyring and Data Encryption </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/workspaces/"> Workspaces </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/consumer-groups/"> Consumer Groups </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/event-hooks/"> Event Hooks </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/cp-outage-handling/"> Configure Data Plane Resilience </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/cp-outage-handling-faq/"> About Control Plane Outage Management </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-11-fips-140-2-subtree"> FIPS 140-2 <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle FIPS 140-2 subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-11-fips-140-2-subtree" role="group" aria-label="FIPS 140-2"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/fips-support/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/fips-support/install/"> Install the FIPS Compliant Package </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/fips-support/plugins/"> FIPS 140-2 Compliant Plugins </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/aws-iam-auth-to-rds-database/"> Authenticate your Kong Gateway Amazon RDS database with AWS IAM </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/signed-images/"> Verify Signatures for Signed Kong Images </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-enterprise/provenance-verification/"> Verify Build Provenance for Signed Kong Images </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-6-kong-ai-gateway-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-ai.svg" alt=""> Kong AI Gateway <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong AI Gateway subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-6-kong-ai-gateway-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong AI Gateway"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/ai-gateway/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/get-started/ai-gateway/"> Get started with AI Gateway </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-6-3-llm-provider-integration-guides-subtree"> LLM Provider Integration Guides <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle LLM Provider Integration Guides subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-6-3-llm-provider-integration-guides-subtree" role="group" aria-label="LLM Provider Integration Guides"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/openai/"> OpenAI </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/cohere/"> Cohere </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/azure/"> Azure </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/anthropic/"> Anthropic </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/mistral/"> Mistral </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/llama2/"> Llama2 </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/ai-gateway/ai-analytics/"> AI Gateway Analytics </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/?category=ai/"> AI Gateway plugins </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-kong-manager-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-manager-color.svg" alt=""> Kong Manager <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong Manager subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-kong-manager-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong Manager"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/enable/"> Enable Kong Manager </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-3-get-started-with-kong-manager-subtree"> Get Started with Kong Manager <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Get Started with Kong Manager subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-3-get-started-with-kong-manager-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Get Started with Kong Manager"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/get-started/services-and-routes/"> Services and Routes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/get-started/rate-limiting/"> Rate Limiting </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/get-started/proxy-caching/"> Proxy Caching </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/get-started/consumers/"> Authentication with Consumers </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/get-started/load-balancing/"> Load Balancing </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-4-authentication-and-authorization-subtree"> Authentication and Authorization <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Authentication and Authorization subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-4-authentication-and-authorization-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Authentication and Authorization"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/super-admin/"> Create a Super Admin </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/workspaces-and-teams/"> Workspaces and Teams </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/reset-password/"> Reset Passwords and RBAC Tokens </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/basic/"> Basic Auth </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-4-6-ldap-subtree"> LDAP <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle LDAP subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-4-6-ldap-subtree" role="group" aria-label="LDAP"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/ldap/configure/"> Configure LDAP </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/ldap/service-directory-mapping/"> LDAP Service Directory Mapping </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-4-7-oidc-subtree"> OIDC <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle OIDC subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-4-7-oidc-subtree" role="group" aria-label="OIDC"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/oidc/configure/"> Configure OIDC </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/oidc/mapping/"> OIDC Authenticated Group Mapping </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/oidc/migrate/"> Migrate from previous configurations </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/sessions/"> Sessions </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-4-9-rbac-subtree"> RBAC <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle RBAC subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-4-9-rbac-subtree" role="group" aria-label="RBAC"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/rbac/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/rbac/enable/"> Enable RBAC </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/rbac/add-role/"> Add a Role and Permissions </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/rbac/add-user/"> Create a User </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/auth/rbac/add-admin/"> Create an Admin </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/networking/"> Networking Configuration </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/workspaces/"> Workspaces </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/consumer-groups/"> Create Consumer Groups </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/configuring-to-send-email/"> Sending Email </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-manager/troubleshoot/"> Troubleshoot </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-develop-custom-plugins-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-dev-portal-color.svg" alt=""> Develop Custom Plugins <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Develop Custom Plugins subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-8-develop-custom-plugins-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Develop Custom Plugins"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-2-getting-started-subtree"> Getting Started <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Getting Started subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-8-2-getting-started-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Getting Started"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/get-started/"> Introduction </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/get-started/setup/"> Set up the Plugin Project </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/get-started/testing/"> Add Plugin Testing </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/get-started/config/"> Add Plugin Configuration </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/get-started/http/"> Consume External Services </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/get-started/deploy/"> Deploy Plugins </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/file-structure/"> File Structure </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/custom-logic/"> Implementing Custom Logic </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/configuration/"> Plugin Configuration </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/access-the-datastore/"> Accessing the Data Store </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/custom-entities/"> Storing Custom Entities </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/entities-cache/"> Caching Custom Entities </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/admin-api/"> Extending the Admin API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/tests/"> Writing Tests </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/distribution/"> Installation and Distribution </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-12-proxy-wasm-filters-subtree"> Proxy-Wasm Filters <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Proxy-Wasm Filters subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-8-12-proxy-wasm-filters-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Proxy-Wasm Filters"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/wasm/filter-development-guide/"> Create a Proxy-Wasm Filter </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/wasm/filter-configuration/"> Proxy-Wasm Filter Configuration </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-13-plugin-development-kit-subtree"> Plugin Development Kit <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Plugin Development Kit subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-8-13-plugin-development-kit-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Plugin Development Kit"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.client/"> kong.client </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.client.tls/"> kong.client.tls </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.cluster/"> kong.cluster </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.ctx/"> kong.ctx </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.ip/"> kong.ip </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.jwe/"> kong.jwe </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.log/"> kong.log </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.nginx/"> kong.nginx </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.node/"> kong.node </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.plugin/"> kong.plugin </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.request/"> kong.request </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.response/"> kong.response </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.router/"> kong.router </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.service/"> kong.service </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.service.request/"> kong.service.request </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.service.response/"> kong.service.response </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.table/"> kong.table </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.tracing/"> kong.tracing </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.vault/"> kong.vault </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.websocket.client/"> kong.websocket.client </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pdk/kong.websocket.upstream/"> kong.websocket.upstream </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-14-plugins-in-other-languages-subtree"> Plugins in Other Languages <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Plugins in Other Languages subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-8-14-plugins-in-other-languages-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Plugins in Other Languages"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pluginserver/go/"> Go </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pluginserver/javascript/"> Javascript </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pluginserver/python/"> Python </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pluginserver/plugins-kubernetes/"> Running Plugins in Containers </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/plugin-development/pluginserver/performance/"> External Plugin Performance </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-9-kong-plugins-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-api-plugins-color.svg" alt=""> Kong Plugins <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong Plugins subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-9-kong-plugins-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong Plugins"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-plugins/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-plugins/authentication/reference/"> Authentication Reference </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-plugins/authentication/allowing-multiple-authentication-methods/"> Allow Multiple Authentication Plugins </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-9-4-plugin-queuing-subtree"> Plugin Queuing <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Plugin Queuing subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-9-4-plugin-queuing-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Plugin Queuing"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-plugins/queue/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/kong-plugins/queue/reference/"> Plugin Queuing Reference </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-10-admin-api-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-admin-api-color.svg" alt=""> Admin API <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Admin API subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-10-admin-api-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Admin API"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/admin-api/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" 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<ul class="items" id="id-11-reference-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Reference"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/reference/configuration/"> kong.conf </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/reference/nginx-directives/"> Injecting Nginx Directives </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/reference/cli/"> CLI </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/reference/key-management/"> Key Management </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-11-5-the-expressions-language-subtree"> The Expressions Language <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle The Expressions Language subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-11-5-the-expressions-language-subtree" role="group" aria-label="The Expressions Language"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/reference/expressions-language/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/reference/expressions-language/language-references/"> Language References </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/3.7.x/reference/expressions-language/performance/"> Performance 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alt="enterprise-switcher-icon"> <span>Switch to <span id="switch-to-version">OSS</span></span> </span> </div> <div class="docs-toc-title"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/hub-layout/icn-on-this-page.svg" alt="On this page"><a href="#">On this page</a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="#about-the-expressions-language" class="active scroll-to">About the expressions language</a></li> <li><a href="#key-concepts" class="scroll-to">Key concepts</a></li> <li><a href="#how-routes-are-executed" class="scroll-to">How routes are executed</a></li> <li> <a href="#expression-router-examples-http" class="scroll-to">Expression router examples (HTTP)</a> <ul> <li><a href="#prefix-based-path-matching" class="scroll-to">Prefix based path matching</a></li> <li><a href="#regex-based-path-matching" class="scroll-to">Regex based path matching</a></li> <li><a href="#case-insensitive-path-matching" class="scroll-to">Case insensitive path matching</a></li> <li><a href="#match-by-header-value" class="scroll-to">Match by header value</a></li> <li><a href="#regex-captures" class="scroll-to">Regex captures</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#expression-router-examples-tcp-tls-udp" class="scroll-to">Expression router examples (TCP, TLS, UDP)</a> <ul> <li><a href="#match-by-source-ip-and-destination-port" class="scroll-to">Match by source IP and destination port</a></li> <li><a href="#match-by-sni-for-tls-routes" class="scroll-to">Match by SNI (for TLS routes)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#more-information" class="scroll-to">More information</a></li> </ul> </aside> <div class="page-content-container page-content-container-doc v2 " id="documentation"> <div class="toggles "> <i class="far fa-list-alt toc-sidebar-toggle"></i> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div class="content show-anchor-links"> <blockquote id="version-notice" class="important"> You are browsing documentation for an older version. See the <a href="/gateway/latest/reference/expressions-language/">latest documentation here</a>. </blockquote> <h1 tabindex="-1" id="main" class="page-content-title">About Expressions Language </h1> <p>With the release of version 3.0, Kong Gateway now includes a rule based engine using a domain-specific expressions language. Expressions can be used to perform tasks such as defining complex routing logic that were previously not possible with the pre-3.0 era router. This guide is a reference for the expressions language and explains how it can be used.</p> <h2 id="about-the-expressions-language">About the expressions language</h2> <p>The expressions language is a strongly typed Domain-Specific Language (DSL) that allows you to define comparison operations on various input data. The results of the comparisons can be combined with logical operations, which allows complex routing logic to be written while ensuring good runtime matching performance.</p> <h2 id="key-concepts">Key concepts</h2> <ul> <li> <strong>Field:</strong> The field contains value extracted from the incoming request. For example, the request path or the value of a header field. The field value could also be absent in some cases. An absent field value will always cause the predicate to yield <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">false</code> no matter the operator. The field always displays to the left of the predicate.</li> <li> <strong>Constant value:</strong> The constant value is what the field is compared to based on the provided operator. The constant value always displays to the right of the predicate.</li> <li> <strong>Operator:</strong> An operator defines the desired comparison action to be performed on the field against the provided constant value. The operator always displays in the middle of the predicate, between the field and constant value.</li> <li> <strong>Predicate:</strong> A predicate compares a field against a pre-defined value using the provided operator and returns <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> if the field passed the comparison or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">false</code> if it didn’t.</li> <li> <strong>Route:</strong> A route is one or more predicates combined together with logical operators.</li> <li> <strong>Router:</strong> A router is a collection of routes that are all evaluated against incoming requests until a match can be found.</li> <li> <strong>Priority:</strong> The priority is a positive integer that defines the order of evaluation of the router. The bigger the priority, the sooner a route will be evaluated. In the case of duplicate priority values between two routes in the same router, their order of evaluation is undefined.</li> </ul> <p><img src="/assets/images/products/gateway/reference/expressions-language/predicate.png" alt="Structure of a predicate"></p> <p>A predicate is structured like the following:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ^= "/foo/bar" </code></pre></div></div> <p>This predicate example has the following structure:</p> <ul> <li> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path</code>: Field</li> <li> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">^=</code>: Operator</li> <li> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">"/foo/bar"</code>: Constant value</li> </ul> <h2 id="how-routes-are-executed">How routes are executed</h2> <p>At runtime, Kong Gateway builds two separate routers for the HTTP and Stream (TCP, TLS, UDP) subsystem. Routes are inserted into each router with the appropriate <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">priority</code> field set. The router is updated incrementally as configured routes change.</p> <p>When a request/connection comes in, Kong Gateway looks at which field your configured routes require, and supplies the value of these fields to the router execution context. This is evaluated against the configured routes in descending order (routes with a higher <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">priority</code> number are evaluated first).</p> <p>As soon as a route yields a match, the router stops matching and the matched route is used to process the current request/connection.</p> <p><img src="/assets/images/products/gateway/reference/expressions-language/router-matching-flow.png" alt="Router matching flow"></p> <blockquote> <p><em><strong>Figure 1:</strong></em> Diagram of how Kong Gateway executes routes. The diagram shows that Kong Gateway selects the route that both matches the expression and then selects the matching route with the highest priority.</p> </blockquote> <h2 id="expression-router-examples-http">Expression router examples (HTTP)</h2> <h3 id="prefix-based-path-matching">Prefix based path matching</h3> <p>Prefix based path matching is one of the most commonly used methods for routing. For example, if you want to match HTTP requests that have a path starting with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/foo/bar</code>, you can write the following route:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ^= "/foo/bar" </code></pre></div></div> <h3 id="regex-based-path-matching">Regex based path matching</h3> <p>If you prefer to match a HTTP requests path against a regex, you can write the following route:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ~ r#"/foo/bar/\d+"# </code></pre></div></div> <h3 id="case-insensitive-path-matching">Case insensitive path matching</h3> <p>If you want to ignore case when performing the path match, use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lower()</code> modifier on the field to ensure it always returns a lowercase value:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>lower(http.path) == "/foo/bar" </code></pre></div></div> <p>This will match requests with a path of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/foo/bar</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/FOO/bAr</code>, for example.</p> <h3 id="match-by-header-value">Match by header value</h3> <p>If you want to match incoming requests by the value of header <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">X-Foo</code>, do the following:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.headers.x_foo ~ r#"bar\d"# </code></pre></div></div> <p>If there are multiple header values for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">X-Foo</code> and the client sends more than one <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">X-Foo</code> header with different value, the above example will ensure <strong>each</strong> instance of the value will match the regex <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">r#"bar\d"#</code>. This is called “all” style matching, meaning each instance of the field value must pass the comparison for the predicate to return <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code>. This is the default behavior.</p> <p>If you do not want this behavior, you can turn on “any” style of matching which returns <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> for the predicate as soon as any of the values pass the comparison:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>any(http.headers.x_foo) ~ r#"bar\d"# </code></pre></div></div> <p>This will return <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> as soon as any value of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.headers.x_foo</code> matches regex <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">r#"bar\d"#</code>.</p> <p>Different transformations can be chained together. The following is also a valid use case that performs case-insensitive matching:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>any(lower(http.headers.x_foo)) ~ r#"bar\d"# </code></pre></div></div> <h3 id="regex-captures">Regex captures</h3> <p>You can define regex capture groups in any regex operation which will be made available later for plugins to use. Currently, this is only supported with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path</code> field:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ~ r#"/foo/(?P<component>.+)"# </code></pre></div></div> <p>The matched value of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">component</code> will be made available later to plugins such as <a href="/hub/kong-inc/request-transformer-advanced/how-to/templates/">Request Transformer Advanced</a>.</p> <h2 id="expression-router-examples-tcp-tls-udp">Expression router examples (TCP, TLS, UDP)</h2> <h3 id="match-by-source-ip-and-destination-port">Match by source IP and destination port</h3> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>net.src.ip in 192.168.1.0/24 && net.dst.port == 8080 </code></pre></div></div> <p>This matches all clients in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">192.168.1.0/24</code> subnet and the destination port (which is listened to by Kong) is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">8080</code>. IPv6 addresses are also supported.</p> <h3 id="match-by-sni-for-tls-routes">Match by SNI (for TLS routes)</h3> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>tls.sni =^ ".example.com" </code></pre></div></div> <p>This matches all TLS connections with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.example.com</code> SNI ending.</p> <h2 id="more-information">More information</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/gateway/latest/reference/expressions-language/language-references/">Language References</a> - Once you are familiar with the expression router basics, see this documentation to understand everything the expressions language has to provide.</li> <li> <a href="/gateway/3.7.x/key-concepts/routes/expressions">How to configure Routes using Expressions</a>. - Learn how to configure routes using expressions as well as which fields are available.</li> <li> <a href="/gateway/latest/reference/expressions-language/performance/">Performance</a> - Understand performance characteristics when using the expressions router and how to optimize your routes.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/Kong/atc-router#table-of-contents" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer ">Expressions repository</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="scroll-to-top-button"> <i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i> </div> <div class="feedback-widget-container"> <input id="feedback-widget-checkbox" type="checkbox"> <label for="feedback-widget-checkbox"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/feedback-widget.svg" alt="Feedback widget"> </label> <div class="feedback-container"> <div class="feedback-thankyou"> Thank you for your feedback. </div> <div class="feedback-comment"> <textarea id="feedback-comment-text" rows="3" placeholder="Please let us know what we can improve on this page..."></textarea> <div class="feedback-comment-buttons"> <button 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