CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Brighton and Hove - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6cfadf72-1c6b-453f-987c-add6182a2662","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Brighton_and_Hove","wgTitle":"Brighton and Hove","wgCurRevisionId":1256535975,"wgRevisionId":1256535975,"wgArticleId":69452,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from February 2024","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Use British English from September 2013","Use dmy dates from May 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images", "Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles with OS grid coordinates","Articles needing cleanup from September 2024","All pages needing cleanup","Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from September 2024","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Brighton and Hove","Government agencies established in 1997","Local government in East Sussex","Unitary authority districts of England","Cities in South East England","Local government districts of South East England","Coast to Capital Local Enterprise Partnership","1997 establishments in England","Boroughs in England"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Brighton_and_Hove","wgRelevantArticleId":69452,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true ,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":50.82777777777778,"lon":-0.15277777777777776},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1022488","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Brighton and Hove - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Brighton_and_Hove rootpage-Brighton_and_Hove skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brighton+and+Hove" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brighton+and+Hove" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brighton+and+Hove" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brighton+and+Hove" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Unification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Unification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brighton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brighton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Brighton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brighton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hove</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portslade,_Portslade_Village,_and_Mile_Oak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portslade,_Portslade_Village,_and_Mile_Oak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Portslade, Portslade Village, and Mile Oak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portslade,_Portslade_Village,_and_Mile_Oak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Portslade_downland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portslade_downland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Portslade downland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portslade_downland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aldrington,_Hangleton_and_West_Blatchington" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aldrington,_Hangleton_and_West_Blatchington"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Aldrington, Hangleton and West Blatchington</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aldrington,_Hangleton_and_West_Blatchington-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hangleton_and_West_Blatchingham_downland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hangleton_and_West_Blatchingham_downland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Hangleton and West Blatchingham downland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hangleton_and_West_Blatchingham_downland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Westdene,_Withdean,_and_Patcham" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westdene,_Withdean,_and_Patcham"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Westdene, Withdean, and Patcham</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westdene,_Withdean,_and_Patcham-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waterhall_downland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterhall_downland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Waterhall downland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterhall_downland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patcham_downland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patcham_downland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Patcham downland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patcham_downland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Chattri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Chattri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>The Chattri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Chattri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hollingbury_and_Hollingdean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hollingbury_and_Hollingdean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Hollingbury and Hollingdean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hollingbury_and_Hollingdean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hollingbury_Castle,_Hollingbury_Woods,_and_Wild_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hollingbury_Castle,_Hollingbury_Woods,_and_Wild_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Hollingbury Castle, Hollingbury Woods, and Wild Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hollingbury_Castle,_Hollingbury_Woods,_and_Wild_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coldean,_Moulsecoomb,_and_Bevendean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coldean,_Moulsecoomb,_and_Bevendean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Coldean, Moulsecoomb, and Bevendean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coldean,_Moulsecoomb,_and_Bevendean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stanmer_village_and_Stanmer_park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanmer_village_and_Stanmer_park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Stanmer village and Stanmer park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanmer_village_and_Stanmer_park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bevendean_Down_and_Falmer_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevendean_Down_and_Falmer_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span>Bevendean Down and Falmer Hill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bevendean_Down_and_Falmer_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemptown,_Whitehawk_and_Roedean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemptown,_Whitehawk_and_Roedean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Kemptown, Whitehawk and Roedean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemptown,_Whitehawk_and_Roedean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whitehawk_Hill,_Sheepcote_Valley,_and_East_Brighton_Golf_Course" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitehawk_Hill,_Sheepcote_Valley,_and_East_Brighton_Golf_Course"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Whitehawk Hill, Sheepcote Valley, and East Brighton Golf Course</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitehawk_Hill,_Sheepcote_Valley,_and_East_Brighton_Golf_Course-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woodingdean,_Ovingdean,_and_Rottingdean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woodingdean,_Ovingdean,_and_Rottingdean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Woodingdean, Ovingdean, and Rottingdean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woodingdean,_Ovingdean,_and_Rottingdean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Brighton_downland_and_undercliff_path" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Brighton_downland_and_undercliff_path"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>East Brighton downland and undercliff path</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Brighton_downland_and_undercliff_path-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Brighton_and_Hove_boundary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Brighton_and_Hove_boundary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>The Brighton and Hove boundary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Brighton_and_Hove_boundary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Wards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy and demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy_and_demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy and demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Freedom of the City</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Freedom of the City subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Military units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_and_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_and_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Organisations and groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_and_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brighton and Hove</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81" title="برايتون أند هوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برايتون أند هوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" title="Brighton & Hove – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brighton & Hove" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%88" title="برایتون اند هوو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برایتون اند هوو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%96_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B2" title="Брайтан і Хоўв – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брайтан і Хоўв" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B2" title="Брайтан і Гоўв – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брайтан і Гоўв" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_a_Hove" title="Brighton a Hove – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brighton a Hove" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" title="Brighton & Hove – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brighton & Hove" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%88" title="برایتون اند هوو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برایتون اند هوو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B4%EC%95%A4%EB%93%9C%ED%98%B8%EB%B8%8C" title="브라이턴앤드호브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브라이턴앤드호브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BE" title="Բրայթոն և Հոուվ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրայթոն և Հոուվ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" title="Brighton & Hove – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brighton & Hove" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_og_Hove" title="Brighton og Hove – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brighton og Hove" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" title="Brighton & Hove – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brighton & Hove" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braitona_un_Hova" title="Braitona un Hova – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Braitona un Hova" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_an_Hove" title="Brighton an Hove – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Brighton an Hove" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Брајтон и Хоув – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брајтон и Хоув" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81" title="برايتون اند هوف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برايتون اند هوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%88" title="برایتون اند هوو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="برایتون اند هوو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%B4" title="ブライトン・アンド・ホヴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブライトン・アンド・ホヴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%92_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%88" title="برائیٹن تے ہوو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برائیٹن تے ہوو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" title="Brighton & Hove – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brighton & Hove" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Брайтон-энд-Хов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брайтон-энд-Хов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_an_Hove" title="Brighton an Hove – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Brighton an Hove" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Брајтон и Хоув – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брајтон и Хоув" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" title="Brighton & Hove – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brighton & Hove" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" title="Brighton & Hove – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Brighton & Hove" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%9F" title="ไบรตันและโฮฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไบรตันและโฮฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_ve_Hove" title="Brighton ve Hove – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brighton ve Hove" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Брайтон і Гоув – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брайтон і Гоув" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%88" title="برائیٹن اینڈ ہوو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برائیٹن اینڈ ہوو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_v%C3%A0_Hove" title="Brighton và Hove – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brighton và Hove" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Brighton and Hove" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_ngan_Hove" title="Brighton ngan Hove – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Brighton ngan Hove" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%A6%AE%E9%A0%93-%E8%B3%80%E5%A4%AB" title="白禮頓-賀夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白禮頓-賀夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_u_Hove" title="Brighton u Hove – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Brighton u Hove" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%90%8A%E9%A0%93%E5%92%8C%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="布萊頓和霍夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布萊頓和霍夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1022488#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Brighton_and_Hove" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Brighton_and_Hove" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&oldid=1256535975" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Brighton_and_Hove&id=1256535975&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrighton_and_Hove"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrighton_and_Hove"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Brighton_and_Hove&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1022488" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50_49_40_N_0_09_10_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°49′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°09′10″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.82778°N 0.15278°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.82778; -0.15278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Brighton & Hove" redirects here. For the bus company, see <a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_(bus_company)" title="Brighton & Hove (bus company)">Brighton & Hove (bus company)</a>. For the football club, see <a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_F.C." title="Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.">Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and unitary authority in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Brighton and Hove</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">City of Brighton and Hove</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:79px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_the_West_Beach,_Brighton._-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Panorama_of_the_West_Beach%2C_Brighton._-_panoramio.jpg/248px-Panorama_of_the_West_Beach%2C_Brighton._-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Panorama_of_the_West_Beach%2C_Brighton._-_panoramio.jpg/372px-Panorama_of_the_West_Beach%2C_Brighton._-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Panorama_of_the_West_Beach%2C_Brighton._-_panoramio.jpg/496px-Panorama_of_the_West_Beach%2C_Brighton._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8656" data-file-height="2779" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg/122px-Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg/183px-Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg/244px-Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_Bandstand_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2529602.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Brighton_Bandstand_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2529602.jpg/122px-Brighton_Bandstand_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2529602.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Brighton_Bandstand_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2529602.jpg/183px-Brighton_Bandstand_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2529602.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Brighton_Bandstand_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2529602.jpg/244px-Brighton_Bandstand_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2529602.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:81px;max-width:81px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peace_Statue,_Brighton_%26_Hove-geograph-3419867-by-Paul-Gillett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Peace_Statue%2C_Brighton_%26_Hove-geograph-3419867-by-Paul-Gillett.jpg/79px-Peace_Statue%2C_Brighton_%26_Hove-geograph-3419867-by-Paul-Gillett.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Peace_Statue%2C_Brighton_%26_Hove-geograph-3419867-by-Paul-Gillett.jpg/119px-Peace_Statue%2C_Brighton_%26_Hove-geograph-3419867-by-Paul-Gillett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Peace_Statue%2C_Brighton_%26_Hove-geograph-3419867-by-Paul-Gillett.jpg/158px-Peace_Statue%2C_Brighton_%26_Hove-geograph-3419867-by-Paul-Gillett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Express_Community_Stadium_on_09-08-2011_(BHAFC_v_Gillingham,_League_Cup_First_Round)_(12).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/American_Express_Community_Stadium_on_09-08-2011_%28BHAFC_v_Gillingham%2C_League_Cup_First_Round%29_%2812%29.JPG/165px-American_Express_Community_Stadium_on_09-08-2011_%28BHAFC_v_Gillingham%2C_League_Cup_First_Round%29_%2812%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/American_Express_Community_Stadium_on_09-08-2011_%28BHAFC_v_Gillingham%2C_League_Cup_First_Round%29_%2812%29.JPG/248px-American_Express_Community_Stadium_on_09-08-2011_%28BHAFC_v_Gillingham%2C_League_Cup_First_Round%29_%2812%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/American_Express_Community_Stadium_on_09-08-2011_%28BHAFC_v_Gillingham%2C_League_Cup_First_Round%29_%2812%29.JPG/330px-American_Express_Community_Stadium_on_09-08-2011_%28BHAFC_v_Gillingham%2C_League_Cup_First_Round%29_%2812%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise, from top: the seafront; the bandstand; <a href="/wiki/Falmer_Stadium" title="Falmer Stadium">Falmer Stadium</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Statue,_Brighton" title="Peace Statue, Brighton">Peace Statue</a>; <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Square_(Brighton_and_Hove)" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Square (Brighton and Hove)">Churchill Square</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Brighton_and_Hove.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Brighton and Hove"><img alt="Coat of arms of Brighton and Hove" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coat_of_arms_of_Brighton_and_Hove.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brighton_and_Hove.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coat_of_arms_of_Brighton_and_Hove.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brighton_and_Hove.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coat_of_arms_of_Brighton_and_Hove.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brighton_and_Hove.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="1090" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_and_Hove_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brighton and Hove shown within East Sussex and England"><img alt="Brighton and Hove shown within East Sussex and England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Brighton_and_Hove_UK_locator_map.svg/260px-Brighton_and_Hove_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Brighton_and_Hove_UK_locator_map.svg/390px-Brighton_and_Hove_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Brighton_and_Hove_UK_locator_map.svg/520px-Brighton_and_Hove_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="928" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Brighton and Hove shown within East Sussex and England</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brighton and Hove is located in the United Kingdom"><img alt="Brighton and Hove is located in the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg/250px-United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg/375px-United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg/500px-United_Kingdom_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="1369" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.769%;left:82.176%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brighton and Hove"><img alt="Brighton and Hove" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Brighton and Hove</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Brighton and Hove</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United Kingdom</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brighton and Hove is located in Europe"><img alt="Brighton and Hove is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.058%;left:21.714%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brighton and Hove"><img alt="Brighton and Hove" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Brighton and Hove</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Brighton and Hove (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50_49_40_N_0_09_10_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°49′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°09′10″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.82778°N 0.15278°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.82778; -0.15278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">East Sussex</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Commission_for_England_(1992)" title="Local Government Commission for England (1992)">1 April 1997</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of cities in the United Kingdom">31 January 2001</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">Unitary authority</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements#Committee_system" title="Executive arrangements">Committee system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom#Unitary_authorities" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Bella Sankey</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Mohammed Asaduzzaman</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2019 United Kingdom general election">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kyle" title="Peter Kyle">Peter Kyle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A2n_Berry" title="Siân Berry">Siân Berry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">G</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(British_politician)" title="Chris Ward (British politician)">Chris Ward</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">33.80 sq mi (83 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">34.5 sq mi (89.4 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_area" title="List of English districts by area">211th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">277,965</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">59th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,690/sq mi (3,356/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_built-up_area" title="Brighton and Hove built-up area">474,485</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of urban areas in the United Kingdom">15th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">13,740/sq mi (5,304/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">769,000 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom">15th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 85.4% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 4.8% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 4.8% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.1% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 55.2% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 30.9% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England#Christianity" title="Religion in England">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 7.1% not stated </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.1% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">Islam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_England" title="Buddhism in England">Buddhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.9% <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="History of the Jews in England">Judaism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_England" title="Hinduism in England">Hinduism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_England" title="Sikhism in England">Sikhism</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%C2%B10" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC±0">UTC±0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postcode_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom">Postcode areas</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/BN_postcode_area" title="BN postcode area">BN</a> (1, 2, 3, 41)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">00ML (ONS)<br />E06000043 (GSS)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GB-BNH</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brighton-hove.gov.uk">brighton-hove<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brighton and Hove</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span> ...<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BRY</span>-tən … <span style="font-size:90%">HOHV</span></i></a>) is a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> area, ceremonially in <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, England. There are multiple villages alongside the seaside resorts of <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a> in the district. It is administered by <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove City Council</a>, which is currently under <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> majority control. </p><p>The two resorts, along with <a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Littlehampton" title="Littlehampton">Littlehampton</a> in West Sussex, make up the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_built-up_area" title="Brighton and Hove built-up area">second most-populous built-up area</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a>, after <a href="/wiki/South_Hampshire" title="South Hampshire">South Hampshire</a>. In 2014, Brighton and Hove City Council and other nearby councils formed the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Brighton_City_Region" title="Greater Brighton City Region">Greater Brighton City Region</a> local enterprise partnership area.<sup id="cite_ref-bh-2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unification">Unification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Unification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peace_Statue,_Hove-3769266609.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Peace_Statue%2C_Hove-3769266609.jpg/170px-Peace_Statue%2C_Hove-3769266609.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Peace_Statue%2C_Hove-3769266609.jpg/255px-Peace_Statue%2C_Hove-3769266609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Peace_Statue%2C_Hove-3769266609.jpg/340px-Peace_Statue%2C_Hove-3769266609.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="2269" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Peace_Statue,_Brighton" title="Peace Statue, Brighton">Peace Statue</a> on the seafront marks the border between Brighton and Hove</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Commission_for_England_(1992)" title="Local Government Commission for England (1992)">In 1992, a government commission was set up</a> to conduct a structural review of local government arrangements across England. In its draft proposals for East Sussex, the commission suggested two separate <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary authorities">unitary authorities</a> be created for the towns of Brighton and Hove, with the latter authority to include Hove, <a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Adur_District" title="Adur District">Adur District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LGCE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGCE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Support within Brighton for its own unitary authority was high, however respondents in Hove expressed reservations towards a merger with Worthing and Adur. A report following consultation noted that more than 25% of respondents in both Brighton and Hove had "unprompted, indicated support for a merger of those two areas." Although this option had not been included in the draft proposals, subsequent polling indicated that the merger was the most popular option among residents.<sup id="cite_ref-LGCE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGCE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, the proposal of a merger proved controversial, particularly in Hove. <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hove" title="Borough of Hove">Hove</a> Borough Council opposed the move on the grounds that Brighton would dominate affairs in the city, and the commission acknowledged that residents of Hove "have significant negative feelings towards Brighton" and greater identification towards <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LGCE_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGCE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, the view was taken that support for a single tier of government in both towns outweighed opposition to unification, and as a result the commission recommended that the <a href="/wiki/Borough_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough council">borough councils</a> of <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brighton" title="Borough of Brighton">Brighton</a> and Hove be made a single unitary authority independent of <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex_County_Council" title="East Sussex County Council">East Sussex County Council</a>. In 1997, Brighton and Hove Borough Council was formed, and assumed responsibility for all matters of local government across both towns. </p><p>Twenty years earlier, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Queen's Silver Jubilee</a> celebrations, Brighton had been shortlisted as a candidate for <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a>, though eventually lost out to larger <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>. Following unification of the towns, Brighton and Hove applied for city status again as part of the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_celebrations" title="Millennium celebrations">Millennium</a> City Status Competition, and was subsequently granted city status on 31 January 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the borough council became a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom#City_councils" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city council</a>. </p><p>Although the city now operates as a single entity, locals generally still consider Brighton and Hove to be separate settlements with different identities. Hove is largely residential and has its own distinct seafront and established town centre located around George Street, while Brighton has a higher profile as the country's most popular <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resort</a>, a significant digital economy, and hosts several festivals of national prominence. Recognition of the city's twin identities is evident from the continued popularity of the local saying <a href="/wiki/Hove#"Hove,_Actually"" title="Hove">"Hove, actually"</a>, a phrase which long predates unification. </p><p>Some organisations such as the local football club, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_Albion" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton and Hove Albion">Brighton and Hove Albion</a>, and the bus company <a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_(bus_company)" title="Brighton & Hove (bus company)">Brighton & Hove</a>, predate the unification of the towns by several decades. </p><p>In 2014, Brighton and Hove formed the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Brighton_City_Region" title="Greater Brighton City Region">Greater Brighton City Region</a> with neighbouring local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-bh-2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas">Areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 380px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 380px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="380" data-height="300" data-zoom="11" data-lat="50.8445" data-lon="-0.138" data-overlays="["_c285b96b76dcdff67803575a76d4754c920558c1"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/50.8445/-0.138/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,50.8445,-0.138,380x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brighton_and_Hove&revid=1256535975&groups=_c285b96b76dcdff67803575a76d4754c920558c1" width="380" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,50.8445,-0.138,380x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brighton_and_Hove&revid=1256535975&groups=_c285b96b76dcdff67803575a76d4754c920558c1 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Downland and seafront areas in Brighton and Hove</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:382px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:380px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_and_Hove_downland_and_seafront.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brighton and Hove downland and seafront"><img alt="Brighton and Hove downland and seafront" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Brighton_and_Hove_downland_and_seafront.jpg/380px-Brighton_and_Hove_downland_and_seafront.jpg" decoding="async" width="380" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Brighton_and_Hove_downland_and_seafront.jpg/570px-Brighton_and_Hove_downland_and_seafront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Brighton_and_Hove_downland_and_seafront.jpg/760px-Brighton_and_Hove_downland_and_seafront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div style="float: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Downs_National_Park" title="South Downs National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/16px-Desc-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/24px-Desc-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/32px-Desc-i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></div>Brighton and Hove, the downland and coastal city in the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs_National_Park" title="South Downs National Park">South Downs National Park</a></div></div></div> <p>The City of Brighton and Hove consists of many districts, a stretch of coast and some downland areas. Just to the south of Brighton and Hove in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Rampion_Wind_Farm" title="Rampion Wind Farm">Rampion Wind Farm</a>, which provides renewable energy to the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brighton">Brighton</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brighton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_Town_Hall,_Bartholomews,_The_Lanes,_Brighton_(NHLE_Code_1379974)_(July_2014)_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Brighton_Town_Hall%2C_Bartholomews%2C_The_Lanes%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1379974%29_%28July_2014%29_%281%29.jpg/220px-Brighton_Town_Hall%2C_Bartholomews%2C_The_Lanes%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1379974%29_%28July_2014%29_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Brighton_Town_Hall%2C_Bartholomews%2C_The_Lanes%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1379974%29_%28July_2014%29_%281%29.jpg/330px-Brighton_Town_Hall%2C_Bartholomews%2C_The_Lanes%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1379974%29_%28July_2014%29_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Brighton_Town_Hall%2C_Bartholomews%2C_The_Lanes%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1379974%29_%28July_2014%29_%281%29.jpg/440px-Brighton_Town_Hall%2C_Bartholomews%2C_The_Lanes%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1379974%29_%28July_2014%29_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Brighton Town Hall at Bartholomews in The Lanes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brighton_beach.jpg/220px-Brighton_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brighton_beach.jpg/330px-Brighton_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brighton_beach.jpg/440px-Brighton_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Brighton beach</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brighton" title="History of Brighton">History of Brighton</a></div> <p><b>Brighton</b> has been the most populous settlement in Sussex since at least the 17th century, and a town hall and evidence of citizen's control over town affairs predates 1580.<sup id="cite_ref-Brighton_Borough_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brighton_Borough-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original parish of Brighton covered what is today much of central Brighton. The parish border ran from Little Western Street and Boundary Passage in the west, to Whitehawk Road in the east, and roughly followed the Old Shoreham Road and Bear Road to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Great Reform Act of 1832</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton (UK Parliament constituency)">parliamentary constituency of Brighton</a>. Brighton obtained a royal charter for incorporation in 1854 and was organised into six wards: Park, Pavilion, Pier, St Nicholas, St Peter, and West. The ward of <a href="/wiki/Preston_Village,_Brighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Preston Village, Brighton">Preston</a> was added in 1873, expanding Brighton to the north. In 1889 Brighton attained <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> status.<sup id="cite_ref-Brighton_Borough_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brighton_Borough-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Brighton Corporation Act of 1927 added the settlements of <a href="/wiki/Ovingdean" title="Ovingdean">Ovingdean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rottingdean" title="Rottingdean">Rottingdean</a>, as well as western parts of <a href="/wiki/Falmer" title="Falmer">Falmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington" title="West Blatchington">West Blatchington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brighton_Borough_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brighton_Borough-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These reforms expanded the Brighton the north and west dramatically. Between 1920 and 1950 housing estates were developed in <a href="/wiki/Woodingdean" title="Woodingdean">Woodingdean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb" title="Moulsecoomb">Moulsecoomb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bevendean" title="Bevendean">Bevendean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk" title="Whitehawk">Whitehawk</a> increasing the population of the town substantially. As a result, the number of wards had by now increased to 19. The rest of Falmer, <a href="/wiki/Coldean" title="Coldean">Coldean</a> and the parish of <a href="/wiki/Stanmer" title="Stanmer">Stanmer</a> were added to Brighton by the Brighton Extension Act 1951, completing the northward extension of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Brighton_Expansion_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brighton_Expansion-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A final expansion of the town's boundaries was approved in 1968, incorporating reclaimed land from the sea for the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Marina" title="Brighton Marina">Brighton Marina</a> project. </p><p>Brighton was split into two parliamentary constituencies in 1950. The first, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Pavilion</a>, covers the centre and north of the town. The second, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Kemptown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Kemptown (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Kemptown</a>, covers the east of the town. The latter has since expanded further east to include the neighbouring towns of East Saltdean, <a href="/wiki/Telscombe_Cliffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Telscombe Cliffs">Telscombe Cliffs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peacehaven" title="Peacehaven">Peacehaven</a>, all of which are administratively within the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Lewes_District" title="Lewes District">Lewes District</a>. Brighton became a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/1972_Local_Government_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Local Government Act">1972 Local Government Act</a>, losing unitary control of town affairs to <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex_County_Council" title="East Sussex County Council">East Sussex County Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brighton_Expansion_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brighton_Expansion-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reform was later followed by a reduction of wards to 16 in 1983. <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Borough Council">Brighton Borough Council</a> remained under this structure until unification with Hove. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hove">Hove</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hove"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hove_Town_Hall,_Norton_Road-Tisbury_Road-Church_Road,_Hove_(December_2016)_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hove_Town_Hall%2C_Norton_Road-Tisbury_Road-Church_Road%2C_Hove_%28December_2016%29_%282%29.JPG/220px-Hove_Town_Hall%2C_Norton_Road-Tisbury_Road-Church_Road%2C_Hove_%28December_2016%29_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hove_Town_Hall%2C_Norton_Road-Tisbury_Road-Church_Road%2C_Hove_%28December_2016%29_%282%29.JPG/330px-Hove_Town_Hall%2C_Norton_Road-Tisbury_Road-Church_Road%2C_Hove_%28December_2016%29_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hove_Town_Hall%2C_Norton_Road-Tisbury_Road-Church_Road%2C_Hove_%28December_2016%29_%282%29.JPG/440px-Hove_Town_Hall%2C_Norton_Road-Tisbury_Road-Church_Road%2C_Hove_%28December_2016%29_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Hove Town Hall on Church Road</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a></div> <p>A small parish at the end of the 18th century, <b>Hove</b> began to expand in the early 19th century alongside the westward development of Brighton, and in 1832 became incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Brighton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton (UK Parliament constituency)">the parliamentary constituency of Brighton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hove_Borough_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hove_Borough-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1873 commissioners from Hove, West Hove and <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Hove" title="Brunswick, Hove">Brunswick</a> were amalgamated as means to guard against the dominance of Brighton.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first public buildings were completed in the late 19th century, including <a href="/wiki/Hove_Town_Hall" title="Hove Town Hall">the original town hall</a> in 1882. The parish of <a href="/wiki/Aldrington" title="Aldrington">Aldrington</a> was annexed by Hove in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-Hove_Borough_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hove_Borough-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a> of Hove was formed by royal charter in 1889, granting Hove administrative autonomy. Further expansion took place in 1927, with the addition of the parishes of Preston Rural and <a href="/wiki/Hangleton" title="Hangleton">Hangleton</a> and westerly sections of <a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington" title="West Blatchington">West Blatchington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hove_Borough_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hove_Borough-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hove gained <a href="/wiki/Hove_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hove (UK Parliament constituency)">its own parliamentary constituency</a> in 1950. The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> abolished the remaining parishes of Hove, Aldrington and Hangleton and West Blatchington to form the unparished <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a> of Hove.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also incorporated the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Portslade-by-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Portslade-by-Sea">Portslade-by-Sea</a> into the new district. The new boundaries established by the Act remained largely the same until unification with Brighton a quarter of a century later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portslade,_Portslade_Village,_and_Mile_Oak"><span id="Portslade.2C_Portslade_Village.2C_and_Mile_Oak"></span>Portslade, Portslade Village, and Mile Oak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portslade, Portslade Village, and Mile Oak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak" title="Mile Oak">Mile Oak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portslade_Station_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Portslade_Station_2.jpg/220px-Portslade_Station_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Portslade_Station_2.jpg/330px-Portslade_Station_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Portslade_Station_2.jpg/440px-Portslade_Station_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Portslade Station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cockroost_Bottom_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2584773.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cockroost_Bottom_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2584773.jpg/220px-Cockroost_Bottom_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2584773.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cockroost_Bottom_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2584773.jpg/330px-Cockroost_Bottom_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2584773.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cockroost_Bottom_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2584773.jpg/440px-Cockroost_Bottom_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2584773.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Cockroost Bottom</figcaption></figure> <p>To the west of Brighton and Hove is <b><a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade</a></b>. The area has three distinct centres with different histories, and includes <b>Portslade-by-Sea</b>, <b>Portslade Village</b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak" title="Mile Oak">Mile Oak</a></b>. Each is quite different in character. </p><p>Portslade-by-Sea is largely an industrial port, with a busy canal area that opens up to the <a href="/wiki/River_Adur" title="River Adur">River Adur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. It has a long history of human settlement and the name came from the Roman port, Novus Portus. </p><p>Portslade Village has kept more of its antiquity and retains many elements of the downland village it once was. Many of the buildings have their original flint walls, and there are some early manor house ruins, tree-lined parks, a landmark church and a former convent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak" title="Mile Oak">Mile Oak</a> is a newer development. Until the 1920s it was only a small group of farm buildings with surrounding corn fields, sheep downs and market gardens. Then, suburban housing started to be built, and there was considerable further development in the 1960s with the construction of bungalows and other private housing. In the 1990s, after the construction of the new <a href="/wiki/A27_road" title="A27 road">A27 road</a>, Mile Oak's access to the Downs was largely blocked, stopping the spread of development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portslade_downland">Portslade downland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Portslade downland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trigpoint_on_the_approach_to_Mount_Zion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_669796.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Trigpoint_on_the_approach_to_Mount_Zion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_669796.jpg/220px-Trigpoint_on_the_approach_to_Mount_Zion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_669796.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Trigpoint_on_the_approach_to_Mount_Zion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_669796.jpg/330px-Trigpoint_on_the_approach_to_Mount_Zion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_669796.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Trigpoint_on_the_approach_to_Mount_Zion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_669796.jpg/440px-Trigpoint_on_the_approach_to_Mount_Zion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_669796.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Trigpoint on the approach to Mount Zion</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electricity_Pylons_on_Cockroost_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_54128.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Electricity_Pylons_on_Cockroost_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_54128.jpg/220px-Electricity_Pylons_on_Cockroost_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_54128.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Electricity_Pylons_on_Cockroost_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_54128.jpg/330px-Electricity_Pylons_on_Cockroost_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_54128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Electricity_Pylons_on_Cockroost_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_54128.jpg/440px-Electricity_Pylons_on_Cockroost_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_54128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Electricity Pylons on Cockroost Hill</figcaption></figure> <p>To the north of Mile Oak, on the other side of the A27, are a number of downland areas that are still in the Brighton and Hove area. These include the ancient chalk grassland slopes of <b>Cockroost Hill</b>, <b>Cockroost Bottom</b> and <b>Mount Zion</b>. They are all special areas because of the remarkable wildlife still surviving there, including rare downland flowers, orchids, butterflies and rare insects.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a lot of history on the slopes, including a large 4000 year old <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> settlement, a possible 'henge' (as in <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>), now lost under the A27 bypass, and evidence of <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> and Romano-British field systems.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the north of the city boundary is <a href="/wiki/Fulking" title="Fulking">Fulking</a> parish. The final stretch of the <a href="/wiki/Monarch%27s_Way" title="Monarch's Way">Monarch's Way</a> passes through Mile Oak and Porstlade. It is a 625-mile (1,006 km) long-distance <a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">footpath</a> that runs from <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a> to <a href="/wiki/Shoreham-by-Sea" title="Shoreham-by-Sea">Shoreham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aldrington,_Hangleton_and_West_Blatchington"><span id="Aldrington.2C_Hangleton_and_West_Blatchington"></span>Aldrington, Hangleton and West Blatchington</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aldrington, Hangleton and West Blatchington"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Aldrington" title="Aldrington">Aldrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangleton" title="Hangleton">Hangleton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington" title="West Blatchington">West Blatchington</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangleton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655538.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hangleton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655538.jpg/220px-Hangleton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655538.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hangleton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655538.jpg/330px-Hangleton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655538.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hangleton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655538.jpg/440px-Hangleton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655538.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hangleton in the snow</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Aldrington" title="Aldrington">Aldrington</a></b> sits between <a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade-by-Sea</a> to its west and <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a> to its east. For centuries Aldrington was largely countryside, with very few people living there for most of the Middle Ages, but it is now a residential area.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like Aldrington, <b><a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington" title="West Blatchington">West Blatchington</a></b> was once primarily down and sheep grazing area, but is now built up. West Blatchington manor had various lords over the centuries, but unlike Adrington and Hangleton, it was always associated with lords in the east such <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falmer" title="Falmer">Falmer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now known for its <a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington_Windmill" title="West Blatchington Windmill">windmill</a> and secondary school. To the east of West Blatchington is <a href="/wiki/Westdene" title="Westdene">Westdene</a>. </p><p><b>Hangleton</b> is to the north of Aldrington and sits between Portslade Village and West Blatchington. The manors of Hangleton and Aldrington formed part of the Fishersgate <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">Half Hundred</a>, together with the neighbouring manor of Portslade.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lords of the Hangleton manor from 1291 to 1446 were the de Poynings, a Sussex gentry family that gave their name to the present parish of <a href="/wiki/Poynings" title="Poynings">Poynings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hangeton was a medieval downland village in the 13th century, and by the early 14th century it had a population of about 200. Later, the village was abandoned for around six hundred years.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It started to grow again in the 1950s with other areas of Brighton and is now popular for its views of the sea and green spaces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hangleton_and_West_Blatchingham_downland">Hangleton and West Blatchingham downland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hangleton and West Blatchingham downland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Benfield_Hill" title="Benfield Hill">Benfield Hill</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Blatchington_windmill,_Hove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2117496.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/West_Blatchington_windmill%2C_Hove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2117496.jpg/220px-West_Blatchington_windmill%2C_Hove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2117496.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/West_Blatchington_windmill%2C_Hove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2117496.jpg/330px-West_Blatchington_windmill%2C_Hove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2117496.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/West_Blatchington_windmill%2C_Hove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2117496.jpg/440px-West_Blatchington_windmill%2C_Hove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2117496.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>West Blatchington windmill</figcaption></figure> <p>Between <a href="/wiki/Hangleton" title="Hangleton">Hangleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westdene" title="Westdene">Westdene</a>, south of the A27, is <b>Toads Hole Valley</b>. Its west slope, below Downland Drive, was once an unspoilt place for wildlife and still home to threatened species such as <a href="/wiki/Dormouse" title="Dormouse">dormice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehogs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vipera_berus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipera berus">adders</a>. The valley has been unmanaged for many years and the area has turned to scrub. It has now been designated for development and up to three hundred homes are planned to be built on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the north of the A27 are two golf courses, the West Hove and Brighton and Hove Golf courses. The two are divided by the <b>Old Dyke Railway Trail</b> which follows part of the route taken by the old Dyke Railway Branch Line. The line opened in September 1887 and took people from <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a> to the popular downland beauty spot of <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dyke,_Sussex" title="Devil's Dyke, Sussex">Devil's Dyke</a>. When the railway closed in December 1938, the line lay unused until the Dyke Railway Trail was created in 1988. There are a number of ways through Hangleton to a bridge over the A27 bypass where the trail begins, but the original route took you from <a href="/wiki/Aldrington_railway_station" title="Aldrington railway station">Aldrington railway station</a> and above the Hove cemetery. Much of the trail across the Downs is on a hard surface.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many archaic Down pastures in the area. To the west is <b><a href="/wiki/Benfield_Hill" title="Benfield Hill">Benfield Hill</a></b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.855968_N_0.209828_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 261 078</a></span>), a <a href="/wiki/Local_nature_reserve" title="Local nature reserve">Local Nature Reserve</a> which is famous for its <a href="/wiki/Glowworm" title="Glowworm">glowworm</a> displays on midsummer evenings. On the steep east side of the hill there is <a href="/wiki/Large_Thyme" class="mw-redirect" title="Large Thyme">large thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autumn_gentian" class="mw-redirect" title="Autumn gentian">autumn gentian</a> and many butterflies. <a href="/wiki/Bee_orchid" title="Bee orchid">Bee orchids</a> can be also found in some years.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the north of this area is the <a href="/wiki/Poynings" title="Poynings">Poynings</a> parish and the impressive geography of <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dyke,_Sussex" title="Devil's Dyke, Sussex">Devil's Dyke</a>. </p><p>To the east is <b>Round Hill</b> where there are many signs of the past from different periods of human history. There are several old <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">barrows</a> in the area. There is an old flint barn (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.866578_N_0.198053_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 269 090</a></span>) called the <b>Skeleton Hovel</b> which is thought to commemorate a prehistoric burial site. <b>Round Hill's</b> eastern slope (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.862084_N_0.198226_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 269 085</a></span>) is the richest chalk grassland site in Hangleton, though it desperately needs grazing management for its many downland flowers such as <a href="/wiki/Field_fleawort" class="mw-redirect" title="Field fleawort">field fleawort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalk_milkwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalk milkwort">chalk milkwort</a>, orchids, cowslips, <a href="/wiki/Hairy_violet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairy violet">hairy violet</a>, rockrose, <a href="/wiki/Crested_hair-grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Crested hair-grass">crested hair-grass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_bit_scabious" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil's bit scabious">devil's bit scabious</a>. There are two rare Forester moth species, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Moth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Moth">fox moth</a> and heath moth, <a href="/wiki/Purse-web_spider" class="mw-redirect" title="Purse-web spider">purse-web spider</a>, moss, and pygmy snails.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the north of Round Hill is the <a href="/wiki/Newtimber" title="Newtimber">Newtimber</a> parish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Westdene,_Withdean,_and_Patcham"><span id="Westdene.2C_Withdean.2C_and_Patcham"></span>Westdene, Withdean, and Patcham</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Westdene, Withdean, and Patcham"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Westdene" title="Westdene">Westdene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Withdean" title="Withdean">Withdean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northward_view_along_Warmdene_Road,_Patcham_(August_2013).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Northward_view_along_Warmdene_Road%2C_Patcham_%28August_2013%29.JPG/220px-Northward_view_along_Warmdene_Road%2C_Patcham_%28August_2013%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Northward_view_along_Warmdene_Road%2C_Patcham_%28August_2013%29.JPG/330px-Northward_view_along_Warmdene_Road%2C_Patcham_%28August_2013%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Northward_view_along_Warmdene_Road%2C_Patcham_%28August_2013%29.JPG/440px-Northward_view_along_Warmdene_Road%2C_Patcham_%28August_2013%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Northward view along Warmdene Road, Patcham</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westdene" title="Westdene">Westdene</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Withdean" title="Withdean">Withdean</a> are divided by the London Road. Of the three, <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.865867_N_0.152604_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 301 090</a></span>), has much the longest history of human settlement and retains much from its agricultural past. It was one of the bigger settlements in Sussex at the time of Domesday book, with 10 shepherds and six slaves and a medieval <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> came from the village.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area still has many old flint cottages, big allotment sites and winding twittens. There is <a href="/wiki/Patcham_Place" title="Patcham Place">Patcham Place</a> and Park. The best cluster of buildings comprise its <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Church,_Patcham" title="All Saints Church, Patcham">Norman church</a> (which has kept part of its medieval wall paintings) and the old buildings of Patcham Court Farm, with a 17th-century flint farmhouse and dovecot. </p><p>The areas of Withdean and Westdene were historically farmland but have been developed, mainly in the 1920s and 1930s, with a mix of detached, semi-detached and mid-rise flats. The Withdean manor was originally the property of the great <a href="/wiki/Cluniac_priories_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluniac priories in Britain">Cluniac Priory</a> of St. Pancras at Lewes, until 1537. This was then given to <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a> in 1541 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. The manor was demolished in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Westdene sits to the north of <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, east of <a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington" title="West Blatchington">West Blatchington and north of Withdean</a>. </p><p><b>Withdean Park</b> is to the east of the London Road, and is home to the national collection of <a href="/wiki/Syringa_vulgaris" title="Syringa vulgaris">lilacs</a> with over 250 varieties. Collections of <a href="/wiki/Berberis" title="Berberis">berberis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotoneaster" title="Cotoneaster">cotoneaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viburnum" title="Viburnum">viburnum</a> can also be found here.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Withdean_and_Westdene_Woods" title="Withdean and Westdene Woods"><b>Withdean Woods</b></a> is next to Withdean stadium and is a wooded hillside nature reserve approximately 2.47 acres (1 ha) in size. It is the home of several woodland birds including the <a href="/wiki/Great_spotted_woodpecker" title="Great spotted woodpecker">great spotted woodpecker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawny_owl" title="Tawny owl">tawny owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldcrest" title="Goldcrest">goldcrest</a>, firecrest, and in winter the <a href="/wiki/Stinking_hellebore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinking hellebore">stinking hellebore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waterhall_downland">Waterhall downland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Waterhall downland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sweet_Hill,_near_Patcham,_Brighton,_The_old_farm_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sweet_Hill%2C_near_Patcham%2C_Brighton%2C_The_old_farm_house.jpg/220px-Sweet_Hill%2C_near_Patcham%2C_Brighton%2C_The_old_farm_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sweet_Hill%2C_near_Patcham%2C_Brighton%2C_The_old_farm_house.jpg/330px-Sweet_Hill%2C_near_Patcham%2C_Brighton%2C_The_old_farm_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sweet_Hill%2C_near_Patcham%2C_Brighton%2C_The_old_farm_house.jpg/440px-Sweet_Hill%2C_near_Patcham%2C_Brighton%2C_The_old_farm_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1517" /></a><figcaption>Sweet Hill, near Patcham, Brighton, The old farm house</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varncombe_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1640421.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Varncombe_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1640421.jpg/220px-Varncombe_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1640421.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Varncombe_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1640421.jpg/330px-Varncombe_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1640421.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Varncombe_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1640421.jpg/440px-Varncombe_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1640421.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Varncombe Hill</figcaption></figure> <p>To the west of the A23 and north of Westdene and the A27 is <b>Waterhall</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.863551_N_0.176854_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 284 087</a></span>), and its lost 18th century farm is now the site of football and rugby pitches. The Waterhall Golf Course has just been given over to a version of rewilding which involves the restoration of species-rich chalk grassland<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is still a significant population of adders. By the bridlepath just downhill of the old clubhouse there are the damaged remains of a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> round barrow (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.863573_N_0.178274_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 283 087</a></span>) which has long acted as a marker on the old parish boundaries. Since the cessation of golf play <a href="/wiki/Campanula_rotundifolia" title="Campanula rotundifolia">harebell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Succisa_pratensis" title="Succisa pratensis">scabious</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caltha_palustris" title="Caltha palustris">cowslip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_rose" title="Rock rose">rockrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betonica_officinalis" title="Betonica officinalis">betony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Round-headed_rampion" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-headed rampion">Sussex rampion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hippocrepis_comosa" title="Hippocrepis comosa">horseshoe vetch</a> have flowered ebulliently. There are large old anthills and <a href="/wiki/Chalkhill_blue" title="Chalkhill blue">chalkhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_blue" title="Small blue">small</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adonis_blue" title="Adonis blue">adonis blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown_argus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown argus">brown argus</a> butterflies, and all three species of Forester moth. At the corner of the Saddlescombe Road and the turn-off to the golf clubhouse, there is a sarsen stone (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.866380_N_0.185270_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 278 090</a></span>) marking this point in the medieval boundary between <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington" title="West Blatchington">West Blatchington</a> parishes.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the north is <b>Varncombe Hill</b>, which borders the <a href="/wiki/Newtimber" title="Newtimber">Newtimber</a> parish. Its south-west facing slope(<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.874425_N_0.182115_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 280 099</a></span>) is heavily scrubbed-up, though lovely old pasture glades survive. <a href="/wiki/Rockrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockrose">Rockrose</a> is one of the commonest flowers here, with some of its associated fungi. The west facing slopes of Varncombe Hill (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.879840_N_0.183326_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 279 105</a></span>) were sold by Brighton Council with the rest of Saddlescombe Farm to the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>, but the Trust did not dedicate them as <a href="/wiki/Access_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Access land">Access land</a>, though they qualified and the National Trust had the power to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the east of Waterhall is <b>Sweet Hill</b>. The Hill has a flowery bank on its western slope (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.867101_N_0.173873_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 286 091</a></span>), a bushy <a href="/wiki/Lynchet" title="Lynchet">lynchet</a> and an old dewpond site on its brow. The <a href="/wiki/Sussex_Border_Path" title="Sussex Border Path">Sussex Border Path</a> takes you north to <b>Pangdean Bottom</b> and the <a href="/wiki/Pyecombe" title="Pyecombe">Pyecombe</a> parish. Pangdean Bottom is the west of the A23 and is rented by a tenant farmer from <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove City Council</a>, who have owned it since 1924. It includes ancient chalk grassland slopes where there are still chalkland flowers and butterflies. In late summer, the valley's north side has one of the largest populations of <a href="/wiki/Autumn_Ladies%27-tresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Autumn Ladies'-tresses">autumn ladies-tresses</a> orchid has been recorded, together with a large population of the white variety of the <a href="/wiki/Prunella_vulgaris" title="Prunella vulgaris">self heal violet</a>. The scrub at the head of the valley is old and diverse, with <a href="/wiki/Viburnum_lantana" title="Viburnum lantana">wayfaring tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clematis_vitalba" title="Clematis vitalba">old man's beard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honeysuckle" title="Honeysuckle">honeysuckle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">hazel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gorse" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorse">gorse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2021 the Sussex-based 'Landscapes of Freedom' group, together with <a href="/wiki/Nick_Hayes" title="Nick Hayes">Nick Hayes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Shrubsole" title="Guy Shrubsole">Guy Shrubsole</a> of the 'Right to Roam' network, organised a mass trespass in protest against the lack of public access to this valley and its management for game bird shooting, which has badly affected its chalk grassland wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 300 people walked from Waterhall, Brighton, to Pangdean Bottom in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public are actively discouraged from walking in the area and scrub has been allowed to grow on the pristine downland, whilst other parts have been ploughed out.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the north of the city boundary in this area is the <a href="/wiki/Pyecombe" title="Pyecombe">Pycombe</a> parish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Patcham_downland">Patcham downland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Patcham downland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ladies_Mile,_Brighton" title="Ladies Mile, Brighton">Ladies Mile, Brighton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ewe_Bottom_from_the_Sussex_Border_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1748020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ewe_Bottom_from_the_Sussex_Border_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1748020.jpg/220px-Ewe_Bottom_from_the_Sussex_Border_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1748020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ewe_Bottom_from_the_Sussex_Border_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1748020.jpg/330px-Ewe_Bottom_from_the_Sussex_Border_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1748020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ewe_Bottom_from_the_Sussex_Border_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1748020.jpg/440px-Ewe_Bottom_from_the_Sussex_Border_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1748020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Ewe Bottom from the Sussex Border Path</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_on_Tegdown_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_699188.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sheep_on_Tegdown_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_699188.jpg/220px-Sheep_on_Tegdown_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_699188.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sheep_on_Tegdown_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_699188.jpg/330px-Sheep_on_Tegdown_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_699188.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sheep_on_Tegdown_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_699188.jpg/440px-Sheep_on_Tegdown_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_699188.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Sheep on Tegdown Hill</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southwestward_view_along_Ladies_Mile,_Patcham_(February_2014).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Southwestward_view_along_Ladies_Mile%2C_Patcham_%28February_2014%29.JPG/220px-Southwestward_view_along_Ladies_Mile%2C_Patcham_%28February_2014%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Southwestward_view_along_Ladies_Mile%2C_Patcham_%28February_2014%29.JPG/330px-Southwestward_view_along_Ladies_Mile%2C_Patcham_%28February_2014%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Southwestward_view_along_Ladies_Mile%2C_Patcham_%28February_2014%29.JPG/440px-Southwestward_view_along_Ladies_Mile%2C_Patcham_%28February_2014%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Southwestward view along Ladies Mile, Patcham</figcaption></figure> <p>The Downland to the north of Patcham leads up to <a href="/wiki/Ditchling_Beacon" title="Ditchling Beacon">Ditchling Beacon</a> and the western end of the <a href="/wiki/Clayton_to_Offham_Escarpment" title="Clayton to Offham Escarpment">Clayton to Offham Escarpment</a>. <b>Tegdown Hill</b> is the next hill to the west of the downland Ditchling Road. A remarkable "ring barrow" survives (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.875482_N_0.135167_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 313 101</a></span>) on its brow, together with the slight mounds of two other bowl barrows. Tegdown ring barrow has been described as "probably the best of this type in the county".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of a circular bank with a ditch and a flattish interior. It lies just south of a big dried up dew pond. From Tegdown you can see the three <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> camps of <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury_Castle" title="Hollingbury Castle">Hollingbury Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ditchling_Beacon" title="Ditchling Beacon">Ditchling Beacon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dyke,_Sussex" title="Devil's Dyke, Sussex">Devil's Dyke</a><b>.</b> To the north of the city boundary is the long <a href="/wiki/Ditchling" title="Ditchling">Ditchling</a> parish. </p><p>The Mid Sussex track of the Sussex Border Path starts at the A27 roundabout and the eastern track takes you up <b>Ewebottom Hiil</b> leaving <b>Scare Hill</b> to its west, passing the <a href="/wiki/Chattri,_Brighton" title="Chattri, Brighton"><b>Chattri</b></a> to the east and on to <b>Holt Hill</b> and the <a href="/wiki/Pyecombe" title="Pyecombe">Pyecombe</a> parish. The western track takes you to Waterhall across the A23. </p><p>Those walking from <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a> towards Standean farm descend the hill into <b>Ewe Bottom</b> and have the pleasure of the intact, old Tegdown pastures to their right, where the steepest slope and the lynchets have fine chalk downland flowers. Opposite the slope is the mouth of <b>Deep Bottom</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.879303_N_0.149230_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 303 105</a></span>), the southerly slope of which is a colourful old pasture site with abundant rockrose and which rises up to the <a href="/wiki/Chattri,_Brighton" title="Chattri, Brighton"><b>Chattri</b></a>. In autumn there are <a href="/wiki/Bolete" title="Bolete">boletes</a> and several old meadow <a href="/wiki/Waxcaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Waxcaps">waxcaps</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Clavaria_fragilis" title="Clavaria fragilis">fairy club</a> fungus.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the south of the A27 and on the western edge of Patcham is <a href="/wiki/Ladies_Mile,_Brighton" title="Ladies Mile, Brighton">Ladies Mile</a> Down (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.868178_N_0.128352_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 318 093</a></span>), which has designated as a <a href="/wiki/Local_nature_reserve" title="Local nature reserve">Local nature reserve</a>. The area is a remarkable survival of plateau chalk grassland on Downland, where almost all such flattish sites have been destroyed by modern farming. The ancient turf has preserved lots of odd linear banks, which are surviving fragments of an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> and Romano-British <a href="/wiki/Lynchet" title="Lynchet">lynchetted field</a> system. The banks once stretched across the line of the A27 bypass, beyond which one or two more fragments also survive. At the eastern end of the Down, is a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Burial_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial mound">burial mound</a> recognisable as a low, grassy tump. The area is rich with summer flowers. <a href="/wiki/Harebell" class="mw-redirect" title="Harebell">Harebell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Round-headed_rampion" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-headed rampion">Sussex rampion</a> flower, rockrose, and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Rattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Rattle">yellow rattle</a> are enjoyed by locals here and at midsummer there are still good numbers of <a href="/wiki/Glowworm" title="Glowworm">glowworms</a>. Later in the summer months, the violet-blue of <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_bit_scabious" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil's bit scabious">devil's-bit scabious</a> and the powder-blue lesser scabious radiate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Chattri">The Chattri</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Chattri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chattri,_Brighton" title="Chattri, Brighton">Chattri, Brighton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chattri_Brighton_from_the_West.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chattri_Brighton_from_the_West.jpg/220px-Chattri_Brighton_from_the_West.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chattri_Brighton_from_the_West.jpg/330px-Chattri_Brighton_from_the_West.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chattri_Brighton_from_the_West.jpg/440px-Chattri_Brighton_from_the_West.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Chattri Brighton from the West</figcaption></figure> <p>The Chattri (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.883775_N_0.147631_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 304 110</a></span>) is a place of memorial and a destination for walks. It can be accessed from the Sussex Border Path to its west or by scrambling through the thickets of Deep Bottom. It is a solemn place where the bodies of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> Indian <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> soldiers who died from wounds whilst being nursed at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Pavilion" title="Royal Pavilion">Brighton Pavilion</a> "passed through the fire", for this was their "ghat", or place of cremation. Its white Sicilian marble dome is in good condition, but the surrounding memorial garden is often unkept.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hollingbury_and_Hollingdean">Hollingbury and Hollingdean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hollingbury and Hollingdean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury" title="Hollingbury">Hollingbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hollingdean" title="Hollingdean">Hollingdean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northeastward_view_along_Hollingbury_Crescent,_Hollingdean,_Brighton_(October_2011)_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Northeastward_view_along_Hollingbury_Crescent%2C_Hollingdean%2C_Brighton_%28October_2011%29_%282%29.JPG/220px-Northeastward_view_along_Hollingbury_Crescent%2C_Hollingdean%2C_Brighton_%28October_2011%29_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Northeastward_view_along_Hollingbury_Crescent%2C_Hollingdean%2C_Brighton_%28October_2011%29_%282%29.JPG/330px-Northeastward_view_along_Hollingbury_Crescent%2C_Hollingdean%2C_Brighton_%28October_2011%29_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Northeastward_view_along_Hollingbury_Crescent%2C_Hollingdean%2C_Brighton_%28October_2011%29_%282%29.JPG/440px-Northeastward_view_along_Hollingbury_Crescent%2C_Hollingdean%2C_Brighton_%28October_2011%29_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Northeastward view along Hollingbury Crescent, Hollingdean</figcaption></figure> <p>What is now considered to be <b><a href="/wiki/Hollingbury" title="Hollingbury">Hollingbury</a></b> is the slope facing west, east of <a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a> and north of <a href="/wiki/Fiveways,_Brighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiveways, Brighton">Fiveways</a>. However, old Hollingbury was the crest of the hill by the <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury_Castle" title="Hollingbury Castle">hillfort</a>, Hollingbury Park and even the east-facing slope. Until the 1930s the area was open downland with farms, small-holdings and piggeries. After World War Two, Hollingbury was used for a factory estate with the housing for the workforce. </p><p><b>Hollingdean</b> is in the combe east of Ditchling Road and rising up to the north-facing slope to Roedale allotments, the golf course and <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury_Castle" title="Hollingbury Castle">hillfort</a>. It is now mainly a residential area, with many <a href="/wiki/Council_house" title="Council house">council houses</a> to the east and low-rise flats in the central part, with late 19th- and early 20th-century terraced houses towards <a href="/wiki/Fiveways,_Brighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiveways, Brighton">Fiveways</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hollingbury_Castle,_Hollingbury_Woods,_and_Wild_Park"><span id="Hollingbury_Castle.2C_Hollingbury_Woods.2C_and_Wild_Park"></span>Hollingbury Castle, Hollingbury Woods, and Wild Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hollingbury Castle, Hollingbury Woods, and Wild Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury_Castle" title="Hollingbury Castle">Hollingbury Castle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Hollingbury_Hill,_Brighton_(July_2015)_(10).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/View_from_Hollingbury_Hill%2C_Brighton_%28July_2015%29_%2810%29.JPG/220px-View_from_Hollingbury_Hill%2C_Brighton_%28July_2015%29_%2810%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/View_from_Hollingbury_Hill%2C_Brighton_%28July_2015%29_%2810%29.JPG/330px-View_from_Hollingbury_Hill%2C_Brighton_%28July_2015%29_%2810%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/View_from_Hollingbury_Hill%2C_Brighton_%28July_2015%29_%2810%29.JPG/440px-View_from_Hollingbury_Hill%2C_Brighton_%28July_2015%29_%2810%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>View from Hollingbury Hill, Brighton</figcaption></figure> <p>There is an oasis of undeveloped green space at the peak of the Down between <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury" title="Hollingbury">Hollingbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollingdean" title="Hollingdean">Hollingdean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coldean" title="Coldean">Coldean</a>. At its centre is <b><a href="/wiki/Hollingbury_Castle" title="Hollingbury Castle">Hollingbury Castle</a></b> or Hillfort (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.854605_N_0.123212_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 322 078</a></span>).This <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Age hill fort">Iron Age hillfort</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">scheduled ancient monument</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> date, whilst the four mounded <a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">round barrows</a> within its ramparts are made by <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> people, who held this place sacred.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are thickets of gorse which shine yellow in spring and are home to <a href="/wiki/Common_linnet" title="Common linnet">linnets</a> and goldfinch. <a href="/wiki/European_stonechat" title="European stonechat">European stonechat</a> is a familiar bird, too, and the rarer <a href="/wiki/Whinchat" title="Whinchat">whinchat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Redstart" title="Redstart">redstart</a> are seen regularly on passage to and from their breeding grounds. The soil within and around the camp has a layer of superficial acidity, with <a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">sorrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bent_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Bent grass">bent-grass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tormentil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tormentil">tormentil</a> growing there.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> To the south is Hollingbury Golf Course, the <b>Roedale allotments</b> and <b>Hollingbury Park</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.852091_N_0.134679_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 314 075</a></span>). The park was originally part of the golf course. Its Edwardian pavilion was the original (circa 1908) clubhouse. East of the Park is the two-century-old <b>Hollingbury Woods</b>, now full of the rotting carcasses of <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a> giants toppled in the <a href="/wiki/Great_storm_of_1987" title="Great storm of 1987">1987 gale</a>. It is a popular walk, with Fittleworth Stone walks, glades, and benches. It has received the loving care of a local "Friends" group for many years now.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Footpath_towards_Moulsecoomb_Wild_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1832847.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Footpath_towards_Moulsecoomb_Wild_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1832847.jpg/220px-Footpath_towards_Moulsecoomb_Wild_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1832847.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Footpath_towards_Moulsecoomb_Wild_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1832847.jpg/330px-Footpath_towards_Moulsecoomb_Wild_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1832847.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Footpath_towards_Moulsecoomb_Wild_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1832847.jpg/440px-Footpath_towards_Moulsecoomb_Wild_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1832847.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Footpath towards Moulsecoomb Wild Park</figcaption></figure> <p>To the west of Moulsecoombe is <b>Wild Park</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.856288_N_0.116041_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 327 080</a></span>). The park is a valley/coombe which runs down from Hollingbury Castle and was opened in 1925. In the 1850s the valley, then known as Hollingbury Coombe, was one of the most famous of Sussex sites for lepidopterists (butterfly and moth experts), but <a href="/wiki/Dark_green_fritillary" title="Dark green fritillary">dark green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silver-washed_fritillary" title="Silver-washed fritillary">silver-washed fritillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hesperia_comma" title="Hesperia comma">silver-spotted skipper</a>, once present in numbers, are rarely seen there now. Despite this, there are parts which are still rich in diversity and it is still good for butterflies. In spring one may still see the <a href="/wiki/Green_hairstreak" title="Green hairstreak">green hairstreak</a> or <a href="/wiki/Orange-Tip_Butterfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange-Tip Butterfly">orange-tip</a> or find the wacky small <a href="/wiki/Bloody-nosed_beetle" title="Bloody-nosed beetle">bloody-nosed beetle</a> and there are still <a href="/wiki/Adonis_blue" title="Adonis blue">adonis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalkhill_blue" title="Chalkhill blue">chalkhill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_blue" title="Common blue">common blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown_argus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown argus">brown argus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glowworm" title="Glowworm">glowworms</a> in midsummer. There are also orchids, <a href="/wiki/Harebells" class="mw-redirect" title="Harebells">harebells</a>, sheets of <a href="/wiki/Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">rockrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Round-headed_rampion" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-headed rampion">Sussex rampion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_bit_scabious" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil's bit scabious">devil's-bit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carline_Thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carline Thistle">carline thistle</a>. In autumn there are fungi too, including <a href="/wiki/Boletus_edulis" title="Boletus edulis">penny-bun bolete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collared_earthstar" class="mw-redirect" title="Collared earthstar">collared earthstar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phallaceae" title="Phallaceae">stinkhorn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coprinus_comatus" title="Coprinus comatus">shaggy inkcap</a> in the circling woods.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coldean,_Moulsecoomb,_and_Bevendean"><span id="Coldean.2C_Moulsecoomb.2C_and_Bevendean"></span>Coldean, Moulsecoomb, and Bevendean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Coldean, Moulsecoomb, and Bevendean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Coldean" title="Coldean">Coldean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb" title="Moulsecoomb">Moulsecoomb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bevendean" title="Bevendean">Bevendean</a></div> <p><b>Coldean</b>, <b>Moulsecoomb</b>, and <b>Bevendean</b> are suburbs developed by Brighton Corporation in the 1950s necessitated by the acute housing shortage in the area after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The districts are all in beautiful downland areas. </p><p>Coldean occupies a deep valley on the historic boundary of <a href="/wiki/Falmer" title="Falmer">Falmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanmer" title="Stanmer">Stanmer</a> parishes and is only separated from <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury_Hillfort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollingbury Hillfort">Hollingbury Hillfort</a> by Wild Park. It has recently been approved to build over two hundred new homes in green land adjoining the South Downs and Stanmer Estate that ten years ago had been proposed to be a <a href="/wiki/Local_nature_reserve" title="Local nature reserve">Local Nature Reserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bevendean is in a valley nestled between <a href="/wiki/Bevendean_Down" title="Bevendean Down">Bevendean Down</a> and Heath Hill. </p><p>Moulsecoomb is on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Lewes_Road,_Brighton" title="Lewes Road, Brighton">Lewes Road</a> and backs on to Falmer Hill, and is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">University of Brighton's</a> Moulsecoomb campus and <a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb_Place" title="Moulsecoomb Place">Moulsecoomb Place</a>. North of Moulsecoomb is the <a href="/wiki/Falmer_railway_station" title="Falmer railway station">Falmer train station</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">University of Brighton's</a> Falmer campus, and <a href="/wiki/Falmer_Stadium" title="Falmer Stadium">Falmer Stadium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stanmer_village_and_Stanmer_park">Stanmer village and Stanmer park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Stanmer village and Stanmer park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Stanmer" title="Stanmer">Stanmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanmer_Park" title="Stanmer Park">Stanmer Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Spring_Growth_in_Stanmer_Park_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Early_Spring_Growth_in_Stanmer_Park_2.jpg/220px-Early_Spring_Growth_in_Stanmer_Park_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Early_Spring_Growth_in_Stanmer_Park_2.jpg/330px-Early_Spring_Growth_in_Stanmer_Park_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Early_Spring_Growth_in_Stanmer_Park_2.jpg/440px-Early_Spring_Growth_in_Stanmer_Park_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1972" /></a><figcaption>Stanmer Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13%E2%80%9316_Stanmer_Park,_Stanmer_(NHLE_Code_1380967)_(April_2013).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/13%E2%80%9316_Stanmer_Park%2C_Stanmer_%28NHLE_Code_1380967%29_%28April_2013%29.JPG/220px-13%E2%80%9316_Stanmer_Park%2C_Stanmer_%28NHLE_Code_1380967%29_%28April_2013%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/13%E2%80%9316_Stanmer_Park%2C_Stanmer_%28NHLE_Code_1380967%29_%28April_2013%29.JPG/330px-13%E2%80%9316_Stanmer_Park%2C_Stanmer_%28NHLE_Code_1380967%29_%28April_2013%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/13%E2%80%9316_Stanmer_Park%2C_Stanmer_%28NHLE_Code_1380967%29_%28April_2013%29.JPG/440px-13%E2%80%9316_Stanmer_Park%2C_Stanmer_%28NHLE_Code_1380967%29_%28April_2013%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1525" /></a><figcaption>Stanmer Village</figcaption></figure> <p>In this area to the north east of Coldean are two further valleys. The first is occupied by <b>Stanmer village</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.865207_N_0.111418_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 33 09</a></span>), a village with much historical value. The upper village street has eighteen flint cottages, with colourful gardens. The church was reconstructed in 1838, but the date of the original church can be guessed from the two huge and knotty <a href="/wiki/Yew" title="Yew">yews</a> in the churchyard. Next to the church is a pond, which although often unkempt, is probably the reason why Stanmer is so called, as "stan mere" is likely to derive from the Saxon "stony pool".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>:312</sup> Between the church and the barn is a Tudor well 252 feet deep and a wooden donkey wheel, like that at Saddlescombe, contained within a flint well-house. The well was in use until mains water was installed in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Stanmer Woods</b> were transformed in the 18th century after the Pelhams, later Earls of Chichester, had bought them. They planted a circle of woods along the hill-tops surrounding the dry valley in which the village lay and more shaws and clumps were scattered within. In 2007 the City Council took the initiative after the recent retirement of the Park's farming tenant and opened up all the closed woods and pasture fields to public access.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paths, gates and benches the council made are all popular with Brighton residents and beyond. </p><p>The largest plantation is called the <b>Great Wood</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.865091_N_0.104317_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 335 090</a></span>) and has acquired many of the plants of ancient woodland, some by planting and some have made their own way there. Under the council's control there has been much imaginative new planting too: "The trees are laid out alphabetically, with Acer and <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">Betula</a> at the lower east end and <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">Ulmus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zelkova" title="Zelkova">Zelkova</a> high up to the west".,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the lawns behind the House is a gigantic <a href="/wiki/Blue_Atlas_Cedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Atlas Cedar">Blue Atlas Cedar</a> with several slighter companions. </p><p>The next valley is occupied by the <b><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a></b>, which opened in 1961. In 2021, it is the place of study of over 16,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Brighton and Hove City border is surrounded by the large <a href="/wiki/Falmer" title="Falmer">Falmer</a> parish in this area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bevendean_Down_and_Falmer_Hill">Bevendean Down and Falmer Hill</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bevendean Down and Falmer Hill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bevendean_Down" title="Bevendean Down">Bevendean Down</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bevendean_Down_(Local_Nature_Reserve),_Bevendean_(May_2020)_(6).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bevendean_Down_%28Local_Nature_Reserve%29%2C_Bevendean_%28May_2020%29_%286%29.JPG/220px-Bevendean_Down_%28Local_Nature_Reserve%29%2C_Bevendean_%28May_2020%29_%286%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bevendean_Down_%28Local_Nature_Reserve%29%2C_Bevendean_%28May_2020%29_%286%29.JPG/330px-Bevendean_Down_%28Local_Nature_Reserve%29%2C_Bevendean_%28May_2020%29_%286%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bevendean_Down_%28Local_Nature_Reserve%29%2C_Bevendean_%28May_2020%29_%286%29.JPG/440px-Bevendean_Down_%28Local_Nature_Reserve%29%2C_Bevendean_%28May_2020%29_%286%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Bevendean Down (Local Nature Reserve)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridleway,_Falmer_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bridleway%2C_Falmer_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62988.jpg/220px-Bridleway%2C_Falmer_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62988.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bridleway%2C_Falmer_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62988.jpg/330px-Bridleway%2C_Falmer_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bridleway%2C_Falmer_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62988.jpg/440px-Bridleway%2C_Falmer_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Bridleway, Falmer Hill</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Bevendean_Down" title="Bevendean Down">Bevendean Down</a></b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.838244_N_0.112506_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 33 06</a></span>) is a local nature reserve (LNR). Its hot, south-facing slopes and as a result is home to lizards and many butterflies. The area is well looked after by local people in cooperation with the tenant farmer and the Council rangers. There is a dew pond where <a href="/wiki/Swallow" title="Swallow">swallows</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="House Martin">house martins</a> skim the water. <a href="/wiki/Chalkhill_blue" title="Chalkhill blue">Chalkhill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adonis_blue" title="Adonis blue">adonis blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown_argus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown argus">brown argus</a> butterflies are found in numbers in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Hogtrough Bottom</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.847001_N_0.097947_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 340 070</a></span>) has a mixture of taller grassland, short <a href="/wiki/Sheep%27s-fescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep's-fescue">sheep's fescue</a> turf, and scrub. On the shorter ground some years are large swarms of <a href="/wiki/Autumn_Ladies%27-tresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Autumn Ladies'-tresses">autumn ladies tresses</a>. There are lots of scarce species such as <a href="/wiki/Bastard_Toadflax" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastard Toadflax">bastard toadflax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waxcap" class="mw-redirect" title="Waxcap">waxcap</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Webcap" class="mw-redirect" title="Webcap">webcap</a> fungi, <a href="/wiki/Four-spot_orb-weaver" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-spot orb-weaver">four-spot orb-weaver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purseweb_spider" class="mw-redirect" title="Purseweb spider">purseweb spiders</a>, but the tapestry of summer colours is the main delight which come from the purple <a href="/wiki/Knapweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Knapweed">knapweed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Felwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Felwort">felwort</a>, blue <a href="/wiki/Scabiosa" title="Scabiosa">scabious</a>, yellow <a href="/wiki/Hawkbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawkbit">hawkbit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rockrose_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockrose family">rockrose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the southern side of Bevendean is <b>Heath Hill</b> which runs up to Warren Road and two horse pasture smallholdings, Southdown Riding Stables (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.836331_N_0.105482_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 335 058</a></span>) and Inglesíde Stables to the east. Neither receive any agro-chemicals and consequently have gathered rich wildlife in the past half century. <a href="/wiki/Swallow" title="Swallow">Swallows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swift_(bird)" title="Swift (bird)">swifts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dung_beetle" title="Dung beetle">dung beetles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rook_(bird)" title="Rook (bird)">rooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_woodpecker" title="Green woodpecker">woodpecker</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hornet_robberfly" title="Hornet robberfly">hornet robberfly</a> all survive on the rich supply of insects attracted by the pony dung.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the farmsteads of Southdown's and Ingleside Stables are targeted for housing development within <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove City Council</a>'s draft City Plan Part 2. The loss of these two farmsteads, which organise the grazing of these nature-rich pastures, would put them at risk.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the east of Heath Hill is Race Hill which is part of the Bevendean Down LNR. The Brighton Permaculture Trust has created a community orchard on Race Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Falmer Hill</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.851808_N_0.062234_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 365 076</a></span>) gives great views across to <a href="/wiki/Hollingbury_Castle" title="Hollingbury Castle">Hollingbury Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanmer_Park" title="Stanmer Park">Stanmer Park</a> and the higher Downs beyond. The Hill's top remained unploughed till the last World War. It had a cluster of about ten probably Saxon <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">barrows</a> and a couple of <a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">round barrows</a>. Nothing remains now except white smears of chalk and flint on the ploughed earth, where the barrows were.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the west of the Hill is City boundary which borders the <a href="/wiki/Kingston_near_Lewes" title="Kingston near Lewes">Kingston near Lewes</a> parish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemptown,_Whitehawk_and_Roedean"><span id="Kemptown.2C_Whitehawk_and_Roedean"></span>Kemptown, Whitehawk and Roedean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Kemptown, Whitehawk and Roedean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kemptown,_Brighton" title="Kemptown, Brighton">Kemptown, Brighton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk" title="Whitehawk">Whitehawk</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Roedean,_East_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Roedean, East Sussex">Roedean, East Sussex</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1%E2%80%9314_Chichester_Terrace,_Kemp_Town,_Brighton_(NHLE_Code_1380256)_(September_2018)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1%E2%80%9314_Chichester_Terrace%2C_Kemp_Town%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380256%29_%28September_2018%29_%282%29.jpg/220px-1%E2%80%9314_Chichester_Terrace%2C_Kemp_Town%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380256%29_%28September_2018%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1%E2%80%9314_Chichester_Terrace%2C_Kemp_Town%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380256%29_%28September_2018%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-1%E2%80%9314_Chichester_Terrace%2C_Kemp_Town%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380256%29_%28September_2018%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1%E2%80%9314_Chichester_Terrace%2C_Kemp_Town%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380256%29_%28September_2018%29_%282%29.jpg/440px-1%E2%80%9314_Chichester_Terrace%2C_Kemp_Town%2C_Brighton_%28NHLE_Code_1380256%29_%28September_2018%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>1–14 Chichester Terrace, Kemp Town</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kemp Town</b> is a district to east of Brighton. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Read_Kemp" title="Thomas Read Kemp">Thomas Read Kemp</a> (1782–1844). It includes the elegant Grade I listed buildings such as those of <a href="/wiki/Sussex_Square,_Brighton" title="Sussex Square, Brighton">Sussex Square</a>, Lewes Crescent, Arundel, and Chichester Terraces, and the less prestigious areas such as Rock Gardens to the east. The area includes the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sussex_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Sussex Hospital">Royal Sussex Hospital</a>. The beach south of Kemp Town is known as <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_(Brighton_and_Hove)" title="Black Rock (Brighton and Hove)">Black Rock</a>. To the east of Kemp Town is <a href="/wiki/Roedean,_East_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Roedean, East Sussex">Roedean gap</a>. There is some housing and <a href="/wiki/Roedean_School" title="Roedean School">Roedean school</a>, a public girls school that faces the sea. </p><p>To the north of Kemp Town is Whitehawk, a district of Brighton that has been built since 1931. On the saddle between <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_Hill" title="Whitehawk Hill">Whitehawk Hill</a> and Race Hill is <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_Camp" title="Whitehawk Camp">Whitehawk Camp</a> which is a <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Causewayed_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Causewayed camp">causewayed camp</a>, one of eight causewayed camps known to have existed in the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">Sussex Downs</a>. The camp is a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Ancient_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Ancient Monument">scheduled ancient monument</a>. To the northwest of Whitehawk is <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Race_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Race Course">Brighton Race Course</a>. Horse racing started on the Hill in the late 18th century next to the causewayed camp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whitehawk_Hill,_Sheepcote_Valley,_and_East_Brighton_Golf_Course"><span id="Whitehawk_Hill.2C_Sheepcote_Valley.2C_and_East_Brighton_Golf_Course"></span>Whitehawk Hill, Sheepcote Valley, and East Brighton Golf Course</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Whitehawk Hill, Sheepcote Valley, and East Brighton Golf Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_Hill" title="Whitehawk Hill">Whitehawk Hill</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheepcote_Valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2585297.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sheepcote_Valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2585297.jpg/220px-Sheepcote_Valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2585297.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sheepcote_Valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2585297.jpg/330px-Sheepcote_Valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2585297.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sheepcote_Valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2585297.jpg/440px-Sheepcote_Valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2585297.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Sheepcote Valley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westward_view_across_Brighton_from_Whitehawk_Hill_(November_2020)_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Westward_view_across_Brighton_from_Whitehawk_Hill_%28November_2020%29_%281%29.JPG/220px-Westward_view_across_Brighton_from_Whitehawk_Hill_%28November_2020%29_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Westward_view_across_Brighton_from_Whitehawk_Hill_%28November_2020%29_%281%29.JPG/330px-Westward_view_across_Brighton_from_Whitehawk_Hill_%28November_2020%29_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Westward_view_across_Brighton_from_Whitehawk_Hill_%28November_2020%29_%281%29.JPG/440px-Westward_view_across_Brighton_from_Whitehawk_Hill_%28November_2020%29_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Westward view across Brighton from Whitehawk Hill</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Whitehawk Hill</b>'s lower slopes have large allotment sites, and there is <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Whitehawk Hill transmitting station">a transmitting station</a> on its top. To the north of the hilltop is the neolithic <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_Camp" title="Whitehawk Camp">Whitehawk Camp</a>. </p><p>To the east of Whitehawk is <b>Sheepcote Valley</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.824509_N_0.097442_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 341 045</a></span>). Here over 90 hectares (220 acres) are open to the public. In the 1870s there was a rifle range for volunteer soldiers sited here. The park was acquired in 1913 and laid out with plants and sports pitches in 1925. The northern part of the Valley served for many years as a municipal rubbish dump. When that purpose was completed, however, a kilometre and more of the upper Valley was terraced with six giant steps, which have now softened further with the cover of grass and low scrub. Now many birds breed in the area and many more pass through and stop extended periods on migration. Uncommon bird species are often seen there, such as rare <a href="/wiki/Warbler" title="Warbler">warblers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wryneck" title="Wryneck">wryneck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Redstart" title="Redstart">redstarts</a>. Sheepcote's lower valley has a caravan park where the first municipal site in the country was opened in 1938. There are playing fields embraced by the valley slopes and a café in East Brighton Park.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To its east is <b>East Brighton Golf Course</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.821696_N_0.090457_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 346 042</a></span>) with extensive roughs, scrub thickets, and woodland. In winter, <a href="/wiki/Short-eared_owl" title="Short-eared owl">short-eared owls</a> often reside in the area. Below the course is Roedean Bottom (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.813538_N_0.086531_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 349 033</a></span>). It sits between Roedean School and a pitch and putt golf course. On the east slope of the Bottom there is a little piece of aboriginal Downland turf, where in late summer <a href="/wiki/Autumn_Ladies%27-tresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Autumn Ladies'-tresses">autumn ladies tresses</a> orchid grow, with <a href="/wiki/Carline_Thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carline Thistle">carline thistle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hairy_violet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairy violet">hairy violet</a>. Tiny moss snail in the turf demonstrates the site's antiquity. East again from the Golf Course (and southwest of Woodingdean) is <b>Wick Bottom</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.819806_N_0.084855_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 35 04</a></span>). This peaceful dean takes its name from the medieval farm on the Falmer Road, now long-gone. The name 'wick' may denote a far more ancient, perhaps Roman, farmstead. In modern times it has been a place of arable stubbles, but there be a good array of chalk loving plants such as <a href="/wiki/Night_flowering_catchfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Night flowering catchfly">night flowering catchfly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henbit_deadnettle" class="mw-redirect" title="Henbit deadnettle">henbit deadnettle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_Madder" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Madder">field madder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Round-leaved_fluellen" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-leaved fluellen">round-leaved fluellen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Common_fumitory" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fumitory">common fumitory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Woodingdean,_Ovingdean,_and_Rottingdean"><span id="Woodingdean.2C_Ovingdean.2C_and_Rottingdean"></span>Woodingdean, Ovingdean, and Rottingdean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Woodingdean, Ovingdean, and Rottingdean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Woodingdean" title="Woodingdean">Woodingdean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovingdean" title="Ovingdean">Ovingdean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rottingdean" title="Rottingdean">Rottingdean</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill,_East_Sussex" title="Beacon Hill, East Sussex">Beacon Hill, East Sussex</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Wulfran,_Ovingdean_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/St_Wulfran%2C_Ovingdean_02.jpg/170px-St_Wulfran%2C_Ovingdean_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/St_Wulfran%2C_Ovingdean_02.jpg/255px-St_Wulfran%2C_Ovingdean_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/St_Wulfran%2C_Ovingdean_02.jpg/340px-St_Wulfran%2C_Ovingdean_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3887" data-file-height="5183" /></a><figcaption>St Wulfran, Ovingdean</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ovingdean" title="Ovingdean">Ovingdean</a></b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.815195_N_0.077946_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 355 035</a></span>) is east of Brighton and slightly set back from the sea. It is a historic settlement that has existed since at least the Iron Age </p><p>about 600 BC. In ancient documents, the area is described as "Ofamn-inge-denu" or "the valley of the enclosure of Ofa's people".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Domesday book of 1086 records that the manor of 'hovingedene'. At that time the population of Ovingdean was about 90 people who included the lord of the manor and his family. </p><p>By 2020 there were nearer 1,200 inhabitants and many new buildings, but the old core of Ovingdean still exists and many flint walls, old cottages, barns (converted) and gentry houses have been retained. The Norman church of <a href="/wiki/St_Wulfran%27s_Church,_Ovingdean" title="St Wulfran's Church, Ovingdean">St Wulfran's</a> is the oldest surviving building in the village and has lots of surviving early details. North of the church the stonewalled paddock is full of humps and hollows that mark where a Saxon thane had his manor house. To the south of the village in front of the sea is one of <a href="/wiki/Blind_Veterans_UK" title="Blind Veterans UK">Blind Veterans UK</a>'s rehabilitation centres. On the beach is a cafe and beach for rock pooling at low tide. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Rottingdean" title="Rottingdean">Rottingdean</a></b> is east of <a href="/wiki/Ovingdean" title="Ovingdean">Ovingdean</a> and has more history still. The first settled inhabitants of Rottingdean were the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> people, arriving around 2500 BC. It later became famed for sea faring activities and primarily a centre for smuggling. Rottingdean is its own parish despite being with the Brighton and Hove boundary. <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill,_East_Sussex" title="Beacon Hill, East Sussex">Beacon Hill</a> is a Local Nature Reserve (LNR) set up because of its pristine <a href="/wiki/Chalk_grassland" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalk grassland">chalk grassland</a> and archaeological features. A historic windmill is at the centre of the nature reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Woodingdean" title="Woodingdean">Woodingdean</a></b> is north of Ovingdean and east of the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Racecourse" title="Brighton Racecourse">Brighton Racecourse</a>. It was extensively developed during the 1950s and 1960s when most of the roads in the north-eastern and southern ends of the village were built. The name Woodingdean came from Woodendean (i.e. wooded valley) Farm which was situated in the south end of what is now Ovingdean.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This farm existed from before 1714 until 1979. Perhaps the earliest farming settlement to be identified in the area was situated in Wick Bottom. It was here that the Wick Farm, later Warren Farm was situated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Brighton_downland_and_undercliff_path">East Brighton downland and undercliff path</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: East Brighton downland and undercliff path"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Undercliff_path_East_of_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_234393.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Undercliff_path_East_of_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_234393.jpg/220px-Undercliff_path_East_of_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_234393.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Undercliff_path_East_of_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_234393.jpg/330px-Undercliff_path_East_of_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_234393.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Undercliff_path_East_of_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_234393.jpg/440px-Undercliff_path_East_of_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_234393.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Undercliff path East of Brighton</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Happy_Valley_%5E_Woodingdean_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1930380.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Happy_Valley_%5E_Woodingdean_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1930380.jpg/220px-Happy_Valley_%5E_Woodingdean_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1930380.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Happy_Valley_%5E_Woodingdean_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1930380.jpg/330px-Happy_Valley_%5E_Woodingdean_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1930380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Happy_Valley_%5E_Woodingdean_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1930380.jpg/440px-Happy_Valley_%5E_Woodingdean_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1930380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Happy Valley, Woodingdean</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Track_at_The_Bostle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2126615.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Track_at_The_Bostle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2126615.jpg/220px-Track_at_The_Bostle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2126615.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Track_at_The_Bostle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2126615.jpg/330px-Track_at_The_Bostle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2126615.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Track_at_The_Bostle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2126615.jpg/440px-Track_at_The_Bostle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2126615.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Track at The Bostle</figcaption></figure> <p>Between the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Marina" title="Brighton Marina">Brighton Marina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saltdean" title="Saltdean">Saltdean</a> is the <b>undercliff path</b>. It passes cafes at Ovingdean and Rottingdean. Many people use the path to walk, run or cycle either for amusement or to reach their destinations avoiding the up and down of the busy road above. The entire stretch of beach provides excellent home to rock pool loving species and sea and wading birds take advantage. <a href="/wiki/Northern_fulmar" title="Northern fulmar">Fulmars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_raven" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern raven">ravens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_pipits" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock pipits">rock pipits</a> are just some of the bird life that nest in the chalk cliffs. This area is the only place on these southern cliffs that <a href="/wiki/Sea_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea stock">sea stock</a> is native. <a href="/wiki/Sea-lavender" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea-lavender">Sea lavender</a> also clings to the cliff ledges. Occasionally one can find <a href="/wiki/Crithmum" title="Crithmum">samphire</a>, too.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the west of the Falmer Road from Woodingdean is <b>Happy Valley</b> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.825933_N_0.074665_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 357 047</a></span>), a bushy, cattle-grazed slope with old Down pasture herbs, bits of gorse, and thorn. Further south is Mount Pleasant (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.824206_N_0.078995_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 354 045</a></span>). The west slope looks over <b>Wick Bottom</b> and is a small triangle of rich chalk grassland. It's rough and derelict, but special wildlife clings on. There's big swarms of <a href="/wiki/Round-headed_rampion" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-headed rampion">Pride of Sussex rampion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropwort" title="Dropwort">dropwort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Vetch" class="mw-redirect" title="Horseshoe Vetch">horseshoe vetch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hairy_violet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairy violet">hairy violet</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_stonechat" title="European stonechat">European stonechat</a> frequent its thorn and bramble.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just east of Woodingdean, is <b>the Bostle</b> barrow field (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.831894_N_0.054538_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 371 054</a></span>). There is a cluster of at least twenty-seven small low grassy mounds, which are probably Saxon, and three larger, probably <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> barrows on the top of the hill just south of the bridleway fence line. The barrow field is a 'precious fragment' of antiquity surrounded by agricultural fields. The Bostle combe slope (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.826502_N_0.054762_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 371 048</a></span>) is an ancient Down pasture slope with the softest <a href="/wiki/Sheep%27s-fescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep's-fescue">sheep's fescue</a> turf, just south of the barrow field.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>East a little further there is one of the most special natural sites in the Brighton area, <a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Brighton" title="Castle Hill, Brighton">Castle Hill</a> (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brighton_and_Hove&params=50.841662_N_0.047030_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ 376 065</a></span>). The area is known for its <a href="/wiki/Early_spider-orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Early spider-orchid">early spider orchids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roesel%27s_bush-cricket" title="Roesel's bush-cricket">Roesel's bush-cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wart-biter" title="Wart-biter">wart-biter</a> grasshopper, and dramatic butterfly displays that include <a href="/wiki/Dark_green_fritillary" title="Dark green fritillary">dark green fritillary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adonis_blue" title="Adonis blue">adonis blue</a>, and thousands of <a href="/wiki/Chalkhill_blue" title="Chalkhill blue">chalkhill blues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Brighton_and_Hove_boundary">The Brighton and Hove boundary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The Brighton and Hove boundary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patcham_Pylons,_A23_(London_Road),_Patcham_(from_SW).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Patcham_Pylons%2C_A23_%28London_Road%29%2C_Patcham_%28from_SW%29.jpg/220px-Patcham_Pylons%2C_A23_%28London_Road%29%2C_Patcham_%28from_SW%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Patcham_Pylons%2C_A23_%28London_Road%29%2C_Patcham_%28from_SW%29.jpg/330px-Patcham_Pylons%2C_A23_%28London_Road%29%2C_Patcham_%28from_SW%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Patcham_Pylons%2C_A23_%28London_Road%29%2C_Patcham_%28from_SW%29.jpg/440px-Patcham_Pylons%2C_A23_%28London_Road%29%2C_Patcham_%28from_SW%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Patcham Pylons mark the border of Brighton and Hove on the A23</figcaption></figure> <p>From west to east the administrative boundary of Brighton and Hove begins on the coast at Gate 4 of Shoreham Port. It crosses the <a href="/wiki/Southwick_Ship_Canal" title="Southwick Ship Canal">Southwick Ship Canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/A259" class="mw-redirect" title="A259">A259</a> between Brambledean Road and St Richard's Road in <a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade</a>. From here, the border joins Eastbrook Road, and runs north up St Aubrey's Crescent. It then runs along the <a href="/wiki/Sussex_Border_Path" title="Sussex Border Path">Sussex Border Path</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Fishersgate_railway_station" title="Fishersgate railway station">Fishersgate Station</a>, separating Portslade from the neighbouring town of <a href="/wiki/Southwick,_West_Sussex" title="Southwick, West Sussex">Southwick</a>. Running west of <a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak" title="Mile Oak">Mile Oak</a>, the border crosses the <a href="/wiki/A27_road" title="A27 road">A27</a> skirting Mile Oak Farm and continues towards <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dyke,_Sussex" title="Devil's Dyke, Sussex">Devil's Dyke</a>, before turning east over the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">Downs</a>. The border then extends north from Tydell Farm to the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Pyecombe" title="Pyecombe">Pyecombe</a> – its most northerly point. It crosses the <a href="/wiki/A23_road" title="A23 road">A23</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Patcham_Pylon" title="Patcham Pylon">Patcham Pylons</a>, which signifies the border for incoming traffic. </p><p>Continuing east, the border runs north of the <a href="/wiki/Chattri,_Brighton" title="Chattri, Brighton">Chattri</a> and Standean Farm, before crossing Ditchling Road at the Upper Lodges and running along the northerly limits of <a href="/wiki/Stanmer_Park" title="Stanmer Park">Stanmer Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanmer" title="Stanmer">Stanmer Village</a>. At this point, the border turns south and runs to the eastern edge of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a> campus, re-crossing the A27 along The Drove and passing east of <a href="/wiki/Falmer_Stadium" title="Falmer Stadium">Falmer Stadium</a>. It continues along The Drove and Falmer Road to <a href="/wiki/Woodingdean" title="Woodingdean">Woodingdean</a>. Running north of Woodingdean, the border then heads southeast through <a href="/wiki/Balsdean" title="Balsdean">Balsdean</a> before adjoining to a footpath which enters <a href="/wiki/Saltdean" title="Saltdean">Saltdean</a> at the top of Longridge Avenue. The border runs down Longridge Avenue to the junction with Lynwood Road, where it turns south over houses and back across the A259 before returning the coastline at the eastern end of Saltdean Beach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove City Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_local_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton and Hove local elections">Brighton and Hove local elections</a></div> <p>As a unitary authority, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove City Council</a> provides local government services, combining the functions of a non-metropolitan county and district council. Elections to the council are held every four years, with the most recent taking place in <a href="/wiki/2019_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2019</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Councillors annually elect a Mayor of Brighton and Hove – a ceremonial position. The current mayor is Councillor Jackie O'Quinn.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A proposal to introduce a <a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Directly elected mayors in England and Wales">directly elected mayor</a> to the city was <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales_mayoral_referendums" title="England and Wales mayoral referendums">rejected by referendum</a> in 2001. As a result, the council uses a cabinet system to form its executive. Geoff Raw is the current chief executive.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Town_Hall,_England" title="Brighton Town Hall, England">Brighton Town Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Lanes" title="The Lanes">The Lanes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hove_Town_Hall" title="Hove Town Hall">Hove Town Hall</a> on Church Road are used as meeting places for council. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BHCC_Composition_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/BHCC_Composition_2023.png/220px-BHCC_Composition_2023.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/BHCC_Composition_2023.png/330px-BHCC_Composition_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/BHCC_Composition_2023.png/440px-BHCC_Composition_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>The council is currently composed of 38 Labour, 7 Green, 6 Conservative and 3 independent councillors</figcaption></figure> <p>The council was under <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> majority control until <a href="/wiki/2003_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2003 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2003</a>, when it fell into <a href="/wiki/No_overall_control" title="No overall control">no overall control</a> until 2023. During this period the council has been controlled by minority administrations of all three major parties in Brighton and Hove: Labour, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/GPEW" class="mw-redirect" title="GPEW">Greens</a>. The first Green administration, elected in <a href="/wiki/2011_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2011 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2011</a>, was the first time any Green Party had run a council in the UK, highlighting the city as the party's primary area of support. A Labour administration was elected in <a href="/wiki/2015_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2015 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2015</a>, and the party narrowly retained a plurality in <a href="/wiki/2019_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2019</a>, however expulsions from the Labour group led to the Greens regaining control of the administration in 2020. At the 2023 local elections, Labour regained control of the council.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bella Sankey is the current Leader of the council.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three constituencies cover Brighton and Hove in the <a href="/wiki/UK_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Parliament">UK Parliament</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hove_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hove (UK Parliament constituency)">Hove</a> is represented by Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kyle" title="Peter Kyle">Peter Kyle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Pavilion</a>, which covers central and northern Brighton, was represented by Green MP <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Caroline Lucas</a> – the UK's first and, until <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a>, only, MP from the Green Party. In 2024 Lucas stood down and was replaced by another member of the Green Party, <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A2n_Berry" title="Siân Berry">Siân Berry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Kemptown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Kemptown (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Kemptown</a>, which covers East Brighton, as well as areas outside of Brighton and Hove, such as <a href="/wiki/Telscombe_Cliffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Telscombe Cliffs">Telscombe Cliffs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peacehaven" title="Peacehaven">Peacehaven</a>, is represented by Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(British_politician)" title="Chris Ward (British politician)">Chris Ward</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wards">Wards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Wards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ward </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Population (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Ward </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Population (2021) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Brunswick and Adelaide </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward13-Brunswick_and_Adelaide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BHward13-Brunswick_and_Adelaide.jpg/175px-BHward13-Brunswick_and_Adelaide.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BHward13-Brunswick_and_Adelaide.jpg/263px-BHward13-Brunswick_and_Adelaide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BHward13-Brunswick_and_Adelaide.jpg/350px-BHward13-Brunswick_and_Adelaide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>9,916 </td> <td>Preston Park </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward10-Preston_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BHward10-Preston_Park.jpg/175px-BHward10-Preston_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BHward10-Preston_Park.jpg/263px-BHward10-Preston_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BHward10-Preston_Park.jpg/350px-BHward10-Preston_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>14,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central Hove </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward21-Central_Hove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BHward21-Central_Hove.jpg/175px-BHward21-Central_Hove.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BHward21-Central_Hove.jpg/263px-BHward21-Central_Hove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BHward21-Central_Hove.jpg/350px-BHward21-Central_Hove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>9,319 </td> <td>Queens Park </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward5-Queen%27s_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BHward5-Queen%27s_Park.jpg/175px-BHward5-Queen%27s_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BHward5-Queen%27s_Park.jpg/263px-BHward5-Queen%27s_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BHward5-Queen%27s_Park.jpg/350px-BHward5-Queen%27s_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>15,646 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Brighton </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward4-East_Brighton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BHward4-East_Brighton.jpg/175px-BHward4-East_Brighton.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BHward4-East_Brighton.jpg/263px-BHward4-East_Brighton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BHward4-East_Brighton.jpg/350px-BHward4-East_Brighton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>14,230 </td> <td>Regency </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward12-Regency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/BHward12-Regency.jpg/175px-BHward12-Regency.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/BHward12-Regency.jpg/263px-BHward12-Regency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/BHward12-Regency.jpg/350px-BHward12-Regency.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>9,953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goldsmid </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward14-Goldsmid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BHward14-Goldsmid.jpg/175px-BHward14-Goldsmid.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BHward14-Goldsmid.jpg/263px-BHward14-Goldsmid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BHward14-Goldsmid.jpg/350px-BHward14-Goldsmid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>15,857 </td> <td>Rottingdean Coastal </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward1-Rottingdean_Coastal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BHward1-Rottingdean_Coastal.jpg/175px-BHward1-Rottingdean_Coastal.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BHward1-Rottingdean_Coastal.jpg/263px-BHward1-Rottingdean_Coastal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BHward1-Rottingdean_Coastal.jpg/350px-BHward1-Rottingdean_Coastal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>14,293 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hangleton and Knoll </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward16-Hangleton_and_Knoll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BHward16-Hangleton_and_Knoll.jpg/175px-BHward16-Hangleton_and_Knoll.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BHward16-Hangleton_and_Knoll.jpg/263px-BHward16-Hangleton_and_Knoll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BHward16-Hangleton_and_Knoll.jpg/350px-BHward16-Hangleton_and_Knoll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>15,227 </td> <td>South Portslade </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward18-South_Portslade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BHward18-South_Portslade.jpg/175px-BHward18-South_Portslade.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BHward18-South_Portslade.jpg/263px-BHward18-South_Portslade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BHward18-South_Portslade.jpg/350px-BHward18-South_Portslade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>9,895 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanover and Elm Grove </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward6-Hanover_and_Elm_Grove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BHward6-Hanover_and_Elm_Grove.jpg/175px-BHward6-Hanover_and_Elm_Grove.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BHward6-Hanover_and_Elm_Grove.jpg/263px-BHward6-Hanover_and_Elm_Grove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BHward6-Hanover_and_Elm_Grove.jpg/350px-BHward6-Hanover_and_Elm_Grove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>16,014 </td> <td>St Peter's and North Laine </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward11-St_Peter%27s_and_North_Laine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BHward11-St_Peter%27s_and_North_Laine.jpg/175px-BHward11-St_Peter%27s_and_North_Laine.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BHward11-St_Peter%27s_and_North_Laine.jpg/263px-BHward11-St_Peter%27s_and_North_Laine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BHward11-St_Peter%27s_and_North_Laine.jpg/350px-BHward11-St_Peter%27s_and_North_Laine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>17,669 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hollingdean and Stamner </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward7-Hollingdean_and_Stanmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BHward7-Hollingdean_and_Stanmer.jpg/175px-BHward7-Hollingdean_and_Stanmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BHward7-Hollingdean_and_Stanmer.jpg/263px-BHward7-Hollingdean_and_Stanmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BHward7-Hollingdean_and_Stanmer.jpg/350px-BHward7-Hollingdean_and_Stanmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>16,878 </td> <td>Westbourne </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward20-Westbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BHward20-Westbourne.jpg/175px-BHward20-Westbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BHward20-Westbourne.jpg/263px-BHward20-Westbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BHward20-Westbourne.jpg/350px-BHward20-Westbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>9,785 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hove Park </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward15-Hove_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BHward15-Hove_Park.jpg/175px-BHward15-Hove_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BHward15-Hove_Park.jpg/263px-BHward15-Hove_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BHward15-Hove_Park.jpg/350px-BHward15-Hove_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>11,072 </td> <td>Wish </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward19-Wish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/BHward19-Wish.jpg/175px-BHward19-Wish.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/BHward19-Wish.jpg/263px-BHward19-Wish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/BHward19-Wish.jpg/350px-BHward19-Wish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>10,333 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moulsecoombe and Bevendean </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward3-Moulsecoomb_and_Bevendean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BHward3-Moulsecoomb_and_Bevendean.jpg/175px-BHward3-Moulsecoomb_and_Bevendean.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BHward3-Moulsecoomb_and_Bevendean.jpg/263px-BHward3-Moulsecoomb_and_Bevendean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BHward3-Moulsecoomb_and_Bevendean.jpg/350px-BHward3-Moulsecoomb_and_Bevendean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>16,887 </td> <td>Withdean </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward9-Withdean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BHward9-Withdean.jpg/175px-BHward9-Withdean.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BHward9-Withdean.jpg/263px-BHward9-Withdean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BHward9-Withdean.jpg/350px-BHward9-Withdean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>14,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Portslade </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward17-North_Portslade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BHward17-North_Portslade.jpg/175px-BHward17-North_Portslade.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BHward17-North_Portslade.jpg/263px-BHward17-North_Portslade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BHward17-North_Portslade.jpg/350px-BHward17-North_Portslade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>10,129 </td> <td>Woodingdean </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Brighton_and_Hove_wards_-Woodingdean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Map_of_Brighton_and_Hove_wards_-Woodingdean.jpg/175px-Map_of_Brighton_and_Hove_wards_-Woodingdean.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Map_of_Brighton_and_Hove_wards_-Woodingdean.jpg/263px-Map_of_Brighton_and_Hove_wards_-Woodingdean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Map_of_Brighton_and_Hove_wards_-Woodingdean.jpg/350px-Map_of_Brighton_and_Hove_wards_-Woodingdean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>9,773 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Patcham </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BHward8-Patcham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BHward8-Patcham.jpg/175px-BHward8-Patcham.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BHward8-Patcham.jpg/263px-BHward8-Patcham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BHward8-Patcham.jpg/350px-BHward8-Patcham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td>14,505 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_demography">Economy and demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy and demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brighton#Economy" title="Brighton">Brighton § Economy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_and_Hove_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brighton_and_Hove_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Brighton_and_Hove_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brighton_and_Hove_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Brighton_and_Hove_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brighton_and_Hove_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Brighton_and_Hove_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2743" data-file-height="2163" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid of Brighton and Hove in 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of the city is service-based with a strong emphasis on creative, digital and electronic technologies. Tourism and entertainment are important sectors for the city, which has many hotels and amusements, as well as <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pier" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Pier">Brighton Pier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoreham-by-Sea" title="Shoreham-by-Sea">Shoreham/Portslade Harbour</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">United Kingdom Census 2011</a> showed a substantial fall in the proportion of the population claiming <a href="/wiki/Jobseeker%27s_Allowance" title="Jobseeker's Allowance">Jobseeker's Allowance</a> or <a href="/wiki/Income_Support" title="Income Support">Income Support</a>, from 10.1% of the resident population in 2001, to 4.5% of the resident population in 2011<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-ons_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ons-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography">Demography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first census of Brighton was in 1801.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resident population of Brighton and Hove at the 2011 census was 273,369 persons, 50% male and 50% female.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2011 census found the ethnic composition of Brighton and Hove to be 89.1% white (80.5% white British, 1.4% white Irish, 7.1% other white), 4.1% Asian (1.1% Chinese, 1.1% Indian, 0.5% Bangladeshi, 1.2% other Asian), 3.8% mixed race (1.5% mixed black/white, 1.2% mixed white/Asian, 1.0% other mix), 1.5% black, and 0.8% Arab.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2011 census found the religious composition to be 42.90% Christian, 42.42% nonreligious, 2.23% Muslim, 1.00% Buddhist, and 0.98% Jewish. 1.66% were adherents of some other religion, while 8.81% did not state their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2001 census, Brighton and Hove had the highest percentage of citizens <a href="/wiki/Jedi_census_phenomenon" title="Jedi census phenomenon">indicating their religion</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jedi</a> among all <a href="/wiki/Principal_area" title="Principal area">principal areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Ethnic Group </th> <th colspan="8">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1991<sup id="cite_ref-:412_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:412-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-:36_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:36-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>: Total </th> <th>221,767 </th> <th>96.9% </th> <th>233,582 </th> <th>94.3% </th> <th>243,512 </th> <th>89.1% </th> <th>236,571 </th> <th>85.4% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>218,134 </td> <td>88% </td> <td>220,018 </td> <td>80.5% </td> <td>204,831 </td> <td>73.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Irish" title="White Irish">Irish</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,965 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,772 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,944 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Gypsy_or_Irish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="White Gypsy or Irish Traveller">Gypsy or Irish Traveller</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>198 </td> <td> </td> <td>197 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>787 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,483 </td> <td>4.6% </td> <td>19,524 </td> <td>7.1% </td> <td>26,812 </td> <td>9.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian or Asian British</a>: Total </th> <th>3,845 </th> <th>1.7% </th> <th>5,844 </th> <th>2.4% </th> <th>11,278 </th> <th>4.1% </th> <th>13,217 </th> <th>4.7% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">Indian</a> </td> <td>1,241 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,106 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,996 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,633 </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a> </td> <td>283 </td> <td> </td> <td>540 </td> <td> </td> <td>649 </td> <td> </td> <td>929 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshis" title="British Bangladeshis">Bangladeshi</a> </td> <td>465 </td> <td> </td> <td>975 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,367 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,729 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> </td> <td>965 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,305 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,999 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,065 </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: Other Asian </td> <td>891 </td> <td> </td> <td>918 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,267 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,861 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black or Black British</a>: Total </th> <th>1,343 </th> <th>0.6% </th> <th>1,992 </th> <th>0.8% </th> <th>4,188 </th> <th>1.5% </th> <th>5,458 </th> <th>2% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">African</a> </td> <td>562 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,380 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,893 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,949 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> </td> <td>323 </td> <td> </td> <td>468 </td> <td> </td> <td>879 </td> <td> </td> <td>988 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">Other Black</a> </td> <td>458 </td> <td> </td> <td>144 </td> <td> </td> <td>416 </td> <td> </td> <td>521 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed or British Mixed</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>4,799 </th> <th>1.9% </th> <th>10,408 </th> <th>3.8% </th> <th>13,228 </th> <th>4.7% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black Caribbean </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>834 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,182 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,410 </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black African </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>961 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,019 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,334 </td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,582 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,351 </td> <td> </td> <td>4,198 </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: Other Mixed </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,422 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,856 </td> <td> </td> <td>4,286 </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other: Total </th> <th>2,017 </th> <th>1% </th> <th>1,600 </th> <th>0.6% </th> <th>3,983 </th> <th>1.5% </th> <th>8,629 </th> <th>3.1% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Arab </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,184 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>3,049 </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Any other ethnic group </td> <td>2,017 </td> <td>1% </td> <td>1,600 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>1,799 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>5,580 </td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>228,972 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>247,817 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>273,369 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>277,103 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>No religion </th> <th>66,955 </th> <th>27.0 </th> <th>115,954 </th> <th>42.4 </th> <th>152,966 </th> <th>55.2 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Holds religious beliefs </th> <th>158,849 </th> <th>64.1 </th> <th>133,326 </th> <th>48.8 </th> <th>104,377 </th> <th>37.7 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/20px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/30px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/40px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> </td> <td align="right">146,466 </td> <td align="right">59.1 </td> <td align="right">117,276 </td> <td align="right">42.9 </td> <td align="right">85,629 </td> <td align="right">30.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/20px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/40px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> </td> <td align="right">1,747 </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="right">2,742 </td> <td align="right">1.0 </td> <td align="right">2,455 </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/20px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/31px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/40px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> </td> <td align="right">1,300 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td align="right">1,792 </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="right">2,100 </td> <td align="right">0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/20px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/40px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> </td> <td align="right">3,358 </td> <td align="right">1.4 </td> <td align="right">2,670 </td> <td align="right">1.0 </td> <td align="right">2,455 </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/20px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/40px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> </td> <td align="right">3,635 </td> <td align="right">1.5 </td> <td align="right">6,095 </td> <td align="right">2.2 </td> <td align="right">8,500 </td> <td align="right">3.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/19px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/29px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/39px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> </td> <td align="right">237 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td> <td align="right">342 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td> <td align="right">378 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion </td> <td align="right">2,106 </td> <td align="right">0.8 </td> <td align="right">2,409 </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td> <td align="right">2,860 </td> <td align="right">1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Religion not stated </th> <th align="right">22,013 </th> <th align="right">8.9 </th> <th align="right">24,089 </th> <th align="right">8.8 </th> <th align="right">19,760 </th> <th align="right">7.1 </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th align="right">247,817 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right">273,369 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right">277,103 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Sussex" title="BBC Radio Sussex">BBC Radio Sussex</a> broadcast from its studios on Queens Road in <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>.</li> <li>Local TV coverage is provided by <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East_Today" title="BBC South East Today">BBC South East Today</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Meridian" title="ITV News Meridian">ITV News Meridian</a></i>.</li> <li>Television signals in the area are received from the <a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Whitehawk Hill transmitting station">Whitehawk Hill</a> transmitter which is situated east of Brighton.</li> <li>Brighton and Hove Independent<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=SussexWorld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SussexWorld (page does not exist)">SussexWorld</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Brighton)" title="The Argus (Brighton)">The Argus</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Herald" title="Brighton Herald">Brighton Herald</a> was the first newspaper, published from 6 September 1806 to 30 September 1971, then absorbed by the Brighton and Hove Gazette.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brighton and Hove Gazette<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brighton Gazette, a weekly newspaper was published in 1821 until 1985, when it was absorbed into a free weekly, the Brighton and Hove Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brighton and Hove Leader</li> <li>Brighton and Hove Herald<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brighton and Hove News, a news website, launched in 2009, since 2017, a member of the Independent Community News Network.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Freedom of the City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Brighton and Hove.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adam Trimingham: 30 September 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allingham" title="Henry Allingham">Henry Allingham</a>: 30 April 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Flt Lt Marc Heal: 19 May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a>: 19 May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revoked 19 October 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ovett" title="Steve Ovett">Steve Ovett</a>: 24 July 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Roger French: 9 May 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Knight_(businessman)" title="Dick Knight (businessman)">Dick Knight</a>: 12 December 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bloom" title="Tony Bloom">Tony Bloom</a>: 18 May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC01_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC01-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hughton" title="Chris Hughton">Chris Hughton</a>: 18 May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC01_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC01-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir Peter Field: 15 July 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Clarke" title="Mary Jane Clarke">Mary Jane Clarke</a> 14 December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Military units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sussex_Regiment" title="Royal Sussex Regiment">Royal Sussex Regiment</a>: 27 October 1944. (Borough of Brighton).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sussex_Regiment" title="Royal Sussex Regiment">Royal Sussex Regiment</a>: 1958. (Borough of Hove).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Regiment" title="Queen's Regiment">Queen's Regiment</a>: 31 December 1966. (Borough of Brighton).<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales%27s_Royal_Regiment" title="Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment">Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment</a>: 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_and_groups">Organisations and groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Organisations and groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"All those who helped during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>": 15 July 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_F.C." title="Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.">Brighton & Hove Albion Football Club</a>: 28 November 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Sussex" title="Healthcare in Sussex">Healthcare in Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organs_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Pipe organs of Brighton and Hove">Pipe organs of Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E06000043" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E06000043">"2021 Census Area Profile – Brighton and Hove Local Authority (E06000043)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+Brighton+and+Hove+Local+Authority+%28E06000043%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE06000043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh-2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bh-2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh-2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2014/city-deal-beginning-great-city-region">"City Deal; The beginning of a great city region"</a>. Brighton and Hove City Council. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Deal%3B+The+beginning+of+a+great+city+region&rft.pub=Brighton+and+Hove+City+Council&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2Fnews%2F2014%2Fcity-deal-beginning-great-city-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGCE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGCE_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGCE_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGCE_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604191411/http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__documents/lgbce/research/reports-1992-2002/str-east-sussex-final-recs-dec1994.pdf">"Final Recommendations for the Future Local Government of East Sussex"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Local Government Commission For England. December 1994. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__documents/lgbce/research/reports-1992-2002/str-east-sussex-final-recs-dec1994.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Recommendations+for+the+Future+Local+Government+of+East+Sussex&rft.pub=Local+Government+Commission+For+England&rft.date=1994-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbce.org.uk%2F__documents%2Flgbce%2Fresearch%2Freports-1992-2002%2Fstr-east-sussex-final-recs-dec1994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/56109/page/1431">"Page 1431 | Issue 56109, 5 February 2001 | London Gazette | the Gazette"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Page+1431+%26%23124%3B+Issue+56109%2C+5+February+2001+%26%23124%3B+London+Gazette+%26%23124%3B+the+Gazette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F56109%2Fpage%2F1431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brighton_Borough-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brighton_Borough_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brighton_Borough_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brighton_Borough_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalzman1940" class="citation book cs1">Salzman, L.F. (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol7/pp244-263"><i>A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes</i></a>. British History Online. pp. 244–263<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Sussex%3A+Volume+7%2C+the+Rape+of+Lewes&rft.pages=244-263&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Salzman&rft.aufirst=L.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Fsussex%2Fvol7%2Fpp244-263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/topics/historical-overview-of-brighton-and-hove/historical-overview-of-brighton-and-hove">"Boundaries"</a>. <i>My Brighton and Hove</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.atitle=Boundaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mybrightonandhove.org.uk%2Ftopics%2Fhistorical-overview-of-brighton-and-hove%2Fhistorical-overview-of-brighton-and-hove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brighton_Expansion-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brighton_Expansion_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brighton_Expansion_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brightonhistory.org.uk/administration/">"Administration"</a>. <i>Brighton History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+History&rft.atitle=Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonhistory.org.uk%2Fadministration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hove_Borough-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hove_Borough_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hove_Borough_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hove_Borough_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalzman1940" class="citation book cs1">Salzman, L.F. (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol7/pp265-268"><i>A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes</i></a>. British History Online. pp. 265–268<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Sussex%3A+Volume+7%2C+the+Rape+of+Lewes&rft.pages=265-268&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Salzman&rft.aufirst=L.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Fsussex%2Fvol7%2Fpp265-268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/f2b9528c-09ad-45a6-9e98-b26a08618653">"Records of Hove Borough Council and its predecessors"</a>. <i>National Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Records+of+Hove+Borough+Council+and+its+predecessors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2Ff2b9528c-09ad-45a6-9e98-b26a08618653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/hove.html">"HOVE REGISTRATION DISTRICT"</a>. <i>UK BMD</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+BMD&rft.atitle=HOVE+REGISTRATION+DISTRICT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukbmd.org.uk%2Freg%2Fdistricts%2Fhove.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/sites/default/files/migrated/article/inline/downloads/conservation/UrbanStdy_Mile_Oak_Portslade_Village_final.pdf">Mile Oak & Portslade Village: neighbourhood context</a>. Brighton and Hove Council. Accessed on 29 September 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBangs2008" class="citation book cs1">Bangs, Dave (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/701098669"><i>A freedom to roam Guide to the Brighton Downs : from Shoreham to Newhaven and Beeding to Lewes</i></a>. Brighton: David Bangs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9548638-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9548638-1-4"><bdi>978-0-9548638-1-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/701098669">701098669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+freedom+to+roam+Guide+to+the+Brighton+Downs+%3A+from+Shoreham+to+Newhaven+and+Beeding+to+Lewes&rft.place=Brighton&rft.pub=David+Bangs&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F701098669&rft.isbn=978-0-9548638-1-4&rft.aulast=Bangs&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F701098669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson, K.N., 2003. Colluvial deposits in dry valleys of southern England as proxy indicators of paleoenvironmental and land-use change. <i>Geoarchaeology: An International Journal</i>, <i>18</i>(7), pp.725–755.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol7/pp275-276">A History of the County of Sussex</a>: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1940.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Parishes: West Blatchington', in <i>A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes</i>, ed. L F Salzman (London, 1940), pp. 242–244. <i>British History Online</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol7/pp242-244">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol7/pp242-244</a> [accessed 1 October 2021].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wealddown.co.uk/buildings/medieval-building-hangleton/">"Medieval Building Hangleton – Weald & Downland Museum"</a>. <i>Weald & Downland Living Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weald+%26+Downland+Living+Museum&rft.atitle=Medieval+Building+Hangleton+%E2%80%93+Weald+%26+Downland+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wealddown.co.uk%2Fbuildings%2Fmedieval-building-hangleton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A P Baggs, C R J Currie, C R Elrington, S M Keeling and A M Rowland, 'Fishersgate Half-Hundred', in <i>A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 6 Part 1, Bramber Rape (Southern Part)</i>, ed. T P Hudson (London, 1980), pp. 130–131. <i>British History Online</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol6/pt1/pp130-131">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol6/pt1/pp130-131</a> [accessed 30 September 2021].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyedBurton2021" class="citation web cs1">Syed, Yasmin; Burton, Martin (24 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sussexlive.co.uk/news/history/hangleton-medieval-hove-suburb-abandoned-5217291">"The medieval Hove suburb once abandoned for 600 years"</a>. <i>sussexlive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sussexlive&rft.atitle=The+medieval+Hove+suburb+once+abandoned+for+600+years&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.aulast=Syed&rft.aufirst=Yasmin&rft.au=Burton%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussexlive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhistory%2Fhangleton-medieval-hove-suburb-abandoned-5217291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2021/01/08/toads-hole-valley-plans-remain-a-cause-for-concern/">"Toads Hole Valley plans remain a cause for concern"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 8 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Toads+Hole+Valley+plans+remain+a+cause+for+concern&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2021%2F01%2F08%2Ftoads-hole-valley-plans-remain-a-cause-for-concern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fulking.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Dyke_Railway_Trail.pdf">Dyke Railway Trail.</a> Easy Access Trails. South Downs Join Committee. <i>Accessed on 21 October 2021</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/domesday-book/source-1/">"Domesday Book: In PRESTON Hundred"</a>. <i>The National Archives</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221140351/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk:80/education/resources/domesday-book/source-1/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Archives&rft.atitle=Domesday+Book%3A+In+PRESTON+Hundred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fdomesday-book%2Fsource-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/places/placestree/london-road-patcham/withdean-history">"First record of Withdean c12th century"</a>. <i>My Brighton and Hove</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.atitle=First+record+of+Withdean+c12th+century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mybrightonandhove.org.uk%2Fplaces%2Fplacestree%2Flondon-road-patcham%2Fwithdean-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/places/placepark/withdean-park/withdean-park">"Withdean Park boasts a famous lilac collection"</a>. <i>My Brighton and Hove</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211017162807/https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/places/placepark/withdean-park/withdean-park">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.atitle=Withdean+Park+boasts+a+famous+lilac+collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mybrightonandhove.org.uk%2Fplaces%2Fplacepark%2Fwithdean-park%2Fwithdean-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sussexwildlifetrust.org.uk/visit/withdean-woods">"Withdean Woods | Sussex Wildlife Trust"</a>. <i>sussexwildlifetrust.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sussexwildlifetrust.org.uk&rft.atitle=Withdean+Woods+%7C+Sussex+Wildlife+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsussexwildlifetrust.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fwithdean-woods&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/18737148.plans-rewild-waterhall-golf-course-brighton/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Wild cats to elephants, hippopotamus and wolves' – rewilding a golf course"</a>. <i>The Argus</i>. 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=%27Wild+cats+to+elephants%2C+hippopotamus+and+wolves%27+%E2%80%93+rewilding+a+golf+course&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18737148.plans-rewild-waterhall-golf-course-brighton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bangs, David (2018). <i>Land of the Brighton line : a field guide to the Middle Sussex and South East Surrey Weald</i>. [Brighton]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9548638-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9548638-2-1">978-0-9548638-2-1</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1247849975">1247849975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theargus.co.uk/magazine/sussex_walks/east_sussex_walks/19467688.mass-trespass-attended-300-brighton-downs/">"Hundreds attend mass trespass for the right to roam"</a>. <i>The Argus</i>. 26 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=Hundreds+attend+mass+trespass+for+the+right+to+roam&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theargus.co.uk%2Fmagazine%2Fsussex_walks%2Feast_sussex_walks%2F19467688.mass-trespass-attended-300-brighton-downs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/b/mass-trespass-tradition-given-new-lease-of-life">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Mass Trespass' tradition given new lease of life"</a>. <i>Morning Star</i>. 30 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morning+Star&rft.atitle=%27Mass+Trespass%27+tradition+given+new+lease+of+life&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorningstaronline.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fb%2Fmass-trespass-tradition-given-new-lease-of-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrinsell1934" class="citation journal cs1">Grinsell, L.V. (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1086699">"Sussex Barrows"</a>. <i>Sussex Archaeological Collections</i>. <b>75</b>: 224. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1086699">10.5284/1086699</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sussex+Archaeological+Collections&rft.atitle=Sussex+Barrows&rft.volume=75&rft.pages=224&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5284%2F1086699&rft.aulast=Grinsell&rft.aufirst=L.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5284%252F1086699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014526">"Hillfort, the possible remains of a Romano-Celtic temple and a group of three bowl barrows at Hollingbury, Non Civil Parish – 1014526 | Historic England"</a>. <i>historicengland.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historicengland.org.uk&rft.atitle=Hillfort%2C+the+possible+remains+of+a+Romano-Celtic+temple+and+a+group+of+three+bowl+barrows+at+Hollingbury%2C+Non+Civil+Parish+%E2%80%93+1014526+%7C+Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1014526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014526">"Hillfort, the possible remains of a Romano-Celtic temple and a group of three bowl barrows at Hollingbury, Non Civil Parish – 1014526 | Historic England"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222173255/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014526">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=Hillfort%2C+the+possible+remains+of+a+Romano-Celtic+temple+and+a+group+of+three+bowl+barrows+at+Hollingbury%2C+Non+Civil+Parish+%E2%80%93+1014526+%7C+Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1014526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoherty-Cove2020" class="citation web cs1">Doherty-Cove, Jody (29 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/18755185.residents-final-stand-save-green-land-development/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Final stand' to save green land from development"</a>. <i>The Argus</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028171909/https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/18755185.residents-final-stand-save-green-land-development/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=%27Final+stand%27+to+save+green+land+from+development&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft.aulast=Doherty-Cove&rft.aufirst=Jody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18755185.residents-final-stand-save-green-land-development%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMawer2001" class="citation book cs1">Mawer, Allen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/495468780"><i>The place-names of Sussex</i></a>. Frank Merry Stenton, John Eric Bruce Gover. Nottingham: English place-name Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904889-64-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-904889-64-5"><bdi>0-904889-64-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495468780">495468780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+place-names+of+Sussex&rft.place=Nottingham&rft.pub=English+place-name+Society&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495468780&rft.isbn=0-904889-64-5&rft.aulast=Mawer&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F495468780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/sites/default/files/migrated/article/inline/Conservation_Area_Stanmer_Dec_2015.pdf">Stanmer Conservation Area: Appraisal</a> (2015) Brighton And Hove Council. <i>Accessed on 13 October 2021</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, Owen (1998). <i>The Sussex Tree Book</i>. Pomegranate Press, page 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sussex.ac.uk/about/facts/facts-figures#:~:text=The%20University%20of%20Sussex%20has,and%2024%25%20are%20overseas%20students.">"Facts and figures : Rankings and figures"</a>. <i>University of Sussex</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215231403/http://www.sussex.ac.uk:80/about/facts/facts-figures">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Sussex&rft.atitle=Facts+and+figures+%3A+Rankings+and+figures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussex.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Ffacts%2Ffacts-figures%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520University%2520of%2520Sussex%2520has%2Cand%252024%2525%2520are%2520overseas%2520students.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPawseyStevens" class="citation web cs1">Pawsey, Tessa; Stevens, Geoff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sussex-butterflies.org.uk/sites/bevendean.php">"Bevendean LNR"</a>. <i>Butterfly Conservation – Sussex Branch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810053204/https://www.sussex-butterflies.org.uk/sites/bevendean.php">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Butterfly+Conservation+%E2%80%93+Sussex+Branch&rft.atitle=Bevendean+LNR&rft.aulast=Pawsey&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussex-butterflies.org.uk%2Fsites%2Fbevendean.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brightonpermaculture.org.uk/orchards-and-fruit/racehill-community-orchard/about-racehill/">"About Race Hill Community Orchard"</a>. <i>Brighton Permaculture Trust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+Permaculture+Trust&rft.atitle=About+Race+Hill+Community+Orchard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrightonpermaculture.org.uk%2Forchards-and-fruit%2Fracehill-community-orchard%2Fabout-racehill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheepcote.org.uk/html/birds.html">"A special place for birds"</a>. <i>Friends of Sheepcote Valley</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050407190231/http://www.sheepcote.org.uk:80/html/birds.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Sheepcote+Valley&rft.atitle=A+special+place+for+birds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheepcote.org.uk%2Fhtml%2Fbirds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottingdean-pc.gov.uk/beacon-hill">"Beacon Hill"</a>. <i>Rottingdean Parish Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rottingdean+Parish+Council&rft.atitle=Beacon+Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottingdean-pc.gov.uk%2Fbeacon-hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/places/placehouse/woodingdean-house/introduction-to-woodingdean-2">"History of Woodingdean"</a>. <i>My Brighton and Hove</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807182642/https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/places/placehouse/woodingdean-house/introduction-to-woodingdean-2">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.atitle=History+of+Woodingdean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mybrightonandhove.org.uk%2Fplaces%2Fplacehouse%2Fwoodingdean-house%2Fintroduction-to-woodingdean-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/east-sussexs-national-nature-reserves/east-sussexs-national-nature-reserves">"East Sussex's National Nature Reserves"</a>. <i>Corporate report: East Sussex's National Nature Reserves</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150101063213/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/east-sussexs-national-nature-reserves/east-sussexs-national-nature-reserves">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corporate+report%3A+East+Sussex%27s+National+Nature+Reserves&rft.atitle=East+Sussex%27s+National+Nature+Reserves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Feast-sussexs-national-nature-reserves%2Feast-sussexs-national-nature-reserves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2019/brighton-hove-local-elections-results-2019">"Brighton & Hove local elections results 2019"</a>. 3 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504080530/https://new.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2019/brighton-hove-local-elections-results-2019">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+%26+Hove+local+elections+results+2019&rft.date=2019-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2Fbrighton-hove-local-elections-results-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/council-and-democracy/councillors-and-committees/mayor-brighton-hove">"The Mayor of Brighton & Hove"</a>. <i>Brighton & Hove City Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+%26+Hove+City+Council&rft.atitle=The+Mayor+of+Brighton+%26+Hove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2Fcontent%2Fcouncil-and-democracy%2Fcouncillors-and-committees%2Fmayor-brighton-hove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/council-and-democracy/about-your-council/chief-executive-0">"Chief executive"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove City Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+City+Council&rft.atitle=Chief+executive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2Fcontent%2Fcouncil-and-democracy%2Fabout-your-council%2Fchief-executive-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2023/labour-win-overall-majority-brighton-hove-local-elections">"Labour win overall majority in Brighton & Hove local elections"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove City Council</i>. 5 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+City+Council&rft.atitle=Labour+win+overall+majority+in+Brighton+%26+Hove+local+elections&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2Fnews%2F2023%2Flabour-win-overall-majority-brighton-hove-local-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2023/new-council-roles-confirmed-annual-council-meeting">"New council roles confirmed at Annual Council Meeting"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove City Council</i>. 30 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+City+Council&rft.atitle=New+council+roles+confirmed+at+Annual+Council+Meeting&rft.date=2023-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2Fnews%2F2023%2Fnew-council-roles-confirmed-annual-council-meeting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/southeastengland/wards/">"UNITED KINGDOM: South East England Local Authority Districts and Wards"</a>. <i>City Population</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=UNITED+KINGDOM%3A+South+East+England+Local+Authority+Districts+and+Wards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fsoutheastengland%2Fwards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ons-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ons_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk">Key Statistics: Population; Quick Statistics: Economic indicators</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/">Archived</a> 11 February 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 census</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">2001 census</a>) Retrieved 27 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.eastsussex.gov.uk/libraries/reference-and-research/census">"Census records"</a>. <i>East Sussex County Council</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128094922/https://new.eastsussex.gov.uk/libraries/reference-and-research/census">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Sussex+County+Council&rft.atitle=Census+records&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew.eastsussex.gov.uk%2Flibraries%2Freference-and-research%2Fcensus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhconnected.org.uk/sites/bhconnected/files/City%20Snapshot%20Summary%20of%20Statistics%202014.pdf">"Brighton & Hove City Snapshot – Summary of Statistics 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Brighton & Hove City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506214127/http://www.bhconnected.org.uk/sites/bhconnected/files/City%20Snapshot%20Summary%20of%20Statistics%202014.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+%26+Hove+City+Snapshot+%E2%80%93+Summary+of+Statistics+2014&rft.pub=Brighton+%26+Hove+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhconnected.org.uk%2Fsites%2Fbhconnected%2Ffiles%2FCity%2520Snapshot%2520Summary%2520of%2520Statistics%25202014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_20111946157280" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=1946157280">"Local Area Report – Brighton and Hove Local Authority (1946157280)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Brighton+and+Hove+Local+Authority+%281946157280%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3D1946157280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070109090209/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/rank/jedi.asp">"2001 Census"</a>. statistics.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/rank/jedi.asp">the original</a> on 9 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001+Census&rft.pub=statistics.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fcensus2001%2Fprofiles%2Frank%2Fjedi.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:412-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:412_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data is taken from United Kingdom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm">Casweb Data services</a> of the United Kingdom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm">1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales</a> (Table 6)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls">"Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics"</a>. <i>webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Office+of+National+Statistics%3B+2001+Census+Key+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fukgwa%2F20160105160709%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2Fcensus-2001-key-statistics%2Flocal-authorities-in-england-and-wales%2Flocal-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:36-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:36_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">"2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales"</a>. <i>webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.atitle=2011+Census%3A+Ethnic+Group%2C+local+authorities+in+England+and+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fukgwa%2F20160105160709%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fkey-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales%2Frft-table-ks201ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data">"Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics"</a>. <i>www.ons.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Ethnic+group+-+Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2FTS021%2Feditions%2F2021%2Fversions%2F1%2Ffilter-outputs%2Fd2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027%23get-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/ks007">"KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001"</a>. <i>www.nomisweb.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nomisweb.co.uk&rft.atitle=KS007+-+Religion+-+Nomis+-+2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fks007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks209ew">"KS209EW (Religion) - Nomis - 2011"</a>. <i>www.nomisweb.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nomisweb.co.uk&rft.atitle=KS209EW+%28Religion%29+-+Nomis+-+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fcensus%2F2011%2Fks209ew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1">"Religion - 2021 census"</a>. <i>Office of National Statistics</i>. 29 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129115419/https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Religion+-+2021+census&rft.date=2022-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2FTS030%2Feditions%2F2021%2Fversions%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.brightonandhoveindependent.co.uk/">https://www.brightonandhoveindependent.co.uk/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (February 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/your-sussex/east-sussex/brighton-and-hove">https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/your-sussex/east-sussex/brighton-and-hove</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (February 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/local/brighton_hove/">"Brighton and Hove news from the Argus"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+and+Hove+news+from+the+Argus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbrighton_hove%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/category/topics/brighton_herald_photograph_collection">"Brighton Herald photograph collection"</a>. <i>mybrightonandhove.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mybrightonandhove.org&rft.atitle=Brighton+Herald+photograph+collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mybrightonandhove.org.uk%2Fcategory%2Ftopics%2Fbrighton_herald_photograph_collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/5e6dfe51-a11e-45d0-8497-99e88272dec6">"Brighton and Hove Herald and Brighton and Hove Gazette"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+and+Hove+Herald+and+Brighton+and+Hove+Gazette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2F5e6dfe51-a11e-45d0-8497-99e88272dec6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.brightonmuseums.org.uk/cms/collections/show/5">"Brighton Gazette · Historic Brighton Newspapers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+Gazette+%C2%B7+Historic+Brighton+Newspapers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.brightonmuseums.org.uk%2Fcms%2Fcollections%2Fshow%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.thekeep.info/tag/brighton-gazette/">https://www.thekeep.info/tag/brighton-gazette/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (February 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/5e6dfe51-a11e-45d0-8497-99e88272dec6">"Brighton and Hove Herald and Brighton and Hove Gazette"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+and+Hove+Herald+and+Brighton+and+Hove+Gazette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2F5e6dfe51-a11e-45d0-8497-99e88272dec6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/about/">"About"</a>. 6 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://democracy.brighton-hove.gov.uk/mgconvert2pdf.aspx?id=64941">https://democracy.brighton-hove.gov.uk/mgconvert2pdf.aspx?id=64941</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressgazette.co.uk/comment-analysis/adam-trimingham-final-argus-column-45-years/">"Sage of Sussex Adam Trimingham files his final Brighton Argus column after 45 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Press_Gazette" title="Press Gazette">Press Gazette</a></i>. 30 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+Gazette&rft.atitle=Sage+of+Sussex+Adam+Trimingham+files+his+final+Brighton+Argus+column+after+45+years&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressgazette.co.uk%2Fcomment-analysis%2Fadam-trimingham-final-argus-column-45-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/henry_allingham/4334090.Hero_Henry_Allingham__honoured__to_be_given_freedom_of_Brighton_and_Hove">"Hero Henry Allingham "honoured" to be given freedom of Brighton and Hove"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Brighton)" title="The Argus (Brighton)">The Argus (Brighton)</a></i>. 3 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus+%28Brighton%29&rft.atitle=Hero+Henry+Allingham+%22honoured%22+to+be+given+freedom+of+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhenry_allingham%2F4334090.Hero_Henry_Allingham__honoured__to_be_given_freedom_of_Brighton_and_Hove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oldbrightonians.com/news/ob-news/691-flight-lieutenant-marc-heal-l-1994-98-honored-by-brighton.html">"Flight Lieutenant Marc Heal (L. 1994-98) honored by Brighton"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flight+Lieutenant+Marc+Heal+%28L.+1994-98%29+honored+by+Brighton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldbrightonians.com%2Fnews%2Fob-news%2F691-flight-lieutenant-marc-heal-l-1994-98-honored-by-brighton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-13394495">"Aung San Suu Kyi honoured by Brighton and Hove"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 13 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Aung+San+Suu+Kyi+honoured+by+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-sussex-13394495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2011/05/13/freedom-of-brighton-and-hove-awarded-to-aung-san-suu-kyi/">"Freedom of Brighton and Hove awarded to Aung San Suu Kyi"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 13 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+Brighton+and+Hove+awarded+to+Aung+San+Suu+Kyi&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2011%2F05%2F13%2Ffreedom-of-brighton-and-hove-awarded-to-aung-san-suu-kyi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2023/10/19/councillors-revoke-former-burmese-leaders-freedom-of-the-city/">"Councillors revoke former Burmese leader's freedom of the city"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 19 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Councillors+revoke+former+Burmese+leader%27s+freedom+of+the+city&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2023%2F10%2F19%2Fcouncillors-revoke-former-burmese-leaders-freedom-of-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/9794792.steve-ovett-given-freedom-of-brighton-and-hove-to-mark-olympics/">"Steve Ovett given Freedom of Brighton and Hove to mark Olympics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Brighton)" title="The Argus (Brighton)">The Argus (Brighton)</a></i>. 3 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus+%28Brighton%29&rft.atitle=Steve+Ovett+given+Freedom+of+Brighton+and+Hove+to+mark+Olympics&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2F9794792.steve-ovett-given-freedom-of-brighton-and-hove-to-mark-olympics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2013/04/30/bus-boss-roger-french-to-be-made-a-freeman-of-brighton-and-hove/">"Bus boss Roger French to be made a freeman of Brighton and Hove"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 30 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Bus+boss+Roger+French+to+be+made+a+freeman+of+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2013%2F04%2F30%2Fbus-boss-roger-french-to-be-made-a-freeman-of-brighton-and-hove%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2013/12/12/dick-knight-made-a-freeman-of-brighton-and-hove-for-saving-albion/">"Dick Knight made a freeman of Brighton and Hove for saving Albion"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Dick+Knight+made+a+freeman+of+Brighton+and+Hove+for+saving+Albion&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2013%2F12%2F12%2Fdick-knight-made-a-freeman-of-brighton-and-hove-for-saving-albion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC01-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC01_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC01_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-39951591/">"Brighton & Hove Albion manager and chairman receive city freedom"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brighton+%26+Hove+Albion+manager+and+chairman+receive+city+freedom&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-sussex-39951591%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2021/07/13/queens-man-on-the-ground-to-be-given-freedom-of-the-city/">"Queen's man on the ground to be given 'freedom of the city'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 13 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Queen%27s+man+on+the+ground+to+be+given+%27freedom+of+the+city%27&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2021%2F07%2F13%2Fqueens-man-on-the-ground-to-be-given-freedom-of-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2023/12/14/freedom-of-the-city-award-honours-brighton-suffragette/">"Freedom of the city award honours Brighton suffragette"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 14 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+the+city+award+honours+Brighton+suffragette&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2023%2F12%2F14%2Ffreedom-of-the-city-award-honours-brighton-suffragette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westsussex.gov.uk/media/2505/royal_sussex_regiment_1701-1966.pdf">"The Royal West Sussex Regiment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>West Sussex County Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Sussex+County+Council&rft.atitle=The+Royal+West+Sussex+Regiment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westsussex.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F2505%2Froyal_sussex_regiment_1701-1966.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__8128.aspx">"Freedom of the Borough – Corporation and Council – Topics – My Brighton and Hove"</a>. <i>mybrightonandhove.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mybrightonandhove.org.uk&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+the+Borough+%E2%80%93+Corporation+and+Council+%E2%80%93+Topics+%E2%80%93+My+Brighton+and+Hove&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mybrightonandhove.org.uk%2Fpage_id__8128.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__10641_path__0p116p1812p.aspx">"Freedom of the city march"</a>. My Brighton and Hove. 22 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014175123/http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__10641_path__0p116p1812p.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+the+city+march&rft.pub=My+Brighton+and+Hove&rft.date=2011-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mybrightonandhove.org.uk%2Fpage_id__10641_path__0p116p1812p.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2021/07/12/council-to-bestow-freedom-of-the-city-on-inspirational-coronavirus-pandemic-helpers/">"Council to bestow 'freedom of the city' on inspirational coronavirus pandemic helpers"</a>. <i>Brighton and Hove News</i>. 12 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+and+Hove+News&rft.atitle=Council+to+bestow+%27freedom+of+the+city%27+on+inspirational+coronavirus+pandemic+helpers&rft.date=2021-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovenews.org%2F2021%2F07%2F12%2Fcouncil-to-bestow-freedom-of-the-city-on-inspirational-coronavirus-pandemic-helpers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/news/3692351/albion-awarded-freedom-of-the-city">"Albion awarded Freedom of the City"</a>. <i>Brighton & Hove Albion Football Club</i>. 20 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighton+%26+Hove+Albion+Football+Club&rft.atitle=Albion+awarded+Freedom+of+the+City&rft.date=2023-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonandhovealbion.com%2Fnews%2F3692351%2Falbion-awarded-freedom-of-the-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-66874664">"Brighton & Hove Albion in line for Freedom of the City"</a>. <i>BBC News Sussex</i>. 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Sussex&rft.atitle=Brighton+%26+Hove+Albion+in+line+for+Freedom+of+the+City&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-sussex-66874664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/">"Brighton & Hove City Council"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+%26+Hove+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrighton+and+Hove" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Brighton_(England)#Q1022488" class="extiw" title="voy:Brighton (England)">Brighton</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Brighton_and_Hove" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brighton_and_Hove" title="Template:Brighton and Hove"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brighton_and_Hove" title="Template talk:Brighton and Hove"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brighton_and_Hove" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brighton and Hove"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Brighton_and_Hove" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brighton and Hove</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brighton" title="Borough of Brighton">Borough of Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hove" title="Borough of Hove">Borough of Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Blitz" title="Brighton Blitz">Brighton Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Brighton" title="List of films set in Brighton">Brighton in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brighton" title="History of Brighton">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Brighton_and_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Brighton and Hove">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of people from Brighton and Hove">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organs_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Pipe organs of Brighton and Hove">Pipe organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_services_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Public services in Brighton and Hove">Public services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_sewers" title="Brighton sewers">Sewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Transport in Brighton and Hove">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesbourne,_Brighton" title="Wellesbourne, Brighton">Wellesbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lewes_Road" title="Battle of Lewes Road">Battle of Lewes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Blitz" title="Brighton Blitz">Brighton Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_trunk_murders" title="Brighton trunk murders">Trunk murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Athina_B" title="MS Athina B">Beaching of <i>Athina B</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Grand Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babes_in_the_Wood_murders_(Brighton)" title="Babes in the Wood murders (Brighton)">Babes in the Wood murders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_Open_House" title="Artists Open House">Artists Open Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Festival" title="Brighton Festival">Brighton Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Fringe" title="Brighton Fringe">Brighton Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Half_Marathon" title="Brighton Half Marathon">Brighton Half Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Marathon" title="Brighton Marathon">Brighton Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra">Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Photo_Biennial" title="Brighton Photo Biennial">Brighton Photo Biennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pride" title="Brighton Pride">Brighton Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Science_Festival" title="Brighton Science Festival">Brighton Science Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Speed_Trials" title="Brighton Speed Trials">Brighton Speed Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_to_Brighton_events" title="London to Brighton events">London to Brighton events</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run" title="London to Brighton Veteran Car Run">Veteran Car Run</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skint_Records" title="Skint Records">Skint Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Sussex Symphony Orchestra">Sussex Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Escape_Festival" title="The Great Escape Festival">The Great Escape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_elections" title="Brighton and Hove City Council elections">Local elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2003 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2007 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2011 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2015 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2019</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2023_Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_election" title="2023 Brighton and Hove City Council election">2023</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Kemptown_and_Peacehaven_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(British_politician)" title="Chris Ward (British politician)">Chris Ward</a> (Lab.)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Pavilion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A2n_Berry" title="Siân Berry">Siân Berry</a> (Green)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_and_Portslade_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hove and Portslade (UK Parliament constituency)">Hove and Portslade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kyle" title="Peter Kyle">Peter Kyle</a> (Lab.)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A23_road" title="A23 road">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A27_road" title="A27 road">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A259_road" title="A259 road">A259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_Road,_Brighton" title="Lewes Road, Brighton">Lewes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Road,_Brighton" title="Queen's Road, Brighton">Queen's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_(bus_company)" title="Brighton & Hove (bus company)">Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Lemon" title="The Big Lemon">The Big Lemon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_railway_station" title="Brighton railway station">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Park_railway_station" title="Preston Park railway station">Preston Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_railway_station" title="Hove railway station">Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrington_railway_station" title="Aldrington railway station">Aldrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portslade_railway_station" title="Portslade railway station">Portslade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Road_(Brighton)_railway_station" title="London Road (Brighton) railway station">London Road (Brighton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb_railway_station" title="Moulsecoomb railway station">Moulsecoomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmer_railway_station" title="Falmer railway station">Falmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Club_Halt_railway_station_(Hove)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf Club Halt railway station (Hove)">Golf Club Halt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartington_Road_Halt_railway_station" title="Hartington Road Halt railway station">Hartington Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Road_Halt_railway_station" title="Holland Road Halt railway station">Holland Road Halt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Town_railway_station" title="Kemp Town railway station">Kemp Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_Road_railway_station" title="Lewes Road railway station">Lewes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Halt_railway_station" title="Rowan Halt railway station">Rowan Halt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_railway_works" title="Brighton railway works">Brighton railway works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliftonville_Curve" title="Cliftonville Curve">Cliftonville Curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Road_Viaduct" title="London Road Viaduct">London Road Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Lovers_Walk_Traction_and_Rolling_Stock_Maintenance_Depot" title="Brighton Lovers Walk Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot">Lovers Walk depot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuctuc_Ltd" title="Tuctuc Ltd">Auto rickshaws (TucTuc Ltd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Rottingdean_Seashore_Electric_Railway" title="Brighton and Rottingdean Seashore Electric Railway">Daddy Long-Legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Corporation_Tramways" title="Brighton Corporation Tramways">Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Brighton" title="Trolleybuses in Brighton">Trolleybuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk%27s_Electric_Railway" title="Volk's Electric Railway">Volk's Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Brighton)" title="The Argus (Brighton)">The Argus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Herald" title="Brighton Herald">Brighton Herald</a></i> (defunct)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Voice" title="Brighton Voice">Brighton Voice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Sussex">BBC Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_South" title="Heart South">Heart South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_South" title="Capital South">Capital South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Reverb" title="Radio Reverb">Radio Reverb</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SchNEWS" title="SchNEWS">SchNEWS</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_F.C." title="Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.">Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_W.F.C." title="Brighton & Hove Albion W.F.C.">Brighton & Hove Albion W.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_United_F.C." title="Brighton United F.C.">Brighton United F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak_F.C." title="Mile Oak F.C.">Mile Oak F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltdean_United_F.C." title="Saltdean United F.C.">Saltdean United F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehawk_F.C." title="Whitehawk F.C.">Whitehawk F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Ground" title="Goldstone Ground">Goldstone Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmer_Stadium" title="Falmer Stadium">Falmer Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Worthing_%26_District_Football_League" title="Brighton, Worthing & District Football League">Brighton, Worthing & District Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County_Cricket_Club" title="Sussex County Cricket Club">Sussex C.C.C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_Cricket_Club" title="Brighton and Hove Cricket Club">Brighton & Hove C.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Cricket_Ground,_Hove" title="County Cricket Ground, Hove">County Cricket Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rugby union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Football_Club_(RFU)" title="Brighton Football Club (RFU)">Brighton F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_Rugby_Club" title="Hove Rugby Club">Hove Rugby Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove_Greyhound_Stadium" title="Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium">Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdean_Stadium" title="Withdean Stadium">Withdean Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Bears" title="Brighton Bears">Brighton Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Racecourse" title="Brighton Racecourse">Brighton Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Rockers_Roller_Derby" title="Brighton Rockers Roller Derby">Brighton Rockers Roller Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Tigers" title="Brighton Tigers">Brighton Tigers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove">Buildings and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of places of worship in Brighton and Hove">Places of worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_demolished_places_of_worship_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of demolished places of worship in Brighton and Hove">Demolished places of worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Grade I listed buildings in Brighton and Hove">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmarks_and_buildings_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of landmarks and buildings of Brighton and Hove">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Libraries in Brighton and Hove">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubs_in_Brighton" title="Pubs in Brighton">Pubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of schools in Brighton and Hove">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cemeteries_and_crematoria_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Cemeteries and crematoria in Brighton and Hove">Cemeteries and crematoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_areas_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of conservation areas in Brighton and Hove">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Flint_Grotto" title="Brighton Flint Grotto">Brighton Flint Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Brighton_Park" title="East Brighton Park">East Brighton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_Park" title="Hove Park">Hove Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Steine_Gardens" title="Old Steine Gardens">Old Steine Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Park,_Brighton" title="Preston Park, Brighton">Preston Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_Brighton" title="Queen's Park, Brighton">Queen's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ann%27s_Well_Gardens,_Hove" title="St. Ann's Well Gardens, Hove">St Ann's Well Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmer_Park" title="Stanmer Park">Stanmer Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Level,_Brighton" title="The Level, Brighton">The Level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Park" title="Wild Park">Wild Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clarke_Park" title="William Clarke Park">William Clarke Park</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Brighton_Parks_Police" title="Brighton Parks Police">Brighton Parks Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="List of locations in Brighton and Hove">Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldrington" title="Aldrington">Aldrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsdean" title="Balsdean">Balsdean</a> <i>(lost village)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Road,_Brighton" title="Bear Road, Brighton">Bear Road/Coombe Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevendean" title="Bevendean">Bevendean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_(Brighton_and_Hove)" title="Black Rock (Brighton and Hove)">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Marina" title="Brighton Marina">Brighton Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Hove" title="Brunswick, Hove">Brunswick, Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Hill,_Brighton" title="Carlton Hill, Brighton">Carlton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_city_centre" title="Brighton and Hove city centre">City centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldean" title="Coldean">Coldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak#Downs_Park" title="Mile Oak">Downs Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_Grove,_Brighton" title="Elm Grove, Brighton">Elm Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangleton" title="Hangleton">Hangleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover,_Brighton" title="Hanover, Brighton">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollingbury" title="Hollingbury">Hollingbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollingdean" title="Hollingdean">Hollingdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Town" title="Kemp Town">Kemp Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemptown,_Brighton" title="Kemptown, Brighton">Kemptown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangleton" title="Hangleton">The Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanes" title="The Lanes">The Lanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Oak" title="Mile Oak">Mile Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Brighton" title="Montpelier, Brighton">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb" title="Moulsecoomb">Moulsecoomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Quarter" title="New England Quarter">New England Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Laine" title="North Laine">North Laine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Steine" title="Old Steine">Old Steine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovingdean" title="Ovingdean">Ovingdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patcham" title="Patcham">Patcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade-by-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portslade" title="Portslade">Portslade Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Park,_Brighton" title="Preston Park, Brighton">Preston Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston,_Brighton" title="Preston, Brighton">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestonville,_Brighton" title="Prestonville, Brighton">Prestonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_Brighton" title="Queen's Park, Brighton">Queen's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roedean" title="Roedean">Roedean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottingdean" title="Rottingdean">Rottingdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Hill,_Brighton" title="Round Hill, Brighton">Round Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltdean" title="Saltdean">Saltdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Dials,_Brighton" title="Seven Dials, Brighton">Seven Dials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmer" title="Stanmer">Stanmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmer_Park" title="Stanmer Park">Stanmer Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Blatchington" title="West Blatchington">West Blatchington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hill,_Brighton" title="West Hill, Brighton">West Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdene" title="Westdene">Westdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehawk" title="Whitehawk">Whitehawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdean" title="Withdean">Withdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodingdean" title="Woodingdean">Woodingdean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Brighton_and_Hove" title="Category:Brighton and Hove">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_South_East_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SE_England" title="Template:SE England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SE_England" title="Template talk:SE England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SE_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SE England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_South_East_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/200px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/300px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/400px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brighton and Hove</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_District" title="Lewes District">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rother_District" title="Rother District">Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealden_District" title="Wealden District">Wealden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_and_Deane" title="Basingstoke and Deane">Basingstoke and Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampshire" title="East Hampshire">East Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Eastleigh" title="Borough of Eastleigh">Eastleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fareham" title="Borough of Fareham">Fareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_District" title="Hart District">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Havant" title="Borough of Havant">Havant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_District" title="New Forest District">New Forest</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushmoor" title="Rushmoor">Rushmoor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Valley" title="Test Valley">Test Valley</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Ashford" title="Borough of Ashford">Ashford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_District" title="Dover District">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_District" title="Folkestone and Hythe District">Folkestone and Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Maidstone" title="Borough of Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_District" title="Sevenoaks District">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Borough of Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherwell_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherwell District">Cherwell</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Oxfordshire" title="South Oxfordshire">South Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_White_Horse" title="Vale of White Horse">Vale of White Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oxfordshire" title="West Oxfordshire">West Oxfordshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Elmbridge" title="Borough of Elmbridge">Elmbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell" title="Epsom and Ewell">Epsom and Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Guildford" title="Borough of Guildford">Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_Valley" title="Mole Valley">Mole Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigate_and_Banstead" title="Reigate and Banstead">Reigate and Banstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Runnymede" title="Borough of Runnymede">Runnymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Spelthorne" title="Borough of Spelthorne">Spelthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Heath" title="Surrey Heath">Surrey Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandridge_District" title="Tandridge District">Tandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Waverley" title="Borough of Waverley">Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adur_District" title="Adur District">Adur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_District" title="Arun District">Arun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chichester_District" title="Chichester District">Chichester</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham_District" title="Horsham District">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Sussex_District" title="Mid Sussex District">Mid Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="British_overseas_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_East_Sussex" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Sussex" title="Template:East Sussex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Sussex" title="Template talk:East Sussex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Sussex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Sussex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_East_Sussex" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:East_Sussex" title="Portal:East Sussex">East Sussex Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Brighton and Hove</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_District" title="Lewes District">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rother_District" title="Rother District">Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealden_District" title="Wealden District">Wealden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle,_East_Sussex" title="Battle, East Sussex">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexhill-on-Sea" title="Bexhill-on-Sea">Bexhill-on-Sea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowborough" title="Crowborough">Crowborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailsham" title="Hailsham">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathfield,_East_Sussex" title="Heathfield, East Sussex">Heathfield</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newhaven,_East_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Newhaven, East Sussex">Newhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacehaven" title="Peacehaven">Peacehaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottingdean" title="Rottingdean">Rottingdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye,_East_Sussex" title="Rye, East Sussex">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaford,_East_Sussex" title="Seaford, East Sussex">Seaford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Leonards-on-Sea" title="St Leonards-on-Sea">St Leonards-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telscombe" title="Telscombe">Telscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uckfield" title="Uckfield">Uckfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadhurst" title="Wadhurst">Wadhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchelsea" title="Winchelsea">Winchelsea</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_East_Sussex" title="List of civil parishes in East Sussex">List of civil parishes in East Sussex</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Cuckmere" title="River Cuckmere">Cuckmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rother,_East_Sussex" title="River Rother, East Sussex">Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tillingham" title="River Tillingham">Tillingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sussex#Geography" title="Sussex">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_East_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in East Sussex">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_East_Sussex" title="List of places in East Sussex">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_East_Sussex_by_population" title="List of settlements in East Sussex by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sussex" title="History of Sussex">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_East_Sussex" title="List of museums in East Sussex">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_East_Sussex" title="List of schools in East Sussex">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_East_Sussex" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in East Sussex">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_East_Sussex" title="Category:Country houses in East Sussex">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_East_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in East Sussex">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_East_Sussex" title="Grade II* listed buildings in East Sussex">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_East_Sussex" title="Scheduled monuments in East Sussex">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_East_Sussex" title="Lord Lieutenant of East Sussex">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_East_Sussex" title="High Sheriff of East Sussex">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_East_Sussex" title="Category:Transport in East Sussex">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_Plain" title="South Coast Plain">South Coast Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">South Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachy_Head" title="Beachy Head">Beachy Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Weald" class="mw-redirect" title="High Weald">High Weald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Man_of_Wilmington" title="Long Man of Wilmington">Long Man of Wilmington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template talk:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_(district)" title="Buckinghamshire (district)">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_(district)" title="County Durham (district)">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_(district)" title="Dorset (district)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Middlesbrough" title="Borough of Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland" title="Redcar and Cleveland">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_(district)" title="Shropshire (district)">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(district)" title="Wiltshire (district)">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/125px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/188px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/250px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council" title="Bedford Borough Council">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Council" title="Blackpool Council">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Council" title="Bracknell Forest Council">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council" title="Bristol City Council">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council" title="Central Bedfordshire Council">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council" title="Cheshire East Council">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="County Durham Council">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Darlington Borough Council">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council" title="Derby City Council">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_(UK)" title="Dorset Council (UK)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council" title="Halton Borough Council">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartlepool Borough Council">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council" title="Herefordshire Council">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council" title="Isle of Wight Council">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council" title="Leicester City Council">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council" title="Medway Council">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council" title="Middlesbrough Council">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_City_Council" title="Milton Keynes City Council">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North East Lincolnshire Council">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North Lincolnshire Council">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Northamptonshire Council">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council" title="North Somerset Council">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council" title="North Yorkshire Council">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council" title="Northumberland County Council">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council" title="Nottingham City Council">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council" title="Portsmouth City Council">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council" title="Rutland County Council">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council" title="Shropshire Council">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Council" title="Somerset Council">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council" title="Southampton City Council">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council" title="South Gloucestershire Council">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council" title="Telford and Wrekin Council">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council" title="Torbay Council">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council" title="Warrington Borough Council">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council" title="West Berkshire Council">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council" title="Westmorland and Furness Council">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="West Northamptonshire Council">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council" title="Wokingham Borough Council">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council" title="City of York Council">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council_elections" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council elections">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bedford Borough Council elections">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council elections">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackpool Borough Council elections">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council_elections" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council elections">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bracknell Forest Borough Council elections">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_elections" title="Brighton and Hove City Council elections">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council_elections" title="Bristol City Council elections">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council_elections" title="Buckinghamshire Council elections">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council_elections" title="Central Bedfordshire Council elections">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council_elections" title="Cheshire East Council elections">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council_elections" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council elections">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council_elections" title="Cornwall Council elections">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council_elections" title="Durham County Council elections">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council_elections" title="Cumberland Council elections">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Darlington Borough Council elections">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council_elections" title="Derby City Council elections">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_elections" title="Dorset Council elections">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council elections">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Halton Borough Council elections">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Hartlepool Borough Council elections">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council_elections" title="Herefordshire Council elections">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council_elections" title="Isle of Wight Council elections">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly_elections" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly elections">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council_elections" title="Hull City Council elections">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council_elections" title="Leicester City Council elections">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Luton Borough Council elections">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council_elections" title="Medway Council elections">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council_elections" title="Middlesbrough Council elections">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes Council elections">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North East Lincolnshire Council elections">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North Lincolnshire Council elections">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="North Northamptonshire Council elections">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council_elections" title="North Somerset Council elections">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="North Yorkshire Council elections">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council_elections" title="Northumberland County Council elections">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council_elections" title="Nottingham City Council elections">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council_elections" title="Peterborough City Council elections">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council_elections" title="Plymouth City Council elections">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council_elections" title="Portsmouth City Council elections">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council_elections" title="Reading Borough Council elections">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council_elections" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council elections">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council_elections" title="Rutland County Council elections">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council_elections" title="Shropshire Council elections">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council_elections" title="Slough Borough Council elections">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset County Council elections">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council_elections" title="Southampton City Council elections">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council_elections" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council elections">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council_elections" title="South Gloucestershire Council elections">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council_elections" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council elections">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council_elections" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council elections">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council_elections" title="Swindon Borough Council elections">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council_elections" title="Telford and Wrekin Council elections">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council_elections" title="Thurrock Council elections">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council_elections" title="Torbay Council elections">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Warrington Borough Council elections">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council_elections" title="West Berkshire Council elections">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council_elections" title="Westmorland and Furness Council elections">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="West Northamptonshire Council elections">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council_elections" title="Wiltshire Council elections">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council_elections" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council elections">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wokingham Borough Council elections">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council_elections" title="City of York Council elections">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022488#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022488#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022488#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143259714">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1295097/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfh9TBp4rt3dMxrp789jC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2001147294">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007496496505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ff63e1f7-14fa-422f-876a-f57293c9219d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&oldid=1256535975">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&oldid=1256535975</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brighton_and_Hove" title="Category:Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_established_in_1997" title="Category:Government agencies established in 1997">Government agencies established in 1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_East_Sussex" title="Category:Local government in East Sussex">Local government in East Sussex</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unitary_authority_districts_of_England" title="Category:Unitary authority districts of England">Unitary authority districts of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_South_East_England" title="Category:Cities in South East England">Cities in South East England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_districts_of_South_East_England" title="Category:Local government districts of South East England">Local government districts of South East England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coast_to_Capital_Local_Enterprise_Partnership" title="Category:Coast to Capital Local Enterprise Partnership">Coast to Capital Local Enterprise Partnership</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1997_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1997 establishments in England">1997 establishments in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boroughs_in_England" title="Category:Boroughs in England">Boroughs in England</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from February 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_September_2013" title="Category:Use British English from September 2013">Use British English from September 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2024">Use dmy dates from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_OS_grid_coordinates" title="Category:Articles with OS grid coordinates">Articles with OS grid coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles needing cleanup from September 2024">Articles needing cleanup from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_sections_that_need_to_be_turned_into_prose_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from September 2024">Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 11:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brighton_and_Hove&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-g2nql","wgBackendResponseTime":252,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_c285b96b76dcdff67803575a76d4754c920558c1":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1022488","properties":{"stroke-width":4,"stroke":"#AA1205","title":"Brighton and Hove","stroke-opacity":0.3}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.221806,50.861667],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Mount Zion","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.209863,50.855077],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Benfield_Hill\" title=\"Benfield Hill\"\u003EBenfield Hill\u003C/a\u003E","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.19913776,50.86240005],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Round Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.181029,50.879992],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Varncombe Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.169687,50.871771],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Sweet Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.15246,50.88311],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Scare Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.128715,50.87767],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Tegdown Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.09722,50.85903],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#B00","title":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Stanmer_Park\" title=\"Stanmer Park\"\u003EStanmer Park\u003C/a\u003E","marker-symbol":"garden"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.123213,50.854615],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#708090","title":"Hollingbury Castle","marker-symbol":"monument"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.090001,50.850296],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Falmer Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.104971,50.836072],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Race Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.113657,50.824961],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Whitehawk_Hill\" title=\"Whitehawk Hill\"\u003EWhitehawk Hill\u003C/a\u003E","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.097442,50.824519],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#B00","title":"Sheepcote Valley","marker-symbol":"garden"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.23140989,50.86339951],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#999","title":"Cockroost Hill","marker-symbol":"triangle"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.06882146,50.806174],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Undercliff path","marker-symbol":"pitch"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.13629913,50.816782],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#708090","title":"Palace Pier","marker-symbol":"monument"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.10049,50.8126],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Brighton Marina","marker-symbol":"harbor"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.20290375,50.827626],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Shoreham Port","marker-symbol":"harbor"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.17670982,50.824288],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Kings Esplanade","marker-symbol":"swimming"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.800","walltime":"2.154","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13176,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":415884,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":28467,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":53,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":336763,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1658.439 1 -total"," 33.41% 554.119 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.24% 451.814 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 21.62% 358.492 1 Template:Infobox"," 20.64% 342.312 64 Template:Cite_web"," 9.16% 151.984 10 Template:Navbox"," 6.00% 99.586 1 Template:Brighton_and_Hove"," 5.77% 95.699 13 Template:Main_other"," 5.59% 92.747 1 Template:NOMIS2021"," 4.86% 80.520 1 Template:Maplink"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.927","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12920298,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-jvb4j","timestamp":"20241124050247","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Brighton and Hove","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brighton_and_Hove","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1022488","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1022488","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-08T18:53:39Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T11:09:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bf\/Churchill_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2537600.jpg","headline":"unitary authority area and city in East Sussex, England"}</script> </body> </html>