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<button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04605">arXiv:2410.04605</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.04605">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2410.04605">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Optical pumping of matrix-isolated barium monofluoride: dependence on the orientation of the BaF molecular axis </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heinrich%2C+D">D. Heinrich</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Corriveau%2C+Z">Z. Corriveau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia%2C+J+P">J. Perez Garcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McCall%2C+N+T">N. T. McCall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yau%2C+H+-">H. -M. Yau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R+L">R. L. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chauhan%2C+T">T. Chauhan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koyanagi%2C+G+K">G. K. Koyanagi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marsman%2C+A">A. Marsman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=George%2C+M+C">M. C. George</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Storry%2C+C+H">C. H. Storry</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horbatsch%2C+M">M. Horbatsch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hessels%2C+E+A">E. A. Hessels</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.04605v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Optical pumping of barium monofluoride (BaF) within a cryogenic neon matrix is demonstrated. Interestingly, with an applied magnetic field of 2~G, optical pumping is found to be considerably more efficient for a laser beam with right-circular polarization compared to left-circular polarization. Calculations show that the higher efficiency is due to a constructive versus destructive interference an… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.04605v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2410.04605v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.04605v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Optical pumping of barium monofluoride (BaF) within a cryogenic neon matrix is demonstrated. Interestingly, with an applied magnetic field of 2~G, optical pumping is found to be considerably more efficient for a laser beam with right-circular polarization compared to left-circular polarization. Calculations show that the higher efficiency is due to a constructive versus destructive interference and is dependent on the orientation of the BaF molecule relative to the magnetic field direction. The effect leads to orientation-dependent optical pumping within the matrix. As optical pumping is the first step used in our planned electron electric-dipole moment (eEDM) measurement, we intend to exploit this property to obtain the selection of molecular orientations that is required for an eEDM measurement. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.04605v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2410.04605v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04598">arXiv:2410.04598</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.04598">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2410.04598">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Specular reflection of polar molecules from a simple multi-cylinder electrostatic mirror: a method for separating BaF molecules produced in a buffer-gas-cooled laser-ablation source from other ablation products </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yau%2C+H+-">H. -M. Yau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Corriveau%2C+Z">Z. Corriveau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McCall%2C+N+T">N. T. McCall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia%2C+J+P">J. Perez Garcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heinrich%2C+D">D. Heinrich</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R+L">R. L. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koyanagi%2C+G+K">G. K. Koyanagi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=George%2C+M+C">M. C. George</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Storry%2C+C+H">C. H. Storry</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horbatsch%2C+M">M. Horbatsch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hessels%2C+E+A">E. A. Hessels</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.04598v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A method for specular reflection of polar molecules is proposed. Electrostatatic potentials and forces are calculated for a low-field-seeking molecule near a series of long cylindrical electrodes of radius $r$ with dc potentials of $+V$ and $-V$ applied to alternate electrodes. A center-to-center separation of $2.9\,r$ leads to remarkably flat equipotential surfaces and thus to a nearly planar mir… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.04598v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2410.04598v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.04598v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A method for specular reflection of polar molecules is proposed. Electrostatatic potentials and forces are calculated for a low-field-seeking molecule near a series of long cylindrical electrodes of radius $r$ with dc potentials of $+V$ and $-V$ applied to alternate electrodes. A center-to-center separation of $2.9\,r$ leads to remarkably flat equipotential surfaces and thus to a nearly planar mirror for specular reflection of the polar molecules, with the angle of reflection equalling the angle of incidence to an accuracy approaching a microradian. This mirror can be used to redirect cryogenic molecular beams. Separating barium monofluoride (BaF) molecules created in a helium-buffer-gas laser-ablation source from other ablation products is a necessary step to producing a pure sample of matrix-isolated BaF, as is required by the EDM$^3$ collaboration for implementing a precise measurement of the electron electric dipole moment. The design and modelling for the BaF deflector based on this electrode geometry is presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.04598v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2410.04598v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04591">arXiv:2410.04591</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.04591">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2410.04591">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Matrix isolated barium monofluoride: Assembling a sample of BaF molecules for a measurement of the electron electric dipole moment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Corriveau%2C+Z">Z. Corriveau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R+L">R. L. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heinrich%2C+D">D. Heinrich</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia%2C+J+P">J. Perez Garcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McCall%2C+N+T">N. T. McCall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yau%2C+H+-">H. -M. Yau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chauhan%2C+T">T. Chauhan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koyanagi%2C+G+K">G. K. Koyanagi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marsman%2C+A">A. Marsman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=George%2C+M+C">M. C. George</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Storry%2C+C+H">C. H. Storry</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horbatsch%2C+M">M. Horbatsch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hessels%2C+E+A">E. A. Hessels</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.04591v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A cryogenic neon solid doped with barium monofluoride (BaF) is created on a cryogenic substrate using a stream of Ne gas and a high-intensity beam of BaF molecules produced in a cryogenic helium-buffer-gas laser-ablation source. The apparatus is designed for eventual use in a measurement of the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). Laser-induced fluorescence is observed from transitions up to th… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.04591v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2410.04591v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.04591v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A cryogenic neon solid doped with barium monofluoride (BaF) is created on a cryogenic substrate using a stream of Ne gas and a high-intensity beam of BaF molecules produced in a cryogenic helium-buffer-gas laser-ablation source. The apparatus is designed for eventual use in a measurement of the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). Laser-induced fluorescence is observed from transitions up to the $B\,^2危_{1/2}$ state. The number of BaF molecules found to be present in the solid and addressable with this laser transition is approximately 10$^{10}$ per mm$^3$, which is of the same order as the total number of BaF molecules that impact the substrate during the hour of growth time for the solid. As a result, an eventual eEDM measurement could have continual access to an accumulation of an hour's worth of molecules (all of which are contained within a 1-mm$^3$ volume and are thermalized into the ground state), compared to beam experiments which study the molecules from a single ablation during the millisecond-timescale of their passage through a much larger-scale measurement apparatus. The number of BaF molecules observed in the doped solid matches the target value for our planned eEDM measurement. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.04591v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2410.04591v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.10667">arXiv:2305.10667</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.10667">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2305.10667">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Calculation of the local environment of a barium monofluoride molecule in a neon matrix </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R+L">R. L. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koyanagi%2C+G+K">G. K. Koyanagi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horbatsch%2C+M">M. Horbatsch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fournier%2C+R">R. Fournier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hessels%2C+E+A">E. A. Hessels</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.10667v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The local environment of a barium monofluoride (BaF) molecule embedded in a neon matrix is studied theoretically. The energy of the BaF-Ne triatomic system is calculated with a scalar relativistic Hamiltonian, using coupled-cluster theory at the CCSD(T) level for $1625$ positions of the Ne atom relative to the BaF molecule. The calculations are repeated with increasing basis sets (from double to q… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.10667v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2305.10667v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.10667v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The local environment of a barium monofluoride (BaF) molecule embedded in a neon matrix is studied theoretically. The energy of the BaF-Ne triatomic system is calculated with a scalar relativistic Hamiltonian, using coupled-cluster theory at the CCSD(T) level for $1625$ positions of the Ne atom relative to the BaF molecule. The calculations are repeated with increasing basis sets (from double to quintuple zeta), and are extrapolated to estimate the complete-basis-set limit. Using the potential obtained from these calculations, it is determined that substituting a BaF molecule for ten Ne atoms is favoured compared to substitutions for other numbers of Ne atoms. The equilibrium position and orientation of the BaF molecule and the displacement of its nearby Ne neighbours are determined. The potential barriers that prevent the BaF molecule from migrating and rotating are calculated. These barriers are essential for the EDM$^3$ collaboration, which is using BaF molecules embedded in a noble-gas solid to perform a precision measurement of the electron electric dipole moment. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.10667v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2305.10667v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 May, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.14804, arXiv:2212.09232</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09232">arXiv:2212.09232</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.09232">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2212.09232">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic and Molecular Clusters">physics.atm-clus</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2023.2198044">10.1080/00268976.2023.2198044 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Calculation of the local environment of a barium monofluoride molecule in an argon matrix: A step towards using matrix-isolated BaF for determining the electron electric dipole moment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R+L">R. L. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koyanagi%2C+G+K">G. K. Koyanagi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ragyanszki%2C+A">A. Ragyanszki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horbatsch%2C+M">M. Horbatsch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fournier%2C+R">R. Fournier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hessels%2C+E+A">E. A. Hessels</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2212.09232v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The local environment of a barium monofluoride (BaF) molecule embedded in an argon matrix is calculated. A substitution of a BaF molecule for four Ar atoms is found to be strongly favoured compared to substitutions for other numbers of Ar atoms. The equilibrium positions of the BaF molecule and its nearby Ar neighbours are found by minimizing the total energy. The potential barrier that prevents t… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2212.09232v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2212.09232v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2212.09232v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The local environment of a barium monofluoride (BaF) molecule embedded in an argon matrix is calculated. A substitution of a BaF molecule for four Ar atoms is found to be strongly favoured compared to substitutions for other numbers of Ar atoms. The equilibrium positions of the BaF molecule and its nearby Ar neighbours are found by minimizing the total energy. The potential barrier that prevents the migration of the BaF molecule within the solid and the barrier that prevents its rotation are calculated. At the cryogenic temperatures used by the EDM$^3$ collaboration, these barriers are sufficiently large to fix the position and orientation of the molecule. Knowledge of the local environment of matrix-isolated BaF molecules is essential for the EDM$^3$ collaboration, which is using them in a precision measurement of the electron electric dipole moment. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2212.09232v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2212.09232v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 May, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 18 December, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, 3 figures. As published, with typos corrected in tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Molecular Physics Vol. 121 No. 6, e2198044 (2023) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.14804">arXiv:2211.14804</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.14804">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2211.14804">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2023.111736">10.1016/j.jms.2023.111736 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Accurate calculation of the interaction of a barium monofluoride molecule with an argon atom: A step towards using matrix isolation of BaF for determining the electron electric dipole moment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koyanagi%2C+G+K">G. K. Koyanagi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R+L">R. L. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ragyanszki%2C+A">A. Ragyanszki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fournier%2C+R">R. Fournier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horbatsch%2C+M">M. Horbatsch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hessels%2C+E+A">E. A. Hessels</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.14804v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Calculations of the BaF-Ar triatomic system are performed with a relativistic Hamiltonian and coupled cluster theory at the CCSD(T) level for 1386 positions of the Ar atom relative to the BaF molecule. Calculations are repeated with increasing basis sets (double-, triple-, quadruple- and quintuple-zeta), and these are extrapolated to estimate the complete-basis-set limit. The resulting energies pr… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.14804v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2211.14804v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.14804v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Calculations of the BaF-Ar triatomic system are performed with a relativistic Hamiltonian and coupled cluster theory at the CCSD(T) level for 1386 positions of the Ar atom relative to the BaF molecule. Calculations are repeated with increasing basis sets (double-, triple-, quadruple- and quintuple-zeta), and these are extrapolated to estimate the complete-basis-set limit. The resulting energies provide a potential energy for the interaction of an Ar atom with a BaF molecule. A fit is presented that parametrizes this potential. This work is needed for an understanding of the position, modes of motion and energy shifts of BaF isolated in an Ar matrix. This understanding will guide the EDM$^3$ collaboration in its pursuit of a precision measurement of the electron electric dipole moment using BaF isolated in a cryogenic Ar matrix. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.14804v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2211.14804v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 November, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2022. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.04186">arXiv:2107.04186</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.04186">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2107.04186">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.104.062809">10.1103/PhysRevA.104.062809 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> High Resolution Spectroscopy of Neutral Yb Atoms in a Solid Ne Matrix </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">R. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xu%2C+C+-">C. -Y. Xu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pratt%2C+S+T">S. T. Pratt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xu%2C+H">H. Xu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zappala%2C+J+C">J. C. Zappala</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bailey%2C+K+G">K. G. Bailey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lu%2C+Z+-">Z. -T. Lu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mueller%2C+P">P. Mueller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=O%27Connor%2C+T+P">T. P. O'Connor</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kamorzin%2C+B+B">B. B. Kamorzin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bezrukov%2C+D+S">D. S. Bezrukov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xie%2C+Y">Y. Xie</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buchachenko%2C+A+A">A. A. Buchachenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Singh%2C+J+T">J. T. Singh</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2107.04186v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present an experimental and theoretical study of the absorption and emission spectra of Yb atoms in a solid Ne matrix at a resolution of 0.025 nm. Five absorption bands were identified as due to transitions from the $4f^{14}5d^06s^2\ ^1\!S_0$ ground state configuration to $4f^{14}5d^06s6p$ and $4f^{13}5d^16s^2$ configurations. The two lowest energy bands were assigned to outer-shell transitions… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2107.04186v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2107.04186v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2107.04186v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present an experimental and theoretical study of the absorption and emission spectra of Yb atoms in a solid Ne matrix at a resolution of 0.025 nm. Five absorption bands were identified as due to transitions from the $4f^{14}5d^06s^2\ ^1\!S_0$ ground state configuration to $4f^{14}5d^06s6p$ and $4f^{13}5d^16s^2$ configurations. The two lowest energy bands were assigned to outer-shell transitions to $6s6p\ ^3P_1$ and $^1P_1$ atomic states and displayed the structure of a broad doublet and an asymmetric triplet, respectively. The remaining three higher-frequency bands were assigned to inner-shell transitions to distinct $J=1$ states arising from the $4f^{13}5d^16s^2$ configuration and were highly structured with narrow linewidths. A classical simulation was performed to identify the stability and symmetry of possible trapping sites in the Ne crystal. It showed that the overarching 1+2 structure of the high frequency bands could be predominantly ascribed to crystal field splitting in the axial field of a 10-atom vacancy of $C_{4v}$ symmetry. Their prominent substructures were shown to be manifestations of phonon sidebands associated with the zero-phonon lines on each crystal field state. Unprecedented for a metal-rare gas system, resolution of individual phonon states on an allowed electronic transition was possible under excitation spectroscopy which reflects the semi-quantum nature of solid Ne. In contrast to the absorption spectra, emission spectra produced by steady-state excitation into the $^1P_1$ absorption band consisted of simple, unstructured fluorescence bands. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2107.04186v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2107.04186v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 July, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">13 pages, 9 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.0037">arXiv:1105.0037</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1105.0037">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1105.0037">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1105.0037">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Plasma Physics">physics.plasm-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-011-0299-3">10.1007/s10751-011-0299-3 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Towards Antihydrogen Trapping and Spectroscopy at ALPHA </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+E">Eoin Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andresen%2C+G+B">Gorm. B. Andresen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ashkezari%2C+M+D">Mohammad. D. Ashkezari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baquero-Ruiz%2C+M">Marcelo Baquero-Ruiz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertsche%2C+W">William Bertsche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowe%2C+P+D">Paul D. Bowe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bray%2C+C+C">Crystal C. Bray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">Claudio L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+S">Steven Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charlton%2C+M">Michael Charlton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fajans%2C+J">Joel Fajans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Friesen%2C+T">Tim Friesen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fujiwara%2C+M+C">Makoto C. Fujiwara</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gill%2C+D+R">David R. Gill</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hangst%2C+J+S">Jeffrey S. Hangst</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hardy%2C+W+N">Walter N. Hardy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayano%2C+R+S">Ruyugo S. Hayano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayden%2C+M+E">Michael E. Hayden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphries%2C+A+J">Andrew J. Humphries</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hydomako%2C+R">Richard Hydomako</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jonsell%2C+S">Svante Jonsell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurchaninov%2C+L">Leonid Kurchaninov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">Ricardo Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Madsen%2C+N">Niels Madsen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Menary%2C+S">Scott Menary</a> , et al. (15 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1105.0037v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Spectroscopy of antihydrogen has the potential to yield high-precision tests of the CPT theorem and shed light on the matter-antimatter imbalance in the Universe. The ALPHA antihydrogen trap at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator aims to prepare a sample of antihydrogen atoms confined in an octupole-based Ioffe trap and to measure the frequency of several atomic transitions. We describe our techniques t… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1105.0037v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1105.0037v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1105.0037v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Spectroscopy of antihydrogen has the potential to yield high-precision tests of the CPT theorem and shed light on the matter-antimatter imbalance in the Universe. The ALPHA antihydrogen trap at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator aims to prepare a sample of antihydrogen atoms confined in an octupole-based Ioffe trap and to measure the frequency of several atomic transitions. We describe our techniques to directly measure the antiproton temperature and a new technique to cool them to below 10 K. We also show how our unique position-sensitive annihilation detector provides us with a highly sensitive method of identifying antiproton annihilations and effectively rejecting the cosmic-ray background. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1105.0037v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1105.0037v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 April, 2011; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2011. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">10 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1104.4661">arXiv:1104.4661</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1104.4661">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1104.4661">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1104.4661">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Plasma Physics">physics.plasm-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Alpha Antihydrogen Experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=ALPHA+Collaboration"> ALPHA Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fujiwara%2C+M+C">M. C. Fujiwara</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andresen%2C+G+B">G. B. Andresen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ashkezari%2C+M+D">M. D. Ashkezari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baquero-Ruiz%2C+M">M. Baquero-Ruiz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertsche%2C+W">W. Bertsche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bray%2C+C+C">C. C. Bray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+E">E. Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">C. L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+S">S. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charlton%2C+M">M. Charlton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">C. L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fajans%2C+J">J. Fajans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Friesen%2C+T">T. Friesen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gill%2C+D+R">D. R. Gill</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hangst%2C+J+S">J. S. Hangst</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hardy%2C+W+N">W. N. Hardy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayano%2C+R+S">R. S. Hayano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayden%2C+M+E">M. E. Hayden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphries%2C+A+J">A. J. Humphries</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hydomako%2C+R">R. Hydomako</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jonsell%2C+S">S. Jonsell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurchaninov%2C+L">L. Kurchaninov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">R. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Madsen%2C+N">N. Madsen</a> , et al. (16 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1104.4661v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> ALPHA is an experiment at CERN, whose ultimate goal is to perform a precise test of CPT symmetry with trapped antihydrogen atoms. After reviewing the motivations, we discuss our recent progress toward the initial goal of stable trapping of antihydrogen, with some emphasis on particle detection techniques. </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1104.4661v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> ALPHA is an experiment at CERN, whose ultimate goal is to perform a precise test of CPT symmetry with trapped antihydrogen atoms. After reviewing the motivations, we discuss our recent progress toward the initial goal of stable trapping of antihydrogen, with some emphasis on particle detection techniques. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1104.4661v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1104.4661v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 April, 2011; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2011. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Invited talk presented at the Fifth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, June 28-July 2, 2010</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Proceedings of the Fifth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Ed. V.A. Kostelecky, pp. 50-54, World Scientific (2011) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.4110">arXiv:1012.4110</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1012.4110">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1012.4110">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1012.4110">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.11.004">10.1016/j.physletb.2010.11.004 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Search For Trapped Antihydrogen </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andresen%2C+G+B">Gorm B. Andresen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ashkezari%2C+M+D">Mohammad D. Ashkezari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baquero-Ruiz%2C+M">Marcelo Baquero-Ruiz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertsche%2C+W">William Bertsche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowe%2C+P+D">Paul D. Bowe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bray%2C+C+C">Crystal C. Bray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+E">Eoin Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">Claudio L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+S">Steven Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charlton%2C+M">Michael Charlton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fajans%2C+J">Joel Fajans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Friesen%2C+T">Tim Friesen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fujiwara%2C+M+C">Makoto C. Fujiwara</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gill%2C+D+R">David R. Gill</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hangst%2C+J+S">Jeffrey S. Hangst</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hardy%2C+W+N">Walter N. Hardy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayano%2C+R+S">Ryugo S. Hayano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayden%2C+M+E">Michael E. Hayden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphries%2C+A+J">Andrew J. Humphries</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hydomako%2C+R">Richard Hydomako</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jonsell%2C+S">Svante Jonsell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=J%C3%B8rgensen%2C+L+V">Lars V. J酶rgensen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurchaninov%2C+L">Lenoid Kurchaninov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">Ricardo Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Madsen%2C+N">Niels Madsen</a> , et al. (17 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1012.4110v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present the results of an experiment to search for trapped antihydrogen atoms with the ALPHA antihydrogen trap at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator. Sensitive diagnostics of the temperatures, sizes, and densities of the trapped antiproton and positron plasmas have been developed, which in turn permitted development of techniques to precisely and reproducibly control the initial experimental param… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1012.4110v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1012.4110v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1012.4110v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present the results of an experiment to search for trapped antihydrogen atoms with the ALPHA antihydrogen trap at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator. Sensitive diagnostics of the temperatures, sizes, and densities of the trapped antiproton and positron plasmas have been developed, which in turn permitted development of techniques to precisely and reproducibly control the initial experimental parameters. The use of a position-sensitive annihilation vertex detector, together with the capability of controllably quenching the superconducting magnetic minimum trap, enabled us to carry out a high-sensitivity and low-background search for trapped synthesised antihydrogen atoms. We aim to identify the annihilations of antihydrogen atoms held for at least 130 ms in the trap before being released over ~30 ms. After a three-week experimental run in 2009 involving mixing of 10^7 antiprotons with 1.3 10^9 positrons to produce 6 10^5 antihydrogen atoms, we have identified six antiproton annihilation events that are consistent with the release of trapped antihydrogen. The cosmic ray background, estimated to contribute 0.14 counts, is incompatible with this observation at a significance of 5.6 sigma. Extensive simulations predict that an alternative source of annihilations, the escape of mirror-trapped antiprotons, is highly unlikely, though this possibility has not yet been ruled out experimentally. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1012.4110v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1012.4110v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 December, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 7 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Physics Letters B 695 (2011) 95-104 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.4687">arXiv:1009.4687</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.4687">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1009.4687">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Plasma Physics">physics.plasm-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.013003">10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.013003 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Evaporative Cooling of Antiprotons to Cryogenic Temperatures </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=ALPHA+Collaboration"> ALPHA Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andresen%2C+G+B">G. B. Andresen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ashkezari%2C+M+D">M. D. Ashkezari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baquero-Ruiz%2C+M">M. Baquero-Ruiz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertsche%2C+W">W. Bertsche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowe%2C+P+D">P. D. Bowe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+E">E. Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">C. L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+S">S. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charlton%2C+M">M. Charlton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fajans%2C+J">J. Fajans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Friesen%2C+T">T. Friesen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fujiwara%2C+M+C">M. C. Fujiwara</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gill%2C+D+R">D. R. Gill</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hangst%2C+J+S">J. S. Hangst</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hardy%2C+W+N">W. N. Hardy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayano%2C+R+S">R. S. Hayano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayden%2C+M+E">M. E. Hayden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphries%2C+A">A. Humphries</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hydomako%2C+R">R. Hydomako</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jonsell%2C+S">S. Jonsell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurchaninov%2C+L">L. Kurchaninov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">R. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Madsen%2C+N">N. Madsen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Menary%2C+S">S. Menary</a> , et al. (15 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1009.4687v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report the application of evaporative cooling to clouds of trapped antiprotons, resulting in plasmas with measured temperature as low as 9~K. We have modeled the evaporation process for charged particles using appropriate rate equations. Good agreement between experiment and theory is observed, permitting prediction of cooling efficiency in future experiments. The technique opens up new possibi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1009.4687v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1009.4687v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1009.4687v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report the application of evaporative cooling to clouds of trapped antiprotons, resulting in plasmas with measured temperature as low as 9~K. We have modeled the evaporation process for charged particles using appropriate rate equations. Good agreement between experiment and theory is observed, permitting prediction of cooling efficiency in future experiments. The technique opens up new possibilities for cooling of trapped ions and is of particular interest in antiproton physics, where a precise \emph{CPT} test on trapped antihydrogen is a long-standing goal. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1009.4687v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1009.4687v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 September, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 4 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys.Rev.Lett.105:013003,2010 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.3036">arXiv:1002.3036</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1002.3036">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1002.3036">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1002.3036">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Plasma Physics">physics.plasm-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.01.066">10.1016/j.physletb.2010.01.066 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Antihydrogen formation dynamics in a multipolar neutral anti-atom trap </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andresen%2C+G+B">G. B. Andresen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertsche%2C+W">W. Bertsche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowe%2C+P+D">P. D. Bowe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bray%2C+C">C. Bray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+E">E. Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">C. L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+S">S. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charlton%2C+M">M. Charlton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fajans%2C+J">J. Fajans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fujiwara%2C+M+C">M. C. Fujiwara</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gill%2C+D+R">D. R. Gill</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hangst%2C+J+S">J. S. Hangst</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hardy%2C+W+N">W. N. Hardy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayano%2C+R+S">R. S. Hayano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayden%2C+M+E">M. E. Hayden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphries%2C+A+J">A. J. Humphries</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hydomako%2C+R">R. Hydomako</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=J%C3%B8rgensen%2C+L+V">L. V. J酶rgensen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kerrigan%2C+S+J">S. J. Kerrigan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurchaninov%2C+L">L. Kurchaninov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">R. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Madsen%2C+N">N. Madsen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nolan%2C+P">P. Nolan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Olchanski%2C+K">K. Olchanski</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Olin%2C+A">A. Olin</a> , et al. (11 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1002.3036v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Antihydrogen production in a neutral atom trap formed by an octupole-based magnetic field minimum is demonstrated using field-ionization of weakly bound anti-atoms. Using our unique annihilation imaging detector, we correlate antihydrogen detection by imaging and by field-ionization for the first time. We further establish how field-ionization causes radial redistribution of the antiprotons duri… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1002.3036v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1002.3036v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1002.3036v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Antihydrogen production in a neutral atom trap formed by an octupole-based magnetic field minimum is demonstrated using field-ionization of weakly bound anti-atoms. Using our unique annihilation imaging detector, we correlate antihydrogen detection by imaging and by field-ionization for the first time. We further establish how field-ionization causes radial redistribution of the antiprotons during antihydrogen formation and use this effect for the first simultaneous measurements of strongly and weakly bound antihydrogen atoms. Distinguishing between these provides critical information needed in the process of optimizing for trappable antihydrogen. These observations are of crucial importance to the ultimate goal of performing CPT tests involving antihydrogen, which likely depends upon trapping the anti-atom. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1002.3036v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1002.3036v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 16 February, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Physics Letters B 685 (2010) 141 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.0074">arXiv:0807.0074</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0807.0074">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/0807.0074">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0807.0074">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2899305">10.1063/1.2899305 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A novel antiproton radial diagnostic based on octupole induced ballistic loss </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andresen%2C+G+B">G. B. Andresen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertsche%2C+W">W. Bertsche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowe%2C+P+D">P. D. Bowe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bray%2C+C+C">C. C. Bray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+E">E. Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">C. L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+S">S. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charlton%2C+M">M. Charlton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fajans%2C+J">J. Fajans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fujiwara%2C+M+C">M. C. Fujiwara</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Funakoshi%2C+R">R. Funakoshi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gill%2C+D+R">D. R. Gill</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hangst%2C+J+S">J. S. Hangst</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hardy%2C+W+N">W. N. Hardy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayano%2C+R+S">R. S. Hayano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayden%2C+M+E">M. E. Hayden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphries%2C+A+J">A. J. Humphries</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hydomako%2C+R">R. Hydomako</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jenkins%2C+M+J">M. J. Jenkins</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jorgensen%2C+L+V">L. V. Jorgensen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurchaninov%2C+L">L. Kurchaninov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">R. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Madsen%2C+N">N. Madsen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nolan%2C+P">P. Nolan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Olchanski%2C+K">K. Olchanski</a> , et al. (13 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0807.0074v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report results from a novel diagnostic that probes the outer radial profile of trapped antiproton clouds. The diagnostic allows us to determine the profile by monitoring the time-history of antiproton losses that occur as an octupole field in the antiproton confinement region is increased. We show several examples of how this diagnostic helps us to understand the radial dynamics of antiproton… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0807.0074v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0807.0074v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0807.0074v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report results from a novel diagnostic that probes the outer radial profile of trapped antiproton clouds. The diagnostic allows us to determine the profile by monitoring the time-history of antiproton losses that occur as an octupole field in the antiproton confinement region is increased. We show several examples of how this diagnostic helps us to understand the radial dynamics of antiprotons in normal and nested Penning-Malmberg traps. Better understanding of these dynamics may aid current attempts to trap antihydrogen atoms. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0807.0074v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0807.0074v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 1 July, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2008. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys.Plasmas 15:032107,2008 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0805.4082">arXiv:0805.4082</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0805.4082">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2977840">10.1063/1.2977840 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Particle Physics Aspects of Antihydrogen Studies with ALPHA at CERN </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=ALPHA+Collaboration"> ALPHA Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fujiwara%2C+M+C">M. C. Fujiwara</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andresen%2C+G+B">G. B. Andresen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertsche%2C+W">W. Bertsche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowe%2C+P+D">P. D. Bowe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bray%2C+C+C">C. C. Bray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+E">E. Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cesar%2C+C+L">C. L. Cesar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+S">S. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charlton%2C+M">M. Charlton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fajans%2C+J">J. Fajans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Funakoshi%2C+R">R. Funakoshi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gill%2C+D+R">D. R. Gill</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hangst%2C+J+S">J. S. Hangst</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hardy%2C+W+N">W. N. Hardy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayano%2C+R+S">R. S. Hayano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayden%2C+M+E">M. E. Hayden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphries%2C+A+J">A. J. Humphries</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hydomako%2C+R">R. Hydomako</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jenkins%2C+M+J">M. J. Jenkins</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jorgensen%2C+L+V">L. V. Jorgensen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurchaninov%2C+L">L. Kurchaninov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lai%2C+W">W. Lai</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lambo%2C+R">R. Lambo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Madsen%2C+N">N. Madsen</a> , et al. (15 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0805.4082v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We discuss aspects of antihydrogen studies, that relate to particle physics ideas and techniques, within the context of the ALPHA experiment at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator facility. We review the fundamental physics motivations for antihydrogen studies, and their potential physics reach. We argue that initial spectroscopy measurements, once antihydrogen is trapped, could provide competitive te… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0805.4082v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0805.4082v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0805.4082v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We discuss aspects of antihydrogen studies, that relate to particle physics ideas and techniques, within the context of the ALPHA experiment at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator facility. We review the fundamental physics motivations for antihydrogen studies, and their potential physics reach. We argue that initial spectroscopy measurements, once antihydrogen is trapped, could provide competitive tests of CPT, possibly probing physics at the Planck Scale. We discuss some of the particle detection techniques used in ALPHA. Preliminary results from commissioning studies of a partial system of the ALPHA Si vertex detector are presented, the results of which highlight the power of annihilation vertex detection capability in antihydrogen studies. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0805.4082v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0805.4082v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 May, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2008. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Invited talk at Pbar08 - Workshop on Cold Antimatter Plasmas and Application to Fundamental Physics, Okinawa, Japan, 2008. 14 pages, 8 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> TRIUMF Preprint: TRI-PP-08-01 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> AIP Conf.Proc.1037:208-220,2008 </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to 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