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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_to_power_in_Golden_Horde_and_Europe:_1262–1266"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rise to power in Golden Horde and Europe: 1262–1266</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rise_to_power_in_Golden_Horde_and_Europe:_1262–1266-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rise to power in Golden Horde and Europe: 1262–1266 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rise_to_power_in_Golden_Horde_and_Europe:_1262–1266-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Berke–Hulagu_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berke–Hulagu_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Berke–Hulagu War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berke–Hulagu_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_against_the_Byzantines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_against_the_Byzantines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>War against the Byzantines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_against_the_Byzantines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_facto_rule:_1266–1294" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_facto_rule:_1266–1294"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>De facto rule: 1266–1294</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-De_facto_rule:_1266–1294-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle De facto rule: 1266–1294 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-De_facto_rule:_1266–1294-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Invasions_of_Bulgaria_and_of_Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasions_of_Bulgaria_and_of_Eastern_Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Invasions of Bulgaria and of Eastern Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasions_of_Bulgaria_and_of_Eastern_Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Second Mongol invasion of Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ascension_of_Talabuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascension_of_Talabuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ascension of Talabuga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascension_of_Talabuga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Third Mongol invasion of Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raid_on_Circassia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raid_on_Circassia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Raid on Circassia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raid_on_Circassia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_Talabuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_Talabuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Conflict with Talabuga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_Talabuga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_Tokhta_and_death:_1294–1300" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_Tokhta_and_death:_1294–1300"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conflict with Tokhta and death: 1294–1300</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conflict_with_Tokhta_and_death:_1294–1300-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Conflict with Tokhta and death: 1294–1300 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_Tokhta_and_death:_1294–1300-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Nerghi_Plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Nerghi_Plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Battle of Nerghi Plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Nerghi_Plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Kagamlik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Kagamlik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Battle of Kagamlik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Kagamlik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personality_and_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality_and_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personality and character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personality_and_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nogai Khan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نوغاي خان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوغاي خان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C4%9Fay_xan" title="Noğay xan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Noğay xan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Нагай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нагай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ногай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ногай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_Noyan" title="Nogai Noyan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nogai Noyan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Нухай – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нухай" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nogai Khan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_Kan" title="Nogai Kan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nogai Kan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noga%C3%AF" title="Nogaï – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nogaï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B9%B8" title="노가이 칸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노가이 칸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नोगाई ख़ान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोगाई ख़ान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogaj-kan" title="Nogaj-kan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nogaj-kan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nogai Khan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%92%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%90%D7%9F" title="נוגאי חאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוגאי חאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="ნოღაი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოღაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ноғай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ноғай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ногай – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ногай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nogai Khan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4" title="ノガイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノガイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogaj_khan" title="Nogaj khan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nogaj khan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%CA%BBg%CA%BBay" title="Noʻgʻay – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Noʻgʻay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نوغائی خان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نوغائی خان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogaj" title="Nogaj – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nogaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_(comandante)" title="Nogai (comandante) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nogai (comandante)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C4%9Fay_(emir)" title="Noğay (emir) – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Noğay (emir)" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ногай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ногай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ноҕай – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ноҕай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogaj" title="Nogaj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nogaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Ногај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ногај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="நோகை கான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோகை கான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA)" title="Нугай (бәкләрибәк) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нугай (бәкләрибәк)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogay_Han" title="Nogay Han – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nogay Han" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ногай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ногай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%B5%B7" title="那海 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="那海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">13th century Mongol general and kingmaker</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Nogai</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_Palaiologina_(daughter_of_Michael_VIII)" title="Euphrosyne Palaiologina (daughter of Michael VIII)">Euphrosyne Palaiologina</a></li> <li>Alagh (Алаг)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Djögä<sup id="cite_ref-GeniNogai_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeniNogai-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tügä<sup id="cite_ref-GeniNogai_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeniNogai-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Toraï<sup id="cite_ref-GeniNogai_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeniNogai-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaka_of_Bulgaria" title="Chaka of Bulgaria">Chaka of Bulgaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Tatar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data">Golden Horde army</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1250s – 1290s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Army General</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">Berke–Hulagu war</a>, <br /> War with Byzantines, <br /> Invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="Second Mongol invasion of Hungary">Second Mongol invasion of Hungary</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Second Mongol invasion of Poland</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Third Mongol invasion of Poland</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Toqta#Early_reign_under_Nogai" title="Toqta">Battle of the Kagamlyk River</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nogai</b>, or <b>Noğay</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language">Kypchak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Turki</a>: نوغای; also spelled <b>Nogay</b>, <b>Nogaj</b>, <b>Nohai</b>, <b>Nokhai</b>, <b>Noqai</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971113_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971113-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Ngoche</b>, <b>Noche</b>, <b>Kara Nokhai</b>, and <b>Isa Nogai</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> died 1299/1300) was a <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">general</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingmaker" title="Kingmaker">kingmaker</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>. His great grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>. </p><p>Though he never formally ruled the Golden Horde himself, he was effectively the co-ruler of the state alongside whatever khan was in power at the time and had unrestricted control over the portions west of the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a>. At his height, Nogai was one of the most powerful men in Europe and widely thought of as the Horde's true head. The Russian chroniclers gave him the title of <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> missionaries in the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> spoke of him as a co-emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nogai was also a notable <a href="/wiki/Convert_to_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Convert to Islam">convert to Islam</a> in 1271. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French historian <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pelliot" title="Paul Pelliot">Paul Pelliot</a> wrote that Nokhai meant "dog". Although in the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian language</a>, "nokhoi" (in <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ</span>, <i>nokhai</i>) literally means a "dog", it does not necessarily mean a particularly negative and insulting name in its context, since people were called "dogs" among the Mongols at the time and sometimes presently as "nokhduud" as in "you dogs (guys/men/people)". Genghis Khan also called his capable generals "dogs of war" or "men of war". This probably came about because Mongols had a lot of dogs, which were very useful for people's lives in hunting and alerting them to danger. Thus dogs became a big part of nomadic life and also played a big part in their religion. According to British historian <a href="/wiki/J._J._Saunders" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Saunders">J. J. Saunders</a>, the name "Dog" was <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">used to distract the attention of evil spirits</a> (presumably, they would not be interested in a canine). The Mongols sometimes referred to the wolf as a "steppe dog". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_under_Batu_and_Berke">Early life under Batu and Berke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life under Batu and Berke"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nogai was born to Tatar (Tutar), a son of Terval who was a son of <a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a>. He would rule his grandfather's <a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">appanage</a> after his father died. After the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Mongol invasion of Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu_Khan" title="Batu Khan">Batu Khan</a> left Nogai with a tumen (10,000 warriors) in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> as a frontier guard. He was a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">Berke</a> Khan as well as Batu Khan and <a href="/wiki/Orda_Khan" title="Orda Khan">Orda Khan</a>, and under his uncle, he became a powerful and ambitious warlord. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland">Second Mongol invasion of Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Mongol invasion of Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Second Mongol invasion of Poland</a></div> <p>In his later years, Berke began to delegate more and more responsibility to his promising nephew. Nogai's leading role first appears, along with <a href="/wiki/Talabuga" title="Talabuga">Talabuga</a>, under famous Mongol general <a href="/wiki/Burundai" class="mw-redirect" title="Burundai">Burundai</a> as a battle commander in 1259/1260. He was a young sub-commander during the second major <a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Mongol raid against Poland</a>, undertaken to pay for Berke's war against Hulegu. Here Nogai distinguished himself and plundered <a href="/wiki/Sandomierz" title="Sandomierz">Sandomierz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> and other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_to_power_in_Golden_Horde_and_Europe:_1262–1266"><span id="Rise_to_power_in_Golden_Horde_and_Europe:_1262.E2.80.931266"></span>Rise to power in Golden Horde and Europe: 1262–1266</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rise to power in Golden Horde and Europe: 1262–1266"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nogai's father Tatar died when he was serving under <a href="/wiki/Hulegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulegu">Hulegu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berke–Hulagu_War"><span id="Berke.E2.80.93Hulagu_War"></span>Berke–Hulagu War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Berke–Hulagu War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">Berke–Hulagu war</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_du_Terek_(1262).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bataille_du_Terek_%281262%29.jpeg/260px-Bataille_du_Terek_%281262%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bataille_du_Terek_%281262%29.jpeg/390px-Bataille_du_Terek_%281262%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bataille_du_Terek_%281262%29.jpeg/520px-Bataille_du_Terek_%281262%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1485" /></a><figcaption>Nogai defeats Hulegu at the Battle of Terek in 1263.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1262, a <a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">civil war</a> broke out between the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate, with Berke and <a href="/wiki/Hulagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu">Hulagu</a> supporting separate claimants for the title of khagan. Nogai Khan was given a high role in the army of the Golden Horde; <a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani" title="Rashid al-Din Hamadani">Rashid Al-Din</a> describes him as Berke's "commander-in-chief".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971122_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971122-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a command of 30,000 men. He was first charged with raiding along the frontier into the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>; Nogai made multiple reconnaissances in force into the Caucasus region, drawing Hulegu north with the bulk of his forces. He annihilated an advance guard under Shiramun, and raided as far as the <a href="/wiki/Kura_(South_Caucasus_river)" title="Kura (South Caucasus river)">Kur</a>, but was himself repulsed near <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eabran" title="Şabran">Shabran</a> in December 1262, and forced to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nogai then took on the task of repelling Hulegu's attempted invasion, as the latter was emboldened; Hulegu marched north with his army to invade Berke's territory, attempting to envelope Nogai's army at the <a href="/wiki/Terek_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Terek River">Terek</a>, but found only an abandoned camp. While Hulegu's men were looting the camp, Nogai's troops surprised Hulegu's at the Terek River, cutting down a great many of them in an ambush. Hulegu rallied his men and a day-long battle ensued; the fighting was fierce, but the Golden Horde's initial advantage was too great. The Ilkhanate army was routed and many thousands of them were drowned while trying to flee, and the survivors fled back into <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. This victory greatly enhanced Nogai's reputation in the Horde, and he was already a trusted lieutenant of Berke.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1264, the war effectively ended when <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> was crowned khagan with the acknowledgement of Berke, Hulegu, and Chagatai. However the war was renewed between the Golden Horde and Ilkhanate in 1265. Nogai was given the task of leading an invasion of the Ilkhanate, now ruled by Hulegu's successor <a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaqa Khan</a>. He invaded Persia and plundered some areas before being met in battle by Abaqa on the Aksu. A fierce and severe battle ensued in which Nogai was personally injured (losing an eye) and his army was forced to retreat. Abaqa pursued Nogai's army across the Kur, hoping to wipe it out, but Abaqa was forced to withdraw when Berke arrived with reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-Henry_Hoyle_Howorth_1876_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_Hoyle_Howorth_1876-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_against_the_Byzantines">War against the Byzantines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: War against the Byzantines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1265, Nogai led his army across the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, leading 20,000 soldiers into Byzantine territory. He routed the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> forces before him, and devastated the cities of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>. In 1266, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaeologus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VIII Palaeologus">Michael VIII Palaeologus</a>, anxious to make an alliance, gave his daughter <a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_Palaiologina_(daughter_of_Michael_VIII)" title="Euphrosyne Palaiologina (daughter of Michael VIII)">Euphrosyne Palaiologina</a> to Nogai as a wife. He gave much valuable fabric to the Golden Horde as tribute, and became an ally of the Horde, principally dealing with it through Nogai instead of the official khan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also gifted Nogai pearls, jewels, and valuable garments, temporarily causing Nogai to abandon the animal skins he usually wore outside of battle. Nogai did however slyly ask if the jewels and clothes could ward off lightning bolts, prevent headache, or promote good health, before praising the practicality of the dog skins his people wore.<sup id="cite_ref-Henry_Hoyle_Howorth_1876_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_Hoyle_Howorth_1876-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_facto_rule:_1266–1294"><span id="De_facto_rule:_1266.E2.80.931294"></span>De facto rule: 1266–1294</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: De facto rule: 1266–1294"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berke died sometime in 1266. Despite his influence, Nogai did not try to seize rulership of the Golden Horde, settling for serving <a href="/wiki/Mengu-Timur" title="Mengu-Timur">Mengu-Timur</a> Khan. However he managed to exercise de facto control, with near-total control over the lands west of the Dnieper. In addition to his Turkic subjects he ruled the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenians</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galicia-Volhynia" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia-Volhynia">Galicia-Volhynia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Vlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlach">Vlachs</a> directly. He also undertook his own foreign policy, sending envoys to the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultanate</a>, forming marriage alliances with Byzantium and the Il-Khanate, and raiding various European kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1282, Nogai sent 4,000 Mongol soldiers to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, to help his father in law Emperor Michael suppress the rebels headed by John I Doukas of <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>. But Michael died and <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II</a> used the allied troops to fight against Serbia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasions_of_Bulgaria_and_of_Eastern_Roman_Empire">Invasions of Bulgaria and of Eastern Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Invasions of Bulgaria and of Eastern Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Ivaylo" title="Uprising of Ivaylo">Uprising of Ivaylo</a></div> <p>In 1271 and 1274, Nogai led raids against Bulgaria and Byzantium. In the first raid, the East Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VIII">Michael VIII</a> avoided the battle and offered his daughter as wife for Nogai<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1277, a <a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Ivaylo" title="Uprising of Ivaylo">popular movement</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Ivaylo_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivaylo of Bulgaria">Ivaylo of Bulgaria</a> gained the support of many soldiers and nobles and defeated a column of Mongols raiding into their territory. In 1278-79 Nogai, annoyed by the uprising, personally led a force into Bulgaria. He defeated the Bulgarians, raided the country, and besieged Ivaylo in <a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a>, however he withdrew after three months. Ivaylo subsequently escaped the Mongol blockade and led a Bulgarian force to victory over Nogai's Byzantine allies at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Devina" title="Battle of Devina">Battle of Devina</a>. In 1280 Ivaylo began to lose support among his followers, who were not interested in unending wars with the Byzantines, sections of the Bulgarian nobility, and Mongol raiding parties. The nobles subsequently elected George Terter I as emperor. Ivaylo decided to appeal to Nogai, personally appearing before him with a small group of followers asking the khan to make Ivaylo emperor again; Nogai at first received him warmly and invited him to a feast. But at the feast, with Ivaylo and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_III" title="Ivan Asen III">Ivan Asen III</a> seated to his sides, Nogai pointed at Ivaylo and said "He is an enemy of my father, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VIII">Michael VIII</a>, and does not deserve to live." Ivaylo was executed on the spot by Nogai's guards.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nogai considered executing Ivan as well, the second pretender to the Bulgarian throne, but his wife Euphrosyne requested he spare Ivan, and Nogai relented. Ivan was allowed to flee to Asia Minor.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nogai made the new Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Bulgaria" title="George I of Bulgaria">George Terter</a> his vassal. After George's flight to Constantinople, Nogai set his close associate <a href="/wiki/Smilets_of_Bulgaria" title="Smilets of Bulgaria">Smilets</a> on the Bulgarian throne, keeping Bulgaria a vassal of the Golden Horde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary">Second Mongol invasion of Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second Mongol invasion of Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="Second Mongol invasion of Hungary">Second Mongol invasion of Hungary</a></div> <p>In the winter of 1285, Nogai and <a href="/wiki/Talabuga" title="Talabuga">Talabuga</a> Khan invaded <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> with Mongol and <a href="/wiki/Cuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuman">Cuman</a> troops, but unlike <a href="/wiki/Subutai" title="Subutai">Subutai</a> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">forty years earlier</a>, they were defeated. They invaded on two fronts with a considerable army. Nogai had been told of the perilous political situation in Hungary by fleeing Cuman warriors (King Ladislaus IV's nobles were practically rebelling against him, and Hungary had just been weakened by a Cuman rebellion they had recently defeated), and planned to capitalize on it by launching a vast campaign against the apparently weakened kingdom. </p><p>The invasion plan was devised by Nogai, with two columns led by him and Talabuga. Talabuga's troops devastated <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> and raided as far as <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>, but the Hungarians' newly constructed fortification network gave them much trouble. The Mongol forces were unable to take any major stone castles or fortified cities and suffered from supply shortages, sallies by local Hungarian forces, and stiff resistance in any castle or town they assaulted. Eventually they were beaten by the Hungarian royal army under <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladislaus IV of Hungary</a> near <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>, and the retreating Mongol forces were ambushed by the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Székelys">Székelys</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> losing much of their invading force. </p><p>Nogai was more successful than Talabuga, staying in Hungary into spring and retaining the bulk of his army, but still suffered several serious reverses at the hands of local Hungarian troops (primary Szekelys, Saxons, and Vlachs). He also failed to capture any major fortifications, with the exception of the Saxon castle of <a href="/wiki/Mikod_K%C3%B6k%C3%A9nyesradn%C3%B3t" title="Mikod Kökényesradnót">Ban Mikod</a>. Nogai's column never came into contact with the royal army, as his losses to the local Hungarian forces in the areas he operated in were sufficiently serious to convince him to retreat prematurely. His column was also ambushed by the Szekelys on the return.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Overall the campaign was a severe defeat for the Golden Horde and one of Nogai's biggest setbacks; there would be no major incursions into Hungary after it, only raiding along the frontier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ascension_of_Talabuga">Ascension of Talabuga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ascension of Talabuga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon returning from their disastrous campaign in Hungary to the Horde's heartland in 1287, they found <a href="/wiki/Tuda-Mengu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuda-Mengu">Tuda-Mengu</a> Khan sunk in religious torpor. Later in the year, he relinquished the throne to his nephew, Talabuga. Eager to prove himself as a capable ruler and not a puppet of Nogai, and probably wanting to make up for his part of the loss in Hungary, Talabuga immediately launched an invasion against the Ilkhanate, attempting to seize the disputed territory of Azerbaijan. He failed, discrediting him and playing into the hands of his rival Nogai, who was still respected despite his own defeats in Transylvania. Nogai would remain a powerful ruler during Talabuga's brief term as khan of the Golden Horde.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland">Third Mongol invasion of Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Third Mongol invasion of Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Third Mongol invasion of Poland</a></div> <p>Nogai and Talabuga made a <a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">third raid against Poland</a> in 1287/1288 but were defeated by a contingency of Eastern European armies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raid_on_Circassia">Raid on Circassia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Raid on Circassia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the unsuccessful raid on Poland, Nogai and Talabuga made another expedition, this time into <a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a>. There they pillaged and killed at will. However, on their return to their winter quarters, heavy snows caused Talabuga's army to get lost on the return and suffer greatly. Nogai's army made their way to winter quarters safe and sound. Talabuga blamed this on Nogai.<sup id="cite_ref-Howorth,_p._139-140_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howorth,_p._139-140-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_Talabuga">Conflict with Talabuga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Conflict with Talabuga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nogai and Talabuga had never gotten along, and their quarrelling during the invasions of Poland and Circassia is held by 19th-century Russian historian <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Nikolay Karamzin</a> to be a major reason for the heavy losses taken in those expeditions. In autumn of 1290, Talabuga, thinking Nogai was conspiring against him, decided to muster an army and march against his general. Nogai decided to feign ignorance, though he knew full well Talabuga's distaste for him; he also sent letters to Talabuga's mother, saying he had personal advice to give to the khan that he could only do alone, essentially requesting a formal meeting of princes. Talabuga's mother advised him to trust Nogai, and subsequently, Talabuga disbanded most of his forces and showed up for a meeting with Nogai with only a small retinue. According to Rashid Al-Din, Nogai received Talabuga warmly and feigned illness to appear more harmless.<sup id="cite_ref-Howorth,_p._139-140_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howorth,_p._139-140-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Nogai was duplicitous; he had arrived at the designated meeting spot accompanied by a large group of soldiers and <a href="/wiki/Tokhta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhta">Tokhta</a>, as well as three sons of Mengu-Timur. While Nogai and Talabuga met, Nogai's men sprung out in an ambush, quickly capturing Talabuga and his supporters; Nogai, with the help of protégés, then strangled Talabuga to death. After this, he turned to the young Tokhta and said: "Talabuga has usurped the throne of your father, and your brothers who are with him have agreed to arrest you and put you to death. I deliver them up to you, and you may do with them as you will." Tokhta subsequently had them killed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his role in placing Tokhta on the throne, Nogai received the revenues of the Crimean trade cities.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nogai then beheaded many of the Mongol nobles who were supporters of Talabuga, in order to consolidate the rule of his supposed puppet khan. Tokhta was declared khan in early 1291. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflict_with_Tokhta_and_death:_1294–1300"><span id="Conflict_with_Tokhta_and_death:_1294.E2.80.931300"></span>Conflict with Tokhta and death: 1294–1300</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Conflict with Tokhta and death: 1294–1300"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, Tokhta would prove a more headstrong ruler than either Tuda-Mengur or Talabuga. Nogai and Tokhta soon found themselves embroiled in a deadly rivalry; while they cooperated in raids against rebellious Rus' principalities, they remained in competition. Tokhta's father-in-law and wife often complained that Nogai seemed to consider himself superior to Tokhta, and Nogai repeatedly rejected any demands Tokhta made of him to attend his court. They also disagreed over the policy of trading rights for the Genoese and Venetian cities in Crimea. Two years after Nogai installed Tokhta, their rivalry came to a head and Tokhta set out to gather his supporters for a war against Nogai.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Nerghi_Plains">Battle of Nerghi Plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Battle of Nerghi Plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tokhta, with more control over the eastern portions of the empire, managed to gather a massive force, larger than Nogai's but reportedly less able at arms owing to the experience of Nogai's men in their wars in Europe. Marco Polo, drawing from Mongol sources, states that Nogai assembled 15 tumens (150,000 men) and Tokhta assembled 20 tumens (200,000 men), but these numbers are likely exaggerated. The two rulers made camp ten miles from each other on the plain of Nerghi in 1297,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> halfway between Nogai's lands and Tokhta's. One day's rest later, a hard battle ensued lasting most of the day, in which Nogai and Tokhta both personally distinguished themselves in battle (despite the former's age). In the end, Nogai was victorious in spite of his numerical disadvantage. Reportedly, 60,000 of Tokhta's men were killed (nearly a third of his army), but Tokhta himself managed to escape.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Kagamlik">Battle of Kagamlik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Battle of Kagamlik"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, Tokhta was not yet finished. After a few years he managed to reform his army and raise a larger host with which he confronted Nogai deep within Nogai's own territory, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahamlyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahamlyk (page does not exist)">Kahamlyk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE)" class="extiw" title="uk:Кагамлик (село)">uk</a>]</span> (Kagamlik), near the Dnieper. Here in 1299 or 1300, Tokhta finally prevailed, with his army defeating Nogai's. Nogai's sons escaped the battle with 1,000 horsemen, while Nogai was found fleeing with 17 when he was wounded by a Russian soldier in the service of Tokhta. He said: "I am Nogai. Take me to Toqta, who is the Khan." The soldier killed Nogai and brought his head to Tokhta. This enraged Tokhta, angered that a Mongol prince's blood had been shed (he planned to execute Nogai in a bloodless manner in keeping with tradition), had the soldier put to death. Nogai's sons were hunted down and executed soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971128–129_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971128–129-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his power and prowess in battle, Nogai never attempted to seize the Golden Horde khanate for himself, preferring to act as a sort of kingmaker. He served under several Golden Horde Khans: Berke, <a href="/wiki/Mengu-Timur" title="Mengu-Timur">Mengu-Timur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuda-Mengu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuda-Mengu">Tuda-Mengu</a>, Talabuga, and <a href="/wiki/Tokhta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhta">Tokhta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality_and_character">Personality and character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personality and character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rashid Al-Din presents Nogai as both a capable general and as a wily old politician. He was content to remain a kingmaker and the power behind the throne, rather than seizing direct control of the Horde himself. Nogai self-consciously promoted Mongol ways, and took pride in his lineage. Despite this, his religious beliefs apparently followed his diplomatic needs; initially he was a devout <a href="/wiki/Tengrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tengrist">Tengrist</a>, like most of the Golden Horde, and remained one even after Berke's conversion to Islam. Later on, in a letter to Egypt in 1271, he claimed to have converted to Islam, and his name was included on a list of converts sent by Berke to the Mamluk Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> in 1263. Yet in 1288 he presented Buddhist relics to the Il-Khan Arghun. One of Nogai's wives, Yailaq, regularly visited a Franciscan convent in Qirim (<a href="/wiki/Stary_Krym" class="mw-redirect" title="Stary Krym">Staryy Krym</a>) and was baptized a Catholic. After Toqta ascended the throne, Nogai married his daughter Qiyat to Yailaq (no relation to Nogai's wife), a Buddhist and son of the tribe commander Salji'udai. Nogai's daughter Qiyat, after her marriage, converted to Islam (Nogai had evidently not raised her as a Muslim).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nogai's first wife was named Chubei, and his second was named Yailaq, along with the Byzantine princess Euphrosyne. Chubei was described by Rashid Al-Din as "clever and competent". Nogai had two sons by Chubei: Joge (the eldest) and Tige. He had one son named Torai by Yailaq. He also had a daughter named Quiyaq.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971126–129_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971126–129-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had another wife named Alaka with which he had another son, <a href="/wiki/Chaka_of_Bulgaria" title="Chaka of Bulgaria">Chaka</a>, who ruled as the tsar of Bulgaria from 1299 to 1300. He was also close friends with Mankus, a Byzantine merchant from Crimea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arranged and held the marriage ceremony of Mankus's daughter <a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_of_Bulgaria" title="Euphrosyne of Bulgaria">Encona</a> to <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Svetoslav_of_Bulgaria" title="Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria">Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria</a> at his court, and his wife Euphrosyne became her god-mother.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GeniNogai-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GeniNogai_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeniNogai_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeniNogai_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geni.com/people/Nogai-Isa-Khan/375777528840004741">Geni - Nogai / Isa Khan (b. – c. 1299)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geni.com" title="Geni.com">Geni.com</a>. Accessed 5 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971113-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971113_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRashid_Al-Din1971">Rashid Al-Din 1971</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. V. Vernadsky, <i>The Mongols and Rus</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaul_D._BuellFrancesca_Fiaschetti2003" class="citation book cs1">Paul D. Buell; Francesca Fiaschetti (2003). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire</i>. p. 219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Mongol+World+Empire&rft.pages=219&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Paul+D.+Buell&rft.au=Francesca+Fiaschetti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANogai+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. J. Saunders, <i>The History of the Mongol Conquests</i>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. P. Atwood Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971122-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971122_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRashid_Al-Din1971">Rashid Al-Din 1971</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Lane, <i>Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance</i>, p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howorth, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. J Saunders, <i>The History of the Mongol Conquests</i>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howorth, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henry_Hoyle_Howorth_1876-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henry_Hoyle_Howorth_1876_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henry_Hoyle_Howorth_1876_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Hoyle Howorth (1876). <i>History of the Mongols</i>. p. 1012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">René Grousset The Empire of Steppes, page 399-400</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, p. 406-407</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Pachymeres, De Michaele Paleologo VIII, tom. I., ed.Bonn, 1835 p. 348</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"De Michaele et Andronico Paleologis by George Pachymeres" in GIBI, vol. X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, p. 181-182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fine, J. (1987). The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Page 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818090015/http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/kos/kos06.htm">"The Daco-Roman Legend"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/kos/kos06.htm">the original</a> on 2007-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Daco-Roman+Legend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hungarian-history.hu%2Flib%2Fkos%2Fkos06.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANogai+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders. p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howorth,_p._139-140-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howorth,_p._139-140_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howorth,_p._139-140_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Howorth, p. 139-140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howorth, p.140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders, p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Polo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VovVAAAAMAAJ&q=Nogai">"The Travels."</a> Trans. L.F. Benedetto. Page 433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janet Martin, "Medieval Russia: 980-1584", page 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhanat Kundakbayeva, "The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to the Present time", Almaty, 2016 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7i08DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99">GBook on line</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pps.kaznu.kz/kz/Main/FileShow2/78235/92/359/122/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0/2017/2">here, pdf p. 68-69</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Polo, p. 434</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baybars al Mansuri-Zubdat al-Fikra, p.355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971128–129-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971128–129_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRashid_Al-Din1971">Rashid Al-Din 1971</a>, pp. 128–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, p. 407</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vásáry, p.71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971126–129-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid_Al-Din1971126–129_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRashid_Al-Din1971">Rashid Al-Din 1971</a>, pp. 126–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Павлов, Пламен. Търновските царици. В.Т.:ДАР-ТХ, 2006.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogai_Khan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Saunders" title="John Joseph Saunders">Saunders, J.J.</a> <i>The History of the Mongol Conquests</i>, 2001</li> <li>Ж.Бор <i>Монгол хийгээд евроазийн дипломат шаштир</i> Боть 2, 2003</li> <li>Howorth, H.H. "History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 2. The So-Called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. Division 1"</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid_Al-Din1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani" title="Rashid al-Din Hamadani">Rashid Al-Din</a> (1971). <i>The Successors of Genghis Khan</i>. Translated by John Andrew Boyle. Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Successors+of+Genghis+Khan&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Rashid+Al-Din&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANogai+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Vernadsky, G. "Mongols and Russia", Yale University Press, Dec 1953</li> <li>István Vásáry, <i>Cumans and Tatars</i>, Cambridge University Press 2005</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Horde</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Blue Horde (West)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">White Horde (East)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Batu_Khan" title="Batu Khan">Batu Khan</a> (1242–1256)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sartaq_Khan" title="Sartaq Khan">Sartaq Khan</a> (1256–1257)<br /> <b>Boragchin Khatun</b> (regent) <a href="/wiki/Ulaghchi" title="Ulaghchi">Ulaghchi</a> (1257)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">Berke</a> (1258–1266)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mengu-Timur" title="Mengu-Timur">Mengu-Timur</a> (1266–1280)<br /> </p> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">West</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">East</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tode_Mongke" title="Tode Mongke">Tode Mongke</a> (1280–1287)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Talabuga" title="Talabuga">Talabuga</a> (1287–1291)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Toqta" title="Toqta">Toqta</a> (1291–1299)<br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nogai Khan</a> (1280–1299)<br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Toqta" title="Toqta">Toqta</a> (1299–1312)<br /> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96z_Beg_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Öz Beg Khan">Öz Beg Khan</a> (1313–1341)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tini_Beg" title="Tini Beg">Tini Beg</a> (1341–1342)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Jani_Beg" title="Jani Beg">Jani Beg</a> (1342–1357)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Berdi_Beg" title="Berdi Beg">Berdi Beg</a> (1357–1359)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qulpa" title="Qulpa">Qulpa</a> (1359–1360)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Nawruz_Beg" title="Nawruz Beg">Nawruz Beg</a> (1360–1361)<br /> Khidr (1361)<br /> Timur Khwaja (1361)<br /> </p> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Saray-J%C3%BCk" title="Saray-Jük">Sarai</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p>Abdullah (1362–1370)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Mamai" title="Mamai">Mamai</a></b> (de facto ruler) Muhammad Bolaq (1370–1372)<br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p>Bulat Temir (1362)<br /> Arab-Shah <br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <p>Keldi Beg (1362)<br /> Murad (1362–1364)<br /> Aziz (1365–1367)<br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Urus_Khan" title="Urus Khan">Urus Khan</a> (1372–1374)<br /> </p> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Saray-J%C3%BCk" title="Saray-Jük">Sarai</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mamai" title="Mamai">Mamai</a></b> (de facto ruler) Hajji Cherkes (1374–1375)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Mamai" title="Mamai">Mamai</a></b> (de facto ruler) Muhammad Bolaq (1375)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Mamai" title="Mamai">Mamai</a></b> (de facto ruler) Aybak (1375–1377)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Mamai" title="Mamai">Mamai</a></b> (de facto ruler) Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380)<br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Urus_Khan" title="Urus Khan">Urus Khan</a> (1374–1377)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Temur-Malik_(White_Horde)" title="Temur-Malik (White Horde)">Temur-Malik</a> (1378)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tokhtamysh" title="Tokhtamysh">Tokhtamysh</a> (1378–1381)<br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tokhtamysh" title="Tokhtamysh">Tokhtamysh</a> (1381–1397)<br /> <b>Edigu</b> (co-ruler) <a href="/wiki/Tem%C3%BCr_Qutlugh" title="Temür Qutlugh">Temür Qutlugh</a> (1397–1400)<br /> <b>Edigu</b> (co-ruler) <a href="/wiki/Shadi_Beg" title="Shadi Beg">Shadi Beg</a> (1400–1407)<br /> <b>Edigu</b> (co-ruler) <a href="/wiki/Pulad" title="Pulad">Pulad</a> (1407–1410)<br /> <b>Edigu</b> (co-ruler) Temur Khan (1410–1411)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Khan_ibn_Tokhtamysh" title="Jalal al-Din Khan ibn Tokhtamysh">Jalal al-Din Khan ibn Tokhtamysh</a> (1411–1412) </p> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Saray-J%C3%BCk" title="Saray-Jük">Sarai</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Edigu" title="Edigu">Edigu</a> (1414–1419) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p>Karim Berdi (1412–1414)<br /> Kebek Khan (1414)<br /> Chokra Khan (1414–1417)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Yeremferden" title="Yeremferden">Yeremferden</a> (1417–1419)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Edigu" title="Edigu">Edigu</a></b> (de facto ruler) Dervish Khan (1419)<br /> Qadeer Berdi Khan (1419)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Edigu" title="Edigu">Edigu</a></b> (de facto ruler) Hajji Muhammad Khan (1419)<br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Muhammad" title="Ulugh Muhammad">Ulugh Muhammad</a>, Kepek, and <a href="/wiki/Dawlat_Berdi" title="Dawlat Berdi">Dawlat Berdi</a> (1419–1421)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Barak_Khan" title="Barak Khan">Barak Khan</a> (1422–1428)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Muhammad" title="Ulugh Muhammad">Ulugh Muhammad</a> (1428–1433)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sayid_Ahmad_I" title="Sayid Ahmad I">Sayid Ahmad I</a> (1433–1435)<br /> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCch%C3%BCk_Muhammad" title="Küchük Muhammad">Küchük Muhammad</a> (1435–1459)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_bin_K%C3%BCch%C3%BCk" title="Mahmud bin Küchük">Mahmud bin Küchük</a> (1459–1465)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Khan_bin_K%C3%BCch%C3%BCk" title="Ahmed Khan bin Küchük">Ahmed Khan bin Küchük</a> (1465–1481)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmed" title="Sheikh Ahmed">Sheikh Ahmed</a> (1481–1502)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Orda_Khan" title="Orda Khan">Orda Khan</a> (1226–1251)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qun_Quran" title="Qun Quran">Qun Quran</a> (1251–1280)<br /> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ch%C3%BC" title="Köchü">Köchü</a> (1280–1302)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Bayan_(khan)" title="Bayan (khan)">Bayan</a> (1302–1309)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sasibuqa" title="Sasibuqa">Sasibuqa</a> (1309–1315)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ilbasan" title="Ilbasan">Ilbasan</a> (1315–1320)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Khwaja" title="Mubarak Khwaja">Mubarak Khwaja</a> (1320–1344)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Chimtay" title="Chimtay">Chimtay</a> (1344–1360)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Urus_Khan" title="Urus Khan">Urus Khan</a> (1361–1377)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Toqtaqiya" title="Toqtaqiya">Toqtaqiya</a> (1377)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Temur-Malik_(White_Horde)" title="Temur-Malik (White Horde)">Temur-Malik</a> (1377–1378)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Tokhtamysh" title="Tokhtamysh">Tokhtamysh</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongol_Empire50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_Empire" title="Template:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mongol_Empire" title="Template talk:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongol_Empire50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Terminology50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Terminology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinong" title="Jinong">Jinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khong_Tayiji" title="Khong Tayiji">Khong Tayiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyan" title="Noyan">Noyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkhan" title="Tarkhan">Tarkhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Political</li><li>Military</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarlig" title="Jarlig">Jarlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(route)" title="Yam (route)">Örtöö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orda_(organization)" title="Orda (organization)">Orda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Mongolica" title="Pax Mongolica">Pax Mongolica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassa" title="Yassa">Yassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">Kurultai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiza" title="Paiza">Paiza / Gerege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manghud" title="Manghud">Manghit / Mangudai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen_(unit)" title="Tumen (unit)">Tümen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheshig" title="Kheshig">Kheshig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darughachi" title="Darughachi">Darughachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="PoliticsOrganizationLife50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politics</li><li>Organization</li><li>Life</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_and_vassals_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Political divisions and vassals of the Mongol Empire">Administrative divisions and vassals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_(banner)" title="Tug (banner)">Banner/Bunchuk/Tug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Invasions and conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_under_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Destruction under the Mongol Empire">Destructiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_the_Mongols" title="Imperial Seal of the Mongols">Imperial Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Military of the Mongol Empire">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Religion in the Mongol Empire">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Society of the Mongol Empire">Society and economy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">House of Borjigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%96gedei" title="House of Ögedei">House of Ögedei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Mongol Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Mongol_Alliance" title="Byzantine–Mongol Alliance">Byzantine–Mongol Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Mongol_alliance" title="Franco-Mongol alliance">Franco-Mongol alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles_of_the_Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe">Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">Khanates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%96gedei" title="House of Ögedei">House of Ögedei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wings_of_the_Golden_Horde" title="Wings of the Golden Horde">Wings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarga" title="Avarga">Avarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov" title="Azov">Azov (Azaq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majar_(Golden_Horde)" title="Majar (Golden Horde)">Majar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarshi" title="Qarshi">Qarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarai_(city)" title="Sarai (city)">Sarai Batu/Berke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saray-J%C3%BCk" title="Saray-Jük">Saray-Jük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdu" title="Shangdu">Shangdu (Xanadu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltaniyeh" title="Soltaniyeh">Soltaniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukek" title="Ukek">Ukek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xacitarxan" title="Xacitarxan">Xacitarxan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="CampaignsBattles50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asia61" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_campaigns_in_Siberia" title="Mongol campaigns in Siberia">Siberia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1207-1308)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Sakhalin" title="Mongol invasions of Sakhalin">Sakhalin <span style="font-size:85%;">(1264–1308)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Qara_Khitai" title="Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai <span style="font-size:85%;">(1216–18)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1219–1221)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Persia_and_Mesopotamia" title="Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia">Persia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1219–1256)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests#East_Asia" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Western_Xia" title="Mongol conquest of Western Xia"><span class="wrap">Western Xia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1205 / 1207 / 1209–10 / 1225–27)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Northern China <span style="font-size:85%;">(1211–34)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea" title="Mongol invasions of Korea">Korea <span style="font-size:85%;">(1231–60)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty">Southern China <span style="font-size:85%;">(1235–79)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet" title="Mongol invasions of Tibet"><span class="wrap">Tibet <span style="font-size:85%;">(1236 / 1240 / 1252)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China#Conquest_of_Yunnan" title="Mongol conquest of China">Yunnan <span style="font-size:85%;">(1253–56)</span></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Japan <span style="font-size:85%;">(1274 / 1281)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests#Southeast_Asian_and_Korean_vassals" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma" title="First Mongol invasion of Burma"><span class="wrap">Burma <span style="font-size:85%;">(1277 / 1283 / 1287)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Java" title="Mongol invasion of Java">Java <span style="font-size:85%;">(1293)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam" title="Mongol invasions of Vietnam">Vietnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(1257 / 1284–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma" title="Second Mongol invasion of Burma">Burma <span style="font-size:85%;">(1300–02)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_India" title="Mongol invasions of India">India <span style="font-size:85%;">(1221–1327)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia"><span class="wrap">Georgia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1220–22 / 1226–31 / 1237–64)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Circassia" title="Mongol invasion of Circassia">Circassia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1237–1300s)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Durdzuketi" title="Mongol invasions of Durdzuketi">Chechnya <span style="font-size:85%;">(1237–1300s)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Volga_Bulgaria" title="Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1229–36)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongol_invasion_of_Alania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongol invasion of Alania (page does not exist)">Alania <span style="font-size:85%;">(1238–1239)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus' <span style="font-size:85%;">(1223 / 1236–40)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland and Bohemia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1240–41)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="First Mongol invasion of Hungary">Hungary <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–42)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_incursions_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–42)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Bulgaria_and_Serbia" title="Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia">Serbia and Bulgaria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1242)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Latin_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Latin Empire">Latin Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1242)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania" title="Mongol invasions of Lithuania">Lithuania <span style="font-size:85%;">(1258–59)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland <span style="font-size:85%;">(1259–60)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Byzantine_Thrace" title="Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace">Thrace <span style="font-size:85%;">(1264–65)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="Second Mongol invasion of Hungary">Hungary <span style="font-size:85%;">(1285–86)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland <span style="font-size:85%;">(1287–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Serbia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1291)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Anatolia" title="Mongol conquest of Anatolia">Anatolia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–43)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_campaign_against_the_Nizaris" title="Mongol campaign against the Nizaris">Alamut <span style="font-size:85%;">(1253–1256)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad" title="Siege of Baghdad">Baghdad <span style="font-size:85%;">(1258)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_the_Levant" title="Mongol invasions of the Levant">Syria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260–1323)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_raids_into_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol raids into Palestine">Palestine <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260 / 1301)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Division of the Mongol Empire">Division of the Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluid_Civil_War" title="Toluid Civil War">Toluid Civil War <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260–64)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">Berke–Hulagu war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1262)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidu%E2%80%93Kublai_war" title="Kaidu–Kublai war">Kaidu–Kublai war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1268–1301)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa%E2%80%93Ayurbarwada_war" title="Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war">Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1314–1318)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Great Khans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6regene_Khatun" title="Töregene Khatun">Töregene Khatun <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Khan" title="Güyük Khan">Güyük Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghul_Qaimish" title="Oghul Qaimish">Oghul Qaimish <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Yuan_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Yuan emperors">Khagans of the Yuan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Khans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Khan" title="Batu Khan">Batu Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartaq_Khan" title="Sartaq Khan">Sartaq Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orda_Khan" title="Orda Khan">Orda Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">Berke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toqta" title="Toqta">Toqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zbeg_Khan" title="Özbeg Khan">Özbeg Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulegu_Khan" title="Hulegu Khan">Hulegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subutai" title="Subutai">Subutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebe" title="Jebe">Jebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqali" title="Muqali">Muqali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negudar" title="Negudar">Negudar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27orchu" title="Bo'orchu">Bo'orchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Kan" title="Guo Kan">Guo Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroqul" title="Boroqul">Boroqul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelme" title="Jelme">Jelme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khubilai_Noyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khubilai Noyon (page does not exist)">Khubilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aju" title="Aju">Aju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_of_the_Baarin" title="Bayan of the Baarin">Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadan" title="Kadan">Kadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroldai" title="Boroldai">Boroldai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nogai Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Timeline of the Mongol Empire">Timeline of the Mongol Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379723#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata907" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379723#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata907" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379723#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000401883642">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/296934791">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkCXWYW3CGfwt7j78pkjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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