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class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Early political career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early political career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_PRI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_PRI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Member of the PRI </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_PRI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_PRD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_PRD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Member of the PRD </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_PRD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head_of_Government_of_Mexico_City_(2000–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_of_Government_of_Mexico_City_(2000–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Head of Government of Mexico City (2000–2005) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Head_of_Government_of_Mexico_City_(2000–2005)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Head of Government of Mexico City (2000–2005) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Head_of_Government_of_Mexico_City_(2000–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_agenda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_agenda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Political agenda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_agenda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_Tláhuac_lynching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_Tláhuac_lynching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Response to Tláhuac lynching </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_Tláhuac_lynching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal_of_his_immunity_from_prosecution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_of_his_immunity_from_prosecution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Removal of his immunity from prosecution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_of_his_immunity_from_prosecution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion_at_the_end_of_his_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion_at_the_end_of_his_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Public opinion at the end of his term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion_at_the_end_of_his_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Presidential campaigns </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidential_campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidential campaigns subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidential_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2006_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 2006 presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Election results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-election_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-election_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Post-election protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-election_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Legitimate_presidency"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Legitimate_presidency""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 "Legitimate presidency" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Legitimate_presidency"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3.1 Reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupation_of_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupation_of_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3.2 Occupation of Congress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupation_of_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 2012 presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Political proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1.1 Economic proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1.2 Security policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Proposed cabinet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Election results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_results_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peña_Nieto_vote-buying_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peña_Nieto_vote-buying_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Peña Nieto vote-buying controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peña_Nieto_vote-buying_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_Morena_(2012–2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_Morena_(2012–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Creation of Morena (2012–2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_Morena_(2012–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 2018 presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Juntos_Haremos_Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juntos_Haremos_Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Juntos Haremos Historia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juntos_Haremos_Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confirmation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confirmation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1.2 Confirmation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confirmation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_solidarity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_solidarity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 International solidarity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_solidarity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_Cabinet_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_Cabinet_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 Proposed Cabinet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_Cabinet_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions_during_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions_during_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4 Political positions during campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_positions_during_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.1 Anti-corruption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.2 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.4 Drug War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.5 Economic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NAFTA/USMCA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NAFTA/USMCA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.6 NAFTA/USMCA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NAFTA/USMCA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiscal_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiscal_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.7 Fiscal policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiscal_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.8 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_and_U.S._policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_and_U.S._policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4.9 Immigration and U.S. policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_and_U.S._policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.5 Election results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_results_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_transition_(July–December_2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_transition_(July–December_2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.6 Presidential transition (July–December 2018) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_transition_(July–December_2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(2018–2024)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(2018–2024)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Presidency (2018–2024) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(2018–2024)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidency (2018–2024) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(2018–2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exercise_of_political_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_of_political_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Exercise of political power </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_of_political_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-corruption_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-corruption_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Anti-corruption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-corruption_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Response to the COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime_and_the_drug_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime_and_the_drug_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Crime and the drug war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime_and_the_drug_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_femicide_and_women's_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_femicide_and_women's_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Response to femicide and women's activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_femicide_and_women's_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immigration_and_U.S._pressure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_and_U.S._pressure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8.1 Immigration and U.S. pressure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_and_U.S._pressure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_asylum_of_Evo_Morales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_asylum_of_Evo_Morales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8.2 Political asylum of Evo Morales </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_asylum_of_Evo_Morales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_Donald_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_Donald_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8.3 Views on Donald Trump </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_Donald_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_historical_commemorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_historical_commemorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Plans for historical commemorations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_historical_commemorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_midterm_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_midterm_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.11 2021 midterm elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_midterm_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Awards and honours </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Awards and honours subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_honour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_honour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 National honour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_honour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 International honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_named_after_López_Obrador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_named_after_López_Obrador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Places named after López Obrador </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_named_after_López_Obrador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" > 71 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="أندريس مانويل لوبيس أوبرادور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أندريس مانويل لوبيس أوبرادور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andres_Manuel_Lopes_Obrador" title="Andres Manuel Lopes Obrador – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Andres Manuel Lopes Obrador" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0" title="আন্দ্রেস মানুয়েল লোপেস ওব্রাদোর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্দ্রেস মানুয়েল লোপেস ওব্রাদোর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Андрэс Мануэль Лопес Абрадор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Андрэс Мануэль Лопес Абрадор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Андрес Мануел Лопес Обрадор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андрес Мануел Лопес Обрадор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge, good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB_%CE%9B%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9F%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Αντρές Μανουέλ Λόπες Ομπραδόρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντρές Μανουέλ Λόπες Ομπραδόρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آندرس مانوئل لوپز اوبرادور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آندرس مانوئل لوپز اوبرادور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EB%A1%9C%ED%8E%98%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4" title="안드레스 마누엘 로페스 오브라도르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안드레스 마누엘 로페스 오브라도르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D5%95%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Անդրես Մանուել Լոպես Օբրադոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անդրես Մանուել Լոպես Օբրադոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एंद्रेस मैनुएल लोपेज़ ओब्रादोर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एंद्रेस मैनुएल लोपेज़ ओब्रादोर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אנדרס מנואל לופס אוברדור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנדרס מנואל לופס אוברדור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ანდრეს მანუელ ლოპეს-ობრადორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანდრეს მანუელ ლოპეს-ობრადორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Emmanuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andreas Emmanuel López Obrador – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andreas Emmanuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andress_Manuels_Lopess_Ovradors" title="Andress Manuels Lopess Ovradors – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Andress Manuels Lopess Ovradors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="اندريس مانويل لوبيس اوبرادور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندريس مانويل لوبيس اوبرادور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="आन्द्रेस मानुएल लोपेस ओब्रादोर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आन्द्रेस मानुएल लोपेस ओब्रादोर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="アンドレス・マヌエル・ロペス・オブラドール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドレス・マヌエル・ロペス・オブラドール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andres_Manuel_Lopes_Obrador" title="Andres Manuel Lopes Obrador – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Andres Manuel Lopes Obrador" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Лопес Обрадор, Андрес Мануэль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лопес Обрадор, Андрес Мануэль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B1" title="ئەندرێس مانوێل لۆپێز ئۆبرادۆر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندرێس مانوێل لۆپێز ئۆبرادۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Андрес Мануел Лопез Обрадор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Андрес Мануел Лопез Обрадор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Андрес Мануэль Лопес Обрадор – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Андрес Мануэль Лопес Обрадор" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อันเดรส มานูเอล โลเปซ โอบราดอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันเดรส มานูเอล โลเปซ โอบราดอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Андрес Мануель Лопес Обрадор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андрес Мануель Лопес Обрадор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94" title="洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE" title="奧布拉多爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧布拉多爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94" title="安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q318508#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Mexico from 2018 to 2024</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"AMLO" and "Obrador" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/AMLO_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="AMLO (disambiguation)">AMLO (disambiguation)</a>. For other people with the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Obrador_(surname)" title="Obrador (surname)">Obrador (surname)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is López and the second or maternal family name is Obrador.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:01.10.2024_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_transmiss%C3%A3o_do_Poder_Executivo_Federal_(54036093388)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/01.10.2024_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_transmiss%C3%A3o_do_Poder_Executivo_Federal_%2854036093388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-01.10.2024_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_transmiss%C3%A3o_do_Poder_Executivo_Federal_%2854036093388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/01.10.2024_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_transmiss%C3%A3o_do_Poder_Executivo_Federal_%2854036093388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-01.10.2024_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_transmiss%C3%A3o_do_Poder_Executivo_Federal_%2854036093388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/01.10.2024_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_transmiss%C3%A3o_do_Poder_Executivo_Federal_%2854036093388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-01.10.2024_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_transmiss%C3%A3o_do_Poder_Executivo_Federal_%2854036093388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2135" data-file-height="2866" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">López Obrador in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">65th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 December 2018 – 30 September 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="President pro tempore of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">President pro tempore of CELAC</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 8 January 2020 – 7 January 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeanine_%C3%81%C3%B1ez" title="Jeanine Áñez">Jeanine Áñez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Alberto Fernández</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Regeneration_Movement" title="President of the National Regeneration Movement">President of the National Regeneration Movement</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 20 November 2015 – 12 December 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_Batres" title="Martí Batres">Martí Batres</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yeidckol_Polevnsky" title="Yeidckol Polevnsky">Yeidckol Polevnsky</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Head of Government of Mexico City</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 5 December 2000 – 29 July 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Robles" title="Rosario Robles">Rosario Robles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Encinas_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez">Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Party of the Democratic Revolution</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 2 August 1996 – 10 April 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Porfirio_Mu%C3%B1oz_Ledo" title="Porfirio Muñoz Ledo">Porfirio Muñoz Ledo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_G%C3%B3mez_%C3%81lvarez" title="Pablo Gómez Álvarez">Pablo Gómez Álvarez</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1953-11-13) 13 November 1953 (age 71)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tepetit%C3%A1n,_Tabasco" title="Tepetitán, Tabasco">Tepetitán, Tabasco</a>, Mexico</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a> (2012–2024)<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-Resignation-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a> (1976–1989) <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Party of the Democratic Revolution</a> (1989–2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Rocío Beltrán Medina</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1979; died 2003)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beatriz_Guti%C3%A9rrez_M%C3%BCller" title="Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller">Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2006)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Beltr%C3%A1n" title="Andrés Manuel López Beltrán">Andrés Manuel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manuela_Obrador_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Manuela Obrador Narváez">Manuela Obrador Narváez</a> (cousin)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Licentiate_(degree)" title="Licentiate (degree)">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg/128px-Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg/192px-Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg/256px-Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="395" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lopezobrador.org.mx">lopezobrador.org.mx</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#C0311A; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidente_AMLO_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Presidente_AMLO_2021.jpg/70px-Presidente_AMLO_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Presidente_AMLO_2021.jpg/105px-Presidente_AMLO_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Presidente_AMLO_2021.jpg/140px-Presidente_AMLO_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td> <td style="background:#C0311A; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;">This article is part of a series about <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li>Presidential campaigns</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_Good_of_All" title="Coalition for the Good of All">coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_the_2006_Mexican_general_election" title="Controversies of the 2006 Mexican general election">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Mexican_general_election" title="2012 Mexican general election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juntos_Haremos_Historia" title="Juntos Haremos Historia">coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2018_Mexican_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2018 Mexican general election">opinion polling</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Presidency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_Cabinet" title="Template:Andrés Manuel López Obrador Cabinet">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Transformation" title="Fourth Transformation">Fourth Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Tenure</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banco_del_Bienestar" title="Banco del Bienestar">Banco del Bienestar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interoceanic_Corridor_of_the_Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec" title="Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec">CIIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitioMX" title="LitioMX">LitioMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Salud_para_el_Bienestar" title="Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar">INSABI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tren_Maya" title="Tren Maya">Maya Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Mexico)" title="National Guard (Mexico)">National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_%C3%81ngeles_International_Airport" title="Felipe Ángeles International Airport">Santa Lucía Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Texcoco_Airport" title="Mexico City Texcoco Airport">Texcoco Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum_International_Airport" title="Tulum International Airport">Tulum Airport</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Events</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_migrant_center_fire" title="Ciudad Juárez migrant center fire">Ciudad Juárez migrant center fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Otis" title="Hurricane Otis">Hurricane Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minatitl%C3%A1n_massacre" title="Minatitlán massacre">Minatitlán massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_during_the_presidency_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="List of politicians killed during the presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Politicians killed between 2018 and 2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_during_the_2024_Mexican_elections" title="List of politicians killed during the 2024 Mexican elections">killed during the 2024 elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlahuelilpan_pipeline_explosion" title="Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion">Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Referendums</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Mexican_corruption_trial_referendum" title="2021 Mexican corruption trial referendum">2021</a> (corruption trial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mexican_presidential_recall_referendum" title="2022 Mexican presidential recall referendum">2022</a> (presidential recall)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Family</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatriz_Guti%C3%A9rrez_M%C3%BCller" title="Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller">Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Beltr%C3%A1n" title="Andrés Manuel López Beltrán">Andrés Manuel López Beltrán</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuela_Obrador_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Manuela Obrador Narváez">Manuela Obrador Narváez</a> (cousin)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Related</li></ul> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Abrazos,_no_balazos" title="Abrazos, no balazos">Abrazos, no balazos</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n_es_el_se%C3%B1or_L%C3%B3pez%3F" title="¿Quién es el señor López?">¿Quién es el señor López?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Statue of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Statue in Atlacomulco</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg/120px-Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg/180px-Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg/240px-Signature_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="395" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="525" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_series" title="Template:Andrés Manuel López Obrador series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_series" title="Template talk:Andrés Manuel López Obrador series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andrés Manuel López Obrador series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Andrés Manuel López Obrador (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[anˈdɾes maˈnwel ˈlopes oβɾaˈðoɾ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/65\/Amlo.ogg\/Amlo.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Amlo.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/Amlo.ogg/Amlo.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Amlo.ogg" title="File:Amlo.ogg">ⓘ</a>; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO, is a Mexican politician who served as the 65th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">president of Mexico</a> from 2018 to 2024. He previously served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Head of Government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> from 2000 to 2005. Born in <a href="/wiki/Tepetit%C3%A1n,_Tabasco" title="Tepetitán, Tabasco">Tepetitán</a>, in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Macuspana_Municipality" title="Macuspana Municipality">Macuspana</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> in the south-eastern state of <a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>, López Obrador earned a degree in political science from the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a> following a hiatus from his studies to participate in politics. He began his political career in 1976 as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a> (PRI). His first public position was as director of the Indigenous Institute of Tabasco, where he promoted the addition of books in indigenous languages. In 1989, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Party of the Democratic Revolution</a> (PRD), becoming the party's 1994 candidate for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tabasco" title="Governor of Tabasco">Governor of Tabasco</a> and national leader between 1996 and 1999. In 2000, he was elected Head of Government of Mexico City. During his tenure, his crime, infrastructure, and social spending policies made him a popular figure on the Mexican left.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[4]</a> In 2004, his state immunity from prosecution <a href="/wiki/Desafuero_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Desafuero of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">was removed</a> after he refused to cease construction on land allegedly expropriated by his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Robles" title="Rosario Robles">Rosario Robles</a>. This legal process lasted a year, ending with López Obrador maintaining his right to run for office.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[5]</a> López Obrador was nominated as the presidential candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_Good_of_All" title="Coalition for the Good of All">Coalition for the Good of All</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006 elections</a>, where he was narrowly defeated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> (PAN) candidate <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a>. While the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Electoral_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Electoral Tribunal">Federal Electoral Tribunal</a> noted some irregularities,<a href="#cite_note-:6-7">[6]</a> it denied López Obrador's request for a general recount, which <a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_the_2006_Mexican_general_election" title="Controversies of the 2006 Mexican general election">sparked protests</a> nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-:4-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[8]</a> In 2011, he founded <a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a>, a civil association and later political party. He was a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Movement_(Mexico)" title="Progressive Movement (Mexico)">Progressive Movement</a> coalition in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Mexican_general_election" title="2012 Mexican general election">2012 elections</a>, won by the <a href="/wiki/Commitment_to_Mexico" title="Commitment to Mexico">Commitment to Mexico</a> coalition candidate <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a>. In 2012, he left the PRD after protesting the party's signing of the <a href="/wiki/Pact_for_Mexico" title="Pact for Mexico">Pact for Mexico</a> and joined Morena. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Juntos_Haremos_Historia" title="Juntos Haremos Historia">Juntos Haremos Historia</a> coalition, López Obrador was elected president after a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018 general election</a>. Described as being <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">center-left</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">left-wing populist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> López Obrador has been a national politician for over three decades.<a href="#cite_note-economistPopulist-11">[10]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">his presidency</a>, he has promoted public investment in sectors that had been liberalized under previous administrations and has implemented several progressive social reforms. Supporters have praised him for promoting institutional renewal after decades of high inequality and corruption and refocusing the country's <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> consensus towards improving the state of the working class.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Critics have claimed that he and his administration stumbled in their response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and attempts to deal with <a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel" title="Drug cartel">drug cartels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto8-13">[12]</a> He left office in September 2024, succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a>, and retired from both electoral politics and public life.<a href="#cite_note-Resignation-3">[2]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> Andrés Manuel López Obrador was born in <a href="/wiki/Tepetit%C3%A1n,_Tabasco" title="Tepetitán, Tabasco">Tepetitán</a>, a small village in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Macuspana_Municipality" title="Macuspana Municipality">Macuspana</a>, in the southern state of <a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>, on 13 November 1953.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> He is the firstborn son of Andrés López Ramón (son of Lorenzo López and Beatriz Ramón) and Manuela Obrador González, Tabasco and <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>-based merchants.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> His younger siblings include José Ramón, José Ramiro, Pedro Arturo, Pío Lorenzo, and twins Candelaria Beatriz and Martín Jesús.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> His maternal grandfather José Obrador Revuelta was a <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_people" title="Cantabrian people">Cantabrian</a> who arrived as an exile in Mexico from <a href="/wiki/Ampuero" title="Ampuero">Ampuero</a>, Spain, while his maternal grandmother Úrsula González was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Asturians" title="Asturians">Asturians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Through his paternal grandparents, López Obrador is also of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">Indigenous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afro-Mexicans" title="Afro-Mexicans">African</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> López Obrador attended the only elementary school in town, the Marcos E. Becerra school, managed by the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> and named after the Mexican poet of <a href="/wiki/Marcos_E._Becerra" title="Marcos E. Becerra">the same name</a>. During afternoons, he helped his parents at the La Posadita store. López Obrador began middle school in <a href="/wiki/Macuspana" title="Macuspana">Macuspana</a> but finished it in the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Villahermosa" title="Villahermosa">Villahermosa</a>, where his family moved in the mid-1960s and opened a clothes and shoe store called Novedades Andrés. On 8 June 1969, when he was 15 years old, his brother José Ramón López Obrador died from a gunshot to the head. According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Zepeda_Patterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Zepeda Patterson (page does not exist)">Jorge Zepeda Patterson's</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Zepeda_Patterson" class="extiw" title="es:Jorge Zepeda Patterson">es</a>] Los Suspirantes 2018, José Ramón found a pistol, played with it, and it slipped out of his hands, firing a bullet into his head.<a href="#cite_note-auto7-22">[21]</a> The Tabasco newspapers Rumbo Nuevo, Diario de Tabasco, and Diario Presente presented a story where they were both playing around with the pistol and that Andrés Manuel fired it by accident.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> According to Zepeda Patterson, Andrés Manuel became "taciturn, much more thoughtful" following the incident.<a href="#cite_note-auto7-22">[21]</a> López Obrador finished high school and, at age 19, went to <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> to study at the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a> (UNAM).<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> He studied political science and public administration at the UNAM from 1973 to 1976. He returned to school to complete his education after having held several positions within the government of Tabasco and the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a> (PRI). In 1987, he received a degree in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> and public administration after the presentation of his thesis, Proceso de formación del Estado Nacional en México 1821-1867 (Formation Process of the National State in Mexico 1821–1867).<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-tesis-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vocación_de_resistencia-28">[27]</a> He lived in the Casa del Estudiante Tabasco during his college years on Violeta Street in the <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Guerrero" title="Colonia Guerrero">Guerrero neighborhood</a> of Mexico City. The institution was financed by the administration of Tabasco governor <a href="/wiki/Mario_Trujillo_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Mario Trujillo García">Mario Trujillo García</a> through efforts of the poet <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Pellicer" title="Carlos Pellicer">Carlos Pellicer</a>, with whom López Obrador began discussing. There was empathy between the two because the young man raised his concern for the <a href="/wiki/Chontal_Maya" title="Chontal Maya">Chontal Maya</a>. After the meeting, the poet invited him to his senate campaign during the <a href="/wiki/1976_Mexican_general_election" title="1976 Mexican general election">1976 elections</a>. His university professor, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Pedrero" title="Enrique González Pedrero">Enrique González Pedrero</a>, was another figure that influenced López Obrador's political trajectory.<a href="#cite_note-Vocación_de_resistencia-28">[27]</a> After attending school from 1973 to 1976, he returned to his native Tabasco, where he held various government positions and was a professor at the <a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_Autonomous_University_of_Tabasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco">Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> During his early career, he met Rocío Beltrán Medina, a sociology student, who suggested López Obrador embrace the progressive wing of the PRI.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> They eventually married on 8 April 1978.<a href="#cite_note-unam.mx-30">[29]</a> They had three sons: José Ramón López Beltrán (born 1981), <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Beltr%C3%A1n" title="Andrés Manuel López Beltrán">Andrés Manuel López Beltrán</a> (born 1986), and Gonzalo Alfonso López Beltrán (born 1991).<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Beltrán Medina died on 12 January 2003 due to respiratory arrest caused by <a href="/wiki/Lupus" title="Lupus">lupus</a>, which she had suffered for several years.<a href="#cite_note-unam.mx-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> On 16 October 2006, he married <a href="/wiki/Beatriz_Guti%C3%A9rrez_M%C3%BCller" title="Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller">Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller</a>, who had worked in the Mexico City government during his tenure as <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Head of Government of Mexico City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Together they have one son, Jesús Ernesto López Gutiérrez (born 2007).<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> During his first presidential run, some news reports identified López Obrador as a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>; in a television interview, he self-identified as <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> In March 2018, he declared, "When I am asked what religion I adhere to, I say that I am a <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, in the broadest sense of the word, because Christ is love and justice is love."<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> López Obrador has held a variety of nicknames throughout his life, including El Molido, El Americano (The American), La Piedra (The Rock), El Comandante (The Commander), and the most popular among them is El Peje, named after the common Tabasco fish, the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_gar" title="Tropical gar">pejelagarto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> A baseball fan, his favorite sports team is the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> López Obrador was named one of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> On 24 January 2021, he announced that he had tested positive for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_PRI">Member of the PRI</h3></div> He joined the PRI in 1976 to support <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Pellicer" title="Carlos Pellicer">Carlos Pellicer</a>'s campaign for a Senate seat for Tabasco.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> A year later, he headed the Indigenous People's Institute of Tabasco. In 1984, he relocated to Mexico City to work at the National Consumers' Institute, a federal government agency.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_PRD">Member of the PRD</h3></div> López Obrador resigned from his position with the government of Tabasco in 1988 to join the new dissenting left wing of the PRI, then called the Democratic Current, led by <a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas">Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas</a>. This movement formed the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_(Mexico)" title="National Democratic Front (Mexico)">National Democratic Front</a> and later became the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Party of the Democratic Revolution</a> (PRD).<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In 1994, he ran for the governorship of Tabasco but lost to PRI candidate <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Madrazo" title="Roberto Madrazo">Roberto Madrazo</a>. López Obrador gained national exposure as an advocate for the rights of indigenous people when, in 1996, he appeared on national TV drenched in blood following confrontations with police for blocking <a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a> oil wells to defend the rights of local indigenous people impacted by pollution.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> He was president of the PRD from 2 August 1996 to 10 April 1999.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Head_of_Government_of_Mexico_City_(2000–2005)">Head of Government of Mexico City (2000–2005)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3></div> On 2 July 2000, he was elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Head of Government of the Federal District</a>, a position akin to that of city mayor for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal District (Mexico)">national capital district</a>, with 38.3% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_agenda">Political agenda</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fox_Lopez_Obrador_Montiel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fox_Lopez_Obrador_Montiel.jpg/220px-Fox_Lopez_Obrador_Montiel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fox_Lopez_Obrador_Montiel.jpg/330px-Fox_Lopez_Obrador_Montiel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fox_Lopez_Obrador_Montiel.jpg/440px-Fox_Lopez_Obrador_Montiel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador (center) with President <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a> (left) and México State governor <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Montiel" title="Arturo Montiel">Arturo Montiel</a> (right) in June 2003</figcaption></figure> As mayor, López Obrador implemented various social programs that included extending financial assistance to help vulnerable groups in Mexico City,<a href="#cite_note-auto8-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> including single mothers, senior citizens, and the physically and mentally challenged. He invested in housing and schools, created old-age pensions, and expanded services.<a href="#cite_note-tbr0603-49">[48]</a> He also helped found the first new university in Mexico City in three decades, the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Aut%C3%B3noma_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México">Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> López Obrador hired former <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City mayor">New York City mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> to craft a zero-tolerance policy that would help reduce crime in Mexico City.<a href="#cite_note-tbr0603-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[4]</a> He directed the restoration and modernization of <a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Mexico_City" title="Historic center of Mexico City">Mexico City's historic downtown</a>, which has 16th- and 17th-century buildings and many tourist spaces. He led a joint venture with billionaire businessman <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Slim_Hel%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Slim Helú">Carlos Slim Helú</a>, a native of downtown Mexico City, to <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">expropriate</a>, restore, rebuild, and <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrify</a> large parts of the area, creating shopping and residential areas for middle- and upper-income residents.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> López Obrador used <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy" title="Fiscal policy">fiscal policy</a> to encourage private sector investment in housing.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> He granted construction firms tax breaks and liberalized zoning regulations, leading to the construction of more condominiums and office buildings during his tenure than during any other period in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico_City" title="History of Mexico City">Mexico City's history</a>. New high-density condos emerged in the upscale neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Polanco,_Mexico_City" title="Polanco, Mexico City">Polanco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lomas_de_Chapultepec" title="Lomas de Chapultepec">Lomas de Chapultepec</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> To improve traffic flow on the city's two main inner-city roads, Periférico and Viaducto, he added sections of second stories to the <a href="/wiki/Anillo_Perif%C3%A9rico" title="Anillo Periférico">Anillo Periférico</a>. He renovated about 10% of those roads. The <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Metrob%C3%BAs" title="Mexico City Metrobús">Metrobús</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">express bus service</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a> model, was built down <a href="/wiki/Avenida_de_los_Insurgentes" title="Avenida de los Insurgentes">Avenida Insurgentes</a>, cutting through the city some 20 km from north to south.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_to_Tláhuac_lynching">Response to Tláhuac lynching</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2004_Tl%C3%A1huac_lynching" title="2004 Tláhuac lynching">2004 Tláhuac lynching</a></div> López Obrador's popularity diminished after the <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a> of two federal law-enforcement officers performing an undercover investigation in <a href="/wiki/Tl%C3%A1huac" title="Tláhuac">Tláhuac</a> in November 2004.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The Mexico City Police rescued one agent,<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> but the city's chief of police, <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a>, and federal <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Public_Security" title="Secretariat of Public Security">Secretary of Public Safety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mart%C3%ADn_Huerta" title="Ramón Martín Huerta">Ramón Martín Huerta</a>, were both accused of not organizing a timely rescue effort. López Obrador's secretary of government, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Encinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Alejandro Encinas">Alejandro Encinas</a>, was criticized for declaring that the lynching should be understood as stemming from <a href="/wiki/Usos_y_costumbres" title="Usos y costumbres">indigenous customary law</a> (usos y costumbres).<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> After a thorough investigation, López Obrador gave Ebrard a vote of confidence, despite a request from President <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox_Quesada" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Fox Quesada">Vicente Fox Quesada</a> for him to be relieved of duty. Later, using his constitutional powers, Fox fired Ebrard. At the same time, Martín Huerta, a member of Fox's cabinet, received a reprimand and continued to hold office as Secretary of Public Safety until he died in a helicopter accident.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> López Obrador later appointed Ebrard as <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Social_Development_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Social Development (Mexico)">Secretary of Social Development</a> and supported his candidacy in the PRD primaries to run for office as <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_Federal_District_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Mexican Federal District election">Head of Government of the Federal District in 2006</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_of_his_immunity_from_prosecution">Removal of his immunity from prosecution</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Desafuero_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Desafuero of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Desafuero of Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andres_manuel_lopez_obrador_oct05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Andres_manuel_lopez_obrador_oct05.jpg/220px-Andres_manuel_lopez_obrador_oct05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Andres_manuel_lopez_obrador_oct05.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador during a speech in October 2005</figcaption></figure> Elected government officials in Mexico have an official <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">immunity</a> called <a href="/wiki/Fuero" title="Fuero">fuero</a> that prevents criminal charges from being brought against them, which can be removed through <a href="/wiki/Desafuero" title="Desafuero">desafuero</a>. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General (Mexico)">Attorney General</a>'s Office asked Congress to strip López Obrador of his immunity under charges of a <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanor</a> (ignoring a court order). The misdemeanor against López Obrador was his refusal to order the cessation of the construction of a private hospital on land expropriated by <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Robles" title="Rosario Robles">Rosario Robles</a> (who preceded López Obrador as <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Head of Government of the Federal District</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo" title="Ernesto Zedillo">Ernesto Zedillo</a> government).<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Under federal law, any person with criminal charges during the electoral process would not be eligible to run in a presidential election. A legal process begun in 2004 would likely have continued during the presidential campaigns of 2006, ending López Obrador's presidential run. Although his political opponents argued he should be subject to the same judicial process as anyone else, newspaper editorials throughout the world charged that the desafuero was politically motivated (including <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>),<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> that it undermined Mexican democracy, and that López Obrador's exclusion from the upcoming elections would delegitimize the eventual winner. After Congress voted to remove López Obrador's immunity, he asked for leave from his post for a few days. President <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a>, wanting to avoid a political crisis and knowing that the decision made by Congress was widely unpopular,<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[5]</a> appeared on national television in April 2005, stating that the issue would not be pursued further. The controversy closed on a technicality, and López Obrador, despite the removal of immunity, was not prosecuted and thus remained eligible to participate in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006 presidential election</a>. Weeks later, Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Macedo_de_la_Concha" title="Rafael Macedo de la Concha">Rafael Macedo de la Concha</a> resigned.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_opinion_at_the_end_of_his_term">Public opinion at the end of his term</h3></div> As Head of Government of the Federal District, López Obrador became one of the country's most recognizable politicians. He left office with an 84% approval rating, according to an opinion poll by Consulta Mitofsky.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> According to an article by <a href="/wiki/Reforma_(newspaper)" title="Reforma (newspaper)">Reforma newspaper</a>, he kept 80% of the promises he made as a candidate.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_campaigns">Presidential campaigns</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_presidential_election">2006 presidential election</h3></div> In September 2005, the PRD nominated López Obrador as presidential pre-candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006 general election</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas">Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas</a> declined to participate in the internal elections when polls showed López Obrador as the clear favorite.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Until March 2006, polls showed him as the presidential frontrunner; however, his numbers had declined by late April.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> An article published by <a href="/wiki/La_Cr%C3%B3nica_de_Hoy" title="La Crónica de Hoy">La Crónica de Hoy</a> in March 2006 said that Mexican <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Circles" title="Bolivarian Circles">Bolivarian Circles</a> and students, allegedly assisted by Venezuelan agents, distributed "<a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_propaganda" title="Bolivarian propaganda">Bolivarian propaganda</a> in favor of Andrés Manuel López Obrador" throughout cities in Mexico and that such groups were given "economic support, logistics advice and ideological instruction" from the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> government.<a href="#cite_note-LCH7march2006-71">[70]</a> Some left-wing politicians and analysts criticized López Obrador for including in his close staff many former members of the PRI who fought against his party in the 1980s and 1990s,<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Arturo_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Arturo Núñez Jiménez">Arturo Núñez</a> (one of the authors of <a href="/wiki/Fobaproa" title="Fobaproa">Fobaproa contingency fund</a>),<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Camacho_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Manuel Camacho Solís">Manuel Camacho Solís</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a>. The guerrilla leader of the <a href="/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation" title="Zapatista Army of National Liberation">Zapatista Army of National Liberation</a> (EZLN), <a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Subcomandante Marcos</a>, said López Obrador was a false left-wing candidate, arguing that he was a centrist candidate. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas did not participate in campaign events but stated that he would still vote for his party, the PRD.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> López Obrador's proposals, including his 50 commitments, produced mixed opinions from analysts. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> wrote that López Obrador used U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> as inspiration for his proposals.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> On 19 May, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Madrazo" title="Roberto Madrazo">Roberto Madrazo</a>, the PRI's presidential candidate, hinted at the possibility of an alliance with López Obrador to prevent <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> (PAN) candidate <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a> from winning the election after both parties criticized president Vicente Fox for what they saw as illegal support by the federal government for Calderón.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> A PRD spokesperson said both parties entered an information-sharing agreement regarding the issue.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> This, combined with calls from high-ranking PRI member <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bartlett" title="Manuel Bartlett">Manuel Bartlett</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Interior" title="Secretariat of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1988_Mexican_general_election" title="1988 Mexican general election">1988 presidential election</a> fraud) to vote for López Obrador,<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> aroused media speculation that the PRI and the PRD would ally. On 28 May, after López Obrador discounted any such alliance because the PRI and PRD political tendencies could not be reconciled,<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Roberto Madrazo indicated that his comments were misunderstood and that he would not step down or endorse any other candidate.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> In 2006, the Spanish newspaper <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> criticized López Obrador for what it characterized as "extreme" verbal insults toward Mexican government institutions and President <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Election_results">Election results</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election#Results" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006 Mexican general election § Results</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006_Mexican_elections_-_President.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2006_Mexican_elections_-_President.png/220px-2006_Mexican_elections_-_President.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2006_Mexican_elections_-_President.png/330px-2006_Mexican_elections_-_President.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2006_Mexican_elections_-_President.png/440px-2006_Mexican_elections_-_President.png 2x" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>According to the official count, López Obrador held an advantage over Calderón right until 97.50% of the polling stations were counted, after which Calderón overtook the first place by a difference of less than 1% of the votes</figcaption></figure> On 6 July 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Electoral_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Electoral Institute">Federal Electoral Institute</a> (IFE) announced the final vote count in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006 presidential election</a>, resulting in a narrow margin of 0.56 percentage points (243,934 votes) of victory for his opponent, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a>. López Obrador appealed the results, claiming widespread irregularities, and demanded an election recount.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> (A generalized recount is only to be carried in extreme circumstances, according to Mexican Electoral Tribunal Jurisprudence S3ELJ14-2004.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a>) On 8 July 2006, López Obrador called for nationwide protests to ask for a national recount, stating "the government would be responsible for any flare-up of anger after officials rejected his demand for a manual recount of Sunday's extremely close vote."<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> However, on 5 September 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Electoral_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Electoral Tribunal">Federal Electoral Tribunal</a> (TEPJF) ruled that the election was fair and that Calderón was the winner and would become president.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption>Summary of 2 July 2006 Mexican presidential <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">election results</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="2">Candidates </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Party </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Alliance </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Votes </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">None </td> <td>15,000,284 </td> <td>35.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFE153;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Andrés Manuel López Obrador </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Party of the Democratic Revolution</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_Good_of_All" title="Coalition for the Good of All">Coalición Por el Bien de Todos</a> </td> <td>14,756,350 </td> <td>35.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#CC0000;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Madrazo" title="Roberto Madrazo">Roberto Madrazo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alianza_Por_M%C3%A9xico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alianza Por México (page does not exist)">Alianza Por México</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alianza_por_M%C3%A9xico_(2006)" class="extiw" title="es:Alianza por México (2006)">es</a>] </td> <td>9,301,441 </td> <td>22.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF3300;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Mercado" title="Patricia Mercado">Patricia Mercado</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Mexico)" title="Social Democratic Party (Mexico)">Social Democratic and Peasant Alternative Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">None </td> <td>1,128,850 </td> <td>2.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#2DBBEA;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Campa_Cifri%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberto Campa Cifrián">Roberto Campa Cifrián</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">New Alliance Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">None </td> <td>401,804 </td> <td>0.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Write in </td> <td>297,989 </td> <td>0.71% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Blank/Invalid </td> <td>904,604 </td> <td>2.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9">Total </td> <td width="75" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9">41,791,322 </td> <td width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9">100.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="6">Source: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Federal_Electoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Federal Electoral">Instituto Federal Electoral</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ife.org.mx/documentos/Estadisticas2006/presidente/nac.html">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109163113/http://www.ife.org.mx/documentos/Estadisticas2006/presidente/nac.html">Archived</a> 9 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In contesting the election, López Obrador and his coalition made several arguments: (a) that President Fox, the Consejo Coordinador Empresarial (CCE), a business interest group, and other organizations had illegally interfered in the presidential campaign, which is strictly prohibited by electoral law,<a href="#cite_note-:4-8">[7]</a> thereby providing grounds for election annulment; that (b) that votes were fraudulently tallied on 2 July and afterward; and that (c) there was widespread and significant evidence of electoral irregularities, ranging from stuffed ballot boxes and inconsistent tally reports to improper and illegal handling of the ballot trail and voter intimidation.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The Court did find that President Fox and the CCE had interfered in the elections by campaigning for Felipe Calderón, which is against electoral laws.<a href="#cite_note-:6-7">[6]</a> The Court ruled that both interferences could not be considered a sufficient judicial cause to annul the election. In response to fraud allegations, the Court stated there was insufficient evidence to annul the election.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> López Obrador and his coalition had alleged irregularities in many polling stations and requested a national recount. Ultimately, the TEPJF, in a unanimous vote, ordered a recount of about 9% of the polling stations.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> The Supreme Court later ruled that the evidence presented did not demonstrate the occurrence of sufficient irregularities to change the election outcome. In response to this result, in a move reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Francisco I. Madero</a> declaring himself provisional President of Mexico after calling the 1910 elections against <a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a> fraudulent, López Obrador's followers proclaimed him the Presidente Legitimo (Legitimate President), inaugurated him in a ceremony in the Zócalo and called for the creation of an alternative, parallel government.<a href="#cite_note-:0-92">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-election_protests">Post-election protests</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_the_2006_Mexican_general_election" title="Controversies of the 2006 Mexican general election">Controversies of the 2006 Mexican general election</a></div> López Obrador announced his victory to his supporters on the night of the election, stating that exit polls declared he had won by 500,000 votes. He did not cite any polls at the time<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> and later referenced Covarrubias<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> and IMO.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> Several days later, the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_Electoral" title="Instituto Nacional Electoral">Federal Electoral Institute</a> (IFE) published its final tally, which had him down by a margin of 0.58%, or approximately 243,000 votes. López Obrador then initiated legal actions, claiming election irregularities in 54% of polling stations, and demanded a "vote by vote" recount in all polling stations. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Electoral_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Electoral Tribunal">Federal Electoral Tribunal</a> (TEPJF) discussed the case and eventually dismissed it.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[8]</a> The IFE called for the candidates to refrain from proclaiming themselves as the winner, president-elect, or president until the final resolution. Both candidates disobeyed this call. In an interview with U.S. Spanish-language TV network <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a>, López Obrador referred to himself as "President of Mexico".<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> López Obrador held several gatherings in downtown Mexico City, with hundreds of thousands attending. On 31 July, as an act of civil disobedience, he organized a blockade of 12 kilometers of <a href="/wiki/Paseo_de_la_Reforma" title="Paseo de la Reforma">Paseo de la Reforma</a>, one of the city's most important roads, which houses several hotels, corporate headquarters, and the <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Stock_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico City Stock Market">Mexico City Stock Market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> Business groups said the blockades cost Mexico City businesses in the area millions of pesos in losses.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> On 5 August, the TEPJF met in a public session to decide the outcome of the complaints the PRD and its coalition partners had filed. The seven magistrates voted unanimously to order a recount of 11,839 ballot boxes in 155 districts (9.2% of the total) despite López Obrador's public demand for a total recount.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> The TEPJF based its decision for a partial recount on its finding that, despite publicly demanding a vote-by-vote general recount, López Obrador's party filed legal challenges for 71,000 polling stations (54%). Therefore, by law, the TEPJF found it could order a recount of only those 71,000 polling stations contested. The TEPJF ruled it could not order a recount of the votes not in controversy because "the certainty asked by the [López Obrador] Coalition is tied to the respect for the tallies certified by the citizens in the polling stations, not in controversy."<a href="#cite_note-:7-101">[100]</a> The TEPJF did certify that principles of certainty were grounds for a recount in some stations since there was evidence of possible irregularities.<a href="#cite_note-:7-101">[100]</a> López Obrador rejected the resolution as too narrow, and he and his followers intensified their civil resistance. For about two hours on 9 August, protesters took over the tollbooths on four federal highways linking Mexico City to <a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro" title="Querétaro">Querétaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a>. The protesters prevented personnel from charging tolls on some roads and allowed vehicles to pass freely. Also, hundreds of López Obrador supporters surrounded four of the main offices of foreign banks, including <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banamex" class="mw-redirect" title="Banamex">Banamex</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBVA" class="mw-redirect" title="BBVA">BBVA</a>, and the Mexican subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, closing them for about four hours, claiming that foreign banks "ransack the country" and "widen the barrier between rich and poor" alleging banks had become involved in Mexican politics by supporting Calderón.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> On 8 August, López Obrador sent a message to the press regarding the blockades, where he explained his reasons for continuing the "peaceful civil resistance".<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> López Obrador held a rally called "National Democratic Convention" on 16 September, <a href="/wiki/Diecis%C3%A9is_de_septiembre" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieciséis de septiembre">Independence Day</a>, when a military parade was scheduled. The convention started after the military parade.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> Claiming he country's institutions to be colluded, López Obrador said that they "no longer work" and called for creating new ones.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> López Obrador led a rally on the day of the State of the Union speech, where sympathizers prevented President Vicente Fox from delivering a speech inside the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Legislative Palace of San Lázaro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> They claimed that the President "had created a police state" in the area around Congress. They interpreted it as an unconstitutional act that made it impossible for Congress to be called into session.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> López Obrador told his followers not to be lured into violent confrontations with the police, declaring, "We aren't going to fall into any trap. We aren't going to be provoked." He urged his followers to remain in the Zócalo instead of marching to the Legislative Palace.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> According to a poll published on 1 December 2006 in <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)"> El Universal</a>, 42% thought that Calderón's victory was fraudulent, and 46% thought it was not.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Legitimate_presidency"">"Legitimate presidency"</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMLO_Presidencia_legitima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/AMLO_Presidencia_legitima.jpg/220px-AMLO_Presidencia_legitima.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/AMLO_Presidencia_legitima.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador being proclaimed "Legitimate President of Mexico" by his supporters in November 2006<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-111">[110]</a></figcaption></figure> On 20 November 2006, during the federal holiday commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>, López Obrador's sympathizers proclaimed him the "Legitimate President" at a rally in the Zócalo in Mexico City.<a href="#cite_note-:0-92">[91]</a> The action was planned in another rally, the "National Democratic Convention", in which supporters gave him the title. López Obrador called for the establishment of a parallel government and shadow cabinet at the convention.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> After supporters proclaimed him as the "Legitimate President of Mexico",<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-111">[110]</a> López Obrador created a "Cabinet of Denunciation" to protest actions made by President <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> In his speech at the proclamation ceremony, López Obrador promised to "procure the happiness of the people"<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> and announced twenty "actions of government", such as fostering a process for renewal of public institutions and defending the right to information and demanding openness of communication media.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> Days later, López Obrador announced that he would earn a salary of 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">pesos</a> (US$2,500) a month, provided by donations.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reactions">Reactions</h5></div> Reactions to the "legitimate presidency" varied widely. An opinion by <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> said that López Obrador's "lack of consideration for democratic institutions and the rule of law seriously endanger civil peace in Mexico."<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> After speculation on whether or not López Obrador's self-proclamation was against the law, the PRI stated that this political action was not a crime.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> Liébano Sáenz, chief of staff of former President <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo" title="Ernesto Zedillo">Ernesto Zedillo</a>, said López Obrador "will become the conscience of the nation, which will do much good for Mexican democracy."<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Vera_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Raúl Vera López">José Raúl Vera López</a>, the Roman Catholic bishop of <a href="/wiki/Saltillo,_Coahuila" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltillo, Coahuila">Saltillo, Coahuila</a>, declared that the so-called "legitimate presidency" was a result of the "profound discontent with how the country has been run" and that López Obrador had "very deep moral backing".<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> A poll by <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Reforma" title="Grupo Reforma">Grupo Reforma</a> indicated that 56% of Mexicans disapproved of López Obrador taking the title, while only 19% approved. Sixty-three percent of those polled said the former candidate had lost credibility. Other responses in the poll included 82% describing the political atmosphere in Mexico as "tense", 45% of those polled blamed it on the PRD, 20% blamed it on the PAN, and 25% blamed both parties. The poll was a telephone survey of 850 adults on 18 November with 95% <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> of +/-3.4% <a href="/wiki/Margin_of_error" title="Margin of error">margin of error</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> In the first few months of his term, President Calderón announced initiatives that mirrored López Obrador's initiatives. These included <a href="/wiki/Incomes_policy" title="Incomes policy">price ceilings</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tortillas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tortillas">tortillas</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Tortilla_Price_Stabilization_Pact" title="Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact">Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact</a>, that protected small corn producers,<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> reductions to the president and cabinet minister salaries, and the proposal for a constitutional amendment that, if passed, would have lowered wages for public servants and impose caps on their remuneration.<a href="#cite_note-cpcomgs-123">[122]</a> Some interpreted this measures as "seeking to fulfill a campaign promise to incorporate the agenda of election rival Andrés Manuel López Obrador into his government."<a href="#cite_note-cpcomgs-123">[122]</a> Others saw them as intending to undercut the opposition government.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Occupation_of_Congress">Occupation of Congress</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Costureros_y_Costureras_22_de_septiembre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Costureros_y_Costureras_22_de_septiembre.jpg/220px-Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Costureros_y_Costureras_22_de_septiembre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Costureros_y_Costureras_22_de_septiembre.jpg/330px-Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Costureros_y_Costureras_22_de_septiembre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Costureros_y_Costureras_22_de_septiembre.jpg/440px-Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Costureros_y_Costureras_22_de_septiembre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Vera_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Raúl Vera López">Raúl Vera López</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a>, declared that López Obrador's so-called "legitimate presidency" is the result of "deep discontent with the way the country has been run," and that Obrador had "very deep moral backing"<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></figcaption></figure> Congress was also taken by legislators of the <a href="/wiki/Broad_Progressive_Front" title="Broad Progressive Front">Broad Progressive Front</a> (FAP), the PRD, <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)">Labor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Movement_(Mexico)" title="Citizens' Movement (Mexico)">Convergence</a> parties on 10 April 2008 because they disagreed with the Government regarding energy policy discussions, claiming they were unconstitutional. López Obrador's followers, using chairs and tables and barricades, took both chambers of Congress and had them chained, thus avoiding the passage of secondary laws which modified the legal framework of the Mexican state-owned oil company, <a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> López Obrador and his followers opposed these laws and viewed them as leading to the de facto privatization of the company.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> López Obrador requested a four-month debate on energy policies instead of the 50-day one presented by the PAN, PRI, <a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_of_Mexico" title="Ecologist Green Party of Mexico">Green Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">New Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_presidential_election">2012 presidential election</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMLO_en_su_cierre_de_campa%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AMLO_en_su_cierre_de_campa%C3%B1a.jpg/220px-AMLO_en_su_cierre_de_campa%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AMLO_en_su_cierre_de_campa%C3%B1a.jpg/330px-AMLO_en_su_cierre_de_campa%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AMLO_en_su_cierre_de_campa%C3%B1a.jpg/440px-AMLO_en_su_cierre_de_campa%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4072" data-file-height="2705" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador at <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%B3calo" title="Zócalo">Zócalo</a> in 2012</figcaption></figure> López Obrador ran again as the PRD, <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)">Labor Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Movement_(Mexico)" title="Citizens' Movement (Mexico)">Citizens' Movement</a> candidate under the coalition <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Movement_(Mexico)" title="Progressive Movement (Mexico)">Movimiento Progresista</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Mexican_general_election" title="2012 Mexican general election">2012 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_proposals">Political proposals</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Economic_proposals">Economic proposals</h5></div> In November 2011, López Obrador announced some of his economic proposals:<a href="#cite_note-CNNProm6-130">[129]</a> <ul><li>Job creation: A sustained 6% growth rate to generate the new 1.2 million jobs needed each year.</li> <li>Austerity: Reducing salaries of government officials and unnecessary spending, saving around US$30 billion a year.</li> <li>Progressive fiscal reforms: López Obrador said the people who make less should pay a smaller percentage of taxes than those who make more money.</li> <li>No new taxes or increases on existing taxes: López Obrador plans to focus on ending fiscal privileges.</li> <li>Competition: End monopolies; any private citizen who wants to participate in media, television, and telephony should be able to.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Security_policy">Security policy</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Mexican Drug War</a></div> López Obrador had been a firm critic of Felipe Calderón's crime strategy and promised to reduce military presence on the streets, offering reparations to victims of the Mexican Drug War and emphasizing the protection of human rights in the country.<a href="#cite_note-wilson-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> López Obrador proposed a single police command that would gradually assume the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Mexican Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a>, as well as a single intelligence agency to tackle the financial networks of criminal organizations.<a href="#cite_note-wilson-131">[130]</a> The new police force would promote "civic and moral values". He promised to increase the salaries and benefits given to law enforcement officials throughout Mexico. His security strategy comprised ten proposals, but all of them had the main theme: organized crime cannot be tackled if the government is responsible for the erosion of human rights.<a href="#cite_note-wilson-131">[130]</a> He also stated that if elected, he would reject any intelligence activity from the United States, including money and weapons in aid. This policy would stop the operations in Mexico of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a>, including the use of drones.<a href="#cite_note-wilson-131">[130]</a> But it could also discourage U.S. aid to Mexico (US$1.6 billion since 2008). The proposal intended to appeal to discontent over U.S. actions in "<a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal" title="ATF gunwalking scandal">Operation Fast and Furious</a>", where <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a> agents were involved in a gun-walking scandal.<a href="#cite_note-wilson-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> López Obrador promised to reactivate the economy and social growth, so more people could have access to a "better life" without joining cartels and abandoning the rule of law.<a href="#cite_note-speech-134">[133]</a> He also pledged to improve the education system and create more jobs before the criminal groups can recruit them.<a href="#cite_note-speech-134">[133]</a> He also spoke of taming corruption, impunity, drug consumption, addiction, and elite privileges.<a href="#cite_note-speech-134">[133]</a> The security Cabinet he proposed would work directly with the municipal and state forces in a unified command.<a href="#cite_note-speech-134">[133]</a> López Obrador summed up his security policy as "<a href="/wiki/Abrazos,_no_balazos" title="Abrazos, no balazos">Abrazos, no balazos</a>" (Hugs, not bullets).<a href="#cite_note-cnnwar-135">[134]</a> At the start of his campaign, he said he would remove Mexican Army personnel from the streets. Still, in May 2012, it stated that the military would continue to operate until Mexico had a "trained, skilled and moralized police force."<a href="#cite_note-cnnwar-135">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proposed_cabinet">Proposed cabinet</h4></div> López Obrador announced a tentative cabinet. Among them were:<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a> as Secretary of the Interior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_la_O" title="Rogelio Ramírez de la O">Rogelio Ramírez de la O</a> as Secretary of the Treasury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_de_la_Fuente" title="Juan Ramón de la Fuente">Juan Ramón de la Fuente</a> as Secretary of Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum_Pardo" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo">Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo</a> as Secretary of the Environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Jim%C3%A9nez_Espri%C3%BA" title="Javier Jiménez Espriú">Javier Jiménez Espriú</a> as Secretary of Communications and Transportation</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Turner (page does not exist)">Fernando Turner</a> as Secretary of Economic Development</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolfo_Hellmund_L%C3%B3pez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolfo Hellmund López (page does not exist)">Adolfo Hellmund López</a> as Secretary of Energy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Drucker_Col%C3%ADn" title="René Drucker Colín">René Drucker Colín</a> as Secretary of Science and Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Poniatowska" title="Elena Poniatowska">Elena Poniatowska</a> as Secretary of Culture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Vasconcelos" title="Héctor Vasconcelos">Héctor Vasconcelos</a> as Secretary of Foreign Affairs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Election_results_2">Election results</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_Mexican_general_election#Results" title="2012 Mexican general election">2012 Mexican general election § Results</a></div> The election was won by <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a> of the PRI, with 38.2%, to 31.6% for López Obrador. López Obrador did not accept the preliminary results, as most votes had not been counted.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> Subsequently, he claimed vote buying and other irregularities and demanded a full recount by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Electoral_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Electoral Institute">Federal Electoral Institute</a> (IFE).<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> The IFE found irregularities but confirmed the results on 6 July. López Obrador rejected this announcement and filed a complaint to invalidate the election. He alleged vote-buying, spending above election regulations, illegal fundraising, and vote fraud. On 30 August, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Electoral_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Electoral Tribunal">Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary</a> formally rejected his complaint.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Alliance </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#4DA663"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Commitment_to_Mexico" title="Commitment to Mexico">Compromiso por México</a></td> <td>18,727,398 </td> <td>38.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ffcd00"></td> <td align="left">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Party of the Democratic Revolution</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Movement_(Mexico)" title="Progressive Movement (Mexico)">Movimiento Progresista</a></td> <td>15,535,117 </td> <td>31.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0957A4"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Josefina_V%C3%A1zquez_Mota" title="Josefina Vázquez Mota">Josefina Vázquez Mota</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a></td> <td align="left">None</td> <td>12,473,106 </td> <td>25.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00AAAA"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Quadri_de_la_Torre" title="Gabriel Quadri de la Torre">Gabriel Quadri de la Torre</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">New Alliance Party</a></td> <td align="left">None</td> <td>1,129,108 </td> <td>2.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="left">Non-registered candidates</td> <td>31,660 </td> <td>0.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="left">Invalid/blank votes</td> <td>1,191,057 </td> <td>2.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="left">Total</td> <td>49,087,446 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="left">Registered voters/turnout</td> <td>77,738,494</td> <td>63.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" align="left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prep2012.ife.org.mx/prep/NACIONAL/PresidenteNacionalVPC.html">PREP</a> (98.95% of polling stations reporting) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular Vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Peña Nieto</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#4DA663; width:38.20%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">38.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">López Obrador</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ffcd00; width:31.60%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">31.60%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Vázquez Mota</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#0957A4; width:25.39%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">25.39%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Quadri de la Torre</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#00AAAA; width:2.28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.04%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.04%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Invalid/blank</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#CCCCCC; width:2.46%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.46%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peña_Nieto_vote-buying_controversy">Peña Nieto vote-buying controversy</h4></div> At a news conference, López Obrador claimed that the election was "plagued with irregularities" and accused the PRI of vote buying.<a href="#cite_note-lopezobradorvotes-140">[139]</a> He also claimed that the PRI handed out gifts to lure voters into casting their vote for that party with the cooperation of <a href="/wiki/Soriana" title="Soriana">Soriana</a>, a retail chain.<a href="#cite_note-lure-141">[140]</a> On the day of the 2012 presidential elections, people who voted for the PRI would receive pre-paid gift cards.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> Nonetheless, the PRI and the store denied those accusations<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> and threatened to sue López Obrador.<a href="#cite_note-lure-141">[140]</a> Peña Nieto vowed to imprison anyone – including members of the PRI – if they were found guilty of electoral fraud.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> Despite Peña Nieto's statement, videos by citizens about the Soriana cards surfaced on the internet.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_Morena_(2012–2014)">Creation of Morena (2012–2014)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMLO_se_afilia_a_MORENA_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_(8361522287).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AMLO_se_afilia_a_MORENA_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_%288361522287%29.jpg/220px-AMLO_se_afilia_a_MORENA_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_%288361522287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AMLO_se_afilia_a_MORENA_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_%288361522287%29.jpg/330px-AMLO_se_afilia_a_MORENA_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_%288361522287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AMLO_se_afilia_a_MORENA_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_%288361522287%29.jpg/440px-AMLO_se_afilia_a_MORENA_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_%288361522287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador (right) holding his Voter ID upside down along with <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_Batres" title="Martí Batres">Martí Batres</a> (center) after submitting the formal political registration of Morena to the INE</figcaption></figure> Following the 2012 presidential election loss, López Obrador told a rally in Mexico City's <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%B3calo" title="Zócalo">Zócalo</a> on 9 September 2012 that he would withdraw from the Democratic Revolution Party "on the best of terms". He said he was working on founding a new party from the National Regeneration Movement ("Movimiento de Regeneración Nacional" in Spanish), or <a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a>, for its acronym in Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> A couple of days after his departure from the PRD, federal deputy <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Monreal" title="Ricardo Monreal">Ricardo Monreal</a> stated it was a "divorce for convenience", and that López Obrador did the most responsible thing to avoid polarization of the country.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> According to polls and surveys, in 2012 most of the Mexican public had a negative view of the establishment of Morena as a political party.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> On 7 January 2014, <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_Batres" title="Martí Batres">Martí Batres</a>, president of Morena, presented the documentation to the INE to be acknowledged political party.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> In 2014, López Obrador revealed why he left the PRD, stating, "I left the PRD because the leaders of that party betrayed the people, they went with Peña Nieto and approved the <a href="/wiki/Pact_for_Mexico" title="Pact for Mexico">Pact for Mexico</a>, which is nothing more than a Pact against Mexico. I can not be in a party where tax increases were approved, and it was approved that they would increase the price of gasoline every month. Gasoline in Mexico costs more than in the United States, the salary in Mexico is the lowest in the entire North American continent, and instead of asking for wage increases, the PRD rose to the podium to ask for an increase in the price of gasoline, it's an embarrassment."<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas">Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas</a> criticized him for forming his political party, on 7 July 2014, López Obrador posted on social media that, "PRD leaders and most of its legislators voted for the fiscal reforms [raising taxes and gas prices] and with their collaboration they paved the way for privatization of the oil industry."<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador#When_did_he_give_his_reasoning_on_why_he_left_the_PRD?" title="Talk:Andrés Manuel López Obrador">discuss</a>] On 10 July 2014, the INE approved Morena as an official political party to receive federal funds and participate in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Mexican_legislative_election" title="2015 Mexican legislative election">2015 legislative elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018_presidential_election">2018 presidential election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018 Mexican general election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2018_Mexican_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2018 Mexican general election">Opinion polling for the 2018 Mexican general election</a></div> López Obrador participated again in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018 presidential election</a>, his third presidential run. In the election, he represented Morena, the left-wing <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)">Labor Party</a> (PT), and the <a href="/wiki/Socially_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially conservative">socially conservative</a> right-wing <a href="/wiki/Social_Encounter_Party" title="Social Encounter Party">Social Encounter Party</a> (PES) under the coalition <a href="/wiki/Juntos_Haremos_Historia" title="Juntos Haremos Historia">Juntos Haremos Historia</a>. Pre-election polls indicated he had a double-digit lead over candidates <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Anaya" title="Ricardo Anaya">Ricardo Anaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Meade" title="José Antonio Meade">José Antonio Meade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Jaime Rodríguez Calderón">Jaime Rodríguez Calderón</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-157">[156]</a> In 2018, the Mexican publication Aristegui Noticias criticized <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a> for what it characterized as "extreme" verbal insults on Twitter towards López Obrador's crackdown on <a href="/wiki/Institutional_corruption" title="Institutional corruption">institutional corruption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Juntos_Haremos_Historia">Juntos Haremos Historia</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Background">Background</h5></div> On 24 June 2017, the PT agreed to fight the 2018 election in an electoral alliance with Morena; however, the coalition had not officially registered with the <a href="/wiki/National_Electoral_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="National Electoral Institute">National Electoral Institute</a> (INE), the country's electoral authority. For Morena, the alliance consolidated after the withdrawal of the PT's candidate <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Y%C3%A1%C3%B1ez" title="Óscar González Yáñez">Óscar González Yáñez</a>, who resigned his candidacy and called for votes in favor of <a href="/wiki/Delfina_G%C3%B3mez_%C3%81lvarez" title="Delfina Gómez Álvarez">Delfina Gómez Álvarez</a>, the standard-bearer in the state elections of the State of Mexico in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> In October 2017, at PT's National Congress, as party president <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Anaya" title="Alberto Anaya">Alberto Anaya</a> was reelected to another 6-year term, PT formalized its coalition with Morena.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> At first, there was speculation about the possibility of a front grouping all the left-wing parties: Morena, the PRD, PT, and the MC. However, López Obrador rejected any agreement due to political differences, especially after the 2017 State of Mexico elections, where the candidates of the PRD and MC continued with their campaigns and refused to support the Morena candidate.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> At the end of November 2017, the leaders of Morena and the PES announced that they were in talks to form a possible alliance: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Eric_Flores_Cervantes" title="Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes">Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes</a>, president of the PES, said: "We don't negotiate with the PRI, we have two options, go alone or with Morena."<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Confirmation">Confirmation</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alianza_por_la_esperanza_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alianza_por_la_esperanza_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg/220px-Alianza_por_la_esperanza_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alianza_por_la_esperanza_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg/330px-Alianza_por_la_esperanza_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alianza_por_la_esperanza_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg/440px-Alianza_por_la_esperanza_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="167" /></a><figcaption>Parties of the coalition <a href="/wiki/Juntos_Haremos_Historia" title="Juntos Haremos Historia">Juntos Haremos Historia</a></figcaption></figure> On 13 December 2017, PES joined the coalition between Morena and the PT, and it was formalized under the name Juntos Haremos Historia (Together We Will Make History).<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> Following the signing of the agreement, López Obrador was appointed as a pre-candidate for the three political groups.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> It was a partial coalition that supported López Obrador as the presidential candidate and divided the legislative elections between the three: Morena chose candidates in 150 federal electoral districts (<a href="/wiki/Federal_electoral_districts_of_Mexico" title="Federal electoral districts of Mexico">out of 300</a>) and 32 Senate rates, while the PT and the PES each nominated 75 candidates for the Chamber of Deputies and 16 for the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> The alliance received criticism as it was a coalition between two left-wing parties (Mrena and the PT) with a formation related to the evangelical right (PES).<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> In response, Morena national president <a href="/wiki/Yeidckol_Polevnsky" title="Yeidckol Polevnsky">Yeidckol Polevnsky</a> said that her party "believes in inclusion and teamwork to rescue Mexico" and that they will continue to defend human rights;<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> in turn, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Eric_Flores_Cervantes" title="Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes">Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes</a>, national president of the PES, said that "the only possibility of real change in our country is the one headed by Andrés Manuel López Obrador" and that his party had decided to be "on the right side of history".<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> Andrés Manuel López Obrador said this would be his last attempt to become president, rejecting the idea of becoming a permanent moral leader for the Mexican left-wing.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_solidarity">International solidarity</h4></div> In Paris, France, there is the "Official French Committee of Morena", on which several occasions have presented their support to the candidate in small rallies in that European country.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> In February 2018, French deputy and former presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">La France Insoumise</a> party, met with López Obrador, before the official start of the electoral campaign in Mexico, and described his possible victory in the following terms: "If they manage to thwart the plans against them and win the elections, it will be a great change for Mexico and all of Latin America."<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Revilla" title="Miguel Ángel Revilla">Miguel Ángel Revilla</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Autonomous Community of Cantabria</a>, Spain, mentioned López Obrador in an interview on the <a href="/wiki/El_Hormiguero" title="El Hormiguero">El Hormiguero</a> program, where he spoke of the possibility of victory for the presidential candidate in 2018: "I think he's going to win because Mexico needs a change to a good person because they are presenting him as a Chávez-type populist, or Fidel Castro-type, but really, because he wants to end corruption and inequality within [the limits of] what he can do because the country does not deserve what it has until now; I want to send my support to this man, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, from here."<a href="#cite_note-:12-175">[174]</a> López Obrador has been referred to as the "ideological twin" of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US's</a> <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK's</a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> leader, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>, the latter having visited López Obrador and invited him over to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proposed_Cabinet_2">Proposed Cabinet</h4></div> In December 2017, López Obrador presented his proposed cabinet:<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olga_S%C3%A1nchez_Cordero" title="Olga Sánchez Cordero">Olga Sánchez Cordero</a> as Secretary of the Interior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Vasconcelos" title="Héctor Vasconcelos">Héctor Vasconcelos</a> as Secretary of Foreign Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_Urz%C3%BAa_Mac%C3%ADas" title="Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías">Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías</a> as Secretary of Finance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_Albores" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Luisa Albores">Maria Luisa Albores</a> as Secretary of Social Development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Blanco_Ortiz_Mena" class="mw-redirect" title="Josefa González Blanco Ortiz Mena">Josefa González Blanco Ortiz Mena</a> as Secretary of Environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roc%C3%ADo_Nahle_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Rocío Nahle García">Rocío Nahle García</a> as Secretary of Energy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciela_M%C3%A1rquez_Col%C3%ADn" title="Graciela Márquez Colín">Graciela Márquez Colín</a> as Secretary of Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Moctezuma" title="Esteban Moctezuma">Esteban Moctezuma Barragán</a> as Secretary of Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Villalobos" title="Víctor Villalobos">Víctor Villalobos</a> as Secretary of Agriculture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Jim%C3%A9nez_Espri%C3%BA" title="Javier Jiménez Espriú">Javier Jiménez Espriú</a> as Secretary of Communications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Er%C3%A9ndira_Sandoval" class="mw-redirect" title="Irma Eréndira Sandoval">Irma Eréndira Sandoval</a> as Secretary of the Civil Service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Alcocer_Varela" title="Jorge Alcocer Varela">Jorge Alcocer Varela</a> as Secretary of Health</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Mar%C3%ADa_Alcalde_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Luisa María Alcalde Luján">Luisa María Alcalde Luján</a> as Secretary of Labor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n_Meyer_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Román Meyer Falcón">Román Meyer Falcón</a> as Secretary of Agrarian Development and Urban Planning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Torruco_Marqu%C3%A9s" title="Miguel Torruco Marqués">Miguel Torruco Marqués</a> as Secretary of Tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Frausto_Guerrero" title="Alejandra Frausto Guerrero">Alejandra Frausto Guerrero</a> as Secretary of Culture</li></ul> Replacements <ul><li>It was announced on 5 July 2018 that Héctor Vasconcelos would be replaced at Foreign Affairs by <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a>, following Vasconcelos's election to the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a></li> <li>Arturo Herrera replaced Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías at Finance on 10 July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a></li> <li>Víctor Manuel Toledo replaced Josefa González Blanco Ortíz Mena as <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (Mexico)">Minister of Environment and Natural Resources</a> on 25 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_positions_during_campaign">Political positions during campaign</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures of economic progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Pfeiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_DiAngelo" title="Robin DiAngelo">DiAngelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">Lee (Barbara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Lee (Summer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JB_Pritzker" title="JB Pritzker">Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau (Pierre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a> (1987–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Fragility" title="White Fragility">White Fragility</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_Racism" title="Nice Racism">Nice Racism</a> (2021)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sexual_Health_Association" title="American Sexual Health Association">ASHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Genetics_and_Society" title="Center for Genetics and Society">CGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">ENAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">FIRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">ILGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Welfare_Rights_Organization" title="National Welfare Rights Organization">NWRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(2006_organization)" title="Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)">New SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">OSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">PFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">PI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">RWJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_for_the_People" title="Science for the People">SftP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTXT" title="CTXT">CTXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_the_Lightbearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucifer the Lightbearer">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Wiki">Rational Wiki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_political_parties_(Japan)" title="Progressive political parties (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green_alliance" title="Red–green alliance">Red–green alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">In United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress Studies">Progress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #800080; border-bottom:1px solid #800080; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_populism" title="Judicial populism">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing (Social)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic_populism" title="Macroeconomic populism">Macroeconomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_populism" title="Market populism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_populism" title="Penal populism">Penal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing (Authoritarian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-populism" title="Techno-populism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_populism" title="Valence populism">Valence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarism" title="Caesarism">Caesarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Political positions of Rodrigo Duterte">Dutertism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortuynism" title="Fortuynism">Fortuynism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansonism" title="Hansonism">Hansonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janismo" title="Janismo">Janismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Kirchnerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Lulism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peronism" title="Peronism">Peronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poporanism" title="Poporanism">Poporanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasimism" title="Qasimism">Qasimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption" title="Anti-corruption">Anti-corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-politics" title="Anti-politics">Anti-politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backlash_(sociology)" title="Backlash (sociology)">Backlash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Common people">Common people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuismo" title="Continuismo">Continuismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">The Establishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">Anti-establishment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_will" title="General will">General will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">Grassroots democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_theory)" title="Pluralism (political theory)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_democracy" title="Popular democracy">Popular democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-politics" title="Post-politics">Post-politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_issue" title="Wedge issue">Wedge issue</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Ahmadinejad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Bernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Pemberton_Billing" title="Noel Pemberton Billing">Billing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Castillo" title="Pedro Castillo">Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Correa" title="Rafael Correa">Correa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Duterte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dutton" title="Peter Dutton">Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fetterman" title="John Fetterman">Fetterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn" title="Pim Fortuyn">Fortuyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kuo-yu" title="Han Kuo-yu">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Hanson" title="Pauline Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollanta_Humala" title="Ollanta Humala">Humala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Iglesias_Turri%C3%B3n" title="Pablo Iglesias Turrión">Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Kirchner" title="Cristina Fernández de Kirchner">Kirchner (Cristina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9stor_Kirchner" title="Néstor Kirchner">Kirchner (Néstor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko_Wen-je" title="Ko Wen-je">Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen (Marine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Mélenchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Perón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A2nio_Quadros" title="Jânio Quadros">Quadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Salvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaksin_Shinawatra" title="Thaksin Shinawatra">Shinawatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stere" title="Constantin Stere">Stere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Subianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" title="Getúlio Vargas">Vargas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Wilders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Zeman" title="Miloš Zeman">Zeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Zhirinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Zuma</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Administration_party" title="Anti-Administration party">Anti-Administration party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_national_revival" title="Ukrainian national revival">Ukrainian national revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromada_(secret_society)" title="Hromada (secret society)">Hromada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodniks" title="Narodniks">Narodniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Alliance" title="Farmers' Alliance">Farmers' Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%82opomania" title="Chłopomania">Chłopomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%83m%C4%83n%C4%83torul" title="Sămănătorul">Sămănătorul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiosomaggismo" title="Radiosomaggismo">Radiosomaggismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Vargas Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Wealth" title="Share Our Wealth">Share Our Wealth</a></li> <li>Radical right <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">Election of Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests">Yellow vests protests</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_Canada" title="Populism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_Europe" title="Populism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_Latin_America" title="Populism in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_New_Zealand" title="Populism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_the_United_States" title="Populism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">Democratic backsliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_center_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical center (politics)">Radical centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Populism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Populism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Populism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Populism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salomon_Jara_y_Andres_Manuel_Lopez_Obrador_en_San_Baltazar_Chichicapam_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Salomon_Jara_y_Andres_Manuel_Lopez_Obrador_en_San_Baltazar_Chichicapam_01.jpg/220px-Salomon_Jara_y_Andres_Manuel_Lopez_Obrador_en_San_Baltazar_Chichicapam_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Salomon_Jara_y_Andres_Manuel_Lopez_Obrador_en_San_Baltazar_Chichicapam_01.jpg/330px-Salomon_Jara_y_Andres_Manuel_Lopez_Obrador_en_San_Baltazar_Chichicapam_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Salomon_Jara_y_Andres_Manuel_Lopez_Obrador_en_San_Baltazar_Chichicapam_01.jpg/440px-Salomon_Jara_y_Andres_Manuel_Lopez_Obrador_en_San_Baltazar_Chichicapam_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="2121" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%B3n_Jara_Cruz" title="Salomón Jara Cruz">Salomón Jara Cruz</a> (left) and López Obrador (center) in <a href="/wiki/San_Baltazar_Chichicapam" title="San Baltazar Chichicapam">San Baltazar Chichicapam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>, in March 2016</figcaption></figure> López Obrador has been described as <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-economistPopulist-11">[10]</a> Other outlets have claimed that López Obrador toned down his rhetoric for the 2018 election, allying with business figures and narrowing his criticism of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA).<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> In his inauguration speech, he inveighed against <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>, calling it a "disaster" and a "calamity" for the country, and promised "<a href="/wiki/Fourth_Transformation" title="Fourth Transformation">a fourth transformation</a>", in reference to three major events in Mexican history, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican War of Independence</a> (1810–1821), the <a href="/wiki/Reform_War" title="Reform War">Reform War</a> (1858–1861) and the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920).<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-que-191">[190]</a> He proposed the cancellation of the under-construction <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_City_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico City International Airport">New Mexico City International Airport</a>,<a href="#cite_note-auto2-192">[191]</a> the conversion of the president's official residence and office complex, <a href="/wiki/Los_Pinos" title="Los Pinos">Los Pinos</a>, into a cultural center,<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>,<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> free internet,<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> and a sale of the presidential aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> López Obrador has offered to hold referendums on various issues,<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> among them a performance evaluation halfway through his term during the <a href="/wiki/2021_Mexican_legislative_election" title="2021 Mexican legislative election">2021 legislative elections</a> (instead of his former proposal of every two years)<a href="#cite_note-auto6-199">[198]</a>) that would cut his six-year term short if he lost the consultation.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> He proposed dispersing the cabinet throughout the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico" title="List of states of Mexico">country's states</a>, with the objective of "promoting development throughout the national territory," while the Presidency and the Ministries of <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_National_Defense" title="Secretariat of National Defense">National Defense</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Navy" title="Secretariat of the Navy">Navy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Interior" title="Secretariat of the Interior">Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Finance_and_Public_Credit" title="Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit">Finance and Public Credit</a> would remain in the capital.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> New Airport for Mexico City <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Santa_Luc%C3%ADa_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico City Santa Lucía Airport">Mexico City Santa Lucía Airport</a></div> Corruption, geological, and environmental problems related to the construction of <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Texcoco_Airport" title="Mexico City Texcoco Airport">a new airport in Texcoco</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a>, were major issues during López Obrador's 2018 presidential campaign. After winning the election but before taking office, he sponsored a citizen referendum on replacing the Texcoco airport with rebuilding the military airport Santa Lucia in <a href="/wiki/Zumpango" title="Zumpango">Zumpango, State of Mexico</a>. The referendum passed with 70% of the 1 million votes cast.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> Canceling the airport cost MXN 75 billion (US$3.98 billion).<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> The new airport in Zumpango was named "<a href="/wiki/Felipe_%C3%81ngeles_International_Airport" title="Felipe Ángeles International Airport">Felipe Ángeles International Airport</a>", and construction began on 17 October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> The airport opened in March 2022.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Anti-corruption">Anti-corruption</h5></div> López Obrador's chief pledge was to eradicate institutional corruption by enacting constitutional laws and policies to make corruption more difficult. One example is two laws enacted that make corruption and voter fraud a criminal act without bail,<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> as well as removing corrupt government officials with due process. López Obrador pledged a combination of zero tolerance and personal honesty to sweep it out "from top to bottom like cleaning the stairs."<a href="#cite_note-ft.com1-208">[207]</a> He asked international organizations to come to Mexico to help investigate cases of corruption and human rights abuses. He announced a willingness to allow the creation of a body akin to the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_against_Impunity_in_Guatemala" title="International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala">International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala</a> to help local prosecutors build <a href="/wiki/Graft_(politics)" title="Graft (politics)">graft</a> cases.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-209">[208]</a> He also proposed to amend an article in the constitution to make it possible to try presidents for corruption.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-199">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Energy">Energy</h5></div> López Obrador has had mixed views on the privatization of oil that was signed into law in 2013. He has called for a referendum over the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_energy_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 energy reform (page does not exist)">2013 energy reform</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_energ%C3%A9tica_de_M%C3%A9xico_de_2013" class="extiw" title="es:Reforma energética de México de 2013">es</a>] that ended <a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a>'s monopoly in the oil industry.<a href="#cite_note-auto-210">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roc%C3%ADo_Nahle_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Rocío Nahle García">Rocío Nahle García</a>, his top energy adviser, has called for a freeze on future deepwater drilling auctions and a review of contracts with international oil companies.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-211">[210]</a> In February 2018, his business adviser, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Romo" title="Alfonso Romo">Alfonso Romo</a>, said, "[he] reviewed most of the oil tenders awarded to private drillers and found them to be beneficial for Mexico."<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> He has also pledged to end oil exports to focus internally, as well as invest in refineries along with ending the importation of gasoline from the United States,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-211">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft3-213">[212]</a> saying the nation must recover energy self-sufficiency "as a principle of national security" and should make loss-making state refineries operable and assess biodiesel production.<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-214">[213]</a> López Obrador has promised no more <a href="/wiki/Gasolinazo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasolinazo">gasolinazos</a> as well as no more hikes in electricity and gas prices.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> On 30 November 2018, López Obrador told the press that the previous administration's oil reforms, which permitted auctioning oil field rights to private companies, would not continue under his administration.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Shortly after taking office, López Obrador cracked down on the robbery of motor fuels: <a href="/wiki/Huachicolero" title="Huachicolero">Huachicolero</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> Despite the 18 January 2019 <a href="/wiki/Tlahuelilpan_pipeline_explosion" title="Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion">Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion</a> that cost the lives of at least 119 in Tlahuelilpan, Hidalgo,<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> and local fuel shortages, gasoline theft was cut by 95% from 81,000 barrels in November 2018 to 4,000 barrels in April 2019 with a savings of 11 billion pesos ($581 million).<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> By 2023 Mexico plans to have seven oil refineries, including a new one that is being built at the Dos Bocas port in <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADso,_Tabasco" title="Paraíso, Tabasco">Paraíso, Tabasco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> Construction on the Dos Bocas refinery began in August 2019,<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> with an estimated cost between US$6 billion and $8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Education">Education</h5></div> With his saying, "Becarios sí, sicarios, no" (Scholarship recipients, yes; <a href="/wiki/Contract_killing" title="Contract killing">hitmen</a>, no),<a href="#cite_note-garantiza_López_Obrador-223">[222]</a> López Obrador promised guaranteed schooling and employment to all young Mexicans, through universal access to public colleges,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-224">[223]</a> and proposed monthly scholarships of 2,400 MXN to low-income university students.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> López Obrador is against the educational reform passed into law in 2013, stating he opposes the use of standardized test scores as a basis for firing teachers,<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> saying, "It is an ideological problem of the right, of conservatism; deep down they do not want public education, they want education to be privatized, that is the mentality that prevails in these people. I ask them to be serene and if you really want to help improve education, do not polarize or disqualify [the teachers]."<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> He also argued that: "children go to school without eating and that is not addressed in the so-called education reform."<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> The educational reform laws passed during the Peña Nieto administration were overturned in September 2019. The new laws promise to assess teachers' opinions and preserve the public nature of the school system.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Drug_War">Drug War</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_despu%C3%A9s_del_primer_debate_(7007558786)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_despu%C3%A9s_del_primer_debate_%287007558786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_despu%C3%A9s_del_primer_debate_%287007558786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_despu%C3%A9s_del_primer_debate_%287007558786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_despu%C3%A9s_del_primer_debate_%287007558786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_despu%C3%A9s_del_primer_debate_%287007558786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_despu%C3%A9s_del_primer_debate_%287007558786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="1566" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador in 2012</figcaption></figure> As the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Mexican Drug War</a> that started under President Calderón (2006–12) dragged on into its 12th year, he reiterated his 2012 presidential run strategy of "<a href="/wiki/Abrazos,_no_balazos" title="Abrazos, no balazos">Abrazos, no balazos</a>" (Hugs, not bullets), arguing that jobs and better wages, especially for younger people and the rural populace, are necessary to combat crime,<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> not the use of more military force.<a href="#cite_note-garantiza_López_Obrador-223">[222]</a> He has proposed amnesty for some drug war criminals,<a href="#cite_note-LA2017-232">[231]</a> for which he would seek the aid of international <a href="/wiki/NGOs" class="mw-redirect" title="NGOs">NGOs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> and <a href="/wiki/UN_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Secretary-General">UN Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-209">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Vasconcelos" title="Héctor Vasconcelos">Héctor Vasconcelos</a>, a former diplomat, said a López Obrador government would gradually pull back the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Navy</a> from the streets where they have been engaged.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-234">[233]</a> López Obrador is willing to establish a truth commission to bring closure to tens of thousands of people exposed to murders and disappearances of their friends and families, such as the <a href="/wiki/2014_Iguala_mass_kidnapping" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Iguala mass kidnapping">2014 Ayotzinapa kidnapping</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> He declared that he would consider legalizing certain drugs as part of a broader strategy to fight poverty and crime.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> López Obrador declared an end to the Drug War, announcing that he wished to shift from capturing capos (drug lords) to reducing violence and paying more attention to health and socioeconomic concerns. Nonetheless, the murder rate increased during his first year in office. López Obrador has sent the newly formed, militarized <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Mexico)" title="National Guard (Mexico)">National Guard</a> to fight crime, but they have not been any more successful than previous police and military efforts.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> A major setback was a failed attempt to arrest <a href="/wiki/Ovidio_Guzm%C3%A1n_L%C3%B3pez" title="Ovidio Guzmán López">Ovidio Guzmán López</a> in October 2019, which set off fierce <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culiac%C3%A1n" title="Battle of Culiacán">gun battles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Culiac%C3%A1n" title="Culiacán">Culiacán</a>, Sinaloa, and had to be called off. López Obrador later explained that his primary concern was saving lives.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> When three adults and six children, American citizens belonging to the <a href="/wiki/LeBar%C3%B3n_and_Langford_families_massacre" title="LeBarón and Langford families massacre">LeBaron family</a>, were killed near the border between <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> briefly threatened to declare the cartels terrorist organizations. López Obrador persuaded him not to do so.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h5></div> Lopez Obrador describes himself as an adherent of a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a>. At an event on 3 June 2018, he explained that "there will be a mixed economy; the State with public investment could not face the challenge of growth in Mexico, private investment is required, and the social sector is also required."<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> Based on his economic proposals, he wants the country to be "self-sufficient" and to "rescue the agriculture industry" affected by the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a>. He has also doubled compensations to both, pensions to two million five hundred senior citizens,<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> and the nation's <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> López Obrador has also created a special zone along Mexico's northern border with lower <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax#Mexico" title="Value-added tax">value-added taxes</a>, lower rent taxes, and a higher minimum wage.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> His advisers also said that the same measures could also be directed at Mexico's southern border and elsewhere to contain migration.<a href="#cite_note-Mexico_leftist's_pitch_to_Trump-247">[246]</a> He has planned a host of infrastructure projects in partnership with the private sector, including rail links in the <a href="/wiki/Mayan_Train" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayan Train">forests of Yucatán</a> and across the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec" title="Isthmus of Tehuantepec">Isthmus of Tehuantepec</a>, to spark economic growth in Mexico's economically depressed south.<a href="#cite_note-ft.com1-208">[207]</a> At a major banking conference in March 2018, he made promises to maintain economic stability and respect the autonomy of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Mexico" title="Bank of Mexico">Bank of Mexico</a>, saying: "We will support banks and we won't confiscate assets. There won't be expropriations or nationalizations."<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="NAFTA/USMCA">NAFTA/USMCA</h5></div> López Obrador has criticized <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">NAFTA</a>, arguing small Mexican corn farmers have been affected,<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> as well as proposing to defend avocado farmers from agricultural tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> He has asked Peña Nieto's administration to postpone the current renegotiation of the agreement, arguing both Donald Trump and Peña Nieto do not have a strong, amicable relationship, tainted by a <a href="/wiki/2017_Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_diplomatic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Mexico–United States diplomatic crisis">cancelled foreign trip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> During the general assembly of the American Chamber of Commerce in Mexico, he said he does not want the agreement cancelled, arguing it benefits the three member nations.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> In June 2018, during a presidential debate, he argued that if there is a failure in the NAFTA renegotiation, the domestic economy must be strengthened, saying, "[it] cannot be fatal for Mexicans, our country has a lot of natural resources, a lot of wealth."<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> López Obrador has argued in favor of increasing workers' salaries "because wages in our country are very low; they are the lowest wages in the world and we need to strengthen the domestic market and improve the income of workers; you can not be paying the workers of the <a href="/wiki/Maquiladoras" class="mw-redirect" title="Maquiladoras">maquilas</a> 800 pesos a week."<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> Mexico and the United States reached a new trade agreement on 27 August 2018, and Canada agreed on 30 September. The new trade agreement is called the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> The USMCA increases environmental and labor regulations, and incentivizes the domestic production of cars and trucks. The agreement also provides updated intellectual property protections.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> Then-U.S. Trade Representative <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lighthizer" title="Robert Lighthizer">Robert Lighthizer</a>, Canadian Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mexico)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)">Deputy Minister for North America</a> <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Seade" title="Jesús Seade">Jesús Seade Kuri</a> signed a modified agreement in Mexico City on 10 December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Mexico)" title="Senate of the Republic (Mexico)">Mexican Senate</a> ratified the treaty on 19 June 2019,<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> the US on January 29, 2020 (Public Law No: 116–113),<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> and Canada on March 13, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Canada_ratification-262">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Fiscal_policy">Fiscal policy</h5></div> Arguing he would be <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">fiscally conservative</a>,<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> López Obrador proposed raising social spending<a href="#cite_note-ft3-213">[212]</a> without tax hikes or accumulation of public debt,<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-214">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> via proposed <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> measures on politician and bureaucrat salaries and subsidies, including the president's salary and post-presidential pension, as well as fighting private corruption and tax fraud.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> López Obrador has reduced the presidential salary by 60% to MXN 108,000 (US$5,000) per month and has limited what public servants and judiciary members can earn. He opened the presidential housing complex of <a href="/wiki/Los_Pinos" title="Los Pinos">Los Pinos</a> to the public, taking up residence in the <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Mexico)" title="National Palace (Mexico)">National Palace</a>. On top of this, he has sold off government assets, including vehicles and real estate; proceeds have gone to social programs for the poor.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> An austerity law passed in October 2019 restricts remodeling of government offices, bans government employees for ten years from working in private companies they regulated while in office, and cuts presidential pensions.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> The president flies commercial airlines, but has not yet found a buyer for the presidential airplane.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h5></div> Following accusations by interest groups and the opposition,<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> which have alleged influences by the Venezuelan government and drawn comparisons with Donald Trump, López Obrador stated, "No to <a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a>, no to <a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpismo</a>; yes to <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Juarismo</a>, yes to <a href="/wiki/Maderism" title="Maderism">Maderismo</a>, yes to <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_Cardenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lázaro Cardenas">Cardenismo</a>, yes to Mexicanismo."<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> He has repeatedly stated that he wants to continue the bilateral relationship with the United States based on mutual respect and friendship, "and not of subordination",<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> insisting that "Mexico will not be a <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">piñata</a> of any foreign government".<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> He has also said, "we no longer want Mexico to be seen as a country of conquest, the looting is over."<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> During a presidential debate, López Obrador argued that "the best foreign policy is domestic policy",<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> in that if the country has no corruption and crime, it will help develop trust for investment and tourism because the image of Mexico would improve the perception of Mexico in the international arena. He has campaigned on Mexico's former foreign policy of <a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">non-interventionism</a> and the Principle of the self-determination of the peoples' nations, the <a href="/wiki/Estrada_Doctrine" title="Estrada Doctrine">Estrada Doctrine</a>, stated in the Mexican constitution, article 89.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> López Obrador reiterated his commitment to non-interventionism with the statement he made during his presidential victory speech, "We will be friends of all the world's people and governments. The principles of non-intervention, self-determination, and the peaceful settlement of disputes will be applied again."<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> After the 2019 election victory in Argentina, López Obrador developed a close relationship with President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Alberto Fernández</a> in what <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> described as a "progressive alliance",<a href="#cite_note-FernandezAMLO-281">[280]</a> with Fernández making one of his first official trips abroad to Mexico<a href="#cite_note-FernandezAMLO-281">[280]</a> (the first being to Israel).<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> The two countries later developed a closer bond in cooperation regarding the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> López Obrador also expressed support for Argentina's claim to the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> and has urged the United Kingdom to negotiate an end to the dispute with Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Immigration_and_U.S._policy">Immigration and U.S. policy</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Mexican_President-_Elect_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_(42488751605).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Mexican_President-_Elect_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_%2842488751605%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Mexican_President-_Elect_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_%2842488751605%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Mexican_President-_Elect_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_%2842488751605%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Mexican_President-_Elect_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_%2842488751605%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Mexican_President-_Elect_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_%2842488751605%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Mexican_President-_Elect_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_%2842488751605%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5314" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador with US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> in July 2018</figcaption></figure> As President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016#Comments_regarding_undocumented_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016">accused Mexican illegal immigrants of "bringing drugs [and] crime"</a> during his presidential campaign, López Obrador took a stance against Trump's proposals for a <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">wall on the U.S.-Mexico border</a> as well as the deportation of undocumented immigrants in the United States. In 2017, he called on the Peña Nieto administration to "[present] a lawsuit at the United Nations against the U.S. government for violation of human rights and racial discrimination".<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> He promised to convert the 50 Mexican consulates in the United States into "procurators" for the defense of migrants, suggested appointing <a href="/wiki/Alicia_B%C3%A1rcena" title="Alicia Bárcena">Alicia Bárcena</a>, current Executive Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</a>, as Mexico's permanent representative to the UN, and pledged to put pressure on the United States through organizations like the United Nations. He accused the establishment parties of the corruption that keeps migrants from receiving the support they need.<a href="#cite_note-cis.org-286">[285]</a> Regarding migration to Mexico, he asserted his government would not "continue the dirty work" of the United States and detain Central American migrants at the country's southern border. Following his proposed idea of decentralizing the nation's cabinet away from Mexico City, he would move the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Migration" title="National Institute of Migration">National Institute of Migration</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>. He suggested that the NAFTA renegotiations should create a development plan for Central America as a means to address emigration in the region,<a href="#cite_note-cis.org-286">[285]</a> including a proposed "alliance for progress" including Mexico, the United States, Canada, and Central America to foster job creation, grow the economy and pacify the region.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> López Obrador said he wants to broker a deal with President Trump to stem <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigration</a> through jobs and development rather than a border wall.<a href="#cite_note-Mexico_leftist's_pitch_to_Trump-247">[246]</a> López Obrador's pick for the proposed re-establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Public_Security" title="Secretariat of Public Security">Secretariat of Public Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Durazo" title="Alfonso Durazo">Alfonso Durazo</a>, declared in July 2018 that there are plans to create a <a href="/wiki/Border_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Border police">border police</a> that would mainly patrol Mexico's southern border to halt illegal immigration, drugs, and weapons.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> In October 2018, López Obrador declared <a href="/wiki/Work_permit" title="Work permit">working visas</a> for Central American immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> Days later, following the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Central_American_migrant_caravans#Late_2018_caravan" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a> into Mexico en route to the United States, he asked for solidarity with the migrants.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Election_results_3">Election results</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election#Results" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018 Mexican general election § Results</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebraci%C3%B3n_victoria_electoral_AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Celebraci%C3%B3n_victoria_electoral_AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_09.jpg/220px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_victoria_electoral_AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Celebraci%C3%B3n_victoria_electoral_AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_09.jpg/330px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_victoria_electoral_AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Celebraci%C3%B3n_victoria_electoral_AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_09.jpg/440px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_victoria_electoral_AMLO_en_el_Z%C3%B3calo_de_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Celebration of Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico City's Zocalo after being declared winner in Mexico's federal elections of 1 July 2018</figcaption></figure> López Obrador won the election on 1 July 2018 with 53% of the popular vote–the first candidate to win an outright majority since <a href="/wiki/1988_Mexican_general_election" title="1988 Mexican general election">1988</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ReutersMurray-291">[290]</a> and the first candidate not from the PRI or its predecessors to do so since the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>. In terms of states won, López Obrador won in a landslide, carrying 31 out of 32 of the country's states.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersMurray-291">[290]</a> Around 30 minutes after polls closed in the country's northwest, José Antonio Meade, speaking at a news conference from PRI headquarters, conceded defeat and wished Andrés Manuel López Obrador "every success".<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> Ricardo Anaya also conceded defeat within an hour of the polls closing,<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> and independent candidate Jaime Rodríguez Calderón recognized López Obrador's victory shortly afterward.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Alliance </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#B62118"></td> <td align="left">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Regeneration_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="National Regeneration Movement">National Regeneration Movement</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Juntos_Haremos_Historia" title="Juntos Haremos Historia">Juntos Haremos Historia</a></td> <td>30,112,109 </td> <td>53.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0957A4"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Anaya" title="Ricardo Anaya">Ricardo Anaya</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(M%C3%A9xico)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Action Party (México)">National Action Party</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Por_M%C3%A9xico_al_Frente" title="Por México al Frente">Por México al Frente</a></td> <td>12,609,472 </td> <td>22.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#4DA663"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Meade" title="José Antonio Meade">José Antonio Meade</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Todos_por_M%C3%A9xico" title="Todos por México">Todos por México</a></td> <td>9,289,378 </td> <td>16.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#7D2181"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Jaime Rodríguez Calderón">Jaime Rodríguez Calderón</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td align="left">None</td> <td>2,961,539 </td> <td>5.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#15317E"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Margarita_Zavala" title="Margarita Zavala">Margarita Zavala</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[b]</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td align="left">None</td> <td>32,743 </td> <td>0.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td colspan="3" align="left">Write-in votes</td> <td>31,981 </td> <td>0.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="left">Invalid/blank votes</td> <td>1,570,828 </td> <td>2.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="left">Total</td> <td>56,608,050 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="left">Registered voters/turnout</td> <td>89,994,039</td> <td>63.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" align="left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://computos2018.ine.mx/#/presidencia/nacional/1/1/1/1">INE</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular Vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">López Obrador</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#B62118; width:53.19%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">53.19%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Anaya</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#0957A4; width:22.28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">22.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Meade</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#4DA663; width:16.41%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.41%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Rodríguez Calderón</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#7D2181; width:5.23%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.23%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Zavala</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#15317E; width:0.06%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.06%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.06%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.06%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Invalid/blank</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#CCCCCC; width:2.77%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.77%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidential_transition_(July–December_2018)">Presidential transition (July–December 2018)</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reuni%C3%B3n_con_el_Presidente_Electo,_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reuni%C3%B3n_con_el_Presidente_Electo%2C_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_8.jpg/220px-Reuni%C3%B3n_con_el_Presidente_Electo%2C_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reuni%C3%B3n_con_el_Presidente_Electo%2C_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_8.jpg/330px-Reuni%C3%B3n_con_el_Presidente_Electo%2C_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reuni%C3%B3n_con_el_Presidente_Electo%2C_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_8.jpg/440px-Reuni%C3%B3n_con_el_Presidente_Electo%2C_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3852" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a> with President-elect López Obrador on 9 August 2018</figcaption></figure> López Obrador took office on 1 December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-inauguration-298">[296]</a> When he was president-elect, he announced he would take a 60% salary pay cut.<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> Before taking office, from 22 to 25 October, he held an impromptu vote, organized by supporters of his party, on whether or not the <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Texcoco_Airport" title="Mexico City Texcoco Airport">New International Airport for Mexico City</a> was to be scrapped, citing that the project was rife with corruption, cronyism, and a waste of taxpayer's money. About 70% of the results voted against the continuation of the project. López Obrador proposed expanding the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Luc%C3%ADa_Air_Force_Base_Num_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Lucía Air Force Base Num 1">Santa Lucía Air Force Base</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> In December 2018, López Obrador ordered the creation of a truth commission to re-examine one of the country's most notorious unsolved crimes: the kidnapping and presumed murder of <a href="/wiki/2014_Iguala_mass_kidnapping" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Iguala mass kidnapping">43 trainee teachers who disappeared</a> after an attack by cartel gunmen and police officers.<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> After the 2018 presidential election, media organizations, including <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>, reported that López Obrador said the victory of his party, Morena, was "La Cuarta Transformación" (The Fourth Transformation).<a href="#cite_note-:1-302">[300]</a> The phrase is a reference to three major historical reforms, namely <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican independence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Reform_War" title="Reform War">Reform War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-302">[300]</a> Just before his 1 December inauguration, a documentary on López Obrador was broadcast on Now This World.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(2018–2024)">Presidency (2018–2024)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exercise_of_political_power">Exercise of political power</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_visita_M%C3%A9xico_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_visita_M%C3%A9xico_07.jpg/220px-Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_visita_M%C3%A9xico_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_visita_M%C3%A9xico_07.jpg/330px-Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_visita_M%C3%A9xico_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_visita_M%C3%A9xico_07.jpg/440px-Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_visita_M%C3%A9xico_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador with Spain's Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> in January 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luis_Arce_%26_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador._24_March_2021,_Mexico_City_(51890997122).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Luis_Arce_%26_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador._24_March_2021%2C_Mexico_City_%2851890997122%29.jpg/220px-Luis_Arce_%26_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador._24_March_2021%2C_Mexico_City_%2851890997122%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Luis_Arce_%26_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador._24_March_2021%2C_Mexico_City_%2851890997122%29.jpg/330px-Luis_Arce_%26_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador._24_March_2021%2C_Mexico_City_%2851890997122%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Luis_Arce_%26_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador._24_March_2021%2C_Mexico_City_%2851890997122%29.jpg/440px-Luis_Arce_%26_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador._24_March_2021%2C_Mexico_City_%2851890997122%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador with Bolivian President <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a> in March 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbre_de_L%C3%ADderes_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Norte_2023_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cumbre_de_L%C3%ADderes_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Norte_2023_5.jpg/220px-Cumbre_de_L%C3%ADderes_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Norte_2023_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cumbre_de_L%C3%ADderes_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Norte_2023_5.jpg/330px-Cumbre_de_L%C3%ADderes_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Norte_2023_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cumbre_de_L%C3%ADderes_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Norte_2023_5.jpg/440px-Cumbre_de_L%C3%ADderes_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Norte_2023_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5993" data-file-height="4682" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> at the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Leaders%27_Summit" title="North American Leaders' Summit">North American Leaders' Summit</a> in January 2023</figcaption></figure> In his first year, López Obrador's approval ratings were high, approximately the same as previous administrations at the same point in their terms. Despite that, there has appeared to be little progress on issues on which he campaigned, which critics pointed out.<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> criticized his first year as lacking in statecraft and abundant in theatrical gestures.<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> In August 2019, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> did an extended interview with López Obrador.<a href="#cite_note-306">[304]</a> The <a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a> did a short special assessment of López Obrador's first year in office.<a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> He argues his presidency is the "<a href="/wiki/Fourth_Transformation" title="Fourth Transformation">Fourth Transformation</a>" in Mexican history, with the first three being the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican War of Independence</a> (1810–1821), the <a href="/wiki/Reform_War" title="Reform War">War of the Reform</a> (1857–1861), and the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920). He invokes imagery likening his presidency to the work of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, with concern for the less fortunate being a top priority under López Obrador.<a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> Direct communication with the electorate has become a key feature of his presidency. He holds daily briefings (mañaneras) broadcast on state media.<a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a> López Obrador stated that citizen forums, consultations, and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_by_country" title="Referendums by country">referendums</a> would be a key part of his decision-making process. Such consultations have been held on major infrastructure projects such as constructing a new airport, an oil refinery, an electric plant, and the <a href="/wiki/Tren_Maya" title="Tren Maya">Mayan Train</a>. Other consultations have been held on various social issues, and more are planned for the future—including <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mexico">LGBTQ rights</a> and amnesty for low-level drug offenders.<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> In 2020, a judge in Campeche issued an injunction against the <a href="/wiki/Mayan_Train" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayan Train">Mayan Train</a>, citing its approval in a "simulated consultation".<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> In 2022, he held a referendum on his presidency, winning with more than 90% of the votes but with a low turnout rate of around 18 percent, far below the 40 percent level needed for the poll to be legally binding.<a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> Other consultations held in 2018 and 2019 also enjoyed widespread support (70% or more),<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a> but were criticized for low turnout (2% or less) and other reasons.<a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> <a href="/wiki/Morning_Consult" title="Morning Consult">Morning Consult</a>'s Global Leader Approval Rating Tracker, which evaluates the approval rating of 13 world leaders weekly, positioned López Obrador as the second-highest net approval rating as of February 10, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> During his presidency, López Obrador frequently preferred social media blogs and news sites at his briefings and often answered questions only from them. He has also frequently criticized environmentalists, non-governmental organizations, regulatory agencies and social media companies, the latter for alleged political bias. In 2024, a video on his official YouTube channel showing him revealing the phone number of a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> reporter who had investigated his associates' connections with drug traffickers was taken down by the site, prompting him to accuse the platform of censorship and being taken over by conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-corruption_2">Anti-corruption</h3></div> A top priority during López Obrador's campaign was his pledge to end <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Mexico" title="Corruption in Mexico">corruption</a>. In 2018, Mexico was on par with Russia at 138 (of 180 countries), according to Transparency International's <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a>. López Obrador has made high-profile gestures against corruption, but his critics see them as not getting at the core issue.<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a> He stated his administration will no longer employ the agency designed to uncover corruption in government spending, the National Institute for Access to Information and Data Protection (INAI), citing its complicity in covering up high-profile scandals such as the <a href="/wiki/Odebrecht_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Odebrecht Case">Odebrecht case</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Krauze" title="Enrique Krauze">Enrique Krauze</a> has criticized López Obrador's move, saying "Now there is absolutely no transparency in the use of public money, and, at the same time, the awarding of contracts to companies owned by the president's friends."<a href="#cite_note-auto8-13">[12]</a> López Obrador's anti-corruption efforts have concentrated in five areas[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]: illegal fuel sales known as <a href="/wiki/Huachicolero" title="Huachicolero">Huachicolero</a>, accounting methods and tax fraud, illegal outsourcing, judicial corruption, and <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a> The Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera on 27 December 2019, announced that it has opened investigations into four former governors.<a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a> In August 2019 <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Robles" title="Rosario Robles">Rosario Robles</a> was sent to prison for her involvement in the MXN $7,760 million (US$420 million) "Master Scam" (Spanish: Estafa Maestra),<a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a> and charges against former <a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a> officials such as CEO <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Lozoya_Austin" title="Emilio Lozoya Austin">Emilio Lozoya Austin</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> and union leader <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Romero_Deschamps" title="Carlos Romero Deschamps">Carlos Romero Deschamps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> In October 2019, a justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_of_the_Nation" title="Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation">Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN)</a> was forced to resign due to irregularities involving an irregular bank deposit worth MXN $80 million (US$4 million).<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> Despite initial praise from human rights group <a href="/wiki/Washington_Office_on_Latin_America" title="Washington Office on Latin America">Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA)</a> in October 2019 regarding Lopez' ambitious plan, which introduced anti-corruption prosecutors both at federal and state levels through an independent National Anti-Corruption System,<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> its 2021 report concluded that, while the structure of the System could theoretically work, it had been essentially crippled by the lack of independence or any real autonomy, amongst other factors.<a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_2">Education</h3></div> In 2019 López Obrador consolidated some projects to support the educational system in Mexico, some of them being the creation of one hundred public universities and the approval of the reforms to articles 3, 31 and 73 of the Mexican Constitution, about education, in which parents, teachers and authorities participated.<a href="#cite_note-327">[325]</a> That same year, he also implemented the scholarship program "Bienestar Benito Juárez" in all educational levels of public service, in order to encourage the permanence of students<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a> and also reverted the Education Reform implemented during the Peña Nieto administration, replacing it with one that would guarantee free education at all levels.<a href="#cite_note-329">[327]</a> In 2020, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico</a>, face-to-face classes were suspended since March, in order to avoid contagions of the disease.<a href="#cite_note-330">[328]</a> In August, the president signed an agreement with the television networks <a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Azteca" title="TV Azteca">TV Azteca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imagen_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Imagen Televisión">Imagen Televisión</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Multimedios" title="Grupo Multimedios">Grupo Multimedios</a> so that preschool, primary and secondary school students could begin receiving classes and educational content on television.<a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a> In December, he announced <a href="/wiki/Delfina_G%C3%B3mez_%C3%81lvarez" title="Delfina Gómez Álvarez">Delfina Gómez Álvarez</a> as the new <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Public_Education_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Public Education (Mexico)">secretary of Public Education</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Esteban_Moctezuma" title="Esteban Moctezuma">Esteban Moctezuma Barragán</a>, who would become <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_of_Mexico_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador of Mexico to the United States">Mexico's ambassador to the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> In 2021, a protocol was announced with which students could gradually return to face-to-face classes, but only in those states that were on a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico#Traffic_light_color_system" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">green light of the epidemiological traffic light</a> during the COVID pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a> The exchange between Delfina and Moctezuma was officially carried out on 15 February.<a href="#cite_note-336">[334]</a> The return of face-to-face classes since the beginning of the pandemic took place on 7 June in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes" title="Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a> and on the 14 of the same month in the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> However, this return was silently canceled again when cases of children infected with COVID-19 began to be registered inside schools,<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[338]</a> little student presence,<a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a> and the beginning of a third wave of infections by the disease.<a href="#cite_note-342">[340]</a> Despite this, the president announced that the return of face-to-face classes would be "rained, thundered or lighted" in August,<a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> one of his motivations being to avoid the supposed "addiction to video games" that kids have today.<a href="#cite_note-344">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidente_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_en_Tlaxcala_31-Enero-2019_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Presidente_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_en_Tlaxcala_31-Enero-2019_01.jpg/220px-Presidente_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_en_Tlaxcala_31-Enero-2019_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Presidente_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_en_Tlaxcala_31-Enero-2019_01.jpg/330px-Presidente_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_en_Tlaxcala_31-Enero-2019_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Presidente_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_en_Tlaxcala_31-Enero-2019_01.jpg/440px-Presidente_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_en_Tlaxcala_31-Enero-2019_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Visiting <a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala</a>, 2019</figcaption></figure> López Obrador's energy policy has prioritized the state over the market. Petroleum is at the center of his strategy, with the construction of a refinery in Tabasco, and has essentially banned private investment in the sector. There was low or flat economic growth in his first year of office. He implemented a minimum wage increase of 16.21% in 2019 before uplifting the wage increase to 20% the same year.<a href="#cite_note-345">[343]</a> The coronavirus pandemic is expected to cause lasting damage to the economy, with some critics arguing López Obrador has not effectively planned and responded to economic uncertainty, with the peso falling in the first months of the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-346">[344]</a> López Obrador made good on his promise to cancel the building of a new airport (<a href="/wiki/Texcoco_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Texcoco Airport">Texcoco Airport</a>) to serve Mexico City, with $13.3 billion already spent. Instead, the <a href="/wiki/Felipe_%C3%81ngeles_International_Airport" title="Felipe Ángeles International Airport">Felipe Ángeles International Airport</a> was reworked to replace it.<a href="#cite_note-auto8-13">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">trade deal with the U.S. and Canada</a> was ratified by all three nations and went into effect in July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> López Obrador traveled to the U.S. to sign the agreement, but <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, Prime Minister of the third partner, Canada, did not attend, claiming the coronavirus as the reason. Trump and López Obrador signed the agreement at the White House.<a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a> With the COVID-19 pandemic, remittances from Mexicans in the U.S. have fallen. In addition, with the U.S.-Mexico border increasingly difficult to cross, Mexicans in the U.S. are now aging and dying, often being buried in their hometowns and villages.<a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a> His 2023 federal budget prioritized the funding of social programs, including a boost to pensions for older adults and infrastructure projects concentrated largely in southern Mexico. According to José Olivares of <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>, leaked intelligence documents indicate the U.S. government is displeased with the Mexican state prioritizing social spending over furthering U.S. interests, such as "investments needed to address bilateral issues with the US, such as migration, security and trade."<a href="#cite_note-350">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Response to the COVID-19 pandemic</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico</a></div> According to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, the initial response by López Obrador's government was as late as March 2020 and was met with significant criticism. The president continued to hold rallies, be tactile with crowds, and downplay the threat of coronavirus to Mexicans' health and the Mexican economy. When COVID-19 arrived in Mexico, the government ramped up preparedness. The healthcare system is undergoing reforms to lessen the possibility of corruption and to shift from the existing insurance system to a universal one.<a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a> In March 2020, López Obrador pledged to donate a quarter of his salary to help the country weather the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a> As of 25 January 2021, 1,763,219 people have contracted the virus and 149,614 have died.<a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime_and_the_drug_war">Crime and the drug war</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_Homicides_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mexico_Homicides_2024.png/281px-Mexico_Homicides_2024.png" decoding="async" width="281" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mexico_Homicides_2024.png/422px-Mexico_Homicides_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mexico_Homicides_2024.png/562px-Mexico_Homicides_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1493" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Yearly number of homicides between 2000 and 2023.</figcaption></figure> Rates of crime remain high in Mexico and conflict and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">violence of drug mafias</a> has not been stemmed.<a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> The number of murders nationwide in 2019 was over 34,000. Although the rate of women's murders is only about 10% of that number, <a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">femicide</a> (murders of women specifically because they are women) has risen and resulted in major demonstrations in early 2020.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] López Obrador initially backed away from the policy of taking out mafia heads. His policy was not a harsh crackdown, offering "abrazos, no balazos"" ("hugs, not gunshots"), which confused and demoralized the security forces. He then gave the <a href="/wiki/Guardia_Nacional_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia Nacional (Mexico)">army nation-wide</a> control of security.<a href="#cite_note-auto8-13">[12]</a> A high-profile situation developed in <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a> in October 2019 when <a href="/wiki/Ovidio_Guzm%C3%A1n_L%C3%B3pez" title="Ovidio Guzmán López">Ovidio Guzmán López</a> "El Ratón", son of imprisoned drug mafia head <a href="/wiki/El_Chapo" class="mw-redirect" title="El Chapo">Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán</a>, was captured by a small government force. The mafia responded there with a shootout on the <a href="/wiki/Culiac%C3%A1n" title="Culiacán">Culiacán</a> city streets, resulting in the government freeing Ovidio Guzmán.<a href="#cite_note-355">[353]</a> On 5 January 2023, after six months of planning and vigilance, another military operation took place that resulted in Oviedo Guzmán being captured once more, this time successfully, <a href="/wiki/2023_Sinaloa_unrest" title="2023 Sinaloa unrest">resulting in another fight</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican military">Mexican military</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a> on the streets of Culiacán. This all resulted in the deaths of 10 soldiers and 19 members of the cartel, along with the arrests of 21 other alleged members, without civilian casualties, according to official reports. Most of these deaths occurred during the initial shootout between the military and the Sinaloa Cartel while Guzmán was being detained.<a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a> Obrador claimed that the authorities acted "with responsibility" to protect the civilian population and that the operation was done without any involvement from the U.S. government.<a href="#cite_note-357">[355]</a> Ovidio Guzmán has now been moved to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Social_Readaptation_Center_No._1" title="Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1">"Altiplano"</a> <a href="/wiki/Supermax_prison" title="Supermax prison">maximum security</a> prison in the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a>. He's expected to be eventually <a href="/wiki/Extradited" class="mw-redirect" title="Extradited">extradited</a> to the U.S. per request of the U.S. government since September 2019. Still, he will remain in Mexico while various legal proceedings take place, as the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs">Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a> reported.<a href="#cite_note-358">[356]</a> On the same day, Ernesto Alfredo Piñón de la Cruz "El Neto", leader of the violent criminal organization affiliated with the Sinaloa Cartel known as "<a href="/wiki/Los_Mexicles" title="Los Mexicles">Los Mexicles</a>", was killed by state and federal police while trying to flee from his residence during a police raid in <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Ciudad Juárez">Ciudad Juárez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, just four days after violently escaping prison.<a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[358]</a> López Obrador has acceded to U.S. requests to extradite criminals to the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-361">[359]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, drug mafias have been extorting avocado producers, an ongoing issue especially following the rise in demand in the U.S. for the crop.<a href="#cite_note-362">[360]</a> In April 2020, at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, Mexican drug cartels had been handing out food relief in their core regions. López Obrador called on them instead to end the violence.<a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a> Cartels have been acting with continued impunity in Mexico City, with the <a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a> targeting the chief of its police force, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Garc%C3%ADa_Harfuch" title="Omar García Harfuch">Omar García Harfuch</a> for assassination in an early morning. He survived wounded, but two of his bodyguards and a civilian were killed.<a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a> López Obrador's policy toward drug cartels has been criticized in the press in the United States on an ongoing basis.<a href="#cite_note-npr2020-365">[363]</a> Since 2020, a gradual decrease in intentional <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicides</a> has been shown nationwide in Mexico. In 2020, the amount of reported intentional homicides was 0.4% less than in 2019, further decreasing by 4.6% in 2021 and again in 2022 by 7.1%. López Obrador stated in his 6 January 2022 report that he plans to continue this trend throughout the rest of his presidency. Despite this, 2019 was one of the most violent years in Mexican history, with 34,690 reported intentional homicides.<a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a> The reports conclude that nearly half of all intentional homicides in 2022 occurred in six out of 32 states and that 23 states showed a decrease as high as 13%.<a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a> In the State of <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>, which saw a sharp increase in total homicide rates in 2021 —of 41% in the first 11 months, making it the biggest statewide increase in the country on that year—,<a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a> intentional homicides decreased by 13.76% and total homicides by 7.57% in 2022, according to the Executive Secretary of the National Public Security System (SESNSP).<a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a> Though a nationwide decrease has been perceived, some areas have perceived an increase in 2022. In 17 out of the 50 "priority <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Mexico" title="Municipalities of Mexico">municipalities</a>", where intentional homicides are concentrated, an average increase of 8.5% in such homicides was reported. In contrast, in 32, an average decrease of 24.3% was reported, with <a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morelos" title="Morelos">Morelos</a> being the only municipalities with no reported changes.<a href="#cite_note-370">[368]</a> Plans to legalize the personal use of marijuana missed a 24 October 2019 <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_of_the_Nation" title="Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation">SCJN</a> deadline, which was extended to 30 April 2020, as users, growers, and businesses could not agree on details.<a href="#cite_note-371">[369]</a> In June 2021, the Supreme Court in effect legalized the recreational use of cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-372">[370]</a> As of 2020, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">COVID-19 pandemic</a> interrupted supply chains from China to Mexico that provided the precursor chemicals to create fentanyl and methamphetamine, usually then exported to the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-373">[371]</a> On Monday, 22 January 2024, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit</a> ruled in favor of the Mexican Government regarding a lawsuit filed against several U.S. firearms producers, annulling the case's dismissal by a <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> court in September 2022. The Mexican Government claims that weapons from various gun producers, including <a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson" title="Smith & Wesson">Smith & Wesson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrett_Firearms_Manufacturing" title="Barrett Firearms Manufacturing">Barrett Firearms Manufacturing</a> and several others, are widely used by drug cartels and accuses them of facilitating this through "negligent commercial practices". The lawsuit was originally filed in August 2021, while Marcelo Ebrard was Secretary of Foreign Affairs.<a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a> The ruling was celebrated by Ebrard and the current Secretary of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Alicia_B%C3%A1rcena" title="Alicia Bárcena">Alicia Bárcena</a>, who enthusiastically claimed it was a "great step" and "great news", respectively. Alejandro Celorio, a legal consultant of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs, claims this "is to advance in the accountability of those who negligently trade firearms that violate the peace and security of our country."<a href="#cite_note-375">[373]</a> That same day, Bárcena reported during a morning press conference that weapons exclusively used by the U.S. military had illegally entered Mexican territory, and that the governments of both countries agreed on Friday to investigate this problem. For these reasons, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to Mexico">U.S. Ambassador to Mexico</a> <a href="/wiki/Ken_Salazar" title="Ken Salazar">Ken Salazar</a> announced that the issue of gun trafficking into Mexico will be central to a meeting between politicians of both countries in February,<a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a> though he stated he was unaware of the issue regarding U.S. military weapons being smuggled into Mexico and maintains that the authorities of both countries constantly exchange information about the flow of firearms between them.<a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a> A month prior, Salazar acknowledged that 70% of weapons smuggled into Mexico are of U.S. origin or are manufactured in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a> In March 2023, López Obrador claimed that 70% of homicides in Mexico were committed using weapons from the U.S., criticising the U.S. government for this issue.<a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a> Just eleven days prior to the Court of Appeals' ruling, a U.S. citizen was arrested by the Mexican authorities during a routine check in <a href="/wiki/Agua_Prieta" title="Agua Prieta">Agua Prieta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>, while attempting to cross the border with <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, when it was found that he was trying to smuggle over 1300 .50 caliber cartridges into Mexican territory.<a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_to_femicide_and_women's_activism">Response to femicide and women's activism</h3></div> López Obrador's government has been criticized for failing to combat <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women_in_Mexico" title="Violence against women in Mexico">violence against women in Mexico</a> and its high rate of <a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">femicide</a>, which has risen since 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:14-382">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-383">[381]</a> López Obrador has been accused of being slow to respond to women's demands to act on the issue of femicide.<a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a> After a particularly well-publicized femicide of a kidnapped girl, women marches spiked nationally; as a result, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Head of Government of Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a> (who is also a member of Morena) announced new measures to prevent further femicides in the city,<a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> while López Obrador also announced a package of new measures to address the issue.<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a> Soon after, women's groups called for two days of action, a massive demonstration in Mexico City on <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a> (8 March), following by a strike on 9 March 2020. The Mexico City demonstration had some 80,000 participants. On Monday, 9 March 2020, the second day of action was marked by the absence of women at work, in class, shopping and other public activities. The "Day Without Us" (Día Sin Nosotras) was reported in the international press along with the previous day's demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_2">Foreign policy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_y_Gustavo_Petro_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_y_Gustavo_Petro_2.jpg/220px-Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_y_Gustavo_Petro_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_y_Gustavo_Petro_2.jpg/330px-Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_y_Gustavo_Petro_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_y_Gustavo_Petro_2.jpg/440px-Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_y_Gustavo_Petro_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5731" data-file-height="3825" /></a><figcaption>López Obrador with Colombian President <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a> in September 2023</figcaption></figure> On 7 November 2023, López Obrador called for a ceasefire in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration_and_U.S._pressure">Immigration and U.S. pressure</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Welcomes_the_President_of_Mexico_to_the_White_House_(50090910788).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/President_Trump_Welcomes_the_President_of_Mexico_to_the_White_House_%2850090910788%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Welcomes_the_President_of_Mexico_to_the_White_House_%2850090910788%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/President_Trump_Welcomes_the_President_of_Mexico_to_the_White_House_%2850090910788%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Welcomes_the_President_of_Mexico_to_the_White_House_%2850090910788%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/President_Trump_Welcomes_the_President_of_Mexico_to_the_White_House_%2850090910788%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Welcomes_the_President_of_Mexico_to_the_White_House_%2850090910788%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Obrador with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in July 2020</figcaption></figure> The Trump administration in the U.S. pressed for building a wall on Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">northern border</a>, and it also implemented measures attempting to stem the flow of migrants from Central America and other regions of the world. Although López Obrador expressed sympathy with migrants during his campaign, when the number of migrants surged, the U.S. threatened his government with trade sanctions, which led him to solidify the southern border. Government forces broke up <a href="/wiki/Migrant_caravans" class="mw-redirect" title="Migrant caravans">migrant caravans</a> heading through Mexico to the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> At the northern border, Mexico is now the stopping point for migrants sent back to Mexico by U.S. immigration authorities awaiting adjudication of their asylum claims.<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> Citing widespread corruption, López Obrador dismantled the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">Federal Police</a> and incorporated elements of it into the recently created <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Mexico)" title="National Guard (Mexico)">National Guard</a>, which has been employed to stop Central American immigrants at the southern border.<a href="#cite_note-auto8-13">[12]</a> In March 2023, López Obrador was sharply critical of some "hypocritical" <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> lawmakers, in particular <a href="/wiki/Dan_Crenshaw" title="Dan Crenshaw">Dan Crenshaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a>, for introducing bills that would authorize the U.S. military to invade Mexico and attack drug cartels, declaring that "we remind those hypocritical and irresponsible politicians that Mexico is an independent and free country, not a colony or a protectorate of the United States."<a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_asylum_of_Evo_Morales">Political asylum of Evo Morales</h4></div> Former Bolivian President <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/2019_Bolivian_political_crisis" title="2019 Bolivian political crisis">forced to resign</a> amid allegations of fraud in October's presidential election, fled Bolivia during the night of 11 November 2019 on a plane for Mexico, which offered him asylum. Mexican Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a> said his country decided to grant asylum "for humanitarian reasons, and given the urgent situation faced in Bolivia".<a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a> AMLO had Mexican government airplane sent to pick him up. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Views_on_Donald_Trump">Views on Donald Trump</h4></div> López Obrador defended former U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> against a potential <a href="/wiki/New_York_criminal_investigation_of_The_Trump_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="New York criminal investigation of The Trump Organization">indictment</a>, saying that "Right now, former President Trump is declaring that they are going to arrest him. If that were the case...it would be so that his name doesn't appear on the ballot."<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a> The same month, he criticized the United States, saying the country is "anti-democratic" in seeking to arrest <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> and deny Trump an opportunity to seek re-election. He also referenced the allegations that the U.S. is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a>, saying, "If we are talking about acts of violence, how is it that an award-winning journalist in the United States claims that the US government sabotaged the gas pipeline from Russia to Europe?" and criticized the <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> epidemic in America.<a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> Early in his presidency, López Obrador declared in February 2019 that his government would no longer fund environmental <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGOs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a> Around 6.2 billion Mexican pesos (around USD$321 million at the time) in funding was cut. In 2020 he cut funding to Mexico's <a href="/wiki/National_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks">national parks</a> service, the National Commission of Protected Areas (<a href="/wiki/CONANP" class="mw-redirect" title="CONANP">CONANP</a>), by 75 percent<a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a> and also cut 75 percent of the budget of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (<a href="/wiki/INAH" class="mw-redirect" title="INAH">INAH</a> which oversees more than 100,000 heritage and archaeological sites, museums and monuments.<a href="#cite_note-400">[398]</a> Over the six years of his presidency, López Obrador's government continued to cut funding for environmental protection. Between 2018 and 2023, Mexico's environment department received 35% less money than under the previous government, according to an analysis of Mexico's 2024 budget, including funding cuts to the environmental department of US$510 million (9 billion pesos) or 11% in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-401">[399]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plans_for_historical_commemorations">Plans for historical commemorations</h3></div> Major historical commemorations took place in 2021. The events are the founding of <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a> (although the date of its founding is often given as 1325); the 1521 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tenochtitlan" title="Fall of Tenochtitlan">fall of Tenochtitlan</a>; and the 1821 consummation of Mexican independence.<a href="#cite_note-402">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[401]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral">Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral</a> is being repaired, along with other colonial-era buildings in advance of the commemorations.<a href="#cite_note-404">[402]</a> During conmemorations, he apologized in the name of Mexico to indigenous peoples and Mexicans of Chinese descent for historical abuses.<a href="#cite_note-405">[403]</a> López Obrador invited King <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe VI of Spain">Felipe VI of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> to Mexico for the commemorations, and asked them to apologize for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">conquest of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-406">[404]</a> The Pope declined the invitation, saying he had apologized in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021_midterm_elections">2021 midterm elections</h3></div> In the June 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Mexican_legislative_election" title="2021 Mexican legislative election">midterm elections</a>, López Obrador's <a href="/wiki/Juntos_Hacemos_Historia" title="Juntos Hacemos Historia">Juntos Hacemos Historia</a> coalition lost seats in the lower house of Congress. However, his ruling coalition maintained a simple majority, but López Obrador failed to secure a two-thirds congressional supermajority. The main opposition was a coalition of Mexico's three traditional parties: the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">PRI</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">PAN</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">PRD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-408">[406]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_honour">National honour</h3></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: Grand Master and Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a> (1 December 2018).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_honors">International honors</h3></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>: Great Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Quetzal" title="Order of the Quetzal">Order of the Quetzal</a> (5 May 2022).<a href="#cite_note-409">[407]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>: Grand Cross of the Order of José Cecilio del Valle (6 May 2022).<a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>: Medal of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="Order of José Martí">Order of José Martí</a> (8 May 2022).<a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_No_Tobacco_Day_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="World No Tobacco Day Award">World No Tobacco Day Award</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-412">[410]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_named_after_López_Obrador">Places named after López Obrador</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Statue of Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Statue of Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a></div> In October 2019, López Obrador said he wanted to retire in peace once he left the presidency and did not want any streets or statues named for him. Nevertheless, on 18 July 2020, the newspaper <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> published a list of places that bear his name:<a href="#cite_note-413">[411]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>López Obrador Street, Tezontitla, <a href="/wiki/Xochimilco" title="Xochimilco">Xochimilco</a>, Mexico City (since 2003)</li> <li>Avenida López Obrador, San Vicente Chicolapa de Juárez, <a href="/wiki/Chimalhuac%C3%A1n" title="Chimalhuacán">Chimalhuacán</a>, State of Mexico</li> <li>A neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Arcelia_(municipality)" title="Arcelia (municipality)">Arcelia municipality</a>, Guerrero</li> <li>An alley in La Montaña de Guerrero, <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>, Guerrero</li> <li>A street in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista_Tuxtepec" title="San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec">San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec</a>, Oaxaca</li> <li>A street in La Concepción, <a href="/wiki/Jilotepec,_Veracruz" title="Jilotepec, Veracruz">Jilotepec, Veracruz</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador1986" class="citation book cs1">López Obrador, Andrés Manuel (1986). Los Primeros Pasos, Tabasco, 1810-1867. Villahermosa, Tabasco: Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21117234">21117234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+Primeros+Pasos%2C+Tabasco%2C+1810-1867&rft.place=Villahermosa%2C+Tabasco&rft.pub=Universidad+Ju%C3%A1rez+Aut%C3%B3noma+de+Tabasco&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21117234&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador1988" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (1988). Del esplendor a la sombra: la República restaurada, Tabasco 1867-1876. Villahermosa, Tabasco: Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48297841">48297841</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Del+esplendor+a+la+sombra%3A+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+restaurada%2C+Tabasco+1867-1876&rft.place=Villahermosa%2C+Tabasco&rft.pub=Universidad+Ju%C3%A1rez+Aut%C3%B3noma+de+Tabasco&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48297841&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador1990" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (1990). Tabasco, Víctima de un Fraude. Mexico City: Nuestro tiempo. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/651573248">651573248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabasco%2C+V%C3%ADctima+de+un+Fraude&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Nuestro+tiempo&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F651573248&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador1996" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (1996). Entre la Historia y la Esperanza: corrupción y lucha democrática en Tabasco. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/906604879">906604879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entre+la+Historia+y+la+Esperanza%3A+corrupci%C3%B3n+y+lucha+democr%C3%A1tica+en+Tabasco&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F906604879&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador1999" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (1999). Fobaproa, expediente abierto: reseña y archivo. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/654341802">654341802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fobaproa%2C+expediente+abierto%3A+rese%C3%B1a+y+archivo&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F654341802&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2004" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2004). Un proyecto alternativo de nación: hacia un cambio verdadero. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9685956979" title="Special:BookSources/9685956979"><bdi>9685956979</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+proyecto+alternativo+de+naci%C3%B3n%3A+hacia+un+cambio+verdadero&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9685956979&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2005" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2005). Contra el desafuero: mi defensa jurídica. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9685957908" title="Special:BookSources/9685957908"><bdi>9685957908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contra+el+desafuero%3A+mi+defensa+jur%C3%ADdica&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9685957908&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2007" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2007). La mafia nos robó la Presidencia. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789707802155" title="Special:BookSources/9789707802155"><bdi>9789707802155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+mafia+nos+rob%C3%B3+la+Presidencia&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789707802155&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2008" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2008). La gran tentación: el petróleo de México. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789708105651" title="Special:BookSources/9789708105651"><bdi>9789708105651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+gran+tentaci%C3%B3n%3A+el+petr%C3%B3leo+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789708105651&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2010" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2010). La mafia que se adueñó de México... y el 2012. Mexico City: Grijalbo Mondadori. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786073100694" title="Special:BookSources/9786073100694"><bdi>9786073100694</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+mafia+que+se+adue%C3%B1%C3%B3+de+M%C3%A9xico...+y+el+2012&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo+Mondadori&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9786073100694&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2012" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2012). No decir adiós a la esperanza. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786073113434" title="Special:BookSources/9786073113434"><bdi>9786073113434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+decir+adi%C3%B3s+a+la+esperanza&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9786073113434&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2014" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2014). Neoporfirismo hoy como ayer. Mexico City: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786073123129" title="Special:BookSources/9786073123129"><bdi>9786073123129</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neoporfirismo+hoy+como+ayer&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9786073123129&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2015" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2015). El poder en el trópico. Mexico City: Planeta mexicana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786070728211" title="Special:BookSources/9786070728211"><bdi>9786070728211</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+poder+en+el+tr%C3%B3pico&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Planeta+mexicana&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9786070728211&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2016" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2016). Catarino Erasmo Garza Rodríguez ¿Revolucionario o Bandido?. México City: Planeta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786070733314" title="Special:BookSources/9786070733314"><bdi>9786070733314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catarino+Erasmo+Garza+Rodr%C3%ADguez+%C2%BFRevolucionario+o+Bandido%3F&rft.place=M%C3%A9xico+City&rft.pub=Planeta&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9786070733314&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2017" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2017). 2018 La salida. Decadencia y renacimiento de México. Mexico City: Planeta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786070738739" title="Special:BookSources/9786070738739"><bdi>9786070738739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2018+La+salida.+Decadencia+y+renacimiento+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Planeta&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9786070738739&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2017" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2017). Oye, Trump. Mexico City: Planeta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786070742644" title="Special:BookSources/9786070742644"><bdi>9786070742644</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oye%2C+Trump&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Planeta&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9786070742644&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2019" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2019). Hacia una economía moral. Mexico City: Planeta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786070764820" title="Special:BookSources/9786070764820"><bdi>9786070764820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hacia+una+econom%C3%ADa+moral&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Planeta&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9786070764820&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Obrador2021" class="citation book cs1">—————————————— (2021). A la mitad del camino. Mexico City: Planeta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786070780950" title="Special:BookSources/9786070780950"><bdi>9786070780950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+la+mitad+del+camino&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Planeta&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9786070780950&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n_es_el_se%C3%B1or_L%C3%B3pez%3F" title="¿Quién es el señor López?">¿Quién es el señor López?</a> – a 2006 documentary film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico" title="History of Mexico">History of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_democracy_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="History of democracy in Mexico">History of democracy in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mexico" title="Politics of Mexico">Politics of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Mexican Drug War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Transformation" title="Fourth Transformation">Fourth Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Morena was not officially registered as a political party until 10 July 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> Dropped out of the race, but votes towards her will be counted </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lopezobrador.org.mx/semblanza/">"Semblanza"</a>. Lopezobrador.org.mx (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223013416/http://lopezobrador.org.mx/semblanza/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lopezobrador.org.mx&rft.atitle=Semblanza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flopezobrador.org.mx%2Fsemblanza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Resignation-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Resignation_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Resignation_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafael_López2024" class="citation web cs1">Rafael López (23 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milenio.com/politica/amlo-confirma-renuncia-militancia-partido-morena">"AMLO renuncia a la militancia de Morena: "me voy contento""</a>. Milenio. Retrieved 29 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milenio&rft.atitle=AMLO+renuncia+a+la+militancia+de+Morena%3A+%22me+voy+contento%22&rft.date=2024-09-23&rft.au=Rafael+L%C3%B3pez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milenio.com%2Fpolitica%2Famlo-confirma-renuncia-militancia-partido-morena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111350/https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/estructuras/andres-manuel-lopez-obrador">"Andrés Manuel López Obrador"</a>. gob.mx (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gob.mx/presidencia/estructuras/andres-manuel-lopez-obrador">the original</a> on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gob.mx&rft.atitle=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gob.mx%2Fpresidencia%2Festructuras%2Fandres-manuel-lopez-obrador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonica_Campbell2004" class="citation news cs1">Monica Campbell (17 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0317/p06s01-woam.html">"Clean and austere: Mexico's next president?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503030503/http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0317/p06s01-woam.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Clean+and+austere%3A+Mexico%27s+next+president%3F&rft.date=2004-03-17&rft.au=Monica+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2004%2F0317%2Fp06s01-woam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2005/04/25/index.php?session=yGGAHAhdSQsfxIR2u18GHHDD8s">"Más de un millón repudiaron el abuso del poder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a> (in Spanish). April 25, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503045351/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2005/04/25/index.php?session=yGGAHAhdSQsfxIR2u18GHHDD8s">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2008. Retrieved June 16, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=M%C3%A1s+de+un+mill%C3%B3n+repudiaron+el+abuso+del+poder&rft.date=2005-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.unam.mx%2F2005%2F04%2F25%2Findex.php%3Fsession%3DyGGAHAhdSQsfxIR2u18GHHDD8s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2008/10/30/ilegal-la-campana-empresarial-del-2006-contra-amlo-tepjf-29024.html">"Ilegal la campaña empresarial del 2006 contra AMLO: TEPJF"</a>. Proceso (in Spanish). 30 October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217022212/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2008/10/30/ilegal-la-campana-empresarial-del-2006-contra-amlo-tepjf-29024.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Proceso&rft.atitle=Ilegal+la+campa%C3%B1a+empresarial+del+2006+contra+AMLO%3A+TEPJF&rft.date=2008-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proceso.com.mx%2Fnacional%2F2008%2F10%2F30%2Filegal-la-campana-empresarial-del-2006-contra-amlo-tepjf-29024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5007800.stm">"Campaign row heats up in Mexico"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 23 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209112004/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5007800.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2006. Retrieved 16 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Campaign+row+heats+up+in+Mexico&rft.date=2006-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F5007800.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/09/07/index.php?section=politica&article=003n1pol">"En breve acto, Calderón recibe constancia de presidente electo - La Jornada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217022212/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/09/07/index.php?section=politica&article=003n1pol">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=En+breve+acto%2C+Calder%C3%B3n+recibe+constancia+de+presidente+electo+-+La+Jornada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.com.mx%2F2006%2F09%2F07%2Findex.php%3Fsection%3Dpolitica%26article%3D003n1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alborada.net/lopez-obrador-mexico-election-left/">"Lopez Obrador Progressive"</a>. Apboroda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925225120/https://alborada.net/lopez-obrador-mexico-election-left/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apboroda&rft.atitle=Lopez+Obrador+Progressive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falborada.net%2Flopez-obrador-mexico-election-left%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economistPopulist-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-economistPopulist_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-economistPopulist_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21718906-mexico-city-we-have-problem-mexicos-populist-would-be-president">"Mexico's populist would-be president"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 16 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812070614/https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21718906-mexico-city-we-have-problem-mexicos-populist-would-be-president">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018. <q>A figure of national consequence for more than 20 years...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+populist+would-be+president&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F21718906-mexico-city-we-have-problem-mexicos-populist-would-be-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2019" class="citation news cs1">Romero, Luis Gómez (8 February 2019) [February 8, 2019]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psmag.com/economics/combatting-corruption-in-mexico-through-austerity">"López Obrador Takes on Corruption and Poverty in Mexico Through Austerity"</a>. Pacific Standard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219223937/https://psmag.com/economics/combatting-corruption-in-mexico-through-austerity">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Standard&rft.atitle=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+Takes+on+Corruption+and+Poverty+in+Mexico+Through+Austerity&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Luis+G%C3%B3mez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsmag.com%2Feconomics%2Fcombatting-corruption-in-mexico-through-austerity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto8-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto8_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto8_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto8_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto8_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto8_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto8_13-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrauze2020" class="citation news cs1">Krauze, Enrique (2 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2020/07/02/lopez-obrador-mexicos-ruinous-messiah/">"Mexico's Ruinous Messiah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7504">0028-7504</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101103920/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2020/07/02/lopez-obrador-mexicos-ruinous-messiah/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+Ruinous+Messiah&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.issn=0028-7504&rft.aulast=Krauze&rft.aufirst=Enrique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2020%2F07%2F02%2Flopez-obrador-mexicos-ruinous-messiah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArredondo2018" class="citation web cs1">Arredondo, Alejandra (22 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanoticias.com/a/mexico-perfil-vida-lopez-obrador-activista-presidente/4670115.html">"La vida de López Obrador: de activista a presidente"</a>. La Voz de América (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Agency_for_Global_Media" title="U.S. Agency for Global Media">U.S. Agency for Global Media</a>, formerly Broadcasting Board of Governors). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190827234946/https://www.voanoticias.com/a/mexico-perfil-vida-lopez-obrador-activista-presidente/4670115.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019. <q>López Obrador es el hijo de dos comerciantes de Tabasco. Nació el 13 de noviembre del 1953 en Villa Tepetitán, municipio Macuspana.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+vida+de+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador%3A+de+activista+a+presidente&rft.pub=La+Voz+de+Am%C3%A9rica+%28U.S.+Agency+for+Global+Media%2C+formerly+Broadcasting+Board+of+Governors%29&rft.date=2018-11-22&rft.aulast=Arredondo&rft.aufirst=Alejandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanoticias.com%2Fa%2Fmexico-perfil-vida-lopez-obrador-activista-presidente%2F4670115.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201209112754/https://morena.si/archivos/16529">"El origen de López Obrador en sus propias palabras"</a>. Morena. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002340776_mextraffic19.html">the original</a> on 22 November 2007. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/408253.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linchan+a+agentes+de+la+PFP+en+Tl%C3%A1huac&rft.pub=EsMas.com&rft.date=2004-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esmas.com%2Fnoticierostelevisa%2Fmexico%2F408253.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503094652/http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/408258.html">"La PJDF rescata a agente de la PFP"</a> (in Spanish). EsMas.com. 23 November 2004. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/408889.html">the original</a> on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22No+estoy+justificando+lo+injustificable%22%3A+Encinas&rft.pub=EsMas.com&rft.date=2004-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esmas.com%2Fnoticierostelevisa%2Fmexico%2F408889.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco_Barradas2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Francisco Barradas (25 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080618165414/http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/408719.html">"Explota "Jefe Diego" Vs. usos y costumbres"</a> (in Spanish). EsMas.com. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulane.edu/~libweb/RESTRICTED/WEEKLY/2004_11228.txt">the original</a> (TXT) on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mexico%3A+Federal+Cops+Lynched&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Tulane+University&rft.date=2004-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tulane.edu%2F~libweb%2FRESTRICTED%2FWEEKLY%2F2004_11228.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolaños2005" class="citation web cs1">Bolaños, Ángel (10 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/2005/02/10/index.php?section=capital&article=040n1cap">"El nombramiento de Ebrard, ni desafío ni para apuntalarlo hacia 2006: el GDF"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171346/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2005/02/10/index.php?section=capital&article=040n1cap">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022. 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April 6, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112203531/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A28426-2005Apr5.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2012. 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April 20, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503081120/http://www.economist.com/World/la/displayStory.cfm?story_id=6829296">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2008. 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El País (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217022213/https://elpais.com/diario/2005/07/07/internacional/1120687215_850215.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022. 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Retrieved 17 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Lopez+Obrador+Plans+Protest+Camps+to+Press+Recount+%28Update1%29&rft.date=2006-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D20601086%26sid%3DaNsnNRANcLuE%26refer%3Dlatin_america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120712230447/http://mx.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200609051550_INF_364930&idtel=">"(TEPJF) Injerencia de Fox, mayor irregularidad: Navarro"</a> (in Spanish). Invertia.com. 5 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mx.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200609051550_INF_364930&idtel=">the original</a> on 12 July 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mx.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200609051445_INF_364881&idtel=">the original</a> on 12 July 2012. 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Retrieved June 16, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Precisan+recuento%3A+9.07%25+de+las+casillas+en+149+distritos&rft.date=2006-08-05&rft.au=Jorge+Herrera%2C+Arturo+Z%C3%A1rate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F366854.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/389114.html">"Rinde AMLO protesta como "presidente legítimo" – El Universal – Sucesión"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118162332/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/389114.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Rinde+AMLO+protesta+como+%22presidente+leg%C3%ADtimo%22+%E2%80%93+El+Universal+%E2%80%93+Sucesi%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F389114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008124407/http://www.lopezobrador.org.mx/noticias/discursos.html?id=51494">"Somos respetuosos de la autoridad electoral, pero ganamos la Presidencia, subraya López Obrador"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lopezobrador.org.mx/noticias/discursos.html?id%3D51494">the original</a> on 8 October 2007. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.el-universal.com.mx/notas/366854.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2009. 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Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+razones+para+resistencia+civil&rft.pub=Eluniversal.com.mx&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F367573.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/09/17/index.php?section=politica&article=003n1pol">"AMLO, presidente legítimo; toma posesión el 20 de noviembre: CND"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219223931/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/09/17/index.php?section=politica&article=003n1pol">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=AMLO%2C+presidente+leg%C3%ADtimo%3B+toma+posesi%C3%B3n+el+20+de+noviembre%3A+CND&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.com.mx%2F2006%2F09%2F17%2Findex.php%3Fsection%3Dpolitica%26article%3D003n1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928043501/http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=83167">"Nacional | Plantea AMLO: soy presidente o resistencia"</a>. El Porvenir. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=83167">the original</a> on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Porvenir&rft.atitle=Nacional+%26%23124%3B+Plantea+AMLO%3A+soy+presidente+o+resistencia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elporvenir.com.mx%2Fnotas.asp%3Fnota_id%3D83167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/372599.html">"Informe: "Sí se pudo": simpatizantes de AMLO en Zócalo – El Universal – México"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203103958/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/372599.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Informe%3A+%22S%C3%AD+se+pudo%22%3A+simpatizantes+de+AMLO+en+Z%C3%B3calo+%E2%80%93+El+Universal+%E2%80%93+M%C3%A9xico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F372599.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510125027/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/09/02/003n1pol.php">"La toma de la tribuna impide a Fox leer mensaje al Congreso"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/09/02/003n1pol.php">the original</a> on 10 May 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+toma+de+la+tribuna+impide+a+Fox+leer+mensaje+al+Congreso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.unam.mx%2F2006%2F09%2F02%2F003n1pol.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcos2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arcos, Eduardo (1 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hipertextual.com/2006/09/lopez-obrador-pide-no-moverse-del-zocalo">"López Obrador pide no moverse del Zócalo"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hipertextual&rft.atitle=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+pide+no+moverse+del+Z%C3%B3calo&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.aulast=Arcos&rft.aufirst=Eduardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhipertextual.com%2F2006%2F09%2Flopez-obrador-pide-no-moverse-del-zocalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/146101.html">"7 de cada 10 desaprueban eventual boicot al cambio de poderes – El Universal – México"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121009094207/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/146101.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=7+de+cada+10+desaprueban+eventual+boicot+al+cambio+de+poderes+%E2%80%93+El+Universal+%E2%80%93+M%C3%A9xico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F146101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_111-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2006/09/17/internacional/1158454412.html">"La izquierda mexicana proclama a López Obrador 'presidente legítimo' del país"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elmundo.es&rft.atitle=La+izquierda+mexicana+proclama+a+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+%27presidente+leg%C3%ADtimo%27+del+pa%C3%ADs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Felmundo%2F2006%2F09%2F17%2Finternacional%2F1158454412.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/09/12/index.php?section=politica&article=007n1pol">"La convención democrática sentará las bases de una nueva República: AMLO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219033522/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/09/12/index.php?section=politica&article=007n1pol">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. 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Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Requires+subscription&rft.pub=Elnorte.com&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnorte.com%2Fnacional%2Farticulo%2F692815%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elnorte.com/nacional/articulo/693602/">"Requires Subscription"</a>. Elnorte.com. 6 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108213443/https://www.elnorte.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?__rval=1&urlredirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnorte.com%2Fnacional%2Farticulo%2F693602%2F%3Freferer%3D--7d616165662f3a3a6262623b70797b7a6761703b767a783a--">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Requires+Subscription&rft.pub=Elnorte.com&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnorte.com%2Fnacional%2Farticulo%2F693602%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/389000.html">"Pone AMLO en peligro paz de México: El País – El Universal – Sucesión"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126223621/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/389000.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Pone+AMLO+en+peligro+paz+de+M%C3%A9xico%3A+El+Pa%C3%ADs+%E2%80%93+El+Universal+%E2%80%93+Sucesi%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F389000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/389076.html">"AMLO no usurpa funciones como "presidente legítimo": PRI – El Universal – Sucesión"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126234920/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/389076.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=AMLO+no+usurpa+funciones+como+%22presidente+leg%C3%ADtimo%22%3A+PRI+%E2%80%93+El+Universal+%E2%80%93+Sucesi%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F389076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Jornada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/11/19/index.php?section=politica&article=020o1pol">"A la mitad del foro – La Jornada"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+la+mitad+del+foro+%E2%80%93+La+Jornada&rft.pub=Jornada.unam.mx&rft.au=La+Jornada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.unam.mx%2F2006%2F11%2F19%2Findex.php%3Fsection%3Dpolitica%26article%3D020o1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmir_Olivares_Alonso2006" class="citation news cs1">Emir Olivares Alonso (21 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/11/21/index.php?section=politica&article=008n1pol">"El acto de López Obrador, por reclamo social, no por capricho: el obispo Vera"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209065749/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/11/21/index.php?section=politica&article=008n1pol">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=El+acto+de+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador%2C+por+reclamo+social%2C+no+por+capricho%3A+el+obispo+Vera&rft.date=2006-11-21&rft.au=Emir+Olivares+Alonso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.unam.mx%2F2006%2F11%2F21%2Findex.php%3Fsection%3Dpolitica%26article%3D008n1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gruporeforma.elnorte.com/graficoanimado/encuestas/amlo_nombramiento/">""Reprueban nombramiento de AMLO", by Grupo Reforma -In Spanish- (requires subscription)"</a>. Gruporeforma.elnorte.com. 6 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108213442/https://www.elnorte.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?__rval=1&urlredirect=https%3A%2F%2Fgruporeforma.elnorte.com%2Fgraficoanimado%2Fencuestas%2Famlo_nombramiento%2F%3Freferer%3D--7d616165662f3a3a726760657a6770737a6778743b70797b7a6761703b767a783a--">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Reprueban+nombramiento+de+AMLO%22%2C+by+Grupo+Reforma+-In+Spanish-+%28requires+subscription%29&rft.pub=Gruporeforma.elnorte.com&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgruporeforma.elnorte.com%2Fgraficoanimado%2Fencuestas%2Famlo_nombramiento%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/4480518.html">Calderon signs accord to contain tortilla prices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629034503/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/4480518.html">Archived</a> 29 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "The accord limits tortilla prices to 8.50 pesos ($0.78) per kilogram and threatens prison sentences of up to 10 years for companies found hoarding corn." </li> <li id="cite_note-cpcomgs-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cpcomgs_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpcomgs_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930072218/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=acaQHjtF96DQ">"Calderon Proposes Cap on Mexican Government Salaries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>. 23 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=acaQHjtF96DQ">the original</a> on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Calderon+Proposes+Cap+on+Mexican+Government+Salaries&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D20601086%26sid%3DacaQHjtF96DQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagarRomero2008" class="citation journal cs1">Magar, Eric; Romero, Vidal (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-090X2008000100013">"México: Reformas pese a un gobierno dividido"</a>. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago). 28 (1): 265–285. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-090X2008000100013">10.4067/S0718-090X2008000100013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0718-090X">0718-090X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+ciencia+pol%C3%ADtica+%28Santiago%29&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9xico%3A+Reformas+pese+a+un+gobierno+dividido&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E265-%3C%2Fspan%3E285&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0718-090X2008000100013&rft.issn=0718-090X&rft.aulast=Magar&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Romero%2C+Vidal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4067%252FS0718-090X2008000100013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivares_Alonso2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olivares Alonso, Emir (21 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/11/21/index.php?section=politica&article=008n1pol">"El acto de López Obrador, por reclamo social, no por capricho: el obispo Vera"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912111628/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2006/11/21/index.php?section=politica&article=008n1pol">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=El+acto+de+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador%2C+por+reclamo+social%2C+no+por+capricho%3A+el+obispo+Vera&rft.date=2006-11-21&rft.aulast=Olivares+Alonso&rft.aufirst=Emir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.com.mx%2F2006%2F11%2F21%2Findex.php%3Fsection%3Dpolitica%26article%3D008n1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGómezAndrea_Merlos2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gómez, Ricardo; Andrea Merlos (9 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/497100.html">"Reforma energética, una privatización encubierta: González Garza"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921221034/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/497100.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reforma+energ%C3%A9tica%2C+una+privatizaci%C3%B3n+encubierta%3A+Gonz%C3%A1lez+Garza&rft.date=2008-04-09&rft.aulast=G%C3%B3mez&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft.au=Andrea+Merlos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F497100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuñoz2008" class="citation web cs1">Muñoz, Alma (20 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/2008/06/20/index.php?section=politica&article=011n1pol">"Se reactivará la toma del Congreso si PRI-AN pretended aprobar la venta de Pemex: AMLO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171930/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2008/06/20/index.php?section=politica&article=011n1pol">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=Se+reactivar%C3%A1+la+toma+del+Congreso+si+PRI-AN+pretended+aprobar+la+venta+de+Pemex%3A+AMLO&rft.date=2008-06-20&rft.aulast=Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.aufirst=Alma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.com.mx%2F2008%2F06%2F20%2Findex.php%3Fsection%3Dpolitica%26article%3D011n1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZárateAndrea_MerlosRicardo_Gómez2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zárate, Arturo; Andrea Merlos; Ricardo Gómez (15 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/498585.html">"Rechaza el FAP debate de 50 días"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211024714/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/498585.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2009. 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CNNExpansión. 5 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406150421/http://www.cnnexpansion.com/economia/2011/11/15/6-propuestas-economicas-de-amlo">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNNExpansi%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Las+6+promesas+econ%C3%B3micas+de+AMLO&rft.date=2011-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Feconomia%2F2011%2F11%2F15%2F6-propuestas-economicas-de-amlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilson-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wilson_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wilson_131-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wilson_131-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wilson_131-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wilson_131-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2012" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Tim (8 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210222857/http://www.insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/2189-mexico-presidential-candidates-play-it-safe-with-security-plans">"Mexico Presidential Candidates Play it Safe with Security Plans"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InSight+Crime&rft.atitle=Mexico+Presidential+Candidates+Play+it+Safe+with+Security+Plans&rft.date=2012-02-08&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insightcrime.org%2Finsight-latest-news%2Fitem%2F2189-mexico-presidential-candidates-play-it-safe-with-security-plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">García, Jacobo (28 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/america/2012/05/28/mexico/www.elmundo.es/america/2012/05/28/mexico/1338234356.html">"Los candidatos mexicanos, cara a cara con las víctimas de la violencia"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador%3A+Drilling+to+the+root+of+Mexico%27s+pain&rft.date=2012-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fopinion%2Fsunday-commentary%2F20120614-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-drilling-to-the-root-of-mexicos-pain.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnnwar-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnnwar_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnnwar_135-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoichet2012" class="citation news cs1">Shoichet, Catherine E. 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Retrieved 25 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Mexican+election+could+mean+drug+war+strategy+shift%2C+U.S.+officials+say&rft.date=2012-06-24&rft.aulast=Shoichet&rft.aufirst=Catherine+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2012%2F06%2F24%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fu-s-mexico-election-impact%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_bn2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201072454/http://www.amlo.org.mx/gabinete2012/index.html">"Sitio Oficial de Andrés Manuel López Obrador"</a> (in Spanish). 31 March 2012. 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Retrieved 4 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Vote+buying+alleged%2C+recount+demanded+in+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fvote-buying-alleged-recount-demanded-in-mexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/es/americas/20120831-tribunal-electoral-rechaza-invalidar-eleccion-de-enrique-pena-nieto">"Tribunal electoral rechaza invalidar la elección de Enrique Peña Nieto"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=Tribunal+electoral+rechaza+invalidar+la+elecci%C3%B3n+de+Enrique+Pe%C3%B1a+Nieto&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fes%2Famericas%2F20120831-tribunal-electoral-rechaza-invalidar-eleccion-de-enrique-pena-nieto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lopezobradorvotes-140"><a href="#cite_ref-lopezobradorvotes_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/07/2012722615392786.html/">"Pena Nieto set to become Mexico's president"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 3 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719064902/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/07/2012722615392786.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Pena+Nieto+set+to+become+Mexico%27s+president&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F2012%2F07%2F2012722615392786.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lure-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lure_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lure_141-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2012" class="citation news cs1">Diaz, Lizbeth (9 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-election-idUSBRE8680M320120709">"Mexican leftist refuses to accept election result"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716130958/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/09/us-mexico-election-idUSBRE8680M320120709">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mexican+leftist+refuses+to+accept+election+result&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Lizbeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mexico-election-idUSBRE8680M320120709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuintero2012" class="citation web cs1">Quintero, Josefina (6 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.com.mx/2012/07/06/capital/039n2cap">"Las tarjetas Soriana que dio el PRI tienen dinero: poseedores"</a>. Jornada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911191805/http://www.jornada.com.mx/2012/07/06/capital/039n2cap">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2018. 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Retrieved 19 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+president-elect+vows+to+imprison+vote+buyers&rft.date=2012-07-15&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2F2012%2F07%2F15%2F2897126%2Fmexicos-president-elect-vows-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJo_Tuckman" class="citation news cs1">Jo Tuckman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/mexico-elections-shadow-pena-nieto">"Mexico elections: claims of dirty tricks cast shadow over Peña Nieto's victory | World news"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006141546/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/mexico-elections-shadow-pena-nieto">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2016. 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Retrieved 10 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-candidate+quits+Mexico+leftist+party&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F2012%2F09%2F20129102361062341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expansion.mx/nacional/2012/09/13/la-separacion-de-lopez-obrador-del-prd-fue-un-divorcio-por-conveniencia">"LA SEPARACIÓN DE LÓPEZ OBRADOR DEL PRD FUE UN "DIVORCIO POR CONVENIENCIA""</a>. 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Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=LA+SEPARACI%C3%93N+DE+L%C3%93PEZ+OBRADOR+DEL+PRD+FUE+UN+%22DIVORCIO+POR+CONVENIENCIA%22&rft.date=2012-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2012%2F09%2F13%2Fla-separacion-de-lopez-obrador-del-prd-fue-un-divorcio-por-conveniencia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animalpolitico.com/2012/11/solo-21-a-favor-que-morena-sea-partido-politico-parametria/">"Sólo 21% a favor que Morena sea partido político: Parametría"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Politico&rft.atitle=S%C3%B3lo+21%25+a+favor+que+Morena+sea+partido+pol%C3%ADtico%3A+Parametr%C3%ADa&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animalpolitico.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fsolo-21-a-favor-que-morena-sea-partido-politico-parametria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aristeguinoticias.com/0701/mexico/solicita-morena-al-ife-su-registro-como-partido-politico/">"Solicita Morena al IFE su registro como partido político"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aristegui+Noticias&rft.atitle=Solicita+Morena+al+IFE+su+registro+como+partido+pol%C3%ADtico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faristeguinoticias.com%2F0701%2Fmexico%2Fsolicita-morena-al-ife-su-registro-como-partido-politico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLara_Paz" class="citation web cs1">Lara Paz, Ana Paola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvsnoticias.com/#!/noticias/amlo-indico-que-se-salio-del-prd-porque-los-dirigentes-de-ese-partido-se-fueron-con-enrique-pena-nieto-y-traicionaron-al-pueblo-55">"AMLO indicó que se salió del PRD porque los dirigentes de ese partido se fueron con EPN y traicionaron al pueblo"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=As+Mexico+vote+looms%2C+leftist%27s+support+jumps+to+52+percent%3A+poll&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mexico-election-poll%2Fmexicos-lopez-obrador-party-widen-lead-ahead-of-july-vote-poll-idUSKCN1IV1CJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAristegui2018" class="citation web cs1">Aristegui, Carmen (8 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aristeguinoticias.com/0804/mexico/arremete-fox-contra-amlo-en-twitter-y-aclara-que-sigue-apoyando-a-meade/">"Arremete Fox contra AMLO en Twitter y aclara que sigue apoyando a Meade"</a>. Aristegui Noticias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525023736/https://aristeguinoticias.com/0804/mexico/arremete-fox-contra-amlo-en-twitter-y-aclara-que-sigue-apoyando-a-meade/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aristegui+Noticias&rft.atitle=Arremete+Fox+contra+AMLO+en+Twitter+y+aclara+que+sigue+apoyando+a+Meade&rft.date=2018-04-08&rft.aulast=Aristegui&rft.aufirst=Carmen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faristeguinoticias.com%2F0804%2Fmexico%2Farremete-fox-contra-amlo-en-twitter-y-aclara-que-sigue-apoyando-a-meade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milenio.com/politica/pt-morena-elecciones_2018-alianza-presidencia-andres_manuel_lopez_obrador_0_980902074.html">"PT acuerda ir con Morena por la Presidencia en el 2018"</a>. Milenio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905232718/http://www.milenio.com/politica/pt-morena-elecciones_2018-alianza-presidencia-andres_manuel_lopez_obrador_0_980902074.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milenio&rft.atitle=PT+acuerda+ir+con+Morena+por+la+Presidencia+en+el+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milenio.com%2Fpolitica%2Fpt-morena-elecciones_2018-alianza-presidencia-andres_manuel_lopez_obrador_0_980902074.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sdpnoticias.com/nacional/2017/06/25/aprueba-pt-coalicion-con-morena-en-elecciones-de-2018">"Aprueba PT coalición con Morena en elecciones de 2018"</a>. SDPnoticias.com. 25 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905233214/https://www.sdpnoticias.com/nacional/2017/06/25/aprueba-pt-coalicion-con-morena-en-elecciones-de-2018">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SDPnoticias.com&rft.atitle=Aprueba+PT+coalici%C3%B3n+con+Morena+en+elecciones+de+2018&rft.date=2017-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdpnoticias.com%2Fnacional%2F2017%2F06%2F25%2Faprueba-pt-coalicion-con-morena-en-elecciones-de-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aristeguinoticias.com/2506/mexico/prd-avala-frente-amplio-en-2018-pt-se-va-con-morena-documento/">"PRD avala "frente amplio" en 2018; PT se va con Morena (Documento)"</a>. aristeguinoticias.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905234807/http://aristeguinoticias.com/2506/mexico/prd-avala-frente-amplio-en-2018-pt-se-va-con-morena-documento/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=aristeguinoticias.com&rft.atitle=PRD+avala+%22frente+amplio%22+en+2018%3B+PT+se+va+con+Morena+%28Documento%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faristeguinoticias.com%2F2506%2Fmexico%2Fprd-avala-frente-amplio-en-2018-pt-se-va-con-morena-documento%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía2017" class="citation web cs1">García, Carina (23 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/politica/pt-va-con-morena-y-reelige-alberto-anaya-en-liderazgo">"PT va con MORENA y reelige a Alberto Anaya en liderazgo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626234050/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/politica/pt-va-con-morena-y-reelige-alberto-anaya-en-liderazgo">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=PT+va+con+MORENA+y+reelige+a+Alberto+Anaya+en+liderazgo&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Carina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Fpolitica%2Fpt-va-con-morena-y-reelige-alberto-anaya-en-liderazgo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaen2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daen, Arturo (12 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animalpolitico.com/2017/06/prd-amlo-alianza-2018/">"López Obrador cierra la puerta a una alianza con el PRD para 2018; solo iría con el PT"</a>. Animal Político (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923054233/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2017/06/prd-amlo-alianza-2018/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Pol%C3%ADtico&rft.atitle=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+cierra+la+puerta+a+una+alianza+con+el+PRD+para+2018%3B+solo+ir%C3%ADa+con+el+PT&rft.date=2017-06-12&rft.aulast=Daen&rft.aufirst=Arturo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animalpolitico.com%2F2017%2F06%2Fprd-amlo-alianza-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2017/12/07/1206250">"No negociaremos con el PRI; vamos solos o con Morena: PES"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Exc%C3%A9lsior" title="Excélsior">Excélsior</a>. 7 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210130634/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2017/12/07/1206250?">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exc%C3%A9lsior&rft.atitle=No+negociaremos+con+el+PRI%3B+vamos+solos+o+con+Morena%3A+PES&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fnacional%2F2017%2F12%2F07%2F1206250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/politica/2017/12/13/partido-del-trabajo-y-encuentro-social-anuncian-coalicion-con-morena">"Partido del Trabajo y Encuentro Social anuncian coalición con Morena"</a>. Expansión. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213184752/http://expansion.mx/politica/2017/12/13/partido-del-trabajo-y-encuentro-social-anuncian-coalicion-con-morena">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansi%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Partido+del+Trabajo+y+Encuentro+Social+anuncian+coalici%C3%B3n+con+Morena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fpolitica%2F2017%2F12%2F13%2Fpartido-del-trabajo-y-encuentro-social-anuncian-coalicion-con-morena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNación3212017" class="citation news cs1">Nación321 (13 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacion321.com/elecciones/morena-y-encuentro-social-oficializan-su-union-rumbo-a-2018">"Morena y Encuentro Social oficializan su unión rumbo a 2018"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214071406/http://www.nacion321.com/elecciones/morena-y-encuentro-social-oficializan-su-union-rumbo-a-2018">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Morena+y+Encuentro+Social+oficializan+su+uni%C3%B3n+rumbo+a+2018&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft.au=Naci%C3%B3n321&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacion321.com%2Felecciones%2Fmorena-y-encuentro-social-oficializan-su-union-rumbo-a-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedacción2017" class="citation news cs1">Redacción (13 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/morena-pt-y-encuentro-social-firman-coalicion-electoral.html">"Morena, PT y Encuentro Social firman coalición rumbo a elección de 2018"</a>. El Financiero. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213183454/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/morena-pt-y-encuentro-social-firman-coalicion-electoral.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Financiero&rft.atitle=Morena%2C+PT+y+Encuentro+Social+firman+coalici%C3%B3n+rumbo+a+elecci%C3%B3n+de+2018&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft.au=Redacci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elfinanciero.com.mx%2Fnacional%2Fmorena-pt-y-encuentro-social-firman-coalicion-electoral.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZavala2017" class="citation news cs1">Zavala, Misael (13 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/elecciones-2018/firman-acuerdo-morena-pes-y-pt-para-ir-en-coalicion">"Firman acuerdo Morena, PES y PT para ir en coalición"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(M%C3%A9xico)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Universal (México)">El Universal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214134356/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/elecciones-2018/firman-acuerdo-morena-pes-y-pt-para-ir-en-coalicion">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Firman+acuerdo+Morena%2C+PES+y+PT+para+ir+en+coalici%C3%B3n&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft.aulast=Zavala&rft.aufirst=Misael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Felecciones-2018%2Ffirman-acuerdo-morena-pes-y-pt-para-ir-en-coalicion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamhaji2017" class="citation news cs1">Camhaji, Elías (13 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2017/12/13/mexico/1513189205_438858.html">"López Obrador se alía con el conservador Encuentro Social para las elecciones de 2018"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213205657/https://elpais.com/internacional/2017/12/13/mexico/1513189205_438858.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+se+al%C3%ADa+con+el+conservador+Encuentro+Social+para+las+elecciones+de+2018&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft.aulast=Camhaji&rft.aufirst=El%C3%ADas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Finternacional%2F2017%2F12%2F13%2Fmexico%2F1513189205_438858.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q--bk5vFcQE">"En Morena creemos en la inclusión: Yeidckol ante las críticas por alianza con el PES"</a>. El Financiero Bloomberg. 13 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123927/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q--bk5vFcQE">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2017 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Financiero+Bloomberg&rft.atitle=En+Morena+creemos+en+la+inclusi%C3%B3n%3A+Yeidckol+ante+las+cr%C3%ADticas+por+alianza+con+el+PES&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQ--bk5vFcQE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsTrelNcUQM">"La única opción para cambiar el país es la que encabeza AMLO: Hugo Eric Flores"</a>. El Financiero Bloomberg. 13 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123312/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsTrelNcUQM">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2018. 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Retrieved 12 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=A+Palacio+o+a+La+Chingada%3B+no+ser%C3%A9+l%C3%ADder+moral%3A+AMLO&rft.date=2017-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Fpolitica%2Fpalacio-o-la-chingada-no-sere-lider-moral-amlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sdpnoticias.com/nacional/2018/04/01/mexicanos-muestran-su-apoyo-a-amlo-desde-paris">"Mexicanos muestran su apoyo a AMLO desde París"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SDPnoticias.com&rft.atitle=Mexicanos+muestran+su+apoyo+a+AMLO+desde+Par%C3%ADs&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdpnoticias.com%2Fnacional%2F2018%2F04%2F01%2Fmexicanos-muestran-su-apoyo-a-amlo-desde-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMélenchon2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mélenchon, Jean-Luc (26 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://melenchon.fr/2018/02/26/le-mexique-a-lhorizon">"Le Mexique à l'horizon !"</a>. L'Ère du Peuple (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426075716/https://melenchon.fr/2018/02/26/le-mexique-a-lhorizon/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27%C3%88re+du+Peuple&rft.atitle=Le+Mexique+%C3%A0+l%27horizon+%21&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9lenchon&rft.aufirst=Jean-Luc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmelenchon.fr%2F2018%2F02%2F26%2Fle-mexique-a-lhorizon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-175"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacion321.com/elecciones/video-el-es-el-gobernante-espanol-que-apoya-a-amlo">"VIDEO: Él es el gobernante español que quiere que AMLO gane"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Mundo&rft.atitle=AMLO+presidente%3A+%C2%BFqu%C3%A9+es+la+%22Cuarta+Transformaci%C3%B3n%22+que+propone+Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+para+M%C3%A9xico%3F&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias-america-latina-45712329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-192"><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-election-leftist/mexico-front-runner-must-respect-oil-airport-contracts-business-lobby-idUSKCN1GO2NA">"Mexico front-runner must respect oil, airport contracts: business..."</a> <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201209112724/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-election-leftist/mexico-front-runner-must-respect-oil-airport-contracts-business-lobby-idUSKCN1GO2NA">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mexico+front-runner+must+respect+oil%2C+airport+contracts%3A+business...&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mexico-election-leftist%2Fmexico-front-runner-must-respect-oil-airport-contracts-business-lobby-idUSKCN1GO2NA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrés_Manuel_López_Obrador2018" class="citation web cs1">Andrés Manuel López Obrador (2 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/hUlFMtvQbk0">"No viviré en Los Pinos: AMLO"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUlFMtvQbk0">the original</a> on 30 October 2021. 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Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atacar+corrupci%C3%B3n+para+entregar+medicina+gratuita+a+todo+el+pueblo%2C+plantea+AMLO+-+Proceso&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proceso.com.mx%2F538203%2Fatacar-corrupcion-para-entregar-medicina-gratuita-a-todo-el-pueblo-plantea-amlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807191905/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/elecciones-2018/andres-manuel-lopez-obrador/amlo-ofrece-internet-gratuito-en-areas-publicas/">"AMLO ofrece internet gratuito en áreas públicas"</a>. El Heraldo de Mexico. 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Mexico News Daily. 4 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201209113730/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/no-security-for-amlo/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2020. 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El País (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525092943/https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/02/20/mexico/1550683131_614457.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2019. 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The Mazatlan Post. 25 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228034032/https://themazatlanpost.com/2019/04/25/mexico-gasoline-theft-cut-by-95-says-pemex/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mazatlan+Post&rft.atitle=Mexico+gasoline+theft+cut+by+95%25%2C+says+Pemex&rft.date=2019-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemazatlanpost.com%2F2019%2F04%2F25%2Fmexico-gasoline-theft-cut-by-95-says-pemex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informador.mx/Seran-siete-las-refinerias-de-Mexico-en-2022-t201905090003.html">Serán siete las refinerías de México en 2022</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228034025/https://www.informador.mx/Seran-siete-las-refinerias-de-Mexico-en-2022-t201905090003.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Informador, 9 May 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americaeconomia.com/negocios-industrias/construccion-de-la-nueva-refineria-de-mexico-arranca-en-agosto-confirma-el">Construcción de la nueva refinería de México arranca en agosto, confirma el ministerio de Energía</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228034035/https://www.americaeconomia.com/negocios-industrias/construccion-de-la-nueva-refineria-de-mexico-arranca-en-agosto-confirma-el">Archived</a> 28 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> America Economia, retrieved 27 December 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expansion.mx/economia/2019/03/11/la-nueva-refineria-mexico-costara-entre-6-000-y-8-000-mdd">Nueva refinería en México costará entre 6,000 y 8,000 mdd, dice la Sener</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228034027/https://expansion.mx/economia/2019/03/11/la-nueva-refineria-mexico-costara-entre-6-000-y-8-000-mdd">Archived</a> 28 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Expansion (CNN), 11 March 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-garantiza_López_Obrador-223">^ <a href="#cite_ref-garantiza_López_Obrador_223-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-garantiza_López_Obrador_223-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184601/http://www.zocalo.com.mx/new_site/articulo/becarios-si-sicarios-no-garantiza-lopez-obrador">"'Becarios sí, sicarios, no', garantiza López Obrador"</a>. Zocalo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zocalo.com.mx/new_site/articulo/becarios-si-sicarios-no-garantiza-lopez-obrador">the original</a> on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zocalo&rft.atitle=%27Becarios+s%C3%AD%2C+sicarios%2C+no%27%2C+garantiza+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zocalo.com.mx%2Fnew_site%2Farticulo%2Fbecarios-si-sicarios-no-garantiza-lopez-obrador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-224"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_224-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051349/http://www.elarsenal.net/2018/02/11/si-llega-a-la-presidencia-lopez-obrador-suspendera-examen-de-admision-a-universidades/">"Si llega a la Presidencia, López Obrador suspenderá examen de admisión a universidades"</a>. El Arsenal. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elarsenal.net/2018/02/11/si-llega-a-la-presidencia-lopez-obrador-suspendera-examen-de-admision-a-universidades/">the original</a> on 3 April 2018. 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Retrieved 19 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Reitera+AMLO+propuesta+de+%22becarios+si%2C+sicarios+no%22&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Felecciones-2018%2Freitera-amlo-propuesta-de-becarios-si-sicarios-no&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPÁRAMO2018" class="citation web cs1">PÁRAMO, ARTURO (11 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/amlo-reitera-rechazo-a-reforma-educativa/1238379">"AMLO reitera rechazo a reforma educativa"</a>. 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Aristegui Noticias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613020244/https://aristeguinoticias.com/1105/mexico/vamos-a-cancelar-la-reforma-educativa-reitera-amlo/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aristegui+Noticias&rft.atitle=%22Vamos+a+cancelar+la+Reforma+Educativa%22%2C+reitera+AMLO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faristeguinoticias.com%2F1105%2Fmexico%2Fvamos-a-cancelar-la-reforma-educativa-reitera-amlo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinembargo.mx/24-03-2017/3180695">"AMLO responde a Nuño: "como si la Reforma Educativa fuera cosa muy buena. Hasta me da risa""</a>. 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He's floated amnesty for drug criminals. Could he win?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213034141/http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-mexico-election-20171211-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017. <q>...increase aid for students and the elderly and consider amnesty for drug war criminals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=He%27s+been+running+for+president+in+Mexico+for+more+than+a+decade.+He%27s+floated+amnesty+for+drug+criminals.+Could+he+win%3F&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft.aulast=Linthicum&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-mexico-election-20171211-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143933/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/candidates-go-after-amlo/">"Presidential candidates 'gang up' on López Obrador in first debate"</a>. 23 April 2018. 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Retrieved 10 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mexico+president-elect+says+will+look+at+legalizing+some+drugs&rft.date=2018-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mexico-drugs%2Fmexico-president-elect-says-will-look-at-legalizing-some-drugs-idUSKCN1MH0XZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/mexicos-drug-war">Mexico's Drug War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716001309/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/mexicos-drug-war">Archived</a> 16 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Council on Foreign Relations, 22 October 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/30/mexico-el-chapo-son-ovidio-guzman-lopez-operation">'Call it off, please': video shows how operation against El Chapo's son fell apart</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228050106/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/30/mexico-el-chapo-son-ovidio-guzman-lopez-operation">Archived</a> 28 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Jo Tuckman, The Guardian, 30 October 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/lebaron-and-ciudad-juarez-attacks-rise-four-mexican-drug-cartels">LeBarón and Ciudad Juárez attacks: the rise of four Mexican drug cartels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919121407/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/lebaron-and-ciudad-juarez-attacks-rise-four-mexican-drug-cartels">Archived</a> 19 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> El Universal English, 8 November 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/trump-ready-designate-mexican-drug-cartels-terrorist-organizations-refrains-claiming-request-1476008">TRUMP IS READY TO DESIGNATE MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS 'TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS' BUT REFRAINS, CLAIMING REQUEST FROM MEXICAN PRESIDENT</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228050107/https://www.newsweek.com/trump-ready-designate-mexican-drug-cartels-terrorist-organizations-refrains-claiming-request-1476008">Archived</a> 28 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By JEFFERY MARTIN, Newsweek, 6 December 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2018/06/03/amlo-en-tecamac-edomex/">"Llama AMLO a todos los empresarios para unirse y sacar adelante al país, "amor y paz" – AMLO"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Mexico+leftist+Amlo+vows+no+nationalisation%2C+no+expropriations&rft.date=2018-03-09&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Jude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F69899326-23d2-11e8-add1-0e8958b189ea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/gobernare-con-austeridad-lopez-obrador/1229693#view-1">"Gobernaré con austeridad: López Obrador"</a>. 31 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180522042313/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/gobernare-con-austeridad-lopez-obrador/1229693#view-1">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gobernar%C3%A9+con+austeridad%3A+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.date=2018-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fnacional%2Fgobernare-con-austeridad-lopez-obrador%2F1229693%23view-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614195250/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/elecciones-2018/andres-manuel-lopez-obrador/amlo-ofrece-no-aumentar-impuestos-ni-deuda-publica/">"AMLO ofrece no aumentar impuestos ni deuda pública"</a>. 23 April 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/elecciones-2018/andres-manuel-lopez-obrador/amlo-ofrece-no-aumentar-impuestos-ni-deuda-publica/">the original</a> on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AMLO+ofrece+no+aumentar+impuestos+ni+deuda+p%C3%BAblica&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheraldodemexico.com.mx%2Felecciones-2018%2Fandres-manuel-lopez-obrador%2Famlo-ofrece-no-aumentar-impuestos-ni-deuda-publica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsoldetoluca.com.mx/local/pensiones-de-ex-presidentes-se-destinaran-para-reactivar-el-campo-amlo-1722910.html">"Pensiones de ex presidentes se destinarán para reactivar el campo: AMLO"</a>. El Sol de Toluca. 29 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614195134/https://www.elsoldetoluca.com.mx/local/pensiones-de-ex-presidentes-se-destinaran-para-reactivar-el-campo-amlo-1722910.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Sol+de+Toluca&rft.atitle=Pensiones+de+ex+presidentes+se+destinar%C3%A1n+para+reactivar+el+campo%3A+AMLO&rft.date=2018-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsoldetoluca.com.mx%2Flocal%2Fpensiones-de-ex-presidentes-se-destinaran-para-reactivar-el-campo-amlo-1722910.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2018" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Jennifer (28 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/594f1bae-8fe6-11e8-b639-7680cedcc421">"Mexico's new leftwing leader may turn out to be a fiscal hawk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/594f1bae-8fe6-11e8-b639-7680cedcc421">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2018. <q>He wants to spend more on old age and disability pensions, provide more funds for youth programmes, provide financial support to struggling farmers and improve infrastructure, particularly in Mexico's poorest southern regions. He hopes to achieve this by clamping down on corruption and adjusting existing public spending programs, notably reducing bureaucrats' salaries, including politicians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+new+leftwing+leader+may+turn+out+to+be+a+fiscal+hawk&rft.date=2018-07-28&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F594f1bae-8fe6-11e8-b639-7680cedcc421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justiceinmexico.org/president-lopez-obrador-continues-to-prioritize-fiscal-austerity/">"President López Obrador continues to prioritize fiscal austerity"</a>. Justice in Mexico. 7 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228002337/https://justiceinmexico.org/president-lopez-obrador-continues-to-prioritize-fiscal-austerity/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Justice+in+Mexico&rft.atitle=President+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+continues+to+prioritize+fiscal+austerity&rft.date=2019-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjusticeinmexico.org%2Fpresident-lopez-obrador-continues-to-prioritize-fiscal-austerity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_O'Boyle2019" class="citation web cs1">Michael O'Boyle (8 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-09/mexico-passes-austerity-law-with-stiff-revolving-door-ban">"Mexico Passes AMLO's Austerity Law Curbing Excessive Spending"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228002452/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-09/mexico-passes-austerity-law-with-stiff-revolving-door-ban">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Mexico+Passes+AMLO%27s+Austerity+Law+Curbing+Excessive+Spending&rft.date=2019-10-08&rft.au=Michael+O%27Boyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-10-09%2Fmexico-passes-austerity-law-with-stiff-revolving-door-ban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/mexicos-presidential-plane-so-luxurious-un-hasnt-been-able-sell-it">"Mexico's presidential plane is so luxurious the UN hasn't been able to sell it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> English. 18 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531115349/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/mexicos-presidential-plane-so-luxurious-un-hasnt-been-able-sell-it">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal+English&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+presidential+plane+is+so+luxurious+the+UN+hasn%27t+been+able+to+sell+it&rft.date=2019-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fenglish%2Fmexicos-presidential-plane-so-luxurious-un-hasnt-been-able-sell-it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nacion321.com/gobierno/ya-se-descubrio-quienes-operaron-la-campana-negra-contra-amlo-en-2018">"Ellos operaron la campaña negra contra AMLO en 2018"</a>. Nación321 (in Mexican Spanish). 15 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525064942/https://nacion321.com/gobierno/ya-se-descubrio-quienes-operaron-la-campana-negra-contra-amlo-en-2018">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2019. 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Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Excelsior&rft.atitle=Ni+chavismo%2C+ni+trumpismo%2C+pero+s%C3%AD+mexicanismo%2C+aclara+AMLO&rft.date=2018-03-14&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fnacional%2F2018%2F03%2F14%2F1226384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proceso.com.mx/535123/lopez-obrador-llama-ricky-riquin-canallin-a-anaya-y-ofrece-abrazos-no-balazos-a-contrincantes">"López Obrador llama "Ricky Riquín Canallín" a Anaya y ofrece "abrazos, no balazos" a contrincantes"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9xico+no+ser%C3%A1+pi%C3%B1ata+de+ning%C3%BAn+gobierno+extranjero%3A+lanza+AMLO+a&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft.aulast=Zavala&rft.aufirst=Misael&rft.au=Morales%2C+Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Felecciones-2018%2Fmexico-no-sera-pinata-de-ningun-gobierno-extranjero-lanza-amlo-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2019/04/29/version-estenografica-de-la-conferencia-de-prensa-matutina-del-presidente-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-72/">"Versión estenográfica de la conferencia de prensa matutina del presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador – AMLO"</a>. 29 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504060401/https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2019/04/29/version-estenografica-de-la-conferencia-de-prensa-matutina-del-presidente-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-72/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. 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Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+new+president+could+help+ease+pressure+on+Venezuela&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F083859f4ffee4021858e6cf20024e2bd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FernandezAMLO-281">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FernandezAMLO_281-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FernandezAMLO_281-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManetto2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Manetto, Francesco (23 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-02-24/mexico-y-argentina-sellan-un-nuevo-eje-progresista-en-america-latina.html">"México y Argentina sellan un nuevo eje progresista en América Latina"</a> [Mexico and Argentina seal a new progressive axis in Latin America]. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125124039/https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-02-24/mexico-y-argentina-sellan-un-nuevo-eje-progresista-en-america-latina.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9xico+y+Argentina+sellan+un+nuevo+eje+progresista+en+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina&rft.date=2021-02-23&rft.aulast=Manetto&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fmexico%2F2021-02-24%2Fmexico-y-argentina-sellan-un-nuevo-eje-progresista-en-america-latina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/fernandez-takes-off-for-tel-aviv.phtml">"Fernández flies to Israel in first foreign trip as president"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buenos+Aires+Times&rft.atitle=Fern%C3%A1ndez+flies+to+Israel+in+first+foreign+trip+as+president&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.batimes.com.ar%2Fnews%2Fargentina%2Ffernandez-takes-off-for-tel-aviv.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perfil.com/noticias/politica/alberto-fernandez-con-amlo-celebro-la-independencia-de-poder-tener-nuestras-vacunas.phtml">"Con AMLO, Alberto Fernández celebró la "independencia de poder tener nuestras vacunas""</a> [With AMLO, Alberto Fernández celebrated the "independence of being able to have our vaccines"]. <a href="/wiki/Perfil" title="Perfil">Perfil</a> (in Spanish). 25 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125124040/https://www.perfil.com/noticias/politica/alberto-fernandez-con-amlo-celebro-la-independencia-de-poder-tener-nuestras-vacunas.phtml">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perfil&rft.atitle=Con+AMLO%2C+Alberto+Fern%C3%A1ndez+celebr%C3%B3+la+%22independencia+de+poder+tener+nuestras+vacunas%22&rft.date=2021-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perfil.com%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2Falberto-fernandez-con-amlo-celebro-la-independencia-de-poder-tener-nuestras-vacunas.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escenariomundial.com/2021/02/25/amlo-reitero-su-apoyo-en-el-reclamo-por-la-soberania-argentina-sobre-las-islas-malvinas/">"AMLO reiteró su apoyo en el reclamo por la soberanía Argentina sobre las Islas Malvinas"</a> (Digital Newspaper). 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Retrieved 13 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Financiero&rft.atitle=AMLO+planea+que+M%C3%A9xico+tenga+su+propia+%27patrulla+fronteriza%27&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft.aulast=Cattan&rft.aufirst=Nacha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felfinanciero.com.mx%2Felecciones-2018%2Famlo-planea-reforzar-la-seguridad-en-las-fronteras-de-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyucatantimes.com/2018/10/amlo-will-provide-working-visas-to-central-americans-immigrants/">"AMLO will provide working visas to Central Americans immigrants"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+deseo+el+mayor+de+los+%C3%A9xitos+a+AMLO%3A+Meade&rft.date=2018-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fnacional%2Fle-deseo-el-mayor-de-los-exitos-a-amlo-meade%2F1249456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/elecciones-2018/ricardo-anaya-reconoce-victoria-de-amlo">"Anaya reconoce victoria de AMLO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal (Mexico City)</a>. 1 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129183011/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/elecciones-2018/ricardo-anaya-reconoce-victoria-de-amlo">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal+%28Mexico+City%29&rft.atitle=Anaya+reconoce+victoria+de+AMLO&rft.date=2018-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Felecciones-2018%2Fricardo-anaya-reconoce-victoria-de-amlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44677829">"Mexico election: Exit polls put López Obrador in front"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 1 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502125154/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44677829">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mexico+election%3A+Exit+polls+put+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+in+front&rft.date=2018-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-44677829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía2018" class="citation news cs1">García, Aracely (1 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/el-bronco-reconoce-triunfo-de-lopez-obrador/1249467">"'El Bronco' reconoce triunfo de López Obrador"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Exc%C3%A9lsior" title="Excélsior">Excélsior</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200916192707/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/el-bronco-reconoce-triunfo-de-lopez-obrador/1249467">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27El+Bronco%27+reconoce+triunfo+de+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.date=2018-07-01&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Aracely&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fnacional%2Fel-bronco-reconoce-triunfo-de-lopez-obrador%2F1249467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inauguration-298"><a href="#cite_ref-inauguration_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheridan2018" class="citation news cs1">Sheridan, Mary Beth (1 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/amlo-will-be-inaugurated-as-mexicos-president-vowing-to-transform-the-country/2018/11/30/d3014f4c-f267-11e8-99c2-cfca6fcf610c_story.html">"AMLO inaugurated as Mexico's president, vowing to transform the country"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181202002621/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/amlo-will-be-inaugurated-as-mexicos-president-vowing-to-transform-the-country/2018/11/30/d3014f4c-f267-11e8-99c2-cfca6fcf610c_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=AMLO+inaugurated+as+Mexico%27s+president%2C+vowing+to+transform+the+country&rft.date=2018-12-01&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=Mary+Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Famlo-will-be-inaugurated-as-mexicos-president-vowing-to-transform-the-country%2F2018%2F11%2F30%2Fd3014f4c-f267-11e8-99c2-cfca6fcf610c_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/16/mexicos-president-elect-to-take-60-per-centpay-cut">"Mexico's president-elect Amlo to take 60% pay cut in austerity push"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 16 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716063514/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/16/mexicos-president-elect-to-take-60-per-centpay-cut">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+president-elect+Amlo+to+take+60%25+pay+cut+in+austerity+push&rft.date=2018-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fjul%2F16%2Fmexicos-president-elect-to-take-60-per-centpay-cut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarroMartinVillamil2018" class="citation web cs1">Navarro, Andrea; Martin, Eric; Villamil, Justin (28 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-29/mexico-votes-to-scrap-13-billion-airport-in-amlo-s-first-test">"Mexico's AMLO Scraps $13 Billion Airport Project; Peso Plunges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029214955/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-29/mexico-votes-to-scrap-13-billion-airport-in-amlo-s-first-test">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+AMLO+Scraps+%2413+Billion+Airport+Project%3B+Peso+Plunges&rft.date=2018-10-28&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Martin%2C+Eric&rft.au=Villamil%2C+Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-10-29%2Fmexico-votes-to-scrap-13-billion-airport-in-amlo-s-first-test&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgren2018" class="citation web cs1">Agren, David (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/03/mexico-amlo-president-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador">"Mexico's new president creates truth commission to investigate 43 missing students"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201209113859/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/03/mexico-amlo-president-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2020. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com.mx/lopez-obrador-hacia-la-cuarta-transformacion/">the original</a> on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+hacia+la+cuarta+transformaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2018-09-19&rft.aulast=Morfini&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Sainz+Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+Bernardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com.mx%2Flopez-obrador-hacia-la-cuarta-transformacion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZZd1Cx07Y0&feature=youtu.be">"The Rise of Mexico's Andrés Manuel López Obrador" | NowThis World 2020/11/29</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215101740/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZZd1Cx07Y0&feature=youtu.be">Archived</a> 15 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 12 March 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/opinion/contributors/lopez-obrador-mexico-trump.html">Carlos G. 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BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925025918/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-47066862">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Mundo&rft.atitle=As%C3%AD+son+las+%22ma%C3%B1aneras%22%2C+la+novedosa+estrategia+para+gobernar+de+AMLO+en+M%C3%A9xico&rft.date=2019-01-31&rft.aulast=N%C3%A1jar&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias-america-latina-47066862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politica.expansion.mx/presidencia/2018/07/16/amlo-recurre-a-las-consultas-ciudadanas-como-una-herramienta-para-su-gobierno">AMLO recurre a las consultas ciudadanas como una herramienta para su gobierno</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103151530/https://politica.expansion.mx/presidencia/2018/07/16/amlo-recurre-a-las-consultas-ciudadanas-como-una-herramienta-para-su-gobierno">Archived</a> 3 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Expansion Politica, 17 July 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2020/1/28/otorgan-suspension-provisional-contra-el-tren-maya-por-consulta-simulada-237750.html">"Otorgan suspensión provisional contra el Tren Maya por 'consulta simulada""</a>. www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212093100/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2020/1/28/otorgan-suspension-provisional-contra-el-tren-maya-por-consulta-simulada-237750.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.proceso.com.mx&rft.atitle=Otorgan+suspensi%C3%B3n+provisional+contra+el+Tren+Maya+por+%27consulta+simulada%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proceso.com.mx%2Fnacional%2F2020%2F1%2F28%2Fotorgan-suspension-provisional-contra-el-tren-maya-por-consulta-simulada-237750.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20220411-mexican-president-lopez-obrador-wins-low-turnout-recall-vote-early-count-shows">"Mexican President Lopez Obrador wins low-turnout recall vote, early count shows"</a>. France 24. Agence France-Presse. 11 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126044100/https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20220411-mexican-president-lopez-obrador-wins-low-turnout-recall-vote-early-count-shows">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mexican+President+Lopez+Obrador+wins+low-turnout+recall+vote%2C+early+count+shows&rft.date=2022-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Famericas%2F20220411-mexican-president-lopez-obrador-wins-low-turnout-recall-vote-early-count-shows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/pais/participacion-ciudadana-estas-son-todas-las-consultas-populares-de-amlo/">¿Participación ciudadana? Éstas son todas las consultas populares de AMLO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115183742/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/pais/participacion-ciudadana-estas-son-todas-las-consultas-populares-de-amlo/">Archived</a> 15 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Ana Grimaldo Santana, El Heraldo de Mexico, 3 September 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexis_Ortiz2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alexis Ortiz (19 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/tren-maya-rechaza-onu-consulta-ciudadana">"Rechaza ONU consulta ciudadana del Tren Maya"</a> [UN rejects citizen consultation of the Mayan Train]. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> Nacion (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200525022608/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/tren-maya-rechaza-onu-consulta-ciudadana">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal+Nacion&rft.atitle=Rechaza+ONU+consulta+ciudadana+del+Tren+Maya&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.au=Alexis+Ortiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Ftren-maya-rechaza-onu-consulta-ciudadana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morningconsult.com/form/global-leader-approval/">"Global Leader Approval Tracker"</a>. Morning Consult. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204055102/https://morningconsult.com/form/global-leader-approval/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morning+Consult&rft.atitle=Global+Leader+Approval+Tracker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorningconsult.com%2Fform%2Fglobal-leader-approval%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morningconsult.com/form/global-leader-approval/https://apnews.com/article/mexico-president-youtube-criticism-social-media-e568bd345d3efdd2da736b9fa641cdae">"Mexican president slams YouTube for taking down his video that shared a journalist's phone number"</a>. Associated Press. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Mexican+president+slams+YouTube+for+taking+down+his+video+that+shared+a+journalist%27s+phone+number&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorningconsult.com%2Fform%2Fglobal-leader-approval%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmexico-president-youtube-criticism-social-media-e568bd345d3efdd2da736b9fa641cdae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/11/30/amlo-uses-his-anti-corruption-drive-to-gain-power-and-scare-critics">"AMLO uses his anti-corruption drive to gain power and scare critics"</a>. The Economist. 30 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029060401/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/11/30/amlo-uses-his-anti-corruption-drive-to-gain-power-and-scare-critics">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=AMLO+uses+his+anti-corruption+drive+to+gain+power+and+scare+critics&rft.date=2019-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-americas%2F2019%2F11%2F30%2Famlo-uses-his-anti-corruption-drive-to-gain-power-and-scare-critics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/amlo-inai-es-la-gran-tapadera-ha-reservado-informacion-sobre-odebrecht-acusa">"AMLO: Inai es "la gran tapadera"; ha reservado información sobre Odebrecht, acusa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> (in Spanish). 14 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219033521/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/amlo-inai-es-la-gran-tapadera-ha-reservado-informacion-sobre-odebrecht-acusa">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=AMLO%3A+Inai+es+%22la+gran+tapadera%22%3B+ha+reservado+informaci%C3%B3n+sobre+Odebrecht%2C+acusa&rft.date=2021-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Famlo-inai-es-la-gran-tapadera-ha-reservado-informacion-sobre-odebrecht-acusa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informador.mx/mexico/Mexico-asciende-en-el-barometro-global-contra-la-corrupcion-20191227-0032.html">"México asciende en el barómetro global contra la corrupción"</a> [Mexico ascends in the global barometer against corruption]. Informador (in Spanish). 27 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228125946/https://www.informador.mx/mexico/Mexico-asciende-en-el-barometro-global-contra-la-corrupcion-20191227-0032.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Informador&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9xico+asciende+en+el+bar%C3%B3metro+global+contra+la+corrupci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2019-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.informador.mx%2Fmexico%2FMexico-asciende-en-el-barometro-global-contra-la-corrupcion-20191227-0032.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com.mx/investigan-a-cuatro-exgobernadores-ligados-con-actos-de-corrupcion/">"Investigan a cuatro exgobernadores ligados con actos de corrupción"</a> [Four former governors linked to acts of corruption are investigated]. Forbes Mexico (in Spanish). 27 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127161739/https://www.forbes.com.mx/investigan-a-cuatro-exgobernadores-ligados-con-actos-de-corrupcion/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes+Mexico&rft.atitle=Investigan+a+cuatro+exgobernadores+ligados+con+actos+de+corrupci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2019-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com.mx%2Finvestigan-a-cuatro-exgobernadores-ligados-con-actos-de-corrupcion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Marcial_Perez2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">David Marcial Perez (18 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/09/19/mexico/1568852754_073891.html">"La exministra de Peña Nieto encarcelada por corrupción es inhabilitada ahora por mentir sobre su patrimonio"</a> [Peña Nieto's ex-minister jailed for corruption is now disabled for lying about her estate]. El Pais (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228015800/https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/09/19/mexico/1568852754_073891.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pais&rft.atitle=La+exministra+de+Pe%C3%B1a+Nieto+encarcelada+por+corrupci%C3%B3n+es+inhabilitada+ahora+por+mentir+sobre+su+patrimonio&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.au=David+Marcial+Perez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Finternacional%2F2019%2F09%2F19%2Fmexico%2F1568852754_073891.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/former-pemex-director-accused-money-laundering-fraud-and-bribery">"Former Pemex director is accused of money laundering, fraud, and bribery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> English. 29 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202144307/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/former-pemex-director-accused-money-laundering-fraud-and-bribery">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal+English&rft.atitle=Former+Pemex+director+is+accused+of+money+laundering%2C+fraud%2C+and+bribery&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fenglish%2Fformer-pemex-director-accused-money-laundering-fraud-and-bribery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/gobierno-de-amlo-presento-2-denuncias-ante-la-fgr-contra-romero-deschamps">"Gobierno de AMLO presentó 2 denuncias antela FRG contra Romero Deschamps"</a> [AMLO Government files 2 complaints before AG against Romero Deschamps]. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> (in Spanish). 16 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220052424/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/gobierno-de-amlo-presento-2-denuncias-ante-la-fgr-contra-romero-deschamps">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Gobierno+de+AMLO+present%C3%B3+2+denuncias+antela+FRG+contra+Romero+Deschamps&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Fgobierno-de-amlo-presento-2-denuncias-ante-la-fgr-contra-romero-deschamps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHÉCTOR_FIGUEROA_ALCÁNTARA2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">HÉCTOR FIGUEROA ALCÁNTARA (8 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/aprueba-senado-renuncia-de-medina-mora-a-la-corte/1340697">"Aprueba Senado renuncia de Medina Mora a la Corte"</a> [Senate approves Medina Mora's resignation from the Court]. Excelsior (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226224455/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/aprueba-senado-renuncia-de-medina-mora-a-la-corte/1340697">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Excelsior&rft.atitle=Aprueba+Senado+renuncia+de+Medina+Mora+a+la+Corte&rft.date=2019-10-08&rft.au=H%C3%89CTOR+FIGUEROA+ALC%C3%81NTARA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fnacional%2Faprueba-senado-renuncia-de-medina-mora-a-la-corte%2F1340697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGina_Hinojosa2019" class="citation web cs1">Gina Hinojosa (28 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wola.org/analysis/progress-challenges-corruption-mexico/">"What's Happening with Mexico's National Anti-Corruption System? Progress and Continued Challenges at the Federal and State Level"</a>. WOLA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221051224/https://www.wola.org/analysis/progress-challenges-corruption-mexico/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WOLA&rft.atitle=What%27s+Happening+with+Mexico%27s+National+Anti-Corruption+System%3F+Progress+and+Continued+Challenges+at+the+Federal+and+State+Level&rft.date=2019-10-28&rft.au=Gina+Hinojosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wola.org%2Fanalysis%2Fprogress-challenges-corruption-mexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoses_Ngong_and_Stephanie_Brewer2021" class="citation web cs1">Moses Ngong and Stephanie Brewer (5 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wola.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Mexico-State-Anti-Corruption-Prosecutors.pdf">"Mexico: A Closer Look at State Anti-Corruption Prosecutors"</a> (PDF). WOLA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217103214/https://www.wola.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Mexico-State-Anti-Corruption-Prosecutors.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WOLA&rft.atitle=Mexico%3A+A+Closer+Look+at+State+Anti-Corruption+Prosecutors&rft.date=2021-04-05&rft.au=Moses+Ngong+and+Stephanie+Brewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wola.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F04%2FMexico-State-Anti-Corruption-Prosecutors.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/se-consolida-el-proyecto-educativo-de-lopez-obrador-sep/1350722">"Se consolida el proyecto educativo de López Obrador: SEP"</a>. Excelsior (in Spanish). 1 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125221551/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/se-consolida-el-proyecto-educativo-de-lopez-obrador-sep/1350722">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Excelsior&rft.atitle=Se+consolida+el+proyecto+educativo+de+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador%3A+SEP&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fnacional%2Fse-consolida-el-proyecto-educativo-de-lopez-obrador-sep%2F1350722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.mx/becasbenitojuarez/prensa/presenta-presidente-de-mexico-logros-del-programa-nacional-de-becas-para-el-bienestar-benito-juarez-207302?idiom=es">"Presenta presidente de México logros del Programa Nacional de Becas para el Bienestar Benito Juárez"</a>. Gobierno de México (in Spanish). 1 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230729191536/https://www.gob.mx/becasbenitojuarez/prensa/presenta-presidente-de-mexico-logros-del-programa-nacional-de-becas-para-el-bienestar-benito-juarez-207302?idiom=es">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2023. 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Gobierno de México (in Spanish). 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410194657/https://presidente.gob.mx/logro-cancelacion-de-la-llamada-reforma-educativa-presidente-amlo/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gobierno+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.atitle=Logro%2C+cancelaci%C3%B3n+de+la+llamada+Reforma+Educativa%3A+Presidente+AMLO&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresidente.gob.mx%2Flogro-cancelacion-de-la-llamada-reforma-educativa-presidente-amlo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://latinus.us/2020/03/14/sep-suspende-clases-mexico-coronavirus/">"SEP suspende clases en México del 20 de marzo al 20 de abril por coronavirus"</a>. LatinUs (in Spanish). 14 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203131447/https://latinus.us/2020/03/14/sep-suspende-clases-mexico-coronavirus/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LatinUs&rft.atitle=SEP+suspende+clases+en+M%C3%A9xico+del+20+de+marzo+al+20+de+abril+por+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flatinus.us%2F2020%2F03%2F14%2Fsep-suspende-clases-mexico-coronavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yucatan.com.mx/mexico/firma-acuerdo-inedito-lopez-obrador-con-4-televisoras-no-significa-concesiones">"Firma acuerdo inédito López Obrador con 4 televisoras: "no significa concesiones""</a>. Diario de Yucatan (in Spanish). 3 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422235637/https://www.yucatan.com.mx/mexico/firma-acuerdo-inedito-lopez-obrador-con-4-televisoras-no-significa-concesiones">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diario+de+Yucatan&rft.atitle=Firma+acuerdo+in%C3%A9dito+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+con+4+televisoras%3A+%22no+significa+concesiones%22&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yucatan.com.mx%2Fmexico%2Ffirma-acuerdo-inedito-lopez-obrador-con-4-televisoras-no-significa-concesiones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/pais/regreso-a-clases-sep-horarios-para-ciclo-escolar-2020-2021-preescolar-primaria-y-secundaria/">"Regreso a clases SEP: Horarios para ciclo escolar 2020-2021 preescolar, primaria y secundaria"</a>. El Heraldo (in Spanish). 3 August 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Heraldo&rft.atitle=Regreso+a+clases+SEP%3A+Horarios+para+ciclo+escolar+2020-2021+preescolar%2C+primaria+y+secundaria&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheraldodemexico.com.mx%2Fpais%2Fregreso-a-clases-sep-horarios-para-ciclo-escolar-2020-2021-preescolar-primaria-y-secundaria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politica.expansion.mx/presidencia/2020/12/21/delfina-gomez-sustituira-a-esteban-moctezuma-en-la-secretaria-de-educacion">"Delfina Gómez sustituirá a Esteban Moctezuma en la Secretaría de Educación"</a>. CNN Expansión (in Spanish). 20 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223090136/https://politica.expansion.mx/presidencia/2020/12/21/delfina-gomez-sustituira-a-esteban-moctezuma-en-la-secretaria-de-educacion">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Expansi%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Delfina+G%C3%B3mez+sustituir%C3%A1+a+Esteban+Moctezuma+en+la+Secretar%C3%ADa+de+Educaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2020-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolitica.expansion.mx%2Fpresidencia%2F2020%2F12%2F21%2Fdelfina-gomez-sustituira-a-esteban-moctezuma-en-la-secretaria-de-educacion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/AMLO-designa-a-Delfina-Gomez-Alvarez-como-nueva-titular-de-la-Secretaria-de-Educacion-Publica-20201221-0035.html">"Delfina Gómez, excandidata al Gobierno del Edomex, es la nueva titular de la SEP"</a>. El Economista (in Spanish). 21 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120135323/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/AMLO-designa-a-Delfina-Gomez-Alvarez-como-nueva-titular-de-la-Secretaria-de-Educacion-Publica-20201221-0035.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Economista&rft.atitle=Delfina+G%C3%B3mez%2C+excandidata+al+Gobierno+del+Edomex%2C+es+la+nueva+titular+de+la+SEP&rft.date=2020-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eleconomista.com.mx%2Fpolitica%2FAMLO-designa-a-Delfina-Gomez-Alvarez-como-nueva-titular-de-la-Secretaria-de-Educacion-Publica-20201221-0035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/02/05/regreso-a-clases-presenciales-estos-son-los-requisitos-que-pide-la-sep-para-la-reapertura-de-escuelas/">"Regreso a clases presenciales: estos son los requisitos que pide la SEP para la reapertura de escuelas"</a>. infobae (in Spanish). 4 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206141455/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/02/05/regreso-a-clases-presenciales-estos-son-los-requisitos-que-pide-la-sep-para-la-reapertura-de-escuelas/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=infobae&rft.atitle=Regreso+a+clases+presenciales%3A+estos+son+los+requisitos+que+pide+la+SEP+para+la+reapertura+de+escuelas&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Fmexico%2F2021%2F02%2F05%2Fregreso-a-clases-presenciales-estos-son-los-requisitos-que-pide-la-sep-para-la-reapertura-de-escuelas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/02/15/amlo-hizo-oficial-cambio-en-la-sep-se-va-esteban-moctezuma-y-llega-delfina-gomez/">"AMLO hizo oficial cambio en la SEP: se va Esteban Moctezuma y llega Delfina Gómez"</a>. infobae (in Spanish). 15 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420112804/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/02/15/amlo-hizo-oficial-cambio-en-la-sep-se-va-esteban-moctezuma-y-llega-delfina-gomez/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=infobae&rft.atitle=AMLO+hizo+oficial+cambio+en+la+SEP%3A+se+va+Esteban+Moctezuma+y+llega+Delfina+G%C3%B3mez&rft.date=2021-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Fmexico%2F2021%2F02%2F15%2Famlo-hizo-oficial-cambio-en-la-sep-se-va-esteban-moctezuma-y-llega-delfina-gomez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/06/07/mexico-regresa-a-clases-presenciales-este-7-de-junio/">"México regresa a clases presenciales este 7 de junio"</a>. infobae (in Spanish). 7 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725162419/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/06/07/mexico-regresa-a-clases-presenciales-este-7-de-junio/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=infobae&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9xico+regresa+a+clases+presenciales+este+7+de+junio&rft.date=2021-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Fmexico%2F2021%2F06%2F07%2Fmexico-regresa-a-clases-presenciales-este-7-de-junio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unotv.com/estados/estado-de-mexico/edomex-este-lunes-inicia-el-regreso-a-clases-presenciales/">"¡Es hoy! Este lunes inició el regreso a clases presenciales en Edomex"</a>. UNOTV.com (in Spanish). 14 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615072650/https://www.unotv.com/estados/estado-de-mexico/edomex-este-lunes-inicia-el-regreso-a-clases-presenciales/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNOTV.com&rft.atitle=%C2%A1Es+hoy%21+Este+lunes+inici%C3%B3+el+regreso+a+clases+presenciales+en+Edomex&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unotv.com%2Festados%2Festado-de-mexico%2Fedomex-este-lunes-inicia-el-regreso-a-clases-presenciales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudio_Bañuelos_y_Vicente_Juárez2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Claudio Bañuelos y Vicente Juárez (8 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/06/08/estados/cancelan-clases-manana-en-aguascalientes-por-covid-19/">"Cancelan clases mañana en una escuela de Aguascalientes por Covid-19"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725162736/https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/06/08/estados/cancelan-clases-manana-en-aguascalientes-por-covid-19/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021. 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El País (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725162417/https://elpais.com/mexico/sociedad/2021-06-15/ciudad-de-mexico-registra-seis-menores-contagiados-de-la-covid-19-tras-la-reapertura-de-escuelas.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021. 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El Sol de Toluca (in Spanish). 14 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628171236/https://www.elsoldetoluca.com.mx/local/escuelas-del-edomex-registran-poca-presencia-estudiantil-tras-regreso-a-las-aulas-6840990.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Sol+de+Toluca&rft.atitle=Escuelas+del+Edomex+registran+poca+presencia+estudiantil+tras+regreso+a+las+aulas&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsoldetoluca.com.mx%2Flocal%2Fescuelas-del-edomex-registran-poca-presencia-estudiantil-tras-regreso-a-las-aulas-6840990.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/noticias/salud/articulo/2021-07-20/la-tercera-ola-de-covid-en-mexico-se-extiende-entre-jovenes-y-no-vacunados">"La tercera ola de covid en México se extiende entre jóvenes y no vacunados"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a> (in Spanish). 20 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725162421/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/noticias/salud/articulo/2021-07-20/la-tercera-ola-de-covid-en-mexico-se-extiende-entre-jovenes-y-no-vacunados">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=La+tercera+ola+de+covid+en+M%C3%A9xico+se+extiende+entre+j%C3%B3venes+y+no+vacunados&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fen-espanol%2Fnoticias%2Fsalud%2Farticulo%2F2021-07-20%2Fla-tercera-ola-de-covid-en-mexico-se-extiende-entre-jovenes-y-no-vacunados&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aristeguinoticias.com/2507/mexico/regreso-a-clases-presenciales-sera-en-agosto-llueva-truene-o-relampaguee-amlo/">"Regreso a clases presenciales será en agosto "llueva, truene o relampaguee": AMLO"</a>. 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Atomix (in Spanish). 22 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725052257/https://atomix.vg/amlo-exige-que-los-ninos-regresen-a-las-aulas-para-evitar-la-adiccion-por-los-videojuegos/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atomix&rft.atitle=AMLO+exige+que+los+ni%C3%B1os+regresen+a+las+aulas+para+evitar+la+%22adicci%C3%B3n+por+los+vieojuegos%22&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatomix.vg%2Famlo-exige-que-los-ninos-regresen-a-las-aulas-para-evitar-la-adiccion-por-los-videojuegos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hklaw.com/publications/mexico-to-increase-minimum-wage-for--12-20-2018/">"Mexico to Increase Minimum Wage for 2019"</a>. www.hklaw.com. 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Retrieved 21 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+New+Toll+in+Mexico%27s+Drug+War&rft.date=2020-01-06&rft.aulast=Villegas&rft.aufirst=Paulina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F06%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fmexico-drug-war-death-toll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/10/24/lessons-from-a-shootout-in-sinaloa">"The AMLO Doctrine: Lessons from a Shootout in Sinaloa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 24 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920204821/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/10/24/lessons-from-a-shootout-in-sinaloa">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+AMLO+Doctrine%3A+Lessons+from+a+Shootout+in+Sinaloa&rft.date=2019-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-americas%2F2019%2F10%2F24%2Flessons-from-a-shootout-in-sinaloa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerri2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ferri, Pablo (6 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-01-06/la-captura-de-ovidio-guzman-seis-meses-de-espera-una-estrategia-medida-y-una-batalla-entre-dos-ejercitos.html">"La captura de Ovidio Guzmán: seis meses de espera, una estrategia medida y una batalla entre dos ejércitos"</a> [The capture of Ovidio Guzmán: six months of waiting, a measured strategy and a battle between two armies]. El País (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106224729/https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-01-06/la-captura-de-ovidio-guzman-seis-meses-de-espera-una-estrategia-medida-y-una-batalla-entre-dos-ejercitos.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=La+captura+de+Ovidio+Guzm%C3%A1n%3A+seis+meses+de+espera%2C+una+estrategia+medida+y+una+batalla+entre+dos+ej%C3%A9rcitos&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft.aulast=Ferri&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fmexico%2F2023-01-06%2Fla-captura-de-ovidio-guzman-seis-meses-de-espera-una-estrategia-medida-y-una-batalla-entre-dos-ejercitos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106234314/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2023/01/muertos-heridos-operativo-ovidio-culiacan/">"Operativo para detener a Ovidio Guzmán dejó 29 muertos, 35 heridos y 21 detenidos; descartan bajas civiles"</a> [Operation to arrest Ovidio Guzmán left 29 dead, 35 wounded and 21 arrested; no civilian casualties reported]. Animal Político (in Spanish). 6 January 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animalpolitico.com/2023/01/muertos-heridos-operativo-ovidio-culiacan/">the original</a> on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Pol%C3%ADtico&rft.atitle=Operativo+para+detener+a+Ovidio+Guzm%C3%A1n+dej%C3%B3+29+muertos%2C+35+heridos+y+21+detenidos%3B+descartan+bajas+civiles&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animalpolitico.com%2F2023%2F01%2Fmuertos-heridos-operativo-ovidio-culiacan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106133745/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2023/01/recaptura-ovidio-guzman-chapo-sinaloa/">"Recapturan a Ovidio Guzmán en Sinaloa; fue trasladado al penal del Altiplano, en el Edomex"</a> [Ovidio Guzmán has been recaptured in Sinaloa; has been moved to the Altiplano prison, in the State of Mexico]. Animal Político (in Spanish). 5 January 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animalpolitico.com/2023/01/recaptura-ovidio-guzman-chapo-sinaloa/">the original</a> on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Pol%C3%ADtico&rft.atitle=Recapturan+a+Ovidio+Guzm%C3%A1n+en+Sinaloa%3B+fue+trasladado+al+penal+del+Altiplano%2C+en+el+Edomex&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animalpolitico.com%2F2023%2F01%2Frecaptura-ovidio-guzman-chapo-sinaloa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2023/01/05/el-neto-lider-de-los-mexicles-murio-tras-un-intenso-operativo-en-ciudad-juarez/">"Murió "El Neto", líder de Los Mexicles, tras un intenso operativo en Ciudad Juárez"</a> ["El Neto," leader of Los Mexicles, died after intense operation in Ciudad Juárez]. <a href="/wiki/Infobae" title="Infobae">Infobae</a> (in Spanish). 5 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108034652/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2023/01/05/el-neto-lider-de-los-mexicles-murio-tras-un-intenso-operativo-en-ciudad-juarez/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infobae&rft.atitle=Muri%C3%B3+%22El+Neto%22%2C+l%C3%ADder+de+Los+Mexicles%2C+tras+un+intenso+operativo+en+Ciudad+Ju%C3%A1rez&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Fmexico%2F2023%2F01%2F05%2Fel-neto-lider-de-los-mexicles-murio-tras-un-intenso-operativo-en-ciudad-juarez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2023/01/05/estados/muere-el-neto-lider-de-los-mexicles-en-operativo-para-recapturarlo/">"Muere 'El Neto', líder de 'Los Mexicles' en operativo para recapturarlo"</a> ["El Neto," leader of "Los Mexicles," dies in operation to recapture him]. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a> (in Spanish). 5 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106171010/https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2023/01/05/estados/muere-el-neto-lider-de-los-mexicles-en-operativo-para-recapturarlo/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=Muere+%27El+Neto%27%2C+l%C3%ADder+de+%27Los+Mexicles%27+en+operativo+para+recapturarlo&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F2023%2F01%2F05%2Festados%2Fmuere-el-neto-lider-de-los-mexicles-en-operativo-para-recapturarlo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemple2020" class="citation web cs1">Semple, Kirk (24 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/americas/mexico-extraditions-william-barr.html">"Under Pressure From Trump, Extraditions to U.S. From Mexico Soar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221113050055/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/americas/mexico-extraditions-william-barr.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Under+Pressure+From+Trump%2C+Extraditions+to+U.S.+From+Mexico+Soar&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Semple&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F24%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fmexico-extraditions-william-barr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrillo2020" class="citation web cs1">Grillo, Ioan (2 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/02/opinion/avocados-drug-cartels-mexico.html">"Boycotting Avocados Won't Hurt Cartels"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308091311/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/02/opinion/avocados-drug-cartels-mexico.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Boycotting+Avocados+Won%27t+Hurt+Cartels&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft.aulast=Grillo&rft.aufirst=Ioan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F02%2Fopinion%2Favocados-drug-cartels-mexico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-violence-gangs/mexican-president-tells-gangs-to-stop-donating-food-end-crime-instead-idUSKBN22232C?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews">"Mexican President tells gangs to stop donating food, end crime instead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 21 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230909071101/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-violence-gangs/mexican-president-tells-gangs-to-stop-donating-food-end-crime-instead-idUSKBN22232C?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mexican+President+tells+gangs+to+stop+donating+food%2C+end+crime+instead&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mexico-violence-gangs%2Fmexican-president-tells-gangs-to-stop-donating-food-end-crime-instead-idUSKBN22232C%3FfeedType%3DRSS%26feedName%3DworldNews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrada2020" class="citation web cs1">Prada, Paula (26 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-violence/mexico-city-police-chief-shot-in-assassination-attempt-blames-drug-cartel-idUSKBN23X1T8?il=0">"Mexico City police chief shot in assassination attempt, blames drug cartel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230909071059/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-violence/mexico-city-police-chief-shot-in-assassination-attempt-blames-drug-cartel-idUSKBN23X1T8?il=0">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mexico+City+police+chief+shot+in+assassination+attempt%2C+blames+drug+cartel&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.aulast=Prada&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mexico-violence%2Fmexico-city-police-chief-shot-in-assassination-attempt-blames-drug-cartel-idUSKBN23X1T8%3Fil%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr2020-365"><a href="#cite_ref-npr2020_365-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahn2020" class="citation web cs1">Kahn, Carrie (23 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/07/23/893561899/as-mexicos-dominant-cartel-gains-power-the-president-vows-hugs-not-bullets">"As Mexico's Dominant Cartel Gains Power, The President Vows 'Hugs, Not Bullets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930193657/https://www.npr.org/2020/07/23/893561899/as-mexicos-dominant-cartel-gains-power-the-president-vows-hugs-not-bullets">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=As+Mexico%27s+Dominant+Cartel+Gains+Power%2C+The+President+Vows+%27Hugs%2C+Not+Bullets&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F07%2F23%2F893561899%2Fas-mexicos-dominant-cartel-gains-power-the-president-vows-hugs-not-bullets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/01/06/homicidios-dolosos-disminuyeron-un-46-en-2021-lopez-obrador/">"Homicidios dolosos disminuyeron un 4.6% en 2021: López Obrador"</a> [Intentional homicides decreased by 4.6% in 2021: López Obrador]. Infobae (in Spanish). 6 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113052031/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/01/06/homicidios-dolosos-disminuyeron-un-46-en-2021-lopez-obrador/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infobae&rft.atitle=Homicidios+dolosos+disminuyeron+un+4.6%25+en+2021%3A+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Fmexico%2F2022%2F01%2F06%2Fhomicidios-dolosos-disminuyeron-un-46-en-2021-lopez-obrador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seguridad.sspc.gob.mx/contenido/2069/diciembre-de-2022-mes-con-menos-homicidios-dolosos-en-seis-anos-sspc">"Diciembre de 2022, mes con menos homicidios dolosos en seis años: SSPC"</a> [December 2022, the month with the least intentional homicides in six years: SSPC]. <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Security_and_Civilian_Protection_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection (Mexico)">Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection (Mexico)</a> (in Spanish). 17 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117165218/https://seguridad.sspc.gob.mx/contenido/2069/diciembre-de-2022-mes-con-menos-homicidios-dolosos-en-seis-anos-sspc">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Secretariat+of+Security+and+Civilian+Protection+%28Mexico%29&rft.atitle=Diciembre+de+2022%2C+mes+con+menos+homicidios+dolosos+en+seis+a%C3%B1os%3A+SSPC&rft.date=2023-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseguridad.sspc.gob.mx%2Fcontenido%2F2069%2Fdiciembre-de-2022-mes-con-menos-homicidios-dolosos-en-seis-anos-sspc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguezMonroy2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodríguez, Iván; Monroy, Jorge (11 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Continua-violencia-homicida-en-los-estados-prioritarios-20220111-0126.html">"Continúa violencia homicida en los estados prioritarios"</a> [Homicidal violence continues in the priority states]. El Economista (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220112062132/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Continua-violencia-homicida-en-los-estados-prioritarios-20220111-0126.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Economista&rft.atitle=Contin%C3%BAa+violencia+homicida+en+los+estados+prioritarios&rft.date=2022-01-11&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=Iv%C3%A1n&rft.au=Monroy%2C+Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eleconomista.com.mx%2Fpolitica%2FContinua-violencia-homicida-en-los-estados-prioritarios-20220111-0126.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicomirador.com/2023/01/18/registra-zacatecas-reduccion-de-homicidios-dolosos-del-2021-al-2022/">"Registra Zacatecas reducción de homicidios dolosos del 2021 al 2022"</a> [Zacatecas sees reduction of intentional homicides from 2021 to 2022]. Mirador (in Spanish). 18 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119070132/https://www.periodicomirador.com/2023/01/18/registra-zacatecas-reduccion-de-homicidios-dolosos-del-2021-al-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mirador&rft.atitle=Registra+Zacatecas+reducci%C3%B3n+de+homicidios+dolosos+del+2021+al+2022&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.periodicomirador.com%2F2023%2F01%2F18%2Fregistra-zacatecas-reduccion-de-homicidios-dolosos-del-2021-al-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorales2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Morales, Alberto (17 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/aumentan-homicidios-dolosos-en-17-de-50-municipios-prioritarios">"Aumentan homicidios dolosos en 17 de 50 municipios prioritarios"</a> [Intentional homicides increase in 17 out of 50 priority municipalities]. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117192753/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/aumentan-homicidios-dolosos-en-17-de-50-municipios-prioritarios">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Aumentan+homicidios+dolosos+en+17+de+50+municipios+prioritarios&rft.date=2023-01-17&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Faumentan-homicidios-dolosos-en-17-de-50-municipios-prioritarios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/es/20191113-el-largo-camino-hacia-la-legalizaci%C3%B3n-del-cannabis-en-m%C3%A9xico">"El largo camino hacia la legalización del cannabis en México"</a>. France24. 13 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103163259/https://www.france24.com/es/20191113-el-largo-camino-hacia-la-legalizaci%C3%B3n-del-cannabis-en-m%C3%A9xico">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+largo+camino+hacia+la+legalizaci%C3%B3n+del+cannabis+en+M%C3%A9xico&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fes%2F20191113-el-largo-camino-hacia-la-legalizaci%25C3%25B3n-del-cannabis-en-m%25C3%25A9xico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgren2021" class="citation web cs1">Agren, David (28 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/28/mexicos-high-court-strikes-down-laws-that-ban-use-of-recreational-marijuana">"Mexico supreme court strikes down laws that ban use of recreational marijuana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095050/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/28/mexicos-high-court-strikes-down-laws-that-ban-use-of-recreational-marijuana">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mexico+supreme+court+strikes+down+laws+that+ban+use+of+recreational+marijuana&rft.date=2021-06-28&rft.aulast=Agren&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fjun%2F28%2Fmexicos-high-court-strikes-down-laws-that-ban-use-of-recreational-marijuana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-04-24/wuhan-china-coronavirus-fentanyl-global-drug-trade">"Wuhan coronavirus chokes the drug trade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. 24 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200426013727/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-04-24/wuhan-china-coronavirus-fentanyl-global-drug-trade">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Wuhan+coronavirus+chokes+the+drug+trade&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-04-24%2Fwuhan-china-coronavirus-fentanyl-global-drug-trade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamhaji2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Camhaji, Elías (22 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/mexico/2024-01-23/victoria-legal-para-mexico-una-corte-de-apelaciones-afirma-que-si-puede-demandar-a-los-fabricantes-de-armas-en-ee-uu.html">"Victoria legal para México: una corte de apelaciones afirma que sí puede demandar a los fabricantes de armas en EE UU"</a> [Mexican legal victory: a court of appeals grants the country the ability to sue gun producers in the US]. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123012819/https://elpais.com/mexico/2024-01-23/victoria-legal-para-mexico-una-corte-de-apelaciones-afirma-que-si-puede-demandar-a-los-fabricantes-de-armas-en-ee-uu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Victoria+legal+para+M%C3%A9xico%3A+una+corte+de+apelaciones+afirma+que+s%C3%AD+puede+demandar+a+los+fabricantes+de+armas+en+EE+UU&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft.aulast=Camhaji&rft.aufirst=El%C3%ADas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fmexico%2F2024-01-23%2Fvictoria-legal-para-mexico-una-corte-de-apelaciones-afirma-que-si-puede-demandar-a-los-fabricantes-de-armas-en-ee-uu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDina2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dina, Eduardo (22 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/gran-noticia-corte-de-apelaciones-de-eu-favorece-a-mexico-en-demanda-contra-empresas-fabricantes-de-armas/">""Gran noticia": SRE celebra fallo de Corte en EU a favor de México en demanda contra empresas fabricantes de armas"</a> ["Great news:" Secretariat of Foreign Affairs celebrates US Court ruling in favor of Mexico regarding lawsuit against gun manufacturing companies]. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122233615/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/gran-noticia-corte-de-apelaciones-de-eu-favorece-a-mexico-en-demanda-contra-empresas-fabricantes-de-armas/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=%22Gran+noticia%22%3A+SRE+celebra+fallo+de+Corte+en+EU+a+favor+de+M%C3%A9xico+en+demanda+contra+empresas+fabricantes+de+armas&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft.aulast=Dina&rft.aufirst=Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Fgran-noticia-corte-de-apelaciones-de-eu-favorece-a-mexico-en-demanda-contra-empresas-fabricantes-de-armas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/internacionales/Trafico-de-armas-sera-tema-central-entre-Mexico-y-EU-en-reunion-de-febrero-Ken-Salazar-20240122-0051.html">"Tráfico de armas será tema central entre México y EU en reunión de febrero: Ken Salazar"</a> [Gun trafficking will be a central topic between Mexico and the US in February meeting, Ken Salazar announces]. <a href="/wiki/El_Economista_(Mexico)" title="El Economista (Mexico)">El Economista</a> (in Spanish). 22 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221155015/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/internacionales/Trafico-de-armas-sera-tema-central-entre-Mexico-y-EU-en-reunion-de-febrero-Ken-Salazar-20240122-0051.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Economista&rft.atitle=Tr%C3%A1fico+de+armas+ser%C3%A1+tema+central+entre+M%C3%A9xico+y+EU+en+reuni%C3%B3n+de+febrero%3A+Ken+Salazar&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eleconomista.com.mx%2Finternacionales%2FTrafico-de-armas-sera-tema-central-entre-Mexico-y-EU-en-reunion-de-febrero-Ken-Salazar-20240122-0051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/noticia/2024/01/22/politica/sin-informacion-sobre-trafico-de-armas-de-uso-del-ejercito-de-eu-salazar-6271">"Sin información sobre tráfico de armas de uso del Ejército de EU: Salazar"</a> [Not informed about trafficking of US Army weapons, Salazar claims]. <a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a> (in Spanish). 22 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123052500/https://www.jornada.com.mx/noticia/2024/01/22/politica/sin-informacion-sobre-trafico-de-armas-de-uso-del-ejercito-de-eu-salazar-6271">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=Sin+informaci%C3%B3n+sobre+tr%C3%A1fico+de+armas+de+uso+del+Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+EU%3A+Salazar&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.com.mx%2Fnoticia%2F2024%2F01%2F22%2Fpolitica%2Fsin-informacion-sobre-trafico-de-armas-de-uso-del-ejercito-de-eu-salazar-6271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagallanes2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Magallanes, Jatziri (22 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mvsnoticias.com/nacional/2024/1/22/ken-salazar-sin-conocimiento-de-ingreso-de-armas-de-uso-exclusivo-del-ejercito-de-eu-en-mexico-623385.html">"Ken Salazar, sin conocimiento de ingreso de armas de uso exclusivo del Ejército de EU en México"</a> [Ken Salazar, unaware of the entrance of weapons used exclusively by the US Army into Mexico]. MVS Noticias (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123052500/https://mvsnoticias.com/nacional/2024/1/22/ken-salazar-sin-conocimiento-de-ingreso-de-armas-de-uso-exclusivo-del-ejercito-de-eu-en-mexico-623385.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MVS+Noticias&rft.atitle=Ken+Salazar%2C+sin+conocimiento+de+ingreso+de+armas+de+uso+exclusivo+del+Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+EU+en+M%C3%A9xico&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft.aulast=Magallanes&rft.aufirst=Jatziri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmvsnoticias.com%2Fnacional%2F2024%2F1%2F22%2Fken-salazar-sin-conocimiento-de-ingreso-de-armas-de-uso-exclusivo-del-ejercito-de-eu-en-mexico-623385.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArista2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arista, Lidia (4 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2023/12/04/ken-salazar-reconoce-que-el-70-de-las-armas-que-entran-a-mexico-proceden-de-eu">"Ken Salazar reconoce que el 70% de las armas que entran a México proceden de EU"</a> [Ken Salazar acknowledges that 70% of weapons that enter Mexico come from the US]. Expansión Política (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123052503/https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2023/12/04/ken-salazar-reconoce-que-el-70-de-las-armas-que-entran-a-mexico-proceden-de-eu">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansi%C3%B3n+Pol%C3%ADtica&rft.atitle=Ken+Salazar+reconoce+que+el+70%25+de+las+armas+que+entran+a+M%C3%A9xico+proceden+de+EU&rft.date=2023-12-04&rft.aulast=Arista&rft.aufirst=Lidia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolitica.expansion.mx%2Fmexico%2F2023%2F12%2F04%2Fken-salazar-reconoce-que-el-70-de-las-armas-que-entran-a-mexico-proceden-de-eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArista2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arista, Lidia (14 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2023/03/14/70-de-homicidios-en-mexico-se-comete-con-armas-de-eu-amlo">"El 70% de homicidios en México se comete con armas de EU, señala López Obrador"</a> [70% of homicides in Mexico are committed with US arms, López Obrador claims]. Expansión Política (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123052502/https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2023/03/14/70-de-homicidios-en-mexico-se-comete-con-armas-de-eu-amlo">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansi%C3%B3n+Pol%C3%ADtica&rft.atitle=El+70%25+de+homicidios+en+M%C3%A9xico+se+comete+con+armas+de+EU%2C+se%C3%B1ala+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft.aulast=Arista&rft.aufirst=Lidia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolitica.expansion.mx%2Fmexico%2F2023%2F03%2F14%2F70-de-homicidios-en-mexico-se-comete-con-armas-de-eu-amlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreno_Valenzuela2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moreno Valenzuela, Gerardo (11 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/edicion-impresa/2024/1/11/autoridades-de-sonora-detienen-un-estadounidense-que-planeaba-traficar-armas-en-sonora-568946.html">"Autoridades de Sonora detienen a un estadounidense que planeaba traficar armas"</a> [Sonora authorities arrest an American planning to smuggle weapons]. El Heraldo de México (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123052500/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/edicion-impresa/2024/1/11/autoridades-de-sonora-detienen-un-estadounidense-que-planeaba-traficar-armas-en-sonora-568946.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Heraldo+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.atitle=Autoridades+de+Sonora+detienen+a+un+estadounidense+que+planeaba+traficar+armas&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft.aulast=Moreno+Valenzuela&rft.aufirst=Gerardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheraldodemexico.com.mx%2Fedicion-impresa%2F2024%2F1%2F11%2Fautoridades-de-sonora-detienen-un-estadounidense-que-planeaba-traficar-armas-en-sonora-568946.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-382"><a href="#cite_ref-:14_382-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/11/feature-prosecuting-femicide-in-mexico">"The long road to justice, prosecuting femicide in Mexico"</a>. UN Women. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805210744/https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/11/feature-prosecuting-femicide-in-mexico">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2021. 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Retrieved 26 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=AMLO+llama+a+la+sociedad+civil+%22instrumento+de+los+conservadores%22&rft.date=2019-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dm2iLGLCo2GY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopezMurray2020" class="citation news cs1">Lopez, Oscar; Murray, Christine (11 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/mexico-forest-budget-idUKL8N2DO036/">"'Party' ahead for illegal loggers? Mexico's national parks in doubt with cuts"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126051618/https://www.reuters.com/article/mexico-forest-budget-idUKL8N2DO036/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27Party%27+ahead+for+illegal+loggers%3F+Mexico%27s+national+parks+in+doubt+with+cuts&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft.au=Murray%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fmexico-forest-budget-idUKL8N2DO036%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair2020" class="citation news cs1">Blair, Laurence (23 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/23/funding-cuts-threaten-ancient-sites-warn-mexican-archaeologists">"Funding cuts threaten ancient sites, warn Mexican archaeologists"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126051618/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/23/funding-cuts-threaten-ancient-sites-warn-mexican-archaeologists">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Funding+cuts+threaten+ancient+sites%2C+warn+Mexican+archaeologists&rft.date=2020-06-23&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F23%2Ffunding-cuts-threaten-ancient-sites-warn-mexican-archaeologists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/mexico-budget-environment-park-protection-funding-6d26b85334069269362b5686344cf92b">"More parks, less money: Advocates say Mexico's new budget doesn't add up for natural protected areas"</a>. AP News. Associated Press. 14 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231125205444/https://apnews.com/article/mexico-budget-environment-park-protection-funding-6d26b85334069269362b5686344cf92b">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=More+parks%2C+less+money%3A+Advocates+say+Mexico%27s+new+budget+doesn%27t+add+up+for+natural+protected+areas&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmexico-budget-environment-park-protection-funding-6d26b85334069269362b5686344cf92b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politico.mx/minuta-politica/minuta-politica-gobierno-federal/amlo-alista-3-conmemoraciones-en-2021-en-rescate-memoria-hist%C3%B3rica/">"AMLO alista 3 conmemoraciones en 2021 en rescate memorial histórica" Politico MX. 2019/03/25</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501154606/https://politico.mx/minuta-politica/minuta-politica-gobierno-federal/amlo-alista-3-conmemoraciones-en-2021-en-rescate-memoria-hist%C3%B3rica/">Archived</a> 1 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 20 March 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/artes/alistan-un-comite-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-independencia-conquista-conmemoracion/">"Alistan un comité para 2021" El Heraldo de México 2020/01/03</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200320181851/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/artes/alistan-un-comite-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-independencia-conquista-conmemoracion/">Archived</a> 20 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 20 March 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/catedral-reparada-para-2021-preven">"Catedral reparada para 2021 preven". El Universal 2020/02/19</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524191628/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/catedral-reparada-para-2021-preven">Archived</a> 24 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 20 March 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xevt.com/primeraplana/en-el-2021-habra-3-conmemoraciones-importantes-en-mexico-adelanta/60812">"En el 2021 habrá 3 conmemoraciones importantes en Mexico adelanta" XEVT 2019/03/25</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200320181854/https://www.xevt.com/primeraplana/en-el-2021-habra-3-conmemoraciones-importantes-en-mexico-adelanta/60812">Archived</a> 20 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 20 March 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/prensa/buscar-hermanarnos-en-reconciliacion-historica-para-2021-invita-presidente-lopez-obrador-a-espana-y-a-la-iglesia-catolica">"Buscar hermanarnos en reconciliación historica para 2021 invita presidente López Obrador a España y a la iglesia católica". Gobierno de México 2019/03/25</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200320181851/https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/prensa/buscar-hermanarnos-en-reconciliacion-historica-para-2021-invita-presidente-lopez-obrador-a-espana-y-a-la-iglesia-catolica">Archived</a> 20 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 20 March 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.excelsior.com.mx/global/el-papa-ya-se-disculpo-por-la-conquista-vaticano/1303913">"El Papa ya se disculpó por la Conquista: Vaticano"</a>. Excélsior (in Spanish). 26 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210914182558/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/global/el-papa-ya-se-disculpo-por-la-conquista-vaticano/1303913">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exc%C3%A9lsior&rft.atitle=El+Papa+ya+se+disculp%C3%B3+por+la+Conquista%3A+Vaticano&rft.date=2019-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Fglobal%2Fel-papa-ya-se-disculpo-por-la-conquista-vaticano%2F1303913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarol_Suarez,_Rafael_Romo_and_Joshua_Berlinger" class="citation news cs1">Karol Suarez, Rafael Romo and Joshua Berlinger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/07/americas/mexico-elections-intl-hnk/index.html">"Mexico's President loses grip on power in midterm elections marred by violence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117000839/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/07/americas/mexico-elections-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+President+loses+grip+on+power+in+midterm+elections+marred+by+violence&rft.au=Karol+Suarez%2C+Rafael+Romo+and+Joshua+Berlinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F06%2F07%2Famericas%2Fmexico-elections-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedacción2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Redacción (5 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2022/05/05/que-es-la-condecoracion-de-la-orden-del-quetzal-que-recibio-amlo-en-guatemala/">"¿Qué es la Condecoración de la Orden del Quetzal que recibió AMLO en Guatemala?"</a> [What is the Order of the Quetzal with which AMLO was honored in Guatemala?]. El Financiero (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506065702/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2022/05/05/que-es-la-condecoracion-de-la-orden-del-quetzal-que-recibio-amlo-en-guatemala/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Financiero&rft.atitle=%C2%BFQu%C3%A9+es+la+Condecoraci%C3%B3n+de+la+Orden+del+Quetzal+que+recibi%C3%B3+AMLO+en+Guatemala%3F&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft.au=Redacci%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elfinanciero.com.mx%2Fnacional%2F2022%2F05%2F05%2Fque-es-la-condecoracion-de-la-orden-del-quetzal-que-recibio-amlo-en-guatemala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedacción_ADN402022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Redacción ADN40 (6 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adn40.mx/poder/condecoran-amlo-honduras-gira-centroamerica-ytc">"Condecoran a AMLO en Honduras durante gira por Centroamérica"</a> [AMLO condecorated in Honduras amid his tour in Central America]. ADN40 (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220507042517/https://www.adn40.mx/poder/condecoran-amlo-honduras-gira-centroamerica-ytc">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ADN40&rft.atitle=Condecoran+a+AMLO+en+Honduras+durante+gira+por+Centroam%C3%A9rica&rft.date=2022-05-06&rft.au=Redacci%C3%B3n+ADN40&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adn40.mx%2Fpoder%2Fcondecoran-amlo-honduras-gira-centroamerica-ytc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent,_Mauricio2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vincent, Mauricio (8 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-05-08/lopez-obrador-recibe-en-cuba-la-orden-jose-marti-durante-una-visita-de-alto-simbolismo-politico.html">"López Obrador recibirá en Cuba la Orden José Martí durante una visita de alto simbolismo político"</a> [López Obrador will be honored in Cuba with the Order of José Martí during a visit with high political symbolism]. El País (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205085943/https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-05-08/lopez-obrador-recibe-en-cuba-la-orden-jose-marti-durante-una-visita-de-alto-simbolismo-politico.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+recibir%C3%A1+en+Cuba+la+Orden+Jos%C3%A9+Mart%C3%AD+durante+una+visita+de+alto+simbolismo+pol%C3%ADtico&rft.date=2022-05-08&rft.au=Vincent%2C+Mauricio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Finternacional%2F2022-05-08%2Flopez-obrador-recibe-en-cuba-la-orden-jose-marti-durante-una-visita-de-alto-simbolismo-politico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/27-05-2022-world-no-tobacco-day-2022-awards---the-winners">"World No Tobacco Day 2022 awards – the winners"</a>. who.int. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. 27 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528105640/https://www.who.int/news/item/27-05-2022-world-no-tobacco-day-2022-awards---the-winners">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022. <q>WHO Director-General Special award [...] President of Mexico Mr. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, United Mexican States</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=who.int&rft.atitle=World+No+Tobacco+Day+2022+awards+%E2%80%93+the+winners&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F27-05-2022-world-no-tobacco-day-2022-awards---the-winners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/several-mexico-streets-are-named-after-president-lopez-obrador">"Several Mexico streets are named after President López Obrador"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> (in Spanish). 18 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201220191025/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/several-mexico-streets-are-named-after-president-lopez-obrador">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Several+Mexico+streets+are+named+after+President+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador&rft.date=2020-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fenglish%2Fseveral-mexico-streets-are-named-after-president-lopez-obrador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129012245/http://www.amlo2018.com.mx/las-tendencias-del-crimen-que-amlo-debera-enfrentar/">"The Crime Trends That AMLO Will Face"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amlo2018.com.mx/las-tendencias-del-crimen-que-amlo-debera-enfrentar/">the original</a> on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crime+Trends+That+AMLO+Will+Face&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amlo2018.com.mx%2Flas-tendencias-del-crimen-que-amlo-debera-enfrentar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gobiernolegitimo.org.mx/">"Official site of the "Legitimate Government""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102010631/http://www.gobiernolegitimo.org.mx/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+site+of+the+%22Legitimate+Government%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gobiernolegitimo.org.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> |</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaes2006" class="citation journal cs1">Shlaes, Amity (26 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930062616/http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000039&refer=columnist_shlaes&sid=asKieFzCmWMk">"Blame Mexico, Too, for U.S. Immigration Trouble"</a>. Bloomberg.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000039&refer=columnist_shlaes&sid=asKieFzCmWMk">the original</a> on 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Blame+Mexico%2C+Too%2C+for+U.S.+Immigration+Trouble&rft.date=2006-05-26&rft.aulast=Shlaes&rft.aufirst=Amity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquote.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D10000039%26refer%3Dcolumnist_shlaes%26sid%3DasKieFzCmWMk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/World/la/displayStory.cfm?story_id=6829296">"The front-runner under pressure, With his opinion-poll lead wobbling, Andrés Manuel López Obrador has yet to define precisely what sort of change he stands for"</a>. The Economist. 20 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+front-runner+under+pressure%2C+With+his+opinion-poll+lead+wobbling%2C+Andr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador+has+yet+to+define+precisely+what+sort+of+change+he+stands+for&rft.date=2006-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2FWorld%2Fla%2FdisplayStory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D6829296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Thompson, Ginger (11 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061020022454/http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/92592.html">"Leftist Screens Videos He Says Prove Fraud in Mexico Vote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/92592.html">the original</a> on 20 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Leftist+Screens+Videos+He+Says+Prove+Fraud+in+Mexico+Vote&rft.date=2006-07-11&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ginger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbailey83221.livejournal.com%2F92592.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gobiernolegitimo.org.mx/">"Official site of the "Legitimate Government""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102010631/http://www.gobiernolegitimo.org.mx/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+site+of+the+%22Legitimate+Government%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gobiernolegitimo.org.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> In Spanish, this site promotes news and articles about the civil resistance movement that López Obrador calls "Legitimate Government", and in which he is said to be "Legitimate" President</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4425187.stm">"Mexico mayor back on track"</a>. BBC News. 30 July 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mexico+mayor+back+on+track&rft.date=2005-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F4425187.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoniatowskaPaco_Ignacio_Taibo_II2005" class="citation web cs1">Poniatowska, Elena; Paco Ignacio Taibo II (18 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/audio/audio-details-db.php?collection=democracy_now&collectionid=dn2005-0418">"Democracy Now!"</a>. Description of Obrador's magnetism.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.date=2005-04-18&rft.aulast=Poniatowska&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft.au=Paco+Ignacio+Taibo+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Faudio%2Faudio-details-db.php%3Fcollection%3Ddemocracy_now%26collectionid%3Ddn2005-0418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"> [audio]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lopezobrador.org.mx/">"Official Site"</a>. lopezobrador.org (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709082458/http://www.lopezobrador.org.mx/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2006. Retrieved 11 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lopezobrador.org&rft.atitle=Official+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lopezobrador.org.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060714075933/http://www.amlo.org.mx/">"Official Campaign site"</a>. amlo.org (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amlo.org.mx/">the original</a> on 14 July 2006. Retrieved 11 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amlo.org&rft.atitle=Official+Campaign+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amlo.org.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060714175221/http://www.lopez-obrador.com.mx/">"Unofficial campaign site"</a>. Lopez-obrador.com.mx (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Lopez-obrador.com.mx/">the original</a> on 14 July 2006. Retrieved 11 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lopez-obrador.com.mx&rft.atitle=Unofficial+campaign+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.Lopez-obrador.com.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cidob.org/lider-politico/andres-manuel-lopez-obrador">"Extended biography by CIDOB Foundation"</a>. cidob-org (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cidob-org&rft.atitle=Extended+biography+by+CIDOB+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cidob.org%2Flider-politico%2Fandres-manuel-lopez-obrador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coha.org/category/mexico/">"Collection of articles from Council on Hemispheric Affairs concerning Mexican politics"</a>. 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collection+of+articles+from+Council+on+Hemispheric+Affairs+concerning+Mexican+politics&rft.date=2023-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coha.org%2Fcategory%2Fmexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050622020711/http://estadis.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/126320.html">"Zapatista leader blasts López"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estadis.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/126320.html">the original</a> on 22 June 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Zapatista+leader+blasts+L%C3%B3pez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Festadis.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F126320.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709042226/http://www.amlobc.com/">"Redes Ciudadanas Baja California"</a>. amlo.org (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amlobc.com/">the original</a> on 9 July 2006. Retrieved 11 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amlo.org&rft.atitle=Redes+Ciudadanas+Baja+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amlobc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Manuel+L%C3%B3pez+Obrador" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?114582">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Porfirio_Mu%C3%B1oz_Ledo" title="Porfirio Muñoz Ledo">Porfirio Muñoz Ledo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Leader of the Party of the Democratic Revolution</a> 1996–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_G%C3%B3mez_%C3%81lvarez" title="Pablo Gómez Álvarez">Pablo Gómez Álvarez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas">Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">PRD</a> nominee for President of Mexico <a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_Mexican_general_election" title="2012 Mexican general election">2012</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Anaya" title="Ricardo Anaya">Ricardo Anaya</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_Batres" title="Martí Batres">Martí Batres</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)#List_of_Party_Presidents" title="Morena (political party)">President of Morena</a> 2012–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yeidckol_Polevnsky_Gurwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeidckol Polevnsky Gurwitz">Yeidckol Polevnsky Gurwitz</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New political party </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a> nominee for President of Mexico <a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Robles" title="Rosario Robles">Rosario Robles</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Head of Government of Mexico City</a> 2000–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Encinas_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez">Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a> 2018–2024 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeanine_%C3%81%C3%B1ez" title="Jeanine Áñez">Jeanine Áñez</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="President pro tempore of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">President pro tempore of CELAC</a> 2020–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Alberto Fernández</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Mexico" title="Template:Presidents of Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Mexico" title="Template talk:Presidents of Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Mexico211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mexico" title="List of heads of state of Mexico">Presidents of Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Victoria" title="Guadalupe Victoria">Guadalupe Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Guerrero" title="Vicente Guerrero">Vicente Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Bocanegra" title="José María Bocanegra">José María Bocanegra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_V%C3%A9lez" title="Pedro Vélez">Pedro Vélez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Bustamante" title="Anastasio Bustamante">Anastasio Bustamante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchor_M%C3%BAzquiz" title="Melchor Múzquiz">Melchor Múzquiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_G%C3%B3mez_Pedraza" title="Manuel Gómez Pedraza">Manuel Gómez Pedraza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_G%C3%B3mez_Far%C3%ADas" title="Valentín Gómez Farías">Valentín Gómez Farías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Antonio López de Santa Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Miguel Barragán">Miguel Barragán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Justo_Corro" title="José Justo Corro">José Justo Corro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Bravo" title="Nicolás Bravo">Nicolás Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Echeverr%C3%ADa" title="Francisco Javier Echeverría">Francisco Javier Echeverría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Canalizo" title="Valentín Canalizo">Valentín Canalizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_de_Herrera" title="José Joaquín de Herrera">José Joaquín de Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Paredes_(President_of_Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariano Paredes (President of Mexico)">Mariano Paredes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mariano_Salas" title="José Mariano Salas">José Mariano Salas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Anaya" title="Pedro María de Anaya">Pedro María de Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a_y_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Manuel de la Peña y Peña">Manuel de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Arista" title="Mariano Arista">Mariano Arista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Ceballos" title="Juan Bautista Ceballos">Juan Bautista Ceballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Lombardini" title="Manuel María Lombardini">Manuel María Lombardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Carrera" title="Martín Carrera">Martín Carrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_D%C3%ADaz_de_la_Vega" title="Rómulo Díaz de la Vega">Rómulo Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_%C3%81lvarez" title="Juan Álvarez">Juan Álvarez Hurtado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Comonfort" title="Ignacio Comonfort">Ignacio Comonfort</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Mar%C3%ADa_Zuloaga" title="Félix María Zuloaga">Félix María Zuloaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Robles_Pezuela" title="Manuel Robles Pezuela">Manuel Robles Pezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Miram%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Miramón">Miguel Miramón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Pav%C3%B3n" title="José Ignacio Pavón">José Ignacio Pavón</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Lerdo_de_Tejada" title="Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada">Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Iglesias" title="José María Iglesias">José María Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_N._M%C3%A9ndez" title="Juan N. Méndez">Juan N. Méndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Flores" title="Manuel González Flores">Manuel González Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Le%C3%B3n_de_la_Barra" title="Francisco León de la Barra">Francisco León de la Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Francisco I. Madero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Lascur%C3%A1in" title="Pedro Lascuráin">Pedro Lascuráin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Huerta" title="Victoriano Huerta">Victoriano Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_S._Carvajal" title="Francisco S. Carvajal">Francisco S. Carvajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalio_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Eulalio Gutiérrez">Eulalio Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roque_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Garza" title="Roque González Garza">Roque González Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Lagos_Ch%C3%A1zaro" title="Francisco Lagos Cházaro">Francisco Lagos Cházaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_de_la_Huerta" title="Adolfo de la Huerta">Adolfo de la Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Obreg%C3%B3n" title="Álvaro Obregón">Álvaro Obregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarco_El%C3%ADas_Calles" title="Plutarco Elías Calles">Plutarco Elías Calles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Portes_Gil" title="Emilio Portes Gil">Emilio Portes Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Ortiz_Rubio" title="Pascual Ortiz Rubio">Pascual Ortiz Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abelardo_L._Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Abelardo L. Rodríguez">Abelardo Luján Rodríguez</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Lázaro Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_%C3%81vila_Camacho" title="Manuel Ávila Camacho">Manuel Ávila Camacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Alem%C3%A1n_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Miguel Alemán Valdés">Miguel Alemán Valdés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Ruiz_Cortines" title="Adolfo Ruiz Cortines">Adolfo Ruiz Cortines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_L%C3%B3pez_Mateos" title="Adolfo López Mateos">Adolfo López Mateos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_D%C3%ADaz_Ordaz" title="Gustavo Díaz Ordaz">Gustavo Díaz Ordaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Echeverr%C3%ADa" title="Luis Echeverría">Luis Echeverría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Portillo" title="José López Portillo">José López Portillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_la_Madrid" title="Miguel de la Madrid">Miguel de la Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Salinas_de_Gortari" title="Carlos Salinas de Gortari">Carlos Salinas de Gortari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo" title="Ernesto Zedillo">Ernesto Zedillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Seal_of_the_Government_of_Mexico.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Government_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Seal_of_the_Government_of_Mexico.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Government_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Seal_of_the_Government_of_Mexico.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Government_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="559" /></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_Mexico" title="List of vice presidents of Mexico">Vice president</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Mexico" title="Emperor of Mexico">Emperor of Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mexico" title="List of heads of state of Mexico">Regent</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andrés Manuel López Obrador Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Andrés_Manuel_López_Obrador_(2018–2024)1110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a> (2018–2024)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Interior" title="Secretariat of the Interior">Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olga_S%C3%A1nchez_Cordero" title="Olga Sánchez Cordero">Olga Sánchez Cordero</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A1n_Augusto_L%C3%B3pez" title="Adán Augusto López">Adán Augusto López</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Encinas_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez">Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Mar%C3%ADa_Alcalde_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Luisa María Alcalde Luján">Luisa Alcalde</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mexico)" title="Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)">Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a> (2018–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_B%C3%A1rcena" title="Alicia Bárcena">Alicia Bárcena</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_National_Defense_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico)">National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Cresencio_Sandoval" title="Luis Cresencio Sandoval">Luis Cresencio Sandoval</a> (2018–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Navy" title="Secretariat of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rafael_Ojeda_Dur%C3%A1n" title="José Rafael Ojeda Durán">José Rafael Ojeda Durán</a> (2018–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Finance_and_Public_Credit_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit (Mexico)">Finance and Public Credit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_Urz%C3%BAa_Mac%C3%ADas" title="Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías">Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Herrera_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Arturo Herrera Gutiérrez">Arturo Herrera Gutiérrez</a> (2019–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_la_O" title="Rogelio Ramírez de la O">Rogelio Ramírez de la O</a> (2021–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Welfare_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Welfare (Mexico)">Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Luisa_Albores" title="María Luisa Albores">María Luisa Albores</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_May_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Javier May Rodríguez">Javier May Rodríguez</a> (2020–2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariadna_Montiel_Reyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariadna Montiel Reyes (page does not exist)">Ariadna Montiel Reyes</a> (2022–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Energy_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Energy (Mexico)">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roc%C3%ADo_Nahle_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Rocío Nahle García">Rocío Nahle García</a> (2018–2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Maciel_Torres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Ángel Maciel Torres (page does not exist)">Miguel Ángel Maciel Torres</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Public_Education_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Public Education (Mexico)">Public Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Moctezuma" title="Esteban Moctezuma">Esteban Moctezuma</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delfina_G%C3%B3mez_%C3%81lvarez" title="Delfina Gómez Álvarez">Delfina Gómez Álvarez</a> (2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leticia_Ram%C3%ADrez_Amaya" title="Leticia Ramírez Amaya">Leticia Ramírez Amaya</a> (2022–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (Mexico)">Environment and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Blanco_Ortiz_Mena" class="mw-redirect" title="Josefa González Blanco Ortiz Mena">Josefa González Blanco Ortiz Mena</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_Toledo" title="Víctor Manuel Toledo">Víctor Manuel Toledo</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Luisa_Albores" title="María Luisa Albores">María Luisa Albores</a> (2020–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Economy" title="Secretariat of Economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graciela_M%C3%A1rquez_Col%C3%ADn" title="Graciela Márquez Colín">Graciela Márquez Colín</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Clouthier" title="Tatiana Clouthier">Tatiana Clouthier</a> (2020–2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raquel_Buenrostro_S%C3%A1nchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raquel Buenrostro Sánchez (page does not exist)">Raquel Buenrostro Sánchez</a> (2022–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (Mexico)">Agriculture and Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Villalobos" title="Víctor Villalobos">Víctor Villalobos</a> (2018–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Communications_and_Transportation_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (Mexico)">Communications and Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Jim%C3%A9nez_Espri%C3%BA" title="Javier Jiménez Espriú">Javier Jiménez Espriú</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Arganis_D%C3%ADaz_Leal" title="Jorge Arganis Díaz Leal">Jorge Arganis</a> (2020–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Nu%C3%B1o_Lara" title="Jorge Nuño Lara">Jorge Nuño Lara</a> (2022–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Health_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Health (Mexico)">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Alcocer_Varela" title="Jorge Alcocer Varela">Jorge Alcocer</a> (2018–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Anticorruption_and_Good_Governance" title="Secretariat of Anticorruption and Good Governance">Civil Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Sandoval" title="Irma Sandoval">Irma Sandoval</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Salcedo_Aquino" title="Roberto Salcedo Aquino">Roberto Salcedo</a> (2021–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Labor_and_Social_Welfare" title="Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare">Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Mar%C3%ADa_Alcalde_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Luisa María Alcalde Luján">Luisa Alcalde</a> (2018–2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marath_Bola%C3%B1os_L%C3%B3pez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marath Bolaños López (page does not exist)">Marath Bolaños López</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Agrarian,_Land,_and_Urban_Development_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Agrarian, Land, and Urban Development (Mexico)">Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n_Meyer_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Román Meyer Falcón">Román Meyer</a> (2018–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Culture" title="Secretariat of Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Frausto_Guerrero" title="Alejandra Frausto Guerrero">Alejandra Frausto</a> (2018–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Tourism_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Tourism (Mexico)">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Torruco_Marqu%C3%A9s" title="Miguel Torruco Marqués">Miguel Torruco</a> (2018–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_Mexico_City_15px135" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_Government_of_the_Mexican_Federal_District" title="Template:Heads of Government of the Mexican Federal District"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_Government_of_the_Mexican_Federal_District" title="Template talk:Heads of Government of the Mexican Federal District"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_Government_of_the_Mexican_Federal_District" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of Government of the Mexican Federal District"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_Mexico_City_15px135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mexico_City" title="List of mayors of Mexico City">Mayors of Mexico City</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico_City,_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico_City%2C_Mexico.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico_City%2C_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico_City%2C_Mexico.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico_City%2C_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico_City%2C_Mexico.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico_City%2C_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="1118" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1824–1917135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1824–1917</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Mexico_(1823%E2%80%9324)" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24)">Before the formal declaration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melchor_M%C3%BAzquiz" title="Melchor Múzquiz">Melchor Múzquiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_G%C3%B3mez_Pedraza" title="Manuel Gómez Pedraza">Manuel Gómez Pedraza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the <a href="/wiki/United_Mexican_States_(1824%E2%80%931864)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mexican States (1824–1864)">Federal District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jose_Mar%C3%ADa_Mendivil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jose María Mendivil (page does not exist)">Jose María Mendivil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Manuel_de_Elizalde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Manuel de Elizalde (page does not exist)">Juan Manuel de Elizalde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Molinos_del_Campo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Molinos del Campo (page does not exist)">Francisco Molinos del Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Manuel_de_Elizalde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Manuel de Elizalde (page does not exist)">Juan Manuel de Elizalde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Esteva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ignacio Esteva (page does not exist)">José Ignacio Esteva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Tornel" title="José María Tornel">José María Tornel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Esteva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ignacio Esteva (page does not exist)">José Ignacio Esteva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustine_of_F._Lebrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustine of F. Lebrija (page does not exist)">Augustine of F. Lebrija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Cervantes_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Cervantes (politician) (page does not exist)">Miguel Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Fagoaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Fagoaga (page does not exist)">Francisco Fagoaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacio_Mart%C3%ADnez_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacio Martínez (politician) (page does not exist)">Ignacio Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_de_Herrera" title="José Joaquín de Herrera">José Joaquín de Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacio_Mart%C3%ADnez_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacio Martínez (politician) (page does not exist)">Ignacio Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Esteva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ignacio Esteva (page does not exist)">José Ignacio Esteva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Tornel" title="José María Tornel">José María Tornel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Ray%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramón Rayón (page does not exist)">Ramón Rayón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_G%C3%B3mez_de_la_Cortina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Gómez de la Cortina (page does not exist)">José Gómez de la Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Madrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Fernández Madrid (page does not exist)">Manuel Fernández Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Garc%C3%ADa_Conde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco García Conde (page does not exist)">Francisco García Conde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_G._Vieyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis G. Vieyra (page does not exist)">Luis G. Vieyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the <a href="/wiki/Centralist_Republic_of_Mexico" title="Centralist Republic of Mexico">Department of Mexico</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agust%C3%ADn_Vicente_Eguia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agustín Vicente Eguia (page does not exist)">Agustín Vicente Eguia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Icaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José María Icaza (page does not exist)">José María Icaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Fernando_de_Peredo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Fernando de Peredo (page does not exist)">José Fernando de Peredo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_G._Vieyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis G. Vieyra (page does not exist)">Luis G. Vieyra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Calder%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel González Calderón (page does not exist)">Miguel González Calderón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_G._Vieyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis G. Vieyra (page does not exist)">Luis G. Vieyra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Barrera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José María Barrera (page does not exist)">José María Barrera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_G._Vieyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis G. Vieyra (page does not exist)">Luis G. Vieyra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_O._Zarate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis O. Zarate (page does not exist)">Francis O. Zarate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_G._Vieyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis G. Vieyra (page does not exist)">Luis G. Vieyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Canalizo" title="Valentín Canalizo">Valentín Canalizo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Rinc%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Rincón (page does not exist)">Manuel Rincón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacio_Incl%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacio Inclán (page does not exist)">Ignacio Inclán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/United_Mexican_States_(1824%E2%80%931864)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mexican States (1824–1864)">reinstatement</a>) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Guadalupe_Covarrubias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Guadalupe Covarrubias (page does not exist)">José Guadalupe Covarrubias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Romero_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicente Romero (politician) (page does not exist)">Vicente Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Baz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan José Baz (page does not exist)">Juan José Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jose_Ramon_Malo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jose Ramon Malo (page does not exist)">Jose Ramon Malo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the City Council of Mexico (<a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">U.S. Invasion</a>) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Reyes_Veramendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Reyes Veramendi (page does not exist)">Manuel Reyes Veramendi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Ju%C3%A1rez_Iriarte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Juárez Iriarte (page does not exist)">Francisco Juárez Iriarte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Flores_y_Ter%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John M. Flores y Terán (page does not exist)">John M. Flores y Terán</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ram%C3%B3n_Malo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ramón Malo (page does not exist)">José Ramón Malo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head of the Federal District (American)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">William Orlando Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Kearny" title="Stephen W. Kearny">Stephen W. Kearny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Second_Federal_Republic_of_Mexico" title="Second Federal Republic of Mexico">second reinstatement</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Torr%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Torrín (page does not exist)">Pedro Torrín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Anaya" title="Pedro María de Anaya">Pedro María de Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Azcarate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Azcarate (page does not exist)">Miguel Azcarate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Bonilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Díaz Bonilla (page does not exist)">Antonio Díaz Bonilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Baz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan José Baz (page does not exist)">Juan José Baz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitution_of_the_United_Mexican_States_of_1857" title="Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857">Constitution of 1857</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustine_Alcerreca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustine Alcerreca (page does not exist)">Augustine Alcerreca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Fern%C3%A1ndez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justin Fernández (page does not exist)">Justin Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Baz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan José Baz (page does not exist)">Juan José Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasio_Parrodi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anastasio Parrodi (page does not exist)">Anastasio Parrodi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81ngel_Fr%C3%ADas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ángel Frías (page does not exist)">Ángel Frías</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Mendoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José María González de Mendoza (page does not exist)">José María González de Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_S._Aramberri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph S. Aramberri (page does not exist)">Joseph S. Aramberri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Terreros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Terreros (page does not exist)">Manuel Terreros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponciano_Arriaga" title="Ponciano Arriaga">Ponciano Arriaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Mendoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José María González de Mendoza (page does not exist)">José María González de Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._of_the_Heron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. of the Heron (page does not exist)">John J. of the Heron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Mateos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Mateos (page does not exist)">John H. Mateos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joaquin_Mayor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joaquin Mayor (page does not exist)">Joaquin Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Ramos_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Ramos (politician) (page does not exist)">Manuel Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Maria_Azcarate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Maria Azcarate (page does not exist)">Miguel Maria Azcarate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Garcia_Aguirre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Garcia Aguirre (page does not exist)">Manuel Garcia Aguirre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Department of Mexico (<a href="/wiki/Reform_War" title="Reform War">Reform War</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_D%C3%ADaz_de_la_Vega" title="Rómulo Díaz de la Vega">Rómulo Díaz de la Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_G._Casanova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis G. Casanova (page does not exist)">Francis G. Casanova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Department of Mexico (<a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second Empire</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_del_Villar_Bocanegra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José del Villar Bocanegra (page does not exist)">José del Villar Bocanegra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Campero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Campero (page does not exist)">Manuel Campero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Icaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariano Icaza (page does not exist)">Mariano Icaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_O%27Hora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas O'Hora (page does not exist)">Thomas O'Hora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico" title="History of Mexico">Restored Republic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Baz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan José Baz (page does not exist)">Juan José Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_H._Velez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis H. Velez (page does not exist)">Francis H. Velez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Paz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Paz (page does not exist)">Francisco Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabino_Bustamante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabino Bustamante (page does not exist)">Gabino Bustamante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Chavero" title="Alfredo Chavero">Alfredo Chavero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Castro_(Mexican_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José María Castro (Mexican politician) (page does not exist)">José María Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiburcio_Montiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiburcio Montiel (page does not exist)">Tiburcio Montiel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joaqu%C3%ADn_A._P%C3%A9rez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joaquín A. Pérez (page does not exist)">Joaquín A. Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protasio_G._Tagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Protasio G. Tagle">Protasio G. Tagle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agust%C3%ADn_del_Rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agustín del Rio (page does not exist)">Agustín del Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Crisostomo_Bonilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Crisostomo Bonilla">Juan Crisostomo Bonilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_C._Curiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis C. Curiel">Luis C. Curiel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Pacheco_Villalobos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Pacheco Villalobos (page does not exist)">Carlos Pacheco Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramón Fernández (politician) (page does not exist)">Ramón Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Rivas_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Rivas (politician) (page does not exist)">Carlos Rivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ceballos_(Mexican_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="José Ceballos (Mexican politician)">José Ceballos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Dom%C3%ADnguez_(Mexican_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Domínguez (Mexican politician) (page does not exist)">Manuel Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Terreros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Terreros (page does not exist)">Manuel Terreros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Rinc%C3%B3n_Gallardo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Rincón Gallardo (page does not exist)">Pedro Rincón Gallardo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicol%C3%A1s_Island_and_Bustamante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolás Island and Bustamante (page does not exist)">Nicolás Island and Bustamante</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Rebollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafael Rebollar (page does not exist)">Rafael Rebollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_de_Landa_y_Escand%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillermo de Landa y Escandón">Guillermo de Landa y Escandón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Corral" title="Ramón Corral">Ramón Corral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_de_Landa_y_Escand%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillermo de Landa y Escandón">Guillermo de Landa y Escandón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Garc%C3%ADa_Cuellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel García Cuellar (page does not exist)">Samuel García Cuellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Madero Revolution</a>) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Garc%C3%ADa_Granados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberto García Granados (page does not exist)">Alberto García Granados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacio_Rivero_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacio Rivero (politician) (page does not exist)">Ignacio Rivero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Garza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico González Garza (page does not exist)">Federico González Garza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Government of Victoriano Huerta</a>) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Yarza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberto Yarza (page does not exist)">Alberto Yarza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Garc%C3%ADa_Cuellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel García Cuellar (page does not exist)">Samuel García Cuellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Corona" title="Ramón Corona">Ramón Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduardo_Iturbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduardo Iturbide (page does not exist)">Eduardo Iturbide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Constitutionalist Revolution</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Robles_Dom%C3%ADnguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Robles Domínguez (page does not exist)">Alfredo Robles Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Jara_Corona" title="Heriberto Jara Corona">Heriberto Jara Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Guti%C3%A9rrez_R.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Gutiérrez R. (page does not exist)">Juan Gutiérrez R.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Conventional Government</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Navarro_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicente Navarro (politician) (page does not exist)">Vicente Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Chao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Chao (page does not exist)">Manuel Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Alessio_Robles" title="Vito Alessio Robles">Vito Alessio Robles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magana_Cerda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magana Cerda (page does not exist)">Magana Cerda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governor of <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Mexico" title="Valley of Mexico">Valley of Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Constitutional Government</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_L%C3%B3pez_de_Lara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="César López de Lara (page does not exist)">César López de Lara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1917–present135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1917–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mexico" title="Constitution of Mexico">Constitution of 1917</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gonzalo_de_la_Mata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonzalo de la Mata (page does not exist)">Gonzalo de la Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_L%C3%B3pez_de_Lara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="César López de Lara (page does not exist)">César López de Lara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Carrancistas</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Breceda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Breceda (page does not exist)">Alfredo Breceda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnulfo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnulfo González (politician) (page does not exist)">Arnulfo González</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Breceda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Breceda (page does not exist)">Alfredo Breceda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benito_Flores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benito Flores (page does not exist)">Benito Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Rueda_Magro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Rueda Magro (page does not exist)">Manuel Rueda Magro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of the Federal District (<a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Obreg%C3%B3n" title="Álvaro Obregón">Obregón</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_G%C3%B3mez_Noriega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Gómez Noriega (page does not exist)">Manuel Gómez Noriega</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celestino_Gasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celestino Gasca (page does not exist)">Celestino Gasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Prieto_Laurens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Prieto Laurens">Jorge Prieto Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramón Ross (page does not exist)">Ramón Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Rodríguez (politician) (page does not exist)">Abel Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramón Ross (page does not exist)">Ramón Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Serrano_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Serrano (politician) (page does not exist)">Francisco Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primo_Villa_Michel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primo Villa Michel (page does not exist)">Primo Villa Michel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of the Federal District Department (<a href="/wiki/Regency_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency (government)">Regents</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Puig_Casauranc" title="José Manuel Puig Casauranc">José Manuel Puig Casauranc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cris%C3%B3foro_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crisóforo Ibáñez (page does not exist)">Crisóforo Ibáñez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamberto_Hern%C3%A1ndez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamberto Hernández (page does not exist)">Lamberto Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrique_Romero_Courtade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrique Romero Courtade (page does not exist)">Enrique Romero Courtade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Hernandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenzo Hernandez (page does not exist)">Lorenzo Hernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Estrada_Cajigal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Estrada Cajigal">Vicente Estrada Cajigal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Padilla_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Padilla (politician) (page does not exist)">Manuel Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_G._Cabral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John G. Cabral (page does not exist)">John G. Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aar%C3%B3n_S%C3%A1enz_Garza" title="Aarón Sáenz Garza">Aarón Sáenz Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosme_Hinojosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosme Hinojosa (page does not exist)">Cosme Hinojosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Siurob" title="José Siurob">José Siurob Ramírez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governor of Federal District (<a href="/wiki/Regency_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency (government)">Regents</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Rojo_G%C3%B3mez" title="Javier Rojo Gómez">Javier Rojo Gómez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of the Federal District Department (<a href="/wiki/Regency_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency (government)">Regents</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Casas_Germ%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Casas Germán (page does not exist)">Fernando Casas Germán</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Uruchurtu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernesto Uruchurtu (page does not exist)">Ernesto Uruchurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_Corona_del_Rosal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso Corona del Rosal (page does not exist)">Alfonso Corona del Rosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Mart%C3%ADnez_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Alfonso Martínez Domínguez">Alfonso Martínez Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavio_G%C3%B3mez_Senties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octavio Gómez Senties (page does not exist)">Octavio Gómez Senties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hank_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Carlos Hank González">Carlos Hank González</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Aguirre_Vel%C3%A1zquez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramón Aguirre Velázquez (page does not exist)">Ramón Aguirre Velázquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Camacho_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Manuel Camacho Solís">Manuel Camacho Solís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aguilera_G%C3%B3mez" title="Manuel Aguilera Gómez">Manuel Aguilera Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Espinosa_Villarreal" title="Óscar Espinosa Villarreal">Óscar Espinosa Villarreal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of Government of the Federal District (1997–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas">Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Robles" title="Rosario Robles">Rosario Robles</a> (interim)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Encinas_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez">Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Mancera" title="Miguel Ángel Mancera">Miguel Ángel Mancera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mayors of Mexico City (since 2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Mancera" title="Miguel Ángel Mancera">Miguel Ángel Mancera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ram%C3%B3n_Amieva" title="José Ramón Amieva">José Ramón Amieva</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_Batres" title="Martí Batres">Martí Batres</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Brugada" title="Clara Brugada">Clara Brugada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318508#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1845" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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