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class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> icon </div> </div> </div> <table width="900" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF;color:white; vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap; width: 0px; padding: 0px; "><img src="http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/sites/all/themes/custom/hop2/images/titles/HOP_Explore_Topic_Banners_Politics.png" alt="Our Publications" width="900"></td> </tr> </table> <br><h2>Explore Articles in Politics</h2> </div> </div> <div id="content-bottom"> <div id="block-views-hop2_explore_related-block_2" class="block "> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-hop2-explore-related view-id-hop2_explore_related view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/the_whig_schism_of_1719-20"><h3 class="title">The Whig Schism of 1717-20</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In 1717, as a result of growing disunity among senior Whig members of the government, a sizeable association of leading MPs and peers broke away from the ruling Whig administration, and until 1720 acted with the opposition. Historians often refer to this political rupture as the ‘Whig schism’.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/the_whig_schism_of_1719-20">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/union-ireland-1800"><h3 class="title">The Union with Ireland, 1800</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The 1798 rebellion in Ireland brought to a head British government concerns over the state of constitutional relations between the two countries. After negotiations and parliamentary proceedings at Westminster and in Dublin, where considerable bribery and corruption were deployed, a legislative...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/union-ireland-1800">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/ultra-tories-and-fall-wellington-government-1830"><h3 class="title">The Ultra Tories and the fall of the Wellington government, 1830</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In November they played a crucial role in Wellington’s downfall, when they voted with the Whigs and other opposition groups to inflict a defeat on him over the civil list. Unfortunately for the Ultras, their act of revenge was achieved at a heavy political price.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/ultra-tories-and-fall-wellington-government-1830">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/scheldt-divisions-1810"><h3 class="title">The Scheldt divisions, 1810</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In late Ju1y 1809 the duke of Portland’s ministry sent 39,000 troops to the Dutch island of Walcheren in the mouth of the River Scheldt. The ensuing military disaster contributed to the collapse of the ministry. The chancellor of the exchequer Spencer Perceval became prime minister and formed a...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/scheldt-divisions-1810">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/tudors/royal-succession-under-elizabeth"><h3 class="title">The Royal Succession Under Elizabeth</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">Even before her accession to the English throne Elizabeth was expected to marry and had no shortage of suitors. Once queen her prospective marriage became a matter of national importance and parliamentary debate because it was inseparable from the questions of who would succeed her on the throne...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/tudors/royal-succession-under-elizabeth">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/queen-caroline-affair-1820"><h3 class="title">The Queen Caroline Affair, 1820</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">George IV’s determination, following his succession to the throne in 1820, to finally obtain a divorce from his estranged wife, Caroline of Brunswick, sparked an opposition campaign, both in Parliament and in the country, which threatened the survival of Lord Liverpool’s Tory administration.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/queen-caroline-affair-1820">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/public-and-parliament-seventeenth-century"><h3 class="title">The Public and Parliament in the seventeenth century</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">Professor Chris Kyle, from Syracuse University, explains how close people could get to Parliament in the seventeenth century.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/public-and-parliament-seventeenth-century">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/prince-waless-friends-1801-1812"><h3 class="title">The Prince of Wales's Friends, 1801-1812</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">A recurrence of George III’s mental illness in February 1801 delayed the formalities of the replacement of William Pitt as prime minister by Henry Addington, and raised the prospect of a regency or even a new reign. The heir apparent, George, prince of Wales, started to plan an administration...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/prince-waless-friends-1801-1812">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-9 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/portland-whigs-1792-4"><h3 class="title">The Portland Whigs, 1792-4</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">From 1792, as the French revolution took an increasingly violent course, posing a threat to monarchical Europe and raising the prospect of war, the more conservative section of the opposition Whig party, under the leadership of the 3rd duke of Portland, gradually moved closer to Pitt’s ministry...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/portland-whigs-1792-4">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-10 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-order-of-the-royal-oak"><h3 class="title">The Order of the Royal Oak</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The order of the Royal Oak (or knight of the Royal Oak) was a new order of knighthood planned during the early part of Charles II’s reign as a reward to royalist supporters, but it was never actually instituted. Knowledge of the proposal derives from a list of 675 gentry who were to be members or...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-order-of-the-royal-oak">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-11 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/old-palace-westminster"><h3 class="title">The Old Palace of Westminster</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">By the eighteenth century, if not before, the palace of Westminster was considered insultingly inadequate as the home of Parliament. It consisted of a ramshackle set of decaying structures, connected by narrow lanes and dark corridors, with a mixture of new and old chambers set on different...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/old-palace-westminster">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-12 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/modern/new-palace-westminster"><h3 class="title">The New Palace of Westminster</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The fire of 1834, which destroyed much but not all of the old palace of Westminster, provided an opportunity to put into place some of the long existing hopes and plans for a purpose-built Parliament. After a controversial competition, and amid seemingly interminable wrangling, the project was ...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/modern/new-palace-westminster">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-13 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-mock-election-at-garrat"><h3 class="title">The Mock Election at Garrat, 1768: From Carnival to Sedition</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In the 1760s the mock election at Garrat, which had originated in the late seventeenth century, changed from being a harmless carnival to being a theatre of radical politics. Thereafter, the mock election mimicked national politics, with the issues of the day being raised and the most popular...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-mock-election-at-garrat">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-14 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/maiden-speech-1826"><h3 class="title">The Maiden Speech in 1826</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The required maiden speech of the early nineteenth century was of a different type to its predecessor of the eighteenth. During the previous hundred years, when only a minority of Members aspired to be considered orators, the theatrical maiden speech was de rigueur for any Member with...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/maiden-speech-1826">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-15 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/leicester-house-faction"><h3 class="title">The Leicester House faction</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">Under the Hanoverian monarchs it became almost the norm for princes of Wales and their households to provide a focus of opposition to the king and his ministers. A ‘prince’s party’ was active in Parliament during 1717-20, 1737-42, 1747-51 and 1755-57. </span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/leicester-house-faction">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-16 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/independents"><h3 class="title">The Independents and the Long Parliament, 1644-48</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The Independents were arguably the most powerful and successful of the political factions in the Long Parliament. They played a major role in some of Parliament’s boldest political initiatives and, consequently, in helping to win the civil war against Charles I. The creation of the Long...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/independents">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-17 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-hanover-club"><h3 class="title">The Hanover Club</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The Hanover Club was a society of prominent and active Whigs dedicated in particular to championing support for the Hanoverian succession, and for the Whig cause generally, both in Parliament and the constituencies. The club had come into existence by the spring of 1712, though there is evidence...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-hanover-club">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-18 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-foxite-whig-rump"><h3 class="title">The Foxite Whig Rump</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">Conservative Whigs gravitated towards the government in response to the violent excesses of the French revolution, and resulted in the junction of the Portland Whigs with Pitt’s ministry in July 1794. From December 1792 Fox was left with a rump of about 55 steady followers in the Commons.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/the-foxite-whig-rump">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-19 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/modern/fire-1834"><h3 class="title">The Fire of 1834</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">By the late Georgian period, the buildings of the Palace of Westminster had become an accident waiting to happen.  The rambling complex of medieval and early modern apartments making up the Houses of Parliament - which over the centuries architects including Wren, Wyatt and Soane had ...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/modern/fire-1834">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-20 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/duke-york-scandal-1809"><h3 class="title">The Duke of York Scandal, 1809</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In the first quarter of 1809, public attention was distracted from the recent British military humiliation in Spain by the scandal of the alleged involvement of the duke of York, the king’s second son and commander-in-chief of the army, in the sale of commissions by his former mistress, Mrs. Mary...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/duke-york-scandal-1809">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-21 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/duke-cambridge-and-hanoverian-succession-1706-14"><h3 class="title">The Duke of Cambridge and the Hanoverian Succession, 1706-14</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The duke of Cambridge was the English title bestowed in 1706 on George Augustus, the electoral prince of Hanover (and future British king, George II). Although the prince did not actually set foot on British soil until his arrival with his father in September 1714, his name was frequently at...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/duke-cambridge-and-hanoverian-succession-1706-14">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-22 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/committee-elections-under-walpole"><h3 class="title">The Committee of Elections under Walpole</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The Committee of Elections – which also deliberated in occasional cases where individual MPs’ claimed infringement of their rights of ‘privilege’ – was, at least in theory, a judicial body acting to judge each case impartially on its merits.   In reality, however, proceedings...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/committee-elections-under-walpole">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-23 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/civil-list-division-1830"><h3 class="title">The Civil List division of 1830</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The civil list division of 1830 resulted in defeat for the duke of Wellington's Tory administration, and paved the way for the formation of Lord Grey's ministry and the introduction of the reform bill.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/civil-list-division-1830">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-24 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/new-opposition-1801-4"><h3 class="title">The 'New Opposition', 1801-4</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The 'New Opposition' originated in opposition by a group of former ministers to the terms of the peace preliminaries negotiated with France by Pitt's successor Henry Addington. By early 1804 Grenville and his allies were co-operating with Charles James Fox’s Whigs to form a combined...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/new-opposition-1801-4">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-25 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/armed-neutrality-1797"><h3 class="title">The 'Armed Neutrality', 1797</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In March 1797, when William Pitt’s ministry was grappling with a national financial crisis, a group of about 30 disgruntled backbenchers, led by the Scotsman Sir John Sinclair, formed a self-styled ‘armed neutrality’ with the object of ending the Pitt-Fox polarization of politics and securing...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/hanoverians/armed-neutrality-1797">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-26 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/publicising-parliament-seventeenth-century"><h3 class="title">Publicising Parliament in the seventeenth century</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">We think of Parliament before the publication of its proceedings was generally allowed in the 1770s as a secretive place. But here Jason Peacey, from University College London, talks about how widely information about what was said and done in the House of Commons was distributed throughout the...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/publicising-parliament-seventeenth-century">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-27 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/petitioning-parliament-nineteenth-century"><h3 class="title">Petitioning Parliament in the nineteenth century</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The History of Parliament Trust's Henry Miller examines the huge growth in petitions to Parliament from members of the public in the nineteenth century, and how the House of Commons had to change its procedures to avoid public business collapsing from the strain.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/petitioning-parliament-nineteenth-century">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-28 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/peterloo-and-the-six-acts-1819"><h3 class="title">Peterloo and the Six Acts, 1819</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">On 16 Aug. 1819, there were 11 fatalities in St. Peter’s Fields, Manchester, when the local magistrates sent in the military to arrest Henry `Orator’ Hunt, who had drawn a large crowd to hear him call for radical parliamentary reform. The leading Whigs condemned the episode, but were divided...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/peterloo-and-the-six-acts-1819">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-29 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/medieval/parliamentary_privilege_freedom_arrest_imprisonment"><h3 class="title">Parliamentary Privilege in the Middle Ages</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">Among the earliest of the privileges claimed by the Lords and Commons in Parliament was protection from arrest and imprisonment. The earliest known example of a Member of the Commons claiming immunity dates from 1340. From the early fifteenth century there were attempts by the Commons to have the...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/medieval/parliamentary_privilege_freedom_arrest_imprisonment">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-30 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-25-november-1696-passing-bill-attainder-against-jacobite-sir-john-fenwick"><h3 class="title">On this day: 25 November 1696, the passing of the bill of attainder against the Jacobite Sir John Fenwick</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The last of our articles for Parliament Week, 2012. Dr Paul Seaward discusses the passing of the bill of attainder against Sir John Fenwick, a jacobite conspirator, that would lead to his exectuion for treason in what many considered to be a politically-motivated murder.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-25-november-1696-passing-bill-attainder-against-jacobite-sir-john-fenwick">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-31 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-23-november-1644-publication-miltons-areopagitica-and-regulation-press"><h3 class="title">On this Day: 23 November 1644, the publication of Milton's Areopagitica and regulation of the press</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The fifth of our articles for Parliament Week, 2012. Dr Vivienne Larminie discusses press regulation in the 17th century, and what prompted Milton to publish his 'Areopagitica' in 1644.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-23-november-1644-publication-miltons-areopagitica-and-regulation-press">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-32 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/modern/day-22-november-1830-formation-earl-greys-government"><h3 class="title">On this Day: 22 November 1830: The Formation of Earl Grey's Government</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The fourth of our articles for Parliament Week, 2012. Dr Philip Salmon discusses the formation and composition of Earl Grey's government, who were best known for the 'Great' Reform Act of 1832.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/modern/day-22-november-1830-formation-earl-greys-government">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-33 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-21-november-1606-proposed-union-between-england-and-scotland"><h3 class="title">On this Day: 21 November 1606: The proposed union between England and Scotland</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In our third article for Parliament Week 2012, Dr Andrew Thrush discusses the parliamentary debates on James VI & I's proposed union between England and Scotland.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-21-november-1606-proposed-union-between-england-and-scotland">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-34 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/medieval/day-20-november-1459-parliament-devils-assembles-coventry"><h3 class="title">On this Day: 20 November 1459, The 'Parliament of Devils' assembles at Coventry</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The second of our articles for Parliament Week, 2012. Dr Linda Clark discusses the 'Parliament of Devils' called on this day in 1459 during the Wars of the Roses.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/medieval/day-20-november-1459-parliament-devils-assembles-coventry">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-35 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-19-november-1600-birth-charles-i"><h3 class="title">On this Day: 19 November 1600, the birth of Charles I </h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">Our first article for Parliament Week, 2012: born on this day, 1600, Charles Stuart, later Charles I. Dr Andrew Thrush discusses Charles' early life and relationship with parliament.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/day-19-november-1600-birth-charles-i">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-36 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/tudors/day-24-november-1586-parliament%E2%80%99s-intervention-against-mary-queen-scots"><h3 class="title">On this day, 24 November 1586: Parliament’s intervention against Mary, Queen of Scots</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The sixth of our articles for Parliament Week, 2012. Dr Paul Seaward discusses parliament's attempts to persuade their monarch, Elizabeth I, that Mary, Queen of Scots, should be executed for treason in 1586.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/tudors/day-24-november-1586-parliament%E2%80%99s-intervention-against-mary-queen-scots">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-37 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/gascoynes-wrecking-amendment-1831"><h3 class="title">Gascoyne's Wrecking Amendment, 1831</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">On 22 March 1831 the second reading of the Grey ministry’s parliamentary reform bill for England and Wales was carried by the narrowest of margins, 302-301. However, the following month the leading figures in the Tory opposition united behind an amendment which precipitated a general election.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/gascoynes-wrecking-amendment-1831">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-38 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/tudors/freedom-speech-elizabethan-parliaments"><h3 class="title">Freedom of speech in Elizabethan Parliaments</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">By the mid-sixteenth century it was customary that at the opening of Parliament Speakers would request confirmation of the ‘ancient liberties’ of the Commons, namely freedom of speech and ‘privilege’ from arrest during sessions. From the beginning of her reign Elizabeth tried to reserve...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/tudors/freedom-speech-elizabethan-parliaments">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-39 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/england-scotland-and-treaty-union-1706-08"><h3 class="title">England, Scotland and the Treaty of Union, 1706-08</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">In 1707, under the terms of the Treaty of Union, England and Scotland became a single state – the United Kingdom of Great Britain – and the parliaments at Westminster and Edinburgh were replaced by a single ‘Parliament of Great Britain’.   The arrangements for establishing the new...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/england-scotland-and-treaty-union-1706-08">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-40 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/country-gentlemen"><h3 class="title">County Members and Country Politicians</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">There was a high degree of overlap between the country gentlemen, the county Members and the ‘Country’ politicians, but these terms were not identical. In the mid-eighteenth century a good example was Sir George Savile (1726-84), who owned estates in Nottinghamshire and in Yorkshire. </span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/country-gentlemen">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-41 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/county-elections-1504"><h3 class="title">County elections before 1504</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The early history of parliamentary elections is obscure.  Their form is clear – they were conducted by the sheriffs and held in the county court – but there certainty ends.  In so far as any picture can be developed, it is one of an electoral process dominated by the leading...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/county-elections-1504">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-42 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/canning%27s-%27little-senate%27%2C-1798-1813"><h3 class="title">Canning's 'little senate', 1798-1813</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">George Canning (1770-1827) was the most talented Member of the House of Commons of his generation, but his political career, which took him (briefly) to the pinnacle, was chequered and controversial. He entered the House in 1793 as a devoted Pittite, and by 1798 had there a band of ten personal...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/themes/politics/canning%27s-%27little-senate%27%2C-1798-1813">read more</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-43 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/death-prince-henry-and-succession-crisis-1612-1614"><h3 class="title"> The Death of Prince Henry and the Succession Crisis of 1612-1614</h3></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-phpcode"> <span class="field-content">The sudden death of Henry, Prince of Wales from typhoid fever on 6 November 1612 sent shock waves through the Court of James VI and I. The unexpected death at the age of eighteen of the heir to the thrones of England and Scotland was a major blow to the Stuart dynasty, just as the equally...</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/periods/stuarts/death-prince-henry-and-succession-crisis-1612-1614">read more</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-36" class="block "> <div class="content"> <table width="300" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F3F5F6;background-image:url('http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/sites/all/themes/custom/hop2/images/backgrounds/explore_title.jpg');color:white;padding:20px;vertical-align:middle;text-align: right;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position: 30px 15px;" width="260" height="38">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#7F7F7F;" height="10"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFF;" height="12"><a href="http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/explore/articles?t=8811"><h2 style="color:#13A8C9;padding: 15px 0px 0px 30px;">Articles in Politics</h2></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFF;" height="12"><h2 style="padding: 15px 0px 0px 30px;">Related articles</h2></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div id="block-views-hop2_explore_related-block_3" class="block "> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-hop2-explore-related view-id-hop2_explore_related view-display-id-block_3 view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/explore/articles?t=8811/8823">Medieval</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/explore/articles?t=8811/41108">Tudors</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/explore/articles?t=8811/8816">Stuarts</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/explore/articles?t=8811/8807">Hanoverians</a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/explore/articles?t=8811/41109">Modern</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-37" class="block "> <div class="content"> <table width="300" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F3F5F6;" height="20"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#13A8C9;" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF;color:white; vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap; width: 0px; padding: 0px; "><a href="http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/about/publications"><img src="http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/sites/all/themes/custom/hop2/images/backgrounds/buy-our-pubs-footer-block.jpg" alt="Our Publications" width="300"></a></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div id="footer-gradient"> </div> <div id="footer"><div id="copyright"> © Crown copyright and The History of Parliament Trust 1964-2020 </div> <div id="footer-links"> <ul> <li><a href="/about/terms-and-conditions" title="Terms & Conditions">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/help/privacy-and-cookies">Privacy & Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/about/faqs">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/commonly-used-abbreviations" title="Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:website@histparl.ac.uk">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div></div> <div id="ihr-logo"><a href="http://www.history.ac.uk" target="_blank"><img src="/files/IHR-maintained-logo.png" alt="IHR Logo" /></a></div> </div> </body> </html>