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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Accessibility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internationalization_and_localization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internationalization_and_localization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Internationalization and localization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internationalization_and_localization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Session_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Session_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Session types </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Session_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Session types subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Session_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-GNOME_Shell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_Shell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 GNOME Shell </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_Shell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME_Classic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_Classic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 GNOME Classic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_Classic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME_Flashback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_Flashback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 GNOME Flashback </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_Flashback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Mobile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Applications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Applications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Core_Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Core Applications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Core_Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Development tools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME_Circle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_Circle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 GNOME Circle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_Circle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-GNOME_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 GNOME 1 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 GNOME 2 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 GNOME 3 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME_40_and_higher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_40_and_higher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 GNOME 40 and higher </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_40_and_higher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNOME_Panel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNOME_Panel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 GNOME Panel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNOME_Panel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Releases </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Releases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Releases subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Release_cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Release cycle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Release_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Release history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Release_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Development platform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dependencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dependencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Dependencies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dependencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windowing_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windowing_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Windowing System </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windowing_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-systemd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#systemd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 systemd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-systemd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">GNOME</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="جنوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE" title="গানোম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গানোম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gnome" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="گنوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%86%88" title="그놈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그놈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%86%D5%95%D5%84" title="ԳՆՕՄ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԳՆՕՄ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82" title="ഗ്നോം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്നോം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE_(%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8)" title="जिनोम (लिनक्स) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जिनोम (लिनक्स)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_GNOME" title="Пројекат GNOME – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пројекат GNOME" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குநோம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குநோம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D(GNOME)" title="గ్నోమ్(GNOME) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్నోమ్(GNOME)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1" title="กโนม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กโนม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="گنوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="GNOME" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like systems</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the desktop environment. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gnome_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gnome (disambiguation)">Gnome (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">GNOME</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnomelogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gnomelogo.svg/90px-Gnomelogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gnomelogo.svg/135px-Gnomelogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gnomelogo.svg/180px-Gnomelogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="488" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Shell.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell.png/220px-GNOME_Shell.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell.png/330px-GNOME_Shell.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell.png/440px-GNOME_Shell.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a> with <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a>, Weather and <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Files" title="GNOME Files">Files</a> (version 47)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Icaza" title="Miguel de Icaza">Miguel de Icaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federico_Mena" class="mw-redirect" title="Federico Mena">Federico Mena</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME Project</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">3 March 1999; 25 years ago (1999-03-03)<a href="#cite_note-gnome1-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">47.1<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-7559f5ae68827225167d7d393c816fa64e9bd5fa-v18-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 22 October 2024</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME">gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vala_(programming_language)" title="Vala (programming language)">Vala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a><a href="#cite_note-gnomelanguages-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland</a> and <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X11</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">38 languages<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">Desktop environment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL-2.0-or-later</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnome.org/">www.gnome.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> GNOME (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɡəˈnoʊm/, /ˈnoʊm/</a>)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> originally an acronym for GNU Network Object Model Environment,<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source</a> <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a> for <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>. Many major <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise">SUSE Linux Enterprise</a> distribute GNOME as their default desktop environment; it is also the default in <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Oracle Solaris</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> operating system. GNOME is developed by the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME Project</a>, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> It is an international project that aims to develop <a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">frameworks</a> for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the <a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">internationalization, localization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessibility</a> of that software. In 2023/2024, GNOME received over 1 million Euros from Germany's <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Tech_Fund" title="Sovereign Tech Fund">Sovereign Tech Fund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_interface_design">User interface design</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: User interface design">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adwaita_(design_language)" title="Adwaita (design language)">Adwaita (design language)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Worse_is_better" title="Worse is better">Worse is better</a>, <a href="/wiki/KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Principles_of_user_interface_design" title="Principles of user interface design">Principles of user interface design</a></div> Since GNOME 2, productivity has been a key focus for GNOME. To meet this end, the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Human_Interface_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Human Interface Guidelines">GNOME Human Interface Guidelines</a> (HIG) were created. All GNOME programs share a coherent style of <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">interfaces</a> but are not limited to the employment of the same <a href="/wiki/GUI_widget" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI widget">GUI widgets</a>. Rather, the design of the GNOME's interface is guided by concepts described in the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Human_Interface_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Human Interface Guidelines">GNOME Human Interface Guidelines</a>, itself relying on insights from <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_ergonomics" title="Cognitive ergonomics">cognitive ergonomics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Human_Interface_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Human Interface Guidelines">GNOME Human Interface Guidelines</a>, developers can create high-quality, consistent, and usable GUI programs, as it addresses everything from <a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">interface design</a> to the recommended pixel-based layout of widgets. During the GNOME 2 rewrite, many settings deemed of little value to the majority of users were removed. The guiding principle was outlined by <a href="/wiki/Havoc_Pennington" title="Havoc Pennington">Havoc Pennington</a> – a software developer involved in the project – who emphasized the idea that it is better to make software behave correctly by default than to add a UI preference to get the desired behavior: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">A traditional free software application is configurable so that it has the union of all features anyone's ever seen in any equivalent application on any other historical platform. Or even configurable to be the union of all applications that anyone's ever seen on any historical platform (<a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> *cough*). Does this hurt anything? Yes it does. It turns out that preferences have a cost. [..] [E]ach one has a price, and you have to carefully consider its value. Many users and developers don't understand this, and end up with a lot of cost and little value for their preferences dollar. <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Havoc_Pennington" title="Havoc Pennington">Havoc Pennington</a>, Free software UI<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessibility">Accessibility</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Accessibility">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Computer_accessibility" title="Computer accessibility">Computer accessibility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca (assistive technology)</a></div> GNOME aims to make and keep the desktop environment <a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">physically</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_ergonomics" title="Cognitive ergonomics">cognitively ergonomic</a> for people with <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabilities</a>. The <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Human_Interface_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Human Interface Guidelines">GNOME Human Interface Guidelines</a> try to take this into account as far as possible but specific issues are solved by special software. GNOME addresses <a href="/wiki/Computer_accessibility" title="Computer accessibility">computer accessibility</a> issues by using the <a href="/wiki/Accessibility_Toolkit" title="Accessibility Toolkit">Accessibility Toolkit</a> (ATK) <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a>, which allows enhancing user experience by using special <a href="/wiki/Input_method" title="Input method">input methods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> software. Particular utilities are registered with ATK using <a href="/wiki/Assistive_Technology_Service_Provider_Interface" title="Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface">Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface</a> (AT-SPI), and become globally used throughout the desktop. Several assistive technology providers, including <a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca</a> screen reader and <a href="/wiki/Dasher_(software)" title="Dasher (software)">Dasher</a> input method, were developed specifically for use with GNOME. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internationalization_and_localization">Internationalization and localization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internationalization and localization">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion with: <ul><li>support for special fonts</li> <li>right to left fonts You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (June 2021)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The internationalization and localization of GNOME software relies on <a href="/wiki/Locale_(computer_software)" title="Locale (computer software)">locale</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], and supports 197 languages with varying levels of completion, with some not being translated at all.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Session_types">Session types</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Session types">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_Shell">GNOME Shell</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: GNOME Shell">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a></div><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a> is the main <a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">graphical shell</a> of GNOME. It features a top bar holding (from left to right) an Activities button, an application menu, a clock and an integrated system status menu.<a href="#cite_note-gnomeshellterminology-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-gnome310releasenotes-19">[19]</a> The application menu displays the name of the application in focus and provides access to functions such as accessing the application's preferences, closing the application, or creating a new application window. The status menu holds various system status indicators, shortcuts to system settings, and session actions including logging out, switching users, locking the screen, and suspending the computer. Clicking on the Activities button, moving the mouse to the top-left hot corner or pressing the <a href="/wiki/Super_key_(keyboard_button)" title="Super key (keyboard button)">Super key</a> brings up the Overview.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The Overview gives users an overview of current activities and provides a way to switch between windows and workspaces and to launch applications. The Dash on the bottom houses shortcuts to favorite applications, currently open windows, and an application picker button to show a list of all installed applications.<a href="#cite_note-gnomeshellterminology-18">[18]</a> A search bar appears at the top and a workspace list for viewing and switching between workspaces is directly above it. Notifications appear from the top of the shell.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:816px;max-width:816px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_04.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_04.png/200px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_04.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_04.png/300px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_04.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_04.png/400px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_04.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_15.png/200px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_15.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_15.png/300px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_15.png/400px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_15.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_22.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_22.png/200px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_22.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_22.png/300px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_22.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_22.png/400px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_22.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_28.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_28.png/200px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_28.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_28.png/300px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_28.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_28.png/400px-VirtualBox_GnomeOS4_15_11_2024_13_36_28.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_Classic">GNOME Classic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: GNOME Classic">edit</a>]</div> Beginning with GNOME 3.8, GNOME provides a suite of officially supported GNOME Shell extensions that provide an Applications menu (a basic <a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">start menu</a>) and a "Places menu" on the top bar and a panel with a windows list at the bottom of the screen that lets users quickly minimize and restore open windows, a "Show Desktop" button in the bottom left corner, and virtual desktops in the bottom right corner.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> GNOME Classic also adds the minimize and maximize buttons to window headers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:257px;max-width:257px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Classic_3.36_(2020-03).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GNOME_Classic_3.36_%282020-03%29.png/255px-GNOME_Classic_3.36_%282020-03%29.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GNOME_Classic_3.36_%282020-03%29.png/383px-GNOME_Classic_3.36_%282020-03%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GNOME_Classic_3.36_%282020-03%29.png/510px-GNOME_Classic_3.36_%282020-03%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">GNOME Classic 3.36 (March 2020)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:231px;max-width:231px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Classic_3.12_beta_(2014-03)_with_Nautilus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GNOME_Classic_3.12_beta_%282014-03%29_with_Nautilus.png/229px-GNOME_Classic_3.12_beta_%282014-03%29_with_Nautilus.png" decoding="async" width="229" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GNOME_Classic_3.12_beta_%282014-03%29_with_Nautilus.png/344px-GNOME_Classic_3.12_beta_%282014-03%29_with_Nautilus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GNOME_Classic_3.12_beta_%282014-03%29_with_Nautilus.png/458px-GNOME_Classic_3.12_beta_%282014-03%29_with_Nautilus.png 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">GNOME Classic 3.12 with GNOME Files (March 2014)</div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_Flashback">GNOME Flashback</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: GNOME Flashback">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Flashback_3.36_with_GNOME_Panel_3.36_(2020-03).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/GNOME_Flashback_3.36_with_GNOME_Panel_3.36_%282020-03%29.png/220px-GNOME_Flashback_3.36_with_GNOME_Panel_3.36_%282020-03%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/GNOME_Flashback_3.36_with_GNOME_Panel_3.36_%282020-03%29.png/330px-GNOME_Flashback_3.36_with_GNOME_Panel_3.36_%282020-03%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/GNOME_Flashback_3.36_with_GNOME_Panel_3.36_%282020-03%29.png/440px-GNOME_Flashback_3.36_with_GNOME_Panel_3.36_%282020-03%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1199" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Edited_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Edited image">edited image</a> of GNOME Flashback 3.36 that shows its functions including the Main menu, and the plug-ins of <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Panel">GNOME Panel</a></figcaption></figure> GNOME Flashback is an official session for GNOME 3. Based on <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Panel">GNOME Panel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> it is lightweight,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> has lower hardware requirements, and uses less <a href="/wiki/System_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="System resources">system resources</a> than <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> It provides a traditional and highly customizable <a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">taskbar</a> (panel) with many plug-ins bundled in one package (gnome-applets), including a customizable <a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">start menu</a>. It provides a similar user experience to the GNOME 2.x series and has customization capacities built in. GNOME Flashback consists of the following components: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity </a>(window manager)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Panel">GNOME Panel</a> – a highly configurable taskbar</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeApplets">gnome-applets</a> –<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> a collection of useful <a href="/wiki/Applet" title="Applet">applets</a> for the GNOME Panel</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile">Mobile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mobile">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Mobile">GNOME Mobile</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Phosh" title="Phosh">Phosh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libadwaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Libadwaita">Libadwaita</a></div> <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Mobile">GNOME Mobile</a> is an initiative within the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME project</a> to adapt the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_desktop_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME desktop environment">GNOME desktop environment</a>, shell, <a href="/wiki/GNOME_ecosystem" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME ecosystem">app ecosystem</a> and other related components for use on <a href="/wiki/Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">mobile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touch-based</a> devices such as <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:692px;max-width:692px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:172px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Phone-concept-2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Phone-concept-2022.png/270px-Phone-concept-2022.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Phone-concept-2022.png/405px-Phone-concept-2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Phone-concept-2022.png/540px-Phone-concept-2022.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mockups of mobile GNOME Shell views (overview, app grid, system status area)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:416px;max-width:416px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:172px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosh,_the_GNOME_mobile_shell,_developed_by_Purism_and_GNOME_(2018-05).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Phosh%2C_the_GNOME_mobile_shell%2C_developed_by_Purism_and_GNOME_%282018-05%29.jpg/414px-Phosh%2C_the_GNOME_mobile_shell%2C_developed_by_Purism_and_GNOME_%282018-05%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="414" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Phosh%2C_the_GNOME_mobile_shell%2C_developed_by_Purism_and_GNOME_%282018-05%29.jpg/621px-Phosh%2C_the_GNOME_mobile_shell%2C_developed_by_Purism_and_GNOME_%282018-05%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Phosh%2C_the_GNOME_mobile_shell%2C_developed_by_Purism_and_GNOME_%282018-05%29.jpg/828px-Phosh%2C_the_GNOME_mobile_shell%2C_developed_by_Purism_and_GNOME_%282018-05%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A mockup of <a href="/wiki/Phosh" title="Phosh">Phosh</a>, the mobile shell, developed by <a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a> and GNOME (May 2018)</div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Core_Applications">Core Applications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Core Applications">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME Core Applications</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:GNOME" title="Talk:GNOME">talk page</a> may contain suggestions. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> There are a large number of <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a>-based programs written by various authors. Since the release of GNOME 3.0, <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME Project</a> concentrates on developing a set of programs that accounts for the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME Core Applications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The commonalities of the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME Core Applications</a> are the adherence to the current <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Human_Interface_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Human Interface Guidelines">GNOME Human Interface Guidelines</a> (HIG) as well as the tight integration with underlying GNOME layers like e.g. <a href="/wiki/GVfs" title="GVfs">GVfs</a> (GNOME virtual filesystem) and also with one another e.g. GOA (gnome-online-accounts)<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> settings and <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Files" title="GNOME Files">GNOME Files</a> with <a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Google Drive</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Photos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Photos (page does not exist)">GNOME Photos</a> with <a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Google Photos</a>. Some programs are simply existing programs with a new name and revamped user interface, while others have been written from scratch. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_tools">Development tools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Development tools">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome_Builder_46.1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gnome_Builder_46.1.png/220px-Gnome_Builder_46.1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gnome_Builder_46.1.png/330px-Gnome_Builder_46.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gnome_Builder_46.1.png/440px-Gnome_Builder_46.1.png 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Builder" title="GNOME Builder">GNOME Builder</a></figcaption></figure> The GNOME project provides a <a href="/wiki/Software_suite" title="Software suite">suite of software</a> <a href="/wiki/Development_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Development tools">development tools</a> to facilitate the creation of <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME software</a>. These tools are designed to streamline the development process for the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME ecosystem</a>. <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Builder" title="GNOME Builder">GNOME Builder</a>: The official <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a> developed by the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME project</a>, replacing the older <a href="/wiki/Anjuta" title="Anjuta">Anjuta</a> IDE.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a> design: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambalache_Interface_Designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambalache Interface Designer">Cambalache Interface Designer</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">Rapid Application Development (RAD)</a> IDE for GTK 3 and GTK 4, serving as the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Glade_Interface_Designer" title="Glade Interface Designer">Glade Interface Designer</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">Debugging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Documentation" title="Documentation">Documentation</a> Tools: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GTK_Inspector" class="mw-redirect" title="GTK Inspector">GTK Inspector</a>: Shipped with <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a>, this tool allows developers to inspect the widget tree of an application for <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> purposes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Devhelp" title="GNOME Devhelp">Devhelp</a>: A GNOME utility for browsing and searching <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> documentation.</li></ul></li> <li>Libraries and Frameworks: <ul><li>libsoup: A library that enables GNOME applications to access <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> servers.</li> <li>BuildStream: A flexible, extensible framework written in <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> for modeling build and <a href="/wiki/CI/CD" title="CI/CD">CI pipelines</a> using a declarative <a href="/wiki/YAML" title="YAML">YAML</a> format.</li></ul></li> <li>Third-Party Integration: <ul><li>The GNOME ecosystem supports integration options for third-party <a href="/wiki/Programming_tool" title="Programming tool">development tools</a>, expanding the possibilities for developers.</li></ul></li></ol> These tools collectively provide a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Deployment_environment" title="Deployment environment">development environment</a> for creating software that aligns with the GNOME desktop and its <a href="/wiki/Design_principles" title="Design principles">design principles</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_Circle">GNOME Circle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: GNOME Circle">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Circle">GNOME Circle</a></div> <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Circle">GNOME Circle</a> is a collection of <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">applications</a> which have been built to extend the GNOME platform,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> utilize GNOME technologies, and follow the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Human_Interface_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Human Interface Guidelines">GNOME human interface guidelines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_free_and_open-source_software#Desktop_(1984–present)" title="History of free and open-source software">History of free and open-source software § Desktop (1984–present)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_1">GNOME 1</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: GNOME 1">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_1" title="GNOME 1">GNOME 1</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_1.0_(1999,_03)_with_GNOME_Panel_1_and_File_Manager.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/GNOME_1.0_%281999%2C_03%29_with_GNOME_Panel_1_and_File_Manager.png/220px-GNOME_1.0_%281999%2C_03%29_with_GNOME_Panel_1_and_File_Manager.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/GNOME_1.0_%281999%2C_03%29_with_GNOME_Panel_1_and_File_Manager.png/330px-GNOME_1.0_%281999%2C_03%29_with_GNOME_Panel_1_and_File_Manager.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/GNOME_1.0_%281999%2C_03%29_with_GNOME_Panel_1_and_File_Manager.png/440px-GNOME_1.0_%281999%2C_03%29_with_GNOME_Panel_1_and_File_Manager.png 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption>GNOME 1 (1999)</figcaption></figure> GNOME was started on 15 August 1997<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a> by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Icaza" title="Miguel de Icaza">Miguel de Icaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federico_Mena" class="mw-redirect" title="Federico Mena">Federico Mena</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Mena" class="extiw" title="es:Federico Mena">es</a>] as a <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> project to develop a <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">applications</a> for it.<a href="#cite_note-:0-35">[35]</a> It was founded in part because the <a href="/wiki/K_Desktop_Environment_1" title="K Desktop Environment 1">K Desktop Environment</a>, which was growing in popularity, relied on the <a href="/wiki/Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a> <a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">widget toolkit</a> which used a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary software</a> license until version 2.0 (June 1999).<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In place of Qt, <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> (formerly called GIMP Toolkit) was chosen as the base of GNOME. GTK is licensed under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU Lesser General Public License</a> (LGPL), a free software license that allows software linking to it to use a much wider set of licenses, including proprietary software licenses.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> GNOME itself is licensed under the LGPL for its libraries and the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL) for its applications.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> GNOME was formerly a part of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU Project</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> but that is no longer the case. In 2021, GNOME Executive Director Neil McGovern publicly tweeted that GNOME was not a GNU project and that he had been asking GNU to remove GNOME from their list of packages since 2019.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 2021, GNOME was removed from the list.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> GNOME proceeded to remove mentions of any link to GNU from their code and documentation.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The name "GNOME" was initially an acronym for GNU Network Object Model Environment, referring to the original intention of creating a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_object" title="Distributed object">distributed object</a> framework similar to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a>,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-acronym-48">[48]</a> but the acronym was eventually dropped because it no longer reflected the vision of the GNOME project.<a href="#cite_note-acronym-48">[48]</a> The California startup <a href="/wiki/Eazel" title="Eazel">Eazel</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(file_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautilus (file manager)">Nautilus file manager</a> from 1999 to 2001. De Icaza and <a href="/wiki/Nat_Friedman" title="Nat Friedman">Nat Friedman</a> founded Helix Code (later <a href="/wiki/Ximian" title="Ximian">Ximian</a>) in 1999 in Massachusetts; this company developed GNOME's infrastructure and applications and was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> in 2003. During the transition to GNOME 2 and shortly thereafter, there were brief talks about creating a GNOME Office suite.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On 15 September 2003 GNOME-Office 1.0, consisting of <a href="/wiki/AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a> 2.0, <a href="/wiki/GNOME-DB" title="GNOME-DB">GNOME-DB</a> 1.0, and <a href="/wiki/Gnumeric" title="Gnumeric">Gnumeric</a> 1.2.0, was released.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Although some release planning for GNOME Office 1.2 was happening on the gnome-office mailing list,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> and Gnumeric 1.4 was announced as a part of it,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> the 1.2 release of the suite itself never materialized. As of 4 May 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit">[update]</a>, the GNOME wiki only mentions "GNOME/GTK applications that are useful in an office environment".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_2">GNOME 2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: GNOME 2">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_2" title="GNOME 2">GNOME 2</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-2.6-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gnome-2.6-en.png/220px-Gnome-2.6-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gnome-2.6-en.png/330px-Gnome-2.6-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gnome-2.6-en.png/440px-Gnome-2.6-en.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>GNOME 2.6 (released in March 2004)</figcaption></figure> GNOME 2 was released in June 2002<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> and was very similar to a conventional desktop interface, featuring a simple desktop in which users could interact with virtual objects such as windows, icons, and files. GNOME 2 started out with <a href="/wiki/Sawfish_(window_manager)" title="Sawfish (window manager)">Sawfish</a> as its default <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">window manager</a>, but later switched to <a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a> in GNOME 2.2.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The handling of windows, applications, and files in GNOME 2 is similar to that of contemporary desktop operating systems. In the default configuration of GNOME 2, the desktop has a launcher menu for quick access to installed programs and file locations; open windows may be accessed by a taskbar along the bottom of the screen; and the top-right corner features a notification area for programs to display notices while running in the background. However, these features can be moved to almost any position or orientation the user desires, replaced with other functions, or removed altogether.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-2.18-screenshot1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gnome-2.18-screenshot1.png/220px-Gnome-2.18-screenshot1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gnome-2.18-screenshot1.png/330px-Gnome-2.18-screenshot1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gnome-2.18-screenshot1.png/440px-Gnome-2.18-screenshot1.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>GNOME 2.18 (released in March 2007)</figcaption></figure> As of 2009, GNOME 2 was the default desktop for <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pro-opensolaris-63">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/MATE_(desktop_environment)" title="MATE (desktop environment)">MATE desktop environment</a> is a fork of the GNOME 2 codebase (see <a href="#Criticism">Criticism</a>, below.) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_3">GNOME 3</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: GNOME 3">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_3" title="GNOME 3">GNOME 3</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Shell_%26_GNOME_Weather_3.14--running_on_AOSC_OS3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GNOME_Shell_%26_GNOME_Weather_3.14--running_on_AOSC_OS3.jpg/220px-GNOME_Shell_%26_GNOME_Weather_3.14--running_on_AOSC_OS3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GNOME_Shell_%26_GNOME_Weather_3.14--running_on_AOSC_OS3.jpg/330px-GNOME_Shell_%26_GNOME_Weather_3.14--running_on_AOSC_OS3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GNOME_Shell_%26_GNOME_Weather_3.14--running_on_AOSC_OS3.jpg/440px-GNOME_Shell_%26_GNOME_Weather_3.14--running_on_AOSC_OS3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>GNOME 3 has a modern approach to <a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">user interface design</a> and naming the applications. This screenshot shows GNOME Weather running on <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a>, both in version 3.14 (September 2014).</figcaption></figure> In 2008, an increasing discontent among the community and developers about the lack of project direction and technical progress prompted the announcement of GNOME 3.0. Originally, the plan was to make only incremental changes and avoid disruption for users.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> This changed when efforts led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a> GNOME 3 was released in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> While GNOME 1 and 2 interfaces followed the traditional <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop metaphor</a>, the GNOME Shell adopted a more abstract metaphor with a minimalistic window management workflow, where switching between different tasks and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_desktop" title="Virtual desktop">virtual desktops</a> occurs in a separate area called the overview.<a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a> The Minimize and maximize buttons were hidden by default, leaving only the close button and application name in the <a href="/wiki/Window_decoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Window decoration">window decoration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-release-notes-3.0-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-release-notes-3.4-68">[68]</a> GNOME 3 brought many enhancements to core software.<a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME Core Applications</a> also went through redesigns to provide a better user experience.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a> as the default window manager,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adwaita_(design_language)" title="Adwaita (design language)">Adwaita</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Clearlooks" title="Clearlooks">Clearlooks</a> as the default theme.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Clocks_40_(released_in_2021-03).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/GNOME_Clocks_40_%28released_in_2021-03%29.png/220px-GNOME_Clocks_40_%28released_in_2021-03%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/GNOME_Clocks_40_%28released_in_2021-03%29.png/330px-GNOME_Clocks_40_%28released_in_2021-03%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/GNOME_Clocks_40_%28released_in_2021-03%29.png/440px-GNOME_Clocks_40_%28released_in_2021-03%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2564" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>GNOME aims to provide a simple <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a> and responsive <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> on both desktop and tablet systems by using <a href="/wiki/Client-side_decoration" title="Client-side decoration">client-side decoration</a> (CSD) and a modern approach in <a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">designing user interface</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism">Criticism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> The release of GNOME 3 caused considerable controversy in the <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Aiming to provide an easy-to-use and uncluttered user experience has led to some criticized design decisions, like the removal of minimize and maximize buttons, the simplification of configuration options, and visual clues that could lead to confusion.<a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a> Several projects have been initiated to either continue development of GNOME 2.x, modify GNOME 3.x to be more like the 2.x releases, or create a desktop environment with a traditional design metaphor entirely from scratch due to the negative reception of GNOME 3: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/MATE_desktop_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="MATE desktop environment">MATE desktop environment</a> was <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> in August 2011 from the GNOME 2 code-base with the intent of preserving the traditional desktop metaphor associated with GNOME 2 while keeping compatibility with modern Linux-related technologies, such as <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">Systemd</a>, <a href="/wiki/PipeWire" title="PipeWire">PipeWire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Linux_Mint" title="Linux Mint">Linux Mint</a> team addressed the issue by developing "Mint GNOME Shell Extensions" that ran on top of GNOME Shell and allowed it to be used via the traditional desktop metaphor. This eventually led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_(desktop_environment)" title="Cinnamon (desktop environment)">Cinnamon desktop environment</a> in 2011, which was forked from the GNOME 3 codebase.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Cinnamon became a completely independent desktop environment from GNOME Shell with Cinnamon 2.0 on October 9, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/LXDE" title="LXDE">LXDE</a> Project, which was experimenting with a <a href="/wiki/Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a> port at the time,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> merged with the <a href="/wiki/Razor-qt" title="Razor-qt">Razor-qt</a> project to form <a href="/wiki/LXQt" title="LXQt">LXQt</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The main developer of LXDE, Hong Jen Lee, cited that the reason he wanted to port LXDE to Qt was due to dissatification with the memory and CPU consumption of GTK3 and GNOME libraries when testing a GTK3 version of LXDE.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Hong eventually posted a blog post about how an early build of LXQt used less memory than GTK3-based XFCE.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical</a>, the company developing Ubuntu, ceased working with the GNOME Shell developers during the GNOME 3 planning phases<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and released their own desktop environment, <a href="/wiki/Unity_(user_interface)" title="Unity (user interface)">Unity</a>, replacing GNOME as the default desktop shell in <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_11.04" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu 11.04">Ubuntu 11.04 "Natty Narwhal"</a> released in April 2011.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Previously, Unity had only been intended for use with the <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Netbook_Edition" title="Ubuntu Netbook Edition">Ubuntu Netbook Edition</a> starting with version 10.10 and a now-canceled edition of Ubuntu called Ubuntu Light.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> However, Ubuntu has since switched to a modified version of GNOME as of Ubuntu 17.10.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Solus_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Solus project">Solus Project</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Budgie_(desktop_environment)" title="Budgie (desktop environment)">Budgie desktop environment</a> in response to GNOME 3 in 2014, aiming to provide a simpler and more modern interface. Budgie is built using GTK and GNOME technologies, but offers a different user experience, focusing on providing a lightweight, simple, and elegant user experience.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Elementary_OS" title="Elementary OS">elementaryOS</a> team created the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(desktop_environment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantheon (desktop environment)">Pantheon desktop environment</a> as a new GTK-based desktop environment distinct from GNOME. Built from scratch, Pantheon aims to provide a user-friendly and visually appealing aesthetic, focusing on a cohesive and minimal design, and integrating tightly with the elementaryOS ecosystem.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System76" title="System76">System76</a>, an American computer manufacturer selling computer hardware with Linux preinstalled and the creators of a set of GNOME extensions for their own Linux distribution <a href="/wiki/Pop!_OS" title="Pop! OS">Pop!_OS</a> known collectively as COSMIC, built a new <a href="/wiki/COSMIC_(desktop_environment)" title="COSMIC (desktop environment)">desktop environment of the same name</a> in Rust.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The reasons cited by System76 for building a new desktop environment from scratch included limitations with GNOME extensions as well as disagreements with GNOME developers on the desktop experience, such as with <a href="/wiki/Client-side_decoration" title="Client-side decoration">supporting server-side decorations in addition to client-side decorations</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland</a>. COSMIC will support both client-side and server-side window decorations, unlike GNOME, which only supports the former.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li></ul> Among those critical of the early releases of GNOME 3 is <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a>, the creator of the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>. Torvalds abandoned GNOME for a while after the release of GNOME 3.0, saying, "The developers have apparently decided that it's 'too complicated' to actually do real work on your desktop, and have decided to make it really annoying to do". He promptly switched to <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Over time, critical reception has grown more positive. In 2013, Torvalds resumed using GNOME, noting that "they have extensions now that are still much too hard to find; but with extensions you can make your desktop look almost as good as it used to look two years ago".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, a Linux distribution that had historically used GNOME 2, switched to <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a> when GNOME 3 was released, but re-adopted GNOME 3 in time for the release of Debian 8 "Jessie".<a href="#cite_note-pcworld-96">[96]</a> Ubuntu switched from Unity to GNOME 3 with several extensions to resemble Unity, such as a persistent left application panel instead of a hidden dock and re-enabling desktop icons, with <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_17.10_Artful_Aardvark" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu 17.10 Artful Aardvark">Ubuntu 17.10 Artful Aardvark</a> in 2017. This release also saw the <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_GNOME" title="Ubuntu GNOME">Ubuntu GNOME</a> edition merge with the mainline release.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Unity" title="Ubuntu Unity">Ubuntu Unity</a> was then released, keeping the Unity desktop and continuing to update it. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_40_and_higher">GNOME 40 and higher</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: GNOME 40 and higher">edit</a>]</div> GNOME 40 was released on 24 March 2021.<a href="#cite_note-forty_release_notes-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> It immediately follows version 3, but adopts a new <a href="/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning">versioning scheme</a> and a schedule of future major releases on a fixed six-month cycle (see <a href="#Release_cycle">Release Cycle</a>).<a href="#cite_note-forty-100">[100]</a> With this quicker release cadence, major releases became somewhat leaner, because full rewrites of major packages were not occurring as often as they were in the jumps between GNOME 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 versions. GNOME 40 organizes the activities overview in a horizontal fashion, instead of using a vertical design like its predecessors.<a href="#cite_note-forty_release_notes-98">[98]</a> The release also brings new <a href="/wiki/Touchpad" title="Touchpad">touchpad</a> gestures.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-40-shell.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gnome-40-shell.png/242px-Gnome-40-shell.png" decoding="async" width="242" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gnome-40-shell.png/363px-Gnome-40-shell.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gnome-40-shell.png/484px-Gnome-40-shell.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="356" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">GNOME 40</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome_OS_running_Gnome_41.rc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Gnome_OS_running_Gnome_41.rc.png/242px-Gnome_OS_running_Gnome_41.rc.png" decoding="async" width="242" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Gnome_OS_running_Gnome_41.rc.png/363px-Gnome_OS_running_Gnome_41.rc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Gnome_OS_running_Gnome_41.rc.png/484px-Gnome_OS_running_Gnome_41.rc.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">GNOME 41</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm/220px--GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_(released_in_2021-09).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_(released_in_2021-09).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1600" data-height="900" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm/GNOME_Tour_41_on_GNOME_Shell_%28released_in_2021-09%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Tour">GNOME Tour</a> 41 on GNOME 41</figcaption></figure>GNOME 41 was released on 22 September 2021 and introduced a rewritten and redesigned <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">GNOME Software</a> application manager, a multitasking panel and a mobile network (for <a href="/wiki/Wireless_WAN" title="Wireless WAN">WWAN</a>) panel in settings, a new <a href="/wiki/Remote_desktop_software" title="Remote desktop software">remote desktop</a> app called Connections, updates to GNOME Music app, and improvements to the power mode settings.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> GNOME 42 was released on 23 March 2022 <a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> and introduced the option to screen record and switch light/dark themes using a new GTK API called <a href="/wiki/Adwaita_(design_language)" title="Adwaita (design language)">Libadwaita</a>. Several default apps were replaced with more modern versions such as Text Editor instead of <a href="/wiki/Gedit" title="Gedit">Gedit</a> and Console instead of Terminal.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> GNOME 43 (Guadalajara) was released on 21 September 2022<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and introduced a new quick settings menu, a <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Files" title="GNOME Files">GNOME Files</a> update to <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK4</a>, and a new 'Device Security' panel in settings, among many other changes. <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a> was updated, bringing in support for web apps and experimental <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a> extension support. GNOME 44 (Kuala Lumpur) was released on 22 March 2023. Named after <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> in recognition of work done by the GNOME.Asia community,<a href="#cite_note-:2-106">[106]</a> GNOME 44 introduced a new file chooser grid view, updated settings panels, and redesigned accessibility settings. The new quick settings menu introduced in GNOME 43 was updated, alongside the addition of several new apps and improvements to existing apps.<a href="#cite_note-:2-106">[106]</a> GNOME 45 (Rīga) was released on 20 September 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:4-107">[107]</a> It introduced redesigned app styles alongside a new activities button, which replaced both the previous "Activities" label and the app menu with a graphical <a href="/wiki/Virtual_desktop" title="Virtual desktop">workspace</a> indicator. Other updates to the system bar included a new camera usage indicator and a <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_shortcut" title="Keyboard shortcut">keyboard shortcut</a> to open and close the quick settings menu. GNOME 45 also introduced two new image viewer and camera apps, keyboard backlight controls, and numerous enhancements to existing apps.<a href="#cite_note-:4-107">[107]</a> GNOME 46 (Kathmandu) was released on 20 March 2024<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and featured an enhanced files app with global search, support for headless remote login via <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager">GDM</a>, and a refreshed settings app, amongst many other app changes.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Other system changes included accessibility improvements and experimental support for variable refresh rates. GNOME 47 (Denver) was released on 18 September 2024 and featured user-chosen accent color support in Libadwaita applications as well as many other smaller improvements. <a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNOME_Panel">GNOME Panel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: GNOME Panel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">GNOME Panel</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Flashback_with_Applications_menu_on_Ubuntu_18.04.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GNOME_Flashback_with_Applications_menu_on_Ubuntu_18.04.png/220px-GNOME_Flashback_with_Applications_menu_on_Ubuntu_18.04.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GNOME_Flashback_with_Applications_menu_on_Ubuntu_18.04.png/330px-GNOME_Flashback_with_Applications_menu_on_Ubuntu_18.04.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GNOME_Flashback_with_Applications_menu_on_Ubuntu_18.04.png/440px-GNOME_Flashback_with_Applications_menu_on_Ubuntu_18.04.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">GNOME Flashback with Applications menu on <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1804" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu 18.04</a> (displaying the panels at the top and bottom of the desktop)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNOME_project" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME project">GNOME project</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">47.1<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-7559f5ae68827225167d7d393c816fa64e9bd5fa-v18-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 22 October 2024; 37 days ago (22 October 2024)</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME">gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GNOME</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Graphical shell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_the_desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux on the desktop">Linux on the desktop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU Lesser General Public License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnome.org/">www.gnome.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> GNOME Panel was a highly configurable <a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">taskbar</a> for GNOME. It formed a core part of the desktop in <a href="/wiki/GNOME_1" title="GNOME 1">GNOME 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/GNOME_2" title="GNOME 2">GNOME 2</a>. It has been replaced in GNOME 3 by default with <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a>, which only works with the <a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a> window manager. GNOME Panel served as Fallback Mode until GNOME 3.8 when Mutter could not be executed,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> then it was replaced with a suite of officially supported GNOME Shell extensions named GNOME Classic.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Now it is part of GNOME Flashback, an official session for GNOME 3 which provides a user experience similar to GNOME 2.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In GNOME 3, customizing GNOME Panel is done by pressing the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd> key while right-clicking on the panel. By default, GNOME Flashback contains two panels (one on the top, and one to its opposite on the bottom) spanning the width of the screen. The top panel usually contains navigation menus labeled "Applications" and "Places" in that order, as the "System" menu from GNOME 2.x has been replaced by a control panel in GNOME 3.x. These menus hold links to common applications and areas of the file system, respectively. A user menu placed on the opposite side of the screen, which has been available since GNOME 2.14 but has become more prominent in GNOME 3.x, holds access to account and system settings as well as options to log out, switch user, and shut down the computer.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The top panel usually contains a clock/calendar and a notification area, which can double as a sort of <a href="/wiki/Dock_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (computing)">dock</a>, as well. The bottom panel is commonly empty by default (other than a set of buttons to navigate between desktops) due to its use in the navigation between windows (windows minimize to the bottom panel by default). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Panel--Properties-Dialog-Menu--Ubuntu_18.04.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/GNOME_Panel--Properties-Dialog-Menu--Ubuntu_18.04.png/220px-GNOME_Panel--Properties-Dialog-Menu--Ubuntu_18.04.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/GNOME_Panel--Properties-Dialog-Menu--Ubuntu_18.04.png/330px-GNOME_Panel--Properties-Dialog-Menu--Ubuntu_18.04.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/GNOME_Panel--Properties-Dialog-Menu--Ubuntu_18.04.png/440px-GNOME_Panel--Properties-Dialog-Menu--Ubuntu_18.04.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>GNOME Panel, its "Properties Dialog Menu" - Ubuntu 18.04</figcaption></figure> Users can populate these panels with other completely customizable menus and buttons, including new menus, search boxes, and icons, with the icons in particular (called launchers) performing functions similar to the quick-launch feature found in the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_98" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Windows 98">Microsoft Windows 98</a>–<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Vista" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Windows Vista">Vista</a> taskbar. Other applications can also be attached to the panels, and the panels are highly reconfigurable: anything on these panels can be moved, removed, or configured in other ways. For example, a migrating Microsoft Windows user might move the menus usually positioned in the top panel into a 'start' menu on the bottom panel as well as moving the notification area into the place normally positioned by the Windows notification area, then remove the top panel altogether, to interact with GNOME Panel similarly to the Windows taskbar. The version of GNOME Panel available in the repository for <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1204" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu 12.04</a> offers a modified version of Fallback Mode with the addition of a custom theme and ports of Ubuntu's own Indicators from their old GNOME 2.x desktop.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trisquel" title="Trisquel">Trisquel</a> uses Fallback Mode (Flashback) for its main desktop, because GNOME Shell requires 3D acceleration as it relies on graphics composition, while some free software drivers do not support 3D acceleration, among other reasons like more usability and more stability.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Releases">Releases</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Releases">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_cycle">Release cycle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Release cycle">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:GNOME" title="Talk:GNOME">talk page</a> may contain suggestions. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Each of the component software products in the GNOME project has its own version number and <a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">release schedule</a>. However, individual module maintainers coordinate their efforts to create a full GNOME stable release on an approximately six-month schedule,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> alongside its underlying libraries such as GTK and GLib. Some experimental projects are excluded from these releases.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Before GNOME 40, GNOME version numbers followed the scheme v.xx.yy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Here, v is a major version, which can include large changes such as <a href="/wiki/Application_binary_interface" title="Application binary interface">ABI</a> breakage; these have no regular schedule and occur in response to requirements for large-scale changes.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] xx is a minor version, released on the above schedule of approximately every 6 months, in which the 1- or 2-digit number's parity indicates the type of release: if xx is even (e.g. 3.20) the release is considered stable, whereas if xx is odd, it represents a current development snapshot (e.g. 3.21) that will eventually evolve into the next stable release.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] yy indicates a point release, e.g. 3.20.6; these are made on a frequency of weeks in order to fix issues, add non-breaking enhancements, etc.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] GNOME 40 started a new versioning scheme in which a single number is incremented with each biannual release. The number is followed by a dot and then "alpha", "beta", or "rc" for a development release, or a decimal for a minor stable release (much like the yy mentioned previously).<a href="#cite_note-forty-100">[100]</a> GNOME releases are made to the main FTP server in the form of <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> with <a href="/wiki/Configure_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Configure (computing)">configure</a> scripts,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] which are compiled by operating system vendors and integrated with the rest of their systems before distribution. Most vendors only use stable and tested versions of GNOME and provide it in the form of easily installed, pre-compiled packages. The source code of every stable and development version of GNOME is stored in the GNOME <a href="/wiki/Git_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Git (software)">git</a> <a href="/wiki/Source_code_repository" class="mw-redirect" title="Source code repository">source code repository</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A number of build <a href="/wiki/Scripting_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripting programming language">scripts</a> (such as JHBuild or formerly GARNOME) are available to help automate the process of compiling the source code.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_history">Release history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Release history">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Information </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td>August 1997 </td> <td>GNOME development announced<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1.0 </th> <td>March 1999 </td> <td>First major GNOME release<a href="#cite_note-gnome1-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1.2 </th> <td>May 2000 </td> <td>Codename "Bongo"<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1.4 </th> <td>April 2001 </td> <td>Codename "Tranquility"<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.0 </th> <td>June 2002 </td> <td>Major upgrade based on GTK2. Introduction of the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Human_Interface_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Human Interface Guidelines">Human Interface Guidelines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.2 </th> <td>February 2003 </td> <td>Multimedia and file manager improvements.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.4 </th> <td>September 2003 </td> <td>Codename "Temujin": Epiphany, accessibility support.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.6 </th> <td>March 2004 </td> <td>Nautilus changes to a <a href="/wiki/Spatial_file_manager" title="Spatial file manager">spatial file manager</a>, and a new GTK <a href="/wiki/File_dialog" title="File dialog">file dialog</a> is introduced. A short-lived fork of GNOME, GoneME, is created as a response to the changes in this version.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.8 </th> <td>September 2004 </td> <td>Improved removable device support, adds <a href="/wiki/Novell_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell Evolution">Evolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.10 </th> <td>March 2005 </td> <td>Lower memory requirements and performance improvements. Adds: new panel applets (modem control, drive mounter and trashcan); and the <a href="/wiki/Totem_(media_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Totem (media player)">Totem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sound_Juicer" title="Sound Juicer">Sound Juicer</a> applications.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.12 </th> <td>September 2005 </td> <td>Nautilus improvements; improvements in cut/paste between applications and freedesktop.org integration. Adds: Evince PDF viewer; New default theme: Clearlooks; menu editor; keyring manager and admin tools. Based on GTK 2.8 with cairo support.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.14 </th> <td>March 2006 </td> <td>Performance improvements (over 100% in some cases); usability improvements in user preferences; GStreamer 0.10 multimedia framework. Adds: <a href="/wiki/Ekiga" title="Ekiga">Ekiga</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video conferencing">video conferencing</a> application; Deskbar search tool; Pessulus lockdown editor; <a href="/wiki/Fast_user_switching" title="Fast user switching">Fast user switching</a>; Sabayon system administration tool.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.16 </th> <td>September 2006 </td> <td>Performance improvements. Adds: <a href="/wiki/Tomboy_(software)" title="Tomboy (software)">Tomboy</a> notetaking application; <a href="/wiki/Disk_Usage_Analyzer" title="Disk Usage Analyzer">Baobab</a> disk usage analyser; <a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca</a> screen reader; GNOME Power Manager (improving laptop battery life); improvements to Totem, Nautilus; <a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">compositing</a> support for Metacity; new icon theme. Based on GTK 2.10 with new print dialog.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.18 </th> <td>March 2007 </td> <td>Performance improvements. Adds: <a href="/wiki/Seahorse_(software)" title="Seahorse (software)">Seahorse</a> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard" title="GNU Privacy Guard">GPG</a> security application, allowing encryption of emails and local files; Baobab disk usage analyser improved to support ring chart view; Orca screen reader; improvements to Evince, Epiphany and GNOME Power Manager, Volume control; two new games, GNOME Sudoku and <a href="/wiki/GlChess" class="mw-redirect" title="GlChess">glChess</a>. MP3 and AAC audio encoding.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.20 </th> <td>September 2007 </td> <td>Tenth anniversary release. Evolution backup functionality; improvements in Epiphany, EOG, GNOME Power Manager; password keyring management in Seahorse. Adds: PDF forms editing in Evince; integrated search in the file manager dialogs; automatic multimedia <a href="/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">codec</a> installer.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.22 </th> <td>March 2008 </td> <td>Addition of <a href="/wiki/Cheese_(software)" title="Cheese (software)">Cheese</a>, a tool for taking photos from webcams and <a href="/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre">Remote Desktop Viewer</a>; basic window compositing support in <a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a>; introduction of <a href="/wiki/GVfs" title="GVfs">GVfs</a>; improved playback support for DVDs and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/MythTV" title="MythTV">MythTV</a> support in Totem; internationalised clock applet; <a href="/wiki/Google_Calendar" title="Google Calendar">Google Calendar</a> support and message tagging in <a href="/wiki/Evolution_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution (software)">Evolution</a>; improvements in Evince, Tomboy, Sound Juicer and Calculator.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Deprecate <a href="/wiki/GnomeVFS" title="GnomeVFS">GnomeVFS</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/GVfs" title="GVfs">GVfs</a> and <a href="/wiki/GIO_(software)" title="GIO (software)">GIO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.24 </th> <td>September 2008 </td> <td>Addition of the Empathy instant messenger client, <a href="/wiki/Ekiga" title="Ekiga">Ekiga</a> 3.0, tabbed browsing in Nautilus, better multiple screens support and improved digital TV support.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.26 </th> <td>March 2009 </td> <td>New optical disc recording application <a href="/wiki/Brasero_(software)" title="Brasero (software)">Brasero</a>, simpler file sharing, media player improvements, support for <a href="/wiki/Multi-monitor" title="Multi-monitor">multiple monitors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fingerprint_reader" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingerprint reader">fingerprint reader</a> support.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.28 </th> <td>September 2009 </td> <td>Addition of GNOME Bluetooth module. Improvements to Epiphany web browser, Empathy instant messenger client, Time Tracker, and accessibility. Upgrade to <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> version 2.18.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.30 </th> <td>March 2010 </td> <td>Improvements to Nautilus file manager, Empathy instant messenger client, Tomboy, Evince, Time Tracker, Epiphany, and <a href="/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre">Vinagre</a>. iPod and iPod Touch devices are now partially supported via GVfs through libimobiledevice. Uses <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> 2.20.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.32 </th> <td>September 2010 </td> <td>Addition of Rygel and GNOME Color Manager. Improvements to Empathy instant messenger client, Evince, Nautilus file manager and others. 3.0 was intended to be released in September 2010, so a large part of the development effort since 2.30 went towards 3.0.<a href="#cite_note-rel2.32-139">[139]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.0 </th> <td>April 2011 </td> <td>Introduction of <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a>. A redesigned settings framework with fewer, more focused options. Topic-oriented help based on the <a href="/wiki/Mallard_(documentation)" title="Mallard (documentation)">Mallard markup language</a>. Side-by-side window tiling. A new visual theme and default font. Adoption of GTK 3.0 with its improved language bindings, themes, touch, and multiplatform support. Removal of long-deprecated development APIs.<a href="#cite_note-release-notes-3.0-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.2 </th> <td>September 2011 </td> <td>Online accounts support; Web applications support; contacts manager; documents and files manager; quick preview of files in the File Manager; greater integration; better documentation; enhanced looks and various performance improvements.<a href="#cite_note-GNOME32RELEASENOTES-140">[140]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.4 </th> <td>March 2012 </td> <td>New Look for GNOME 3 Applications: Documents, Epiphany (now called Web), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Contacts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Contacts (page does not exist)">GNOME Contacts</a>. Search for documents from the Activities overview. Application menus support. Refreshed interface components: New color picker, redesigned scrollbars, easier to use spin buttons, and hideable title bars. Smooth scrolling support. New animated backgrounds. Improved system settings with new Wacom panel. Easier extensions management. Better hardware support. Topic-oriented documentation. Video calling and Live Messenger support in Empathy. Better accessibility: Improved Orca integration, better high contrast mode, and new zoom settings. Plus many other application enhancements and smaller details.<a href="#cite_note-release-notes-3.4-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.6 </th> <td>September 2012 </td> <td>Refreshed Core components: New applications button and improved layout in the Activities Overview. A new login and lock screen. Redesigned Message Tray. Notifications are now smarter, more noticeable, easier to dismiss. Improved interface and settings for System Settings. The user menu now shows Power Off by default. Integrated Input Methods. Accessibility is always on. New applications: Boxes, that was introduced as a preview version in GNOME 3.4, and Clocks, an application to handle world times. Updated looks for Disk Usage Analyzer, Empathy and Font Viewer. Improved <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> support in <a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca</a>. In Web, the previously blank start page was replaced by a grid that holds your most visited pages, plus better full screen mode and a beta of WebKit2. Evolution renders email using WebKit. Major improvements to Disks. Revamped Files application (also known as Nautilus), with new features like Recent files and search. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.8 </th> <td>March 2013 </td> <td>Refreshed Core components: A new applications view with frequently used and all apps. An overhauled window layout. New input methods OSD switcher. The Notifications & Messaging tray now react to the force with which the pointer is pressed against the screen edge. Added Classic mode for those who prefer a more traditional desktop experience. The GNOME Settings application features an updated toolbar design. New Initial Setup assistant. GNOME Online Accounts integrates with more services. Web has been upgraded to use the WebKit2 engine. Web has a new private browsing mode. Documents has gained a new dual page mode & Google Documents integration. Improved user interface of Contacts. <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Files" title="GNOME Files">GNOME Files</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Boxes" title="GNOME Boxes">GNOME Boxes</a> and <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Disks" title="GNOME Disks">GNOME Disks</a> have received a number of improvements. Integration of <a href="/wiki/OwnCloud" title="OwnCloud">ownCloud</a>. New <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME Core Applications</a>: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Clocks" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Clocks">GNOME Clocks</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Weather&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Weather (page does not exist)">GNOME Weather</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.10 </th> <td>September 2013 </td> <td>A reworked system status area, which gives a more focused overview of the system. A collection of new applications, including <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Maps" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Maps">GNOME Maps</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Notes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Notes (page does not exist)">GNOME Notes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Music (page does not exist)">GNOME Music</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Photos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Photos (page does not exist)">GNOME Photos</a>. New geolocation features, such as automatic time zones and world clocks. <a href="/wiki/HiDPI" class="mw-redirect" title="HiDPI">HiDPI</a> support<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> and smart card support. <a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> activation made possible with <a href="/wiki/GLib" title="GLib">GLib</a> 2.38<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.12 </th> <td>March 2014<a href="#cite_note-wallen2014-143">[143]</a> </td> <td>Improved keyboard navigation and window selection in the Overview. Revamped first set-up utility based on usability tests. Wired networking re-added to the system status area. Customizable application folders in the Applications view. Introduction of new GTK widgets such as popovers in many applications. New tab style in GTK. <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Videos" title="GNOME Videos">GNOME Videos</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Terminal" title="GNOME Terminal">GNOME Terminal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gedit" title="Gedit">gedit</a> were given a fresh look, more consistent with the HIG. A search provider for the terminal emulator is included in <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a>. Improvements to <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">GNOME Software</a> and high-density display support. A new sound recorder application. New desktop notifications API. Progress in the <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a> port has reached a usable state that can be optionally previewed.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.14 </th> <td>September 2014 </td> <td>Improved desktop environment animations. Improved touchscreen support. <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">GNOME Software</a> supports managing installed add-ons. GNOME Photos adds support for <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. Redesigned UI for <a href="/wiki/Evince" title="Evince">Evince</a>, Sudoku, Mines and Weather. Hitori is added as part of <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Games">GNOME Games</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.16 </th> <td>March 2015 </td> <td>Major changes include UI color scheme goes from black to charcoal. Overlay scroll bars added. Improvements to notifications including integration with Calendar applet. Tweaks to various apps including Files, Image Viewer, and Maps. New Preview applications: Calendar, Characters, Books. Continued porting from X11 to Wayland.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.18 </th> <td>September 2015 </td> <td>Major changes include Google Drive integration in Files. Firmware updates through Software. Automatic screen brightness. Touchpad gestures. Several new applications: <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Calendar (page does not exist)">GNOME Calendar</a> and <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Character_Map" title="GNOME Character Map">GNOME Character Map</a>. Significant improvements to Files, Boxes and Polari. Smaller changes and bug fixes. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.20 </th> <td>March 2016 </td> <td>Significant improvements to many core applications, such as system upgrades and reviews in Software, simple photo editing in Photos and improved search in Files. Platform improvements include shortcut help windows which are available in many applications, a refined font, and better control of location services.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.22 </th> <td>September 2016 </td> <td>GNOME 3.22 applications are based on GTK 3.22, the last gtk-3.x release Wayland is now default. Comprehensive Flatpak support. GNOME Software can install and update Flatpaks, GNOME Builder can create them, and the desktop provides portal implementations to enable sandboxed applications. Improvements to core GNOME applications include support for batch renaming in Files, sharing support in GNOME Photos, an updated look for GNOME Software, a redesigned keyboard settings panel, and much more. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.24 </th> <td>March 2017 </td> <td>Night Light is a new feature and reduces eye strain at night by coloring the screen a little red. The date/time drop down now shows Weather information. A refined look to notifications. Gnome Calendar got a week view. Gnome Web got improvements to the experience of adding and managing bookmarks, and ships with Easy Privacy as default.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The online accounts, user and printer settings panel was redesigned.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.26 </th> <td>September 2017 </td> <td>New look for the Settings application, which has a new navigation sidebar and improved network and display settings, and browser synchronization thanks to the Firefox Sync service. Color emoji are now supported throughout GNOME and will be visible wherever they appear.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.28 LTS </th> <td>12 March 2018<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/ReleasePlanning/FeaturePlans">https://wiki.gnome.org/ReleasePlanning/FeaturePlans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/ThreePointTwentyseven/ReleaseNotes">https://wiki.gnome.org/ThreePointTwentyseven/ReleaseNotes</a> <ul><li>new application <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Usage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Usage (page does not exist)">GNOME Usage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Usage">https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Usage</a></li> <li>new <a href="/wiki/On-screen-keyboard" class="mw-redirect" title="On-screen-keyboard">On-screen-keyboard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.30 </th> <td>5 September 2018 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.30/">release notes for GNOME 3.30.0</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/devel-announce-list/2018-September/msg00003.html">release announcement for GNOME 3.30.0</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.gnome.org/core/3.30/3.30.1/NEWS">list of updated modules and changes for 3.30.1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/devel-announce-list/2018-September/msg00005.html">release announcement for 3.30.1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2018-October/msg00015.html">release announcement for 3.30.2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.gnome.org/core/3.30/3.30.2/NEWS">list of updated modules and changes for 3.30.2</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.32 </th> <td>13 March 2019 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.32/">release notes for GNOME 3.32</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2019/03/13/gnome-3-32-released">release announcement for GNOME 3.32</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.34 </th> <td>12 September 2019 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.34/">release notes for GNOME 3.34</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2019/09/12/gnome-3-34-released/">release announcement for GNOME 3.34</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.36 LTS </th> <td>11 March 2020 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.36/">release notes for GNOME 3.36</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2020/03/11/gnome-3-36-released/">release announcement for GNOME 3.36</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.38 </th> <td>16 September 2020 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.38/">release notes for GNOME 3.38</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2020/09/16/gnome-3-38-released/">release announcement for GNOME 3.38</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>40 </th> <td>24 March 2021 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/40.0/">release notes for GNOME 40</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forty.gnome.org">website for GNOME 40</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>41 </th> <td>22 September 2021 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/41.0/">release notes for GNOME 41</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222212235/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/41.0/">Archived</a> 22 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2021/09/22/gnome-41-release/">release announcement for GNOME 41</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>42 LTS </th> <td>23 March 2022 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://release.gnome.org/42/">release notes for GNOME 42</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2022/03/23/introducing-gnome-42/">release announcement for GNOME 42</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>43 </th> <td>21 September 2022 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://release.gnome.org/43/">release notes for GNOME 43</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2022/09/21/introducing-gnome-43/">release announcement for GNOME 43</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>44 </th> <td>22 March 2023 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://release.gnome.org/44/">release notes for GNOME 44</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2023/03/22/introducing-gnome-44/">release announcement for GNOME 44</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>45 </th> <td>20 September 2023 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Loupe_(software)" title="Loupe (software)">Loupe</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Eye_of_GNOME" title="Eye of GNOME">Eye of GNOME</a> as the default image viewer, and Snapshot replaced <a href="/wiki/Cheese_(software)" title="Cheese (software)">Cheese</a> as the default webcam application. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://release.gnome.org/45/">release notes for GNOME 45</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2023/09/20/introducing-gnome-45/">release announcement for GNOME 45</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>46 LTS </th> <td>20 March 2024 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://release.gnome.org/46/">release notes for GNOME 46</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2024/03/20/introducing-gnome-46/">release announcement for GNOME 46</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>47 </th> <td>18 September 2024 </td> <td> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://release.gnome.org/47/">release notes for GNOME 47</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2024/09/18/introducing-gnome-47/">release announcement for GNOME 47</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> GNOME is developed by <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> GNOME development is loosely managed. Since the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Discourse_(software)" title="Discourse (software)">Discourse</a> forum in 2019, the discussion moved from <a href="/wiki/Mailing_list" title="Mailing list">mailing lists</a> and in October 2022, the project announced the plan to close all its public mailing lists.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> GNOME developers and users gather at an annual <a href="/wiki/GUADEC" title="GUADEC">GUADEC</a> meeting to discuss the current state and the future direction of GNOME.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> GNOME incorporates standards and programs from <a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a> to better support <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperability</a> with other desktops. GNOME is mainly written in <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vala_(programming_language)" title="Vala (programming language)">Vala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>, and more.<a href="#cite_note-gnomelanguages-3">[3]</a> A number of <a href="/wiki/Language_binding" title="Language binding">language bindings</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_language_bindings_for_GTK" title="List of language bindings for GTK">are available</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_platform">Development platform</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Development platform">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/GLib" title="GLib">GLib</a> data structures and utilities library, <a href="/wiki/GObject" title="GObject">GObject</a> object and type system and <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> <a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">widget toolkit</a> comprise the central part of GNOME development platform. This foundation is further extended with <a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> <a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">IPC</a> framework, <a href="/wiki/Cairo_(graphics)" title="Cairo (graphics)">Cairo</a> 2D vector-based drawing library, Cogl accelerated graphics library,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pango" title="Pango">Pango</a> international text rendering library, <a href="/wiki/PulseAudio" title="PulseAudio">PulseAudio</a> and <a href="/wiki/PipeWire" title="PipeWire">PipeWire</a> low-level audio <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>, <a href="/wiki/GStreamer" title="GStreamer">GStreamer</a> multimedia framework, and several specialized libraries including <a href="/wiki/NetworkManager" title="NetworkManager">NetworkManager</a>, <a href="/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit">PackageKit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telepathy_(software)" title="Telepathy (software)">Telepathy</a> (instant messaging), and <a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager">GNOME Display Manager</a> (GDM), which manages user sessions, X and Wayland alike.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracker_(search_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracker (search software)">Tracker</a> automatically searches the specified directories for files and keeps an index of them to provide fast search; heavily integrated into GNOME Shell and GNOME Files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GVfs" title="GVfs">GVfs</a>, an abstraction layer framework for file systems augmenting GIO; well integrated into GNOME Files and GNOME Disks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dconf" title="Dconf">dconf</a> a backend for GSettings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wayland_compositor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland compositor">Wayland compositor</a> and <a href="/wiki/X_window_manager" title="X window manager">X Window Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_color_management" title="Linux color management">Linux color management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udev" title="Udev">udev</a>, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Data_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution Data Server">Evolution Data Server</a>, responsible for managing mail, calendar, address book, tasks and memo information</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meson_build_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Meson build system">Meson</a> is replacing <a href="/wiki/GNU_Build_System" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU Build System">GNU Build System</a> (autotools) as build automation tools of choice</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BuildStream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BuildStream (page does not exist)">BuildStream</a>, a distribution agnostic build and integration tool</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dependencies">Dependencies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Dependencies">edit</a>]</div> The GNOME desktop environment does not consist solely of the graphical control element library GTK and the core applications that make use of it. There are quite a few additional software packages that make up the GNOME desktop environment, such as the above. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Windowing_System">Windowing System</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Windowing System">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">Windowing system</a></div> GNOME runs on <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> (specifically <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org</a>).<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Wayland support was introduced in GNOME 3.10<a href="#cite_note-gnome310releasenotes-19">[19]</a> and deemed "for the majority of users […] a usable day to day experience" by 3.20,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> at which point Wayland became the default user session.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> With GNOME 3.24, Wayland compatibility was extended to <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> drivers.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In GNOME 3.30 or later, it is possible to run GNOME without X running at startup, using only Wayland.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="systemd">systemd</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: systemd">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a></div> In May 2011 <a href="/wiki/Lennart_Poettering" title="Lennart Poettering">Lennart Poettering</a> proposed <a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a> as a GNOME dependency.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> As systemd is available only on Linux, the proposal led to a discussion of possibly dropping support for other platforms in future GNOME releases. Since GNOME 3.2 <a href="/wiki/Multiseat_configuration" title="Multiseat configuration">multiseat</a> support has only been available on systems using systemd.<a href="#cite_note-GNOME32RELEASENOTES-140">[140]</a> In November 2012 the GNOME release team concluded there will be no compile time dependency on systemd for basic functionality, like session tracking. For non-basic functionality, like power management, compile time dependency is possible. For example, there is no concept of systemd inhibitors in alternatives like consolekit. A package manager may want to ensure that the system is not turned off while the upgrade is taking place.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Foundation" title="GNOME Foundation">GNOME Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME Core Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_1" title="GNOME 1">GNOME 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_2" title="GNOME 2">GNOME 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_3" title="GNOME 3">GNOME 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwaita_(design_language)" title="Adwaita (design language)">Adwaita (design language)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATE_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="MATE (software)">MATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_X_Window_System_desktop_environments" title="Comparison of X Window System desktop environments">Comparison of X Window System desktop environments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/16px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/24px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/32px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/19px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/29px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/38px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gnome1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnome1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnome1_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/1999/03/03/gnome-1-0-released/">"GNOME 1.0 Released"</a> (Press release). San Jose, California: GNOME Project. 3 March 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208135403/https://foundation.gnome.org/1999/03/03/gnome-1-0-released/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+1.0+Released&rft.place=San+Jose%2C+California&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.date=1999-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoundation.gnome.org%2F1999%2F03%2F03%2Fgnome-1-0-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-7559f5ae68827225167d7d393c816fa64e9bd5fa-v18-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-7559f5ae68827225167d7d393c816fa64e9bd5fa-v18_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-7559f5ae68827225167d7d393c816fa64e9bd5fa-v18_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discourse.gnome.org/t/gnome-47-1-released/24670">"GNOME 47.1 released"</a>. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+47.1+released&rft.date=2024-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscourse.gnome.org%2Ft%2Fgnome-47-1-released%2F24670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnomelanguages-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnomelanguages_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnomelanguages_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.gnome.org/documentation/introduction/languages.html">"Programming Languages"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Programming+Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.gnome.org%2Fdocumentation%2Fintroduction%2Flanguages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/41.0/">"Introducing GNOME 41"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222212235/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/41.0/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introducing+GNOME+41&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F41.0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/admin/gdm/stable/license.html.en">"GNOME License"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023503/https://help.gnome.org/admin/gdm/stable/license.html.en">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+License&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fadmin%2Fgdm%2Fstable%2Flicense.html.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandler2014" class="citation web cs1">Sandler, Karen (26 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n77cwRJUrLg">"Introducing GNOME 3.12"</a>. GNOME Project (video). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/n77cwRJUrLg">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNOME+Project&rft.atitle=Introducing+GNOME+3.12&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dn77cwRJUrLg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton2011" class="citation web cs1">Clinton, Jason (2 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lepXx1kDelo">"GNOME 3: Fewer interruptions"</a>. GNOME Project (video). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/lepXx1kDelo">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNOME+Project&rft.atitle=GNOME+3%3A+Fewer+interruptions&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlepXx1kDelo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/astaff/project/aui/html/pronunciation.html">"How do I pronounce GNOME?"</a>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913212043/https://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/astaff/project/aui/html/pronunciation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022. <q>Since GNU is GNOME's first name, GNOME is officially pronounced "guh-NOME". However, many people pronounce GNOME as just "NOME" (like those short people from legend), nobody will hurt you if you find this pronunciation easier.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=How+do+I+pronounce+GNOME%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstuff.mit.edu%2Fafs%2Fathena%2Fastaff%2Fproject%2Faui%2Fhtml%2Fpronunciation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Icaza1997" class="citation web cs1">de Icaza, Miguel (15 August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gtk-list/1997-August/msg00123.html">"The GNOME Desktop project"</a>. mail.gnome.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905192624/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gtk-list/1997-August/msg00123.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mail.gnome.org&rft.atitle=The+GNOME+Desktop+project&rft.date=1997-08-15&rft.aulast=de+Icaza&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgtk-list%2F1997-August%2Fmsg00123.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClasen2014" class="citation web cs1">Clasen, Matthias (19 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.gnome.org/mclasen/2014/02/19/on-portability/">"On portability"</a>. Goings on. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302132837/https://blogs.gnome.org/mclasen/2014/02/19/on-portability/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goings+on&rft.atitle=On+portability&rft.date=2014-02-19&rft.aulast=Clasen&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fmclasen%2F2014%2F02%2F19%2Fon-portability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNearyDavid2010" class="citation cs2">Neary, Dave; David, Vanessa (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.gnome.org/bolsh/files/2010/07/GNOME-Census.pdf">The GNOME Census: Who writes GNOME?</a> (PDF), Neary Consulting, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623192238/https://blogs.gnome.org/bolsh/files/2010/07/GNOME-Census.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2016, retrieved 15 June 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+GNOME+Census%3A+Who+writes+GNOME%3F&rft.pub=Neary+Consulting&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Neary&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.au=David%2C+Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fbolsh%2Ffiles%2F2010%2F07%2FGNOME-Census.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.gnome.org/otte/2012/07/27/staring-into-the-abyss/">"Staring into the abyss"</a>. Swfblag. Gnome. 27 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731122504/http://blogs.gnome.org/otte/2012/07/27/staring-into-the-abyss/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swfblag&rft.atitle=Staring+into+the+abyss&rft.date=2012-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fotte%2F2012%2F07%2F27%2Fstaring-into-the-abyss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hpjansson.org/blag/2022/07/23/gnome-at-25-a-health-checkup/">"GNOME at 25: A Health Checkup – Et tu, Cthulhu"</a>. 7 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111030527/https://hpjansson.org/blag/2022/07/23/gnome-at-25-a-health-checkup/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+at+25%3A+A+Health+Checkup+%E2%80%93+Et+tu%2C+Cthulhu&rft.date=2022-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhpjansson.org%2Fblag%2F2022%2F07%2F23%2Fgnome-at-25-a-health-checkup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sovereigntechfund.de/tech/gnome">"GNOME"</a>. Sovereign Tech Fund. Retrieved 26 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sovereign+Tech+Fund&rft.atitle=GNOME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sovereigntechfund.de%2Ftech%2Fgnome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/HIG">"GNOME Human Interface Guidelines"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911223309/https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/HIG">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+Human+Interface+Guidelines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gnome.org%2FDesign%2FHIG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennington2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Havoc_Pennington" title="Havoc Pennington">Pennington, Havoc</a> (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ometer.com/free-software-ui.html">"Free Software UI"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201257/https://ometer.com/free-software-ui.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Free+Software+UI&rft.date=2002-04&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Havoc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fometer.com%2Ffree-software-ui.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://l10n.gnome.org/languages/">"GNOME Languages"</a>. l10n.gnome.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627165858/https://l10n.gnome.org/languages/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=l10n.gnome.org&rft.atitle=GNOME+Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fl10n.gnome.org%2Flanguages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnomeshellterminology-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnomeshellterminology_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnomeshellterminology_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522090630/https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell/Terminology">"Terminology for Gnome Shell"</a>. GNOME Wiki. GNOME Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell/Terminology">the original</a> on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNOME+Wiki&rft.atitle=Terminology+for+Gnome+Shell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gnome.org%2FProjects%2FGnomeShell%2FTerminology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnome310releasenotes-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnome310releasenotes_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnome310releasenotes_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay" class="citation web cs1">Day, Allan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.10/">"GNOME 3.10 Release Notes"</a>. GNOME Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625213800/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.10/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.10+Release+Notes&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F3.10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Gnome3CheatSheet">"GNOME 3 Cheat Sheet"</a>. GNOME Wiki. GNOME Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140601070106/https://wiki.gnome.org/Gnome3CheatSheet">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNOME+Wiki&rft.atitle=GNOME+3+Cheat+Sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gnome.org%2FGnome3CheatSheet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.16/index.html.en">"GNOME 3.16 Release Notes"</a>. help.gnome.org. Retrieved 19 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=help.gnome.org&rft.atitle=GNOME+3.16+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F3.16%2Findex.html.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay" class="citation web cs1">Day, Allan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.8/">"GNOME 3.8 Release Notes"</a>. GNOME Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140621135547/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.8/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2014. 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Retrieved 21 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Debian+%E2%80%93+Details+of+package+gnome-session-flashback+in+buster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpackages.debian.org%2Fbuster%2Fgnome-session-flashback&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.debian.org/buster/gnome-applets">"Debian -- Details of package gnome-applets in buster"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Debian+--+Details+of+package+gnome-applets+in+buster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpackages.debian.org%2Fbuster%2Fgnome-applets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeApplets">"Projects/GnomeApplets - GNOME Wiki!"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Projects%2FGnomeApplets+-+GNOME+Wiki%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gnome.org%2FProjects%2FGnomeApplets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030514015921/http://www.linuxselfhelp.com/gnome/users-guide/clock-applets.html">"Clock Applets"</a>. 14 May 2003. 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They have refused to do so"</a>. Twitter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113104659/https://twitter.com/nmcgovern/status/1382360647464316931">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=I+asked+%28as+ED+for+%40GNOME%29+GNU+to+remove+us+from+that+page+multiple+times.+They+have+refused+to+do+so.&rft.au=Neil+Mcgovern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fnmcgovern%2Fstatus%2F1382360647464316931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/gnome/status/1382361929981825024">"Let's also clarify that here. GNOME is NOT a GNU project"</a>. Twitter. 14 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414155608/https://twitter.com/gnome/status/1382361929981825024">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=Let%27s+also+clarify+that+here.+GNOME+is+NOT+a+GNU+project.&rft.date=2021-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fgnome%2Fstatus%2F1382361929981825024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/software.html">"Software – GNU Project – Free Software Foundation"</a>. Gnu.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151225191933/http://www.gnu.org/software/software.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Software+%E2%80%93+GNU+Project+%E2%80%93+Free+Software+Foundation&rft.pub=Gnu.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Fsoftware.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGNOME" class="citation web cs1">GNOME. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk/-/commit/a4b976f7a26e348b803d8b20131224d6bbc3997c">"GTK commit a4b976f7, "Update the README""</a>. GNOME. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203130303/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk/-/commit/a4b976f7a26e348b803d8b20131224d6bbc3997c">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNOME&rft.atitle=GTK+commit+a4b976f7%2C+%22Update+the+README%22&rft.au=GNOME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgitlab.gnome.org%2FGNOME%2Fgtk%2F-%2Fcommit%2Fa4b976f7a26e348b803d8b20131224d6bbc3997c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennington1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Havoc_Pennington" title="Havoc Pennington">Pennington, Havoc</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100711161132/http://developer.gnome.org/doc/GGAD/z2.html">"What is Gnome?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.gnome.org/doc/GGAD/ggad.html">GTK / Gnome Application Development</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100514071800/http://developer.gnome.org/doc/GGAD/z2.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+is+Gnome%3F&rft.btitle=GTK+%2F+Gnome+Application+Development&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Havoc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100514071800%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.gnome.org%2Fdoc%2FGGAD%2Fz2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-acronym-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acronym_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acronym_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlapper2010" class="citation web cs1">Klapper, Andre (6 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/marketing-list/2010-April/msg00050.html">"Re: GNOME -> Gnome"</a>. gnome.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406011915/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/marketing-list/2010-April/msg00050.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gnome.org&rft.atitle=Re%3A+GNOME+-%3E+Gnome&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.aulast=Klapper&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fmarketing-list%2F2010-April%2Fmsg00050.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowin2001" class="citation web cs1">Gowin, John (9 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050101055043/http://www.linuxorbit.com/features/goffice.php3">"GNOME Office, how far along are we?"</a>. Linux Orbit. 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Retrieved 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GUADEC+Results&rft.pub=LWN.net&rft.date=2001-04-10&rft.aulast=TH&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2F2001%2F0412%2Fa%2Fguadec-report-2001.php3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoli2003" class="citation web cs1">Loli, Eugenia (15 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osnews.com/comments/4548">"GNOME-Office 1.0 Released; Nautilus Becomes Object-Oriented"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSNews" title="OSNews">OSNews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504172048/http://www.osnews.com/comments/4548">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OSNews&rft.atitle=GNOME-Office+1.0+Released%3B+Nautilus+Becomes+Object-Oriented&rft.date=2003-09-15&rft.aulast=Loli&rft.aufirst=Eugenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnews.com%2Fcomments%2F4548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsselbach2003" class="citation web cs1">Esselbach, Philipp (15 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxcompatible.org/news/story/gnome_office_10_released.html">"GNOME-Office 1.0 Released"</a>. Linux Compatible. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504153517/http://www.linuxcompatible.org/news/story/gnome_office_10_released.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux+Compatible&rft.atitle=GNOME-Office+1.0+Released&rft.date=2003-09-15&rft.aulast=Esselbach&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxcompatible.org%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fgnome_office_10_released.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abisource.com/release-notes/archives/2.0.0.html">"GNOME-Office 1.0 Released"</a> (Press release). 15 September 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026222330/http://www.abisource.com/release-notes/archives/2.0.0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME-Office+1.0+Released&rft.date=2003-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abisource.com%2Frelease-notes%2Farchives%2F2.0.0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevior2004" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Sevior, Martin (30 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-June/msg00011.html">"Next GNOME-Office release"</a>. gnome-office-list (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418173755/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-June/msg00011.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Next+GNOME-Office+release&rft.date=2004-06-30&rft.aulast=Sevior&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-office-list%2F2004-June%2Fmsg00011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevior2004" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Sevior, Martin (30 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-July/msg00053.html">"Update on progress for GNOME-Office-1.2"</a>. gnome-office-list (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613122235/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-July/msg00053.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update+on+progress+for+GNOME-Office-1.2&rft.date=2004-07-30&rft.aulast=Sevior&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-office-list%2F2004-July%2Fmsg00053.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevior2004" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Sevior, Martin (2 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-October/msg00000.html">"Three weeks until gnome-office-1.2, what progress on the website?"</a>. gnome-office-list (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203130302/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-October/msg00000.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+weeks+until+gnome-office-1.2%2C+what+progress+on+the+website%3F&rft.date=2004-10-02&rft.aulast=Sevior&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-office-list%2F2004-October%2Fmsg00000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelinder2004" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Welinder, Morten (19 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-December/msg00003.html">"Gnumeric 1.4 is Here!"</a>. gnome-office-list (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614111416/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-office-list/2004-December/msg00003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gnumeric+1.4+is+Here%21&rft.date=2004-12-19&rft.aulast=Welinder&rft.aufirst=Morten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-office-list%2F2004-December%2Fmsg00003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203041037/https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/GnomeOffice">"Office Applications"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Project" title="GNOME Project">GNOME Project</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/GnomeOffice">the original</a> on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNOME+Project&rft.atitle=Office+Applications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gnome.org%2FApps%2FGnomeOffice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2002/06/26/gnome-2-0-released-desktop-environment-boasts-simpler-user-interface-and-a-host-of-powerful-developer-tools/">"GNOME 2.0 Released: Desktop Environment Boasts Simpler User Interface and a Host of Powerful Developer Tools"</a> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113151457/https://foundation.gnome.org/2002/06/26/gnome-2-0-released-desktop-environment-boasts-simpler-user-interface-and-a-host-of-powerful-developer-tools/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.0+Released%3A+Desktop+Environment+Boasts+Simpler+User+Interface+and+a+Host+of+Powerful+Developer+Tools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoundation.gnome.org%2F2002%2F06%2F26%2Fgnome-2-0-released-desktop-environment-boasts-simpler-user-interface-and-a-host-of-powerful-developer-tools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation mailinglist cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2002-June/msg00111.html">"GNOME 2.0 Desktop and Developer Platform Released!"</a> (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030520020602/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2002-June/msg00111.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.0+Desktop+and+Developer+Platform+Released%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2002-June%2Fmsg00111.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.2/index.html.en">"GNOME 2.2 Release Notes"</a>. help.gnome.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523155746/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.2/index.html.en">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=help.gnome.org&rft.atitle=GNOME+2.2+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F2.2%2Findex.html.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2003" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Jason (11 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eweek.com/pc-hardware/gnome-2.2-gains-muscle-and-polish/">"GNOME 2.2 Gains Muscle and Polish"</a>. eWEEK. Retrieved 23 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWEEK&rft.atitle=GNOME+2.2+Gains+Muscle+and+Polish&rft.date=2003-03-11&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eweek.com%2Fpc-hardware%2Fgnome-2.2-gains-muscle-and-polish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pro-opensolaris-63"><a href="#cite_ref-pro-opensolaris_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoxwellTran2009" class="citation book cs1">Foxwell, Harry; Tran, Hung (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MNz7NNHKWhAC&q=keyring">Pro OpenSolaris: A New Open Source OS for Linux Developers and Administrators</a>. <a href="/wiki/Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Apress</a>. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781430218920" title="Special:BookSources/9781430218920"><bdi>9781430218920</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111030555/https://books.google.com/books?id=MNz7NNHKWhAC&q=keyring">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pro+OpenSolaris%3A+A+New+Open+Source+OS+for+Linux+Developers+and+Administrators&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781430218920&rft.aulast=Foxwell&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Tran%2C+Hung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMNz7NNHKWhAC%26q%3Dkeyring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2008" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Ryan (14 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/07/gnome-3-0-officially-announced-and-explained/">"GNOME 3.0 officially announced... and explained"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121143055/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080714-gnome-3-0-officially-announced-and-explained.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=GNOME+3.0+officially+announced...+and+explained&rft.date=2008-07-14&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2008%2F07%2Fgnome-3-0-officially-announced-and-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2011" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Ryan (7 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/open-source/reviews/2011/04/ars-reviews-gnome-30-a-shiny-new-ornament-for-your-linux-lawn.ars">"A shiny new ornament for your Linux lawn: Ars reviews GNOME 3.0"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511092039/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2011/04/ars-reviews-gnome-30-a-shiny-new-ornament-for-your-linux-lawn/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=A+shiny+new+ornament+for+your+Linux+lawn%3A+Ars+reviews+GNOME+3.0&rft.date=2011-04-07&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fopen-source%2Freviews%2F2011%2F04%2Fars-reviews-gnome-30-a-shiny-new-ornament-for-your-linux-lawn.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foundation.gnome.org/2011/04/06/gnome-3-0-released-better-for-users-developers-3/">"GNOME 3.0 released: better for users, developers"</a> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113154050/https://foundation.gnome.org/2011/04/06/gnome-3-0-released-better-for-users-developers-3/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.0+released%3A+better+for+users%2C+developers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoundation.gnome.org%2F2011%2F04%2F06%2Fgnome-3-0-released-better-for-users-developers-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-release-notes-3.0-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-release-notes-3.0_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-release-notes-3.0_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.0/">"GNOME 3.0 Release Notes"</a>. GNOME Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127020236/http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.0/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.0+Release+Notes&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F3.0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-release-notes-3.4-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-release-notes-3.4_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-release-notes-3.4_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.4/">"A list of features that have been implemented for 3.4"</a>. GNOME Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330034004/http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.4/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+list+of+features+that+have+been+implemented+for+3.4&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F3.4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayank_Sharma2011" class="citation web cs1">Mayank Sharma (5 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/gnome-3-0-the-complete-guide-959427">"Gnome 3.0: the complete guide"</a>. TechRadar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505045904/https://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/gnome-3-0-the-complete-guide-959427">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechRadar&rft.atitle=Gnome+3.0%3A+the+complete+guide&rft.date=2011-06-05&rft.au=Mayank+Sharma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fsoftware%2Foperating-systems%2Fgnome-3-0-the-complete-guide-959427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.0/index.html.en">"GNOME 3.0 Release Notes"</a>. help.gnome.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505045855/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.0/index.html.en">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=help.gnome.org&rft.atitle=GNOME+3.0+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F3.0%2Findex.html.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVervloesem2009" class="citation web cs1">Vervloesem, Koen (4 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/344734/">"Mutter: a window manager for GNOME 3 [LWN.net]"</a>. lwn.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090817214757/http://lwn.net/Articles/344734">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lwn.net&rft.atitle=Mutter%3A+a+window+manager+for+GNOME+3+%5BLWN.net%5D&rft.date=2009-08-04&rft.aulast=Vervloesem&rft.aufirst=Koen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F344734%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurman2009" class="citation web cs1">Thurman, Thomas (6 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.gnome.org/metacity/2009/07/06/the-future-of/">"The future of… – …for the adult in you"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709123309/http://blogs.gnome.org/metacity/2009/07/06/the-future-of/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+future+of%E2%80%A6+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%A6for+the+adult+in+you&rft.date=2009-07-06&rft.aulast=Thurman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fmetacity%2F2009%2F07%2F06%2Fthe-future-of%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.gnome.org/mclasen/2014/06/13/a-new-default-theme-for-gtk/">"A new default theme for GTK"</a>. blogs.gnome.org. 13 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224101207/http://blogs.gnome.org/mclasen/2014/06/13/a-new-default-theme-for-gtk/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.gnome.org&rft.atitle=A+new+default+theme+for+GTK&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fmclasen%2F2014%2F06%2F13%2Fa-new-default-theme-for-gtk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrague" class="citation web cs1">Prague, Liam Proven in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2013/06/03/thank_microsoft_for_linux_desktop_fail/">"How Microsoft shattered Gnome's unity with Windows 95"</a>. www.theregister.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531150844/https://www.theregister.com/2013/06/03/thank_microsoft_for_linux_desktop_fail/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theregister.com&rft.atitle=How+Microsoft+shattered+Gnome%27s+unity+with+Windows+95&rft.aulast=Prague&rft.aufirst=Liam+Proven+in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2013%2F06%2F03%2Fthank_microsoft_for_linux_desktop_fail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=121162">"Mate Desktop Environment – GNOME2 fork / Community Contributions / Arch Linux Forums"</a>. bbs.archlinux.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821024415/https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=121162">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2014. 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Retrieved 27 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+GNOME+17.04+Released+and+What%27s+Next+%7C+Ubuntu+GNOME&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft.aulast=Bicha&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntugnome.org%2Fubuntu-gnome-17-04-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forty_release_notes-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forty_release_notes_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forty_release_notes_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/40.0/">"GNOME 40 Release Notes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524162158/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/40.0/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+40+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F40.0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2021" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael (24 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=GNOME-40-Released">"GNOME 40 Released With Many Improvements – Phoronix"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210326182233/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=GNOME-40-Released">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2021. 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Retrieved 17 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+GNOME+versioning+scheme&rft.date=2020-09-16&rft.aulast=Bassi&rft.aufirst=Emmanuele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscourse.gnome.org%2Ft%2Fnew-gnome-versioning-scheme%2F4235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forty.gnome.org/">"GNOME 40"</a>. Forty.gnome.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124112857/https://forty.gnome.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnome.org/press/2000/05/gnome-1-2-bongo-gnome-unleashed/">the original</a> on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+1.2+%22Bongo+GNOME%22+Unleashed&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.date=2000-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnome.org%2Fpress%2F2000%2F05%2Fgnome-1-2-bongo-gnome-unleashed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2001-April/msg00005.html">"GNOME 1.4 "Tranquility" is released"</a>. mail.gnome.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422120919/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2001-April/msg00005.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mail.gnome.org&rft.atitle=GNOME+1.4+%22Tranquility%22+is+released&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2001-April%2Fmsg00005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524011330/http://www.gnome.org/press/2001/04/gnome-1-4-released-desktop-environment-boasts-power-stability-polish-and-integration/">"GNOME 1.4 Released: Desktop Environment Boasts Power, Stability, Polish and Integration"</a> (Press release). Copenhagen, Denmark: GNOME Project. Business Wire. 2 April 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnome.org/press/2001/04/gnome-1-4-released-desktop-environment-boasts-power-stability-polish-and-integration/">the original</a> on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+1.4+Released%3A+Desktop+Environment+Boasts+Power%2C+Stability%2C+Polish+and+Integration&rft.place=Copenhagen%2C+Denmark&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.date=2001-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnome.org%2Fpress%2F2001%2F04%2Fgnome-1-4-released-desktop-environment-boasts-power-stability-polish-and-integration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaugh2002" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Waugh, Jeff (27 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/desktop-devel-list/2002-June/msg00592.html">"GNOME 2.0 Desktop and Developer Platform Released!"</a>. desktop-devel (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705103427/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/desktop-devel-list/2002-June/msg00592.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.0+Desktop+and+Developer+Platform+Released%21&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft.aulast=Waugh&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fdesktop-devel-list%2F2002-June%2Fmsg00592.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.2/">"GNOME 2.2 Release notes"</a> (Press release). GNOME Project. 5 February 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222003745/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.2/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.2+Release+notes&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.date=2003-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F2.2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaugh2003" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Waugh, Jeff (11 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2003-September/msg00062.html">"Announcing the GNOME 2.4.0 Desktop & Developer Platform"</a>. gnome-announce (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705090244/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2003-September/msg00062.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcing+the+GNOME+2.4.0+Desktop+%26+Developer+Platform&rft.date=2003-09-11&rft.aulast=Waugh&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2003-September%2Fmsg00062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobala2004" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Sobala, Andrew (31 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2004-March/msg00131.html">"Announcing the GNOME 2.6.0 Desktop & Developer Platform"</a>. gnome-announce (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705000948/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2004-March/msg00131.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcing+the+GNOME+2.6.0+Desktop+%26+Developer+Platform&rft.date=2004-03-31&rft.aulast=Sobala&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2004-March%2Fmsg00131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.8/">"GNOME 2.8 release notes"</a> (Press release). Boston, Massachusetts: GNOME Project. 15 September 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222010951/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.8/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.8+release+notes&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F2.8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnome.org/press/2005/03/gnome-2-10-released/">"GNOME 2.10 released!"</a> (Press release). Boston, Massachusetts: GNOME Project. 9 March 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714202237/http://www.gnome.org/press/2005/03/gnome-2-10-released/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.10+released%21&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.date=2005-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnome.org%2Fpress%2F2005%2F03%2Fgnome-2-10-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.12/">"GNOME 2.12 Release Notes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722060934/http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.12/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.12+Release+Notes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F2.12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.14/">"GNOME 2.14 Release Notes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101102221031/http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.14/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.14+Release+Notes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F2.14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewren2006" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Newren, Elijah (6 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2006-September/msg00042.html">"Celebrating the release of GNOME 2.16!"</a>. gnome-announce (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705013719/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2006-September/msg00042.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+release+of+GNOME+2.16%21&rft.date=2006-09-06&rft.aulast=Newren&rft.aufirst=Elijah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2006-September%2Fmsg00042.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewren2007" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Newren, Elijah (14 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2007-March/msg00056.html">"Celebrating the release of GNOME 2.18!"</a>. gnome-announce (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705081021/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2007-March/msg00056.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+release+of+GNOME+2.18%21&rft.date=2007-03-14&rft.aulast=Newren&rft.aufirst=Elijah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2007-March%2Fmsg00056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2007" class="citation web cs1">Ryan, Paul (19 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070919-gnome-2-20-officially-released.html">"GNOME 2.20 officially released"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011163821/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070919-gnome-2-20-officially-released.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=GNOME+2.20+officially+released&rft.date=2007-09-19&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fnews.ars%2Fpost%2F20070919-gnome-2-20-officially-released.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUntz2008" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Untz, Vincent (12 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2008-March/msg00060.html">"Celebrating the release of GNOME 2.22!"</a>. gnome-announce-list (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428015433/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2008-March/msg00060.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+release+of+GNOME+2.22%21&rft.date=2008-03-12&rft.aulast=Untz&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2008-March%2Fmsg00060.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.22/#sect:gvfs-gio">"GNOME 2.22 Release Notes, Section "GVFS and GIO""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730021309/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.22/#sect:gvfs-gio">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.22+Release+Notes%2C+Section+%22GVFS+and+GIO%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F2.22%2F%23sect%3Agvfs-gio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUntz2008" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Untz, Vincent (24 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2008-September/msg00132.html">"Celebrating the release of GNOME 2.24!"</a>. gnome-announce-list (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428015454/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2008-September/msg00132.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+release+of+GNOME+2.24%21&rft.date=2008-09-24&rft.aulast=Untz&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2008-September%2Fmsg00132.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUntz2009" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Untz, Vincent (18 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2009-March/msg00091.html">"Celebrating the release of GNOME 2.26!"</a>. gnome-announce-list (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428015604/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2009-March/msg00091.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+release+of+GNOME+2.26%21&rft.date=2009-03-18&rft.aulast=Untz&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2009-March%2Fmsg00091.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolwerda2009" class="citation web cs1">Holwerda, Thom (24 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osnews.com/story/22224/GNOME_2_28_Released">"GNOME 2.28 Released"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSNews" title="OSNews">OSNews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106193900/http://www.osnews.com/story/22224/GNOME_2_28_Released">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.28+Released&rft.pub=OSNews&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft.aulast=Holwerda&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnews.com%2Fstory%2F22224%2FGNOME_2_28_Released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolwerda2010" class="citation web cs1">Holwerda, Thom (31 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osnews.com/story/23092/GNOME_2_30_Released">"GNOME 2.30 Released"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSNews" title="OSNews">OSNews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106192312/http://www.osnews.com/story/23092/GNOME_2_30_Released">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.30+Released&rft.pub=OSNews&rft.date=2010-03-31&rft.aulast=Holwerda&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnews.com%2Fstory%2F23092%2FGNOME_2_30_Released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rel2.32-139"><a href="#cite_ref-rel2.32_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.32/">"GNOME 2.32 Release Notes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222044211/http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.32/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+2.32+Release+Notes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F2.32%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNOME32RELEASENOTES-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GNOME32RELEASENOTES_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GNOME32RELEASENOTES_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVittersKlapperDay" class="citation web cs1">Vitters, Olav; Klapper, André; Day, Allan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.2/">"GNOME 3.2 Release Notes"</a>. GNOME Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121223210950/http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.2/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.2+Release+Notes&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.aulast=Vitters&rft.aufirst=Olav&rft.au=Klapper%2C+Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Day%2C+Allan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F3.2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell/commit/d868e6bfaff4e1174220ae6158cd7a0a02904ffc">"Add high dpi support"</a>. 12 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801035123/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell/commit/d868e6bfaff4e1174220ae6158cd7a0a02904ffc">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Add+high+dpi+support&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgitlab.gnome.org%2FGNOME%2Fgnome-shell%2Fcommit%2Fd868e6bfaff4e1174220ae6158cd7a0a02904ffc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Initiatives/GnomeGoals/DBusActivatable">"Convert applications to DBusActivatable"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004938/https://wiki.gnome.org/Initiatives/GnomeGoals/DBusActivatable">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convert+applications+to+DBusActivatable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gnome.org%2FInitiatives%2FGnomeGoals%2FDBusActivatable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wallen2014-143"><a href="#cite_ref-wallen2014_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallen2014" class="citation web cs1">Wallen, Jack (28 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techrepublic.com/article/gnome-3-10-has-resurrected-what-was-once-the-darling-of-the-linux-desktop/">"GNOME 3.10 has resurrected what was once the darling of the Linux desktop"</a>. TechRepublic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328234824/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/gnome-3-10-has-resurrected-what-was-once-the-darling-of-the-linux-desktop/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.10+has+resurrected+what+was+once+the+darling+of+the+Linux+desktop&rft.pub=TechRepublic&rft.date=2014-03-28&rft.aulast=Wallen&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techrepublic.com%2Farticle%2Fgnome-3-10-has-resurrected-what-was-once-the-darling-of-the-linux-desktop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/2903141/gnome-316-is-here-with-reimagined-notifications-and-visual-upgrades-galore.html">"GNOME 3.16 is here with reimagined notifications and visual upgrades galore"</a>. 28 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801060932/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2903141/gnome-316-is-here-with-reimagined-notifications-and-visual-upgrades-galore.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.16+is+here+with+reimagined+notifications+and+visual+upgrades+galore&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F2903141%2Fgnome-316-is-here-with-reimagined-notifications-and-visual-upgrades-galore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2016-March/msg00059.html">"GNOME 3.20"</a>. 23 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408110748/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2016-March/msg00059.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.20&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2016-March%2Fmsg00059.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/03/gnome-3-24-released-new-features">"GNOME 3.24 Released, This Is What's New"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. 23 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719124041/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/03/gnome-3-24-released-new-features">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.24+Released%2C+This+Is+What%27s+New&rft.pub=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.date=2017-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2017%2F03%2Fgnome-3-24-released-new-features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z1PAXiyTB0?t=28s">"Introducing GNOME 3.24 'Portland'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 23 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/_Z1PAXiyTB0">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Introducing+GNOME+3.24+%27Portland%27&rft.date=2017-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_Z1PAXiyTB0%3Ft%3D28s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnome.org/news/2017/09/gnome-3-26-released/">"GNOME 3.26 Released"</a>. 13 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316003713/https://www.gnome.org/news/2017/09/gnome-3-26-released/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.26+Released&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnome.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F09%2Fgnome-3-26-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/ThreePointTwentyseven">"GNOME 3.27.x Development Series"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222010946/https://wiki.gnome.org/ThreePointTwentyseven/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017. 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Retrieved 18 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNOME+Project&rft.atitle=GNOME+Quick+SWOT+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gnome.org%2FEngagement%2FSWOT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProven" class="citation web cs1">Proven, Liam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/27/the_gnome_project_is_closing/">"The GNOME Project is closing all its mailing lists"</a>. www.theregister.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221029123654/https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/27/the_gnome_project_is_closing/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theregister.com&rft.atitle=The+GNOME+Project+is+closing+all+its+mailing+lists&rft.aulast=Proven&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2022%2F10%2F27%2Fthe_gnome_project_is_closing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004061840/http://guadec.expectnation.com/public/content/about">"About"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Users_And_Developers_European_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Users And Developers European Conference">GNOME Users And Developers European Conference</a> (GUADEC). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guadec.expectnation.com/public/content/about">the original</a> on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=GNOME+Users+And+Developers+European+Conference+%28GUADEC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguadec.expectnation.com%2Fpublic%2Fcontent%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2022/02/18/clutter_gnome_retired/">"GNOME Project retires OpenGL rendering library Clutter"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+Project+retires+OpenGL+rendering+library+Clutter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2022%2F02%2F18%2Fclutter_gnome_retired%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBull" class="citation web cs1">Bull, Phil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521162407/https://developer.gnome.org/platform-overview/stable/tech.html.en">"Platform libraries"</a>. GNOME Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.gnome.org/platform-overview/stable/tech.html.en">the original</a> on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Platform+libraries&rft.pub=GNOME+Project&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.gnome.org%2Fplatform-overview%2Fstable%2Ftech.html.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-25-workstation/">"What's new in Fedora 25 Workstation"</a>. Fedora Magazine. Red Hat. 21 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724233241/https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-25-workstation/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fedora+Magazine&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+Fedora+25+Workstation&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffedoramagazine.org%2Fwhats-new-fedora-25-workstation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.20/">"GNOME 3.20 Release Notes"</a>. GNOME. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026192949/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.20/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+3.20+Release+Notes&rft.pub=GNOME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fmisc%2Frelease-notes%2F3.20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gdm/-/commit/6cd2d248250f08b033fac6dffdc95e2dc83ffb4a">"session: give Wayland sessions priority · GNOME/gdm@6cd2d24"</a>. GNOME GitLab. 9 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204808/https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gdm/-/commit/6cd2d248250f08b033fac6dffdc95e2dc83ffb4a">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=session%3A+give+Wayland+sessions+priority+%C2%B7+GNOME%2Fgdm%406cd2d24&rft.pub=GNOME+GitLab&rft.date=2015-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgitlab.gnome.org%2FGNOME%2Fgdm%2F-%2Fcommit%2F6cd2d248250f08b033fac6dffdc95e2dc83ffb4a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=GNOME-Mutter-Mainline-EGLStream">"GNOME Lands Mainline NVIDIA Wayland Support Using EGLStreams"</a>. Phoronix. 17 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919180654/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=GNOME-Mutter-Mainline-EGLStream">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+Lands+Mainline+NVIDIA+Wayland+Support+Using+EGLStreams&rft.pub=Phoronix&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DGNOME-Mutter-Mainline-EGLStream&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/news/GNOME-3.30-Mutter-X11-Relief">"GNOME 3.30 Mutter Relieves Wayland Code From Depending Upon X11/XWayland"</a>. www.phoronix.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.phoronix.com&rft.atitle=GNOME+3.30+Mutter+Relieves+Wayland+Code+From+Depending+Upon+X11%2FXWayland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fnews%2FGNOME-3.30-Mutter-X11-Relief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoettering2011" class="citation mailinglist cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Poettering" title="Lennart Poettering">Poettering, Lennart</a> (18 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/desktop-devel-list/2011-May/msg00427.html">"systemd as external dependency"</a>. desktop-devel (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010045031/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/desktop-devel-list/2011-May/msg00427.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=systemd+as+external+dependency&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft.aulast=Poettering&rft.aufirst=Lennart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fdesktop-devel-list%2F2011-May%2Fmsg00427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2012" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Peters, Frederic (6 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/release-team/2012-November/msg00015.html">"20121104 meeting minutes"</a>. release-team (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907034652/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/release-team/2012-November/msg00015.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20121104+meeting+minutes&rft.date=2012-11-06&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Frelease-team%2F2012-November%2Fmsg00015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/inhibit/">"Inhibitor locks"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503183448/https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/inhibit/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2020. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F-Spot" title="F-Spot">F-Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GThumb" title="GThumb">gThumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotwell_(software)" title="Shotwell (software)">Shotwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanner_Access_Now_Easy#Simple_Scan" title="Scanner Access Now Easy">Simple Scan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(email_client)" title="Balsa (email client)">Balsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy_(software)" title="Empathy (software)">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiga" title="Ekiga">Ekiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_(e-mail_client)" title="Geary (e-mail client)">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Connections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Connections (page does not exist)">GNOME Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Fractal" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Fractal">GNOME Fractal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobby" title="Gobby">Gobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_(software)" title="Jami (software)">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission-gtk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banshee_(media_player)" title="Banshee (media player)">Banshee</a></li> <li>EasyTag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitivi" title="Pitivi">Pitivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmbox" title="Rhythmbox">Rhythmbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Juicer" title="Sound Juicer">Sound Juicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_SoundConverter" title="GNOME SoundConverter">SoundConverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushi (software)">sushi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Games">GNOME Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Chess">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Mines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Mines">Mines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbrainy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbrainy">gbrainy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PyChess" title="PyChess">PyChess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archive_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Manager">Archive Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasero_(software)" title="Brasero (software)">Brasero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dconf" title="Dconf">dconf-editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedit" title="Gedit">gedit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnote" title="Gnote">gnote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GParted" title="GParted">GParted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seahorse_(software)" title="Seahorse (software)">Seahorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomboy_(software)" title="Tomboy (software)">Tomboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelp_(software)" title="Yelp (software)">Yelp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">User interface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GNOME 40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mutter on GSK</li> <li>…</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GNOME 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Client-Side_Decoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-Side Decoration">Client-Side Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantarell_(typeface)" title="Cantarell (typeface)">Cantarell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager">GDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_Desktop_Project" title="Tango Desktop Project">Tango Desktop Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GNOME 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Panel">GNOME Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearlooks" title="Clearlooks">Clearlooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adwaita_(design_language)" title="Adwaita (design language)">Adwaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamon (software)">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATE_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="MATE (software)">MATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodon_(software)" title="Diodon (software)">Diodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Do" title="GNOME Do">GNOME Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant_Window_Navigator" title="Avant Window Navigator">Avant Window Navigator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">GNOME Base</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GDK" title="GDK">GDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTK_Scene_Graph_Kit" title="GTK Scene Graph Kit">GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessibility_Toolkit" title="Accessibility Toolkit">ATK</a></li> <li>Clutter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pango" title="Pango">Pango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLib" title="GLib">GLib</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GObject" title="GObject">GObject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIO_(software)" title="GIO (software)">GIO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus" title="Intelligent Input Bus">IBus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dconf" title="Dconf">dconf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Keyring" title="GNOME Keyring">Keyring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME-DB" title="GNOME-DB">GNOME-DB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GVfs" title="GVfs">GVfs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GnomeVFS" title="GnomeVFS">GnomeVFS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Librsvg" title="Librsvg">Librsvg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TinySPARQL" title="TinySPARQL">TinySPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vala_(programming_language)" title="Vala (programming language)">Vala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libxslt" title="Libxslt">libxslt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libxml2" title="Libxml2">libxml2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppStream" title="AppStream">AppStream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GStreamer" title="GStreamer">GStreamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetworkManager" title="NetworkManager">NetworkManager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppler_(software)" title="Poppler (software)">Poppler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PulseAudio" title="PulseAudio">PulseAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit">PackageKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarfBuzz" title="HarfBuzz">HarfBuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_(graphics)" title="Cairo (graphics)">Cairo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Foundation" title="GNOME Foundation">GNOME Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Users_And_Developers_European_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Users And Developers European Conference">GUADEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_GNOME_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The GNOME Project">The GNOME Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outreachy" title="Outreachy">Outreachy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Icaza" title="Miguel de Icaza">Miguel de Icaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Villa" title="Luis Villa">Luis Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havoc_Pennington" title="Havoc Pennington">Havoc Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Sandler" title="Karen Sandler">Karen Sandler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/13px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/20px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/27px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/16px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/24px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/32px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:GNOME" title="Category:GNOME">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GNOME" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:GNOME">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Software/Free_and_open-source_software_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Software/Free and open-source software task force">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Desktop_environments_and_window_managers_based_on_X11_or_Wayland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Desktop_environments_and_window_managers_for_X11_and_Wayland" title="Template:Desktop environments and window managers for X11 and Wayland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Desktop_environments_and_window_managers_for_X11_and_Wayland" title="Template talk:Desktop environments and window managers for X11 and Wayland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Desktop_environments_and_window_managers_for_X11_and_Wayland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Desktop environments and window managers for X11 and Wayland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Desktop_environments_and_window_managers_based_on_X11_or_Wayland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">Desktop environments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">window managers</a> based on <a href="/wiki/X11" class="mw-redirect" title="X11">X11</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">Desktop environments</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_X_Window_System_desktop_environments" title="Comparison of X Window System desktop environments">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budgie_(desktop_environment)" title="Budgie (desktop environment)">Budgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_(desktop_environment)" title="Cinnamon (desktop environment)">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNOME</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_1" title="GNOME 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_2" title="GNOME 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_3" title="GNOME 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPE_Palmtop_Environment" title="GPE Palmtop Environment">GPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Desktop_System" title="Java Desktop System">Java Desktop System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXDE" title="LXDE">LXDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATE_(desktop_environment)" title="MATE (desktop environment)">MATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROX_Desktop" title="ROX Desktop">ROX Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_(desktop_environment)" title="Sugar (desktop environment)">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deepin#Deepin_Desktop_Environment" title="Deepin">Deepin DE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Software_Compilation" title="KDE Software Compilation">KDE SC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K_Desktop_Environment_1" title="K Desktop Environment 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_Desktop_Environment_2" title="K Desktop Environment 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_Desktop_Environment_3" title="K Desktop Environment 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Software_Compilation_4" title="KDE Software Compilation 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumina_(desktop_environment)" title="Lumina (desktop environment)">Lumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXQt" title="LXQt">LXQt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor-qt" title="Razor-qt">Razor-qt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Desktop_Environment" title="Trinity Desktop Environment">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKUI_(desktop_environment)" class="mw-redirect" title="UKUI (desktop environment)">UKUI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motif_(software)" title="Motif (software)">Motif</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Desktop_Environment" title="Common Desktop Environment">CDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIX_Interactive_Desktop" title="IRIX Interactive Desktop">IRIX Interactive Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_User_Environment" title="Visual User Environment">VUE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.desktop" title="X.desktop">X.desktop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COSMIC_(desktop_environment)" title="COSMIC (desktop environment)">COSMIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looking_Glass_(desktop_environment)" title="Looking Glass (desktop environment)">Looking Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenWindows" title="OpenWindows">OpenWindows</a> (<a href="/wiki/XView" title="XView">XView</a>- and <a href="/wiki/OLIT" title="OLIT">OLIT</a>-based)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDE" title="UDE">UDE</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xlib" title="Xlib">Xlib</a>/<a href="/wiki/XCB" title="XCB">XCB</a>-based)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)#Graphical_shells" title="Shell (computing)">Graphical shells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDesktop" title="KDesktop">KDesktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma" title="KDE Plasma">KDE Plasma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_4" title="KDE Plasma 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5" title="KDE Plasma 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_6" title="KDE Plasma 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_Bigscreen" title="Plasma Bigscreen">Plasma Bigscreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_Mobile" title="Plasma Mobile">Plasma Mobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)#Maynard" title="Wayland (protocol)">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosh" title="Phosh">Phosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(user_interface)" title="Unity (user interface)">Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X_window_manager" title="X window manager">X window managers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_X_window_managers" title="Comparison of X window managers">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compositing_window_manager" title="Compositing window manager">Compositing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compiz" title="Compiz">Compiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment (software)">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWin" title="KWin">KWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metisse" title="Metisse">Metisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_(window_manager)" title="Moksha (window manager)">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)#Muffin" title="Mutter (software)">Muffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Looking_Glass" title="Project Looking Glass">Project Looking Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xfce#Xfwm" title="Xfce">Xfwm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stacking_window_manager" title="Stacking window manager">Stacking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Dwm" class="mw-redirect" title="4Dwm">4Dwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfterStep" title="AfterStep">AfterStep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiwm" title="Amiwm">amiwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbox" title="Blackbox">Blackbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTWM" title="CTWM">CTWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwm_(window_manager)" title="Cwm (window manager)">cwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxbox" title="Fluxbox">Fluxbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLWM" title="FLWM">FLWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FVWM" title="FVWM">FVWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IceWM" title="IceWM">IceWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchbox_(window_manager)" title="Matchbox (window manager)">Matchbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_Window_Manager" title="Motif Window Manager">Motif Window Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwm" title="Olwm">olwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openbox" title="Openbox">Openbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qvwm" title="Qvwm">Qvwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawfish_(window_manager)" title="Sawfish (window manager)">Sawfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swm" title="Swm">swm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twm" title="Twm">twm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvtwm" title="Tvtwm">tvtwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vtwm" title="Vtwm">vtwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_Maker" class="mw-redirect" title="Window Maker">Window Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WindowLab" title="WindowLab">WindowLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wm2" title="Wm2">wm2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tiling_window_manager" title="Tiling window manager">Tiling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awesome_(window_manager)" title="Awesome (window manager)">awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwm" title="Dwm">dwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3_(window_manager)" title="I3 (window manager)">i3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_(window_manager)" title="Ion (window manager)">Ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larswm" title="Larswm">larswm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratpoison" title="Ratpoison">ratpoison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StumpWM" class="mw-redirect" title="StumpWM">StumpWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wmii" class="mw-redirect" title="Wmii">wmii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmonad" title="Xmonad">xmonad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wayland_compositor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland compositor">Wayland compositors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment (software)">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_OS#Pantheon" title="Elementary OS">Gala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWin" title="KWin">KWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(software)" title="Mir (software)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)#Muffin" title="Mutter (software)">Muffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgie_(desktop_environment)" title="Budgie (desktop environment)">Budgie-wm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sway_(window_manager)" title="Sway (window manager)">sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)#Weston" title="Wayland (protocol)">Weston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Display_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Display server">Display server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">Desktop metaphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widget_(GUI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Widget (GUI)">GUI widget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painter%27s_algorithm" title="Painter's algorithm">Painter's algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_independence" title="Resolution independence">Resolution independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_desktop" title="Virtual desktop">Virtual desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">Widget toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">Windowing system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44316#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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