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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Penerbitan_terpilih" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penerbitan_terpilih"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Penerbitan terpilih</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penerbitan_terpilih-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Petikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hans Bethe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 85 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%87" title="هانز بيته – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هانز بيته" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87" title="هانس بته – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هانس بته" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87" title="হান্স বেটে – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হান্স বেটে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Ханс Альбрэхт Бетэ – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ханс Альбрэхт Бетэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ханс Бете – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ханс Бете" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B5" title="Χανς Μπέτε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χανς Μπέτε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87" title="هانس بیته – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هانس بیته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B2%A0%ED%85%8C" title="한스 베테 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한스 베테" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A5" title="Հանս Բետե – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանս Բետե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87" title="हांस बेथे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हांस बेथे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%94" title="הנס בתה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנס בתה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%94" title="ჰანს ბეთე – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰანს ბეთე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ханс Альбрехт Бете – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ханс Альбрехт Бете" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Bethe" title="Ioannes Bethe – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Bethe" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanss_B%C4%93te" title="Hanss Bēte – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hanss Bēte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ханс Бете – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ханс Бете" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86" title="ഹാൻസ് ബെതെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാൻസ് ബെതെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5" title="हान्स बेथ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हान्स बेथ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%94" title="ჰანს ბეთე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰანს ბეთე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="هانز بيتا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هانز بيتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87" title="هانس بته – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هانس بته" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87" title="हान्स बेथे – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हान्स बेथे" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86" title="ハンス・ベーテ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンス・ベーテ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A5" title="ਹੰਸ ਬੇਥ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੰਸ ਬੇਥ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%92" title="ہانز بیتھے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہانز بیتھے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Бете, Ханс – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бете, Ханс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87" title="हान्स बेथे – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हान्स बेथे" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hans Albrecht Bethe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ханс Бете – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ханс Бете" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="அன்சு பேத்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அன்சு பேத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD" title="ฮันส์ เบเทอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮันส์ เบเทอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ҳанс Бете – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳанс Бете" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ганс Бете – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ганс Бете" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="ہنس بیتھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہنس بیتھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9" title="汉斯·贝特 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉斯·贝特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hans Bethe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%B2%9D%E7%89%B9" title="漢斯貝特 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="漢斯貝特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9" title="汉斯·贝特 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉斯·贝特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q155794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hans_Bethe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hans_Bethe.jpg/200px-Hans_Bethe.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hans_Bethe.jpg/300px-Hans_Bethe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hans_Bethe.jpg/400px-Hans_Bethe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption>Hans Albrecht Bethe</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hans Albrecht Bethe</b> (<small>bahasa Jerman: </small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:IPA untuk bahasa Jerman (laman tidak wujud)">[ˈhans ˈalbʁɛçt ˈbeːtə]</a></span><small></small>; 2 Julai 1906 - 6 Mac 2005) ialah seorang <a href="/wiki/Ahli_fizik" title="Ahli fizik">ahli fizik</a> <a href="/wiki/Fizik_nuklear" title="Fizik nuklear">nuklear</a> <a href="/wiki/Orang_Amerika_Jerman" title="Orang Amerika Jerman">Jerman-Amerika</a> yang membuat sumbangan penting kepada <a href="/wiki/Astrofizik" title="Astrofizik">astrofizik</a>, elektrodinamik kuantum dan fizik keadaan pepejal, dan memenangi <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik">Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik</a> 1967 untuk teori <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_nuklear_najam" title="Sintesis nuklear najam">nukleosintesis bintang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penerbitan_terpilih">Penerbitan terpilih</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bethe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Penerbitan terpilih" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bethe&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penerbitan terpilih"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bethe, HA <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4415436-theory-high-frequency-rectification-silicon-crystals">"Teori Pembetulan Frekuensi Tinggi oleh Silicon Crystals"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_Teknologi_Massachusetts" title="Institut Teknologi Massachusetts">Institut Teknologi</a> Massachusetts (MIT) Makmal Sinaran, <a href="/wiki/Jabatan_Tenaga_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat">Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat</a> (melalui agensi pendahulunya <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Tenaga_Atom_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom Amerika Syarikat">Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom</a> ), (29 Oktober 1942).</li> <li>Bethe, HA <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4347017-theoretical-estimate-maximum-possible-nuclear-explosion">"Anggaran Teoritis Maksimum Letupan Letupan Nuklear"</a>, Knolls Laboratorium Kuasa Atom-Schenectady, NY, <a href="/wiki/Jabatan_Tenaga_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat">Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat</a> (melalui agensi pendahulunya <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Tenaga_Atom_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom Amerika Syarikat">Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom</a> ), (31 Januari 1950).</li> <li>Bethe, HA; Rajaraman, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4505584-three-body-problem-nuclear-matter">"Masalah Tiga Tubuh dalam Bahan Nuklear"</a>, Universiti California Selatan-Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Jabatan_Tenaga_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat">Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat</a> (melalui agensi pendahulunya <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Tenaga_Atom_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom Amerika Syarikat">Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom</a> ), (1967).</li> <li>Bethe, HA <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4619112-note-inverse-bremsstrahlung-strong-electromagnetic-field">"Nota pada Bremsstrahlung songsang dalam Bidang Elektromagnetik yang Kuat"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makmal_Negara_Los_Alamos" title="Makmal Negara Los Alamos">Makmal Kebangsaan Los Alamos</a> (LANL), <a href="/wiki/Jabatan_Tenaga_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat">Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat</a> (melalui agensi pendahulu <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Tenaga_Atom_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom Amerika Syarikat">Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom</a> ), (September 1972).</li> <li>Bethe, HA <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4584652-pauli-principle-pion-scattering">"Pauli Principle and Pion Scattering"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makmal_Negara_Los_Alamos" title="Makmal Negara Los Alamos">Laboratorium Nasional Los Alamos</a> (LANL), <a href="/wiki/Jabatan_Tenaga_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat">Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat</a> (melalui agensi pendahulunya <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Tenaga_Atom_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom Amerika Syarikat">Suruhanjaya Tenaga Atom</a> ), (Oktober 1972).</li> <li>Bethe, HA <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5601384-fusion-hybrid-reactor">"Fusion Hybrid Reactor"</a>, Sandia National Laboratories, <a href="/wiki/Jabatan_Tenaga_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat">Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat</a>, (Ogos 1981).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petikan">Petikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bethe&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Petikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bethe&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Petikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeeBrown2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, S.; Brown, G. E. (2007). "Hans Albrecht Bethe. 2 July 1906 -- 6 March 2005: Elected ForMemRS 1957". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society (laman tidak wujud)">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>53</b>: 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0018">10.1098/rsbm.2007.0018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Hans+Albrecht+Bethe.+2+July+1906+--+6+March+2005%3A+Elected+ForMemRS+1957&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0018&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Brown%2C+G.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHorgan1992" class="citation journal cs1">Horgan, John (1992). "Illuminator of the Stars". <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>267</b> (4): 32–40. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992SciAm.267d..32H">1992SciAm.267d..32H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1092-32">10.1038/scientificamerican1092-32</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Illuminator+of+the+Stars&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=32-40&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1092-32&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992SciAm.267d..32H&rft.aulast=Horgan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bethe&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bethe&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Bernstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Bernstein (laman tidak wujud)">Bernstein, Jeremy</a> (1980). <i>Hans Bethe, Prophet of Energy</i>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-465-02903-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-465-02903-7"><bdi>978-0-465-02903-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hans+Bethe%2C+Prophet+of+Energy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-465-02903-7&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBethe1991" class="citation book cs1">Bethe, Hans A. (1991). <i>The Road from Los Alamos</i>. New York: American Institute of Physics. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-88318-707-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-88318-707-4"><bdi>978-0-88318-707-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+from+Los+Alamos&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-88318-707-4&rft.aulast=Bethe&rft.aufirst=Hans+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrian2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Brian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Brian (laman tidak wujud)">Brian, Denis</a> (2001). <i>The Voice Of Genius: Conversations With Nobel Scientists And Other Luminaries</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Pub. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7382-0447-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7382-0447-5"><bdi>978-0-7382-0447-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Voice+Of+Genius%3A+Conversations+With+Nobel+Scientists+And+Other+Luminaries&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Perseus+Pub&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7382-0447-5&rft.aulast=Brian&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrownLee2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_E._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald E. Brown (laman tidak wujud)">Brown, Gerald E.</a>; Lee, Sabine (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bethe-hans.pdf"><i>Hans Albrecht Bethe</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Biographical Memoirs. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hans+Albrecht+Bethe&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Biographical+Memoirs&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Gerald+E.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sabine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fbethe-hans.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrownLee2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_E._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald E. Brown (laman tidak wujud)">Brown, Gerald E.</a>; Lee, Chang-Hwan, penyunting (2006). <i>Hans Bethe and his Physics</i>. New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9812566090" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9812566090"><bdi>9812566090</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hans+Bethe+and+his+Physics&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9812566090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHerken2002" class="citation book cs1">Herken, Gregg (2002). <i>Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller</i>. New York: Henry Holt and Company. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-8050-6588-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-8050-6588-1"><bdi>0-8050-6588-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brotherhood+of+the+Bomb%3A+The+Tangled+Lives+and+Loyalties+of+Robert+Oppenheimer%2C+Ernest+Lawrence%2C+and+Edward+Teller&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8050-6588-1&rft.aulast=Herken&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Hoddeson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian Hoddeson (laman tidak wujud)">Hoddeson, Lillian</a>; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; Westfall, Catherine L. (1993). <i>Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-521-44132-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-521-44132-3"><bdi>0-521-44132-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/26764320">26764320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Assembly%3A+A+Technical+History+of+Los+Alamos+During+the+Oppenheimer+Years%2C+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26764320&rft.isbn=0-521-44132-3&rft.aulast=Hoddeson&rft.aufirst=Lillian&rft.au=Henriksen%2C+Paul+W.&rft.au=Meade%2C+Roger+A.&rft.au=Westfall%2C+Catherine+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchweber2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvan_S._Schweber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvan S. Schweber (laman tidak wujud)">Schweber, Silvan S.</a> (2000). <i>In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-04989-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-691-04989-2"><bdi>978-0-691-04989-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Bomb%3A+Bethe%2C+Oppenheimer%2C+and+the+Moral+Responsibility+of+the+Scientist&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-691-04989-2&rft.aulast=Schweber&rft.aufirst=Silvan+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchweber2012" class="citation book cs1">Schweber, Silvan S. (2012). <i>Nuclear Forces: The Making of the Physicist Hans Bethe</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-06587-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-674-06587-1"><bdi>978-0-674-06587-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Forces%3A+The+Making+of+the+Physicist+Hans+Bethe&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-674-06587-1&rft.aulast=Schweber&rft.aufirst=Silvan+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSzasz1992" class="citation book cs1">Szasz, Ferenc Morton (1992). <i>British Scientists and the Manhattan Project: the Los Alamos Years</i>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-312-06167-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-312-06167-8"><bdi>978-0-312-06167-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/23901666">23901666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Scientists+and+the+Manhattan+Project%3A+the+Los+Alamos+Years&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23901666&rft.isbn=978-0-312-06167-8&rft.aulast=Szasz&rft.aufirst=Ferenc+Morton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Bethe" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Templat:Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Perbincangan templat:Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Senarai penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik">Penerima</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik">Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1901</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1902</span> <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1903</span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1904</span> <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1905</span> <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1906</span> <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1907</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Michelson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1908</span> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1909</span> <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1910</span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1911</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1912</span> <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1913</span> <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1914</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1915</span> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1916</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1917</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1918</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1919</span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1920</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1921</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1922</span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1923</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1924</span> <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1925</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1926</span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1927</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1928</span> <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1929</span> <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1930</span> <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1931</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1932</span> <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1933</span> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1934</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1935</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1936</span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1937</span> <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1938</span> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1939</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1940</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1941</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1942</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1943</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1944</span> <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1945</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1946</span> <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1947</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1948</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1949</span> <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1950</span> <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1951</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1952</span> <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1953</span> <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1954</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1955</span> <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1956</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1957</span> <a href="/wiki/Chen-Ning_Yang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chen-Ning Yang">C. N. Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1958</span> <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Frank" title="Ilya Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1959</span> <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1965</span> <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1967</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bethe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1968</span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1975</span> <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1993</span> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">J. Taylor</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–kini</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2016</span> <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2017</span> <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2018</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2019</span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2020</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2021</span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2022</span> <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2023</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Agostini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Agostini (laman tidak wujud)">Agostini</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenc_Krausz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenc Krausz (laman tidak wujud)">Krausz</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_L%27Huillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne L'Huillier (laman tidak wujud)">L'Huillier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155794#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110237544">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32057187">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/32057187">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90198502">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX943726">Sepanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275191v">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275191v">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511727506706">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118658662">Jerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258778205171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50009103">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000058708&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00433198">Jepun</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153070&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35018177">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000447139&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073027723">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810658391505606">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/178183">Sweden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kamus biografi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118658662.html?language=en">Jerman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangkalan data saintifik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00797296?l=en">CiNii (Jepun)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/36115">MathSciNet</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=48688">Projek Genealogi Matematik</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22965780100">Pengarang Scopus</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:bethe.hans-a">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span 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