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id="toc-Summary_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_language_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_language_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Specific language features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specific_language_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Specific language features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Specific_language_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bulgarian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgarian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Bulgarian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgarian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Dutch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 German </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finnish_and_Swedish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finnish_and_Swedish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Finnish and Swedish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finnish_and_Swedish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 French </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Greek </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungarian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Hungarian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Hebrew </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norwegian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norwegian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Norwegian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norwegian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Polish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Portuguese </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belarusian,_Russian,_and_Ukrainian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belarusian,_Russian,_and_Ukrainian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belarusian,_Russian,_and_Ukrainian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 Spanish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.14 Chinese, Japanese and Korean </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotation_dash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotation_dash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Quotation dash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotation_dash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Electronic documents </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electronic_documents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Electronic documents subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Electronic_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Typewriters_and_early_computers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typewriters_and_early_computers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Typewriters and early computers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typewriters_and_early_computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keyboard_layouts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboard_layouts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Keyboard layouts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboard_layouts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curved_quotes_within_and_across_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curved_quotes_within_and_across_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Curved quotes within and across applications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curved_quotes_within_and_across_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usenet_and_email" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usenet_and_email"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Usenet and email </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usenet_and_email-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode_code_point_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode_code_point_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Unicode code point table </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode_code_point_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Quotation mark</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aanhalingstekens" title="Aanhalingstekens – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aanhalingstekens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B5" title="علامتا تنصيص – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علامتا تنصيص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cometas" title="Cometas – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cometas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comines" title="Comines – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Comines" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%B1rnaq_i%C5%9Far%C9%99si" title="Dırnaq işarəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dırnaq işarəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dn-k%C3%B9-ti%C3%A1m" title="Ín-kù-tiám – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ín-kù-tiám" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тырнаҡтар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тырнаҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Двукоссе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Двукоссе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Двукосьсе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Двукосьсе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Кавички – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кавички" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klochedigo%C3%B9" title="Klochedigoù – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Klochedigoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cometes_(tipografia)" title="Cometes (tipografia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cometes (tipografia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Чĕрнешке – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чĕрнешке" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvozovky" title="Uvozovky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uvozovky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citationstegn" title="Citationstegn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Citationstegn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%BChrungszeichen" title="Anführungszeichen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anführungszeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutum%C3%A4rgid" title="Jutumärgid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jutumärgid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comillas" title="Comillas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comillas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citilo" title="Citilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Citilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komatxo" title="Komatxo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Komatxo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="علامت گفتاورد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علامت گفتاورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillemet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klammerke" title="Klammerke – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Klammerke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhartha_athfhriotail" title="Comhartha athfhriotail – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhartha athfhriotail" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comi%C3%B1as" title="Comiñas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comiñas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A3_%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8" title="અવતરણ ચિહ્ન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અવતરણ ચિહ્ન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хашалта – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хашалта" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%B0%EC%98%B4%ED%91%9C" title="따옴표 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="따옴표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Չակերտներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չակերտներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazorki" title="Pazorki – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pazorki" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navodnici" title="Navodnici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Navodnici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_petik" title="Tanda petik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda petik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A6salappir" title="Gæsalappir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gæsalappir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgolette" title="Virgolette – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Virgolette" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מירכאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מירכאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="ბრჭყალები (სასვენი ნიშანი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრჭყალები (სასვენი ნიშანი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Тырнақша – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тырнақша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93di%C5%86as" title="Pēdiņas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pēdiņas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabut%C4%97s" title="Kabutės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kabutės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9z%C5%91jel" title="Idézőjel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Idézőjel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Наводници – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Наводници" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farango_sosona" title="Farango sosona – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Farango sosona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82)" title="ഉദ്ധരണി (ചിഹ്നനം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉദ്ധരണി (ചിഹ്നനം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_petik" title="Tanda petik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanda petik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aanhalingsteken" title="Aanhalingsteken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aanhalingsteken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="उद्धरण चिह्न – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उद्धरण चिह्न" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%AC%A6" title="引用符 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="引用符" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%B8rselstegn" title="Anførselstegn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anførselstegn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitatteikn" title="Sitatteikn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sitatteikn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergueta" title="Vergueta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vergueta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qo%CA%BBshtirnoq" title="Qoʻshtirnoq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoʻshtirnoq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cudzys%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Cudzysłów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cudzysłów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspas" title="Aspas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aspas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghilimele" title="Ghilimele – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ghilimele" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Кавычки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кавычки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="واوین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="واوین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonj%C3%ABzat" title="Thonjëzat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thonjëzat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quotation mark" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA" title="ڪوٽيشن مارڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪوٽيشن مارڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Avodzovky" title="Úvodzovky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Úvodzovky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narekovaj" title="Narekovaj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narekovaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Наводници – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наводници" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navodnici" title="Navodnici – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Navodnici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lainausmerkki" title="Lainausmerkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lainausmerkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citattecken" title="Citattecken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Citattecken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panipi" title="Panipi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panipi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="மேற்கோட்குறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கோட்குறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="อัญประกาศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัญประกาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rnak_i%C5%9Fareti" title="Tırnak işareti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tırnak işareti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лапки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лапки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="علامت اقتباس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علامت اقتباس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo%C5%82ete" title="Virgołete – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Virgołete" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A5u_ngo%E1%BA%B7c_k%C3%A9p" title="Dấu ngoặc kép – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dấu ngoặc kép" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugitkugit" title="Kugitkugit – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kugitkugit" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%B7" title="引号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="引号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E8%99%9F" title="引號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="引號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOkina" title="ʻOkina">ʻOkina</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">Apostrophe</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quotation_mark" title="Special:EditPage/Quotation mark">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Quotation+mark%22">"Quotation mark"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Quotation+mark%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Quotation+mark%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Quotation+mark%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Quotation+mark%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Quotation+mark%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (September 2014) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:18em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ebebeb; font-size:750%; line-height:1.2; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;">“ ”  " " ‘ ’  ' '</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="font-size:125%; background:#ebebeb; font-weight:bold; padding:0.1em; line-height:1.2em;">English quotation marks</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="background:#ebebeb;padding:0 0 0.4em;line-height:1.2em;"> <table align="center" style="display:table;padding:0;background:transparent;width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 200%; text-align: center; line-height: 0.01; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;"> <th style="padding:0.5em 0.1em; min-width:1.0em; text-align: center;">« » </th> <th style="padding:0.5em 0.1em ;min-width:1.0em; text-align: center;">「 」 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th style="padding:0.2em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">Guillemets</a> </th> <th style="padding:0.2em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK</a> brackets </th></tr></tbody></table></div></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> Quotation marks<a href="#cite_note-altnames-3">[A]</a> are <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> marks used in pairs in various <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a> to identify <a href="/wiki/Direct_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct speech">direct speech</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Quotation" title="Quotation">quotation</a>, or a phrase. The pair consists of an opening quotation mark and a closing quotation mark, which may or may not be the same <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyph</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> Quotation marks have a variety of forms in different languages and in different media. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quotation_mark" title="Special:EditPage/Quotation mark">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Quotation+mark%22">"Quotation mark"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Quotation+mark%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Quotation+mark%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Quotation+mark%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Quotation+mark%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Quotation+mark%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The single quotation mark is traced to Ancient Greek practice, adopted and adapted by monastic copyists. <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a>, in his seventh century encyclopedia, <a href="/wiki/Etymologiae" title="Etymologiae">Etymologiae</a>, described their use of the Greek diplé (a <a href="/wiki/Angle_bracket" class="mw-redirect" title="Angle bracket">chevron</a>): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> [13] ⟩ Diple. Hanc scriptores nostri adponunt in libris ecclesiasticorum virorum ad separanda vel [ad] demonstranda testimonia sanctarum Scripturarum.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> [13] ⟩ Diplé. Our copyists place this sign in the books of the people of the Church, to separate or to indicate the quotations drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Scripture">Holy Scriptures</a>. </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The double quotation mark derives from a marginal notation used in fifteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> annotations to indicate a passage of particular importance (not necessarily a quotation); the notation was placed in the outside margin of the page and was repeated alongside each line of the passage.<a href="#cite_note-guilles-7">[6]</a> In his edition of the works of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, which appeared in 1483 or 1484, the Milanese <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance humanist">Renaissance humanist</a> <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Filelfo" title="Francesco Filelfo">Francesco Filelfo</a> marked literal and appropriate quotes with oblique double dashes on the left margin of each line.<a href="#cite_note-Castellani-8">[7]</a> Until then, literal quotations had been highlighted or not at the author's discretion.<a href="#cite_note-Castellani-8">[7]</a> Non-verbal loans[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] were marked on the edge. After the publication of Filelfo's edition, the quotation marks for literal quotations prevailed.<a href="#cite_note-Castellani-8">[7]</a> During the seventeenth century this treatment became specific to quoted material, and it grew common, especially in Britain, to print quotation marks (now in the modern opening and closing forms) at the beginning and end of the quotation as well as in the margin; the French usage is a remnant of this. In most other languages, including English, the marginal marks dropped out of use in the last years of the eighteenth century. The usage of a pair of marks, opening and closing, at the level of lower case letters was generalized.<a href="#cite_note-guilles-7">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guillemets_(Imprimerie_nationale,_1934).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png/220px-Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png/330px-Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="82" /></a><figcaption>Guillemets by the <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie nationale">Imprimerie nationale</a> in Bulletin de l'Agence générale des colonies, No. 302, May 1934, showing the usage of a pair of marks, opening and closing, at the level of lower case letters</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quotation_%26_apostrophe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quotation_%26_apostrophe.png/220px-Quotation_%26_apostrophe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quotation_%26_apostrophe.png/330px-Quotation_%26_apostrophe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quotation_%26_apostrophe.png/440px-Quotation_%26_apostrophe.png 2x" data-file-width="1763" data-file-height="153" /></a><figcaption>Clash between the apostrophe and curved quotation marks in a phrase meaning "the crimes of the 'good Samaritans' "</figcaption></figure> By the nineteenth century, the design and usage began to be specific to each region. In <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> the custom became to use the quotation mark pairs with the convexity of each mark aimed outward. In <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> those marks were elevated to the same height as the top of capital letters: “...”. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guillemets_%26_apostrophe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Guillemets_%26_apostrophe.png/220px-Guillemets_%26_apostrophe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Guillemets_%26_apostrophe.png/330px-Guillemets_%26_apostrophe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Guillemets_%26_apostrophe.png/440px-Guillemets_%26_apostrophe.png 2x" data-file-width="1827" data-file-height="169" /></a><figcaption>Clearly distinguishable apostrophe and angular quotation marks.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quotation_%26_spaces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Quotation_%26_spaces.png/220px-Quotation_%26_spaces.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Quotation_%26_spaces.png/330px-Quotation_%26_spaces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Quotation_%26_spaces.png/440px-Quotation_%26_spaces.png 2x" data-file-width="1827" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Blank space (in yellow) provoked by elevated quotation marks; some type designers consider this excessive.<a href="#cite_note-design_et_typo-9">[8]</a></figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, by the end of the nineteenth century, the marks were modified to an angular shape: «...». Some authors<a href="#cite_note-design_et_typo-9">[8]</a> claim that the reason for this was a practical one, in order to get a character that was clearly distinguishable from the apostrophes, the commas, and the parentheses. Also, in other scripts, the angular quotation marks are distinguishable from other punctuation characters: the <a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics#Breathings" title="Greek diacritics">Greek breathing marks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet#Punctuation" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian emphasis and apostrophe</a>, the Arabic <a href="/wiki/Comma#In_other_languages" title="Comma">comma</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Decimal_mark#Other_numeral_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal mark">decimal separator</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thousands_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousands separator">thousands separator</a>, etc. Other authors<a href="#cite_note-design_et_typo-9">[8]</a> claim that the reason for this was an aesthetic one: the elevated quotation marks created extra white space before and after the word, below the quotation marks. This was considered aesthetically unpleasing, while the in-line quotation marks helped to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Type_color" title="Type color">typographical color</a>, since the quotation marks had the same height and were aligned with the lower case letters.<a href="#cite_note-guilles-7">[6]</a> Nevertheless, while other languages do not insert spaces between the quotation marks and the word(s) quoted, the French usage does insert them, even if they are narrow spaces. The curved quotation marks ("66–99") usage, “...”, was exported to some non-Latin scripts, notably where there was some <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> influence, for instance in <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American</a> scripts and <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic scripts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Deccan-Kelkar-11">[10]</a> On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Greek_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek script">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopic script">Ethiopic</a> adopted the French "angular" quotation marks, «...». The <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> angle bracket quotation marks, 《...》, are also a development of the in-line angular quotation marks.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, the practice was to use the quotation mark pairs with the convexity aimed inward. The <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> tradition preferred the curved quotation marks, the first one at the level of the commas, the second one at the level of the apostrophes: „...“. Alternatively, these marks could be angular and in-line with lower case letters, but still pointing inward: »...«. Some neighboring regions adopted the German curved marks tradition with lower–upper alignment, while some, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, adopted a variant with the convexity of the closing mark aimed rightward like the opening one, „...”.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>) choose a convention where the convexity of both marks was aimed to the right but lined up both at the top level: ”...”.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] there was hesitation between the French tradition «...» and the German tradition „...“.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The French tradition prevailed in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> (Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus), whereas the German tradition, or its modified version with the convexity of the closing mark aimed rightward, has become dominant in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">Southeastern Europe</a>, e.g. in the Balkan countries.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> the: „...” version is officially recognized by the Romanian Academy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The reemergence of single quotation marks, ‘...’, around 1800 came about as a means of indicating a secondary level of quotation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In some languages using the angular quotation marks, the usage of the single guillemet, ‹...›, became obsolete, being replaced by double curved ones: “...”, though the single ones still survive, for instance, in Switzerland. In Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, the curved quotation marks, „...“, are used as a secondary level or in handwriting, while the angular marks, «...», are used as the primary level on printed text.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_English">In English</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In English">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Quotation_marks_in_English" title="Quotation marks in English">Quotation marks in English</a></div> In English writing, quotation marks are placed in pairs around a word or phrase to indicate: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quotation" title="Quotation">Quotation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Direct_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct speech">direct speech</a>: Carol said "Go ahead" when I asked her if the launcher was ready.</li> <li>Mention in another work of the <a href="/wiki/Title_(publishing)" title="Title (publishing)">title</a> of a short or subsidiary work, such as a chapter or an episode: "Encounter at Farpoint" was the pilot episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scare_quotes" title="Scare quotes">Scare quotes</a>, used to mean "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/so-called" class="extiw" title="wikt:so-called">so-called</a>" or to express <a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">sarcasm</a>: The "fresh" bread was all dried up.</li></ul> In American writing, quotation marks are normally the double kind (the primary style). If quotation marks are used inside another pair of quotation marks, then single quotation marks are used. For example: "Didn't she say 'I like red best' when I asked her wine preferences?" he asked his guests. If another set of quotation marks is nested inside single quotation marks, double quotation marks are used again, and they continue to alternate as necessary (though this is rarely done). British publishing is regarded as more flexible about whether double or single quotation marks should be used.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-12">[11]</a> A tendency to use single quotation marks in British writing is thought to have arisen after the mid-19th century invention of steam-powered presses and the consequent rise of London and New York as distinct, industrialized publishing centers whose publishing houses adhered to separate norms.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_English" title="The King's English">The King's English</a> in 1908 noted that the prevailing British practice was to use double marks for most purposes, and single ones for quotations within quotations.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Different media now follow different conventions in the United Kingdom. Different varieties and styles of English have different conventions regarding whether terminal punctuation should be written <a href="/wiki/Logical_quotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical quotation">inside or outside</a> the quotation marks. North American printing usually puts full stops and commas (but not colons, semicolons, exclamation or question marks) inside the closing quotation mark, whether it is part of the original quoted material or not.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Styles elsewhere vary widely and have different rationales for placing it inside or outside, often a matter of <a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">house style</a>. Regarding their appearance, there are two types of quotation marks: <ul><li>'...' and "..." are known as neutral, vertical, straight, typewriter, <a href="/wiki/Typographic_approximation" title="Typographic approximation">dumb</a>, or <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> quotation marks. The left and right marks are identical. These are found on typical English <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboards</a>, although they are sometimes <a href="/wiki/Autocorrection" title="Autocorrection">automatically converted</a> to the other type by software.</li> <li>‘...’ and “...” are known as typographic, curly, curved, book, or smart quotation marks. (The doubled ones are more informally known as "66 and 99".<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a>) The beginning marks are commas raised to the top of the line and rotated 180 degrees. The ending marks are commas raised to the top of the line. Curved quotation marks are used mainly in <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a>, printing, and <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a>. <a href="/wiki/Type_case" title="Type case">Type cases</a> (of any language) generally have the curved quotation mark metal types for the respective language, and may lack the vertical quotation mark metal types. Because most computer keyboards lack keys to enter typographic quotation marks directly, much that is written using <a href="/wiki/Word_processor_program" title="Word processor program">word-processing programs</a> has vertical quotation marks. The "<a href="/wiki/Smart_quotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart quotes">smart quotes</a>" feature in some computer software can convert vertical quotation marks to curly ones, although sometimes imperfectly.</li></ul> The closing single quotation mark is identical in form to the <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> and similar to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a> symbol. The double quotation mark is identical to the <a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a> in English-language usage. It is also similar to—and often used to represent—the <a href="/wiki/Double_prime" class="mw-redirect" title="Double prime">double prime</a> symbol. These all serve different purposes. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Underwoodfive.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A typewriter"><img alt="A typewriter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Underwoodfive.jpg/200px-Underwoodfive.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Underwoodfive.jpg/300px-Underwoodfive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Underwoodfive.jpg/400px-Underwoodfive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A typewriter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_case_and_lower_case_types.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A type case"><img alt="A type case" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Upper_case_and_lower_case_types.jpg/200px-Upper_case_and_lower_case_types.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Upper_case_and_lower_case_types.jpg/300px-Upper_case_and_lower_case_types.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Upper_case_and_lower_case_types.jpg/400px-Upper_case_and_lower_case_types.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A type case</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_table">Summary table</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Summary table">edit</a>]</div> Other languages have similar conventions to English, but use different symbols or different placement. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="clear: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Language </th> <th colspan="3">Standard </th> <th colspan="3">Alternative </th> <th rowspan="2">Spacing </th> <th rowspan="2">Names </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes & references </th></tr> <tr> <th>Primary</th> <th>Secondary</th> <th> </th> <th>Primary</th> <th>Secondary</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </th> <td>“<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-traditional-19">[i]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aanhalingstekens#Afrikaans" class="extiw" title="wikt:aanhalingstekens">aanhalingstekens</a> (quotation) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thonj%C3%ABza#Albanian" class="extiw" title="wikt:thonjëza">thonjëza</a> (quotes) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-ethiopic-21">[19]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ethiopic-21">[19]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%89%B5%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B0_%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%85%E1%88%B5#Amharic" class="extiw" title="wikt:ትምህርተ ጥቅስ">ትምህርተ ጥቅስ</a> (timihirite t’ik’isi, quote) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>optional </td> <td>‏<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B5#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:علامات تنصيص">علامات تنصيص</a>‎ (ʻalāmāt tanṣīṣ, quotation marks) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dir-rtl-22">[ii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80#Armenian" class="extiw" title="wikt:չակերտներ">չակերտներ</a> (chakertner, quotation marks) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>"<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">..." </td> <td> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0–1 pt </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C4%B1rnaq_i%C5%9Far%C9%99si#Azerbaijani" class="extiw" title="wikt:dırnaq işarəsi">dırnaq işarəsi</a> (fingernail mark) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/komatxkak#Basque" class="extiw" title="wikt:komatxkak">komatxkak</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-be-1-24">[21]</a> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5#Belarusian" class="extiw" title="wikt:двукоссе">двукоссе</a> (dvukossie, double commas)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%96#Belarusian" class="extiw" title="wikt:лапкі">лапкі</a> (lapki, little paws)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li> <li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/navodnici#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:navodnici">navodnici</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:наводници">наводници</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/znaci_navoda#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:znaci navoda">znaci navoda</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:знаци навода">знаци навода</a> (quotation marks)</li> <li>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polunavodnici#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:polunavodnici">polunavodnici</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:полунаводници">полунаводници</a> (half-quotation marks)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« is used only in printed media. </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’<a href="#cite_note-rare-25">[iii]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-bg-1-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...»<a href="#cite_note-rare-25">[iii]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’<a href="#cite_note-rare-25">[iii]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-bg-1-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8#Bulgarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:кавички">кавички</a> (kavichki) (or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8#Bulgarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:стандартни кавички">стандартни кавички</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8#Bulgarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:двойни кавички">двойни кавички</a> (standartni/dvoyni kavichki) for the main types of quotation marks (also called double quotation mark(s)), and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8#Bulgarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:единични кавички">единични кавички</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8#Bulgarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:вторични кавички">вторични кавички</a> (edinichni/vtorichni kavichki) for the secondary quotation marks (also called single quotation mark(s)). </td> <td> <ul><li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ is sometimes replaced by "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">..." or very rarely by “<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li> <li>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ and ‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ are sometimes written as '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...', ‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ or ‛<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’</li> <li>There is some limited use of alternative secondary quotation marks: ’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘; ,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘; ’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’; ,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’; ‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...›.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a><a href="#cite_note-closing-28">[v]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>none </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cometes_franceses#Catalan" class="extiw" title="wikt:cometes franceses">cometes franceses</a> (French quotation marks)</li> <li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cometes_angleses#Catalan" class="extiw" title="wikt:cometes angleses">cometes angleses</a> (English quotation marks)</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cometes_simples#Catalan" class="extiw" title="wikt:cometes simples">cometes simples</a> (Simple quotation marks)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese, simplified</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯”</li> <li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯』<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯’</li> <li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯」<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-zh-simple-1-30">[23]</a> </td> <td>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯」 </td> <td>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯』 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fullwidth_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Fullwidth form">Fullwidth form</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%B7#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:双引号">双引号</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: shuāng yǐn hào, double quotation mark)</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%B7#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:单引号">单引号</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: dān yǐn hào, single quotation mark)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <ul><li>Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese agree on the names of the vertical rectangle quotation marks (「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯」and 『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯』) but disagree on which pair being the primary one.</li> <li>In Simplified Chinese, rectangle quotation marks are only used in vertical texts. The horizontal rectangle quotation marks are not commonly used in Simplified Chinese, and in the rare cases where they are used, often the convention of Traditional Chinese is followed.</li> <li>In Traditional Chinese, curly quotation marks are not commonly used, and in the rare cases where they are used, often the convention of Simplified Chinese is followed.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese, traditional</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯」<a href="#cite_note-rotated-31">[vii]</a></li> <li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯」<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯』<a href="#cite_note-rotated-31">[vii]</a></li> <li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯』<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-zh-trad-32">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[25]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯’ </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fullwidth_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Fullwidth form">Fullwidth form</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯」<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E5%BC%95%E8%99%9F#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:單引號">單引號</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: dān yǐn hào; <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>: daan1 jan5 hou6, single quotation mark)</li> <li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋯』<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%BC%95%E8%99%9F#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:雙引號">雙引號</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: shuāng yǐn hào; <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>: soeng1 jan5 hou6, double quotation mark)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pravopis-34">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[27]</a> </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pravopis-34">[26]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” and »<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/navodnici#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:navodnici">navodnici</a> (quotation marks)</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polunavodnici#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:polunavodnici">polunavodnici</a> (single quotes)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>Guillemets are preferred in typography and printing.<a href="#cite_note-36">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td>›<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‹ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uvozovky#Czech" class="extiw" title="wikt:uvozovky">uvozovky</a> (introduce) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...«</li> <li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>›<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‹</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dk-1-37">[29]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li> <li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dk-2-38">[30]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/citationstegn#Danish" class="extiw" title="wikt:citationstegn">citationstegn</a> (citation marks)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anf%C3%B8rselstegn#Danish" class="extiw" title="wikt:anførselstegn">anførselstegn</a> (quotes)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/g%C3%A5se%C3%B8jne#Danish" class="extiw" title="wikt:gåseøjne">gåseøjne</a> (goose eyes)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-nl-1-39">[31]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enkele_aanhalingstekens#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:enkele aanhalingstekens">enkele aanhalingstekens</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dubbele_aanhalingstekens#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:dubbele aanhalingstekens">dubbele aanhalingstekens</a> (single/double citation marks)</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zogenaamdfunctie#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:zogenaamdfunctie">zogenaamdfunctie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scare_quotes" title="Scare quotes">scare quotes</a>)<a href="#cite_note-nl-1-39">[31]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> <ul><li>Double citation marks are only used in literal citations</li> <li>The sequence when using primary and secondary level is a recommendation, not a rule.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">English, UK</a> </th> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-40">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-opening-41">[viii]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2">1–2 pt </td> <td rowspan="2">Quotation marks, double quotes, quotes, inverted commas, speech marks </td> <td rowspan="2">Usage of single or double as primary varies across English varieties. </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English, US</a>; <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English, Canada</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-opening-41">[viii]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-native-42">[ix]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...»</li> <li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...›</li> <li>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/citiloj#Esperanto" class="extiw" title="wikt:citiloj">citiloj</a> (<a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> quoting tools) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jutum%C3%A4rgid#Estonian" class="extiw" title="wikt:jutumärgid">jutumärgid</a> (speech marks)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hanejalad#Estonian" class="extiw" title="wikt:hanejalad">hanejalad</a> (goose feet)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fil-43">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-opening-41">[viii]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fil-43">[33]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panipi#Tagalog" class="extiw" title="wikt:panipi">panipi</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </th> <td>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fi-44">[34]</a> </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fi-44">[34]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lainausmerkit#Finnish" class="extiw" title="wikt:lainausmerkit">lainausmerkit</a> (citation marks) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </th> <td>« <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">... » </td> <td>« <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">... »<a href="#cite_note-fr-imprimerie_nationale-45">[a]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>‹ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">... › </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space#Width_variation" title="Non-breaking space">NNBSP</a><a href="#cite_note-fr-nnbsp-46">[b]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">NBSP</a><a href="#cite_note-fr-nbsp-47">[c]</a></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guillemets#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:guillemets">guillemets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guillemet#Terminology" title="Guillemet">William</a>) </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”<a href="#cite_note-fr-usage-48">[d]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French, Switzerland</a><a href="#cite_note-ch-49">[e]</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-gl-1-50">[35]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-gl-1-50">[35]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comi%C3%B1as#Galician" class="extiw" title="wikt:comiñas">comiñas</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas#Galician" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas">aspas</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[37]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>none </td> <td> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nplg.gov.ge/civil/statiebi/wignebi/qartul_enis_marTlwera/qartul_enis_marTlwera_tavi-13.htm">[1]</a> </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98#Georgian" class="extiw" title="wikt:ბრჭყალები">ბრჭყალები</a> (brč’q’alebi, claws) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td>›<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‹ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Anf%C3%BChrungszeichen#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Anführungszeichen">Anführungszeichen</a> (quotation marks)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/G%C3%A4nsef%C3%BC%C3%9Fchen#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Gänsefüßchen">Gänsefüßchen</a> (little goose feet)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hochkommas#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Hochkommas">Hochkommas</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hochkommata#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Hochkommata">Hochkommata</a> (high commas)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German, Switzerland</a>; <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a><a href="#cite_note-ch-49">[e]</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-el-1-53">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-el-2-54">[39]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC#Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:εισαγωγικά">εισαγωγικά</a> (eisagogiká, introductory marks) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> </th> <td>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...„ </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‚ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-he-1-55">[40]</a> </td> <td>"<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">..." </td> <td>'<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...' </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D6%B5%D7%99%D7%A8%D6%B0%D7%9B%D6%B8%D7%90%D7%95%D6%B9%D7%AA#Hebrew" class="extiw" title="wikt:מֵירְכָאוֹת">מֵירְכָאוֹת</a> (merkha'ot) </td> <td>Not to be confused with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%92%D6%B5%D6%BC%D7%A8%D6%B0%D7%A9%D6%B7%D7%81%D7%99%D6%B4%D7%9D#Hebrew" class="extiw" title="wikt:גֵּרְשַׁיִם">גֵּרְשַׁיִם</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gershayim" title="Gershayim">gershayim</a>, double geresh typographical mark).<a href="#cite_note-dir-rtl-22">[ii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-56">[41]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8#Hindi" class="extiw" title="wikt:उद्धरण चिह्न">उद्धरण चिह्न</a> (uddharan chihn) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/id%C3%A9z%C5%91jel#Hungarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:idézőjel">idézőjel</a> (quotation mark)</li> <li>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bels%C5%91_id%C3%A9z%C5%91jel,_l%C3%BAdl%C3%A1b#Hungarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:belső idézőjel, lúdláb">belső idézőjel, lúdláb</a> (inner quotation mark, goose feet)</li> <li>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/f%C3%A9lid%C3%A9z%C5%91jel#Hungarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:félidézőjel">félidézőjel</a> (half quotation mark, tertiary quotation mark)</li> <li>"<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">..." <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macskak%C3%B6r%C3%B6m#Hungarian" class="extiw" title="wikt:macskaköröm">macskaköröm</a> (cat claws)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>The three levels of Hungarian quotation: „<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”<a href="#cite_note-57">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ or ‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-58">[43]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tilvitnunarmerki#Icelandic" class="extiw" title="wikt:tilvitnunarmerki">tilvitnunarmerki</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/g%C3%A6salappir#Icelandic" class="extiw" title="wikt:gæsalappir">gæsalappir</a> (‘goose feet’) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ido_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ido language">Ido</a> </th> <td>« <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">... » </td> <td>‘ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">... ’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cito-hoketi#Ido" class="extiw" title="wikt:cito-hoketi">cito-hoketi</a> (quotation hooks) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-59">[44]</a> </td> <td>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tanda_kutip#Indonesian" class="extiw" title="wikt:tanda kutip">tanda kutip</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tanda_petik#Indonesian" class="extiw" title="wikt:tanda petik">tanda petik</a> (quote mark) </td> <td>Usage of alternative marks seen among the literature by Jehovah’s Witnesses in Indonesian. </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-native-42">[ix]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virgulettas#Interlingua" class="extiw" title="wikt:virgulettas">virgulettas</a> (small <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">commas</a>) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1–2 pt </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liam%C3%B3g#Irish" class="extiw" title="wikt:liamóg">liamóg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guillemet#Terminology" title="Guillemet">William</a>) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-it-60">[45]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-it-60">[45]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virgolette#Italian" class="extiw" title="wikt:virgolette">virgolette</a> (small <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">commas</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian, Switzerland</a><a href="#cite_note-ch-49">[e]</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...」<a href="#cite_note-rotated-31">[vii]</a></li> <li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...」<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...』<a href="#cite_note-rotated-31">[vii]</a></li> <li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...』<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fullwidth_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Fullwidth form">Fullwidth form</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...」 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%89%A4%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:鉤括弧">鉤括弧</a> (kagi kakko, hook bracket)</li> <li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...』 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8D%E9%89%A4%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:二重鉤括弧">二重鉤括弧</a> (nijū kagi kakko, double hook bracket)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>Occasionally, other symbols, such as “<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”, are used stylistically. Quotes are almost always proceeded by particle <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A8#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:と">と</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0#Kazakh" class="extiw" title="wikt:тырнақша">тырнақша</a> (tırnaqşa) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Decree569-61">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">tırnaqsha</a> (tırnaqsha) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-km-62">[f]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B#Khmer" class="extiw" title="wikt:សញ្ញាសម្រង់">សញ្ញាសម្រង់</a> (saññā samráng, quotation mark) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean, North Korea</a> </th> <td>《<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...》 </td> <td>〈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...〉 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>〈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...〉 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%ED%99%91%ED%99%94%EC%82%B4%EA%B4%84%ED%98%B8#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:홑화살괄호">홑화살괄호</a> (hot'hwasalgwalho, arrow bracket)</li> <li>《<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...》 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B9%ED%99%94%EC%82%B4%EA%B4%84%ED%98%B8#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:겹화살괄호">겹화살괄호</a> (gyeop'hwasalgwalho, double arrow bracket)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean, South Korea</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”<a href="#cite_note-www.korean.go.kr-63">[47]</a> </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’<a href="#cite_note-www.korean.go.kr-63">[47]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...』<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a> </td> <td>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...」<a href="#cite_note-vertical-29">[vi]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EB%94%B0%EC%98%B4%ED%91%9C#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:쌍따옴표">쌍따옴표</a> (ssang-ttaompyo, double quotation mark)</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%94%B0%EC%98%B4%ED%91%9C#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:따옴표">따옴표</a> (ttaompyo, quotation mark)</li> <li>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...」 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%82%AB%ED%91%9C#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:낫표">낫표</a> (natpyo, scythe symbol)</li> <li>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...』 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B9%EB%82%AB%ED%91%9C#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:겹낫표">겹낫표</a> (gyeomnatpyo, double scythe symbol)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%A1#Lao" class="extiw" title="wikt:ວົງຢືມ">ວົງຢືມ</a> (vong yum) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li> <li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” / „<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/p%C4%93di%C5%86as#Latvian" class="extiw" title="wikt:pēdiņas">pēdiņas</a></li> <li>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/st%C5%ABrain%C4%81s_p%C4%93di%C5%86as#Latvian" class="extiw" title="wikt:stūrainās pēdiņas">stūrainās pēdiņas</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>There is no standardized way on how quotation marks used in Latvian, depending on several usages: <ul><li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” is preferred as widespread use in Latvian, which is same as English.</li> <li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” is preferred for use in traditional handwriting and used in the Latvian Language Agency's (LVA) website.</li> <li>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» is rarely seen in Latvian but can be found in several textbooks. It was also used in widespread usage during the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.</li></ul> Historically, „<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ (German-stlye quotes) was used in Latvian in the first half of 20th century. </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘<a href="#cite_note-64">[48]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kabut%C4%97s#Lithuanian" class="extiw" title="wikt:kabutės">kabutės</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a> </th> <td>lu <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">... li’u </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>lu “<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” li’u </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Double quotes are not officially named in Lojban, but sometimes called <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Lojban/lubu#Lojban" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Lojban/lubu">lubu</a>, following the same pattern as vowel letters, e.g. ⟨a⟩ = <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Lojban/abu#Lojban" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Lojban/abu">abu</a> </td> <td>Lojban uses the words <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Lojban/lu#Lojban" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Lojban/lu">lu</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Lojban/li%E2%80%99u#Lojban" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Lojban/li’u">li’u</a>, rather than punctuation, to surround quotes of grammatically correct Lojban.<a href="#cite_note-65">[49]</a> Double quotes can also be used for aesthetic purposes. Non-Lojban text may be quoted using <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Lojban/zoi#Lojban" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Lojban/zoi">zoi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-mk-67">[51]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-mk-67">[51]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8#Macedonian" class="extiw" title="wikt:наводници">наводници</a> (navodnitsi, double quote)</li> <li>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8#Macedonian" class="extiw" title="wikt:полунаводници">полунаводници</a> (polunavodnitsi, single quote)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Virgoletti </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a> </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">⟪<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...⟫ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...⟩ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dir-v-68">[x]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[52]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tai_L%C3%BC_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Lü language">New Tai Lue</a> </th> <td>《<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...》 </td> <td>〈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...〉 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-70">[53]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-71">[54]</a> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anf%C3%B8rselstegn#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:anførselstegn">anførselstegn</a> (quotation marks)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/g%C3%A5seauge#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:gåseauge">gåseauge</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/g%C3%A5se%C3%B8yne#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:gåseøyne">gåseøyne</a> (goose eyes)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hermeteikn#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:hermeteikn">hermeteikn</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hermetegn#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:hermetegn">hermetegn</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitatteikn#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:sitatteikn">sitatteikn</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitattegn#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:sitattegn">sitattegn</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dobbeltfnutt#Norwegian" class="extiw" title="wikt:dobbeltfnutt">dobbeltfnutt</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guilheumets#Occitan" class="extiw" title="wikt:guilheumets">guilheumets</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verguetas#Occitan" class="extiw" title="wikt:verguetas">verguetas</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-72">[55]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dir-rtl-22">[ii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87#Persian" class="extiw" title="wikt:گیومه">گیومه</a> (giyume, guillaume) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dir-rtl-22">[ii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...»<a href="#cite_note-73">[xi]</a> </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’<a href="#cite_note-74">[xii]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cudzys%C5%82%C3%B3w#Polish" class="extiw" title="wikt:cudzysłów">cudzysłów</a> (someone else's word) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Portuguese, Brazil</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas">aspas</a><a href="#cite_note-pt-aspas-75">[56]</a> (quotation marks)</li></ul> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_duplas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas duplas">aspas duplas</a> (double quotation marks)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_simples#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas simples">aspas simples</a> (single quotation marks)</li> <li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_curvas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas curvas">aspas curvas</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_inglesas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas inglesas">aspas inglesas</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_altas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas altas">aspas altas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pt-DT-76">[57]</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_levantadas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas levantadas">aspas levantadas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt-77">[58]</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_elevadas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas elevadas">aspas elevadas</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[59]</a> (curved quotation marks)</li> <li>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_angulares#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas angulares">aspas angulares</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt-77">[58]</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_latinas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas latinas">aspas latinas</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%ADrgulas_dobradas#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:vírgulas dobradas">vírgulas dobradas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-infopedia-79">[60]</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspas_em_linha#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:aspas em linha">aspas em linha</a><a href="#cite_note-ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt-77">[58]</a> (angular quotation marks)</li></ul></div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese, Portugal</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pt-Prontuário_Ortográfico-80">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pt-Prontuário_Ortográfico-80">[61]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ioop-81">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ghilimele#Romanian" class="extiw" title="wikt:ghilimele">ghilimele</a> (quotes) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a><a href="#cite_note-ch-49">[e]</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td>none </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8#Russian" class="extiw" title="wikt:кавычки">кавычки</a> (kavychki)</li> <li>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8#Russian" class="extiw" title="wikt:ёлочки">ёлочки</a> (yolochki, little <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruces</a>)</li> <li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8#Russian" class="extiw" title="wikt:лапки">лапки</a> (lapki, little paws)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-sr-pravopis-82">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-sr-pravopis-82">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:наводници">наводници</a> (navodnici), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:знаци навода">знаци навода</a> (znaci navoda)</li> <li>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8#Serbo-Croatian" class="extiw" title="wikt:полунаводници">полунаводници</a> (polunavodnici)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> </th> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cromagan_turrach#Scottish_Gaelic" class="extiw" title="wikt:cromagan turrach">cromagan turrach</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td>›<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‹ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%BAvodzovky#Slovak" class="extiw" title="wikt:úvodzovky">úvodzovky</a> (introduce) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...« </td> <td>›<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‹ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/navednice#Slovene" class="extiw" title="wikt:navednice">navednice</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbian language">Sorbian</a> </th> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Language">Spanish</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-83">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dash-27">[iv]</a><a href="#cite_note-closing-28">[v]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comillas#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:comillas">comillas</a></li> <li>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comillas_latinas#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:comillas latinas">comillas latinas</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comillas_angulares#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:comillas angulares">comillas angulares</a></li> <li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comillas_inglesas_dobles#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:comillas inglesas dobles">comillas inglesas dobles</a></li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comillas_inglesas_simples#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:comillas inglesas simples">comillas inglesas simples</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </th> <td>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-sv-84">[65]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...»</li> <li>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...«</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-sv-84">[65]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/citationstecken#Swedish" class="extiw" title="wikt:citationstecken">citationstecken</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anf%C3%B6ringstecken#Swedish" class="extiw" title="wikt:anföringstecken">anföringstecken</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/citattecken#Swedish" class="extiw" title="wikt:citattecken">citattecken</a> (modern term)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dubbelfnutt#Swedish" class="extiw" title="wikt:dubbelfnutt">dubbelfnutt</a> (ASCII double quote)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kanin%C3%B6ron#Swedish" class="extiw" title="wikt:kaninöron">kaninöron</a> (bunny ears)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Le language">Tai Le</a> </th> <td>《<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...》 </td> <td>〈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...〉 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-85">[66]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF#Tamil" class="extiw" title="wikt:மேற்கோட்குறி">மேற்கோட்குறி</a>(mErkoL kuri) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a> </th> <td>《<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...》 </td> <td>〈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...〉 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-86">[67]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ethiopic-21">[19]</a> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ethiopic-21">[19]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8#Thai" class="extiw" title="wikt:อัญประกาศ">อัญประกาศ</a> (anyaprakat, differentiating mark), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9#Thai" class="extiw" title="wikt:ฟันหนู">ฟันหนู</a> (fạnh̄nū, mouse teeth) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-tr-87">[68]</a> </td> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td> </td> <td>0–1 pt </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%C4%B1rnak_i%C5%9Fareti#Turkish" class="extiw" title="wikt:tırnak işareti">tırnak işareti</a> (fingernail mark) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”</li> <li>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-uk-1-88">[69]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“<a href="#cite_note-traditional-19">[i]</a></li> <li>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...”<a href="#cite_note-rare-25">[iii]</a><a href="#cite_note-handwriting-89">[xiii]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8#Ukrainian" class="extiw" title="wikt:лапки">лапки</a> (lapky, little paws) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ur-90">[70]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86#Urdu" class="extiw" title="wikt:واوین">واوین</a> (wāwain) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dir-rtl-22">[ii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...› </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-91">[71]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>none </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82#Uyghur" class="extiw" title="wikt:قوش تىرناق">قوش تىرناق</a> (qosh tirnaq)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%AD_%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82#Uyghur" class="extiw" title="wikt:يالاڭ تىرناق">يالاڭ تىرناق</a> (yalang tirnaq)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dir-rtl-22">[ii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> </th> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...» </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-92">[72]</a> </td> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...“ </td> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...‘ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/qo%CA%BBshtirnoq#Uzbek" class="extiw" title="wikt:qoʻshtirnoq">qoʻshtirnoq</a> (nails) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </th> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Vietnamese-93">[73]</a> </td> <td>« <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">... » </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">NBSP</a> (optional) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BA%A5u_ngo%E1%BA%B7c_k%C3%A9p#Vietnamese" class="extiw" title="wikt:dấu ngoặc kép">dấu ngoặc kép</a> (paired parentheses)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BA%A5u_nh%C3%A1y_k%C3%A9p#Vietnamese" class="extiw" title="wikt:dấu nháy kép">dấu nháy kép</a> (paired blinking marks)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </th> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td> </td> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...” </td> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">...’ </td> <td> </td> <td>1–2 pt </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dyfynodau#Welsh" class="extiw" title="wikt:dyfynodau">dyfynodau</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-traditional-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-traditional_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-traditional_19-1">b</a> Traditional. </li> <li id="cite_note-dir-rtl-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dir-rtl_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dir-rtl_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dir-rtl_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dir-rtl_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dir-rtl_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dir-rtl_22-5">f</a> Direction of text is right-to-left. </li> <li id="cite_note-rare-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rare_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rare_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rare_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rare_25-3">d</a> Rarely used. </li> <li id="cite_note-dash-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dash_27-16">q</a> A <a href="/wiki/Quotation_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Quotation dash">quotation dash</a> is preferred for dialogue. </li> <li id="cite_note-closing-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-closing_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-closing_28-1">b</a> A closing quotation mark is added to the beginning of each new paragraph. </li> <li id="cite_note-vertical-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vertical_29-7">h</a> Only used when text is written vertically (up-to-down and right-to-left). </li> <li id="cite_note-rotated-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rotated_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rotated_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rotated_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rotated_31-3">d</a> Rotated for use in horizontal text; originally written ﹁<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋮﹂ and ﹃<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">⋮﹄ in vertical text </li> <li id="cite_note-opening-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opening_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-opening_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-opening_41-2">c</a> Within a quotation, the opening quotation mark is repeated at the beginning of each new paragraph. </li> <li id="cite_note-native-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-native_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-native_42-1">b</a> Usage may vary, depending on the native language of the author and publisher. </li> <li id="cite_note-dir-v-68"><a href="#cite_ref-dir-v_68-0">^</a> Direction of text is vertical. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> In the scientific works as definitions and in literature </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Tertiary quotation mark (very rare) and in the scientific works as definitions </li> <li id="cite_note-handwriting-89"><a href="#cite_ref-handwriting_89-0">^</a> Handwriting. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fr-imprimerie_nationale-45"><a href="#cite_ref-fr-imprimerie_nationale_45-0">^</a> According to the French <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie nationale">Imprimerie nationale</a>. English quotes are more common on the second level. </li> <li id="cite_note-fr-nnbsp-46"><a href="#cite_ref-fr-nnbsp_46-0">^</a> According to French usage in print and the practice of the French <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie nationale">Imprimerie nationale</a>. A rule in the house style guide recommends NBSP, though. </li> <li id="cite_note-fr-nbsp-47"><a href="#cite_ref-fr-nbsp_47-0">^</a> According to a rule in the house style guide of the French <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie nationale">Imprimerie nationale</a>. Practice in the style guide and elsewhere shows use of NNBSP, though. Also used in word processing, where NBSP is not justifying, though (except in Word 2013, according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/msoffice/forum/msoffice_word-mso_windows8-mso_2016/nonbreakable-space-justification-in-word-2016/4fa1ad30-004c-454f-9775-a3beaa91c88b">this forum thread</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-fr-usage-48"><a href="#cite_ref-fr-usage_48-0">^</a> According to French usage. The French <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie nationale">Imprimerie nationale</a> recommends double angle quotes even on the second level. </li> <li id="cite_note-ch-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch_49-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch_49-3">d</a> In <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> the same style is used for all four national languages. </li> <li id="cite_note-km-62"><a href="#cite_ref-km_62-0">^</a> Inferred from <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Khmer" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.selapa.net/khmerfonts/">fonts</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_language_features">Specific language features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specific language features">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgarian">Bulgarian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bulgarian">edit</a>]</div> Contemporary Bulgarian employs the <a href="/wiki/Em_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em dash">em dash</a> or the quotation dash (the <a href="#Quotation_dash">horizontal bar</a>) followed by a space character at the beginning of each direct-speech segment by a different character in order to mark <a href="/wiki/Direct_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct speech">direct speech</a> in prose and in most journalistic question and answer <a href="/wiki/Interview" title="Interview">interviews</a>; in such cases, the use of standard quotation marks is left for in-text citations or to mark the names of institutions, companies, and sometimes also brand or model names.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Air_quotes" title="Air quotes">Air quotes</a> are also widely used in face-to-face communication in contemporary Bulgarian but usually resemble <code>" ... "</code> (secondary: <code>' ... '</code>) unlike written Bulgarian quotation marks. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch">Dutch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dutch">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help expand this section with text translated from <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aanhalingsteken" class="extiw" title="nl:Aanhalingsteken">the corresponding article</a> in Dutch. (September 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions.</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAanhalingsteken&sl=nl&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Dutch article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_Dutch#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand Dutch">adding a topic</a> to this template: there are already 229 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Dutch_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Dutch Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You must provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Dutch Wikipedia article at [[:nl:Aanhalingsteken]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|nl|Aanhalingsteken}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Quotation_mark" title="Talk:Quotation mark">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The standard form in the preceding table is taught in schools and used in handwriting. Most large newspapers have kept these low-high quotation marks, „ and ”; otherwise, the alternative form with single or double English-style quotes is now often the only form seen in printed matter. Neutral (straight) quotation marks, " and ', are used widely, especially in texts typed on computers and on websites.<a href="#cite_note-94">[74]</a> Although not generally common in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> any more, double angle (guillemet) quotation marks are still sometimes used in Belgium. Examples include the Flemish <a href="/wiki/HUMO" class="mw-redirect" title="HUMO">HUMO</a> magazine and the Metro newspaper in Brussels.<a href="#cite_note-95">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: German">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quotation_marks_and_similar_signs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Quotation_marks_and_similar_signs.svg/500px-Quotation_marks_and_similar_signs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Quotation_marks_and_similar_signs.svg/750px-Quotation_marks_and_similar_signs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Quotation_marks_and_similar_signs.svg/1000px-Quotation_marks_and_similar_signs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3284" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Different forms of German and English quotation marks and similar looking signs</figcaption></figure> The symbol used as the left (typographical) quote in English is used as the right quote in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and a "low double comma" „ (not used in English) is used for the left quote. Its single quote form ‚ looks like a comma. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>Description </th> <th>Wrong Symbols </th></tr> <tr> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A‘ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>U+201A (8218)</li><li>U+2018 (8216)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>&sbquo;</li><li>&lsquo;</li></ul></div> </td> <td>German single quotes (left and right) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>, – comma (U + 002C) left</li><li>' – apostrophe (U+0027) right</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A“ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>U+201E (8222)</li><li>U+201C (8220)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>&bdquo;</li><li>&ldquo;</li></ul></div> </td> <td>German double quotes (left and right) </td> <td>" – neutral (vertical) double quotes (U+0022) </td></tr></tbody></table> Some fonts, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>, were not designed with the flexibility to use an English left quote as a German right quote. Such fonts are therefore typographically incompatible with this German usage. Double quotes are standard for denoting speech in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent">Andreas fragte mich: „Hast du den Artikel ‚EU-Erweiterung‘ gelesen?“ (Andreas asked me: "Have you read the 'EU Expansion' article?")</div> This style of quoting is also used in <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>. In Bulgarian, Icelandic, Estonian, Lithuanian, and Russian, single quotation marks are not used.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Sometimes, especially in novels, guillemets (angled quotation marks) are used in Germany and Austria (but pointing in the opposite direction compared to <a href="/wiki/French_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="French (language)">French</a>): »A ›B‹?« <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">Andreas fragte mich: »Hast du den Artikel ›EU-Erweiterung‹ gelesen?« Andreas asked me: "Have you read the 'EU Expansion' article?"</div> In <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, the <a href="#French">French-style angle quotation mark sets</a> are also used for <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> printed text: «A ‹B›?» <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">Andreas fragte mich: «Hast du den Artikel ‹EU-Erweiterung› gelesen?» Andreas asked me: 'Have you read the "EU Expansion" article?'</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finnish_and_Swedish">Finnish and Swedish</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Finnish and Swedish">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, right quotes, called citation marks, ”...”, are used to mark both the beginning and the end of a quote. Double right-pointing angular quotes, »...», can also be used. Alternatively, an <a href="/wiki/En-dash" class="mw-redirect" title="En-dash">en-dash</a> followed by a (<a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking</a>) space can be used to denote the beginning of quoted speech, in which case the end of the quotation is not specifically denoted (see section <a href="#Quotation_dash">Quotation dash</a> below). A line-break should not be allowed between the en-dash and the first word of the quotation. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A’ </td> <td>U+2019 (8217) </td> <td>&rsquo; </td> <td>Secondary level quotation </td></tr> <tr> <td>”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A” </td> <td>U+201D (8221) </td> <td>&rdquo; </td> <td>Primary level quotation </td></tr> <tr> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A» </td> <td>U+00BB (187) </td> <td>&raquo; </td> <td>Alternative primary level quotation </td></tr> <tr> <td>– <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A </td> <td>U+2013 (8211) </td> <td>&ndash; </td> <td>Alternative denotation at the beginning of quoted speech </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: French">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> uses angle quotation marks (<a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemets</a>, or duck-foot quotes), adding a 'quarter-em space'<a href="#cite_note-96">[a]</a> within the quotes. With proper localization, computers automatically add the proper spacing. When localization is not available, many people use a <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking space</a> between the quotation mark and the nearest word inside it[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] because the difference between a non-breaking space and a <a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character#Unicode" title="Whitespace character">four-per-em space</a> is virtually imperceptible, many <a href="/wiki/Computer_fonts" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer fonts">computer fonts</a> do not include a quarter-em space, and the Unicode quarter-em space is <a href="/wiki/Line_wrap_and_word_wrap" title="Line wrap and word wrap">breakable</a>. Even more commonly, many people put a normal (breaking) space inside the quotation marks[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] because the non-breaking space cannot be accessed easily from the keyboard, or because they are not aware of this typographical refinement. Using a breakable space of any kind often results in a quotation mark appearing alone at the beginning of a line, since the quotation mark is erroneously treated as an independent word. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« Voulez-vous un sandwich, Henri ? » “Would you like a sandwich, Henri?”</div> French news sites such as <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Échos (France)">Les Échos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> do not add manual spacing, leaving it up to localization and the browser to space the guillemets properly. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Sample </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal) HTML </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Description </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Quote </th> <th scope="col">Space </th></tr> <tr> <td>« <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A » </td> <td rowspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>U+00AB (171) &laquo;</li><li>U+00BB (187) &raquo;</li></ul></div> </td> <td>U+00A0 (160) &nbsp; </td> <td>French double angle quotes (left and right), legacy (approximative) spacing usual on the web, with normal (four per em) no-break space (justifying, thus inappropriate) </td></tr> <tr> <td>« <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A » </td> <td>U+202F (8239) &#x202F; </td> <td>French double angle quotes (left and right), correct spacing used by typographers, with narrow (six per em) non-breaking spaces, represented on the web using narrow no-break space </td></tr> <tr> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A» </td> <td> </td> <td>French double angle quotes (left and right) without space (not recommended in French) </td></tr> <tr> <td>‹ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A › </td> <td rowspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>U+2039 (8249) &lsaquo;</li><li>U+203A (8250) &rsaquo;</li></ul></div> </td> <td>U+00A0 (160) &nbsp; </td> <td>French single angle quotes (left and right), alternate form for embedded quotations, legacy (approximative) spacing usual on the web, with normal (four per em) no-break space (justifying, thus inappropriate) </td></tr> <tr> <td>‹ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A › </td> <td>U+202F (8239) &#x202F; </td> <td>French single angle quotes (left and right), alternate form for embedded quotations, correct spacing used by typographers, with narrow (six per em) non-breaking spaces, represented on the web using narrow no-break space </td></tr> <tr> <td>‹<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A› </td> <td> </td> <td>French single angle quotes (left and right) without space (not recommended in French) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guillemets_(Imprimerie_nationale,_1934).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png/220px-Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png/330px-Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Guillemets_%28Imprimerie_nationale%2C_1934%29.png 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="82" /></a><figcaption>Guillemets by the <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie nationale">Imprimerie nationale</a> in Bulletin de l’Agence générale des colonies, No. 302, Mai 1934, showing the <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a>-shaped symbols sitting on the <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">baseline</a></figcaption></figure> Initially, the French guillemets were not angle shaped but also used the comma (6/9) shape.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They were different from English quotes because they were standing (like today's guillemets) on the baseline (like lowercase letters), not raised above it (like apostrophes and English quotation marks) or hanging below it (like commas). At the beginning of the nineteenth century, this shape evolved to look like (( small parentheses )). The angle shape was introduced later to make them easier to distinguish from apostrophes, commas and parentheses in handwritten manuscripts submitted to publishers. <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> currently does not provide alternate codes for these 6/9 guillemets on the baseline, as they are considered to be form variants of guillemets, implemented in older French typography (such as the <a href="/wiki/Didot_(typeface)" title="Didot (typeface)">Didot font</a> design). With this older style there was also not necessarily any distinction of shape between the opening and closing guillemets; both often pointed to the right (as today's French closing guillemets do).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In old-style printed books, when quotations span multiple lines of text (including multiple paragraphs), an additional closing quotation sign is traditionally used at the beginning of each line continuing a quotation; this right-pointing guillemet at the beginning of a line does not close the current quotation. This convention was consistently used from the beginning of the 19th century by most book printers, but is no longer in use today. Such insertion of continuation quotation marks was rigidly maintained, even at a word hyphenation break. Since these continuation marks are obsolete in French, there is no support for automatic insertion of continuation guillemets in HTML or CSS, nor in word-processors. Old-style typesetting is emulated by breaking up the final layout with manual line breaks, and inserting the quotation marks at line start, much like pointy brackets before quoted plain text e-mail: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« C’est une belle journée pour les Montréalais, soutient » le ministre. Ces investissements stimuleront la crois- » sance économique. »</div> Unlike English, French does not identify unquoted material within a quotation by using a second set of quotation marks. Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« C’est une belle journée pour les Montréalais, soutient le ministre. Ces investissements stimuleront la croissance économique. » "This is a great day for Montrealers", the minister maintained. "These investments will stimulate economic growth."</div> For clarity, some newspapers put nested quoted material in italics: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« C’est une belle journée pour les Montréalais, soutient le ministre. Ces investissements stimuleront la croissance économique. »</div> The French Imprimerie nationale (cf. Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l'Imprimerie nationale, presses de l'Imprimerie nationale, Paris, 2002) does not use different quotation marks for nesting quotes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« Son « explication » n’est qu’un mensonge », s’indigna le député. "His 'explanation' is just a lie", the deputy protested.</div> In this case, when there should be two adjacent opening or closing marks, only one is written: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">Il répondit : « Ce n’est qu’un « gadget ! ». He answered: "It's only a 'gizmo'."</div> The use of English quotation marks is increasing in French and usually follows English rules, for instance in situations when the keyboard or the software context doesn't allow the use of guillemets. The French news site <a href="/wiki/L%27Humanit%C3%A9" title="L'Humanité">L'Humanité</a> uses straight quotation marks along with angle ones. English quotes are also used sometimes for nested quotations: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« Son “explication” n’est qu’un mensonge », s’indigna le député. "His 'explanation' is just a lie", the deputy protested.</div> But the most frequent convention used in printed books for nested quotations is to style them in italics. Single quotation marks are much more rarely used, and multiple levels of quotations using the same marks is often considered confusing for readers: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« Son explication n’est qu’un mensonge », s’indigna le député. Il répondit : « Ce n’est qu’un gadget ! ».</div> Further, running dialogue does not use quotation marks beyond the first sentence, as changes in speaker are indicated by a dash, as opposed to the English use of closing and re-opening the quotation. (For other languages employing dashes, see section <a href="#Quotation_dash">Quotation dash</a> below.) The dashes may be used entirely without quotation marks as well. In general, quotation marks are extended to encompass as much speech as possible, including not just unspoken text such as "he said" (as previously noted), but also as long as the conversion extends. The quotation marks end at the last word of spoken text (rather than extending to the end of the paragraph) when the final part is not spoken. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« Je ne vous parle pas, monsieur, dit-il. — Mais je vous parle, moi ! » s’écria le jeune homme exaspéré de ce mélange d’insolence et de bonnes manières, de convenance et de dédain. (<a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas,_p%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Dumas, père">Dumas</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers" title="The Three Musketeers">Les trois mousquetaires</a>) "I am not speaking to you, sir", he said. "But I am speaking to you!" cried the young man, exasperated by this combination of insolence and good manners, of protocol and disdain.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek">Greek</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Greek">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> uses angled quotation marks (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:εισαγωγικά">εισαγωγικά</a> – isagogiká): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">«Μιλάει σοβαρά;» ρώτησε την Μαρία. «Ναι, σίγουρα», αποκρίθηκε.</div> and the <a href="#Quotation_dash">quotation dash</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:παύλα">παύλα</a> – pávla): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">― Μιλάει σοβαρά; ρώτησε την Μαρία. ― Ναι, σίγουρα, αποκρίθηκε.</div> which translate to: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">"Is he serious?" he asked Maria. "Yes, certainly," she replied.</div> A closing quotation mark, », is added to the beginning of each new paragraph within a quotation. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">« Η Βικιπαίδεια ή Wikipedia είναι ένα συλλογικό εγκυκλοπαιδικό » εγχείρημα που έχει συσταθεί στο Διαδίκτυο, παγκόσμιο, πολύγλωσσο, » που λειτουργεί με την αρχή του wiki. »</div> When quotations are nested, the nested parts use English-style quotation marks, double and then (if necessary) single: «...“...‘...’...”...».[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Α» </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>U+00AB (0171)</li><li>U+00BB (0187)</li></ul> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>&laquo;</li><li>&raquo;</li></ul> </td> <td>Greek first level double quotes (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:εισαγωγικά">εισαγωγικά</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>― <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Α </td> <td>U+2014 (8212) </td> <td>&#8212; </td> <td>Greek direct quotation em-dash </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian">Hungarian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hungarian">edit</a>]</div> According to current recommendation by the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a> the main Hungarian quotation marks are comma-shaped double quotation marks set on the base-line at the beginning of the quote and at apostrophe-height at the end of it for first level, („Quote”), reversed »French quotes« without space (the German tradition) for the second level, and thus the following nested quotation pattern emerges: <ul><li>„Quote »inside« quote”</li></ul> ... and with third level: <ul><li>„Quote »inside ’inside of inside’ inside« quote”</li></ul> In Hungarian linguistic tradition the meaning of a word is signified by uniform (unpaired) apostrophe-shaped quotation marks: <ul><li>die Biene ’méh’</li></ul> A <a href="#Quotation_dash">quotation dash</a> is also used, and is predominant in <a href="/wiki/Belletristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Belletristic">belletristic</a> literature. <ul><li>– Merre jártál? – kérdezte a köpcös.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A” </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+201E (8222)</li><li>U+201D (8221)</li></ul> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>&bdquo;</li><li>&rdquo;</li></ul> </td> <td>Hungarian first level double quotes (left and right) </td></tr> <tr> <td>»<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A« </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+00BB (0171)</li><li>U+00AB (0187)</li></ul> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>&raquo;</li><li>&laquo;</li></ul> </td> <td>Hungarian second level double quotes (left and right) </td></tr> <tr> <td>’<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A’ </td> <td>U+2019 (8217) </td> <td>&rsquo; </td> <td>Hungarian unpaired quotes signifying "meaning of the preceding term" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew">Hebrew</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hebrew">edit</a>]</div> In Israel, the traditional practice in printing and handwriting is to use „low-high” quote marks.<a href="#cite_note-he-1-55">[40]</a> Since the 2000s, the plain quotes have become more common.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 2013 revision of the SI-1452 standard for <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_keyboard" title="Hebrew keyboard">Hebrew keyboard</a>, available since 2012 in Windows 8 and in desktop Linux systems, supports both systems, as does the <a href="/wiki/Gboard" title="Gboard">Gboard</a> keyboard for touchscreen devices. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norwegian">Norwegian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Norwegian">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> uses angled quotation marks (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Anf%C3%B8rselstegn" class="extiw" title="wikt:Anførselstegn">Anførselstegn</a>) <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>«<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Α» </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+00AB (0171)</li><li>U+00BB (0187)</li></ul> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>&laquo;</li><li>&raquo;</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish">Polish</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Polish">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">factual accuracy</a> may be compromised due to out-of-date information. The reason given is: The PN-83/P-55366 standard was withdrawn in 2014, according to Polish Wikipedia. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> According to current <a href="/w/index.php?title=PN-83/P-55366&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PN-83/P-55366 (page does not exist)">PN-83/P-55366</a> standard from 1983 (but not dictionaries, see below), Typesetting rules for composing Polish text (Zasady składania tekstów w języku polskim) one can use either „ordinary Polish quotes” or «French quotes» (without space) for first level, and ‚single Polish quotes’ or «French quotes» for second level, which gives three styles of nested quotes: <ol><li>„Quote ‚inside’ quote”</li> <li>„Quote «inside» quote”</li> <li>«Quote ‚inside’ quote»</li></ol> There is no space on the internal side of quote marks, with the exception of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄4 <a href="/wiki/Em_(typography)#Firet" title="Em (typography)">firet</a> (≈ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄4 <a href="/wiki/Em_(typography)" title="Em (typography)">em</a>) space between two quotation marks when there are no other characters between them (e.g. ,„ and ’”). The above rules have not changed since at least the previous <a href="/w/index.php?title=BN-76/7440-02&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BN-76/7440-02 (page does not exist)">BN-76/7440-02</a> standard from 1976 and are probably much older. These rules on the use of guillemets conflict with the ones given by Polish dictionaries, including the Wielki Słownik Ortograficzny PWN recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Language_Council" title="Polish Language Council">Polish Language Council</a>. The PWN rules state: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In specific uses, guillemets also appear. Guillemet marks pointing inwards are used for highlights and in case a quotation occurs inside a quotation. Guillemet marks pointing outwards are used for definitions (mainly in scientific publications and dictionaries), as well as for enclosing spoken lines and indirect speech, especially in poetic texts.<a href="#cite_note-97">[76]</a></blockquote> In Polish printed books and publications, this dictionary-recommended style for guillemets (also known as »German quotes«) is used almost exclusively. In addition to being standard for second level quotes, guillemet quotes are sometimes used as first level quotes in headings and titles, but almost never for ordinary text in paragraphs. Another style of quoting is to use an <a href="/wiki/Em-dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em-dash">em-dash</a> to open a quote; this is used almost exclusively for quoting dialogues rather than for single statements, and is virtually always the one used for that purpose in works of fiction. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">Mag skłonił się. Biały kot śpiący obok paleniska ocknął się nagle i spojrzał na niego badawczo. — Jak się nazywa ta wieś, panie? — zapytał przybysz. Kowal wzruszył ramionami. — Głupi Osioł. — Głupi...? — Osioł — powtórzył kowal takim tonem, jakby wyzywał gościa, żeby spróbował sobie z niego zażartować. Mag zamyślił się. — Ta nazwa ma pewnie swoją historię — stwierdził w końcu. — W innych okolicznościach chętnie bym jej wysłuchał. Ale chciałbym porozmawiać z tobą, kowalu, o twoim synu. The wizard bowed. A white cat that had been sleeping by the furnace woke up and watched him carefully. “What is the name of this place, sir?” said the wizard. The blacksmith shrugged. “Stupid Donkey,” he said. [original English version is "Bad Ass", but that's not a common phrase in Polish] “Stupid—?” “Donkey,” repeated the blacksmith, his tone defying anyone to make something of it. The wizard considered this. “A name with a story behind it,” he said at last, “which were circumstances otherwise I would be pleased to hear. But I would like to speak to you, smith, about your son.” (— <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a>, Equal Rites)</div> An <a href="/wiki/En-dash" class="mw-redirect" title="En-dash">en-dash</a> is sometimes used in place of the <a href="/wiki/Em-dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em-dash">em-dash</a>, especially so in newspaper texts. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>‚<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A’ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+201A (8218)</li><li>U+2019 (8217)</li></ul> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>&sbquo;</li><li>&rsquo;</li></ul> </td> <td>Polish single quotes (left and right) </td></tr> <tr> <td>„<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A” </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+201E (8222)</li><li>U+201D (8221)</li></ul> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>&bdquo;</li><li>&rdquo;</li></ul> </td> <td>Polish double quotes (left and right) </td></tr> <tr> <td>— <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A </td> <td>U+2014 (8212) </td> <td>&mdash; </td> <td>Polish direct quotation <a href="/wiki/Em-dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em-dash">em-dash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">A </td> <td>U+2013 (8211) </td> <td>&ndash; </td> <td>Polish direct quotation <a href="/wiki/En-dash" class="mw-redirect" title="En-dash">en-dash</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese">Portuguese</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Portuguese">edit</a>]</div> Neither the <a href="/wiki/Academia_das_Ci%C3%AAncias_de_Lisboa,_Classe_de_Letras" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Language regulator">language regulator</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras" title="Academia Brasileira de Letras">Brazilian</a> prescribe a particular shape for quotation marks, they only prescribe when and how they should be used. In <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, angular quotation marks<a href="#cite_note-pt-aspas-75">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-pt-Prontuário_Ortográfico-80">[61]</a> (ex. «quote») are traditionally used. They are the Latin tradition quotation marks, normally used by typographers, and are also the usual style in reference sources,<a href="#cite_note-infopedia-79">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cunha-99">[78]</a> as well as on some websites dedicated to the Portuguese language.<a href="#cite_note-100">[79]</a> The Código de Redação<a href="#cite_note-CRI-101">[80]</a> for Portuguese-language documents published in the European Union prescribes three levels of quotation marks, «...“...‘...’...”...»: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">E estava escrito «Alguém perguntou “Quem foi que gritou ‘Meu Deus!’?”.» na folha de papel. And it was written “Someone asked ‘Who shouted “My God!”?’.” on the sheet of paper.</div> <ul><li>in black: main sentence which contains the quotations;</li> <li>in green: 1st level quotation;</li> <li>in red: 2nd level quotation;</li> <li>in blue: 3rd level quotation;</li></ul> The usage of curved quotation marks (ex. “quote” and ‘quote’) is growing in Portugal,<a href="#cite_note-altas-102">[81]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] probably due to the omnipresence of the English language and to the corresponding difficulty (or even inability) to enter angular quotation marks on some machines (mobile phones, cash registers, calculators, etc.). In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, angular quotation marks are rare, and curved quotation marks (“quote” and ‘quote’) are almost always used. An example of this can be seen in the difference between a <a href="/wiki/List_of_QWERTY_keyboard_language_variants#Portugal" title="List of QWERTY keyboard language variants">Portuguese keyboard</a> (which has a key for « and ») and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_QWERTY_keyboard_language_variants#Brazil" title="List of QWERTY keyboard language variants">Brazilian keyboard</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">Portuguese-speaking African countries</a> tend to follow Portugal's conventions, not the Brazilian ones. Other usages of quotation marks (“quote„ for double, ‹quote› for single) are obsolete in Portuguese.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarusian,_Russian,_and_Ukrainian">Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, the angled quotation (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: «двукоссе», <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: «кавычки», <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: «лапки») marks are used without spaces. In case of quoted material inside a quotation, rules and most noted style manuals prescribe the use of different kinds of quotation marks. Example in Russian: Пушкин писал Дельвигу: «Жду „Цыганов“ и тотчас тисну». (<a href="/wiki/Pushkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushkin">Pushkin</a> wrote to Delvig: "Waiting for '<a href="/wiki/The_Gypsies_(poem)" title="The Gypsies (poem)">Gypsies</a>', and publish at once.") Example in Ukrainian: «І, звісно, не обійтись без користування словником. Один мій знайомий поет і літературознавець якось жартуючи сказав: “Я волію читати словники, ніж поеми. У словнику ті самі слова, що і в поемі, але подані в систематизованому порядку”. Це сказано жартома, але “читати словники” — не така вже дивовижна і дивацька річ, як може здатися». ("And, of course, you can't avoid using a dictionary. One of my acquaintances, a poet and literary critic, once jokingly said: 'I prefer to read dictionaries than poems. The dictionary has the same words as in the poem, but is presented in a systematic way'. It's a joke, but 'reading dictionaries' is not as amazing and bizarre as it may seem.") <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish">Spanish</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Spanish">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish (language)">Spanish</a> uses angled quotation marks (comillas latinas or angulares), with no space between the quotation mark and the quoted material. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">«Esto es un ejemplo de cómo se suele hacer una cita literal en español». "This is an example of how a literal quotation is usually written in Spanish."</div> When quotations are nested in more levels than inner and outer quotation, the system is:<a href="#cite_note-103">[82]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">«Antonio me dijo: “Vaya ‘cacharro’ que se ha comprado Julián”». "Antonio told me, 'What a piece of "junk" Julián has purchased for himself'".</div> The use of English quotation marks is increasing in Spanish;[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] the <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> style guide, which is widely followed in Spain, recommends them. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic Americans</a> often use them, owing to influence from the United States. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean">Chinese, Japanese and Korean</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Chinese, Japanese and Korean">edit</a>]</div> Corner brackets are well-suited for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> languages, because they accommodate <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">vertical and horizontal writing</a> equally well. China, South Korea, and Japan all use corner brackets when writing vertically. Usage differs when writing horizontally: <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, corner brackets are used.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, corner brackets and English-style quotes are used.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, angle quotes are used.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, English-style quotes (full width “ ”) are official and prevalent; corner brackets are rare today. The Unicode code points used are the English quotes (rendered as fullwidth by the font), not the fullwidth forms.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">traditional characters</a> are used, corner brackets are prevalent, although English-style quotes are also used.</li> <li>In the Chinese language, double angle brackets are placed around titles of books, documents, movies, pieces of art or music, magazines, newspapers, laws, etc. When nested, single angle brackets are used inside double angle brackets. With some exceptions, this usage parallels the usage of italics in English:</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>「你看過《三國演義》嗎？」他問我。</dd> <dd>"Have you read <a href="/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Romance of the Three Kingdoms">Romance of the Three Kingdoms</a>?", he asked me.</dd></dl></dd></dl> When corner brackets are being used for quotations, quote-within-quote segments are marked with white corner brackets. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Usage </th></tr> <tr> <td>「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">文字」 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+300C (12300)</li><li>U+300D (12301)</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2">Corner brackets <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AE%E5%BC%95%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="單引號 (page does not exist)">單引號</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E8%99%9F" class="extiw" title="zh:引號">zh</a>] (dān yǐn hào)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%A4%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鉤括弧 (page does not exist)">鉤括弧</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%A4%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7" class="extiw" title="ja:鉤括弧">ja</a>] (kagikakko)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 낫표 (natpyo)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_typographic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese typographic symbols">Japanese</a></li> <li>Korean</li> <li>Traditional Chinese</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>﹁<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">文字﹂ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+FE41 (65089)</li><li>U+FE42 (65090)</li></ul>(non-normative)<a href="#cite_note-cjkvert-104">[b]</a> </td> <td>For vertical writing:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Japanese</li> <li>Korean</li> <li>Traditional Chinese</li> <li>Simplified Chinese</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>『<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">文字』 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+300E (12302)</li><li>U+300F (12303)</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2">White corner brackets <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Chinese: 雙引號 (shuāng yǐn hào)</li> <li>Japanese: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8D%E9%89%A4%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二重鉤括弧 (page does not exist)">二重鉤括弧</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8D%E9%89%A4%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7" class="extiw" title="ja:二重鉤括弧">ja</a>] (nijū kagikakko)</li> <li>Korean: 겹낫표 (gyeomnatpyo)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Japanese</li> <li>Korean (book titles)</li> <li>Traditional Chinese</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>﹃<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">文字﹄ </td> <td>U+FE43 (65091), U+FE44 (65092) (non-normative)<a href="#cite_note-cjkvert-104">[b]</a> </td> <td>For vertical writing:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Japanese</li> <li>Korean</li> <li>Traditional Chinese</li> <li>Simplified Chinese</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>“<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">한” </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+201C (8220)</li><li>U+201D (8221)</li></ul> </td> <td>Double quotation marks<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean: 큰따옴표 (keunttaompyo)</li> <li>Chinese: 雙引號 (shuāng yǐn hào)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>)</li> <li>Traditional Chinese (acceptable but less common, happened in Hong Kong mainly as a result of influence from mainland China)</li> <li>Simplified Chinese</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>‘<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">한’ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+2018 (8216)</li><li>U+2019 (8217)</li></ul> </td> <td>Single quotation marks<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean: 작은따옴표 (jageunttaompyo)</li> <li>Chinese: 單引號 (dān yǐn hào)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean (South Korea)</li> <li>Chinese (for quote-within-quote segments)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>《<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">한》 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+300A (12298)</li><li>U+300B (12299)</li></ul> </td> <td>Double angle brackets<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean: 겹화살괄호 (gyeophwasalgwalho)</li> <li>Chinese: 書名號 (shū míng hào)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean (book titles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (used for titles of books, documents, movies, pieces of art or music, magazines, newspapers, laws, etc. )</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>〈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">한〉 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>U+3008 (12296)</li><li>U+3009 (12297)</li></ul> </td> <td>Single angle brackets<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean: 홑화살괄호 (hothwasalgwalho)</li> <li>Chinese: 書名號 (shū míng hào)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Korean (book sub-titles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (for book titles within book titles.)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotation_dash">Quotation dash</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Quotation dash">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dash#Horizontal_bar" title="Dash">Dash § Horizontal bar</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (June 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Another typographical style is to omit quotation marks for lines of dialogue, replacing them with an initial dash, as in lines from James Joyce's <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">― O saints above! Miss Douce said, sighed above her jumping rose. I wished I hadn't laughed so much. I feel all wet. ― O Miss Douce! Miss Kennedy protested. You horrid thing!<a href="#cite_note-105">[83]</a></div> This style is particularly common in Bulgarian, French, Greek, Hungarian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, and Vietnamese.<a href="#cite_note-Vietnamese-93">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> always insisted on this style, although his publishers did not always respect his preference. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Paton" title="Alan Paton">Alan Paton</a> used this style in <a href="/wiki/Cry,_the_Beloved_Country" title="Cry, the Beloved Country">Cry, the Beloved Country</a> (and no quotation marks at all in some of his later work). <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frazier" title="Charles Frazier">Charles Frazier</a> used this style for his novel <a href="/wiki/Cold_Mountain_(novel)" title="Cold Mountain (novel)">Cold Mountain</a> as well. Details for individual languages are given above. The dash is often combined with ordinary quotation marks. For example, in French, a guillemet may be used to initiate running speech, with a dash to indicate each change in speaker and a closing guillemet to mark the end of the quotation. Dashes are also used in many modern <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novels</a>, especially those written in <a href="/wiki/Nonstandard_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonstandard dialect">nonstandard dialects</a>. Some examples include: <ul><li>James Joyce's prose</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaddis" title="William Gaddis">William Gaddis</a>' prose</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trainspotting_(novel)" title="Trainspotting (novel)">Trainspotting</a> by <a href="/wiki/Irvine_Welsh" title="Irvine Welsh">Irvine Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M/F" title="M/F">M/F</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Dave" title="The Book of Dave">The Book of Dave</a> by <a href="/wiki/Will_Self" title="Will Self">Will Self</a>, which alternates between standard English chapters, with standard quotation marks, and dialect chapters, with quotation dashes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Scanner_Darkly" title="A Scanner Darkly">A Scanner Darkly</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a> (not written in dialect)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86gypt" title="Ægypt">The Ægypt Sequence</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Crowley_(author)" title="John Crowley (author)">John Crowley</a>, in extracts from the fictional writings of the character Fellowes Kraft, a <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical novelist</a>. According to another character, Kraft used dashes to indicate imaginary dialogue that was not documented in the original sources.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Van_(novel)" title="The Van (novel)">The Van</a> by <a href="/wiki/Roddy_Doyle" title="Roddy Doyle">Roddy Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Shall_Know_Our_Velocity" title="You Shall Know Our Velocity">You Shall Know Our Velocity</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dave_Eggers" title="Dave Eggers">Dave Eggers</a>, in which spoken dialogues are written with the typical English quotation marks, but dialogues imagined by the main character (which feature prominently) are written with quotation dashes</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Winter_in_the_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Winter in the Hills (page does not exist)">A Winter in the Hills</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Wain" title="John Wain">John Wain</a> in which conversations in English are indicated by ordinary quotation marks and in Welsh by quotation dashes</li></ul> In Italian, Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish, Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Bulgarian, Georgian, Romanian, Lithuanian and Hungarian, a reporting clause in the middle of a quotation is marked by a dash on each side of it. The initial quotation dash is followed by a single space, and any other quotation dashes in the same paragraph have a single space on each side. A Russian example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">― Ай, ай, ай! ― вскрикнул Левин. ― Я ведь, кажется, уже лет девять не говел. Я и не подумал. ― Хорош! ― смеясь, сказал Степан Аркадьевич, ― а меня же называешь нигилистом! Однако ведь это нельзя. Тебе надо говеть. "Oh dear!" exclaimed Levin. "I think it is nine years since I went to communion! I haven't thought about it." "You are a good one!" remarked Oblonsky, laughing. "And you call me a Nihilist! But it won't do, you know; you must confess and receive the sacrament." (— from <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina">Anna Karenina</a>, Louise and Aylmer Maude translation)</div> A Hungarian example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">– Nem hagyják magukat, mozgásban maradnak – mondta Ron. – Ahogy mi is. "Well, they keep on the move, don't they?" said Ron. "Like us." (— From J. K. Rowling's <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows</a> and its Hungarian translation by Tóth Tamás Boldizsár)</div> In <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>, on the other hand, the beginning of a reporting clause is marked only by the punctuation already existing in the sentence, or (if there was none) by adding a comma. When a quote continues after the reporting clause, the clause ends with a comma, and the continuation begins with another dash:<a href="#cite_note-106">[84]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">– Et sinä ole paljon minkään näköinen, sanoi Korkala melkein surullisesti, – mutta ei auta. "You don't seem to be anything special," said Korkala almost sadly, "but there's no help to it." – Frakki, älähti Huikari. – Missä on frakki? – Räätälissä, sanoi Joonas rauhallisesti. "Tailcoat", yelped Huikari. "Where is the tailcoat?" "At the tailor's", said Joonas calmly.</div> The <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard introduced a separate character <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+2015 ― HORIZONTAL BAR to be used as a quotation dash. It may be the same length as an em-dash, which is often used instead. Some software will allow a line break after an ordinary em-dash, but prevent it after a quotation dash. Both are displayed in the following table. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Samples</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (decimal)</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>―<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"> A </td> <td>U+2015 (8213) </td> <td>&horbar; </td> <td>Quotation dash, also known as <a href="/wiki/Dash#Horizontal_bar" title="Dash">horizontal bar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>—<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"> A </td> <td>U+2014 (8212) </td> <td>&mdash; </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Em_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em dash">Em-dash</a>, an alternative to the quotation dash </td></tr> <tr> <td>–<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"> A </td> <td>U+2013 (8211) </td> <td>&ndash; </td> <td><a href="/wiki/En_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="En dash">En-dash</a>, used instead of em-dash for quotation dash in some languages (e.g. Swedish) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic_documents">Electronic documents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Electronic documents">edit</a>]</div> Different <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typefaces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encodings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_language" title="Computer language">computer languages</a> use various encodings and glyphs for quotation marks. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typewriters_and_early_computers">Typewriters and early computers </h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Typewriters and early computers">edit</a>]</div> 'Ambidextrous' or 'straight' quotation marks ' " were introduced on <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a> to minimise the number of keys on the keyboard, and were inherited by <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Character set">character sets</a>. The <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> character set, which has been used on a wide variety of computers since the 1960s, contains the straight versions only (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0027 ' <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">APOSTROPHE</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0022 " QUOTATION MARK). Many systems, such as the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> of the 1980s and early 1990s, actually drew these ASCII quotes like closing quotes on-screen and in printouts, so text would appear like this (approximately): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">″Good morning, Dave,″ said HAL. ′Good morning, Dave,′ said HAL.</div> </div> These same systems often drew the <a href="/wiki/Backtick" title="Backtick">backtick</a> (the free standing character <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0060 ` <a href="/wiki/Backtick" title="Backtick">GRAVE ACCENT</a>) as an 'open quote' glyph (usually a mirror image so it still sloped in the direction of a grave accent). Using this character as the opening quote gave a <a href="/wiki/Typographic_approximation" title="Typographic approximation">typographic approximation</a> of curved single quotes. Nothing similar was available for the double quote, so many people resorted to using two single quotes for double quotes, which would look approximately like the following: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">``Good morning, Dave,′′ said HAL. `Good morning, Dave,′ said HAL.</div> </div> The typesetting application <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> uses this convention for input files. The following is an example of TeX input which yields proper curly quotation marks. <dl><dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">``Good morning, Dave,'' said HAL.</code></dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">`Good morning, Dave,' said HAL.</code></dd></dl> The <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard added <a href="/wiki/Codepoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Codepoint">codepoints</a> for slanted or curved quotes (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201C “ LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201D ” RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK, described further below), shown here for comparison: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">“Good morning, Dave,” said HAL. ‘Good morning, Dave,’ said HAL.</div></div> The Unicode mapping for <a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard Encoding</a> preserves the typographic approximation convention by mapping its equivalent of ASCII grave and single-quote to the Unicode curly quotation mark characters. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keyboard_layouts">Keyboard layouts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Keyboard layouts">edit</a>]</div> On most keyboards, typographical quotation marks are absent. When typewriter keyboards were designed, curved quotation marks were not implemented. Instead, to limit the number of characters (and keys) required, straight quotation marks were invented as a compromise. (In countries that use angled quotation marks, those were not implemented on typewriters either[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>].) Early computer keyboards copied layouts that had been established by typewriter keyboards. Most computer keyboards do not have specific keys for curved quotation marks or angled quotation marks. This may also have to do with computer character sets: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page#IBM_PC_/_DOS_(OEM)_code_pages" title="Code page">IBM character sets</a> generally do not include curved quotation mark characters, therefore, keys for those marks are absent from most IBM computer keyboards.<a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a></li> <li>Microsoft followed the example of IBM in its character set and keyboard design. Curved quotation marks were implemented later in <a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows character sets</a>, but most Microsoft computer keyboards<a href="#cite_note-108">[86]</a> do not have a dedicated key for the curved quotation mark characters. On keyboards with the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd> key or both the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd> key and the <a href="/wiki/Numeric_keypad" title="Numeric keypad">numeric keypad</a>, they are accessible through a series of keystrokes that involve these keys.<a href="#cite_note-110">[c]</a> Also, techniques using <a href="#Unicode_code_point_table">their Unicode code points</a> are available; see <a href="/wiki/Unicode_input#Hexadecimal_code_input" title="Unicode input">Unicode input</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page#Apple_related_code_pages" title="Code page">Macintosh character sets</a> have always had curved quotation marks available. Nevertheless, these are mostly only accessible through a series of keystrokes involving the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Opt</kbd> key.</li></ul> In languages that use the curved “...” quotation marks, they are available<a href="#cite_note-keyboard-111">[d]</a> in: <ul><li>none</li></ul> In languages that use angular «...» quotation marks, they are available<a href="#cite_note-keyboard-111">[d]</a> in: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_keyboard#Mac_Arabic_Keyboard" title="Arabic keyboard">Macintosh Arabic keyboard</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a></li> <li>Armenian keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY#Canadian_French" title="QWERTY">Canadian keyboard</a><a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[90]</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a> keyboard<a href="#cite_note-115">[91]</a></li> <li>Greek keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[92]</a></li> <li>Khmer keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a></li> <li>Latvian ergonomic keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[93]</a></li> <li>Pashto keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[94]</a></li> <li>Persian keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_keyboard_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese keyboard layout">Portuguese keyboard</a><a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[96]</a></li> <li>Syriac keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[97]</a></li> <li>Uyghur keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[98]</a></li></ul> In languages that use the corner bracket 「...」 quotation marks, they are available<a href="#cite_note-keyboard-111">[d]</a> in: <ul><li>Japanese keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a></li></ul> In languages that use the angle bracket 《...》<a href="#cite_note-mongolian-123">[e]</a> they are available in: <ul><li>Mongolian keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[99]</a></li> <li>New Tai Lue keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a></li></ul> In languages that use the curved „...“ quotation marks, they are available<a href="#cite_note-keyboard-111">[d]</a> in: <ul><li>Bulgarian keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[100]</a></li> <li>Georgian keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibmkbd-107">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[101]</a></li> <li>Macedonian keyboard<a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[102]</a></li></ul> In languages that use the curved „...” quotation marks, they are available<a href="#cite_note-keyboard-111">[d]</a> in: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_keyboard_layout" title="Romanian keyboard layout">Romanian Standard SR 13392:2004 keyboard</a><a href="#cite_note-Unicode-112">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[103]</a></li></ul> In languages that use the curved ”...” quotation marks, they are available<a href="#cite_note-keyboard-111">[d]</a> in: <ul><li>none</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curved_quotes_within_and_across_applications">Curved quotes within and across applications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Curved quotes within and across applications">edit</a>]</div> Historically, support for curved quotes was a problem in information technology, primarily because the widely used ASCII character set did not include a representation for them.<a href="#cite_note-129">[f]</a> The term "smart quotes", “...”, is from the name in several word processors of a function aimed this problem: automatically converting straight quotes typed by the user into curved quotes, the feature attempts to be "smart" enough to determine whether the punctuation marked opening or closing. Since curved quotes are the typographically correct ones,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] word processors have traditionally offered curved quotes to users (at minimum as available characters). Before <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> was widely accepted and supported, this meant representing the curved quotes in whatever 8-bit encoding the software and underlying <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> was using. The character sets for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Macintosh</a> used two different pairs of values for curved quotes, while <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> (historically the default character set for the <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unixes</a> and older <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> systems) has no curved quotes, making cross-platform and -application compatibility difficult. Performance by these "smart quotes" features was far from perfect overall (variance potential by e.g. subject matter, formatting/style convention, user typing habits). As many word processors (including Microsoft Word and <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a>) have the function enabled by default, users may not have realized that the ASCII-compatible straight quotes they were typing on their keyboards ended up as something different (conversely users could incorrectly assume its functioning in other applications, e.g. composing emails). The curved <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> is the same character as the closing single quote.<a href="#cite_note-130">[104]</a> "Smart quotes" features wrongly convert initial apostrophes (as in 'tis, 'em, 'til, and '89) into opening single quotes. (An example of this error appears in the advertisements for the television show <a href="/wiki/%27Til_Death" title="'Til Death">'Til Death</a>.) The two very different functions of this character can cause confusion, particularly in British styles,<a href="#cite_note-GB-131">[g]</a> in which single quotes are the standard primary. Unicode support has since become the norm for operating systems. Thus, in at least some cases, transferring content containing curved quotes (or any other non-ASCII characters) from a word processor to another application or platform has been less troublesome, provided all steps in the process (including the <a href="/wiki/Clipboard_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clipboard (software)">clipboard</a> if applicable) are Unicode-aware. But there are still applications which still use the older character sets, or output data using them, and thus problems still occur. There are other considerations for including curved quotes in the widely used <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup languages</a> HTML, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a>. If the encoding of the document supports direct representation of the characters, they can be used, but doing so can cause difficulties if the document needs to be edited by someone who is using an editor that cannot support the encoding. For example, many simple text editors only handle a few encodings or assume that the encoding of any file opened is a platform default, so the quote characters may appear as the generic replacement character � or "<a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">mojibake</a>" (gibberish). HTML includes a set of entities for curved quotes: <code>&lsquo;</code> (left single), <code>&rsquo;</code> (right single or apostrophe), <code>&sbquo;</code> (low 9 single), <code>&ldquo;</code> (left double), <code>&rdquo;</code> (right double), and <code>&bdquo;</code> (low 9 double). XML does not define these by default, but specifications based on it can do so, and XHTML does. In addition, while the HTML 4, XHTML and XML specifications allow specifying numeric character references in either hexadecimal or decimal, SGML and older versions of HTML (and many old implementations) only support decimal references. Thus, to represent curly quotes in XML and SGML, it is safest to use the decimal numeric character references. That is, to represent the double curly quotes use <code>&#8220;</code> and <code>&#8221;</code>, and to represent single curly quotes use <code>&#8216;</code> and <code>&#8217;</code>. Both numeric and named references function correctly in almost every modern browser. While using numeric references can make a page more compatible with outdated browsers, using named references are safer for systems that handle multiple character encodings (i.e. RSS aggregators and search results). In <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> file and folder names, the straight double quotation mark is prohibited, as it is a <a href="/wiki/Reserved_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserved character">reserved character</a>. The curved quotation marks, as well as the straight single quotation mark, are permitted. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usenet_and_email">Usenet and email</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Usenet and email">edit</a>]</div> The style of quoting known as <a href="/wiki/Usenet_quoting" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet quoting">Usenet quoting</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Greater-than_sign" title="Greater-than sign">greater-than sign</a>, > prepended to a line of text to mark it as a quote. This convention was later standardized in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3676">3676</a>, and was adopted subsequently by many email clients when automatically including quoted text from previous messages (in <a href="/wiki/Plain_text" title="Plain text">plain text</a> mode). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode_code_point_table">Unicode code point table</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Unicode code point table">edit</a>]</div> In Unicode, 30 characters are marked <code>Quotation Mark=Yes</code> by <a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property" title="Unicode character property">character property</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[105]</a> They all have general category "Punctuation", and a subcategory Open, Close, Initial, Final or Other (<code>Ps, Pe, Pi, Pf, Po</code>). Several other Unicode characters with quotation mark semantics lack the character property. <table class="wikitable" id="unicode_quote_table"> <caption>Quotation marks in Unicode (<a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property" title="Unicode character property">Character property</a> "Quotation_Mark"=Yes) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Character</th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0022 " QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&quot;, &QUOT;) </td> <td>Typewriter ("programmer's") quote, ambidextrous. Also known as "double quote". </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0027 ' APOSTROPHE (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&apos;) </td> <td>Typewriter ("programmer's") straight single quote, ambidextrous </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+00AB « LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&laquo;) </td> <td>Double angle quote (<a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillemets" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillemets">guillemet</a>, duck-foot quote), left </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+00BB » RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&raquo;) </td> <td>Double angle quote, right </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2018 ‘ LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&lsquo;, &OpenCurlyQuote;) </td> <td>Single curved quote, left. Also known as inverted <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> or turned comma<a href="#cite_note-134">[h]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2019 ’ <a href="/wiki/Right_single_quotation_mark" title="Right single quotation mark">RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&CloseCurlyQuote;, &rsquo;, &rsquor;) </td> <td>Single curved quote, right<a href="#cite_note-135">[i]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201A ‚ SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&lsquor;, &sbquo;) </td> <td>Low single curved quote, left </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201B ‛ SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK </td> <td>also called single reversed comma, quotation mark </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201C “ LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&ldquo;, &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;) </td> <td>Double curved quote, left </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201D ” RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&CloseCurlyDoubleQuote;, &rdquo;, &rdquor;) </td> <td>Double curved quote, right </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201E „ DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&bdquo;, &ldquor;) </td> <td>Low double curved quote, left </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+201F ‟ DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK </td> <td>also called double reversed comma, quotation mark </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2039 ‹ SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&lsaquo;) </td> <td>Single angle quote, left </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+203A › SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&rsaquo;) </td> <td>Single angle quote, right </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2E42 ⹂ DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK </td> <td>also called double low reversed comma, quotation mark </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Quotation marks in <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Technical" title="Miscellaneous Technical">Miscellaneous Technical</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+231C ⌜ TOP LEFT CORNER (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&ulcorn;, &ulcorner;) </td> <td rowspan="2">jointly, these are also called <a href="/wiki/Quine_corner" class="mw-redirect" title="Quine corner">Quine corners</a>, indicating <a href="/wiki/Quasi-quotation" title="Quasi-quotation">quasi-quotation</a> or <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6del_numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Gödel numeral">Gödel numerals</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+231D ⌝ TOP RIGHT CORNER (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&urcorn;, &urcorner;) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Quotation marks in <a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">dingbats</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+275B ❛ HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT </td> <td><code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+275C ❜ HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT </td> <td><code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+275D ❝ HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT </td> <td><code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+275E ❞ HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT </td> <td><code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+1F676 🙶 SANS-SERIF HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT </td> <td><code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+1F677 🙷 SANS-SERIF HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT </td> <td><code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+1F678 🙸 SANS-SERIF HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT </td> <td><code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Quotation marks in <a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Braille Patterns</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2826 ⠦ BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236 </td> <td>Braille double closing quotation mark; <code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2834 ⠴ BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356 </td> <td>Braille double opening quotation mark; <code>Quotation Mark=No</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Quotation marks in <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">Chinese, Japanese, and Korean</a> (CJK) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+300C 「 LEFT CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>CJK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+300D 」 RIGHT CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>CJK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+300E 『 LEFT WHITE CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>CJK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+300F 』 RIGHT WHITE CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>CJK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+301D 〝 REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK </td> <td>CJK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+301E 〞 DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK </td> <td>CJK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+301F 〟 LOW DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK </td> <td>CJK </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Alternate encodings </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FE41 ﹁ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT CORNER BRACKET </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CJK_Compatibility_Forms" title="CJK Compatibility Forms">CJK Compatibility Form</a> (vertical form to be used in horizontal texts), preferred use: U+300C </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FE42 ﹂ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>CJK Compatibility Form (vertical form to be used in horizontal texts), preferred use: U+300D </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FE43 ﹃ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT WHITE CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>CJK Compatibility Form (vertical form to be used in horizontal texts), preferred use: U+300E </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FE44 ﹄ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>CJK Compatibility Form (vertical form to be used in horizontal texts), preferred use: U+300F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FF02 ＂ FULLWIDTH QUOTATION MARK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms">Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms</a>, fullwidth form corresponds with narrow U+0022 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FF07 ＇ FULLWIDTH APOSTROPHE </td> <td>Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms, fullwidth form corresponds with narrow U+0027 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FF62 ｢ HALFWIDTH LEFT CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms, halfwidth form corresponds with wide U+300C </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+FF63 ｣ HALFWIDTH RIGHT CORNER BRACKET </td> <td>Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms, halfwidth form corresponds with wide U+300D </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-altnames-3"><a href="#cite_ref-altnames_3-0">^</a> Also known as quotes, quote marks, speech marks, inverted commas, or talking marks.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2005   <a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">FOUR-PER-EM SPACE</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&emsp14;) </li> <li id="cite_note-cjkvert-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cjkvert_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cjkvert_104-1">b</a> These codes for vertical-writing characters are for presentation forms in the Unicode CJK compatibility forms section. Typical documents use normative character codes which are shown for the horizontal writing in this table, and applications are usually responsible to render correct forms depending on the writing direction used. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Using the <a href="/wiki/Numeric_keypad" title="Numeric keypad">numeric keypad</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">5</kbd> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd> yield, respectively, ‘, ’, “, and ”.<a href="#cite_note-109">[87]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-keyboard-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keyboard_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-keyboard_111-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-keyboard_111-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-keyboard_111-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-keyboard_111-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-keyboard_111-5">f</a> in 1st or 2nd level access, i.e., specific key or using the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd> key; not 3rd or 4th level access, i.e., using <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd> key or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Opt</kbd> key, in conjunction or not with the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd> key. </li> <li id="cite_note-mongolian-123"><a href="#cite_ref-mongolian_123-0">^</a> These should be rotated 90 degrees in vertical text. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_email" title="Unicode and email">To use non ASCII characters in e-mail</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> the sending mail application generally needs to set a <a href="/wiki/MIME_type" class="mw-redirect" title="MIME type">MIME type</a> specifying the encoding. In most cases (the exceptions being if <a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a> is used or if the <a href="/wiki/8BITMIME" class="mw-redirect" title="8BITMIME">8BITMIME</a> extension is present), this also requires the use of a <a href="/wiki/MIME#Content-Transfer-Encoding" title="MIME">content-transfer encoding</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a> allows insertion of <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> code such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">‘</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">”</code> to produce typographic quotation marks; see <a href="#Unicode_code_point_table">below</a>.) </li> <li id="cite_note-GB-131"><a href="#cite_ref-GB_131-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/UK_English" class="mw-redirect" title="UK English">UK English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scots_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Gaelic">Scots Gaelic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> as described in the article. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Also sometimes used by 18th- and 19th-century printers for the small "c" for Scottish names, e.g. M‘Culloch rather than McCulloch.<a href="#cite_note-133">[106]</a> For a printed example see the Green Bag reference or the <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_Dictionary_of_Australasian_Biography.djvu/306" class="extiw" title="s:Page:The Dictionary of Australasian Biography.djvu/306">Dictionary of Australasian Biography, page 290</a> (Wikisource). </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> The same U+2019 <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a> and glyph is used for typographic (curly) <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophes</a>. Both <a href="#Typewriter_quotation_marks">U+0027</a> and U+2019 are ambiguous about distinguishing punctuation from apostrophes. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunsford2001" class="citation book cs1">Lunsford, Susan (2001). 100 Skill-Building Lessons Using 10 Favorite Books: A Teacher's Treasury of Irresistible Lessons & Activities That Help Children Meet Learning Goals In Reading, Writing, Math & More. Teaching Strategies. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780439205795" title="Special:BookSources/9780439205795"><bdi>9780439205795</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Skill-Building+Lessons+Using+10+Favorite+Books%3A+A+Teacher%27s+Treasury+of+Irresistible+Lessons+%26+Activities+That+Help+Children+Meet+Learning+Goals+In+Reading%2C+Writing%2C+Math+%26+More&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Teaching+Strategies&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780439205795&rft.aulast=Lunsford&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2011" class="citation book cs1">Hayes, Andrea (2011). Language Toolkit for New Zealand 2. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107624702" title="Special:BookSources/9781107624702"><bdi>9781107624702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Toolkit+for+New+Zealand+2&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781107624702&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daube.ch/docu/glossary/quotation_marks.html">"Quotation mark"</a>. Daube.ch. 6 November 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110208024843/http://www.daube.ch/docu/glossary/quotation_marks.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quotation+mark&rft.pub=Daube.ch&rft.date=1997-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daube.ch%2Fdocu%2Fglossary%2Fquotation_marks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUribe_Echeverria2009" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Uribe Echeverria, Pedro (7 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/deux-points-et-guillemets-le-proces-verbal_779087.html">"Deux-points et guillemets: Le 'procès-verbal'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a> (in French). Retrieved 5 June 2020. <q>Dans le chapitre sur les symboles graphiques, Isidore évoque la diplè (chevron, en grec) : ' > Diplè : nos copistes placent ce signe dans les livres des gens d'Eglise pour séparer ou pour signaler les citations tirées des Saintes Ecritures.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Deux-points+et+guillemets%3A+Le+%27proc%C3%A8s-verbal%27&rft.date=2009-08-07&rft.aulast=Uribe+Echeverria&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Fculture%2Fdeux-points-et-guillemets-le-proces-verbal_779087.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Etymologiarum_libri_XX/Liber_I#XXI.">Etymologiarum libri XX/Liber I</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113634/https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Etymologiarum_libri_XX/Liber_I#XXI.">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020 – via Wikisource.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymologiarum+libri+XX%2FLiber+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FEtymologiarum_libri_XX%2FLiber_I%23XXI.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guilles-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guilles_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guilles_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guilles_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuy.be/orthotypo/orthotypo_guilles.php">"Conseils de typographie: Les guillemets"</a> [Typography Tips: Quotation marks]. cuy.be. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806180412/http://www.cuy.be/orthotypo/orthotypo_guilles.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cuy.be&rft.atitle=Conseils+de+typographie%3A+Les+guillemets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuy.be%2Forthotypo%2Forthotypo_guilles.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Castellani-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Castellani_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Castellani_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Castellani_8-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastellani2008" class="citation book cs1">Castellani, Giordano (2008). Füssel, Stephan (ed.). Francesco Filelfo's "Orationes et Opuscula", 1483/1484. The first example of quotation marks in print?. Wiesbaden: <a href="/wiki/Harrassowitz_Verlag" title="Harrassowitz Verlag">Harrassowitz Verlag</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Francesco+Filelfo%27s+%22Orationes+et+Opuscula%22%2C+1483%2F1484.+The+first+example+of+quotation+marks+in+print%3F&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Castellani&rft.aufirst=Giordano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-design_et_typo-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-design_et_typo_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-design_et_typo_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-design_et_typo_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabor" class="citation web cs1">Gabor, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016042122/http://paris.blog.lemonde.fr/2007/10/14/guillemets-anglais-ou-guillemets-francais-un-choix-graphique-aussi/">"Guillemets anglais ou guillemets français – Un choix graphique, aussi"</a>. design et typo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paris.blog.lemonde.fr/2007/10/14/guillemets-anglais-ou-guillemets-francais-un-choix-graphique-aussi/">the original</a> on 16 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=design+et+typo&rft.atitle=Guillemets+anglais+ou+guillemets+fran%C3%A7ais+%E2%80%93+Un+choix+graphique%2C+aussi&rft.aulast=Gabor&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparis.blog.lemonde.fr%2F2007%2F10%2F14%2Fguillemets-anglais-ou-guillemets-francais-un-choix-graphique-aussi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielsBright1996" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA589&lpg=PA589&dq=punctuation+in+Cherokee&source=bl&ots=9dJwmkgX8y&sig=7r_uEB9cNnhxPvSGKYUbaisb4ms&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjO26u4subdAhWszIUKHZ5uBMEQ6AEwEnoECFEQAQ#v=onepage&q=punctuation%20in%20Cherokee&f=false">The World's Writing Systems</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 589. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195079937" title="Special:BookSources/9780195079937"><bdi>9780195079937</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pages=589&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780195079937&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rft.au=Bright%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DospMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA589%26lpg%3DPA589%26dq%3Dpunctuation%2Bin%2BCherokee%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3D9dJwmkgX8y%26sig%3D7r_uEB9cNnhxPvSGKYUbaisb4ms%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjO26u4subdAhWszIUKHZ5uBMEQ6AEwEnoECFEQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dpunctuation%2520in%2520Cherokee%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deccan-Kelkar-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Deccan-Kelkar_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelkar1990" class="citation journal cs1">Kelkar, Ashok R. (31 January 1990). "Punctuation and other marks in marathi writing : a functional analysis". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 50. <a href="/wiki/Pune,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Pune, India">Pune, India</a>: Vice Chancellor, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute (<a href="/wiki/Deemed_university" title="Deemed university">deemed university</a>): 263–75. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0045-9801">0045-9801</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42931389">42931389</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/564132924">564132924</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Deccan+College+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Punctuation+and+other+marks+in+marathi+writing+%3A+a+functional+analysis&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=263-75&rft.date=1990-01-31&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F564132924&rft.issn=0045-9801&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42931389%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kelkar&rft.aufirst=Ashok+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Walker_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2000" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Sue (2000). Typography & Language in Everyday Life: Prescriptions and Practices (Language in Social Life). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780582357556" title="Special:BookSources/9780582357556"><bdi>9780582357556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Typography+%26+Language+in+Everyday+Life%3A+Prescriptions+and+Practices+%28Language+in+Social+Life%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780582357556&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englishproject.org/resources/english-project’s-history-english-punctuation">"The English Project's History of English Punctuation"</a>. www.englishproject.org. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622215537/http://www.englishproject.org/resources/english-project%E2%80%99s-history-english-punctuation">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.englishproject.org&rft.atitle=The+English+Project%27s+History+of+English+Punctuation&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishproject.org%2Fresources%2Fenglish-project%E2%80%99s-history-english-punctuation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> Revised text of a lecture given on 13 October 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowlerFowler1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watson_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Watson Fowler">Fowler, Henry Watson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_George_Fowler" title="Francis George Fowler">Fowler, Francis George</a> (1999) [1908]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/116/406.html">"IV. Punctuation – Quotation Marks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_English" title="The King's English">The King's English</a> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622193225/https://www.bartleby.com/116/406.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018 – via Bartleby.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IV.+Punctuation+%E2%80%93+Quotation+Marks&rft.btitle=The+King%27s+English&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Henry+Watson&rft.au=Fowler%2C+Francis+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F116%2F406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://style.mla.org/punctuation-and-quotation-marks/">"Why do periods and commas go inside quotation marks in MLA style?"</a>. The MLA Style Center. Modern Language Association of America. 1 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008011122/https://style.mla.org/punctuation-and-quotation-marks/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+MLA+Style+Center&rft.atitle=Why+do+periods+and+commas+go+inside+quotation+marks+in+MLA+style%3F&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstyle.mla.org%2Fpunctuation-and-quotation-marks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Chelsea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/08/punctuating-around-quotation-marks.html">"APA Style 6th Edition Blog: Punctuating Around Quotation Marks"</a>. blog.apastyle.org. 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Retrieved 25 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korean.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%EB%A7%9E%EC%B6%A4%EB%B2%95+-+%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9B%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.korean.go.kr%2Ffront%2Fpage%2FpageView.do%3Fpage_id%3DP000199%26mn_id%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> According to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/9/b/d9b3b746-78ec-4049-bc43-c0f744199f71/lit-ltu-StyleGuide.pdf">Microsoft Lithuanian Style Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190124205442/http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/9/b/d9b3b746-78ec-4049-bc43-c0f744199f71/lit-ltu-StyleGuide.pdf">Archived</a> 24 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lithuanian quotation marks are low-99 high-66 style only. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lojban.github.io/cll/19/9/">"Putting It All Together: Notes on the Structure of Lojban Texts"</a>. The Lojban Reference Grammar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161206031102/https://lojban.github.io/cll/19/9/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lojban+Reference+Grammar&rft.atitle=Putting+It+All+Together%3A+Notes+on+the+Structure+of+Lojban+Texts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flojban.github.io%2Fcll%2F19%2F9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mw.lojban.org/papri/quoting_text_in_another_language">"Quoting text in another language"</a>. mw.Lojban.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107003953/https://mw.lojban.org/papri/quoting_text_in_another_language">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mw.Lojban.org&rft.atitle=Quoting+text+in+another+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmw.lojban.org%2Fpapri%2Fquoting_text_in_another_language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mk-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mk_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mk_67-1">b</a> pp. 141-143, Правопис на македонскиот литературен јазик, Б. Видеоски etal., Просветно Дело-Скопје (2007) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Inferred from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/mn.html#mn-Mong-t-k0-windows">keyboard layout</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042806/http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/mn.html#mn-Mong-t-k0-windows">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=325">fonts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305041908/https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=325">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Mongolian Baiti font shows the wrong direction. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Inferred from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/khb.html#khb-t-k0-windows">keyboard layout</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305043236/http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/khb.html#khb-t-k0-windows">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=377">fonts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305113258/https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=377">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korrekturavdelingen.no/anforselstegn.htm">"Anførselstegn (sitattegn): Slik bruker du anførselstegn i norsk"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180604194307/http://www.korrekturavdelingen.no/anforselstegn.htm">Archived</a> 4 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Korrekturavdelingen, Retrieved on 30 May 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Inferred from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/ps.html">keyboard layout</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042818/http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/ps.html">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-pt-aspas-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pt-aspas_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt-aspas_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prof2000.pt/users/primavera/d33_aspas.htm">"Aspas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aspas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prof2000.pt%2Fusers%2Fprimavera%2Fd33_aspas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pt-DT-76"><a href="#cite_ref-pt-DT_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dt.dge.mec.pt/index.php?id=n594">"Dicionário Terminológico para consulta em linha"</a>. dt.dge.mec.pt (in Portuguese). Governo de Portugal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902073043/http://dt.dge.mec.pt/index.php?id=n594">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dt.dge.mec.pt&rft.atitle=Dicion%C3%A1rio+Terminol%C3%B3gico+para+consulta+em+linha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdt.dge.mec.pt%2Findex.php%3Fid%3Dn594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt_77-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/a-curvatura-das-aspas/33791">"A curvatura das aspas"</a>. Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161209022018/https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/a-curvatura-das-aspas/33791">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ciberd%C3%BAvidas+da+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft.atitle=A+curvatura+das+aspas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt%2Fconsultorio%2Fperguntas%2Fa-curvatura-das-aspas%2F33791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/as-aspas-em-linha--e-as-aspas-elevadas-/30497">"As aspas em linha («») e as aspas elevadas ("")"</a>. Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110014922/https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/as-aspas-em-linha--e-as-aspas-elevadas-/30497">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ciberd%C3%BAvidas+da+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft.atitle=As+aspas+em+linha+%28%C2%AB%C2%BB%29+e+as+aspas+elevadas+%28%E2%80%9C%E2%80%9D%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt%2Fconsultorio%2Fperguntas%2Fas-aspas-em-linha--e-as-aspas-elevadas-%2F30497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-infopedia-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infopedia_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-infopedia_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/aspas">"Definição ou significado de aspas no Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa"</a>. Infopédia – Dicionários Porto Editora (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125051548/https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/aspas">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infop%C3%A9dia+%E2%80%93+Dicion%C3%A1rios+Porto+Editora&rft.atitle=Defini%C3%A7%C3%A3o+ou+significado+de+aspas+no+Dicion%C3%A1rio+Infop%C3%A9dia+da+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infopedia.pt%2Fdicionarios%2Flingua-portuguesa%2Faspas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pt-Prontuário_Ortográfico-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pt-Prontuário_Ortográfico_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt-Prontuário_Ortográfico_80-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt-Prontuário_Ortográfico_80-2">c</a> Bergström, Magnus, & Neves Reis 2004. Prontuário Ortográfico e Guia da Língua Portuguesa. Editorial Notícias, Lisboa. </li> <li id="cite_note-ioop-81"><a href="#cite_ref-ioop_81-0">^</a> Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan“, Îndreptar ortografic, ortoepic și de punctuație, ediția a V-a, Univers Enciclopedic, București, 1995 </li> <li id="cite_note-sr-pravopis-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sr-pravopis_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr-pravopis_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPižuricaPešikanJerković2010" class="citation book cs1">Pižurica, Mato; Pešikan, Mitar; Jerković, Jovan (2010). Pravopis srpskoga jezika (4th ed.). 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Real Academia Española. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526180201/http://lema.rae.es/dpd/?key=comillas">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diccionario+Panhisp%C3%A1nico+de+Dudas&rft.atitle=Comillas&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flema.rae.es%2Fdpd%2F%3Fkey%3Dcomillas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sv-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sv_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sv_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023201541/http://www.spraknamnden.se/fragor/arkiv_sprakrad_05.htm">"Veckans språkråd"</a>. Spraknamnden.se. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spraknamnden.se/fragor/arkiv_sprakrad_05.htm#rakacitattecken">the original</a> on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Veckans+spr%C3%A5kr%C3%A5d&rft.pub=Spraknamnden.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spraknamnden.se%2Ffragor%2Farkiv_sprakrad_05.htm%23rakacitattecken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Inferred from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/khb.html#khb-Tale-t-k0-windows">keyboard layout</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305043236/http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/khb.html#khb-Tale-t-k0-windows">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=383">fonts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305040759/https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=383">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Inferred from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=377https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=321">fonts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305041649/https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=377https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Ftypography%2Ffonts%2Ffamily.aspx%3FFID%3D321">Archived</a> 5 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-tr-87"><a href="#cite_ref-tr_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187/">"Noktalama İşaretleri (Açıklamalar)"</a>. Türk Dil Kurumu (in Turkish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190124205437/http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=T%C3%BCrk+Dil+Kurumu&rft.atitle=Noktalama+%C4%B0%C5%9Faretleri+%28A%C3%A7%C4%B1klamalar%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdk.gov.tr%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D187%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-uk-1-88"><a href="#cite_ref-uk-1_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020052812/http://www.inmo.org.ua/news/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83.-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82.html">"Інститут мовознавства ім. О.О.Потебні | Нова редакція «Українського правопису». Повний текст"</a>. INMO.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inmo.org.ua/news/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83.-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82.html">the original</a> on 20 October 2020. 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Retrieved 22 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=Windows+Keyboard+Layouts&rft.date=2017-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fglobalization%2Fwindows-keyboard-layouts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMéñshykov" class="citation web cs1">Méñshykov, Ihor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsymbols.com/keyboard/windows/alt-codes/list/">"Alt codes list ☺♥♪ keyboard symbols"</a>. fsymbols.com. Retrieved 8 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fsymbols.com&rft.atitle=Alt+codes+list+%E2%98%BA%E2%99%A5%E2%99%AA+keyboard+symbols&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9%C3%B1shykov&rft.aufirst=Ihor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffsymbols.com%2Fkeyboard%2Fwindows%2Falt-codes%2Flist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unicode-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_112-17">r</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/index.html">"Keyboard Layout Index"</a>. Unicode.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207040750/http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/30/keyboards/layouts/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode.org&rft.atitle=Keyboard+Layout+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcldr%2Fcharts%2F30%2Fkeyboards%2Flayouts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/windows-keyboard-layouts">"Armenian Eastern (Legacy) Keyboard Layout"</a>. Microsoft Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526090150/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/windows-keyboard-layouts">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=Armenian+Eastern+%28Legacy%29+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fglobalization%2Fwindows-keyboard-layouts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012104817/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdca.html">"Canadian French Keyboard Layout"</a>. Microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdca.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Canadian+French+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bepo.fr/wiki/Accueil">"Disposition de clavier bépo"</a>. BEPO.fr (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511162425/http://bepo.fr/wiki/Accueil">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BEPO.fr&rft.atitle=Disposition+de+clavier+b%C3%A9po&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbepo.fr%2Fwiki%2FAccueil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319015819/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdhe319.html">"Greek (319) Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdhe319.html">the original</a> on 19 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Greek+%28319%29+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdhe319.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207114239/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdlv.html">"Latvian Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdlv.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Latvian+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdlv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207114230/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdpash.html">"Pashto (Afghanistan) Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdpash.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Pashto+%28Afghanistan%29+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdpash.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215065913/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdfa.html">"Persian Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdfa.html">the original</a> on 15 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Persian+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdfa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621050157/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdpo.html">"Portuguese Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdpo.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Portuguese+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdpo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207114237/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdsyr1.html">"Syriac Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdsyr1.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Syriac+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdsyr1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111112225/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdughr1.html">"Uyghur Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdughr1.html">the original</a> on 11 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Uyghur+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdughr1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207114216/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdmonmo.html">"Mongolian (Mongolian Script) Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdmonmo.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Mongolian+%28Mongolian+Script%29+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdmonmo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207114225/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdbgph.html">"Bulgarian (Phonetic) Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdbgph.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Bulgarian+%28Phonetic%29+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdbgph.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422001446/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdgeo.html">"Georgian Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdgeo.html">the original</a> on 22 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Georgian+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdgeo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207114234/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdmacst.html">"Macedonian (FYROM) – Standard Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdmacst.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Macedonian+%28FYROM%29+%E2%80%93+Standard+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdmacst.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024210701/https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdrost.html">"Romanian (Standard) Keyboard Layout"</a>. www.microsoft.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/msdn/goglobal/keyboards/kbdrost.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Romanian+%28Standard%29+Keyboard+Layout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fresources%2Fmsdn%2Fgoglobal%2Fkeyboards%2Fkbdrost.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch06/psec117.html">"Smart" apostrophes</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style" title="The Chicago Manual of Style">The Chicago Manual of Style</a> Online (17th ed.). Part 2, Chapter 6.117. Retrieved 3 January 2019. Subscription required (free trial available). </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/PropList.txt">"Unicode 16.0 UCD: PropList.txt"</a>. 31 May 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+16.0+UCD%3A+PropList.txt&rft.date=2024-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FUCD%2Flatest%2Fucd%2FPropList.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenbag.org/v12n3/v12n3_collins.pdf">"M'Culloch and the Turned Comma"</a> (PDF). The Green Bag Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023612/http://www.greenbag.org/v12n3/v12n3_collins.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%27Culloch+and+the+Turned+Comma&rft.pub=The+Green+Bag+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenbag.org%2Fv12n3%2Fv12n3_collins.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuotation+mark" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quotation_marks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quotation marks">Quotation marks</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/quotes-in-html.html">"Curling Quotes in HTML, SGML, and XML"</a>, David A Wheeler (2017)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/quotes.html">"ASCII and Unicode quotation marks"</a> by Markus Kuhn (1999) – includes detailed discussion of the ASCII 'backquote' problem</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juvalamu.com/qmarks/">The Gallery of "Misused" Quotation Marks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~ggbaker/reference/characters/">"Commonly confused characters"</a>, Greg's References Pages, Greg Baker (2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pensee.com/dunham/smartQuotes.html">"Smart Quotes"</a>, David Dunham (2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/9867/how-to-type-smart-quotes-u201c-u201d">"How to type “smart quotes” (U+201C, U+201D)"</a>, on Unix/Linux, at Stack Exchange</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.englishgrammar.org/?s=quotation+marks">Index of quotation-marks-related material</a> at the EnglishGrammar website</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208040425/http://marcautret.free.fr/sigma/pratik/typo/guilles/index.php">"Œuvrez les guillemets"</a> (in French), Pauline Morfouace (2002) – French quotation mark typography</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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title="Margin (typography)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_numbering" title="Page numbering">Page numbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagination" title="Pagination">Pagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_quote" title="Pull quote">Pull quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recto_and_verso" title="Recto and verso">Recto and verso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentionally_blank_page" title="Intentionally blank page">Intentionally blank page</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paragraph" title="Paragraph">Paragraph</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typographic_alignment" title="Typographic alignment">Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading" title="Leading">Leading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_length" title="Line length">Line length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_(typography)" title="River (typography)">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaround_(typography)" title="Runaround (typography)">Runaround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widows_and_orphans" title="Widows and orphans">Widows and orphans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runt_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runt (typography)">runt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy" title="Typeface anatomy">Typeface anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">Dingbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Glyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ink_trap" title="Ink trap">Ink trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotated_letter" title="Rotated letter">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscript_and_superscript" title="Subscript and superscript">Subscript and superscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">Swash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">Text figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittle" title="Tittle">Tittle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">Capitalization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_caps" title="All caps">All caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_case" title="Camel case">Camel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial" title="Initial">Initial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">Letter case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">Small caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_case" title="Snake case">Snake case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_case" title="Title case">Title case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Visual distinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold" title="Blackboard bold">Blackboard bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">Italics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_type" title="Oblique type">Oblique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">Underline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Horizontal aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_space" title="Figure space">Figure space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">Kerning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter-spacing" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter-spacing">Letter-spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(typewriter)" title="Pitch (typewriter)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentence_spacing" title="Sentence spacing">Sentence spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_space" title="Thin space">Thin space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_spacing" title="Word spacing">Word spacing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Vertical aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">Ascender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">Baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_height_(typography)" title="Body height (typography)">Body height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_height" title="Cap height">Cap height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">Descender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_line" title="Mean line">Mean line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overshoot_(typography)" title="Overshoot (typography)">Overshoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">Typeface classifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">Roman type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiqua_(typeface_class)" title="Antiqua (typeface class)">Antiqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didone_(typography)" title="Didone (typography)">Didone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_serif" title="Slab serif">slab serif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwabacher" title="Schwabacher">Schwabacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Specialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Record_type" title="Record type">Record type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">Display typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Script_typeface" title="Script typeface">script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_face" title="Fat face">fat face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse-contrast_typefaces" title="Reverse-contrast typefaces">reverse-contrast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">Bullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_punctuation" title="Hanging punctuation">Hanging punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">Hyphen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">minus sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">Interpunct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">Vertical bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" title="Etaoin shrdlu">Etaoin shrdlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">Font</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_catalog" title="Font catalog">Font catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_position_only" title="For position only">For position only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterpress_printing" title="Letterpress printing">Letterpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum">Lorem ipsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microprinting" title="Microprinting">Microprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtypography" title="Microtypography">Microtypography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">Pangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">Phototypesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punchcutting" title="Punchcutting">Punchcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_type" title="Reversing type">Reversing type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">Sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_color" title="Type color">Type color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">Typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces" title="List of typefaces">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typographic_unit" title="Typographic unit">Typographic units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_(typography)" title="Agate (typography)">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero_(typography)" title="Cicero (typography)">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Em_(typography)" title="Em (typography)">Em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_(typography)" title="En (typography)">En</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_typographic_units" title="Metric typographic units">Metric units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pica_(typography)" title="Pica (typography)">Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_(typography)" title="Point (typography)">Point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_point-size_names" title="Traditional point-size names">traditional point-size names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital typography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_hinting" title="Font hinting">Hinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_rasterization" title="Font rasterization">Rasterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographic_features" title="List of typographic features">Typographic features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_typography" title="Web typography">Web typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Fonts" title="Bézier curve">Bézier curves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">Desktop publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Typography in other writing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_typography" title="Arabic typography">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_typography" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic typography">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Fonts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">East Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_typography" title="Thai typography">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fonts" title="National Fonts">National Fonts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penmanship" title="Penmanship">Penmanship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting" title="Handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">Handwriting script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">Style guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Type foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_typography" title="History of Western typography">History of Western typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces" title="Intellectual property protection of typefaces">Intellectual property protection of typefaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Vox-ATypI classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related template</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation">Punctuation and other typographic symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Typography" title="Category:Typography">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>      <a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a> </li> <li>  ,   <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> </li> <li>  :   <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> </li> <li>  ;   <a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a> </li> <li>  ‐   <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a> </li> <li>  ’   '   <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> </li> <li>  ′   ″   ‴   <a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a> </li> <li>  .   <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  &   <a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a> </li> <li>  @   <a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a> </li> <li>  ^   <a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a> </li> <li>  /   <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a> </li> <li>  \   <a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a> </li> <li>  …   <a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a> </li> <li>  *   <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> </li> <li>  ※   <a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a> </li> <li>  ⁂   <a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a> </li> <li>    *  *  *      <a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  -   <a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a> </li> <li>  ‒   –   —   <a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a> </li> <li>  ⹀   ⸗   <a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  ?   <a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a> </li> <li>  !   <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a> </li> <li>  ‽   <a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a> </li> <li>  ¡   ¿   <a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a> </li> <li>  ⸮   <a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  #   <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a> </li> <li>  №   <a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a> </li> <li>  º   ª   <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a> </li> <li>  %   <a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a> </li> <li>  ‰   <a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a> </li> <li>  ‱   <a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a> </li> <li>  °   <a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a> </li> <li>  ⌀   <a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  +   −   <a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a> </li> <li>  ×   <a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a> </li> <li>  ÷   <a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a> </li> <li>  ~   <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a> </li> <li>  ±   <a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a> </li> <li>  ∓   <a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a> </li> <li>  √   <a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  _   <a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a> </li> <li>  ⁀   <a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a> </li> <li>  |   ¦   ‖   <a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a> </li> <li>  •   <a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a> </li> <li>  ·   <a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  ©   <a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a> </li> <li>  ℗   <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a> </li> <li>  ®   <a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a> </li> <li>  SM   <a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a> </li> <li>  TM   <a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  ‘ ’   “ ”   ' '   " "   <a class="mw-selflink selflink">quotation mark</a> </li> <li>  ‹ ›   « »   <a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a> </li> <li>  ( )   [ ]   { }   ⟨ ⟩   <a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a> </li> <li>  ”   <a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  †   ‡   <a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a> </li> <li>  ❧   <a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus) </li> <li>  ☞   <a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a> </li> <li>  ◊   ⌑   <a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a> </li> <li>  ¶   ⸿   <a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark) </li> <li>  §   <a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&oldid=1256149035">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quotation_mark&oldid=1256149035</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Punctuation" title="Category:Punctuation">Punctuation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Typographical_symbols" 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