Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol, Sub-technique T1021.001 - Enterprise

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The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.</p><p>Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016."data-reference="TechNet Remote Desktop Services"><sup><a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p><p>Adversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the <a href="/techniques/T1546/008">Accessibility Features</a> or <a href="/techniques/T1505/005">Terminal Services DLL</a> for Persistence.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014."data-reference="Alperovitch Malware"><sup><a href="http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1021.001 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-technique of: </span> <a href="/techniques/T1021">T1021</a> </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/tactics/TA0008">Lateral Movement</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>Windows </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="Additional information on requirements the adversary needs to meet or about the state of the system (software, patch level, etc.) that may be required for the (sub-)technique to work">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">System Requirements: </span>RDP service enabled, account in the Remote Desktop Users group </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors: </span>Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>1.2 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>11 February 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>07 August 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1021.001" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1021/001/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1021.001" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1021/001/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1030"> G1030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1030"> Agrius </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1030">Agrius</a> tunnels RDP traffic through deployed web shells to access victim environments via compromised accounts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Amitai Ben & Shushan Ehrlich. (2021, May). From Wiper to Ransomware: The Evolution of Agrius. Retrieved May 21, 2024."data-reference="SentinelOne Agrius 2021"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs/evol-agrius" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span> <a href="/groups/G1030">Agrius</a> used the Plink tool to tunnel RDP connections for remote access and lateral movement in victim environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Or Chechik, Tom Fakterman, Daniel Frank & Assaf Dahan. (2023, November 6). Agonizing Serpens (Aka Agrius) Targeting the Israeli Higher Education and Tech Sectors. Retrieved May 22, 2024."data-reference="Unit42 Agrius 2023"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/agonizing-serpens-targets-israeli-tech-higher-ed-sectors/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0006"> G0006 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0006"> APT1 </a> </td> <td> <p>The <a href="/groups/G0006">APT1</a> group is known to have used RDP during operations.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FireEye Labs. (2014, May 20). The PLA and the 8:00am-5:00pm Work Day: FireEye Confirms DOJ’s Findings on APT1 Intrusion Activity. Retrieved November 4, 2014."data-reference="FireEye PLA"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/05/the-pla-and-the-800am-500pm-work-day-fireeye-confirms-dojs-findings-on-apt1-intrusion-activity.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0022"> G0022 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0022"> APT3 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0022">APT3</a> enables the Remote Desktop Protocol for persistence.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-6') id="scite-ref-6-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017."data-reference="aptsim"><sup><a href="http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="5" aria-describedby="qtip-5">[6]</a></sup></span> <a href="/groups/G0022">APT3</a> has also interacted with compromised systems to browse and copy files through RDP sessions.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Glyer, C. (2018, April 14). @cglyer Status Update. Retrieved September 12, 2024."data-reference="Twitter Cglyer Status Update APT3 eml"><sup><a href="https://x.com/cglyer/status/985311489782374400" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0087"> G0087 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0087"> APT39 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0087">APT39</a> has been seen using RDP for lateral movement and persistence, in some cases employing the rdpwinst tool for mangement of multiple sessions.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-8') id="scite-ref-8-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."data-reference="FireEye APT39 Jan 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="7" aria-describedby="qtip-7">[8]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-9') id="scite-ref-9-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."data-reference="BitDefender Chafer May 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="8" aria-describedby="qtip-8">[9]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0096"> G0096 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0096"> APT41 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0096">APT41</a> used RDP for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-10') id="scite-ref-10-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."data-reference="FireEye APT41 Aug 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2022-02/rt-apt41-dual-operation.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="9" aria-describedby="qtip-9">[10]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-11') id="scite-ref-11-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."data-reference="Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020"><sup><a href="https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="10" aria-describedby="qtip-10">[11]</a></sup></span> <a href="/groups/G0096">APT41</a> used NATBypass to expose local RDP ports on compromised systems to the Internet.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-12') id="scite-ref-12-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DCSO CyTec Blog. (2022, December 24). APT41 — The spy who failed to encrypt me. Retrieved June 13, 2024."data-reference="apt41_dcsocytec_dec2022"><sup><a href="https://medium.com/@DCSO_CyTec/apt41-the-spy-who-failed-to-encrypt-me-24fc0f49cad1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="11" aria-describedby="qtip-11">[12]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1023"> G1023 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1023"> APT5 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1023">APT5</a> has moved laterally throughout victim environments using RDP.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-13') id="scite-ref-13-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Perez, D. et al. (2021, May 27). Re-Checking Your Pulse: Updates on Chinese APT Actors Compromising Pulse Secure VPN Devices. Retrieved February 5, 2024."data-reference="Mandiant Pulse Secure Update May 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/updates-on-chinese-apt-compromising-pulse-secure-vpn-devices" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="12" aria-describedby="qtip-12">[13]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0143"> G0143 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0143"> Aquatic Panda </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0143">Aquatic Panda</a> leveraged stolen credentials to move laterally via RDP in victim environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-14') id="scite-ref-14-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CrowdStrike. (2023). 2022 Falcon OverWatch Threat Hunting Report. Retrieved May 20, 2024."data-reference="Crowdstrike HuntReport 2022"><sup><a href="https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/2022OverWatchThreatHuntingReport.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="13" aria-describedby="qtip-13">[14]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0001"> G0001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0001"> Axiom </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0001">Axiom</a> has used RDP during operations.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-15') id="scite-ref-15-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."data-reference="Novetta-Axiom"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115144216/http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="14" aria-describedby="qtip-14">[15]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0108"> G0108 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0108"> Blue Mockingbird </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0108">Blue Mockingbird</a> has used Remote Desktop to log on to servers interactively and manually copy files to remote hosts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-16') id="scite-ref-16-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."data-reference="RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020"><sup><a href="https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="15" aria-describedby="qtip-15">[16]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0015"> C0015 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0015"> C0015 </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0015">C0015</a>, the threat actors used RDP to access specific network hosts of interest.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-17') id="scite-ref-17-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DFIR Report. (2021, November 29). CONTInuing the Bazar Ransomware Story. Retrieved September 29, 2022."data-reference="DFIR Conti Bazar Nov 2021"><sup><a href="https://thedfirreport.com/2021/11/29/continuing-the-bazar-ransomware-story/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="16" aria-describedby="qtip-16">[17]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0018"> C0018 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0018"> C0018 </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0018">C0018</a>, the threat actors opened a variety of ports to establish RDP connections, including ports 28035, 32467, 41578, and 46892.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-18') id="scite-ref-18-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Costa, F. (2022, May 1). RaaS AvosLocker Incident Response Analysis. Retrieved January 11, 2023."data-reference="Costa AvosLocker May 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/raas-avoslocker-incident-response-analysis-fl%C3%A1vio-costa?trk=articles_directory" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="17" aria-describedby="qtip-17">[18]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0032"> C0032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0032"> C0032 </a> </td> <td> <p>During the <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0032">C0032</a> campaign, <a href="/groups/G0088">TEMP.Veles</a> utilized RDP throughout an operation.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-19') id="scite-ref-19-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019."data-reference="FireEye TRITON 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="18" aria-describedby="qtip-18">[19]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0030"> S0030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0030"> Carbanak </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0030">Carbanak</a> enables concurrent Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) sessions.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-20') id="scite-ref-20-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018."data-reference="FireEye CARBANAK June 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="19" aria-describedby="qtip-19">[20]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0114"> G0114 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0114"> Chimera </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0114">Chimera</a> has used RDP to access targeted systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-21') id="scite-ref-21-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020.."data-reference="Cycraft Chimera April 2020"><sup><a href="https://cycraft.com/download/CyCraft-Whitepaper-Chimera_V4.1.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="20" aria-describedby="qtip-20">[21]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0080"> G0080 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0080"> Cobalt Group </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0080">Cobalt Group</a> has used Remote Desktop Protocol to conduct lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-22') id="scite-ref-22-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018."data-reference="Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="21" aria-describedby="qtip-21">[22]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0154"> S0154 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0154"> Cobalt Strike </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0154">Cobalt Strike</a> can start a VNC-based remote desktop server and tunnel the connection through the already established C2 channel.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-23') id="scite-ref-23-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Strategic Cyber LLC. (2017, March 14). Cobalt Strike Manual. Retrieved May 24, 2017."data-reference="cobaltstrike manual"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825130434/https://cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual38.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="22" aria-describedby="qtip-22">[23]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-24') id="scite-ref-24-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cybereason. (2022, August 17). Bumblebee Loader – The High Road to Enterprise Domain Control. Retrieved August 29, 2022."data-reference="Cybereason Bumblebee August 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-analysis-report-bumblebee-loader-the-high-road-to-enterprise-domain-control" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="23" aria-describedby="qtip-23">[24]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0029"> C0029 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0029"> Cutting Edge </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0029">Cutting Edge</a>, threat actors used RDP with compromised credentials for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-25') id="scite-ref-25-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Meltzer, M. et al. (2024, January 10). Active Exploitation of Two Zero-Day Vulnerabilities in Ivanti Connect Secure VPN. Retrieved February 27, 2024."data-reference="Volexity Ivanti Zero-Day Exploitation January 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2024/01/10/active-exploitation-of-two-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-ivanti-connect-secure-vpn/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="24" aria-describedby="qtip-24">[25]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0334"> S0334 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0334"> DarkComet </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0334">DarkComet</a> can open an active screen of the victim’s machine and take control of the mouse and keyboard.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-26') id="scite-ref-26-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018."data-reference="Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"><sup><a href="https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="25" aria-describedby="qtip-25">[26]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0035"> G0035 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0035"> Dragonfly </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0035">Dragonfly</a> has moved laterally via RDP.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-27') id="scite-ref-27-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018."data-reference="US-CERT TA18-074A"><sup><a href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="26" aria-describedby="qtip-26">[27]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0051"> G0051 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0051"> FIN10 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0051">FIN10</a> has used RDP to move laterally to systems in the victim environment.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-28') id="scite-ref-28-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017."data-reference="FireEye FIN10 June 2017"><sup><a href="https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="27" aria-describedby="qtip-27">[28]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1016"> G1016 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1016"> FIN13 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1016">FIN13</a> has remotely accessed compromised environments via Remote Desktop Services (RDS) for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-29') id="scite-ref-29-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ta, V., et al. (2022, August 8). FIN13: A Cybercriminal Threat Actor Focused on Mexico. Retrieved February 9, 2023."data-reference="Mandiant FIN13 Aug 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/fin13-cybercriminal-mexico" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="28" aria-describedby="qtip-28">[29]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0037"> G0037 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0037"> FIN6 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0037">FIN6</a> used RDP to move laterally in victim networks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-30') id="scite-ref-30-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016."data-reference="FireEye FIN6 April 2016"><sup><a href="https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="29" aria-describedby="qtip-29">[30]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-31') id="scite-ref-31-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019."data-reference="FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="30" aria-describedby="qtip-30">[31]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0046"> G0046 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0046"> FIN7 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0046">FIN7</a> has used RDP to move laterally in victim environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-32') id="scite-ref-32-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021."data-reference="CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/carbon-spider-embraces-big-game-hunting-part-1/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="31" aria-describedby="qtip-31">[32]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0061"> G0061 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0061"> FIN8 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0061">FIN8</a> has used RDP for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-33') id="scite-ref-33-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018."data-reference="FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"><sup><a href="https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="32" aria-describedby="qtip-32">[33]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0117"> G0117 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0117"> Fox Kitten </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0117">Fox Kitten</a> has used RDP to log in and move laterally in the target environment.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-34') id="scite-ref-34-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."data-reference="CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020"><sup><a href="https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="33" aria-describedby="qtip-33">[34]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-35') id="scite-ref-35-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware – A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."data-reference="ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="34" aria-describedby="qtip-34">[35]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1001"> G1001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1001"> HEXANE </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1001">HEXANE</a> has used remote desktop sessions for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-36') id="scite-ref-36-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SecureWorks 2019, August 27 LYCEUM Takes Center Stage in Middle East Campaign Retrieved. 2019/11/19 "data-reference="SecureWorks August 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lyceum-takes-center-stage-in-middle-east-campaign" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="35" aria-describedby="qtip-35">[36]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0038"> C0038 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0038"> HomeLand Justice </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0038">HomeLand Justice</a>, threat actors primarily used RDP for lateral movement in the victim environment.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-37') id="scite-ref-37-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA. (2022, September 23). AA22-264A Iranian State Actors Conduct Cyber Operations Against the Government of Albania. Retrieved August 6, 2024."data-reference="CISA Iran Albanian Attacks September 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-264a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="36" aria-describedby="qtip-36">[37]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-38') id="scite-ref-38-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC. (2022, September 8). Microsoft investigates Iranian attacks against the Albanian government. Retrieved August 6, 2024."data-reference="Microsoft Albanian Government Attacks September 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/09/08/microsoft-investigates-iranian-attacks-against-the-albanian-government/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="37" aria-describedby="qtip-37">[38]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0434"> S0434 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0434"> Imminent Monitor </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0434">Imminent Monitor</a> has a module for performing remote desktop access.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-39') id="scite-ref-39-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020."data-reference="QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="38" aria-describedby="qtip-38">[39]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1032"> G1032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1032"> INC Ransom </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1032">INC Ransom</a> has used RDP to move laterally.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-40') id="scite-ref-40-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cybereason Security Research Team. (2023, November 20). Threat Alert: INC Ransomware. Retrieved June 5, 2024."data-reference="Cybereason INC Ransomware November 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/threat-alert-inc-ransomware.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="39" aria-describedby="qtip-39">[40]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-41') id="scite-ref-41-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Team Huntress. (2023, August 11). Investigating New INC Ransom Group Activity. Retrieved June 5, 2024."data-reference="Huntress INC Ransom Group August 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.huntress.com/blog/investigating-new-inc-ransom-group-activity" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="40" aria-describedby="qtip-40">[41]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-42') id="scite-ref-42-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SOCRadar. (2024, January 24). Dark Web Profile: INC Ransom. Retrieved June 5, 2024."data-reference="SOCRadar INC Ransom January 2024"><sup><a href="https://socradar.io/dark-web-profile-inc-ransom/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="41" aria-describedby="qtip-41">[42]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-43') id="scite-ref-43-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Carvey, H. (2024, May 1). LOLBin to INC Ransomware. Retrieved June 5, 2024."data-reference="Huntress INC Ransomware May 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.huntress.com/blog/lolbin-to-inc-ransomware" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="42" aria-describedby="qtip-42">[43]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0119"> G0119 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0119"> Indrik Spider </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0119">Indrik Spider</a> has used RDP for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-44') id="scite-ref-44-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Mandiant Intelligence. (2022, June 2). To HADES and Back: UNC2165 Shifts to LOCKBIT to Evade Sanctions. Retrieved July 29, 2024."data-reference="Mandiant_UNC2165"><sup><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc2165-shifts-to-evade-sanctions/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="43" aria-describedby="qtip-43">[44]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0283"> S0283 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0283"> jRAT </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0283">jRAT</a> can support RDP control.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-45') id="scite-ref-45-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."data-reference="Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016"><sup><a href="https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="44" aria-describedby="qtip-44">[45]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0094"> G0094 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0094"> Kimsuky </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0094">Kimsuky</a> has used RDP for direct remote point-and-click access.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-46') id="scite-ref-46-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."data-reference="Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018"><sup><a href="https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="45" aria-describedby="qtip-45">[46]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0250"> S0250 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0250"> Koadic </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0250">Koadic</a> can enable remote desktop on the victim's machine.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-47') id="scite-ref-47-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved September 27, 2024."data-reference="Github Koadic"><sup><a href="https://github.com/offsecginger/koadic" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="46" aria-describedby="qtip-46">[47]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0032"> G0032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0032"> Lazarus Group </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0032">Lazarus Group</a> malware SierraCharlie uses RDP for propagation.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-48') id="scite-ref-48-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016."data-reference="Novetta Blockbuster"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160226161828/https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="47" aria-describedby="qtip-47">[48]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-49') id="scite-ref-49-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016."data-reference="Novetta Blockbuster RATs"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220608001455/https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="48" aria-describedby="qtip-48">[49]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0065"> G0065 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0065"> Leviathan </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0065">Leviathan</a> has targeted RDP credentials and used it to move through the victim environment.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-50') id="scite-ref-50-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Plan, F., et al. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."data-reference="FireEye APT40 March 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="49" aria-describedby="qtip-49">[50]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0059"> G0059 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0059"> Magic Hound </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0059">Magic Hound</a> has used Remote Desktop Services to copy tools on targeted systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-51') id="scite-ref-51-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DFIR Report. (2022, March 21). APT35 Automates Initial Access Using ProxyShell. Retrieved May 25, 2022."data-reference="DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022"><sup><a href="https://thedfirreport.com/2022/03/21/apt35-automates-initial-access-using-proxyshell" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="50" aria-describedby="qtip-50">[51]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-52') id="scite-ref-52-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DFIR Report. (2021, November 15). Exchange Exploit Leads to Domain Wide Ransomware. Retrieved January 5, 2023."data-reference="DFIR Phosphorus November 2021"><sup><a href="https://thedfirreport.com/2021/11/15/exchange-exploit-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="51" aria-describedby="qtip-51">[52]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0045"> G0045 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0045"> menuPass </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0045">menuPass</a> has used RDP connections to move across the victim network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-53') id="scite-ref-53-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017."data-reference="PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224041316/https:/www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="52" aria-describedby="qtip-52">[53]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-54') id="scite-ref-54-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."data-reference="District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="53" aria-describedby="qtip-53">[54]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0385"> S0385 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0385"> njRAT </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0385">njRAT</a> has a module for performing remote desktop access.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-55') id="scite-ref-55-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: "njRAT" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."data-reference="Fidelis njRAT June 2013"><sup><a href="https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="54" aria-describedby="qtip-54">[55]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0049"> G0049 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0049"> OilRig </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0049">OilRig</a> has used Remote Desktop Protocol for lateral movement. The group has also used tunneling tools to tunnel RDP into the environment.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-56') id="scite-ref-56-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Unit42. (2016, May 1). Evasive Serpens Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved February 6, 2023."data-reference="Unit42 OilRig Playbook 2023"><sup><a href="https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/?pb=evasive-serpens" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="55" aria-describedby="qtip-55">[56]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-57') id="scite-ref-57-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017."data-reference="FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="56" aria-describedby="qtip-56">[57]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-11') id="scite-ref-11-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."data-reference="Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020"><sup><a href="https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="10" aria-describedby="qtip-10">[11]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0040"> G0040 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0040"> Patchwork </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0040">Patchwork</a> attempted to use RDP to move laterally.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-58') id="scite-ref-58-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016."data-reference="Cymmetria Patchwork"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825085952/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="57" aria-describedby="qtip-57">[58]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0192"> S0192 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0192"> Pupy </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0192">Pupy</a> can enable/disable RDP connection and can start a remote desktop session using a browser web socket client.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-59') id="scite-ref-59-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018."data-reference="GitHub Pupy"><sup><a href="https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="58" aria-describedby="qtip-58">[59]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0583"> S0583 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0583"> Pysa </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0583">Pysa</a> has laterally moved using RDP connections.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-60') id="scite-ref-60-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021."data-reference="CERT-FR PYSA April 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2020-CTI-003.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="59" aria-describedby="qtip-59">[60]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0262"> S0262 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0262"> QuasarRAT </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0262">QuasarRAT</a> has a module for performing remote desktop access.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-61') id="scite-ref-61-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018."data-reference="GitHub QuasarRAT"><sup><a href="https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="60" aria-describedby="qtip-60">[61]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-62') id="scite-ref-62-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018."data-reference="Volexity Patchwork June 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="61" aria-describedby="qtip-61">[62]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0379"> S0379 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0379"> Revenge RAT </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0379">Revenge RAT</a> has a plugin to perform RDP access.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-63') id="scite-ref-63-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Livelli, K, et al. (2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. Retrieved May 1, 2019."data-reference="Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="62" aria-describedby="qtip-62">[63]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0461"> S0461 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0461"> SDBbot </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0461">SDBbot</a> has the ability to use RDP to connect to victim's machines.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-64') id="scite-ref-64-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."data-reference="Proofpoint TA505 October 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="63" aria-describedby="qtip-63">[64]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0382"> S0382 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0382"> ServHelper </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0382">ServHelper</a> has commands for adding a remote desktop user and sending RDP traffic to the attacker through a reverse SSH tunnel.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-65') id="scite-ref-65-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."data-reference="Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="64" aria-describedby="qtip-64">[65]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0091"> G0091 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0091"> Silence </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0091">Silence</a> has used RDP for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-66') id="scite-ref-66-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."data-reference="Group IB Silence Sept 2018"><sup><a href="https://go.group-ib.com/report-silence-en?_gl=1*d1bh3a*_ga*MTIwMzM5Mzc5MS4xNjk4OTI5NzY4*_ga_QMES53K3Y2*MTcwNDcyMjU2OS40LjEuMTcwNDcyMzU1Mi41My4wLjA." target="_blank" data-hasqtip="65" aria-describedby="qtip-65">[66]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0024"> C0024 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0024"> SolarWinds Compromise </a> </td> <td> <p>During the <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0024">SolarWinds Compromise</a>, <a href="/groups/G0016">APT29</a> used RDP sessions from public-facing systems to internal servers.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-67') id="scite-ref-67-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022."data-reference="CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="66" aria-describedby="qtip-66">[67]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1017"> G1017 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1017"> Volt Typhoon </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1017">Volt Typhoon</a> has moved laterally to the Domain Controller via RDP using a compromised account with domain administrator privileges.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-68') id="scite-ref-68-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA et al.. (2024, February 7). PRC State-Sponsored Actors Compromise and Maintain Persistent Access to U.S. Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 15, 2024."data-reference="CISA AA24-038A PRC Critical Infrastructure February 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/aa24-038a_csa_prc_state_sponsored_actors_compromise_us_critical_infrastructure_3.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="67" aria-describedby="qtip-67">[68]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0670"> S0670 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0670"> WarzoneRAT </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0670">WarzoneRAT</a> has the ability to control an infected PC using RDP.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-69') id="scite-ref-69-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Harakhavik, Y. (2020, February 3). Warzone: Behind the enemy lines. Retrieved December 17, 2021."data-reference="Check Point Warzone Feb 2020"><sup><a href="https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/warzone-behind-the-enemy-lines/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="68" aria-describedby="qtip-68">[69]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0102"> G0102 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0102"> Wizard Spider </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0102">Wizard Spider</a> has used RDP for lateral movement and to deploy ransomware interactively.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-70') id="scite-ref-70-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."data-reference="CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="69" aria-describedby="qtip-69">[70]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-71') id="scite-ref-71-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."data-reference="DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020"><sup><a href="https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="70" aria-describedby="qtip-70">[71]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-72') id="scite-ref-72-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."data-reference="DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020"><sup><a href="https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="71" aria-describedby="qtip-71">[72]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-73') id="scite-ref-73-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Shilko, J., et al. (2021, October 7). FIN12: The Prolific Ransomware Intrusion Threat Actor That Has Aggressively Pursued Healthcare Targets. Retrieved June 15, 2023."data-reference="Mandiant FIN12 Oct 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2021-10/fin12-group-profile.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="72" aria-describedby="qtip-72">[73]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0350"> S0350 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0350"> zwShell </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0350">zwShell</a> has used RDP for lateral movement.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-74') id="scite-ref-74-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: "Night Dragon". Retrieved February 19, 2018."data-reference="McAfee Night Dragon"><sup><a href="https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="73" aria-describedby="qtip-73">[74]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0412"> S0412 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0412"> ZxShell </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0412">ZxShell</a> has remote desktop functionality.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-75') id="scite-ref-75-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019."data-reference="Talos ZxShell Oct 2014"><sup><a href="https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="74" aria-describedby="qtip-74">[75]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1047"> M1047 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1047"> Audit </a> </td> <td> <p>Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1042"> M1042 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1042"> Disable or Remove Feature or Program </a> </td> <td> <p>Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1035"> M1035 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1035"> Limit Access to Resource Over Network </a> </td> <td> <p>Use remote desktop gateways.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1032"> M1032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1032"> Multi-factor Authentication </a> </td> <td> <p>Use multi-factor authentication for remote logins.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-76') id="scite-ref-76-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Berkeley Security, University of California. (n.d.). Securing Remote Desktop for System Administrators. Retrieved November 4, 2014."data-reference="Berkley Secure"><sup><a href="https://security.berkeley.edu/node/94" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="75" aria-describedby="qtip-75">[76]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1030"> M1030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1030"> Network Segmentation </a> </td> <td> <p>Do not leave RDP accessible from the internet. Enable firewall rules to block RDP traffic between network security zones within a network.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1028"> M1028 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1028"> Operating System Configuration </a> </td> <td> <p>Change GPOs to define shorter timeouts sessions and maximum amount of time any single session can be active. Change GPOs to specify the maximum amount of time that a disconnected session stays active on the RD session host server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-77') id="scite-ref-77-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017."data-reference="Windows RDP Sessions"><sup><a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754272(v=ws.11).aspx" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="76" aria-describedby="qtip-76">[77]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1026"> M1026 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1026"> Privileged Account Management </a> </td> <td> <p>Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1018"> M1018 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1018"> User Account Management </a> </td> <td> <p>Limit remote user permissions if remote access is necessary.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0028"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0028">DS0028</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0028">Logon Session</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0028/#Logon%20Session%20Creation">Logon Session Creation</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for user accounts logged into systems associated with RDP (ex: Windows EID 4624 Logon Type 10). Other factors, such as access patterns (ex: multiple systems over a relatively short period of time) and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP.</p><p>Monitoring logon and logoff events for hosts on the network is very important for situational awareness. This information can be used as an indicator of unusual activity as well as to corroborate activity seen elsewhere.</p><p>Could be applied to a number of different types of monitoring depending on what information is desired. Some use cases include monitoring for all remote connections and building login timelines for users. Logon events are Windows Event Code 4624 for Windows Vista and above, 518 for pre-Vista. Logoff events are 4634 for Windows Vista and above, 538 for pre-Vista.</p><p>Note: This analytic looks for user logon events and filters out the top 30 account names to reduce the occurrence of noisy service accounts and the like. It is meant as a starting point for situational awareness around such events. This is liable to be quite noisy and will need tweaking, especially in terms of the number of top users filtered out.</p><p>Analytic 1</p><p><code>sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode IN (4624, 4634, 4647, 4778, 4779)| search LogonType=10 // RDP Interactive Logon| eval is_suspicious=if((user!="expected_users") AND (dest_ip!="expected_servers"), "True", "False")| where is_suspicious="True"</code></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datacomponent datasource" id="uses-DS0028-Logon Session Metadata"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0028/#Logon%20Session%20Metadata">Logon Session Metadata</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor authentication logs and analyze for unusual access patterns. A remote desktop logon, through RDP, may be typical of a system administrator or IT support, but only from select workstations. Monitoring remote desktop logons and comparing to known/approved originating systems can detect lateral movement of an adversary.</p><p>Analytic 1</p><p><code>sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode="4624" AND LogonType="10" AND AuthenticationPackageName="Negotiate" AND TargetUserName="Admin*")</code></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0029"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029">DS0029</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0029">Network Traffic</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029/#Network%20Connection%20Creation">Network Connection Creation</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for newly constructed network connections (typically over port 3389) that may use <a href="/techniques/T1078">Valid Accounts</a> to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP.</p><p>Analytic 1 - Abnormal RDP Network Connections</p><p><code> sourcetype=zeek | search dest_port=3389 // Default RDP port| stats count by src_ip, dest_ip, dest_port| where src_ip!="trusted_ips" AND dest_ip!="internal_servers"</code></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datacomponent datasource" id="uses-DS0029-Network Traffic Flow"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029/#Network%20Traffic%20Flow">Network Traffic Flow</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor network traffic for uncommon data flows that may use <a href="/techniques/T1078">Valid Accounts</a> to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).</p><p>The Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), built in to Microsoft operating systems, allows a user to remotely log in to the desktop of another host. It allows for interactive access of the running windows, and forwards key presses, mouse clicks, etc. Network administrators, power users, and end-users may use RDP for day-to-day operations. From an adversary’s perspective, RDP provides a means to laterally move to a new host. Determining which RDP connections correspond to adversary activity can be a difficult problem in highly dynamic environments, but will be useful in identifying the scope of a compromise.Remote Desktop can be detected in several ways</p><ul><li>Network connections to port 3389/tcp (assuming use of the default port)</li><li>Packet capture analysis</li><li>Detecting network connections from <code>mstsc.exe</code></li><li>Execution of the process <code>rdpclip.exe</code></li><li>Runs as the clipboard manager on the RDP target if clipboard sharing is enabled</li></ul><p>Analytic 1 - Suspicious RDP</p><p><code><code> sourcetype=netflow LogonType="10"| search dest_port=3389 // Default RDP port| stats count by src_ip, dest_ip, dest_port| where src_ip!="trusted_ips" AND dest_ip!="internal_servers"</code></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0009"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0009">DS0009</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0009">Process</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0009/#Process%20Creation">Process Creation</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for newly executed processes (such as <code>mstsc.exe</code>) that may use <a href="/techniques/T1078">Valid Accounts</a> to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions that spawn additional processes as the logged-on user.</p><p>Analytic 1 - Unusual processes associated with RDP sessions</p><p><code> sourcetype=WinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational EventCode=1 | search (parent_process="mstsc.exe" OR parent_process="rdpclip.exe")| table _time, host, user, process_name, parent_process, command_line| where process_name!="expected_processes"</code></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx" target="_blank"> Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. 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