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lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="RS-422" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA-422" title="EIA-422 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="EIA-422" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIA-422" title="TIA-422 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="TIA-422" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA-422" title="EIA-422 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="EIA-422" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="RS-422" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="RS-422" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA_RS-422" title="EIA RS-422 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="EIA RS-422" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="RS-422" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA-422" title="EIA-422 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="EIA-422" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="RS-422" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Standard for serial communication</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">RS-422</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data">TIA/EIA-422</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Protocol information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Physical media</th><td class="infobox-data">Twisted pair</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network topology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_(network_topology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Point-to-point (network topology)">Point-to-point</a>, unidirectional <a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">multidrop bus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum devices</th><td class="infobox-data">10 (1 driver and 10 receivers)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum distance</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200 meters (3,900 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mode of operation</th><td class="infobox-data">Differential</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum binary rate</th><td class="infobox-data">100 kbit/s – 10 Mbit/s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Voltage</th><td class="infobox-data">−6 to +6 V (maximum voltage for each line)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mark(1)</th><td class="infobox-data">Negative difference</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Space(0)</th><td class="infobox-data">Positive difference</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available signals</th><td class="infobox-data">Tx+, Tx−, Rx+, Rx− (full duplex)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Connector types</th><td class="infobox-data">Not specified</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RS-422_Network.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/RS-422_Network.svg/368px-RS-422_Network.svg.png" decoding="async" width="368" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/RS-422_Network.svg/552px-RS-422_Network.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/RS-422_Network.svg/736px-RS-422_Network.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>RS-422 network with multiple receivers</figcaption></figure> <p><b>RS-422</b>, also known as <b>TIA/EIA-422</b>, is a technical standard originated by the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Alliance" title="Electronic Industries Alliance">Electronic Industries Alliance</a>, first issued in 1975, that specifies the electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. It was meant to be the foundation of a suite of standards that would replace the older <a href="/wiki/RS-232C" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-232C">RS-232C</a> standard with standards that offered much higher speed, better immunity from noise, and longer cable lengths. RS-422 systems can transmit data at rates as high as 10 <a href="/wiki/Bitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitrate">Mbit/s</a>, or may be sent on cables as long as 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) at lower rates. It is closely related to <a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a>, which uses the same signaling systems but on a different wiring arrangement. </p><p>RS-422 specifies <a href="/wiki/Differential_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential signaling">differential signaling</a>, with every data line paired with a dedicated return line. It is the voltage difference between these two lines that defines the mark and space, rather than, as in RS-232, the difference in voltage between a data line and a local ground. As the ground voltage can differ at either end of the cable, this required RS-232 to use signals with voltage magnitudes greater than 5 volts. Moving to dedicated return lines and always defining ground in reference to the sender allows RS-422 to use 0.4 V, allowing it to run at much higher speeds. RS-423 differs primarily in that it has a single return pin instead of one for each data pin.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_scope">Standard scope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-422&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Standard scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RS-422 is the common short form title of the <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">American National Standards Institute</a> (ANSI) standard <i>ANSI/TIA/EIA-422-B Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Differential Interface Circuits</i> and its international equivalent <i>ITU-T Recommendation T-REC-V.11</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <i>X.27</i>. These technical <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standards</a> specify the electrical characteristics of the balanced voltage digital interface circuit.<sup id="cite_ref-definition_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RS-422 provides for data transmission, using <a href="/wiki/Differential_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential signaling">balanced, or differential, signaling</a>, with unidirectional/non-reversible, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_termination" title="Electrical termination">terminated</a> or non-terminated transmission lines, point to point, or multi-drop. In contrast to <a href="/wiki/EIA-485" class="mw-redirect" title="EIA-485">EIA-485</a>, RS-422/V.11 does not allow multiple drivers but only multiple receivers. </p><p>The first version of RS-422 was issued in 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with revision A issued in December 1978. Revision B, published in May 1994 was reaffirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Industry_Association" title="Telecommunications Industry Association">Telecommunications Industry Association</a> in 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-422&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RS-422_CableLength-DataRate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RS-422_CableLength-DataRate.svg/220px-RS-422_CableLength-DataRate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RS-422_CableLength-DataRate.svg/330px-RS-422_CableLength-DataRate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RS-422_CableLength-DataRate.svg/440px-RS-422_CableLength-DataRate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Data rate versus line length chart, from RS-422 Annex A.1</figcaption></figure> <p>Several key advantages offered by this standard include the differential receiver, a differential driver and data rates as high as 10 megabits per second at 12 meters (40 ft). Since the signal quality degrades with cable length, the maximum data rate decreases as cable length increases. Figure A.1 in the annex plotting this stops at 10 <a href="/wiki/Bitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitrate">Mbit/s</a>. </p><p>The maximum cable length is not specified in the standard, but guidance is given in its annex. (This annex is not a formal part of the standard, but is included for information purposes only.) Limitations on line length and data rate vary with the parameters of the cable length, balance, and termination, as well as the individual installation. Figure A.1 shows a maximum length of 1,200 meters (3,900 ft), but this is with a termination, and the annex discusses the fact that many applications can tolerate greater timing and amplitude distortion, and that experience has shown that the cable length may be extended to several kilometers. Conservative maximum data rates with 24<a href="/wiki/AWG" class="mw-redirect" title="AWG">AWG</a> <a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair#Unshielded_twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">UTP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" title="Plain old telephone service">POTS</a>) cable are 10 Mbit/s at 12 m (39 ft) to 90 kbit/s at 1,200 m (3,900 ft), as shown in the figure A.1. This figure is a conservative guide based on empirical data, not a limit imposed by the standard. </p><p>RS-422 specifies the electrical characteristics of a single balanced signal. The standard was written to be referenced by other standards that specify the complete DTE/DCE interface for applications that require a balanced voltage circuit to transmit data. These other standards would define protocols, connectors, pin assignments and functions. Standards such as <a href="/wiki/EIA-530" title="EIA-530">EIA-530</a> (<a href="/wiki/DB-25" class="mw-redirect" title="DB-25">DB-25</a> connector) and <a href="/wiki/EIA-449" class="mw-redirect" title="EIA-449">EIA-449</a> (<a href="/wiki/DC-37" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-37">DC-37</a> connector) use RS-422 electrical signals. Some RS-422 devices have 4 screw terminals for pairs of wire, with one pair used for data in each direction. </p><p>RS-422 cannot implement a true multi-point communications network, such as with <a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a>, since there can be only one driver on each pair of wires. However, one driver can <a href="/wiki/Fan-out" title="Fan-out">fan-out</a> to up to ten receivers. </p><p>RS-422 can interoperate with interfaces designed to <a href="/wiki/MIL-STD-188" title="MIL-STD-188">MIL-STD-188-114B</a>, but they are not identical. RS-422 uses a nominal 0 to 5-<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> signal, while MIL-STD-188-114B uses a signal symmetric about 0 V. However, the tolerance for common-mode voltage in both specifications allows them to interoperate. Care must be taken with the termination network. </p><p><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a> is a similar specification for unbalanced signaling. </p><p>When used in relation to communications wiring, RS-422 wiring refers to cable made of 2 sets of <a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">twisted pair</a>, often with each pair being shielded, and a ground wire. While a double-pair cable may be practical for many RS-422 applications, the RS-422 specification only defines one signal path and does not assign any function to it. Any complete cable assembly with connectors should be labeled with the specification that defined the signal function and mechanical layout of the connector, such as <a href="/wiki/RS-449" title="RS-449">RS-449</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-422&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most widespread uses of RS-422 was on the early <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> computers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was implemented in a multi-pin connector that had enough pins to support the majority of the common <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> pins; the first models used a 9-pin <a href="/wiki/D_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="D connector">D connector</a>, but this was quickly replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Mini-DIN" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini-DIN">mini-DIN</a>-8 connector starting with the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a>. The ports could be put into either RS-232 or RS-422 mode, which changes the behavior of some of the pins while turning others on or off completely. These connectors are used to support RS-232 devices like <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modems</a>, <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a> networking, RS-422 printers, and other peripherals. Two such ports were part of early Apple Macintosh series designs until they were replaced, along with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">ADB</a> ports, by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">Universal Serial Bus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> in 1998. </p><p>RS-422 is a common transport mechanism for RS-232 extenders. These consist of RS-232 ports on either end of an RS-422 connection. </p><p>Before hard-disk-based playout and editing systems were used, <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_automation" title="Broadcast automation">broadcast automation</a> systems and <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a> <a href="/wiki/Linear_editing" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear editing">linear editing</a> facilities used RS-422A<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Typo_help_inline" title="Template:Typo help inline"><span title="See Talk:RS-232#RS-232C (December 2022)">check spelling</span></a></i>]</sup> to remotely control the players/recorders located in the <a href="/wiki/Central_apparatus_room" title="Central apparatus room">central apparatus room</a>. In most cases, the <a href="/wiki/9-Pin_Protocol" title="9-Pin Protocol">Sony 9-pin</a> connection was used, which makes use of a <a href="/wiki/DE-9" class="mw-redirect" title="DE-9">DE-9</a> connector. This is the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> industry standard connector for RS-422,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is still found on broadcast equipment today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-422&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Differential_TTL" title="Differential TTL">Differential TTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Alliance" title="Electronic Industries Alliance">Electronic Industries Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">Fieldbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_network_buses" title="List of network buses">List of network buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-422&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foldoc.org/rs-423">"EIA-423"</a>. foldoc.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EIA-423&rft.pub=foldoc.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoldoc.org%2Frs-423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARS-422" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-V.11/en">"V.11 : Electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange circuits operating at data signalling rates up to 10 Mbit/s"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Telecommunication+Union&rft.atitle=V.11+%3A+Electrical+characteristics+for+balanced+double-current+interchange+circuits+operating+at+data+signalling+rates+up+to+10+Mbit%2Fs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2Frec%2FT-REC-V.11%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARS-422" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-definition-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-definition_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>TIA/EIA STANDARD, Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits, TIA/EIA-422-B</i>, May 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas A. Cassell, <i>Microcomputers and Modern Control Engineering</i>, Reston Publishing Company, 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0835943658" title="Special:BookSources/0835943658">0835943658</a> page 569</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/primary/docs/pr1.html">"First Macintosh Press Release"</a>. stanford.edu. 1984<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Macintosh+Press+Release&rft.pub=stanford.edu&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fdept%2FSUL%2Fsites%2Fmac%2Fprimary%2Fdocs%2Fpr1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARS-422" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.jurassic.nl/mirrors/ftp.sgi.com/sgi/video/rld/vidpage/s9pinnt.html">Sony 9-Pin Remote Protocol</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-422&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Serial_Data_Communications" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Programming:Serial Data Communications">Programming:Serial Data Communications</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfserv.maximintegrated.com/en/an/AN723.pdf">"Maxim IC Application Note 723 'Selecting and Using RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 Serial Data Standards'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>MaximIntegrated.com</i>. Maxim Integrated Products. December 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MaximIntegrated.com&rft.atitle=Maxim+IC+Application+Note+723+%27Selecting+and+Using+RS-232%2C+RS-422%2C+and+RS-485+Serial+Data+Standards%27&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfserv.maximintegrated.com%2Fen%2Fan%2FAN723.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARS-422" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slla070d/slla070d.pdf">"Texas Instruments Application Report '422 and 485 Standards Overview and System Configurations'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Focus.TI.com</i>. Texas Instruments. June 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus.TI.com&rft.atitle=Texas+Instruments+Application+Report+%27422+and+485+Standards+Overview+and+System+Configurations%27&rft.date=2002-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffocus.ti.com%2Flit%2Fan%2Fslla070d%2Fslla070d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARS-422" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slla067b/slla067b.pdf">"Texas Instruments Application Report SLLA067B 'Comparing Bus Solutions'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Focus.TI.com</i>. Texas Instruments. October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus.TI.com&rft.atitle=Texas+Instruments+Application+Report+SLLA067B+%27Comparing+Bus+Solutions%27&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffocus.ti.com%2Flit%2Fan%2Fslla067b%2Fslla067b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARS-422" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_bus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer bus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses477" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>de facto</i> standards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wired_communication" title="Wired communication">wired</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">Back-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">Bus mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_play" title="Plug and play">Plug and play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of interface bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-50_bus" title="SS-50 bus">SS-50 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXBI_bus" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBus_(SPARC)" title="MBus (SPARC)">MBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STD_Bus" title="STD Bus">STD Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Card_Bus" title="Europe Card Bus">Europe Card Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEbus" title="STEbus">STEbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Pin_Count" title="Low Pin Count">LPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VME_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="VME eXtensions for Instrumentation">VXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXS" title="VXS">VXS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPX" title="VPX">VPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Channel_architecture" title="Micro Channel architecture">MCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBus" title="SBus">SBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">HP GSC bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Port_Architecture" title="Ultra Port Architecture">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI Extended (PCI-X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation">PXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express (PCIe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compute_Express_Link" title="Compute Express Link">Compute Express Link (CXL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface" title="Direct Media Interface">Direct Media Interface (DMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidIO" title="RapidIO">RapidIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVLink" title="NVLink">NVLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect" title="Intel Ultra Path Interconnect">Intel Ultra Path Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface" title="Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface">Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceWire" title="SpaceWire">SpaceWire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ST-506/ST-412" title="ST-506/ST-412">ST-506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Disk_Interconnect" title="Standard Disk Interconnect">SDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Peripheral_Interface" title="Intelligent Peripheral Interface">IPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_and_Tag" title="Bus and Tag">Bus and Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">DSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">SSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATAe</a></li> <li>PCI Express (via <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> or <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical device interface)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripheral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_SIO" title="Atari SIO">Atari SIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Control_Bus" title="Digital Control Bus">DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_bus" title="Commodore bus">Commodore bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-IL" title="HP-IL">HP-IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RS-422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMX512#DMX512-A" title="DMX512">DMX512-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE-488" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-488">IEEE-488 (GPIB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE-1394 (FireWire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI/O" title="UNI/O">UNI/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Wire" title="1-Wire">1-Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a> (<a href="/wiki/ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Management_Bus" title="Power Management Bus">PMBus</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3C_(bus)" title="I3C (bus)">I3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface" title="Serial Peripheral Interface">SPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">D²B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_High_Definition_Audio" title="Intel High Definition Audio">Intel HD Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2S" title="I²S">I²S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McASP" title="McASP">McASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embedded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Microcontroller_Bus_Architecture" title="Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture">AMBA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_eXtensible_Interface" title="Advanced eXtensible Interface">AXI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIMbus" title="SLIMbus">SLIMbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.</small><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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