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detector</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: envelope detector"> <meta name="keywords" content="envelope detector"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="envelope detector"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 637</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: envelope detector</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Variation of Biologically Active Compounds and Antioxidancy in the Process of Blueberry Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meri%20Khakhutaishvili">Meri Khakhutaishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indira%20Djaparidze"> Indira Djaparidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maia%20Vanidze"> Maia Vanidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleko%20Kalandia"> Aleko Kalandia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cultivation of blueberry in Georgia started in 21st century. There are more than 20 species of blueberry cultivated in this region from all other the world. The species are mostly planted on acidic soil, previously occupied by tea plantations. Many of the plantations have pretty good yield. It is known that changing the location of a plant to a new soil or climate effects chemical compositions of the plant. However, even though these plants are brought from other countries, no research has been conducted to fully examine the blueberry fruit cultivated in Georgia. Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation Grant FR/335/10-160/14, gave us an opportunity to continue our previous works and conduct research on several berries, among them of course the chemical composition of stored Blueberry. We were able to conduct the first study that included examining qualitative and quantitative features of bioactive compounds in Georgian Blueberry. This experiments were held in the ‘West Georgia Regional Chromatography center’ (Grant AP/96/13) of our university, that is equipped with modern equipment like HPLC UV-Vis, RI-detector, HPLC-conductivity detector, UPLC-MS-detector. Biochemical analysis was conducted using different physico-chemical and instrumental methods. Separation-identification and quantitative analysis were conducted using UPLC-MS (Waters Acquity QDa detector), HPLC (Waters Brceze 1525, UV-Vis 2489 detectors), pH-meters (Mettler Toledo). Refractrometer -Misco , Spectrometer –Cuvette Changer (Mettler Toledo UV5A), C18 Cartridge Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Waters Sep-Pak C18 (500 mg), Chemicals – stability radical- 2,2-Diphenil-1-picrilhydrazyl (Aldrich-germany), Acetonitrile, Methanol, Acetic Acid (Merck-Germany), AlCl3, Folin Ciocalteu reagent (preparation), Standarts –Callic acid, Quercetin. Carbohydrate HPLC-RI analysis used systems acetonitrile-water (80-20). UPLC-MS analysis used systems- solvent A- Water +1 % acetic acid და solvent -B Methanol +1% acetic acid). It was concluded that the amount of sugars was in range of 5-9 %, mostly glucose and fructose. Also, the amount of organic acids was 0.2-1.2% most of which was malic and citric acid. Anthocians were also present in the sample 200-550mg/100g. We were able to identify up to 15 different compounds, most of which were products of delphinidine and cyanide. All species have high antioxidant level(DPPH). By rapidly freezing the sample and then keeping it in specific conditions allowed us to keep the sample for 12 months. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title="antioxidants">antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive" title=" bioactive"> bioactive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blueberry" title=" blueberry"> blueberry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80347/variation-of-biologically-active-compounds-and-antioxidancy-in-the-process-of-blueberry-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Applicability of Overhangs for Energy Saving in Existing High-Rise Housing in Different Climates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiong%20He">Qiong He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Thomas%20Ng"> S. Thomas Ng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upgrading the thermal performance of building envelope of existing residential buildings is an effective way to reduce heat gain or heat loss. Overhang device is a common solution for building envelope improvement as it can cut down solar heat gain and thereby can reduce the energy used for space cooling in summer time. Despite that, overhang can increase the demand for indoor heating in winter due to its function of lowering the solar heat gain. Obviously, overhang has different impacts on energy use in different climatic zones which have different energy demand. To evaluate the impact of overhang device on building energy performance under different climates of China, an energy analysis model is built up in a computer-based simulation program known as DesignBuilder based on the data of a typical high-rise residential building. The energy simulation results show that single overhang is able to cut down around 5% of the energy consumption of the case building in the stand-alone situation or about 2% when the building is surrounded by other buildings in regions which predominantly rely on space cooling though it has no contribution to energy reduction in cold region. In regions with cold summer and cold winter, adding overhang over windows can cut down around 4% and 1.8% energy use with and without adjoining buildings, respectively. The results indicate that overhang might not an effective shading device to reduce the energy consumption in the mixed climate or cold regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overhang" title="overhang">overhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20analysis" title=" energy analysis"> energy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-based%20simulation" title=" computer-based simulation"> computer-based simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20builder" title=" design builder"> design builder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20residential%20building" title=" high-rise residential building"> high-rise residential building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM%20model" title=" BIM model"> BIM model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60278/applicability-of-overhangs-for-energy-saving-in-existing-high-rise-housing-in-different-climates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> Medical Image Augmentation Using Spatial Transformations for Convolutional Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trupti%20Chavan">Trupti Chavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramachandra%20Guda"> Ramachandra Guda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kameshwar%20Rao"> Kameshwar Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lack of data is a pain problem in medical image analysis using a convolutional neural network (CNN). This work uses various spatial transformation techniques to address the medical image augmentation issue for knee detection and localization using an enhanced single shot detector (SSD) network. The spatial transforms like a negative, histogram equalization, power law, sharpening, averaging, gaussian blurring, etc. help to generate more samples, serve as pre-processing methods, and highlight the features of interest. The experimentation is done on the OpenKnee dataset which is a collection of knee images from the openly available online sources. The CNN called enhanced single shot detector (SSD) is utilized for the detection and localization of the knee joint from a given X-ray image. It is an enhanced version of the famous SSD network and is modified in such a way that it will reduce the number of prediction boxes at the output side. It consists of a classification network (VGGNET) and an auxiliary detection network. The performance is measured in mean average precision (mAP), and 99.96% mAP is achieved using the proposed enhanced SSD with spatial transformations. It is also seen that the localization boundary is comparatively more refined and closer to the ground truth in spatial augmentation and gives better detection and localization of knee joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20augmentation" title="data augmentation">data augmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20SSD" title=" enhanced SSD"> enhanced SSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20detection%20and%20localization" title=" knee detection and localization"> knee detection and localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20image%20analysis" title=" medical image analysis"> medical image analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=openKnee" title=" openKnee"> openKnee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spatial%20transformations" title=" Spatial transformations"> Spatial transformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122628/medical-image-augmentation-using-spatial-transformations-for-convolutional-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> High Rate of Dual Carriage of Hepatitis B Surface and Envelope Antigen in Gombe in Infants and Young Children, North-East Nigeria: 2000-2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Isaac">E. Isaac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Jalo"> I. Jalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Alkali"> Y. Alkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ajani"> A. Ajani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rasaki"> A. Rasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Jibrin"> Y. Jibrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mustapha"> K. Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Charanchi"> S. Charanchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kudi"> A. Kudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Danlami"> H. Danlami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where transmission predominantly occurs in infants and children by perinatal and horizontal routes. The risk of chronic infection peaks when infection is acquired early. Materials and Methods: Records of Hepatitis B surface and envelope antigen results in Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe between May 2000 and May 2015 were retrieved and analyzed. Results: Paediatric outpatient visits and in-patient admissions were 64,193 accounting for 13% of total. Individuals tested for Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia were 23,866. Children aged 0-18 years constituted 11% (2,626). Among children tested, males accounted for 52.8% (1386/2626) and females 47.2% (1240/2626). Infants contributed 65 (2.3%); 1-4 year old children 309 (11.7%); 5-9 year old children 564 (21.4%) and adolescents 1717 (65.1%). HbSAg sero-positivity was 18% (496/2626) among children tested. The highest number of children tested per year was in 2009 (518) and 2014 (569) and the lowest, in the first study year (62). The highest sero-positivity rate was in 2010; 21.7% (54/255). Children aged 0-18years accounted for 10.5% (496/4720) of individuals with Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia. Sero-positivity was 3.1% (2/65); 12.9% (40/309); 18.1% (102/564); and 20.5% (352/1717) in infants, children ages 1-4years, 5-9years and adolescents respectively. 2.5% (1/40) and 4% (1/25) of male and female infants respectively had HbSAg. Among children aged 1-4years, 15.1% (30/198) of males and 9.0% (10/111) of females were seropositive; 14.8% (52/350) and 22% (50/224) of male and female 5-9year old children respectively has HbSAg. 14.3% (138/943) of adolescent females had Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia. Adolescent males demonstrated the highest sero-positivity rate 27.6% (214/774). 97.3% (483/496) of children who demonstrated Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia were tested for dual carriage with the e antigen. Males accounted for 296/483 (63.1%) and females 187/483 (36.9%). Infants constituted 0.97% (4/482); children aged 1-4years, 5-9years and adolescents were 6.8% (33/483); 20.9% (100/483) and 71.3% (342/483) respectively. 17.6% (85/483) of children tested had HBe antigenaemia. Of these, males accounted for 69.4% (59/85). 1.2% (1/85) were infants; 9.4% (8/85%) 1-4years; 22.3% (19/85) 5-9years and 68.2% (58/85) adolescents. 25% (1/4) infants; 24% (8/33) children aged 1-4 years; 19% (19/100) 5-9 year old children and 16.9% (58/342) adolescents had dual carriage. Infants and young children demonstrated the highest rate of dual carriage but were less likely to be tested for dual carriage 37/42 (88%) than their 5-9 year old 98% (100/102) and adolescent 342/352 (97%) counterparts. HB e antigen positivity rate was 45.4% (59/130) males and 36.0% (27/75) in females. Conclusion: Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia is high among adolescent males. Infants and young children who had HBSAg had the highest rate of envelope antigen carriage. Testing in pregnancy, vaccination programmes and prophylaxis need to be strengthened. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20carriage" title=" dual carriage"> dual carriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gombe" title=" Gombe"> Gombe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B" title=" hepatitis B"> hepatitis B</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43123/high-rate-of-dual-carriage-of-hepatitis-b-surface-and-envelope-antigen-in-gombe-in-infants-and-young-children-north-east-nigeria-2000-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> Outdoor Anomaly Detection with a Spectroscopic Line Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20J.%20G.%20Somsen">O. J. G. Somsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the tasks of optical surveillance is to detect anomalies in large amounts of image data. However, if the size of the anomaly is very small, limited information is available to distinguish it from the surrounding environment. Spectral detection provides a useful source of additional information and may help to detect anomalies with a size of a few pixels or less. Unfortunately, spectral cameras are expensive because of the difficulty of separating two spatial in addition to one spectral dimension. We investigate the possibility of modifying a simpler spectral line detector for outdoor detection. This may be especially useful if the area of interest forms a line, such as the horizon. We use a monochrome CCD that also enables detection into the near infrared. A simple camera is attached to the setup to determine which part of the environment is spectrally imaged. Our preliminary results indicate that sensitive detection of very small targets is indeed possible. Spectra could be taken from the various targets by averaging columns in the line image. By imaging a set of lines of various width we found narrow lines that could not be seen in the color image but remained visible in the spectral line image. A simultaneous analysis of the entire spectra can produce better results than visual inspection of the line spectral image. We are presently developing calibration targets for spatial and spectral focusing and alignment with the spatial camera. This will present improved results and more use in outdoor application <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomaly%20detection" title="anomaly detection">anomaly detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopic%20line%20imaging" title=" spectroscopic line imaging"> spectroscopic line imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20analysis" title=" image analysis"> image analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20detection" title=" outdoor detection "> outdoor detection </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34329/outdoor-anomaly-detection-with-a-spectroscopic-line-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Dual Carriage of Hepatitis B Surface and Envelope Antigen in Adults in the Poorest Region of Nigeria: 2000-2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Isaac">E. Isaac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Jalo"> I. Jalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Alkali"> Y. Alkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ajani"> A. Ajani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rasaki"> A. Rasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Jibrin"> Y. Jibrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mustapha"> K. Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ayuba"> A. Ayuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Charanchi"> S. Charanchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Danlami"> H. Danlami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Hepatitis B infection continues to be a serious global health problem with about 2 billion people infected worldwide, many of these in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest incidence, with a prevalence of 10-15%. Methods: Records of Hepatitis B surface and envelope antigen test results in adults in Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe between May 2000 and May 2015 were retrieved and analyzed. Findings: Adult out-patient consultations and in-patient admissions were 343,083 and 67,761 respectively, accounting for 87% of total. Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia was tested for in 23,888 adults and children. 88.9% (21240) were adults. Males constituted 56% (11902/21240) and females 44% (9211/21240). 5104 (24.0%) of tested individuals were 19-25years; 12,039 (56.7%) 26-45years; 21119 (9.0%) 46-55years; 2.8% (590/21240) and 766 (3.6%) >65years. Among adult males, 17% (2133/11902) was contributed by ages 19-25. 58% (7017/11902), 11.9% (1421/11902), 6.4% (765/11902) and 4.7% (563/11902) of males were 26-45 years old, 46-55 years old and 56-65 years and >65year old respectively. Adults aged 19-25years, 26-45 years, 46-55years, 56-65 and > 65years each constituted 32% (2966/9211); 54.4% (5009/9211); 7.4% (684/9211), 3.8% (350/9211) and 2.2% (201/9211) of females respectively. 16.2% (3431/21,240) demonstrated Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia. The sero-positivity rate was 16.9% (865//5104) between 19-25years, 21.2% (2559/12,039) among 26-45year old individuals. 17.9% (377/2111); 14.1% (83/590) and 7.3% (56/766) of 46-55year old, 56-65year old and >65year old individuals screened were seropositive. The highest sero-positivity rate was found in male young adults aged 19-25years 27.9% (398/1426) and lowest in elderly males 7.4% (28/377). HBe antigen testing rate among HbSAg seropositive individuals was 97.3% (3338/3431). Males constituted 59.7% (1992/3338) and females 40.3% (1345/3338). 25.3% (844/3338) were aged 19-25years; 61.1% (2039/3338) 26-45years; 10.2% (340/3338) 46-55years; 2.7% (90/3338) 56-65years and 0.7% >65years old. HB e antigenaemia was positive in 8.2% (275/3338) of those tested. 41% (113/275); 50.2% (138/275); 5.4% (15/275); 1.8% (5/275) and 1.1 (3/275) of HB e sero-positivity was among age groups 19-25, 26-45, 46-55, 56-65 and > 65year old individuals. Dual sero-positivity rate was highest 13% (113/844) in young adults 19-25years and lowest between 46-55years; 15/340 (4.4%). 4.2% (15/360); 13.5% (69/512); 6.7% (90/1348); 4.6% (10/214); 5% (2/40) and 6.7% (1/15) of males aged 19-25; 26-45; 46-55; 56-65; and >65years had HB e antigenaemia respectively. Among females - 27/293 (9.2%) aged 19-25; 26/500 (5.2%) 26-45; 2/84 (2.4%) 46-55; 1/12 (8.3%) 56-65 and 1/9(11.1%) >65years had dual antigenaemia. In women of childbearing age, 6.9% (53/793) had a dual carriage. Conclusion: Dual hepatitis B surface and envelope antigenaemia are highest in young adult males. This will have significant implications for the development of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult" title="adult">adult</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatitis%20B" title=" Hepatitis B"> Hepatitis B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20carriage" title=" dual carriage"> dual carriage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43126/dual-carriage-of-hepatitis-b-surface-and-envelope-antigen-in-adults-in-the-poorest-region-of-nigeria-2000-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Robotics and Embedded Systems Applied to the Buried Pipeline Inspection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robson%20C.%20Santos">Robson C. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20C.%20P.%20Ribeiro"> Julio C. P. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iorran%20M.%20de%20Castro"> Iorran M. de Castro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luan%20C.%20F.%20Rodrigues"> Luan C. F. Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20R.%20L.%20Silva"> Sandro R. L. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20M.%20Quesada"> Diego M. Quesada </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work aims to develop a robot in the form of autonomous vehicle to detect, inspection and mapping of underground pipelines through the ATmega328 Arduino platform. Hardware prototyping very similar to C / C ++ language that facilitates its use in robotics open source, resembles PLC used in large industrial processes. The robot will traverse the surface independently of direct human action, in order to automate the process of detecting buried pipes, guided by electromagnetic induction. The induction comes from coils that sends the signal to the Arduino microcontroller contained in that will make the difference in intensity and the treatment of the information, then this determines actions to electrical components such as relays and motors, allowing the prototype to move on the surface and getting the necessary information. The robot was developed by electrical and electronic assemblies that allowed test your application. The assembly is made up of metal detector coils, circuit boards and microprocessor, which interconnected circuits previously developed can determine, process control and mechanical actions for a robot (autonomous car) that will make the detection and mapping of buried pipelines plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic" title="robotic">robotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20detector" title=" metal detector"> metal detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20system" title=" embedded system"> embedded system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20inspection" title=" pipeline inspection"> pipeline inspection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17042/robotics-and-embedded-systems-applied-to-the-buried-pipeline-inspection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">614</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Effect of Porous Multi-Layer Envelope System on Effective Wind Pressure of Building Ventilation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Chang%20Yu">Ying-Chang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Lung%20Lo"> Yuan-Lung Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building ventilation performance is an important indicator of indoor comfort. However, in addition to the geometry of the building or the proportion of the opening, the ventilation performance is also very much related to the actual wind pressure of the building. There are more and more contemporary building designs built with multi-layer exterior envelope. Due to ventilation and view observatory requirement, the porous outer layer of the building is commonly adopted and has a significant wind damping effect, causing the phenomenon of actual wind pressure loss. However, the relationship between the wind damping effect and the actual wind pressure is not linear. This effect can make the indoor ventilation of the building rationalized to reasonable range under the condition of high wind pressure, and also maintain a good amount of ventilation performance under the condition of low wind pressure. In this study, wind tunnel experiments were carried out to simulate the different wind pressures flow through the porous outer layer, and observe the actual wind pressure strength engage with the window layer to find the decreasing relationship between the damping effect of the porous shell and the wind pressure. Experiment specimen scale was designed to be 1:50 for testing real-world building conditions; the study found that the porous enclosure has protective shielding without affecting low-pressure ventilation. Current study observed the porous skin may damp more wind energy to ease the wind pressure under high-speed wind. Differential wind speed may drop the pressure into similar pressure level by using porous skin. The actual mechanism and value of this phenomenon will need further study in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20facade" title="multi-layer facade">multi-layer facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20damping" title=" wind damping"> wind damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20test" title=" wind tunnel test"> wind tunnel test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20ventilation" title=" building ventilation "> building ventilation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111397/effect-of-porous-multi-layer-envelope-system-on-effective-wind-pressure-of-building-ventilation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> The MHz Frequency Range EM Induction Device Development and Experimental Study for Low Conductive Objects Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kakulia">D. Kakulia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Shoshiashvili"> L. Shoshiashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Sapharishvili"> G. Sapharishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The results of the study are related to the direction of plastic mine detection research using electromagnetic induction, the development of appropriate equipment, and the evaluation of expected results. Electromagnetic induction sensing is effectively used in the detection of metal objects in the soil and in the discrimination of unexploded ordnances. Metal objects interact well with a low-frequency alternating magnetic field. Their electromagnetic response can be detected at the low-frequency range even when they are placed in the ground. Detection of plastic things such as plastic mines by electromagnetic induction is associated with difficulties. The interaction of non-conducting bodies or low-conductive objects with a low-frequency alternating magnetic field is very weak. At the high-frequency range where already wave processes take place, the interaction increases. Interactions with other distant objects also increase. A complex interference picture is formed, and extraction of useful information also meets difficulties. Sensing by electromagnetic induction at the intermediate MHz frequency range is the subject of research. The concept of detecting plastic mines in this range can be based on the study of the electromagnetic response of non-conductive cavity in a low-conductivity environment or the detection of small metal components in plastic mines, taking into account constructive features. The detector node based on the amplitude and phase detector 'Analog Devices ad8302' has been developed for experimental studies. The node has two inputs. At one of the inputs, the node receives a sinusoidal signal from the generator, to which a transmitting coil is also connected. The receiver coil is attached to the second input of the node. The additional circuit provides an option to amplify the signal output from the receiver coil by 20 dB. The node has two outputs. The voltages obtained at the output reflect the ratio of the amplitudes and the phase difference of the input harmonic signals. Experimental measurements were performed in different positions of the transmitter and receiver coils at the frequency range 1-20 MHz. Arbitrary/Function Generator Tektronix AFG3052C and the eight-channel high-resolution oscilloscope PICOSCOPE 4824 were used in the experiments. Experimental measurements were also performed with a low-conductive test object. The results of the measurements and comparative analysis show the capabilities of the simple detector node and the prospects for its further development in this direction. The results of the experimental measurements are compared and analyzed with the results of appropriate computer modeling based on the method of auxiliary sources (MAS). The experimental measurements are driven using the MATLAB environment. Acknowledgment -This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF) (Grant number: NFR 17_523). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20induction%20sensing" title="EM induction sensing">EM induction sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detector" title=" detector"> detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20mines" title=" plastic mines"> plastic mines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134281/the-mhz-frequency-range-em-induction-device-development-and-experimental-study-for-low-conductive-objects-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">478</span> An Experimental Study on the Optimum Installation of Fire Detector for Early Stage Fire Detecting in Rack-Type Warehouses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki%20Ok%20Choi">Ki Ok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Hong"> Sung Ho Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Suck%20Kim"> Dong Suck Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Don%20Mook%20Choi"> Don Mook Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rack type warehouses are different from general buildings in the kinds, amount, and arrangement of stored goods, so the fire risk of rack type warehouses is different from those buildings. The fire pattern of rack type warehouses is different in combustion characteristic and storing condition of stored goods. The initial fire burning rate is different in the surface condition of materials, but the running time of fire is closely related with the kinds of stored materials and stored conditions. The stored goods of the warehouse are consisted of diverse combustibles, combustible liquid, and so on. Fire detection time may be delayed because the residents are less than office and commercial buildings. If fire detectors installed in rack type warehouses are inadaptable, the fire of the warehouse may be the great fire because of delaying of fire detection. In this paper, we studied what kinds of fire detectors are optimized in early detecting of rack type warehouse fire by real-scale fire tests. The fire detectors used in the tests are rate of rise type, fixed type, photo electric type, and aspirating type detectors. We considered optimum fire detecting method in rack type warehouses suggested by the response characteristic and comparative analysis of the fire detectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20detector" title="fire detector">fire detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rack" title=" rack"> rack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20characteristic" title=" response characteristic"> response characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warehouse" title=" warehouse"> warehouse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56376/an-experimental-study-on-the-optimum-installation-of-fire-detector-for-early-stage-fire-detecting-in-rack-type-warehouses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">745</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> 1-D Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Wheel Flat Detection for Freight Wagons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dachuan%20Shi">Dachuan Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hecht"> M. Hecht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ye"> Y. Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the trend of digitalization in railway freight transport, a large number of freight wagons in Germany have been equipped with telematics devices, commonly placed on the wagon body. A telematics device contains a GPS module for tracking and a 3-axis accelerometer for shock detection. Besides these basic functions, it is desired to use the integrated accelerometer for condition monitoring without any additional sensors. Wheel flats as a common type of failure on wheel tread cause large impacts on wagons and infrastructure as well as impulsive noise. A large wheel flat may even cause safety issues such as derailments. In this sense, this paper proposes a machine learning approach for wheel flat detection by using car body accelerations. Due to suspension systems, impulsive signals caused by wheel flats are damped significantly and thus could be buried in signal noise and disturbances. Therefore, it is very challenging to detect wheel flats using car body accelerations. The proposed algorithm considers the envelope spectrum of car body accelerations to eliminate the effect of noise and disturbances. Subsequently, a 1-D convolutional neural network (CNN), which is well known as a deep learning method, is constructed to automatically extract features in the envelope-frequency domain and conduct classification. The constructed CNN is trained and tested on field test data, which are measured on the underframe of a tank wagon with a wheel flat of 20 mm length in the operational condition. The test results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed algorithm for real-time fault detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title="fault detection">fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel%20flat" title=" wheel flat"> wheel flat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title=" convolutional neural network"> convolutional neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102932/1-d-convolutional-neural-network-approach-for-wheel-flat-detection-for-freight-wagons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> Comparing the Embodied Carbon Impacts of a Passive House with the BC Energy Step Code Using Life Cycle Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorena%20Polovina">Lorena Polovina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maddy%20%20Kennedy-Parrott"> Maddy Kennedy-Parrott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Fakoor"> Mohammad Fakoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry accounts for approximately 40% of total GHG emissions worldwide. In order to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, ambitious reductions in the carbon intensity of our buildings are crucial. Passive House presents an opportunity to reduce operational carbon by as much as 90% compared to a traditional building through improving thermal insulation, limiting thermal bridging, increasing airtightness and heat recovery. Up until recently, Passive House design was mainly concerned with meeting the energy demands without considering embodied carbon. As buildings become more energy-efficient, embodied carbon becomes more significant. The main objective of this research is to calculate the embodied carbon impact of a Passive House and compare it with the BC Energy Step Code (ESC). British Columbia is committed to increasing the energy efficiency of buildings through the ESC, which is targeting net-zero energy-ready buildings by 2032. However, there is a knowledge gap in the embodied carbon impacts of more energy-efficient buildings, in particular Part 3 construction. In this case study, life cycle assessments (LCA) are performed on Part 3, a multi-unit residential building in Victoria, BC. The actual building is not constructed to the Passive House standard; however, the building envelope and mechanical systems are designed to comply with the Passive house criteria, as well as Steps 1 and 4 of the BC Energy Step Code (ESC) for comparison. OneClick LCA is used to perform the LCA of the case studies. Several strategies are also proposed to minimize the total carbon emissions of the building. The assumption is that there will not be significant differences in embodied carbon between a Passive House and a Step 4 building due to the building envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20carbon" title="embodied carbon">embodied carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20modeling" title=" energy modeling"> energy modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20step%20code" title=" energy step code"> energy step code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130565/comparing-the-embodied-carbon-impacts-of-a-passive-house-with-the-bc-energy-step-code-using-life-cycle-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> Effect of Birks Constant and Defocusing Parameter on Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio Parameter in Monte Carlo Simulation-GEANT4</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farmesk%20Abubaker">Farmesk Abubaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Tortorici"> Francesco Tortorici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Capogni"> Marco Capogni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concetta%20Sutera"> Concetta Sutera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincenzo%20Bellini"> Vincenzo Bellini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project concerns with the detection efficiency of the portable triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) at the National Institute of Metrology of Ionizing Radiation (INMRI-ENEA) which allows direct activity measurement and radionuclide standardization for pure-beta emitter or pure electron capture radionuclides. The dependency of the simulated detection efficiency of the TDCR, by using Monte Carlo simulation Geant4 code, on the Birks factor (kB) and defocusing parameter has been examined especially for low energy beta-emitter radionuclides such as 3H and 14C, for which this dependency is relevant. The results achieved in this analysis can be used for selecting the best kB factor and the defocusing parameter for computing theoretical TDCR parameter value. The theoretical results were compared with the available ones, measured by the ENEA TDCR portable detector, for some pure-beta emitter radionuclides. This analysis allowed to improve the knowledge of the characteristics of the ENEA TDCR detector that can be used as a traveling instrument for in-situ measurements with particular benefits in many applications in the field of nuclear medicine and in the nuclear energy industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birks%20constant" title="Birks constant">Birks constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defocusing%20parameter" title=" defocusing parameter"> defocusing parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEANT4%20code" title=" GEANT4 code"> GEANT4 code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDCR%20parameter" title=" TDCR parameter"> TDCR parameter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131757/effect-of-birks-constant-and-defocusing-parameter-on-triple-to-double-coincidence-ratio-parameter-in-monte-carlo-simulation-geant4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">474</span> A Combination of Anisotropic Diffusion and Sobel Operator to Enhance the Performance of the Morphological Component Analysis for Automatic Crack Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankur%20Dixit">Ankur Dixit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroaki%20Wagatsuma"> Hiroaki Wagatsuma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crack detection on a concrete bridge is an important and constant task in civil engineering. Chronically, humans are checking the bridge for inspection of cracks to maintain the quality and reliability of bridge. But this process is very long and costly. To overcome such limitations, we have used a drone with a digital camera, which took some images of bridge deck and these images are processed by morphological component analysis (MCA). MCA technique is a very strong application of sparse coding and it explores the possibility of separation of images. In this paper, MCA has been used to decompose the image into coarse and fine components with the effectiveness of two dictionaries namely anisotropic diffusion and wavelet transform. An anisotropic diffusion is an adaptive smoothing process used to adjust diffusion coefficient by finding gray level and gradient as features. These cracks in image are enhanced by subtracting the diffused coarse image into the original image and the results are treated by Sobel edge detector and binary filtering to exhibit the cracks in a fine way. Our results demonstrated that proposed MCA framework using anisotropic diffusion followed by Sobel operator and binary filtering may contribute to an automation of crack detection even in open field sever conditions such as bridge decks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20diffusion" title="anisotropic diffusion">anisotropic diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20component" title=" coarse component"> coarse component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20component" title=" fine component"> fine component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCA" title=" MCA"> MCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sobel%20edge%20detector%20and%20wavelet%20transform" title=" Sobel edge detector and wavelet transform"> Sobel edge detector and wavelet transform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90958/a-combination-of-anisotropic-diffusion-and-sobel-operator-to-enhance-the-performance-of-the-morphological-component-analysis-for-automatic-crack-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">473</span> Spectroscopic Autoradiography of Alpha Particles on Geologic Samples at the Thin Section Scale Using a Parallel Ionization Multiplier Gaseous Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Lefeuvre">Hugo Lefeuvre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jer%C3%B4me%20Donnard"> Jerôme Donnard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Descostes"> Michael Descostes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophie%20Billon"> Sophie Billon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Duval"> Samuel Duval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tugdual%20Oger"> Tugdual Oger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herve%20Toubon"> Herve Toubon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Sardini"> Paul Sardini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spectroscopic autoradiography is a method of interest for geological sample analysis. Indeed, researchers may face different issues such as radioelement identification and quantification in the field of environmental studies. Imaging gaseous ionization detectors find their place in geosciences for conducting specific measurements of radioactivity to improve the monitoring of natural processes using naturally-occurring radioactive tracers, but also for the nuclear industry linked to the mining sector. In geological samples, the location and identification of the radioactive-bearing minerals at the thin-section scale remains a major challenge as the detection limit of the usual elementary microprobe techniques is far higher than the concentration of most of the natural radioactive decay products. The spatial distribution of each decay product in the case of uranium in a geomaterial is interesting for relating radionuclides concentration to the mineralogy. The present study aims to provide spectroscopic autoradiography analysis method for measuring the initial energy of alpha particles with a parallel ionization multiplier gaseous detector. The analysis method has been developed thanks to Geant4 modelling of the detector. The track of alpha particles recorded in the gas detector allow the simultaneous measurement of the initial point of emission and the reconstruction of the initial particle energy by a selection based on the linear energy distribution. This spectroscopic autoradiography method was successfully used to reproduce the alpha spectra from a 238U decay chain on a geological sample at the thin-section scale. The characteristics of this measurement are an energy spectrum resolution of 17.2% (FWHM) at 4647 keV and a spatial resolution of at least 50 µm. Even if the efficiency of energy spectrum reconstruction is low (4.4%) compared to the efficiency of a simple autoradiograph (50%), this novel measurement approach offers the opportunity to select areas on an autoradiograph to perform an energy spectrum analysis within that area. This opens up possibilities for the detailed analysis of heterogeneous geological samples containing natural alpha emitters such as uranium-238 and radium-226. This measurement will allow the study of the spatial distribution of uranium and its descendants in geo-materials by coupling scanning electron microscope characterizations. The direct application of this dual modality (energy-position) of analysis will be the subject of future developments. The measurement of the radioactive equilibrium state of heterogeneous geological structures, and the quantitative mapping of 226Ra radioactivity are now being actively studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha%20spectroscopy" title="alpha spectroscopy">alpha spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20autoradiography" title=" digital autoradiography"> digital autoradiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20activities" title=" mining activities"> mining activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20decay%20products" title=" natural decay products"> natural decay products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148924/spectroscopic-autoradiography-of-alpha-particles-on-geologic-samples-at-the-thin-section-scale-using-a-parallel-ionization-multiplier-gaseous-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">472</span> Peruvian Diagnostic Reference Levels for Patients Undergoing Different X-Rays Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Portocarrero%20Bonifaz">Andres Portocarrero Bonifaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caterina%20Sandra%20Camarena%20Rodriguez"> Caterina Sandra Camarena Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Palma%20Esparza"> Ricardo Palma Esparza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Antonio%20Romero%20Carlos"> Nicolas Antonio Romero Carlos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reference levels for common X-rays procedures have been set in many protocols. In Peru, during quality control tests, the dose tolerance is set by these international recommendations. Nevertheless, further studies can be made to assess the national reality and relate dose levels with different parameters such as kV, mA/mAs, exposure time, type of processing (digital, digitalized or conventional), etc. In this paper three radiologic procedures were taken into account for study, general X-rays (fixed and mobile), intraoral X-rays (fixed, mobile and portable) and mammography. For this purpose, an Unfors Xi detector was used; the dose was measured at a focus - detector distance which varied depending on the procedure, and was corrected afterward to find the surface entry dose. The data used in this paper was gathered over a period of over 3 years (2015-2018). In addition, each X-ray machine was taken into consideration only once. The results hope to achieve a new standard which reflects the local practice, and address the issues of the ‘Bonn Call for Action’ in Peru. For this purpose, the 75% percentile of the dose of each radiologic procedure was calculated. In future quality control services, those machines with dose values higher than the selected threshold should be informed that they surpass the reference dose levels established in comparison other radiological centers in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20X-rays" title="general X-rays">general X-rays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraoral%20X-rays" title=" intraoral X-rays"> intraoral X-rays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammography" title=" mammography"> mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20dose%20levels" title=" reference dose levels"> reference dose levels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94936/peruvian-diagnostic-reference-levels-for-patients-undergoing-different-x-rays-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">471</span> The Impact of Green Building Envelopes on the Urban Microclimate of the Urban Canopy-Case Study: Fawzy Moaz Street, Alexandria, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20Haridy">Amany Haridy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Elseragy"> Ahmed Elseragy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahd%20Omar"> Fahd Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of temperature increase in the urban microclimate has been at the center of attention recently, especially in dense urban areas, such as the City of Alexandria in Egypt, where building surfaces have become the dominant element (more than green areas and streets). Temperatures have been rising during daytime as well as nighttime, however, the research focused on the rise of air temperature at night, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island. This phenomenon has many effects on ecological life, as well as human health. This study provided evidence of the possibility of reducing the urban heat island by using a green building envelope (green wall and green roof) in Alexandria, Egypt. This City has witnessed a boom in growth in its urban fabric and population. A simulation analysis using the Envi-met software to find the ratio of air temperature reduction was performed. The simulation depended on the orientation of the green areas and their density, which was defined through a process of climatic analysis made by the Diva plugin using the Grasshopper software. Results showed that the reduction in air temperature varies from 0.8–2.0 °C, increasing with the increasing density of green areas. Many systems of green wall and green roof can be found in the local market. However, treating an existing building requires a careful choice of system to fit the building construction load and the surrounding nature. Among the systems of choice, there was the ‘geometric system’ of vertical greening that can be fixed on a light aluminum structure for walls and the extensive green system for roofs. Finally, native plants were the best choice in the long term because they fare well in the local climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envi-met" title="envi-met">envi-met</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building%20envelope" title=" green building envelope"> green building envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20heat%20island" title=" urban heat island"> urban heat island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20microclimate" title=" urban microclimate"> urban microclimate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92785/the-impact-of-green-building-envelopes-on-the-urban-microclimate-of-the-urban-canopy-case-study-fawzy-moaz-street-alexandria-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">470</span> Fusion Neutron Generator Dosimetry and Applications for Medical, Security, and Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaouther%20Bergaui">Kaouther Bergaui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafaa%20Reguigui"> Nafaa Reguigui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Gary"> Charles Gary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characterization and the applications of deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutron generator developed by Adelphie technology and acquired by the National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (NCNST) were presented in this work. We study the performance of the neutron generator in terms of neutron yield, production efficiency, and the ionic current as a function of the acceleration voltage at various RF powers. We provide the design and optimization of the PGNAA chamber and thus give insight into the capabilities of the planned PGNAA facility. Additional non-destructive techniques were studied employing the DD neutron generator, such as PGNAA and neutron radiography: The PGNAA is used for determining the concentration of 10B in Si and SiO2 matrices by using a germanium detector HPGe and the results obtained are compared with PGNAA system using a Sodium Iodide detector (NaI (Tl)); Neutron radiography facility was tested and simulated, using a camera device CCD and simulated by the Monte Carlo code; and the explosive detection system (EDS) also simulated using the Monte Carlo code. The study allows us to show that the new models of DD neutron generators are feasible and that superior-quality neutron beams could be produced and used for various applications. The feasibility of Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer treatment using a neutron generator was assessed by optimizing Beam Shaping Assembly (BSA) on a phantom using Monte-Carlo (MCNP6) simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20generator%20deuterium-deuterium" title="neutron generator deuterium-deuterium">neutron generator deuterium-deuterium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20method" title=" Monte Carlo method"> Monte Carlo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20flux" title=" neutron flux"> neutron flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20activation%20analysis" title=" neutron activation analysis"> neutron activation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=born" title=" born"> born</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20radiography" title=" neutron radiography"> neutron radiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosive%20detection" title=" explosive detection"> explosive detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BNCT" title=" BNCT"> BNCT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160335/fusion-neutron-generator-dosimetry-and-applications-for-medical-security-and-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">469</span> Coordinated Interference Canceling Algorithm for Uplink Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Messaoud%20Eljamai">Messaoud Eljamai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Hidouri"> Sami Hidouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an emerging technology for new cellular networks such as 5G systems. Its principle is to use many antennas per cell in order to maximize the network's spectral efficiency. Inter-cellular interference remains a fundamental problem. The use of massive MIMO will not derogate from the rule. It improves performances only when the number of antennas is significantly greater than the number of users. This, considerably, limits the networks spectral efficiency. In this paper, a coordinated detector for an uplink massive MIMO system is proposed in order to mitigate the inter-cellular interference. The proposed scheme combines the coordinated multipoint technique with an interference-cancelling algorithm. It requires the serving cell to send their received symbols, after processing, decision and error detection, to the interfered cells via a backhaul link. Each interfered cell is capable of eliminating intercellular interferences by generating and subtracting the user’s contribution from the received signal. The resulting signal is more reliable than the original received signal. This allows the uplink massive MIMO system to improve their performances dramatically. Simulation results show that the proposed detector improves system spectral efficiency compared to classical linear detectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massive%20MIMO" title="massive MIMO">massive MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COMP" title=" COMP"> COMP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20canceling%20algorithm" title=" interference canceling algorithm"> interference canceling algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110787/coordinated-interference-canceling-algorithm-for-uplink-massive-multiple-input-multiple-output-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">468</span> GA3C for Anomalous Radiation Source Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Yi%20Liu">Chia-Yi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo-Bin%20Xiao"> Bo-Bin Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Bin%20Lin"> Wen-Bin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiang-Ning%20Wu"> Hsiang-Ning Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang-Hsun%20Huang"> Liang-Hsun Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to reduce the risk of radiation damage that personnel may suffer during operations in the radiation environment, the use of automated guided vehicles to assist or replace on-site personnel in the radiation environment has become a key technology and has become an important trend. In this paper, we demonstrate our proof of concept for autonomous self-learning radiation source searcher in an unknown environment without a map. The research uses GPU version of Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic network (GA3C) of deep reinforcement learning to search for radiation sources. The searcher network, based on GA3C architecture, has self-directed learned and improved how search the anomalous radiation source by training 1 million episodes under three simulation environments. In each episode of training, the radiation source position, the radiation source intensity, starting position, are all set randomly in one simulation environment. The input for searcher network is the fused data from a 2D laser scanner and a RGB-D camera as well as the value of the radiation detector. The output actions are the linear and angular velocities. The searcher network is trained in a simulation environment to accelerate the learning process. The well-performance searcher network is deployed to the real unmanned vehicle, Dashgo E2, which mounts LIDAR of YDLIDAR G4, RGB-D camera of Intel D455, and radiation detector made by Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the field experiment, the unmanned vehicle is enable to search out the radiation source of the 18.5MBq Na-22 by itself and avoid obstacles simultaneously without human interference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20reinforcement%20learning" title="deep reinforcement learning">deep reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GA3C" title=" GA3C"> GA3C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20searching" title=" source searching"> source searching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20detection" title=" source detection"> source detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148264/ga3c-for-anomalous-radiation-source-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> Bioinformatics Identification of Rare Codon Clusters in Proteins Structure of HBV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdorrasoul%20Malekpour">Abdorrasoul Malekpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ghorbani%20Mojtaba%20Mortazavi"> Mohammad Ghorbani Mojtaba Mortazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Fattahi"> Mohammadreza Fattahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hassan%20Meshkibaf"> Mohammad Hassan Meshkibaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Fakhrzad"> Ali Fakhrzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Salehi"> Saeid Salehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Zahedi"> Saeideh Zahedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Ahmadimoghaddam"> Amir Ahmadimoghaddam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parviz%20Farzadnia%20Dr."> Parviz Farzadnia Dr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Hajyani%20Asl%20Bs"> Mohammadreza Hajyani Asl Bs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hepatitis B as an infectious disease has eight main genotypes (A–H). The aim of this study is to Bioinformatically identify Rare Codon Clusters (RCC) in proteins structure of HBV. For detection of protein family accession numbers (Pfam) of HBV proteins; used of uni-prot database and Pfam search tool were used. Obtained Pfam IDs were analyzed in Sherlocc program and RCCs in HBV proteins were detected. In further, the structures of TrEMBL entries proteins studied in PDB database and 3D structures of the HBV proteins and locations of RCCs were visualized and studied using Swiss PDB Viewer software. Pfam search tool have found nine significant hits and 0 insignificant hits in 3 frames. Results of Pfams studied in the Sherlocc program show this program not identified RCCs in the external core antigen (PF08290) and truncated HBeAg protein (PF08290). By contrast the RCCs become identified in Hepatitis core antigen (PF00906) Large envelope protein S (PF00695), X protein (PF00739), DNA polymerase (viral) N-terminal domain (PF00242) and Protein P (Pf00336). In HBV genome, seven RCC identified that found in hepatitis core antigen, large envelope protein S and DNA polymerase proteins and proteins structures of TrEMBL entries sequences that reported in Sherlocc program outputs are not complete. Based on situation of RCC in structure of HBV proteins, it suggested those RCCs are important in HBV life cycle. We hoped that this study provide a new and deep perspective in protein research and drug design for treatment of HBV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20codon%20clusters" title="rare codon clusters">rare codon clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B%20virus" title=" hepatitis B virus"> hepatitis B virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatic%20study" title=" bioinformatic study"> bioinformatic study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title=" infectious disease "> infectious disease </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24687/bioinformatics-identification-of-rare-codon-clusters-in-proteins-structure-of-hbv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> Simulation of the Collimator Plug Design for Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis in the IEA-R1 Nuclear Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20G.%20Santos">Carlos G. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederico%20A.%20Genezini"> Frederico A. Genezini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Dos%20Santos"> A. P. Dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yorivaz"> H. Yorivaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20T.%20D.%20Siqueira"> P. T. D. Siqueira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) is a valuable technique for investigating the elemental composition of various samples. However, the installation of a PGAA system entails specific conditions such as filtering the neutron beam according to the target and providing adequate shielding for both users and detectors. These requirements incur substantial costs, exceeding $100,000, including manpower. Nevertheless, a cost-effective approach involves leveraging an existing neutron beam facility to create a hybrid system integrating PGAA and Neutron Tomography (NT). The IEA-R1 nuclear reactor at IPEN/USP possesses an NT facility with suitable conditions for adapting and implementing a PGAA device. The NT facility offers a thermal flux slightly colder and provides shielding for user protection. The key additional requirement involves designing detector shielding to mitigate high gamma ray background and safeguard the HPGe detector from neutron-induced damage. This study employs Monte Carlo simulations with the MCNP6 code to optimize the collimator plug for PGAA within the IEA-R1 NT facility. Three collimator models are proposed and simulated to assess their effectiveness in shielding gamma and neutron radiation from nucleon fission. The aim is to achieve a focused prompt-gamma signal while shielding ambient gamma radiation. The simulation results indicate that one of the proposed designs is particularly suitable for the PGAA-NT hybrid system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP6.1" title="MCNP6.1">MCNP6.1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron" title=" neutron"> neutron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prompt-gamma%20ray" title=" prompt-gamma ray"> prompt-gamma ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prompt-gamma%20activation%20analysis" title=" prompt-gamma activation analysis"> prompt-gamma activation analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179265/simulation-of-the-collimator-plug-design-for-prompt-gamma-activation-analysis-in-the-iea-r1-nuclear-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> THz Phase Extraction Algorithms for a THz Modulating Interferometric Doppler Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaolin%20Allen%20Liao">Shaolin Allen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hual-Te%20Chien"> Hual-Te Chien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various THz phase extraction algorithms have been developed for a novel THz Modulating Interferometric Doppler Radar (THz-MIDR) developed recently by the author. The THz-MIDR differs from the well-known FTIR technique in that it introduces a continuously modulating reference branch, compared to the time-consuming discrete FTIR stepping reference branch. Such change allows real-time tracking of a moving object and capturing of its Doppler signature. The working principle of the THz-MIDR is similar to the FTIR technique: the incoming THz emission from the scene is split by a beam splitter/combiner; one of the beams is continuously modulated by a vibrating mirror or phase modulator and the other split beam is reflected by a reflection mirror; finally both the modulated reference beam and reflected beam are combined by the same beam splitter/combiner and detected by a THz intensity detector (for example, a pyroelectric detector). In order to extract THz phase from the single intensity measurement signal, we have derived rigorous mathematical formulas for 3 Frequency Banded (FB) signals: 1) DC Low-Frequency Banded (LFB) signal; 2) Fundamental Frequency Banded (FFB) signal; and 3) Harmonic Frequency Banded (HFB) signal. The THz phase extraction algorithms are then developed based combinations of 2 or all of these 3 FB signals with efficient algorithms such as Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear fitting algorithm. Numerical simulation has also been performed in Matlab with simulated THz-MIDR interferometric signal of various Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) to verify the algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title="algorithm">algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation" title=" modulation"> modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THz%20phase" title=" THz phase"> THz phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THz%20interferometry%20doppler%20radar" title=" THz interferometry doppler radar"> THz interferometry doppler radar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48964/thz-phase-extraction-algorithms-for-a-thz-modulating-interferometric-doppler-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> New Test Algorithm to Detect Acute and Chronic HIV Infection Using a 4th Generation Combo Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barun%20K.%20De">Barun K. De</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two types of human immunodeficiency viruses, collectively designated HIV. HIV infection is spreading globally particularly in developing countries. Before an individual is diagnosed with HIV, the disease goes through different phases. First there is an acute early phase that is followed by an established or chronic phase. Subsequently, there is a latency period after which the individual becomes immunodeficient. It is in the acute phase that an individual is highly infectious due to a high viral load. Presently, HIV diagnosis involves use of tests that do not detect the acute phase infection during which both the viral RNA and p24 antigen are expressed. Instead, these less sensitive tests detect antibodies to viral antigens which are typically sero-converted later in the disease process following acute infection. These antibodies are detected in both asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals as well as AIDS patients. Studies indicate that early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection can reduce medical costs, improve survival, and reduce spreading of infection to new uninfected partners. Newer 4th generation combination antigen/antibody tests are highly sensitive and specific for detection of acute and established HIV infection (HIV1 and HIV2) enabling immediate linkage to care. The CDC (Center of Disease Control, USA) recently recommended an algorithm involving three different tests to screen and diagnose acute and established infections of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a general population. Initially a 4th generation combo test detects a viral antigen p24 and specific antibodies against HIV -1 and HIV-2 envelope proteins. If the test is positive it is followed by a second test known as a differentiation assay which detects antibodies against specific HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope proteins confirming established infection of HIV-1 or HIV-2. However if it is negative then another test is performed that measures viral load confirming an acute HIV-1 infection. Screening results of a Phoenix area population detected 0.3% new HIV infections among which 32.4% were acute cases. Studies in the U.S. indicate that this algorithm effectively reduces HIV infection through immediate treatment and education following diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20algorithm" title="new algorithm">new algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21147/new-test-algorithm-to-detect-acute-and-chronic-hiv-infection-using-a-4th-generation-combo-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Using Passive Cooling Strategies to Reduce Thermal Cooling Load for Coastal High-Rise Buildings of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Zamzam">Ahmad Zamzam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of the economy in recent years, Saudi Arabia has been maintaining high economic growth. Therefore, its energy consumption has increased dramatically. This economic growth reflected on the expansion of high-rise tower's construction. Jeddah coastal strip (cornice) has many high-rise buildings planned to start next few years. These projects required a massive amount of electricity that was not planned to be supplied by the old infrastructure. This research studies the effect of the building envelope on its thermal performance. It follows a parametric simulation methodology using Ecotect software to analyze the effect of the building envelope design on its cooling energy load for an office high-rise building in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which includes building geometrical form, massing treatments, orientation and glazing type effect. The research describes an integrated passive design approach to reduce the cooling requirement for high-rise building through an improved building envelope design. The research used Ecotect to make four simulation studies; the first simulation compares the thermal performance of five high-rise buildings, presenting the basic shape of the plan. All the buildings have the same plan area and same floor height. The goal of this simulation is to find out the best shape for the thermal performance. The second simulation studies the effect of orientation on the thermal performance by rotating the same building model to find out the best and the worst angle for the building thermal performance. The third simulation studies the effect of the massing treatment on the total cooling load. It compared five models with different massing treatment, but with the same total built up area. The last simulation studied the effect of the glazing type by comparing the total cooling load of the same building using five different glass type and also studies the feasibility of using these glass types by studying the glass cost effect. The results indicate that using the circle shape as building plan could reduce the thermal cooling load by 40%. Also, using shading devices could reduce the cooling loads by 5%. The study states that using any of the massing grooving, recess or any treatment that could increase the outer exposed surface is not preferred and will decrease the building thermal performance. Also, the result shows that the best direction for glazing and openings from thermal performance viewpoint in Jeddah is the North direction while the worst direction is the East one. The best direction angle for openings - regarding the thermal performance in Jeddah- is 15 deg West and the worst is 250 deg West (110 deg East). Regarding the glass type effect, comparing to the double glass with air fill type as a reference case, the double glass with Air-Low-E will save 14% from the required amount of the thermal cooling load annually. Argon fill and triple glass will save 16% and 17% from the total thermal cooling load respectively, but for the glass cost purpose, using the Argon fill and triple glass is not feasible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20cooling" title="passive cooling">passive cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduce%20thermal%20load" title=" reduce thermal load"> reduce thermal load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeddah" title=" Jeddah"> Jeddah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20shape" title=" building shape"> building shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89718/using-passive-cooling-strategies-to-reduce-thermal-cooling-load-for-coastal-high-rise-buildings-of-jeddah-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> The application of Gel Dosimeters and Comparison with other Dosimeters in Radiotherapy: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujan%20Mahamud">Sujan Mahamud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: A major challenge in radiotherapy treatment is to deliver precise dose of radiation to the tumor with minimum dose to the healthy normal tissues. Recently, gel dosimetry has emerged as a powerful tool to measure three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution for complex delivery verification and quality assurance. These dosimeters act both as a phantom and detector, thus confirming the versatility of dosimetry technique. The aim of the study is to know the application of Gel Dosimeters in Radiotherapy and find out the comparison with 1D and 2D dimensional dosimeters. Methods and Materials: The study is carried out from Gel Dosimeter literatures. Secondary data and images have been collected from different sources such as different guidelines, books, and internet, etc. Result: Analyzing, verifying, and comparing data from treatment planning system (TPS) is determined that gel dosimeter is a very excellent powerful tool to measure three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution. The TPS calculated data were in very good agreement with the dose distribution measured by the ferrous gel. The overall uncertainty in the ferrous-gel dose determination was considerably reduced using an optimized MRI acquisition protocol and a new MRI scanner. The method developed for comparing measuring gel data with calculated treatment plans, the gel dosimetry method, was proven to be a useful for radiation treatment planning verification. In 1D and 2D Film, the depth dose and lateral for RMSD are 1.8% and 2%, and max (Di-Dj) are 2.5% and 8%. Other side 2D+ ( 3D) Film Gel and Plan Gel for RMSDstruct and RMSDstoch are 2.3% & 3.6% and 1% & 1% and system deviation are -0.6% and 2.5%. The study is investigated that the result fined 2D+ (3D) Film Dosimeter is better than the 1D and 2D Dosimeter. Discussion: Gel Dosimeters is quality control and quality assurance tool which will used the future clinical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gel%20dosimeters" title="gel dosimeters">gel dosimeters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phantom" title=" phantom"> phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rmsd" title=" rmsd"> rmsd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QC" title=" QC"> QC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detector" title=" detector"> detector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144376/the-application-of-gel-dosimeters-and-comparison-with-other-dosimeters-in-radiotherapy-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Dose Profiler: A Tracking Device for Online Range Monitoring in Particle Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Battistoni">G. Battistoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Collamati"> F. Collamati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20De%20Lucia"> E. De Lucia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Faccini"> R. Faccini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Mancini-Terracciano"> C. Mancini-Terracciano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Marafini"> M. Marafini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Mattei"> I. Mattei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Muraro"> S. Muraro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Patera"> V. Patera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sarti"> A. Sarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sciubba"> A. Sciubba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Solfaroli%20Camillocci"> E. Solfaroli Camillocci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Toppi"> M. Toppi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Traini"> G. Traini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Valle"> S. M. Valle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Voena"> C. Voena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accelerated charged particles, mainly protons and carbon ions, are presently used in Particle Therapy (PT) to treat solid tumors. The precision of PT exploiting the charged particle high localized dose deposition in tissues and biological effectiveness in killing cancer cells demands for an online dose monitoring technique, crucial to improve the quality assurance of treatments: possible patient mis-positionings and biological changes with respect to the CT scan could negatively affect the therapy outcome. In PT the beam range confined in the irradiated target can be monitored thanks to the secondary radiation produced by the interaction of the projectiles with the patient tissue. The Dose Profiler (DP) is a novel device designed to track charged secondary particles and reconstruct their longitudinal emission distribution, correlated to the Bragg peak position. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated by dedicated experimental measurements. The DP has been developed in the framework of the INSIDE project, MIUR, INFN and Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche 'E. Fermi', Roma, Italy and will be tested at the Proton Therapy center of Trento (Italy) within the end of 2017. The DP combines a tracker, made of six layers of two-view scintillating fibers with square cross section (0.5 x 0.5 mm2) with two layers of two-view scintillating bars (section 12.0 x 0.6 mm2). The electronic readout is performed by silicon photomultipliers. The sensitive area of the tracking planes is 20 x 20 cm2. To optimize the detector layout, a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on the FLUKA code has been developed. The complete DP geometry and the track reconstruction code have been fully implemented in the MC. In this contribution, the DP hardware will be described. The expected detector performance computed using a dedicated simulation of a 220 MeV/u carbon ion beam impinging on a PMMA target will be presented, and the result will be discussed in the standard clinical application framework. A possible procedure for real-time beam range monitoring is proposed, following the expectations in actual clinical operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20range%20monitoring" title="online range monitoring">online range monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20therapy" title=" particle therapy"> particle therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title=" quality assurance"> quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking%20detector" title=" tracking detector"> tracking detector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71767/dose-profiler-a-tracking-device-for-online-range-monitoring-in-particle-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Development of Hydrodynamic Drag Calculation and Cavity Shape Generation for Supercavitating Torpedoes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sertac%20Arslan">Sertac Arslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sezer%20Kefeli"> Sezer Kefeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, firstly supercavitating phenomenon and supercavity shape design parameters are explained and then drag force calculation methods of high speed supercavitating torpedoes are investigated with numerical techniques and verified with empirical studies. In order to reach huge speeds such as 200, 300 knots for underwater vehicles, hydrodynamic hull drag force which is proportional to density of water (ρ) and square of speed should be reduced. Conventional heavy weight torpedoes could reach up to ~50 knots by classic underwater hydrodynamic techniques. However, to exceed 50 knots and reach about 200 knots speeds, hydrodynamic viscous forces must be reduced or eliminated completely. This requirement revives supercavitation phenomena that could be implemented to conventional torpedoes. Supercavitation is the use of cavitation effects to create a gas bubble, allowing the torpedo to move at huge speed through the water by being fully developed cavitation bubble. When the torpedo moves in a cavitation envelope due to cavitator in nose section and solid fuel rocket engine in rear section, this kind of torpedoes could be entitled as Supercavitating Torpedoes. There are two types of cavitation; first one is natural cavitation, and second one is ventilated cavitation. In this study, disk cavitator is modeled with natural cavitation and supercavitation phenomenon parameters are studied. Moreover, drag force calculation is performed for disk shape cavitator with numerical techniques and compared via empirical studies. Drag forces are calculated with computational fluid dynamics methods and different empirical methods. Numerical calculation method is developed by comparing with empirical results. In verification study cavitation number (σ), drag coefficient (CD) and drag force (D), cavity wall velocity (U <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavity%20envelope" title="cavity envelope">cavity envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20underwater%20vehicles" title=" high speed underwater vehicles"> high speed underwater vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavitation" title=" supercavitation"> supercavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavity%20flows" title=" supercavity flows"> supercavity flows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104641/development-of-hydrodynamic-drag-calculation-and-cavity-shape-generation-for-supercavitating-torpedoes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Adobe Attenuation Coefficient Determination and Its Comparison with Other Shielding Materials for Energies Found in Common X-Rays Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camarena%20Rodriguez%20C.%20S.">Camarena Rodriguez C. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portocarrero%20Bonifaz%20A."> Portocarrero Bonifaz A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palma%20Esparza%20R."> Palma Esparza R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romero%20Carlos%20N.%20A."> Romero Carlos N. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adobe is a construction material that fulfills the same function as a conventional brick. Widely used since ancient times, it is present in an appreciable percentage of buildings in Latin America. Adobe is a mixture of clay and sand. The interest in the study of the properties of this material arises due to its presence in the infrastructure of hospital´s radiological services, located in places with low economic resources, for the attenuation of radiation. Some materials such as lead and concrete are the most used for shielding and are widely studied in the literature. The present study will determine the mass attenuation coefficient of Adobe. The minimum required thicknesses for the primary and secondary barriers will be estimated for the shielding of radiological facilities where conventional and dental X-rays are performed. For the experimental procedure, an X-ray source emitted direct radiation towards different thicknesses of an Adobe barrier, and a detector was placed on the other side. For this purpose, an UNFORS Xi solid state detector was used, which collected information on the difference of radiation intensity. The initial parameters of the exposure started at 45 kV; and then the tube tension was varied in increments of 5 kV, reaching a maximum of 125 kV. The X-Ray tube was positioned at a distance of 0.5 m from the surface of the Adobe bricks, and the collimation of the radiation beam was set for an area of 0.15 m x 0.15 m. Finally, mathematical methods were applied to determine the mass attenuation coefficient for different energy ranges. In conclusion, the mass attenuation coefficient for Adobe was determined and the approximate thicknesses of the most common Adobe barriers in the hospital buildings were calculated for their later application in the radiological protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adobe" title="Adobe">Adobe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation%20coefficient" title=" attenuation coefficient"> attenuation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiological%20protection" title=" radiological protection"> radiological protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shielding" title=" shielding"> shielding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-rays" title=" x-rays"> x-rays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95051/adobe-attenuation-coefficient-determination-and-its-comparison-with-other-shielding-materials-for-energies-found-in-common-x-rays-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> Numerical Modelling of Hydrodynamic Drag and Supercavitation Parameters for Supercavitating Torpedoes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sezer%20Kefeli">Sezer Kefeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serta%C3%A7%20Arslan"> Sertaç Arslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, supercavitationphenomena, and parameters are explained, and hydrodynamic design approaches are investigated for supercavitating torpedoes. In addition, drag force calculation methods ofsupercavitatingvehicles are obtained. Basically, conventional heavyweight torpedoes reach up to ~50 knots by classic hydrodynamic techniques, on the other hand super cavitating torpedoes may reach up to ~200 knots, theoretically. However, in order to reachhigh speeds, hydrodynamic viscous forces have to be reduced or eliminated completely. This necessity is revived the supercavitation phenomena that is implemented to conventional torpedoes. Supercavitation is a type of cavitation, after all, it is more stable and continuous than other cavitation types. The general principle of supercavitation is to separate the underwater vehicle from water phase by surrounding the vehicle with cavitation bubbles. This situation allows the torpedo to operate at high speeds through the water being fully developed cavitation. Conventional torpedoes are entitled as supercavitating torpedoes when the torpedo moves in a cavity envelope due to cavitator in the nose section and solid fuel rocket engine in the rear section. There are two types of supercavitation phase, these are natural and artificial cavitation phases. In this study, natural cavitation is investigated on the disk cavitators based on numerical methods. Once the supercavitation characteristics and drag reduction of natural cavitationare studied on CFD platform, results are verified with the empirical equations. As supercavitation parameters cavitation number (), pressure distribution along axial axes, drag coefficient (C_?) and drag force (D), cavity wall velocity (U_?) and dimensionless cavity shape parameters, which are cavity length (L_?/d_?), cavity diameter(d_ₘ/d_?) and cavity fineness ratio (〖L_?/d〗_ₘ) are investigated and compared with empirical results. This paper has the characteristics of feasibility study to carry out numerical solutions of the supercavitation phenomena comparing with empirical equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavity%20envelope" title=" cavity envelope"> cavity envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20underwater%20vehicles" title=" high speed underwater vehicles"> high speed underwater vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavitating%20flows" title=" supercavitating flows"> supercavitating flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavitation" title=" supercavitation"> supercavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20reduction" title=" drag reduction"> drag reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavitation%20parameters" title=" supercavitation parameters"> supercavitation parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144705/numerical-modelling-of-hydrodynamic-drag-and-supercavitation-parameters-for-supercavitating-torpedoes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envelope%20detector&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envelope%20detector&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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