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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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title="Particle physics">particle physics</a> experiment based on a liquid <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> detector, aiming at measuring signals from <a href="/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="Weakly interacting massive particles">WIMPs</a> (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), which may constitute the <a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Matter">Dark Matter</a> in the universe. <a href="/wiki/Elastic_scattering" title="Elastic scattering">Elastic scattering</a> of WIMPs from argon nuclei is measurable by observing free electrons from <a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">ionization</a> and photons from <a href="/wiki/Scintillation_(physics)" title="Scintillation (physics)">scintillation</a>, which are produced by the recoiling nucleus interacting with neighbouring atoms. The ionization and scintillation signals can be measured with dedicated readout techniques, which constituted a fundamental part of the detector. </p><p>In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a <a href="/wiki/Cryogenics" title="Cryogenics">cryogenic system</a>. </p><p>The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at <a href="/wiki/Canfranc_Underground_Laboratory" title="Canfranc Underground Laboratory">Canfranc Underground Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ArDM did not find signals of dark matter particles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detecting_WIMPs_with_argon">Detecting WIMPs with argon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArDM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Detecting WIMPs with argon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ArDM detector aimed at directly detecting signals from WIMPs via elastic scattering from argon nuclei. During the scattering, a certain recoil energy - typically lying between 1 keV and 100 keV - is supposedly transferred from the WIMP to the argon nucleus. </p><p>It is not known how frequently a signal from WIMP-argon interaction can be expected (if at all). This rate depends on the properties of the WIMP. One of the most popular candidates for a WIMP is the <a href="/wiki/Lightest_Supersymmetric_Particle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightest Supersymmetric Particle">Lightest Supersymmetric Particle</a> (LSP) or neutralino from <a href="/wiki/Supersymmetry" title="Supersymmetry">supersymmetric theories</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Cross_section_(physics)" title="Cross section (physics)">cross section</a> with nucleons presumably lies between 10<sup>−12</sup> <a href="/wiki/Barn_(unit)" title="Barn (unit)">pb</a> and 10<sup>−6</sup> pb, making WIMP-nucleon interactions a rare event. The total event rate can be increased by optimizing the target properties, such as increasing the target mass. The ArDM detector was planned to contain approximately one ton of liquid argon. This target mass corresponded to an event rate of approximately 100 events per day at a cross section of 10<sup>−6</sup> pb or 0.01 events per day at 10<sup>−10</sup> pb. </p><p>Small event rates require a powerful background rejection. An important background for argon based detectors comes from the presence of the unstable <sup>39</sup>Ar isotope in natural argon liquefied from the atmosphere. <sup>39</sup>Ar undergoes <a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">beta decay</a> with a halflife of 269 years and an endpoint of the beta spectrum at 565 keV. The ratio of ionization over scintillation from electron and gamma interactions is different than WIMP scattering should produce. The <sup>39</sup>Ar background is therefore well distinguishable, with a precise determination of the ionization/scintillation ratio. As an alternative, the use of depleted argon from underground wells has been considered. </p><p>Neutrons emitted by detector components and by materials surrounding the detector interact with argon in the same way as the putative WIMPs. The neutron background is therefore nearly indistinguishable and has to be reduced as well as possible, as for example by carefully choosing the detector materials. Furthermore, an estimation or measurement of the remaining neutron flux is necessary. </p><p>The detector was run underground in order to avoid backgrounds induced by <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic rays">cosmic rays</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArDM&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ArDM detector was assembled and tested at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> in 2006. Above ground studies of the equipment and detector performance were performed before it was moved underground in 2012 in the <a href="/wiki/Canfranc_Underground_Laboratory" title="Canfranc Underground Laboratory">Canfranc Underground Laboratory</a> in Spain. It was commissioned and tested at room temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the April 2013 run underground, the light yield was improved compared to surface conditions. Cold argon gas runs were planned as well as continued detector development. Liquid argon results were planned for 2014. </p><p>Beyond the one-ton version, the detector size can be increased without fundamentally changing its technology. A ten-ton liquid argon detector was considered as an expansion possibility for ArDM. Experiments for Dark Matter detection at a mass scale of 1 kg to 100 kg with negative results demonstrated the necessity of ton-scale experiments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_Directions">Future Directions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArDM&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Future Directions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dark_Side-50_Detector_(DS-50).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dark_Side-50_Detector_%28DS-50%29.png/220px-Dark_Side-50_Detector_%28DS-50%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dark_Side-50_Detector_%28DS-50%29.png/330px-Dark_Side-50_Detector_%28DS-50%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Dark_Side-50_Detector_%28DS-50%29.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program", of which ArDM was a member, is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the <a href="/wiki/Electroluminescence" title="Electroluminescence">electroluminescence</a> created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArDM&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf">"ArDM (LSC EXP-08) status report and shutdown plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 3 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240828041003/https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ArDM+%28LSC+EXP-08%29+status+report+and+shutdown+plan&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flsc-canfranc.es%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F02%2F1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArDM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadertscherBayBourgeoisCantini2013" class="citation journal cs1">Badertscher, A.; Bay, F.; Bourgeois, N.; Cantini, C.; Curioni, A.; Daniel, M.; Degunda, U.; Luise, S Di; Epprecht, L.; Gendotti, A.; Horikawa, S.; Knecht, L.; Lussi, D.; Maire, G.; Montes, B.; Murphy, S.; Natterer, G.; Nikolics, K.; Nguyen, K.; Periale, L.; Ravat, S.; Resnati, F.; Romero, L.; Rubbia, A.; Santorelli, R.; Sergiampietri, F.; Sgalaberna, D.; Viant, T.; Wu, S. (2013). "ArDM: first results from underground commissioning". <i>JINST</i>. <b>8</b> (9): C09005. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.3992">1309.3992</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JInst...8C9005B">2013JInst...8C9005B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-0221%2F8%2F09%2FC09005">10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/C09005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118684007">118684007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JINST&rft.atitle=ArDM%3A+first+results+from+underground+commissioning&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=C09005&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1309.3992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118684007%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-0221%2F8%2F09%2FC09005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013JInst...8C9005B&rft.aulast=Badertscher&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Bay%2C+F.&rft.au=Bourgeois%2C+N.&rft.au=Cantini%2C+C.&rft.au=Curioni%2C+A.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+M.&rft.au=Degunda%2C+U.&rft.au=Luise%2C+S+Di&rft.au=Epprecht%2C+L.&rft.au=Gendotti%2C+A.&rft.au=Horikawa%2C+S.&rft.au=Knecht%2C+L.&rft.au=Lussi%2C+D.&rft.au=Maire%2C+G.&rft.au=Montes%2C+B.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+S.&rft.au=Natterer%2C+G.&rft.au=Nikolics%2C+K.&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+K.&rft.au=Periale%2C+L.&rft.au=Ravat%2C+S.&rft.au=Resnati%2C+F.&rft.au=Romero%2C+L.&rft.au=Rubbia%2C+A.&rft.au=Santorelli%2C+R.&rft.au=Sergiampietri%2C+F.&rft.au=Sgalaberna%2C+D.&rft.au=Viant%2C+T.&rft.au=Wu%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArDM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossiAgnesAlexanderAlton2016" class="citation journal cs1">Rossi, B.; Agnes, P.; Alexander, T.; Alton, A.; Arisaka, K.; Back, H. O.; Baldin, B.; Biery, K.; Bonfini, G. (2016-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fepjconf%2F201612106010">"The DarkSide Program"</a>. <i>EPJ Web of Conferences</i>. <b>121</b>: 06010. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJWC.12106010R">2016EPJWC.12106010R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fepjconf%2F201612106010">10.1051/epjconf/201612106010</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPJ+Web+of+Conferences&rft.atitle=The+DarkSide+Program&rft.volume=121&rft.pages=06010&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2Fepjconf%2F201612106010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016EPJWC.12106010R&rft.aulast=Rossi&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Agnes%2C+P.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+T.&rft.au=Alton%2C+A.&rft.au=Arisaka%2C+K.&rft.au=Back%2C+H.+O.&rft.au=Baldin%2C+B.&rft.au=Biery%2C+K.&rft.au=Bonfini%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1051%252Fepjconf%252F201612106010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArDM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/">"DarkSide-50 detector"</a>. <i>darkside.lngs.infn.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=darkside.lngs.infn.it&rft.atitle=DarkSide-50+detector&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarkside.lngs.infn.it%2Fds-50%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArDM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_DarkSide_CollaborationAgnesAgostinoAlbuquerque2016" class="citation journal cs1">The DarkSide Collaboration; Agnes, P.; Agostino, L.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; Alexander, T.; Alton, A. K.; Arisaka, K.; Back, H. O.; Baldin, B. (2016-04-08). "Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search". <i>Physical Review D</i>. <b>93</b> (8): 081101. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.00702">1510.00702</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvD..93h1101A">2016PhRvD..93h1101A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.93.081101">10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2470-0010">2470-0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118655583">118655583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.atitle=Results+from+the+first+use+of+low+radioactivity+argon+in+a+dark+matter+search&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=081101&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118655583%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016PhRvD..93h1101A&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1510.00702&rft.issn=2470-0010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.93.081101&rft.au=The+DarkSide+Collaboration&rft.au=Agnes%2C+P.&rft.au=Agostino%2C+L.&rft.au=Albuquerque%2C+I.+F.+M.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+T.&rft.au=Alton%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Arisaka%2C+K.&rft.au=Back%2C+H.+O.&rft.au=Baldin%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArDM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrandi" class="citation web cs1">Grandi, Luca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/">"grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology"</a>. <i>grandilab.uchicago.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=grandilab.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=grandilab.uchicago%3A+dark+matter+search+with+noble+liquid+technology&rft.aulast=Grandi&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrandilab.uchicago.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArDM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArDM&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darkmatter.ethz.ch/">ArDM web site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dark_matter" title="Template:Dark matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dark_matter" title="Template talk:Dark matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dark_matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dark matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dark_matter398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">Dark matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Forms of<br />dark matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baryonic_dark_matter" title="Baryonic dark matter">Baryonic dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_dark_matter" title="Cold dark matter">Cold dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzy_cold_dark_matter" title="Fuzzy cold dark matter">Fuzzy cold dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dark_matter" title="Hot dark matter">Hot dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_dark_matter" title="Light dark matter">Light dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_dark_matter" title="Mixed dark matter">Mixed dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_dark_matter" title="Warm dark matter">Warm dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-interacting_dark_matter" title="Self-interacting dark matter">Self-interacting dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalar_field_dark_matter" title="Scalar field dark matter">Scalar field dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primordial_black_hole" title="Primordial black hole">Primordial black holes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1e0657_scale.jpg/150px-1e0657_scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1e0657_scale.jpg/225px-1e0657_scale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1e0657_scale.jpg/300px-1e0657_scale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2168" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Hypothetical particles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_photon" title="Dark photon">Dark photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightest_supersymmetric_particle" title="Lightest supersymmetric particle">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minicharged_particle" title="Minicharged particle">Minicharged particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterile_neutrino" title="Sterile neutrino">Sterile neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongly_interacting_massive_particle" title="Strongly interacting massive particle">SIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle" title="Weakly interacting massive particle">WIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISP_(particle_physics)" title="WISP (particle physics)">WISP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Theories<br />and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuspy_halo_problem" title="Cuspy halo problem">Cuspy halo problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fluid" title="Dark fluid">Dark fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_galaxy" title="Dark galaxy">Dark galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_globular_cluster" title="Dark globular cluster">Dark globular cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_matter_halo" title="Dark matter halo">Dark matter halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_radiation" title="Dark radiation">Dark radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(dark_matter)" title="Dark star (dark matter)">Dark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy_problem" title="Dwarf galaxy problem">Dwarf galaxy problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo_mass_function" title="Halo mass function">Halo mass function</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_dimension_one_fermions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mass dimension one fermions (page does not exist)">Mass dimension one fermions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_compact_halo_object" title="Massive compact halo object">Massive compact halo object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_matter" title="Mirror matter">Mirror matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarro%E2%80%93Frenk%E2%80%93White_profile" title="Navarro–Frenk–White profile">Navarro–Frenk–White profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalar_field_dark_matter" title="Scalar field dark matter">Scalar field dark matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Search<br />experiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Direct<br />detection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axion_Dark_Matter_Experiment" title="Axion Dark Matter Experiment">ADMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANAIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ANAIS">ANAIS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ArDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Dark_Matter_Experiment" title="China Dark Matter Experiment">CDEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Dark_Matter_Search" title="Cryogenic Dark Matter Search">CDMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Low-Energy_Astrophysics_with_Neon" title="Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon">CLEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoGeNT" title="CoGeNT">CoGeNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Invisible_Mass_Search#COSINE" title="Korea Invisible Mass Search">COSINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Observatory_for_Signatures_Seen_in_Next-Generation_Underground_Searches" title="Cryogenic Observatory for Signatures Seen in Next-Generation Underground Searches">COSINUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO" title="PICO">COUPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Rare_Event_Search_with_Superconducting_Thermometers" title="Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers">CRESST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUORE" title="CUORE">CUORE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directional_Dark_Matter_Detector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directional Dark Matter Detector (page does not exist)">D3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMA/LIBRA" title="DAMA/LIBRA">DAMA/LIBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMA/NaI" title="DAMA/NaI">DAMA/NaI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DAMIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DAMIC (page does not exist)">DAMIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkSide_(dark_matter_experiment)" title="DarkSide (dark matter experiment)">DarkSide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARWIN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARWIN (page does not exist)">DARWIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEAP" title="DEAP">DEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DM-Ice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DM-Ice (page does not exist)">DM-Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Time_Projection_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber">DMTPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directional_Recoil_Identification_from_Tracks" title="Directional Recoil Identification from Tracks">DRIFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDELWEISS" title="EDELWEISS">EDELWEISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Underground_Rare_Event_Calorimeter_Array" title="European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array">EURECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Invisible_Mass_Search" title="Korea Invisible Mass Search">KIMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Underground_Xenon_experiment" title="Large Underground Xenon experiment">LUX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ_experiment" title="LZ experiment">LZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopole,_Astrophysics_and_Cosmic_Ray_Observatory" title="Monopole, Astrophysics and Cosmic Ray Observatory">MACRO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MIMAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIMAC (page does not exist)">MIMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Dark_Matter_Collaboration#Experiments" title="UK Dark Matter Collaboration">NAIAD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEWAGE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NEWAGE (page does not exist)">NEWAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEWS-G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NEWS-G (page does not exist)">NEWS-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PandaX" title="PandaX">PandaX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO" title="PICO">PICASSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO" title="PICO">PICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSEBUD" class="mw-redirect" title="ROSEBUD">ROSEBUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMA/LIBRA#SABRE" title="DAMA/LIBRA">SABRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMPLE_(dark_matter_experiment)" title="SIMPLE (dark matter experiment)">SIMPLE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TREX-DM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TREX-DM (page does not exist)">TREX-DM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Dark_Matter_Collaboration" title="UK Dark Matter Collaboration">UKDMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIMP_Argon_Programme" title="WIMP Argon Programme">WARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XENON" title="XENON">XENON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMASS" title="XMASS">XMASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZEPLIN-III" title="ZEPLIN-III">ZEPLIN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Indirect<br />detection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANTARES_(telescope)" title="ANTARES (telescope)">ANTARES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Thin_Ionization_Calorimeter" title="Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter">ATIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERN_Axion_Solar_Telescope" title="CERN Axion Solar Telescope">CAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Water_Cherenkov_Experiment" title="High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment">HAWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Stereoscopic_System" title="High Energy Stereoscopic System">HESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IceCube_Neutrino_Observatory" title="IceCube Neutrino Observatory">IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGIC_(telescope)" title="MAGIC (telescope)">MAGIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlensing_Observations_in_Astrophysics" title="Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics">MOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_Gravitational_Lensing_Experiment" title="Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment">OGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS" title="VERITAS">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MultiDark" title="MultiDark">MultiDark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVLAS" title="PVLAS">PVLAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Potential <a href="/wiki/Dark_galaxy" title="Dark galaxy">dark galaxies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HE0450-2958" title="HE0450-2958">HE0450-2958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVC_127-41-330" title="HVC 127-41-330">HVC 127-41-330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Cloud" title="Smith's Cloud">Smith's Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIRGOHI21" title="VIRGOHI21">VIRGOHI21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter">Antimatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_energy" title="Dark energy">Dark energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_matter" title="Exotic matter">Exotic matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_formation_and_evolution" title="Galaxy formation and evolution">Galaxy formation and evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustris_project" title="Illustris project">Illustris project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyon#Mass" title="Tachyon">Imaginary mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_mass" title="Negative mass">Negative mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniverseMachine" title="UniverseMachine">UniverseMachine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Dark_matter" title="Category:Dark matter">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>2 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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