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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Georg Gradnauer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="چورچ جرادناوير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چورچ جرادناوير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Граднауэр, Георг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Граднауэр, Георг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Gradnauer" title="Georg Gradnauer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georg Gradnauer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German politician (1866–1946)</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Gradnauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Georg_Gradnauer.jpg/220px-Georg_Gradnauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Georg_Gradnauer.jpg/330px-Georg_Gradnauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Georg_Gradnauer.jpg/440px-Georg_Gradnauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>Georg Gradnauer <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1931</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Georg Gradnauer</b> (16 November 1866 – 18 November 1946)<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a German newspaper editor and politician for the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> (SPD), and the first elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers-President_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers-President of Saxony">Minister-President of Saxony</a> following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">monarchy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_career">Education and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Gradnauer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, Gradnauer earned a <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in 1889, and became editor of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sächsische Arbeiterzeitung</i></span> (later <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dresdner_Volkszeitung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dresdner Volkszeitung (page does not exist)">Dresdner Volkszeitung</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresdner_Volkszeitung" class="extiw" title="de:Dresdner Volkszeitung">de</a>]</span></i>), the SPD paper in <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>, in 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A relative moderate within the Saxon SPD, he was replaced as editor by radicals <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Parvus" title="Alexander Parvus">Alexander Parvus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Marchlewski" title="Julian Marchlewski">Julian Marchlewski</a> in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradnauer subsequently moved to the SPD's <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> paper, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Vorw%C3%A4rts" title="Vorwärts">Vorwärts</a></i></span>, where he worked from 1897 with fellow <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformists</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Stampfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Stampfer (page does not exist)">Friedrich Stampfer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eisner" title="Kurt Eisner">Kurt Eisner</a>, until 1905, when they were ousted in favor of editors from the SPD's left wing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradnauer then returned to head the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sächsische Arbeiterzeitung</i></span> once more, meanwhile renamed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Dresdner Volkszeitung</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remained in that role until the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/German_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution">German Revolution</a> in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parallel with this newspaper work, he served as an SPD delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(German_Empire)" title="Reichstag (German Empire)">Reichstag</a>, in two stints: 1898 to 1907, and 1912 to 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_political_career">Later political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Gradnauer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After taking an active role in the <a href="/wiki/Saxony_in_the_German_Revolution_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Saxony in the German Revolution (1918–1919)">German Revolution in Saxony</a>, Gradnauer initially served as Minister of Justice in the new republican government of Saxony in 1918, and soon succeeded <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lipinski" title="Richard Lipinski">Richard Lipinski</a> as Minister of the Interior and chair of the provisional government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003209_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003209-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SPD won a plurality of the votes in the first Saxon elections under the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, on February 2, 1919, and Gradnauer ended up forming a minority government, becoming Saxony's first constitutional Minister-President on March 14. His minority government was formed after an attempt to form a coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Independent_SPD" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent SPD">Independent SPD</a> (USPD) foundered over the USPD's demand for recognition of workers' councils, and Gradnauer's preferred alternative, a coalition with the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Party" title="German Democratic Party">German Democratic Party</a> (DDP), was rejected by the majority of SPD delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199728–29_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199728–29-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gradnauer served as Minister-President for a little over a year. In May 1919, he used the military and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a></i></span> to put down left-wing radicals in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, in a small-scale reprise of the actions taken by the SPD national government under <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a> in putting down the <a href="/wiki/Spartacist_uprising" title="Spartacist uprising">Spartacist uprising</a> some months prior. This furthered the rift with the USPD, but enabled an SPD–DDP coalition in October 1919, with Gradnauer continuing as Minister-President at the head of the now-majority government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199736_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199736-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Left-wing resentment within the SPD began to build in early 1920, however, and Gradnauer was forced to resign in April 1920, with opposition to his use of the military against the radical left being joined by discontent over his unwillingness to replace conservative elements of the bureaucracy with Social Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199746,_58_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199746,_58-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded as Minister-President by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Buck" title="Wilhelm Buck">Wilhelm Buck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199746_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199746-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After resigning as Minister-President, Gradnauer was reelected to the Reichstag, serving from 1920 to 1924, and briefly (1921) holding a cabinet post as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">Minister of the Interior</a> under <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wirth" title="Joseph Wirth">Joseph Wirth</a>. He also served as delegate of the Saxon state government to Berlin from 1921 to 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was initially arrested by the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> in 1933, but released.<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being of Jewish origin,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003209_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003209-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was eventually sent to <a href="/wiki/Theresienstadt_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Theresienstadt concentration camp">Theresienstadt concentration camp</a> in 1944, but survived and was liberated in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradnaur joined the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party</a> in 1946 and died a few months later in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-akten_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Gradnauer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-akten-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akten_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0001/adr/adrag/kap1_7/para2_127.html">"Gradnauer, Georg"</a>. <i>Akten der Reichskanzlei, Weimarer Republik (online edition)</i>. <a href="/wiki/German_Federal_Archives" title="German Federal Archives">German Federal Archives</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Akten+der+Reichskanzlei%2C+Weimarer+Republik+%28online+edition%29&rft.atitle=Gradnauer%2C+Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Faktenreichskanzlei%2F1919-1933%2F0001%2Fadr%2Fadrag%2Fkap1_7%2Fpara2_127.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+Gradnauer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003158_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPulzer2003">Pulzer 2003</a>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003209-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003209_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulzer2003209_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPulzer2003">Pulzer 2003</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199728–29-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199728–29_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLapp1997">Lapp 1997</a>, pp. 28–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199736-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199736_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLapp1997">Lapp 1997</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199746,_58-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199746,_58_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLapp1997">Lapp 1997</a>, pp. 46, 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapp199746-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapp199746_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLapp1997">Lapp 1997</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Gradnauer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapp1997" class="citation book cs1">Lapp, Benjamin (1997). <i>Revolution from the Right: Politics, Class, and the Rise of Nazism in Saxony, 1919–1933</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">BRILL</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-391-04027-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-391-04027-8"><bdi>0-391-04027-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+from+the+Right%3A+Politics%2C+Class%2C+and+the+Rise+of+Nazism+in+Saxony%2C+1919%E2%80%931933&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-391-04027-8&rft.aulast=Lapp&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+Gradnauer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulzer2003" class="citation book cs1">Pulzer, Peter (2003). <i>Jews and the German State: The Political History of a Minority, 1848–1933</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Press" title="Wayne State University Press">Wayne State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-3130-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-3130-0"><bdi>0-8143-3130-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+and+the+German+State%3A+The+Political+History+of+a+Minority%2C+1848%E2%80%931933&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8143-3130-0&rft.aulast=Pulzer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+Gradnauer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minister-presidents_of_Saxony" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers-President_of_Saxony" title="Template:Ministers-President of Saxony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers-President_of_Saxony" title="Template talk:Ministers-President of Saxony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers-President_of_Saxony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers-President of Saxony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minister-presidents_of_Saxony" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minister-presidents_of_Saxony" title="List of minister-presidents of Saxony">Minister-presidents of Saxony</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a> (1806–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>office established 1831</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_Lindenau" title="Bernhard von Lindenau">Bernhard von Lindenau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Traugott_von_K%C3%B6nneritz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Traugott von Könneritz (page does not exist)">Julius Traugott von Könneritz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Karl_Hermann_Braun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Karl Hermann Braun (page does not exist)">Karl Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Friedrich_Held&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Friedrich Held (page does not exist)">Gustav Friedrich Held</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Zschinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Zschinsky (page does not exist)">Ferdinand Zschinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ferdinand_von_Beust" title="Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust">Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Paul_von_Falkenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Paul von Falkenstein (page does not exist)">Freiherr von Falkenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Friesen" title="Richard von Friesen">Freiherr von Friesen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_von_Fabrice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred von Fabrice (page does not exist)">Graf von Fabrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_Gerber" title="Carl Friedrich von Gerber">Karl von Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Hans_von_T%C3%BCmmel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Hans von Tümmel (page does not exist)">Julius Hans von Tümmel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Rudolf_Schurig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Rudolf Schurig (page does not exist)">Heinrich Rudolf Schurig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Georg_Levin_von_Metzsch-Reichenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Georg Levin von Metzsch-Reichenbach (page does not exist)">Karl von Metzsch-Reichenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Wilhelm_R%C3%BCger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konrad Wilhelm Rüger (page does not exist)">Konrad Wilhelm Rüger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Alexander_von_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Alexander von Otto (page does not exist)">Victor Alexander von Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Clemens_Lothar_von_Hausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Clemens Lothar von Hausen (page does not exist)">Freiherr von Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Gustav_Beck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Gustav Beck (page does not exist)">Heinrich Gustav Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Heinze" title="Rudolf Heinze">Rudolf Heinze</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Saxony"><img alt="Coat of arms of Saxony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">Revolutionary period</a> (1918–19)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lipinski" title="Richard Lipinski">Richard Lipinski</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georg Gradnauer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar period</a> (1919–33)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georg Gradnauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Buck" title="Wilhelm Buck">Wilhelm Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Zeigner" title="Erich Zeigner">Erich Zeigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Heinze" title="Rudolf Heinze">Rudolf Heinze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Fellisch" title="Alfred Fellisch">Alfred Fellisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Heldt" title="Max Heldt">Max Heldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_B%C3%BCnger" title="Wilhelm Bünger">Wilhelm Bünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Schieck" title="Walther Schieck">Walther Schieck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi period</a> (1933–45)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Freiherr_von_Killinger" title="Manfred Freiherr von Killinger">Freiherr von Killinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Mutschmann" title="Martin Mutschmann">Martin Mutschmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">Soviet administration / DDR</a> (1945–90)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Friedrichs" title="Rudolf Friedrichs">Rudolf Friedrichs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Seydewitz" title="Max Seydewitz">Max Seydewitz</a></li> <li><i>state abolished 1952–90</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> (since 1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Biedenkopf" title="Kurt Biedenkopf">Kurt Biedenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Milbradt" title="Georg Milbradt">Georg Milbradt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaw_Tillich" title="Stanislaw Tillich">Stanislaw Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kretschmer" title="Michael Kretschmer">Michael Kretschmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interior_Ministers_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interior_Ministers_of_Germany" title="Template:Interior Ministers of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interior_Ministers_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Interior Ministers of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interior_Ministers_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interior Ministers of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interior_Ministers_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_interior_ministers" title="List of German interior ministers">Interior Ministers of Germany</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1871–1918) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_von_Hofmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl von Hofmann (page does not exist)">Karl Hofmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_von_Boetticher" title="Karl Heinrich von Boetticher">Karl Heinrich von Boetticher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_von_Posadowsky-Wehner" title="Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner">Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_von_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Clemens von Delbrück">Clemens von Delbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Helfferich" title="Karl Helfferich">Karl Helfferich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Wallraf" title="Max Wallraf">Max Wallraf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Trimborn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Trimborn (page does not exist)">Karl Trimborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1918–33) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Preu%C3%9F" title="Hugo Preuß">Hugo Preuß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_David" title="Eduard David">Eduard David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Koch-Weser" title="Erich Koch-Weser">Erich Koch-Weser</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georg Gradnauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_K%C3%B6ster" title="Adolf Köster">Adolf Köster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Oeser" title="Rudolf Oeser">Rudolf Oeser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sollmann" title="Wilhelm Sollmann">Wilhelm Sollmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jarres" title="Karl Jarres">Karl Jarres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schiele" title="Martin Schiele">Martin Schiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Gessler" title="Otto Gessler">Otto Geßler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BClz" title="Wilhelm Külz">Wilhelm Külz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_von_Keudell" title="Walter von Keudell">Walter von Keudell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Severing" title="Carl Severing">Carl Severing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wirth" title="Joseph Wirth">Joseph Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Groener" title="Wilhelm Groener">Wilhelm Groener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Gayl" title="Wilhelm von Gayl">Wilhelm von Gayl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Bracht" title="Franz Bracht">Franz Bracht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1933–45) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giesler" title="Paul Giesler">Paul Giesler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart">Wilhelm Stuckart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">German Democratic Republic</a><span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"><sup>1</sup> (1949–90) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Steinhoff" title="Karl Steinhoff">Karl Steinhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Stoph" title="Willi Stoph">Willi Stoph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Maron" title="Karl Maron">Karl Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Dickel" title="Friedrich Dickel">Friedrich Dickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Ahrendt" title="Lothar Ahrendt">Lothar Ahrendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter-Michael_Diestel" title="Peter-Michael Diestel">Peter-Michael Diestel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1949–present) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Heinemann" title="Gustav Heinemann">Gustav Heinemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lehr" title="Robert Lehr">Robert Lehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der_(CDU)" title="Gerhard Schröder (CDU)">Gerhard Schröder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6cherl" title="Hermann Höcherl">Hermann Höcherl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_L%C3%BCcke" title="Paul Lücke">Paul Lücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Benda" title="Ernst Benda">Ernst Benda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Maihofer" title="Werner Maihofer">Werner Maihofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Baum" title="Gerhart Baum">Gerhart Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmude" title="Jürgen Schmude">Jürgen Schmude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Zimmermann" title="Friedrich Zimmermann">Friedrich Zimmermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Seiters" title="Rudolf Seiters">Rudolf Seiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Kanther" title="Manfred Kanther">Manfred Kanther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schily" title="Otto Schily">Otto Schily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Friedrich" title="Hans-Peter Friedrich">Hans-Peter Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Seehofer" title="Horst Seehofer">Horst Seehofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Faeser" title="Nancy Faeser">Nancy Faeser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%"><div><sup>1</sup> East Germany</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Wirth_cabinet_–_10_May_1921_to_22_October_1921" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Wirth_cabinet" title="Template:First Wirth cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Wirth_cabinet" title="Template talk:First Wirth cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Wirth_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Wirth cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Wirth_cabinet_–_10_May_1921_to_22_October_1921" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Wirth_cabinet" title="First Wirth cabinet">First Wirth cabinet</a> – 10 May 1921 to 22 October 1921</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:115%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wirth" title="Joseph Wirth">Joseph Wirth</a> (<i>Reichskanzler</i>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Zentrum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Bauer" title="Gustav Bauer">Gustav Bauer</a> (Deputy, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Rosen" title="Friedrich Rosen">Friedrich Rosen</a> (-)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georg Gradnauer</a> (SPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schmidt_(German_politician)" title="Robert Schmidt (German politician)">Robert Schmidt</a> (SPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Brauns" title="Heinrich Brauns">Heinrich Brauns</a> (Zentrum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Schiffer" title="Eugen Schiffer">Eugen Schiffer</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Party" title="German Democratic Party">DDP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Gessler" title="Otto Gessler">Otto Gessler</a> (DDP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Giesberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Giesberts (page does not exist)">Johannes Giesberts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Giesberts" class="extiw" title="de:Johannes Giesberts">de</a>]</span> (Zentrum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Groener" title="Wilhelm Groener">Wilhelm Groener</a> (-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Hermes" title="Andreas Hermes">Andreas Hermes</a> (Zentrum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Rathenau" title="Walther Rathenau">Walther Rathenau</a> (DDP)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_(Weimarer_Republik).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of the Weimar Republic"><img alt="Coat of Arms of the Weimar Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_%28Weimarer_Republik%29.svg/55px-Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_%28Weimarer_Republik%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_%28Weimarer_Republik%29.svg/83px-Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_%28Weimarer_Republik%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_%28Weimarer_Republik%29.svg/110px-Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_%28Weimarer_Republik%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="613" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85788#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85788#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85788#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000013589353">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/25363491">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHvqYVj7vrhr6Gdrv8md">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116807792">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p163930120">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90720240">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810666418605606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116807792.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/116807792">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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