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href="#Denumire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Denumire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denumire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Istorie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perioada_antichității_târzii_și_epoca_bizantină" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perioada_antichității_târzii_și_epoca_bizantină"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Perioada antichității târzii și epoca bizantină</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perioada_antichității_târzii_și_epoca_bizantină-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constantinopolul_și_Imperiul_Roman_de_Răsărit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constantinopolul_și_Imperiul_Roman_de_Răsărit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Constantinopolul și Imperiul Roman de Răsărit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constantinopolul_și_Imperiul_Roman_de_Răsărit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_medie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_medie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină medie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_medie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_târzie_și_înaintarea_turcilor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_târzie_și_înaintarea_turcilor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină târzie și înaintarea turcilor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_târzie_și_înaintarea_turcilor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperiul_Otoman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperiul_Otoman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Imperiul Otoman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperiul_Otoman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monumente_ale_perioadei_musulmane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monumente_ale_perioadei_musulmane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Monumente ale perioadei musulmane</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Monumente_ale_perioadei_musulmane-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Monumente ale perioadei musulmane subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Monumente_ale_perioadei_musulmane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moscheea_Maslama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moscheea_Maslama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Moscheea Maslama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moscheea_Maslama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moschei_arabe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moschei_arabe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Moschei arabe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moschei_arabe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morminte_și_locuri_de_pelerinaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morminte_și_locuri_de_pelerinaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Morminte și locuri de pelerinaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morminte_și_locuri_de_pelerinaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatură" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatură"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatură</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatură-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Constantinopol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 119 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Константинополь – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Константинополь" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinop%C3%A8l" title="Konstantinopèl – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Konstantinopèl" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القسطنطينية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القسطنطينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%A3" title="ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="كونستانتينوبوليس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كونستانتينوبوليس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopol" title="Konstantinopol – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Konstantinopol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87" title="قوسطنطنیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوسطنطنیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Канстанцінопаль – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канстанцінопаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Канстантынопаль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Канстантынопаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Константинопол – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Константинопол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2" title="কনস্টান্টিনোপল – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কনস্টান্টিনোপল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kergustentin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopolj" title="Konstantinopolj – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konstantinopolj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinoble" title="Constantinoble – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Constantinoble" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_(1930_%D1%88%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5)" title="Константинополь (1930 шо кхачале) – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Константинополь (1930 шо кхачале)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Constantinople" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95" title="قوستەنتینە – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوستەنتینە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopol" title="Konstantinopol – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konstantinopol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кустантин – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кустантин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caergystennin" title="Caergystennin – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caergystennin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopolis_(name)" title="Konstantinopolis (name) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Konstantinopolis (name)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%A4%DE%AA%DE%9E%DE%B0%DE%A0%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%A0%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ޤުޞްޠަންޠީނިއްޔާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޤުޞްޠަންޠީނިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Βυζαντινή Κωνσταντινούπολη – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βυζαντινή Κωνσταντινούπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Constantinople" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopolo" title="Konstantinopolo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstantinopolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinoopol" title="Konstantinoopol – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Konstantinoopol" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopla" title="Konstantinopla – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konstantinopla" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87" title="قسطنطنیه – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قسطنطنیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopoli" title="Konstantinopoli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konstantinopoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel_(s%C3%B8guligur_b%C3%BDur)" title="Konstantinopel (søguligur býur) – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Konstantinopel (søguligur býur)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Constantinople" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinoplo" title="Constantinoplo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Constantinoplo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair_Chonstaint%C3%ADn" title="Cathair Chonstaintín – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair Chonstaintín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B2" title="કોન્સ્ટેન્ટીનોપલ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કોન્સ્ટેન્ટીનોપલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="קונסטנטינופול – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קונסטנטינופול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क़ुस्तुंतुनिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क़ुस्तुंतुनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopol" title="Konstantinopol – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Konstantinopol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin%C3%B2p" title="Konstantinòp – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konstantinòp" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin%C3%A1poly" title="Konstantinápoly – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Konstantinápoly" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Կոստանդնուպոլիս – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոստանդնուպոլիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Պոլիս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պոլիս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopole" title="Constantinopole – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Constantinopole" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinoplo" title="Konstantinoplo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konstantinoplo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costantinopoli" title="Costantinopoli – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costantinopoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB" title="コンスタンティノープル – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンスタンティノープル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/konstantinupolis" title="konstantinupolis – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="konstantinupolis" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კონსტანტინოპოლი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონსტანტინოპოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqe%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADen%E1%B9%ADinit" title="Taqeṣṭenṭinit – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taqeṣṭenṭinit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನೋಪಲ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನೋಪಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="콘스탄티노폴리스 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콘스탄티노폴리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstant%C3%AEnopol%C3%AEs" title="Konstantînopolîs – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Konstantînopolîs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis_mediaevalis" title="Constantinopolis mediaevalis – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constantinopolis mediaevalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopoli" title="Konstantinopoli – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Konstantinopoli" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopoli" title="Constantinopoli – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Constantinopoli" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopel" title="Constantinopel – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Constantinopel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costantinopoli" title="Costantinopoli – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Costantinopoli" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costantinopel" title="Costantinopel – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Costantinopel" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopole" title="Konstantinopole – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Konstantinopole" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4nstantin%C3%B4p%C3%B4lisy" title="Kônstantinôpôlisy – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kônstantinôpôlisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Цариград – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цариград" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kustantiniyah" title="Kustantiniyah – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kustantiniyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostantinopli" title="Kostantinopli – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kostantinopli" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custantenobbule" title="Custantenobbule – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Custantenobbule" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopel" title="Constantinopel – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Constantinopel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ple" title="Constantinòple – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Constantinòple" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2" title="ਕੌਨਸਟੈਨਟੀਨੋਪਲ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੌਨਸਟੈਨਟੀਨੋਪਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Constantinople" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantynopol" title="Konstantynopol – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konstantynopol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="قسطنطنیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قسطنطنیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87" title="قسطنطنیه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قسطنطنیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kustantinupla" title="Kustantinupla – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kustantinupla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Константинополь – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Константинополь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Константинополь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Константинополь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costantin%C3%B2poli" title="Costantinòpoli – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Costantinòpoli" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costantinupoli" title="Costantinupoli – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Costantinupoli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Constantinople" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%DB%81" title="قسطنطنيہ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قسطنطنيہ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopolj" title="Konstantinopolj – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Konstantinopolj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපලය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Constantinople" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostandinopoja" title="Kostandinopoja – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kostandinopoja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99" title="Константинопољ – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Константинопољ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konstantinopel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopoli" title="Konstantinopoli – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Konstantinopoli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கான்ஸ்டண்டினோபில் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கான்ஸ்டண்டினோபில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Қустантиния – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қустантиния" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="คอนสแตนติโนเปิล – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอนสแตนติโนเปิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopolis" title="Konstantinopolis – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Konstantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="كونىستانتىنوپول – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كونىستانتىنوپول" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Константинополь – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Константинополь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="قسطنطنیہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قسطنطنیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinopol" title="Konstantinopol – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Konstantinopol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costantin%C3%B2pu%C5%82i" title="Costantinòpułi – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Costantinòpułi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinope" title="Constantinope – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Constantinope" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="君士坦丁堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კონსტანტინოპოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კონსტანტინოპოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="君士坦丁堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="君士坦丁堡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="君士坦丁堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Pagina „Țarigrad” trimite aici.<i> </i>Pentru satul cu același nume din <a href="/wiki/Raionul_Drochia" title="Raionul Drochia">raionul Drochia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a>, vedeți <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aarigrad,_Drochia" title="Țarigrad, Drochia">Țarigrad, Drochia</a>.</div> <table class="infocaseta" style="border-spacing:0;font-size:88%;padding:0;line-height:1.5em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet harta" style="height:41px">Constantinopol</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td align="center" colspan="2" class="porecla" style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:2;line-height:1.2em;background:linear-gradient( to right, rgba(45, 41, 46, 0), rgba(45, 41, 46, 0), rgba(45, 41, 46, 0), rgba(16, 23, 33, 0.25)) repeat-y right;padding-top:0"><span lang="grc" style="font-style:italic">Κωνσταντινούπολις</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow infocaseta_subheader"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:var(--color-base, #000)">—  <b><a href="/wiki/Ora%C8%99" title="Oraș">oraș</a> și <a href="/wiki/Diviziune_administrativ%C4%83" title="Diviziune administrativă">diviziune administrativă</a></b>  —</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png/290px-Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png/435px-Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png/580px-Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2888" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" align="center"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 290px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 290px; height: 138px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="138" data-zoom="4" data-lat="39" data-lon="35.2" data-overlays="["_6c16756099d5925150288d012d1dd4fdadcec746"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/39/35.2/ro"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,39,35.2,290x138.png?lang=ro&domain=ro.wikipedia.org&title=Constantinopol&revid=16653375&groups=_6c16756099d5925150288d012d1dd4fdadcec746" width="290" height="138" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,39,35.2,290x138@2x.png?lang=ro&domain=ro.wikipedia.org&title=Constantinopol&revid=16653375&groups=_6c16756099d5925150288d012d1dd4fdadcec746 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div><div>Constantinopol (Turcia)</div>Poziția geografică în Turcia</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:small;padding-bottom:0.7em">Coordonate: <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/41.0125/28.98/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="41.0125" data-lon="28.98" data-overlays="["_073cf379d82b0bd72c59b895c8bf39a0979b7a4e"]">41°00′45″N 28°58′48″E</a><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">{{PAGENAME}}</span>)</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/41.0125/28.98/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="41.0125" data-lon="28.98" data-overlays="["_073cf379d82b0bd72c59b895c8bf39a0979b7a4e"]">41.0125°N 28.98°E</a></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th><a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_lumii" class="mw-redirect" title="Țările lumii">Țară</a></th><th class="adr"><span class="country-name"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th>Numit după</th><td><a href="/wiki/Constantin_cel_Mare" title="Constantin cel Mare">Constantin cel Mare</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center"><b>Prezență online</b> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #dddddd solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869" class="extiw" title="d:Q16869">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_A%C8%99ezare" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513781">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infocaseta_subheader{background:var(--background-color-disabled-subtle,#ddd)}.mw-parser-output .infocaseta .antet{height:41px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-size:150%;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.2em;color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .porecla{color:var(--color-base,#000)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .porecla{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .porecla{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <p><b>Constantinopol</b> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă">greacă</a> <i>Κωνσταντινούπολις, Κωνσταντινούπολη – <i>Konstantinoúpolis</i>, <i>Konstantinoúpoli</i></i>; <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a> <i>Constantinopolis</i>; <a href="/wiki/Limba_turc%C4%83_otoman%C4%83" title="Limba turcă otomană">turcă otomană</a> <span lang="ota" dir="rtl" style="font-style:italic">قسطنطینیه, <i>Kostantiniyye</i></span>; acum <a href="/wiki/Limba_turc%C4%83" title="Limba turcă">turcă</a> <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul">İstanbul</a></i>) a fost <a href="/wiki/Capital%C4%83" title="Capitală">capitala</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit" title="Imperiul Roman de Răsărit">Imperiului Roman de Răsărit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Latin_de_Constantinopol" title="Imperiul Latin de Constantinopol">Imperiului Latin</a> și <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman" title="Imperiul Otoman">Imperiului Otoman</a>. A fost fondat în anul <a href="/wiki/330" title="330">330</a> d.Hr. de către împăratul roman <a href="/wiki/Constantin_cel_Mare" title="Constantin cel Mare">Constantin cel Mare</a>, pe locul vechii colonii grecești <i><a href="/wiki/Byzantion" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantion">Byzantion</a></i> („Bizanț”, ce data din <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_VII-lea_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Secolul al VII-lea î.Hr.">secolul al VII-lea î.Hr.</a>), care a stabilit aici noua <a href="/wiki/Capital%C4%83" title="Capitală">capitală</a> a <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman" title="Imperiul Roman">Imperiului Roman</a>. Numele acestei noi capitale a fost inițial <i>Nova Roma</i> („Noua Romă”), dar ulterior s-a încetățenit numele <i>Konstantinoúpolis</i> („orașul lui Constantin”). </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XII-lea" title="Secolul al XII-lea">secolul al XII-lea</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantinopolul era cel mai mare și cel mai bogat oraș din Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În timpul <a href="/wiki/Cruciada_a_patra" title="Cruciada a patra">celei de-a patra cruciade</a> din <a href="/wiki/1204" title="1204">1204</a> el a fost ocupat și jefuit de cruciații apuseni, dar a fost ulterior eliberat de forțele <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_de_la_Niceea" title="Imperiul de la Niceea">Imperiului de la Niceea</a> conduse de <a href="/wiki/Mihail_al_VIII-lea_Paleologul" title="Mihail al VIII-lea Paleologul">Mihail al VIII-lea Paleologul</a> în <a href="/wiki/1261" title="1261">1261</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultanul</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman" title="Imperiul Otoman">otoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahomed_al_II-lea" title="Mahomed al II-lea">Mahomed al II-lea</a> a <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83derea_Constantinopolului" title="Căderea Constantinopolului">cucerit Constantinopolul</a> la <a href="/wiki/29_mai" title="29 mai">29 mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>, după un asediu de două luni. Ultimul împărat bizantin, <a href="/wiki/Constantin_al_XI-lea_Paleologul" title="Constantin al XI-lea Paleologul">Constantin al XI-lea Paleologul</a>, a murit în luptă, încercând în zadar să apere zidurile cetății. Orașul a rămas capitala Imperiului Otoman până la destrămarea acestuia în 1922. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denumire">Denumire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Denumire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Denumire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orașul a fost fondat inițial ca o colonie greacă sub numele de <i><a href="/wiki/Bizan%C8%9B" title="Bizanț">Bizanț</a></i>, în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_VII-lea_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Secolul al VII-lea î.Hr.">secolul al VII-lea î.Hr.</a> Acesta a luat numele de <i>Konstantinoupolis</i> („orașul lui Constantin”, <i>Constantinopol</i>), după ce împăratul roman <a href="/wiki/Constantin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin I">Constantin I</a> a schimbat capitala imperiului de la cea istorică, <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, la Bizanț în anul 330 d.Hr. și a desemnat noua capitală <i>Nova Roma</i> sau „Noua Romă”. Denumirea modernă a orașului dată de turci,<i> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></i>, provine de la fraza <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă">greacă</a> <i>eis tin polin</i> (εις την πόλιν), care înseamnă „în oraș”. Această denumire s-a folosit în <a href="/wiki/Limba_turc%C4%83" title="Limba turcă">limba turcă</a> împreună cu <i>Kostantiniyye</i>, o adaptare mai formală a originalului <i>Constantinopol</i>. S-a numit Constantinopol până în secolul al 20-lea, de-a lungul perioadei existenței legilor <a href="/wiki/Imperiului_Otoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiului Otoman">otomane</a>, în timp ce cea mai mare parte a limbilor occidentale au continuat să se refere la oraș ca Constantinopol până în secolul al 20-lea. După crearea <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turciei</a> în 1923, guvernul turc a început să se opună în mod oficial utilizării denumirii de <i>Constantinopol</i> în alte limbi și a cerut ca să se folosească un nume comun pentru oraș.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În limba română veche Constantinopolul era denumit <i>Țarigrad</i>, adică „Cetatea Împăratului” sau a „Cezarului”, cu referire la faptul că până în anul <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> Constantinopolul a fost reședința <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit" title="Imperiul Roman de Răsărit">Imperiului Roman de Răsărit</a>. Numele <i>Țarigrad</i> a pătruns pe filieră <a href="/wiki/Slavon%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavonă">slavonă</a>. <i>Constantinopol</i> este o adaptare la fonetica <a href="/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba română">limbii române</a> a cuvântului <i>Konstantinoupolis</i>, care în <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă">limba greacă</a> înseamnă „Orașul lui Constantin”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perioada_antichității_târzii_și_epoca_bizantină"><span id="Perioada_antichit.C4.83.C8.9Bii_t.C3.A2rzii_.C8.99i_epoca_bizantin.C4.83"></span>Perioada antichității târzii și epoca bizantină</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Perioada antichității târzii și epoca bizantină" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Perioada antichității târzii și epoca bizantină"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constantinopolul_și_Imperiul_Roman_de_Răsărit"><span id="Constantinopolul_.C8.99i_Imperiul_Roman_de_R.C4.83s.C4.83rit"></span>Constantinopolul și Imperiul Roman de Răsărit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Constantinopolul și Imperiul Roman de Răsărit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Constantinopolul și Imperiul Roman de Răsărit"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bizansist_touchup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bizansist_touchup.jpg/220px-Bizansist_touchup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bizansist_touchup.jpg/330px-Bizansist_touchup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bizansist_touchup.jpg/440px-Bizansist_touchup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2516" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Constantinopolul perioadei bizantine târzii -reconstrucție</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Constantinople_imperial_district.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Constantinople_imperial_district.png/220px-Constantinople_imperial_district.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Constantinople_imperial_district.png/330px-Constantinople_imperial_district.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Constantinople_imperial_district.png/440px-Constantinople_imperial_district.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>Rezidența imperială dintre Hipodrom și Sfânta Irina</figcaption></figure> <p>Datorită creșterii importanței părții răsăritene a imperiului roman și a victoriei asupra ultimului rival Licinius, care a controlat imperiul roman de răsărit până în 324 Bizanțul este planificat din anul 326 de către împăratul roman Constantin cel Mare ca noua reședință imperială. Patru ani mai târziu este inaugurat în mod solem la 11 mai 330.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_medie"><span id="Constantinopolul_.C3.AEn_perioada_bizantin.C4.83_medie"></span>Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină medie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină medie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină medie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pe timpul Imperiului Bizantin în Constantinopol s-au fondat o mulțime de mănăstiri și edificii: <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sofia_din_Istanbul" title="Hagia Sofia din Istanbul">Catedrala Sfânta Sofia</a>, Biserica Sfinții Apostoli, Hippodromul, Arcul lui Constantin, Palatul lui Iustinian, Palatul imperial din Blachernae etc. Orașul avea trei rânduri de ziduri: zidul vechi (din Antichitate), Zidul lui Constantin (construit de <a href="/wiki/Constantin_cel_Mare" title="Constantin cel Mare">Constantin cel Mare</a>) și Zidul Theodosian (construit de <a href="/wiki/Teodosie_al_II-lea_al_Bizan%C8%9Bului" class="mw-redirect" title="Teodosie al II-lea al Bizanțului">Teodosiu II</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constantinopolul_în_perioada_bizantină_târzie_și_înaintarea_turcilor"><span id="Constantinopolul_.C3.AEn_perioada_bizantin.C4.83_t.C3.A2rzie_.C8.99i_.C3.AEnaintarea_turcilor"></span>Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină târzie și înaintarea turcilor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină târzie și înaintarea turcilor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Constantinopolul în perioada bizantină târzie și înaintarea turcilor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperiul_Otoman">Imperiul Otoman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Imperiul Otoman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Imperiul Otoman"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Siege_of_a_city,_medieval_miniature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg/225px-Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg/338px-Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg/450px-Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption>Asediul Constantinopolului (pictură cca. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pe <a href="/wiki/29_mai" title="29 mai">29 mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman" title="Imperiul Otoman">Imperiul Otoman</a> a cucerit Constantinopolul împreună cu întregul Imperiu Bizantin, devenind capitala Turciei. Otomanii își numeau orașul-capitală în mai multe feluri, inclusiv Constantinopol, Stambul, Istanbul, Der-i saadet etc. Istanbul a devenit nume oficial în <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>, provenind probabil dintr-o prescurtare a numelui Con<b>stan</b>tino<b>pol</b>, sau de la expresia <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă">grecească</a> <i>eis tin Polin</i> ("înspre Oraș", unde Orașul este evident Constantinopolul). S. B. Dașkov în „<i>Împărați bizantini</i>” este de părere, la fel ca A. P. Kazhdan, în <i>Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</i>, că Εις την Πόλιν este expresia care a fost coruptă de către turci, care încercau să o pronunțe ca „<i>Istanbul</i>”. Denumirea de Constantinopol nu mai este oficială din <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>, dar alături de denumirea „I Poli” (însemnând pur și simplu „Orașul”) ea continuă să fie folosită în mod curent în limba greacă. </p><p>Patriarhia Ecumenică de Constantinopol și patriarhul Constantinopolului, care conduce Biserica ortodoxă greacă poartă în continuare în denumirea sa vechiul nume al orașului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monumente_ale_perioadei_musulmane">Monumente ale perioadei musulmane</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Monumente ale perioadei musulmane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Monumente ale perioadei musulmane"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moscheea_Maslama">Moscheea Maslama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Moscheea Maslama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Moscheea Maslama"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Constantinople_medievalmosques_map_de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Constantinople_medievalmosques_map_de.svg/220px-Constantinople_medievalmosques_map_de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Constantinople_medievalmosques_map_de.svg/330px-Constantinople_medievalmosques_map_de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Constantinople_medievalmosques_map_de.svg/440px-Constantinople_medievalmosques_map_de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption>Poziția presupusă a moscheilor dinaintea perioadei otomane din Constantinopolul Evului Mediu. Primele moschei din Europa de Sud-Est.</figcaption></figure> <p>După al doilea asediu al Constantinopolului din anii 717–718, conducătorul arab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maslama_ibn_Abd_al-Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik — pagină inexistentă">Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik</a> a intervenit pe lângă împăratul bizantin Leon al II-lea pentru înființarea unei moschei pentru prizonierii de război și pentru negustorii musulmani din Constantinopol.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moschei_arabe">Moschei arabe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Moschei arabe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Moschei arabe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morminte_și_locuri_de_pelerinaj"><span id="Morminte_.C8.99i_locuri_de_pelerinaj"></span>Morminte și locuri de pelerinaj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Morminte și locuri de pelerinaj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Morminte și locuri de pelerinaj"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cartierul Vlaherne, Izvorul Tămăduirii </p><p>Filologul Ilie Gherghel, într-un studiu despre cuvantul "Vlach" a demonstrat că denumirea cartierului Blachernae (Vlaherne) din Constantinopol vine de la vlahi, care au avut o colonie lângă capitală, aproximativ în secolul al VI-lea<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83derea_Constantinopolului" title="Căderea Constantinopolului">Căderea Constantinopolului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornul_de_Aur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornul de Aur">Cornul de Aur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Rosenberg, Matt. "Largest cities through history." About.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Pounds, Norman John Greville. <i>An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840</i>, p. 124. CUP Archive, 1979. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0521223792" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-22379-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tom Burham, <i>The Dictionary of Misinformation</i>, Ballantine, 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1023189.stm">BBC – Timeline: Turkey</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Room, Adrian, (1993), <i>Place Name changes 1900–1991</i>, Metuchen, N.J., & London:The Scarecrow Press, Inc., <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0810826003" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8108-2600-3</a> pp. 46, 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9368294/Istanbul">Britannica, Istanbul</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071218080707/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9368294/Istanbul">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2007-12-18">18 decembrie 2007</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexicorient.com/e.o/istanbul.htm">Lexicorient, Istanbul</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132607/http://lexicorient.com/e.o/istanbul.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-09-23">23 septembrie 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>comp.</i> Th. Preger: „Das Gründungsdatum von Konstantinopel“, în: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermes_(Zeitschrift)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermes (Zeitschrift) — pagină inexistentă">Hermes</a></i> 36, 1901, S. 336–342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nagendra K. Singh: International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties, p. 840.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ilie Gherghel, Câteva considerațiuni la cuprinsul noțiunii cuvântului "Vlach", București: Convorbiri Literare, 1920, p. 4-8</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatură"><span id="Literatur.C4.83"></span>Literatură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Literatură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Literatură"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Friedrich Schrader: <i>Konstantinopel in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart.</i> Mohr, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> 1917.</li> <li>Fritz Krischen: <i>Die Landmauer von Konstantinopel</i> / T. 1. Zeichnerische Wiederherstellung mit begleitendem Text, De Gruyter, 1938</li> <li>John Freely, Hilary Sumner-Boyd: <i>Istanbul. Ein Führer.</i> 5. durchgesehene Auflage. Prestel, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a> 1994, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3791300989" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7913-0098-9</a>.</li> <li>Wolfgang Müller-Wiener: <i>Bildlexikon zur Topographie Istanbuls. Byzantion – Konstantinupolis – Istanbul bis zum Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts.</i> Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3803010225" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8030-1022-5</a>, (Standardwerk zu Stadtentwicklung und Bauten).</li> <li>Wolfgang Müller-Wiener: <i>Die Häfen von Byzantion – Konstantinopolis – Istanbul.</i> Wasmuth, Tübingen 1994, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/380301042X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8030-1042-X</a>.</li> <li>Rudolf Grulich: <i>Konstantinopel. Ein Reiseführer für Christen. Mit einem Geleitwort von Otto von Habsburg.</i> Gerhard Hess Verlag, <a href="/wiki/Ulm_(ora%C8%99)" title="Ulm (oraș)">Ulm</a> 1998, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3873362716" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-87336-271-6</a>, (<i>Texte zum Ost-West-Dialog</i>. 14).</li> <li>Stéphane Yerasimos: <i>Constantinople. De Byzance à Istanbul</i>. Place des Victoires, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> 2000, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782844590152" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-84459-015-2</a>, ( <i>Konstantinopel, Istanbuls historisches Erbe.</i> Ediție specială în limba germană. Ullmann, Königswinter 2009, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783833155857" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8331-5585-7</a>).</li> <li>Klaus Kreiser: <i>Istanbul. Ein historisch-literarischer Stadtführer</i>. Ediția a 2-a. Beck, München 2009, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783406590634" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-59063-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/994461712/04">Cuprins</a></li> <li>Peter Schreiner: <i>Konstantinopel. Geschichte und Archäologie.</i> Beck, München 2007, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783406508646" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-50864-6</a>. (<i>Beck'sche Reihe</i> 2364. <i>C. H. Beck Wissen</i>).</li> <li>Roger Crowley: <i>Constantinople. The last great siege, 1453</i>. Faber, <a href="/wiki/London" class="mw-redirect" title="London">London</a>, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780571221868" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-571-22186-8</a>, (Auch deutsch: <i>Konstantinopel 1453. Die letzte Schlacht.</i> Ediția a 2-a. Theiss Verlag 2009, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783806221916" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8062-2191-6</a>).</li> <li>Klaus Kreiser: <i>Geschichte Istanbuls. Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.</i> C.H.Beck, München 2010 <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783406587818" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-58781-8</a>.</li> <li>R. Janin, <i>Constantinople byzantine</i>, seconde édition, Paris, 1964.</li> <li>Gilbert Dagron, <i>Naissance d'une capitale. Constantinople et ses institutions de 330 à 451</i> (Bibliothèque byzantine), Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1974, 578 p.</li> <li>Cyril Mango, <i>Le développement urbain de Constantinople</i>, Paris, de Boccard, 1985, 72 p., 6 fig., 2 cartes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopol&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikţionar"><img alt="Wikţionar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Wikţionar</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">Caută „<b><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/Constantinopol" class="extiw" title="wikt:Constantinopol">Constantinopol</a></b>” în <a href="/wiki/Wik%C8%9Bionar" title="Wikționar">Wikționar</a>, dicționarul liber.</div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Constantinople?uselang=ro">Constantinopol</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li>Hărți ale Constantinopolului în Evul Mediu: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/Milkau/368-2.jpg">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131084357/http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/Milkau/368-2.jpg">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-01-31">31 ianuarie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. și <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070307100407/http://www.tu-berlin.de/fb1/AGiW/Auditorium/FAByzIsl/SO3/Byzanz.GIF">[2]</a></li> <li>Hartă a Constantinopolului din 1807 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-31040">digitalizată de Biblioteca Universității</a> din <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li>Hartă a Constantinopolului din 1829 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-31051">digitalizată de Biblioteca Universității</a> din <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bam-portal.de/searchExpert.do?action=search&query=Constantinopol"><small>Informații în mai multe limbi despre Constantinopol</small></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/istanbul">Lonely Planet Istanbul</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/5291/8/">Zidurile fără de moarte ale Bizanțului</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715001939/http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/5291/8/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-07-15">15 iulie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 9 mai 2007, Gabriel Tudor, <i>Revista Magazin</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ziarullumina.ro/documentar/zidurile-constantinopolului">Zidurile Constantinopolului</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729143709/http://ziarullumina.ro/documentar/zidurile-constantinopolului">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2014-07-29">29 iulie 2014</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 27 noiembrie 2009, Pr. Felix-Lucian Neculai, <i>Ziarul Lumina</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie/constantinopol-capitala-bizantina-97699.html">Constantinopol: capitala bizantina</a>, 13 noiembrie 2009, <i>CrestinOrtodox.ro</i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Imperiul_Bizantin" title="Format:Imperiul Bizantin"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Imperiul_Bizantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Imperiul Bizantin — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Imperiul_Bizantin&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit" title="Imperiul Roman de Răsărit">Imperiul Bizantin</a> (330–1453)</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Bizantin#Organizarea_politică" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul Bizantin">Administrare</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Capitala</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%AEmp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bilor_bizantini" title="Lista împăraților bizantini">Condu</a><a href="/wiki/Categorie:%C3%8Emp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bi_bizantini" title="Categorie:Împărați bizantini">cători</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Bizantin#Senatul" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul Bizantin">Synkletos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_Imperiului_Bizantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria Imperiului Bizantin — pagină inexistentă">Istoria</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit#Origini" title="Imperiul Roman de Răsărit">Origini</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_timpurie_a_Imperiului_Bizantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria timpurie a Imperiului Bizantin — pagină inexistentă">Istoria timpurie</a>· <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoca_elenistic%C4%83_a_Imperiului_Bizantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoca elenistică a Imperiului Bizantin — pagină inexistentă">Epoca elenistică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rena%C8%99terea_macedonean%C4%83_a_Imperiului_Bizantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renașterea macedoneană a Imperiului Bizantin — pagină inexistentă">Renașterea macedoneană</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Teodosian%C4%83" title="Dinastia Teodosiană">Dinastia Teodosiană</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Comnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Comnen">Dinastia Comnen</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Recucerirea_Constantinopolului" title="Recucerirea Constantinopolului">Recucerirea Constantinopolului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Paleolog" title="Dinastia Paleolog">Dinastia Paleolog</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83derea_Constantinopolului" title="Căderea Constantinopolului">Sfârșitul</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_bizantin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea bizantină — pagină inexistentă">Legea</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Codexul_Teodosian" title="Codexul Teodosian">Codex Theodosianus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecloga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecloga — pagină inexistentă">Ecloga</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilika — pagină inexistentă">Basilika</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexabiblos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexabiblos — pagină inexistentă">Hexabiblos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center">Militar</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Armata_roman%C4%83" title="Armata romană">Armata romană</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Armata_bizantin%C4%83" title="Armata bizantină">Armata bizantină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Flota_bizantin%C4%83" title="Flota bizantină">Flota bizantină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Garda_Vareg%C4%83" title="Garda Varegă">Garda Varegă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83liile_Imperiului_Bizantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătăliile Imperiului Bizantin — pagină inexistentă">Bătăliile Imperiului Bizantin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Imperiului_Bizantin" title="Războaiele Imperiului Bizantin"><b>Războaie</b></a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Gotic_(535-554)" title="Războiul Gotic (535-554)">Războiul Gotic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Bizantino-Sasanide" title="Războaiele Bizantino-Sasanide">Războaiele Bizantino-Sasanide</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Bizantino-Bulgare" title="Războaiele Bizantino-Bulgare">Războaiele Bizantino-Bulgare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Bizantino-Arabe" title="Războaiele Bizantino-Arabe">Războaiele Bizantino-Arabe</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Bizantino-Arabe_(780%E2%80%931180)" title="Războaiele Bizantino-Arabe (780–1180)">după 780</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Bizantino%E2%80%93Maghiar_(1127%E2%80%931129)" title="Războiul Bizantino–Maghiar (1127–1129)">Războiul Bizantino–Maghiar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Bizantino-Otomane" title="Războaiele Bizantino-Otomane">Războaiele Bizantino-Otomane</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center">Religie</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83" title="Biserica Ortodoxă">Biserica Ortodoxă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ritul_bizantin" title="Ritul bizantin">Ritul bizantin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Patriarhia_Ecumenic%C4%83_de_Constantinopol" title="Patriarhia Ecumenică de Constantinopol">Patriarhia de Constantinopol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Patriarh_al_Constantinopolului" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarh al Constantinopolului">Patriarhi</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Lista_Patriarhilor_Ecumenici_ai_Constantinopolului" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista Patriarhilor Ecumenici ai Constantinopolului">Listă de Patriarhi</a>)</i> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasmul_bizantin" title="Iconoclasmul bizantin">Iconoclasmul bizantin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Cultura_bizantin%C4%83" title="Cultura bizantină">Cultură</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Art%C4%83_bizantin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Artă bizantină">Arta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatur%C4%83_bizantin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatură bizantină — pagină inexistentă">Literatura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arhitectur%C4%83_bizantin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arhitectură bizantină">Arhitectura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_bizantin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzică bizantină">Muzica</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center">State bizantine</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_de_la_Niceea" title="Imperiul de la Niceea">Imperiul de la Niceea</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Trapezuntului" title="Imperiul Trapezuntului">Imperiul Trapezuntului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Despotatul_Epirului" title="Despotatul Epirului">Despotatul Epirului</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Salonicului" title="Imperiul Salonicului">Imperiul Salonicului</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Moned%C4%83_bizantin%C4%83" title="Monedă bizantină">Monedă</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Aspron" title="Aspron">Aspron</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Basilikon" title="Basilikon">Basilikon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">Bezant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Follis" title="Follis">Follis</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Hyperpyron" title="Hyperpyron">Hyperpyron</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Miliaresion" title="Miliaresion">Miliaresion</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma">Nomisma</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nomisma_histamenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomisma histamenon">Nomisma histamenon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nomisma_tetarteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomisma tetarteron">Nomisma tetarteron</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Semis" title="Semis">Semis</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Solidus" title="Solidus">Solidus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Stavraton" title="Stavraton">Stavraton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AC%C4%83utare&search=Imperiul+Bizantin%2C">Alte articole</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Lista_subiectelor_legate_de_Imperiul_Bizantin" title="Lista subiectelor legate de Imperiul Bizantin">Listă de articole‎</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bizan%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizanțiu">Bizanțiu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Era_bizantin%C4%83" title="Era bizantină">Era bizantină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Greci_bizantini" title="Greci bizantini">Greci bizantini</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cruciad%C4%83" title="Cruciadă">Cruciadă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_asedii_ale_Constantinopolului" title="Listă de asedii ale Constantinopolului">Listă de asedii ale Constantinopolului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Porfirogenet" title="Porfirogenet">Porfirogenet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sebastocrator" title="Sebastocrator">Sebastocrator</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zidurile_Constantinopolului" title="Zidurile Constantinopolului">Zidurile Constantinopolului</a></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Imperiul_Bizantin" title="Portal:Imperiul Bizantin">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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