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critical number</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Richardson critical number"> <meta name="keywords" content="Richardson critical number"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Richardson critical number"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14827</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Richardson critical number</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14827</span> Beyond the “Breakdown” of Karman Vortex Street</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajith%20Kumar%20S.">Ajith Kumar S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sankaran%20Namboothiri"> Sankaran Namboothiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sankrish%20J."> Sankrish J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SarathKumar%20S."> SarathKumar S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Anil%20Lal"> S. Anil Lal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical analysis of flow over a heated circular cylinder is done in this paper. The governing equations, Navier-Stokes, and energy equation within the Boussinesq approximation along with continuity equation are solved using hybrid FEM-FVM technique. The density gradient created due to the heating of the cylinder will induce buoyancy force, opposite to the direction of action of acceleration due to gravity, g. In the present work, the flow direction and the direction of buoyancy force are taken as same (vertical flow configuration), so that the buoyancy force accelerates the mean flow past the cylinder. The relative dominance of the buoyancy force over the inertia force is characterized by the Richardson number (Ri), which is one of the parameter that governs the flow dynamics and heat transfer in this analysis. It is well known that above a certain value of Reynolds number, Re (ratio of inertia force over the viscous forces), the unsteady Von Karman vortices can be seen shedding behind the cylinder. The shedding wake patterns could be seriously altered by heating/cooling the cylinder. The non-dimensional shedding frequency called the Strouhal number is found to be increasing as Ri increases. The aerodynamic force coefficients CL and CD are observed to change its value. In the present vertical configuration of flow over the cylinder, as Ri increases, shedding frequency gets increased and suddenly drops down to zero at a critical value of Richardson number. The unsteady vortices turn to steady standing recirculation bubbles behind the cylinder after this critical Richardson number. This phenomenon is well known in literature as "Breakdown of the Karman Vortex Street". It is interesting to see the flow structures on further increase in the Richardson number. On further heating of the cylinder surface, the size of the recirculation bubble decreases without loosing its symmetry about the horizontal axis passing through the center of the cylinder. The separation angle is found to be decreasing with Ri. Finally, we observed a second critical Richardson number, after which the the flow will be attached to the cylinder surface without any wake behind it. The flow structures will be symmetrical not only about the horizontal axis, but also with the vertical axis passing through the center of the cylinder. At this stage, there will be a "single plume" emanating from the rear stagnation point of the cylinder. We also observed the transition of the plume is a strong function of the Richardson number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20reduction" title="drag reduction">drag reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20over%20circular%20cylinder" title=" flow over circular cylinder"> flow over circular cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20control" title=" flow control"> flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection%20flow" title=" mixed convection flow"> mixed convection flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20shedding" title=" vortex shedding"> vortex shedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20breakdown" title=" vortex breakdown"> vortex breakdown</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27437/beyond-the-breakdown-of-karman-vortex-street" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14826</span> Numerical Study of Mixed Convection Coupled to Radiation in a Square Cavity with a Lid-Driven</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belmiloud%20Mohamed%20Amine">Belmiloud Mohamed Amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sad%20Chemloul%20Nord-Eddine"> Sad Chemloul Nord-Eddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study we investigated numerically heat transfer by mixed convection coupled to radiation in a square cavity; the upper horizontal wall is movable. The purpose of this study is to see the influence of the emissivity and the varying of the Richardson number on the variation of the average Nusselt number. The vertical walls of the cavity are differentially heated, the left wall is maintained at a uniform temperature higher than the right wall, and the two horizontal walls are adiabatic. The finite volume method is used for solving the dimensionless governing equations. Emissivity values used in this study are ranged between 0 and 1, the Richardson number in the range 0.1 to10. The Rayleigh number is fixed to Ra = 10000 and the Prandtl number is maintained constant Pr = 0.71. Streamlines, isothermal lines and the average Nusselt number are presented according to the surface emissivity. The results of this study show that the Richardson number and emissivity affect the average Nusselt number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title="mixed convection">mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20cavity" title=" square cavity"> square cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20emissivity" title=" wall emissivity"> wall emissivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lid-driven" title=" lid-driven"> lid-driven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20study" title=" numerical study"> numerical study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34521/numerical-study-of-mixed-convection-coupled-to-radiation-in-a-square-cavity-with-a-lid-driven" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14825</span> An Improved Single Point Closure Model Based on Dissipation Anisotropy for Geophysical Turbulent Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Joshi">A. P. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20V.%20Warrior"> H. V. Warrior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Panda"> J. P. Panda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a continuation of the work carried out by various turbulence modelers in Oceanography on the topic of oceanic turbulent mixing. It evaluates the evolution of ocean water temperature and salinity by the appropriate modeling of turbulent mixing utilizing proper prescription of eddy viscosity. Many modelers in past have suggested including terms like shear, buoyancy and vorticity to be the parameters that decide the slow pressure strain correlation. We add to it the fact that dissipation anisotropy also modifies the correlation through eddy viscosity parameterization. This recalibrates the established correlation constants slightly and gives improved results. This anisotropization of dissipation implies that the critical Richardson’s number increases much beyond unity (to 1.66) to accommodate enhanced mixing, as is seen in reality. The model is run for a couple of test cases in the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) and the results are presented here. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anisotropy" title="Anisotropy">Anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GOTM" title=" GOTM"> GOTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure-strain%20correlation" title=" pressure-strain correlation"> pressure-strain correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20critical%20number" title=" Richardson critical number"> Richardson critical number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86660/an-improved-single-point-closure-model-based-on-dissipation-anisotropy-for-geophysical-turbulent-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14824</span> Modeling Thermionic Emission from Carbon Nanotubes with Modified Richardson-Dushman Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukunle%20C.%20Olawole">Olukunle C. Olawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20Kumar%20De"> Dilip Kumar De</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have modified Richardson-Dushman equation considering thermal expansion of lattice and change of chemical potential with temperature in material. The corresponding modified Richardson-Dushman (MRDE) equation fits quite well the experimental data of thermoelectronic current density (J) vs T from carbon nanotubes. It provides a unique technique for accurate determination of W0 Fermi energy, EF0 at 0 K and linear thermal expansion coefficient of carbon nano-tube in good agreement with experiment. From the value of EF0 we obtain the charge carrier density in excellent agreement with experiment. We describe application of the equations for the evaluation of performance of concentrated solar thermionic energy converter (STEC) with emitter made of carbon nanotube for future applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title="carbon nanotube">carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Richardson-Dushman%20equation" title=" modified Richardson-Dushman equation"> modified Richardson-Dushman equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermi%20energy%20at%200%20K" title=" fermi energy at 0 K"> fermi energy at 0 K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20density" title=" charge carrier density"> charge carrier density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42561/modeling-thermionic-emission-from-carbon-nanotubes-with-modified-richardson-dushman-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14823</span> Conjugate Mixed Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation of Cu-Water Nanofluid in an Enclosure with Thick Wavy Bottom Wall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjib%20Kr%20Pal">Sanjib Kr Pal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhattacharyya"> S. Bhattacharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixed convection of Cu-water nanofluid in an enclosure with thick wavy bottom wall has been investigated numerically. A co-ordinate transformation method is used to transform the computational domain into an orthogonal co-ordinate system. The governing equations in the computational domain are solved through a pressure correction based iterative algorithm. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed for a wide range of Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 5), nanoparticle volume concentration (0.0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.2), amplitude (0.0 ≤ α ≤ 0.1) of the wavy thick- bottom wall and the wave number (ω) at a fixed Reynolds number. Obtained results showed that heat transfer rate increases remarkably by adding the nanoparticles. Heat transfer rate is dependent on the wavy wall amplitude and wave number and decreases with increasing Richardson number for fixed amplitude and wave number. The Bejan number and the entropy generation are determined to analyze the thermodynamic optimization of the mixed convection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20heat%20transfer" title="conjugate heat transfer">conjugate heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20fluid" title=" nano fluid"> nano fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20waviness" title=" wall waviness"> wall waviness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68225/conjugate-mixed-convection-heat-transfer-and-entropy-generation-of-cu-water-nanofluid-in-an-enclosure-with-thick-wavy-bottom-wall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14822</span> Mixed Convection Heat Transfer of Copper Oxide-Heat Transfer Oil Nanofluid in Vertical Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Hekmatipour">Farhad Hekmatipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Akhavan-Behabadi"> M. A. Akhavan-Behabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Hekmatipour"> Farzad Hekmatipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, experiments were conducted to investigate the heat transfer of Copper Oxide-Heat Transfer Oil (CuO-HTO) nanofluid laminar flow in vertical smooth and microfin tubes as the surface temperature is constant. The effect of adding the nanoparticle to base fluid and Richardson number on the heat transfer enhancement is investigated as Richardson number increases from 0.1 to 0.7. The experimental results demonstrate that the combined forced-natural convection heat transfer rate may be improved significantly with an increment of mass nanoparticle concentration from 0% to 1.5%. In this experiment, a correlation is also proposed to predict the mixed convection heat transfer rate of CuO-HTO nanofluid flow. The maximum deviation of both correlations is less than 14%. Moreover, a correlation is presented to estimate the Nusselt number inside vertical smooth and microfin tubes as Rayleigh number is between 2´105 and 6.8´106 with the maximum deviation of 12%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title="mixed convection">mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20tube" title=" vertical tube"> vertical tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfin%20tube" title=" microfin tube"> microfin tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82101/mixed-convection-heat-transfer-of-copper-oxide-heat-transfer-oil-nanofluid-in-vertical-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14821</span> Temperature-Dependent Barrier Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Pd/n-GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Al-Heuseen">K. Al-Heuseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Hashim"> M. R. Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Pd/n-GaN Schottky barrier were studied at temperatures over room temperature (300-470K). The values of ideality factor (n), zero-bias barrier height (φB0), flat barrier height (φBF) and series resistance (Rs) obtained from I-V-T measurements were found to be strongly temperature dependent while (φBo) increase, (n), (φBF) and (Rs) decrease with increasing temperature. The apparent Richardson constant was found to be 2.1x10-9 Acm-2K-2 and mean barrier height of 0.19 eV. After barrier height inhomogeneities correction, by assuming a Gaussian distribution (GD) of the barrier heights, the Richardson constant and the mean barrier height were obtained as 23 Acm-2K-2 and 1.78eV, respectively. The corrected Richardson constant was very closer to theoretical value of 26 Acm-2K-2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title="electrical properties">electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20distribution" title=" Gaussian distribution"> Gaussian distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pd-GaN%20Schottky%20diodes" title=" Pd-GaN Schottky diodes"> Pd-GaN Schottky diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermionic%20emission" title=" thermionic emission"> thermionic emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7401/temperature-dependent-barrier-characteristics-of-inhomogeneous-pdn-gan-schottky-barrier-diodes-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14820</span> Experimental on Free and Forced Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Copper Oxide-Heat Transfer Oil Nanofluid in Horizontal and Inclined Microfin Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Hekmatipour">F. Hekmatipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Akhavan-Behabadi"> M. A. Akhavan-Behabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sajadi"> B. Sajadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the combined free and forced convection heat transfer of the Copper Oxide-Heat Transfer Oil (CuO-HTO) nanofluid flow in horizontal and inclined microfin tubes is studied experimentally. The flow regime is laminar, and pipe surface temperature is constant. The effect of nanoparticle and microfin tube on the heat transfer rate is investigated with the Richardson number which is between 0.1 and 0.7. The results show an increasing nanoparticle concentration between 0% and 1.5% leads to enhance the combined free and forced convection heat transfer rate. According to the results, five correlations are proposed to provide estimating the free and forced heat transfer rate as the increasing Richardson number from 0.1 to 0.7. The maximum deviation of both correlations is less than 16%. Moreover, four correlations are suggested to assess the Nusselt number based on the Rayleigh number in inclined tubes from 1800000 to 7000000. The maximum deviation of the correlation is almost 16%. The Darcy friction factor of the nanofluid flow has been investigated. Furthermore, CuO-HTO nanofluid flows in inclined microfin tubes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title="nanofluid">nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20oil" title=" heat transfer oil"> heat transfer oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20tube" title=" inclined tube"> inclined tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20flow" title=" laminar flow"> laminar flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82099/experimental-on-free-and-forced-heat-transfer-and-pressure-drop-of-copper-oxide-heat-transfer-oil-nanofluid-in-horizontal-and-inclined-microfin-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14819</span> Steady and Oscillatory States of Swirling Flows under an Axial Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Mahfoud">Brahim Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Bessa%C3%AFh"> Rachid Bessaïh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a numerical study of steady and oscillatory flows with heat transfer submitted to an axial magnetic field is studied. The governing Navier-Stokes, energy, and potential equations along with appropriate boundary conditions are solved by using the finite-volume method. The flow and temperature fields are presented by stream function and isotherms, respectively. The flow between counter-rotating end disks is very unstable and reveals a great richness of structures. The results are presented for various values of the Hartmann number, Ha=5, 10, 20, and 30, and Richardson numbers , Ri=0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4, in order to see their effects on the value of the critical Reynolds number, Recr. Stability diagrams are established according to the numerical results of this investigation. These diagrams put in evidence the dependence of Recr with the increase of Ha for various values of Ri. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirling" title="swirling">swirling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter-rotating%20end%20disks" title=" counter-rotating end disks"> counter-rotating end disks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillatory" title=" oscillatory"> oscillatory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylinder" title=" cylinder"> cylinder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33523/steady-and-oscillatory-states-of-swirling-flows-under-an-axial-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14818</span> Characteristics of the Wake behind a Heated Cylinder in Relatively High Reynolds Number</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Khashehchi">Morteza Khashehchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Hooman"> Kamel Hooman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal effects on the dynamics and stability of the flow past a circular cylinder operating in the mixed convection regime is studied experimentally for Reynolds number (ReD) between 1000 and 4000, and different cylinder wall temperatures (Tw) between 25 and 75°C by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The experiments were conducted in a horizontal wind tunnel with the heated cylinder placed horizontally. With such assumptions, the direction of the thermally induced buoyancy force acting on the fluid surrounding the heated cylinder would be perpendicular to the flow direction. In each experiment, to acquire 3000 PIV image pairs, the temperature and Reynolds number of the approach flow were held constant. By adjusting different temperatures in different Reynolds numbers, the corresponding Richardson number (RiD = Gr/Re^2) was varied between 0:0 (unheated) and 10, resulting in a change in the heat transfer process from forced convection to mixed convection. With increasing temperature of the wall cylinder, significant modifications of the wake flow pattern and wake vortex shedding process were clearly revealed. For cylinder at low wall temperature, the size of the wake and the vortex shedding process are found to be quite similar to those of an unheated cylinder. With high wall temperature, however, the high temperature gradient in the wake shear layer creates a type of vorticity with opposite sign to that of the shear layer vorticity. This temperature gradient vorticity weakens the strength of the shear layer vorticity, causing delay in reaching the recreation point. In addition to the wake characteristics, the shedding frequency for the heated cylinder is determined for all aforementioned cases. It is found that, as the cylinder wall is heated, the organization of the vortex shedding is altered and the relative position of the first detached vortices with respect to the second one is changed. This movement of the first detached vortex toward the second one increases the frequency of the shedding process. It is also found that the wake closure length decreases with increasing the Richardson number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heated%20cylinder" title="heated cylinder">heated cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIV" title=" PIV"> PIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wake" title=" wake"> wake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20number" title=" Reynolds number"> Reynolds number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6157/characteristics-of-the-wake-behind-a-heated-cylinder-in-relatively-high-reynolds-number" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14817</span> Alvaro Siza’s Design Strategy: An Insight into Critical Regionalism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmatollah%20Amirjani">Rahmatollah Amirjani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By the emergence of the debate over the failure of Regionalism in the late 1970s, Critical Regionalism was introduced as a different way to respond to the state of architecture in the post-war era. Critical Regionalism is most often understood as a discourse that not only mediates the language of modern architecture with the local cultures but also revives the relation between architecture and spectator as indexed by capitalism. Since the inception of Critical Regionalism, a large number of architectural practices have emerged around the globe; however, the work of the well-known Portuguese architect, Álvaro Siza, is considered as a unique case amongst works associated with the discourse of Critical Regionalism. This paper intends to respond to a number of questions, including; what are the origins of Critical Regionalism? How does Siza’s design strategy correspond to the thematic of Critical Regionalism? How does Siza recover the relation between object and subject in most of his projects? Using Siza’s housing project for the Malagueira district in Évora, Portugal, this article will attempt to answer these questions, and highlight Alvaro Siza’s design procedure which goes beyond the existing discourse of Critical Regionalism and contributes to our understanding of this practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Siza" title="Alvaro Siza">Alvaro Siza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20regionalism" title=" critical regionalism"> critical regionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malagueira%20housing" title=" Malagueira housing"> Malagueira housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placelessness" title=" placelessness"> placelessness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91723/alvaro-sizas-design-strategy-an-insight-into-critical-regionalism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14816</span> CFD Investigation of Turbulent Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Closed Lid-Driven Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khaleel">A. Khaleel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gao"> S. Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both steady and unsteady turbulent mixed convection heat transfer in a 3D lid-driven enclosure, which has constant heat flux on the middle of bottom wall and with isothermal moving sidewalls, is reported in this paper for working fluid with Prandtl number Pr = 0.71. The other walls are adiabatic and stationary. The dimensionless parameters used in this research are Reynolds number, Re = 5000, 10000 and 15000, and Richardson number, Ri = 1 and 10. The simulations have been done by using different turbulent methods such as RANS, URANS, and LES. The effects of using different k- models such as standard, RNG and Realizable k- model are investigated. Interesting behaviours of the thermal and flow fields with changing the Re or Ri numbers are observed. Isotherm and turbulent kinetic energy distributions and variation of local Nusselt number at the hot bottom wall are studied as well. The local Nusselt number is found increasing with increasing either Re or Ri number. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy is discernibly affected by increasing Re number. Moreover, the LES results have shown a good ability of this method in predicting more detailed flow structures in the cavity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title="mixed convection">mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lid-driven%20cavity" title=" lid-driven cavity"> lid-driven cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RANS%20model" title=" RANS model"> RANS model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20Eddy%20simulation" title=" large Eddy simulation"> large Eddy simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37172/cfd-investigation-of-turbulent-mixed-convection-heat-transfer-in-a-closed-lid-driven-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14815</span> Critical Thinking Index of College Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Frialde-Dupale">Helen Frialde-Dupale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Critical thinking Index (CTI) of 150 third year college students from five State Colleges and Universities (SUCs) in Region I were determined. Only students with Grade Point Average (GPA) of at least 2.0 from four general classification of degree courses, namely: Education, Arts and Sciences, Engineering and Agriculture were included. Specific problem No.1 dealt with the profile variables, namely: age, sex, degree course, monthly family income, number of siblings, high school graduated from, grade point average, personality type, highest educational attainment of parents, and occupation of parents. Problem No. 2 determined the critical thinking index among the respondents. Problem No. 3 investigated whether or not there are significant differences in the critical thinking index among the respondents across the profile variables. While problem No.4 determined whether or not there are significant relationship between the critical thinking index and selected profile variables, namely: age, monthly family income, number of siblings, and grade point average of the respondents. Finally, on problem No. 5, the critical thinking instrument which obtained the lowest rates, were used as basis for outlining an intervention program for enhancing critical thinking index (CTI) of students. The following null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance: there are no significant differences in the critical thinking index of the third college students across the profile variables; there are no significant relationships between the critical thinking index of the respondents and selected variables, namely: age, monthly family income, number of siblings, and grade point average. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude%20as%20critical%20thinker" title="attitude as critical thinker">attitude as critical thinker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking%20applied" title=" critical thinking applied"> critical thinking applied</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking%20index" title=" critical thinking index"> critical thinking index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-perception%20as%20critical%20thinker" title=" self-perception as critical thinker"> self-perception as critical thinker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14959/critical-thinking-index-of-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14814</span> Effect an Axial Magnetic Field in Co-rotating Flow Heated from Below</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mahfoud">B. Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bendjagloli"> A. Bendjagloli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of an axial magnetic field on the flow produced by co-rotation of the top and bottom disks in a vertical cylindrical heated from below is numerically analyzed. The governing Navier-Stokes, energy, and potential equations are solved by using the finite-volume method. It was observed that the Reynolds number is increased, the axisymmetric basic state loses stability to circular patterns of axisymmetric vortices and spiral waves. In mixed convection case the axisymmetric mode disappears giving an asymmetric mode m=1. It was also found that the primary thresholds Recr corresponding to the modes m=1and 2, increase with increasing of the Hartmann number (Ha). Finally, stability diagrams have been established according to the numerical results of this investigation. These diagrams giving the evolution of the primary thresholds as a function of the Hartmann number for various values of the Richardson number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title="bifurcation">bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-rotating%20end%20disks" title=" co-rotating end disks"> co-rotating end disks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20diagrams" title=" stability diagrams"> stability diagrams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortices" title=" vortices"> vortices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37590/effect-an-axial-magnetic-field-in-co-rotating-flow-heated-from-below" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14813</span> The Investigation on Pre-Service Teachers' Critical Thinking Dispositions in Terms of Several Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%C3%BCneyit%20Akar">Cüneyit Akar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Ba%C5%9Faran"> Mustafa Başaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ufuk%20Ulu%C3%A7%C4%B1nar"> Ufuk Uluçınar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to examine the critical thinking dispositions of pre-service teachers in terms of several variables. In the line of this aim, we have investigated what their levels of critical thinking dispositions and whether there is any significant different in their critical thinking dispositions. Also, we have examined the relations between their critical thinking dispositions and their parents’ education statues, the number of their siblings, family income levels, and their religiosity level. 202 pre-service teachers who are studying at different departments at faculty of education at Uşak University participated in this research. In study, critical thinking dispositions scale by one of researchers was utilized and its validity and reliability was performed. The findings indicate that the level of their critical thinking dispositions was found to be .376 (arithmetic mean). On the other hand, we found that there is no significant difference in terms of their gender and the department at which they are studying. Furthermore, although there aren’t significant relationships between critical thinking dispositions and their mother education statues, their income levels, their religiosity levels and the number of their siblings; there is any significant positively at low level the relation between thinking dispositions and father educational statues. The findings obtained will be discussed together with literature and other research’ results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservice%20teachers" title="preservice teachers">preservice teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking%20dispositions" title=" critical thinking dispositions"> critical thinking dispositions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22052/the-investigation-on-pre-service-teachers-critical-thinking-dispositions-in-terms-of-several-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14812</span> A Generalization of Option Pricing with Discrete Dividends to Markets with Daily Price Limits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahau%20Guo">Jiahau Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yihe%20Zhang"> Yihe Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes solutions for pricing options on stocks paying discrete dividends in markets with daily price limits. We first extend the intraday density function of Guo and Chang (2020) to a multi-day one and use the framework of Haug et al. (2003) to value European options on stocks paying discrete dividends. Next, we adopt the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to derive accurate and efficient formulae for American options and further employ the three-point Richardson extrapolation to accelerate the computation. Finally, the accuracy of our proposed methods is verified by simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daily%20price%20limit" title="daily price limit">daily price limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20dividend" title=" discrete dividend"> discrete dividend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20exercise" title=" early exercise"> early exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20Fourier%20transform" title=" fast Fourier transform"> fast Fourier transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-day%20density%20function" title=" multi-day density function"> multi-day density function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20extrapolation" title=" Richardson extrapolation"> Richardson extrapolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129710/a-generalization-of-option-pricing-with-discrete-dividends-to-markets-with-daily-price-limits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14811</span> MHD Mixed Convection in a Vertical Porous Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Fersadou">Brahim Fersadou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henda%20Kahalerras"> Henda Kahalerras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work deals with the problem of MHD mixed convection in a completely porous and differentially heated vertical channel. The model of Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer with the Boussinesq approximation is adopted and the governing equations are solved by the finite volume method. The effects of magnetic field and buoyancy force intensities are given by the Hartmann and Richardson numbers respectively, as well as the Joule heating represented by Eckert number on the velocity and temperature fields, are examined. The main results show an augmentation of heat transfer rate with the decrease of Darcy number and the increase of Ri and Ha when Joule heating is neglected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sources" title="heat sources">heat sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20channel" title=" porous channel "> porous channel </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41679/mhd-mixed-convection-in-a-vertical-porous-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14810</span> Mixed Convective Heat Transfer of Flow around a Radial Heat Sink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benkherbache%20Souad">Benkherbache Souad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents the numerical results of the mixed convective heat transfer of a three-dimensional flow around a radial heat sink composed of horizontal circular base fitted with rectangular fins. The governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy equation are solved by the finite volume method using the commercially available CFD software Fluent 6.3.26. The circular base of the heat sink is subjected to uniform heat generation; the flow enters through the sides of the heat sink around the fins then the heat is transmitted from the base to the fins afterwards the fluid. In this study two fluids are utilized, in the first case, the air for the following Reynolds numbers Re=600,900,1200 and a Grashof number Gr=3.7x10⁶, in the second case a water based nano fluid for which two types of nano particles (Cu and Al₂O₃) are carried out for Re=25 and a Richardson number Ri=2.7(Ri=Gr/Re²). The effect of the number of the fins of the heat sink as well as the type and the volume fraction of nano particles of the nano fluid were investigated. Results have been presented for N=15 and N=20 fins. The effect of the nano particles concentrations and the number of fins on the temperature in the heat sink and the Nusselt number has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sink" title="heat sink">heat sink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20fluid" title=" nano fluid"> nano fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volumetric%20heat%20generation" title=" volumetric heat generation"> volumetric heat generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102564/mixed-convective-heat-transfer-of-flow-around-a-radial-heat-sink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14809</span> Swirling Flows with Heat Transfer in a Cylindrical under Axial Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mahfoud">B. Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Harouz"> R. Harouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work examine numerically the effect of axial magnetic field on mixed convection through a cylindrical cavity, filled with a liquid metal and having a rotating top and bottom disks. Effects of Richardson number (Ri = 0, 0.5, 1, and 2) and Hartman number (Ha = 0, 5, 10, and 20) on temperature and flow fields were analyzed. The basic state of this system is steady and axisymmetric, when the counter-rotation is sufficiently large, producing a free shear layer. This shear layer is unstable and different complex flows appear successively: steady states with an azimuthal wavenumber of 1; travelling waves and steady states with an azimuthal wavenumber of 2. Mixed modes and azimuthal wavenumber of 3 are also found with increasing Hartmann number. The stability diagram (Recr-Ha) corresponding to the axisymmetric-three-dimensional transition for increasing values of the axial magnetic field is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axisymmetric" title="axisymmetric">axisymmetric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter-rotating" title=" counter-rotating"> counter-rotating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instabilities" title=" instabilities"> instabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetohydrodynamic" title=" magnetohydrodynamic"> magnetohydrodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavenumber" title=" wavenumber"> wavenumber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16995/swirling-flows-with-heat-transfer-in-a-cylindrical-under-axial-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14808</span> Solution to Riemann Hypothesis Critical Strip Zone Using Non-Linear Complex Variable Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manojkumar%20Sabanayagam">Manojkumar Sabanayagam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Riemann hypothesis is an unsolved millennium problem and the search for a solution to the Riemann hypothesis is to study the pattern of prime number distribution. The scope of this paper is to identify the solution for the critical strip and the critical line axis, which has the non-trivial zero solutions using complex plane functions. The Riemann graphical plot is constructed using a linear complex variable function (X+iY) and is applicable only when X>1. But the investigation shows that complex variable behavior has two zones. The first zone is the transformation zone, where the definition of the complex plane should be a non-linear variable which is the critical strip zone in the graph (X=0 to 1). The second zone is the transformed zone (X>1) defined using linear variables conventionally. This paper deals with the Non-linear function in the transformation zone derived using cosine and sinusoidal time lag w.r.t imaginary number ‘i’. The alternate complex variable (Cosθ+i Sinθ) is used to understand the variables in the critical strip zone. It is concluded that the non-trivial zeros present in the Real part 0.5 are because the linear function is not the correct approach in the critical strip. This paper provides the solution to Reimann's hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reimann%20hypothesis" title="Reimann hypothesis">Reimann hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20strip" title=" critical strip"> critical strip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20plane" title=" complex plane"> complex plane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation%20zone" title=" transformation zone"> transformation zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137947/solution-to-riemann-hypothesis-critical-strip-zone-using-non-linear-complex-variable-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14807</span> The Role of Self-Confidence, Adversity Quotient, and Self-Efficacy Critical Thinking: Path Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayu%20Dwi%20Cahyo">Bayu Dwi Cahyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekohariadi"> Ekohariadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theodorus%20Wiyanto%20Wibowo"> Theodorus Wiyanto Wibowo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20G.%20P.%20Asto%20Budithahjanto"> I. G. P. Asto Budithahjanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eppy%20Yundra"> Eppy Yundra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to examine the effects of self-confidence, adversity quotient, and self-efficacy variables on critical thinking. This research's participants are 137 cadets of Aviation Polytechnics of Surabaya with the sampling technique that was purposive sampling. In this study, the data collection method used a questionnaire with Linkert-scale and distributed or given to respondents by the specified number of samples. The SPSS AMOS v23 was used to test a number of a priori multivariate growth curve models and examining relationships between the variables via path analysis. The result of path analysis was (χ² = 88.463, df= 71, χ² /df= 1.246, GFI= .914, CFI= .988, P= .079, AGFI= .873, TLI= .985, RMSEA= .043). According to the analysis, there is a positive and significant relationship between self-confidence, adversity quotient, and self-efficacy variables on critical thinking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-confidence" title="self-confidence">self-confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adversity%20quotient" title=" adversity quotient"> adversity quotient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy%20variables" title=" self-efficacy variables"> self-efficacy variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title=" critical thinking"> critical thinking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133249/the-role-of-self-confidence-adversity-quotient-and-self-efficacy-critical-thinking-path-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14806</span> Energy Dynamics of Solar Thermionic Power Conversion with Emitter of Graphene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukunle%20C.%20Olawole">Olukunle C. Olawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20K.%20De"> Dilip K. De</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Emetere"> Moses Emetere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omoje%20Maxwell"> Omoje Maxwell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graphene can stand very high temperature up to 4500 K in vacuum and has potential for application in thermionic energy converter. In this paper, we discuss the application of energy dynamics principles and the modified Richardson-Dushman Equation, to estimate the efficiency of solar power conversion to electrical power by a solar thermionic energy converter (STEC) containing emitter made of graphene. We present detailed simulation of power output for different solar insolation, diameter of parabolic concentrator, area of the graphene emitter (same as that of the collector), temperature of the collector, physical dimensions of the emitter-collector etc. After discussing possible methods of reduction or elimination of space charge problem using magnetic field and gate, we finally discuss relative advantages of using emitters made of graphene, carbon nanotube and metals respectively in a STEC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title=" high temperature"> high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Richardson-Dushman%20equation" title=" modified Richardson-Dushman equation"> modified Richardson-Dushman equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20thermionic%20energy%20converter" title=" solar thermionic energy converter"> solar thermionic energy converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42564/energy-dynamics-of-solar-thermionic-power-conversion-with-emitter-of-graphene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14805</span> Protection of the Object of the Critical Infrastructure in the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20Va%C5%A1kov%C3%A1">Michaela Vašková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing dependence of countries on the critical infrastructure, it increases their vulnerability. Big threat is primarily in the human factor (personnel of the critical infrastructure) and in terrorist attacks. It emphasizes the development of methodology for searching of weak points and their subsequent elimination. This article discusses methods for the analysis of safety in the objects of critical infrastructure. It also contains proposal for methodology for training employees of security services in the objects of the critical infrastructure and developing scenarios of attacks on selected objects of the critical infrastructure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20infrastructure" title="critical infrastructure">critical infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20of%20critical%20infrastructure" title=" object of critical infrastructure"> object of critical infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20audit" title=" security audit"> security audit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39230/protection-of-the-object-of-the-critical-infrastructure-in-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14804</span> New Technique of Estimation of Charge Carrier Density of Nanomaterials from Thermionic Emission Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20K.%20De">Dilip K. De</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukunle%20C.%20Olawole"> Olukunle C. Olawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20S.%20Joel"> Emmanuel S. Joel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Emetere"> Moses Emetere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A good number of electronic properties such as electrical and thermal conductivities depend on charge carrier densities of nanomaterials. By controlling the charge carrier densities during the fabrication (or growth) processes, the physical properties can be tuned. In this paper, we discuss a new technique of estimating the charge carrier densities of nanomaterials from the thermionic emission data using the newly modified Richardson-Dushman equation. We find that the technique yields excellent results for graphene and carbon nanotube. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20density" title="charge carrier density">charge carrier density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20materials" title=" nano materials"> nano materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20technique" title=" new technique"> new technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermionic%20emission" title=" thermionic emission"> thermionic emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42562/new-technique-of-estimation-of-charge-carrier-density-of-nanomaterials-from-thermionic-emission-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14803</span> Analysis of Heat Transfer in a Closed Cavity Ventilated Inside </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benseghir%20Omar">Benseghir Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahmed%20Mohamed"> Bahmed Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we presented a numerical study of the phenomenon of heat transfer through the laminar, incompressible and steady mixed convection in a closed square cavity with the left vertical wall of the cavity is subjected to a warm temperature, while the right wall is considered to be cold. The horizontal walls are assumed adiabatic. The governing equations were discretized by finite volume method on a staggered mesh and the SIMPLER algorithm was used for the treatment of velocity-pressure coupling. The numerical simulations were performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers 1, 10, 100, and 1000 numbers are equal to 0.01,0.1 Richardson, 0.5,1 and 10.The analysis of the results shows a flow bicellular (two cells), one is created by the speed of the fan placed in the inner cavity, one on the left is due to the difference between the temperatures right wall and the left wall. Knowledge of the intensity of each of these cells allowed us to get an original result. And the values obtained from each of Nuselt convection which allow to know the rate of heat transfer in the cavity.Finally we find that there is a significant influence on the position of the fan on the heat transfer (Nusselt evolution) for values of Reynolds studied and for low values of Richardson handed this influence is negligible for high values of the latter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20transfer" title="thermal transfer">thermal transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20cavity" title=" square cavity"> square cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title=" finite volume method"> finite volume method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23319/analysis-of-heat-transfer-in-a-closed-cavity-ventilated-inside" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14802</span> A Review of Critical Thinking Formative Assessment Framework: Coping with Teachers Resistance to Critical Pedagogy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenhui%20Wang">Chenhui Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chwee%20Beng%20Lee"> Chwee Beng Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The practice of critical pedagogy is challenged by resistance from teachers. This study presents a discussion on teachers' resistance to critical pedagogy and previous practical frameworks for assessing critical thinking in formative assessment in the classroom through a critical review of the related literature. The authors found out that the main issue of teachers' resistance is not whether teachers should possess theoretical knowledge of critical thinking but how they apply that knowledge in their classroom teaching. In addition, critical thinking in formative assessment may provide teachers with a comprehensive understanding of critical pedagogical planning, implementing, and reflecting. Therefore, this paper intends to discuss a practical step-by-step framework for critical thinking formative assessment to address this resistance. Such discussion is based on a thorough examination of the related theories and frameworks. This review paper will benefit teachers in understanding and reducing their resistance to critical pedagogy as well as in implementing critical pedagogy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title="critical thinking">critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20pedagogy" title=" critical pedagogy"> critical pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking%20formative%20assessment%20framework" title=" critical thinking formative assessment framework"> critical thinking formative assessment framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%20resistance" title=" teachers resistance"> teachers resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155786/a-review-of-critical-thinking-formative-assessment-framework-coping-with-teachers-resistance-to-critical-pedagogy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14801</span> The Effect of Dry Matter Production Growth Rate, Temperature Rapeseed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vadood%20Mobini">Vadood Mobini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansoreh%20Agazadeh%20Shahrivar"> Mansoreh Agazadeh Shahrivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Hashemi%20Gelenjkhanlo"> Parvin Hashemi Gelenjkhanlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Vazifah"> Hassan Vazifah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seed number is a function of dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), photothermal quotient (PTQ) and temperature during a critical developmental period, which is around flowering in canola (Brassica napus L.). The objective of this experiment was to determine factors such as dry matter, CGR, temperature, and PTQ around flowering which affect seed number. The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran, between 2005 and 2007. Two cultivars of canola (Hyola401 and RGS003), as subplots were grown at 5 sowing dates as main plots, spaced approximately 30 days apart, to obtain different environmental conditions during flowering. The experiment was arranged in two conditions, i.e., supplemental irrigation and rainfed. Seed number per unit area was a key factor for increasing seed yield. Late sowing dates made the critical period of flowering coincide with high temperatures, decreased days to the flowering, seed number per unit area and seed yield. Seed number was driven by the availability of carbohydrates around flowering. Seed number per unit area was maximized for the cultivars when exposed to the highest PTQ, and to the lowest temperature between the beginning of flowering to that of seed filling. The relationship of seed number with aboveground dry matter, CGR, temperature, and PTQ around flowering, over different environmental conditions, showed these variables were generally applicable to seed number determination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowering" title="flowering">flowering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivar" title=" cultivar"> cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20filling" title=" seed filling"> seed filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20conditions" title=" environmental conditions"> environmental conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20yield" title=" seed yield"> seed yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31797/the-effect-of-dry-matter-production-growth-rate-temperature-rapeseed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14800</span> On the Influence of the Metric Space in the Critical Behavior of Magnetic Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20C.%20Ria%C3%B1o-Rojas">J. C. Riaño-Rojas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20Alzate-Cardona"> J. D. Alzate-Cardona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Restrepo-Parra"> E. Restrepo-Parra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a study of generic magnetic nanoparticles varying the metric space is presented. As the metric space is changed, the nanoparticle form and the inner product are also varied, since the energetic scale is not conserved. This study is carried out using Monte Carlo simulations combined with the Wolff embedding and Metropolis algorithms. The Metropolis algorithm is used at high temperature regions to reach the equilibrium quickly. The Wolff embedding algorithm is used at low and critical temperature regions in order to reduce the critical slowing down phenomenon. The ions number is kept constant for the different forms and the critical temperatures using finite size scaling are found. We observed that critical temperatures don't exhibit significant changes when the metric space was varied. Additionally, the effective dimension according the metric space was determined. A study of static behavior for reaching the static critical exponents was developed. The objective of this work is to observe the behavior of the thermodynamic quantities as energy, magnetization, specific heat, susceptibility and Binder's cumulants at the critical region, in order to demonstrate if the magnetic nanoparticles describe their magnetic interactions in the Euclidean space or if there is any correspondence in other metric spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric" title=" metric"> metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo" title=" Monte Carlo"> Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20behaviour" title=" critical behaviour"> critical behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29244/on-the-influence-of-the-metric-space-in-the-critical-behavior-of-magnetic-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14799</span> The Reception of the Notion of Soul as Vis Representativa in Kant’s Pre-critical Philosophy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simone%20D%27Armi">Simone D'Armi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The notion of the representational soul is widely discussed within the German metaphysical landscape of the 18th century. The enunciation of the notion implies, within the 18th-century German rationalism, a number of generally accepted metaphysical notions. However, in the pre-critical writings of Immanuel Kant, it is possible to identify a critical stance towards this notion. The paper thematizes two central aspects: on the one hand, it discusses the notion of the vis of the representative soul, and on the other, it addresses the question of the fundamental forces ( Grundkraefte) of the soul. The aim of the present paper is to show how Kant, in the Nova Dilucidatio and in his Lectures on Metaphysics, probably delivered in the mid-1770s, despite the Wolffian terminology he employed in the field of psychology, criticizes the central aspects connected with the notion of the soul as a representative force. Beginning with a critical analysis of the relationship between Kantian ideas and those of some key exponents of German metaphysical rationalism, it emerges how the Kantian position stands as an alternative to its own historical context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=German%20metaphysics" title="German metaphysics">German metaphysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soul" title=" soul"> soul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-critical%20philosophy" title=" pre-critical philosophy"> pre-critical philosophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181576/the-reception-of-the-notion-of-soul-as-vis-representativa-in-kants-pre-critical-philosophy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14798</span> Critical Activity Effect on Project Duration in Precedence Diagram Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Ali%20Nisar">Salman Ali Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koshi%20Suzuki"> Koshi Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) with its additional relationships i.e., start-to-start, finish-to-finish, and start-to-finish, between activities provides more flexible schedule than traditional Critical Path Method (CPM). But, changing the duration of critical activities in PDM network will have anomalous effect on critical path. Researchers have proposed some classification of critical activity effects. In this paper, we do further study on classifications of critical activity effect and provide more information in detailed. Furthermore, we determine the maximum amount of time for each class of critical activity effect by which the project managers can control the dynamic feature (shortening/lengthening) of critical activities and project duration more efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20project%20management" title="construction project management">construction project management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20path%20method" title=" critical path method"> critical path method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20scheduling" title=" project scheduling"> project scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precedence%20diagram%20method" title=" precedence diagram method"> precedence diagram method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11841/critical-activity-effect-on-project-duration-in-precedence-diagram-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20critical%20number&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20critical%20number&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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